Object: The efficacy of olfactory mucosa autograft (OMA) for chronic spinal cord injury has been reported. New activity in response to voluntary effort has been documented by electromyography (EMG), but the emergence of motor evoked potential (MEP) reflecting electrophysiological conductivity in the central nervous system, including the corticospinal pathway, after OMA, and the best indications for OMA, have not been clarified. Here, we report the emergence of MEPs after OMA and offer recom-mendations for appropriate indications based on the presence of involuntary muscle spasm (IMS). We used analysis of MEP to examine the efficacy of OMA for patients with complete paraplegia due to chronic spinal cord injury. To clarify the indications for OMA, we investigated the association of IMS and efficacy of OMA. Methods: Four patients, 3 men and 1 woman, were enrolled. The mean age of the cases was 30.3 ± 9.5 years (range, 19 to 40 years). All 4 cases were American Spinal Injury Association (ASISA) grade A. The mean duration from injury to OMA was 95.8 ± 68.2 months (range, 17 to 300 months). Samples of olfactory mucosa were removed, cut into smaller pieces, and grafted into the sites of spinal cord lesions after laminectomy. Postoperative subcutaneous fluid collection, postoperative meningitis, postoperative nosebleed, postoperative infection in the nasal cavity, impaired olfaction, neoplastic tissue overgrowth at the autograft site, new sensory disturbance, and involuntary muscle spasm were investigated as safety issues. Improvements in ASIA grade, variations in ASIA scores, EMG, SSEP, and improved urological function were evaluated as efficacy indicators. Results: There were no serious adverse events in this series. In 2 of the 4 cases, an improvement in motor function below the level of injury was recognized. In one, the motor score was 50 until 16 weeks after surgery, and it increased to 52 from 20 weeks after surgery. In the other, the motor score was 50 until 20 weeks after surgery, and it increased to 52 at 24 weeks after surgery with a further increase to 54 at 48 weeks after surgery. The emergence of MEP was recognized in the latter case at 96 weeks after surgery. The other 2 cases had no improvement in ASIA motor score. Both of these cases who showed improvements in the ASIA motor scores exhibited relative IMS compared with those who had no ASIA motor score recovery. Conclusions: We recognized the emergence of MEPs in a case with complete paraplegia due to chronic spinal cord injury after OMA. IMS might be a candidate of indication of OMA.


An efficient technique, which allows the correction of known positioning errors in a near-field to far-field (NF-FF) transformation with planar wide-mesh scanning (PWMS), is here developed and experimentally assessed. The corresponding NF-FF transformation from correctly positioned samples allows a remarkable reduction of the acquisition time with respect to the classical plane-rectangular one, since the NF data needed by this last are accurately recovered from a reduced number of PWMS samples through a 2-D optimal sampling interpolation expansion, attained by modeling the antenna under test with a double bowl and applying the nonredundant sampling representations to the voltage detected by the scanning probe. When the PWMS samples are affected by known probe positioning error, the voltage values at the sampling points, set by the representation, are unknown and can be efficiently retrieved from the inaccurately positioned ones by means of a singular value decomposition based technique.


Based on the microstructure of wood,a new method was put forward to measure the porosity for calculating the oven-dry density.There is the possibility of quantitative analysis of the mechanical properties of the various parts of wood by observing the microstructure of wood and processing the images,while studying on organizational proportion to explore the relationship between the various organizations and the oven-dry density of wood,which provides enough evidence to forecast and account for the mechanical properties of wood.


This study investigated the impact of changing availability of tamper‐deterrent and non‐tamper‐deterrent oxycodone on prescribing patterns of controlled‐release oxycodone across Canada.


This paper analyzes the current situation and problems of the traditional teaching practice of English writing and explores the advantages of multimedia CAI and its specific application to English writing teaching with a view to promoting its reform and innovation.


The efficacy of fiber reinforced concrete in various application of civil engineering is unassailable. It is a heterogeneous material that includes the fibrous substance which increases its structural integrity and cohesion. In recent years, continuous basalt fibers extruded from naturally basalt rock are attracted attention due to its high temperature and abrasion resistance. Basalt fibers has emerged as a contender in fiber reinforcement composites. This paper aims to evaluate the outcome of basalt fiber on the mechanical strength of concrete and also identify the content that have a optimum influence on concrete. Compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of basalt fiber reinforced concrete is increased than the control concrete. The experimental study shows that the mechanical strength of concrete is increased up to 0.9% of basalt fiber in volume fraction. From the result it is observed that the optimum content of Basalt fiber is 0.9% and the ability of basalt fiber to arrest the cracks area indicated as reason for escalation in mechanical properties.


The state-of-the-art on aerodynamic drag reduction is briefly reviewed. The various elements making up the total drag of an aircraft include fuselage, wing, nacelles, trim, interference, tail, and cooling drag.


A new online distance learning system was created by an interdisciplinary team comprised of computer science, graphics, networking, security, and educational science faculty and graduate students to research, implement, and assess the ability to extend a face-to-face classroom to accommodate remotely located students. Comprised of a face-to-face classroom setting with remote students' images projected on the wall of the classroom, this "virtual classroom" is a 3-D rendering of a geometric model populated with real-time video avatars of remote students. Through increased presence, (i.e. being able to view remote students' facial expressions, general body language) and better integration of the virtual classroom into the local classroom, developers intended to increase both learning and motivation to learn. In a formative evaluation regarding the "presence" and "interactivity" afforded by the system, the following elements were analyzed: learning; social, cognitive, and physical presence; student-to-content interaction; and student-to-technology interaction. This paper reports on this new distance learning technology and the evaluation used to assess its effectiveness.


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of valsartan combined with amlodipine besylate in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with hypertension.Methods 150 cases of hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes,randomly divided into amlodipine besylate group,valsartan group and combined group,50 cases in each group.Amlodipine besylate group received 5mg/d of amlodipine besylate,valsartan group received valsartan 80mg/d,combined group received valsartan 80mg/d and 5mg/d of amlodipine besylate.8 weeks for 1 course of treatment and three groups of clinical curative effect were compared.Results The total effective rate in combination group was significantly higher than the other two groups.SBP and DBP in combined group decreased more obviously.Urinary albumin excretion rate was significantly lower than the other two groups.Conclusion Amlodipine combined with valsartan in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with hypertension had significant efficacy and less adverse reaction.It could significantly reduce the damage of target organs and be worthy of promotion.


The mechanism of α-olefin hydroalumination by HAlBui2, ClAlBui2, and AlBui3 in the presence of Cp2ZrCl2 catalyst has been studied. It was established that the key intermediate of the reaction is a bimetallic complex [Cp2ZrH2 · ClAlBui2]2, which reacts with olefins and yields higher diisobutylalkylalanes. In parallel with this stage, the key complex can readily react with XAlBui2 (X = H, Cl, Bui) and form a stable trihydride complex Cp2ZrH2 · ClAlBui2 · HAlBui2, which does not exhibit reactivity in olefin hydroalumination. A kinetic model of α-olefin hydroalumination with HAlBui2 and AlBui3 has been developed. The model explains the causes of the low stability of the key intermediate [Cp2ZrH2 · ClAlBui2]2 and of the different activities of organoaluminum compounds (OACs) in the olefin hydroalumination reaction. Moreover, the model gives information about the limit stages of the reaction and explains the influence of the length of the initial olefins on the rate of the whole catalytic process. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 333–339, 2007


Since the United States and Vietnam normalised diplomatic and trade relations in 1995, Vietnam has become a popular destination, with its vibrant cities, spectacular coastline, and diverse ethnic cultures. This dictionary and phrasebook is an essential aid to all who wish to communicate in Vietnamese at home and abroad. A pronunciation guide presents the Vietnamese tones; a basic grammar teaches sentence structure; and the phrasebook offers insight into Vietnamese etiquette, cuisine, and cultural practices. Special sections for travelling with children are among the phrasebook's unique features.


Introduction: With the technological boom and the deployment of digital devices, the instagrammer phenomenon has become a global revolution, producing a change in the communicative paradigm from which Latin America and Spain are not exempt; which requires an engagement analysis of users in their participation and interaction with online contents. Methodology: It was mainly quantitative and descriptive with data collection through Social Blade and Fan Page Karma monitoring tools, which provided information about the activity and engagement of influencers on Instagram and the main variables of interaction. We conducted a cross-sectional study on ten accounts of Spanish-speaking fashion instagrammers (Latin America-Spain) during February in 2018, 2019 and 2020. Results: The level of engagement of Latin American Instagrammers is prominent compared to Spain. There is no relation between the numbers of followers and the commitment registered for both cases; there are notable variations and similar trends in the fashion sector. Conclusions: The Spanish-speaking instagrammers present a community with more than millions with a decreasing tendency in the interaction with contents, base of the engagement with their followers suggesting new correlations between their abilities to influence and the effort spend on Instagram.


For every natural number n, we exhibit a graph with the property that every embedding of it in ℝ3 contains a non-split n-component link. Furthermore, we prove that our graph is minor minimal in the sense that every minor of it has an embedding in ℝ3 that contains no non-split n-component link.


A . Sundal: This afternoon's lectures and discussions will deal with congenital malformations. This group has always played a significant role in both the mortality and the morbidity during childhood. Of the total mortality during infancy death through malformations constitutes a definitely larger group, because many of the other diseases have become steadily better controlled and have thereby shown a tendency to decrease. Malformations on the other hand have scarcely been influenced. Malformations also play a large part in the morbidity, primarily because they are so common but also because more have become subject to operative treatment. Until a short time ago there was an inability to approach and a defeatist attitude towards penetrating more closely the causes of malformations. But during recent years windows have opened to a newer knowledge of the causes. And even if we stand a t the very beginning, research daily makes excursions into the terra incognita of malformations.


In order to simulate truly the underground water seeppage of Jiangkou Hydroelectric Station's dam area, the three dimensional seepage model was founded by 3 D FEM under the conditions of the features of terrane anisotropism and supplementary boundaries of rainfall infiltration. The dam area is separated into several zones according to penetrability in horizontal and vertical directions. A series of models is considered. The results of these models show that the seepage control of proof curtain and draining system is efficient, and the data may be used as the basis for design.


A series of novel 32-functionalised lanost-7-en-3-ols (1)–(7) has been synthesised; these compounds are all powerful inhibitors of lanosterol 14α-methyl demethylase, an important enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis.


This paper explores the possible uses of data relating to the journey to work, collected as part of the five yearly census of population and housing. The data source is widely available, regularly updated, of relatively high quality, and very inexpensive. As such, it has the potential to be substituted for data collected by special purpose, very expensive, low quality, sample surveys of households. Following reviews of the relevant data and some of its past uses, attention is drawn to the fact that the tabulations provided can be used for predictive modelling as well as descriptive analysis. This enables the development of practical planning tools, and facilitates urgent research into the validity of many of the assumptions underlying conventional modelling procedures. Both possibilities justify the further use of this important and underutilized resource (a).


The investigation of effect of the low-frequency harmonic oscillation on the nourishment circuit of the 7 mm wave region IMPATT diode oscillator was continued. In first time it was shown, that excitement of noise and the maximum height-frequency noise spectrum extension at a low-frequency oscillation amplitude increasing are connected with a transitory decreasing of the diode current lower the start current of height-frequency generation in the IMPATT diode oscillator. Keywords: effect, low-frequency harmonic oscillation, IMPATT diode oscillator, 7mm wave range, spectrum, amplitude detector.


Releases of radioactive materials in airborne and liquid effluents from commerical light water reactors during 1978 have been compiled and reported. Data on soild waste shipments as well as selected operating information have been included. This report supplements earlier annual reports by the former Atomic Energy Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The 1978 release data are compared with previous years releases in tabular form. Data covering specific radionuclides are summarized.


Using a common optical path, the laser pulse is supplied to the coated surface (50), the illumination light reflected from the coated surface (34), to provide a coating removing apparatus directed to the optical detector and analyzer . The coating removing apparatus, the laser light source (12), a beam splitter (14), the scanning optical element (16), unwanted matter removing device (26), one or more illuminators (18), a photodetector (20), it is an integrated device comprising a comparator (22) and the control logic circuit (24). Alternatively, it provided the laser light source external to the integrated device may be connected to the laser light source to the integrated device by using an optical fiber.


The need for small size and light weight heat exchangers in many ap pli ca tions has re sulted in the de vel op ment of many heat trans fer sur faces. This type of heat exchanger is much more com pact than can be prac ti cally re al ized with cir cu lar tubes. In this work a steady-state math e mat i cal model that rep re sent ing one of the plate fin heat exchangers en closed in cold box of an eth yl ene plant has been de vel oped. This model could eval u ate the per for mance of the heat exchanger by pre dict ing the out let tem per a tures of the hot and cold streams when the in let con di tions are known. The model has been val i dated by com par ing the re sults with ac tual op er at ing val ues and the re sults showed good agree ment with the ac tual data. Sen si tiv ity anal y sis was ap plied on the model to il lus trate the main pa ram e ters that have the great est in flu ence on the model cal cu lated re sults. The sen si tiv ity anal y sis showed that the hot stream out let tem per a ture is more sen si tive to cold streams in let tem per a tures and less sen si tive to hot stream in let tem per a ture and ther mal re sis tance (foul ing), while the cold stream out let tem per a ture is more sen si tive to cold streams in let flow rate and less sen si tive to foul ing.


Chronic alcoholism involves physiological alcohol dependence and in addition at least one medical sequel due to the alcoholic consumption (2). Among the sequelae are: delirium tremens, abstinence epilepsy, liver cirrhosis, pancreatitis, peripheral nerve or muscular damage, and brain damage. Of all men treated as in-patients in 1977 at the psychiatric clinic in Helsingborg, 305 were residing in the city of Helsingborg (a seaport and industrial town in the south of Sweden with about 100000 inhabitants) and fulfilled the above-mentioned criteria of chronic alcoholism. Of the 305 men, 91 (30%) were 40 years old or younger, 176 (58%) between 41 and 60 years, and 38 (12%) more than 60 years old. This study describes the addictive condition of the men after 5 years (1982).


This paper introduces the concept of library's strategic alliance, and expounds the features of library's strategic alliance, and based on the analyzing the existence and development of the library under the information environment, extracts library's core competitiveness from the concept of the core competitiveness, and points out that building the strategic alliance is beneficial to enhancing the core competitiveness of university library and maximizes the effectiveness of university library.


We propose an overlap-save-based adaptive recursive-least-square frequency-domain equalization (RLS-FDE) for mode-division-multiplexing fiber-link. It has manageable computation complexity and is robust with laser phase noise. Its performance was simulated on two-mode transmission in comparison to LMS-FDE.


The state of physical-spatial rupture, of the integral condition of the city of Bogota, has generated effects of containment, separation, spatial interruption, functional dependence and difficulty for the relations and socio-urban dynamics of the neighborhood units in the western part of the city, with the rest of the territory.
Thus, the objective of this undergraduate project is to provide solutions to the situations of difficulty that these physical-spatial manifestations unite in Bogota, through the study of multiscalar urban fragmentation, analyzing what happens in the interaction between fragments and the inside of them.
Therefore, this implies understanding the conditions of inequity due to the imbalance in quality of life indicators, services
basic, sustainability and accessibility, in which the largest amount of population lives, conglomerate in the western towns of the city.


In this short note, we try to apply the decomposition theorem of CS-module to reprove the direct sum of CS-modules be CS under certain condition.


We draw an analogy of biological cyanide poisoning to security attacks in self-organizing mobile ad hoc networks. When a circulatory system is treated as an enclosed network space, a hemoglobin is treated as a mobile node, and a hemoglobin binding with cyanide ion is treated as a compromised node (which cannot bind with oxygen to furnish its oxygen-transport function), we show how cyanide poisoning can reduce the probability of oxygen/message delivery to a "negligible" quantity. Like modern cryptography, security problem in our network-centric model is defined on the complexity-theoretic concept of "negligible", which is asymptotically sub-polynomial with respect to a pre-defined system parameter x. Intuitively, the parameter x is the key length n in modern cryptography, but is changed to the network scale, or the number of network nodes N, in our model. Based on this new analytic model, we show that TIP (n-runs) complexity class with a virtual oracle can formally model the cyanide poisoning phenomenon and similar network threats. This new analytic approach leads to a new view of biological threats from the perspective of network security and complexity theoretic study.


We present preliminary results of resonant (2 + 2) multiphoton ionization of NO in flames near 452 nm. Temperature profiles are obtained from Boltzmann analysis and from spectral simulations of the resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) rotational spectra of the NO A2∑÷←X2∏ (0,0) band. Interest in this work was encouraged by previous REMPI flame studies of NO1,2, as well as by possible problems that may be encountered in NO2 flames using laser λ 405 nm would be very desirable.


During the process of precipitation hardening, the phase decompositions in supersaturated solid solution (SSS) are often initiated by nucleation, then proceed to particle growth and eventually ended by Ostwald coarsening. To produce a model that is valid over the full range of transformation, the competing processes of nucleation, growth and coarsening cannot be considered in isolation. A powerful method for dealing with concomitant nucleation, growth and coarsening has been developed by Kampmann and Wagner. In the present work, the standard Kampmann and Wagner numerical model (KWN model) has been extended and modified to determine the dynamics of particle size distribution (PSD) as well as the microstructure evolution. In the present model, the newly nucleated particles are added to the corresponding size classes using the Trapezoidal shape assumption in order to eliminate the problem of discontinuity. During the growth and coarsening, since phase separations start as an interface-controlled transformation and gradually shift towards diffusion control, the mixed-mode (or co-controlled) model, therefore, is used in the present work instead of the diffusion controlled rate used in the standard KWN. Finally, the model is applied to aluminium alloys under both isothermal and non-isothermal heat treatment conditions.


ABSTRACT The opioid epidemic has been the most significant public health crisis in the United States during the past 30 years. In 2021, it was second only to COVID-19. What happens when two epidemics collide and what should policy makers do about it? This article analyzes the burden of COVID-19 on patients with opioid addiction and discusses the beneficial policy changes that improve access to substance abuse care.


Southwest Research Institute in collaboration with engineers at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) are currently developing capabilities to provide reliability-based structural evaluation techniques for performing weapon component and system reliability assessments in support of eventual weapon certification by analysis. Focus herein is placed on two problems recently studied: 1) The uncertain structural response of an explosive actuated valve-piston assembly, and 2) the quasi-static collapse response of a spherical shell. The probabilistic dynamic response of the piston is evaluated through the coupling of the probabilistic software NESSUS (Numerical Evaluation of Stochastic Structures Under Stress) 2 with the non-linear structural dynamics code, ABAQUS/Explicit 3 . The probabilistic model includes variations in piston mass and geometry, and mechanical properties, such as Young's Modulus, yield strength, and flow characteristics. The probabilistic response of the shell is evaluated through the coupling of the NESSUS software and the explicit dynamic code DYNA3D 5 . Variations in geometric shape parameters and material properties are considered. Nomenclature


The heated conversations about Fang Fang's "Tu Ziqiang's Personal Sorrow" among the author, readers and critics are a typical example of the bottom literature which emerged in the 1990s. Starting with the controversies aroused by the novella, this paper discusses the relationships among literary creation, criticism and theory in the bottom writing. The problem of the social bottom is not only an economic or political problem, but also such a complicated cultural problem that has attracted increasing attention in the field of human science. As it were, around the problem of the bottom class, a new public field integrating different kinds of writing forms and various theoretical materials is formed. The Benign interaction among literary creation, criticism and theory will both benefit to the overall development of literature and provide resources for the theoretical construction.


Abstract This paper presents a comparative analysis of some models recently proposed in literature to represent the TCP protocol and its congestion control algorithm pointing out advantages and drawbacks. The comparative analysis also considers the results obtained with the NS-2 network'simulator to validate the different models. From this analysis a model is selected for control purposes and a generalized predictive controller is proposed to perform the TCP congestion control mechanism. The proposed controller can cope with the dead time of the process and handle the process constraints. Some simulations using NS-2 are used to show the good properties of the proposed model and controller in several cases such as variations in the time delay and communication bandwidth.


Twenty elderly patients of ASA grade 3 or 4, received either propofol 1 mg/kg or thiopentone 2 mg/kg for induction of anaesthesia. These doses provided a convenient level of anaesthesia for all patients. There were no significant intra‐ or intergroup haemodynamic changes, with the exception of a decrease in diastolic pressure and rate pressure product after propofol. It is concluded that propofol 1 mg/kg can be used to induce anaesthesia in elderly high risk patients without deleterious cardiovascular effects.


The literature on electrical energy storage (EES) is technical and complex which this paper aims to simplify. It quantifies the current scale, costs and value of different types of EES and compares them to peaking generators and interconnectors. Worldwide, dams have 2,700 times the storage capacity of pumped storage, which accounts for 99% of conventional EES, batteries making up the rest. Indirect use of hydro power, and in future, electric vehicles, adds to their value and if accessible at reasonable cost, would be cheaper than conventional EES. EES, peakers and DC interconnectors can offer flexibility services which considerably enhance their value, but hopes of a battery revolution enabling a smarter electricity system should not be exaggerated.


The present article will focus on the concept of a folktale as an object of experience and of study as this is relevant to critical and folkloristic discussions of folktales. We do not claim that we are the first ones to touch upon the problems, but the value of the present contribution should lie in its sustained discussion and charting of the tortuous ways by which so-called folktales wind their way from their original narration to a modern reader. We shall suggest that they do so by passing through "filters", i. e. changes in terms of space, time, and media, where they come to exist in new dimensions. In these dimensions, the folktales are released in experiences, i. e. "continua" which are communal when the tales are told, and individual when the tales are read. One of the most important types of filter is what we shall term orientations, i. e. deliberate, albeit perhaps not necessarily conscious or explicit changes wrought because of a sender's relationship to an audience (e. g. a narrator's interplay with the listeners, or an editor's attitude towards the folktale concept). At the same time, we must stress that having passed a filter and existing in a new dimension, a folktale is no longer the same as before, and that the concept of sameness is meaningless. On the other hand, there is an indisputable and indissoluble relationship between tales in different dimensions, as long as they derive


Finite Time Stability of LTI systems with matched perturbations using dynamic output feedback is achieved under the assumptions of strong observability, controllability and known bounds for the perturbations. It is shown that only global controllers are well suited for this task. Two cases are studied: when the relative degree is well-defined and when it is not. Simulation examples are presented in order to illustrate the proposed approach.


The SAFED (Safe and Fuel Efficient Driving) scheme aims to improve the driving techniques of drivers of heavy goods vehicles through training to improve fuel efficiency and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Databuild was commissioned by the Department to evaluate the impact of SAFED, in particular to measure the cost effectiveness and potential of the programme in England. 1,558 telephone interviews with hauliers were undertaken during February and March 2007. The sample was structured to take account of: registered users and non users of Freight Best Practice programme (FBP); registered users and non-users of SAFED; type of operation (either own account or hire and reward); and size of fleet (single vehicle, 2-14 vehicles or 15 plus vehicles). Twenty-five percent of fleets are aware of SAFED. Of those aware of SAFED, 12% had gone on to use the training (3% of all fleets). SAFED users are on the whole very satisfied with the training scheme. Using responses to a series of statements, a score was calculated to provide an indicator of respondents' attitude to fuel efficiency. Overall, 54% of fleets had taken action over the past two years to improve their fuel efficiency. Nearly all large fleets (92%) had taken action compared with 68% of medium and 37% of small fleets.


The classical linear filter can successfully filter the components from a time series for which the frequency content does not change with time, and those nonstationary time series with time-varying frequency (TVF) components that do not overlap. However, for many types of nonstationary time series, the TVF components often overlap in time. In such a situation, the classical linear filtering method fails to extract components from the original process. In this paper, we introduce and theoretically develop the G-filter based on a time-deformation technique. Simulation examples and a real bat echolocation example illustrate that the G-filter can successfully filter a G-stationary process whose TVF components overlap with time.


The nutrient uptake,photosynthesis and yield of different separation methods were measured to analyze resource competition from above-and below-ground interaction. The treatments included no shoot or root separation( T1),shoot and root separation( T2),root separation( T3),shoot separation( T4), sole maize( T5) and soybean( T6). The land equivalent ratios of grain yield and biomass were 1. 23 and 1. 20 for T1,0. 97 and 0. 91 for T2,1. 01 and 1. 02 for T3,1. 10 and 1. 08 for T4,respectively. Competiveness of maize relative to soybean was 0. 79 for T1,- 0. 08 for T2,0. 14 for T3 and 0. 39 for T4,respectively. The nutrient competitive ratios of maize relative to soybean were 1. 63,1. 92 and 1. 50 for T1; 1. 05,1. 03 and 1. 06 for T2; 1. 28,1. 32 and 1. 27 for T3; 1. 47,1. 43 and 1. 36 for T4, respectively. Except the jointing stage,the P n,T r,G s and C i of maize were the highest for T1; and the values for T4 were the second; and the values for T2 and T3 were remarkable lower than that for T1. Except the branching stage,the parameters of soybean were the lowest for T1,and the values for T2 and T3 were significantly higher than that for T1. In summary, as for maize / soybean intercropping advantages,the interactions of above- and below-ground parts was greater than that under the action of a single factor,and there was greater role from below-ground part than above-ground part.


Aim:To explore interaction mode between amphoteric molecules with the ordered phospholipid membrane.Methods:Membrane interactions were determined by immobilized artificial membrane(IAM) chromatography and solutes hydroph9obicity was measured by n-octanol/buffer system.Results:The ampholytes,similar to bases,generally exhibited higher membrane affinity than expected from their hydrophobicity,resulting from the attractive polar interaction with phospholipid membrane.Furthermore,the strength of additional polar interaction with membrane(Δlg kLAM) was then calculat ed.The Δlg KIAMvalues were far greater for bases and ampholytes ranging from 0.50-1.39,than those for acids and neutrals with the scope from-0.55-0.44.Conclusion :Considering the microspecies distribution of amphoteric molecules,it was assumed that not only neutral and positive but also zwitterionic microspecies are capable of partitioning into ordered amphoteric lipid membrane with complementarily conformational and energetically favorable interactions.


Addressable, large scale arrays of microcavity plasma devices have been fabricated by wet chemical processes. Dielectric encapsulated aluminum microcavity electrodes having cavities with a diameter of 100–200 μm are formed by wet electrochemical process suitable for low cost manufacturing. This presentation reports device structure and cell designs for high pressure Xe microplasmas.


We determine the energy eigenvalues and eigenstates of the Bohr Hamiltonian for γ-rigid prolate nuclei with the Coulomb-like potential in minimal length formalism. We first show corresponding Hamiltonian of γ-rigid prolate nuclei then investigate the effects of minimal length parameter in energy levels and obtain the transition rates. Ordinary results are recovered for the vanishing minimal length parameter and for the clarity of our results, some instructive graphs have been prepared.


The work of Michel Foucault highlights the need to rethink the assumptions of disciplines such as international relations which have tended to remain narrow, universalist and positivist. In particular, the key concept of power has largely escaped critical inquiry. This article seeks to open up the power discourse in international relations by exploring the limits of traditional approaches such as realism and even critical theory, arguing for a 'post‐positivist' approach which incorporates Foucault's insights into the nature of power. Indeed, it goes beyond much of the 'Third Debate' in directly focusing on power and rearticulating its form and content as a category of analysis in international relations.


Healio.com/Psychiatry | 431 The Eating Disorders Work Group of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Task Force was given the charge of considering whether obesity is a mental disorder that should be included. There were several reasons for considering the salience of obesity for the psychiatric nomenclature. First, phenotypic similarities in the behaviors associated with obesity and both eating disorders and substance use disorders, as well as findings documenting different brain responses to food-related cues in lean and obese individuals,1 have led to consideration of obesity as a mental disorder. Next, there is growing evidence documenting a relation between obesity and numerous psychiatric disorders.2-4 Finally, increasing concern about the association of psychotropic drugs with weight gain and increases in cardiometabolic risk has led to enhanced awareness of obesity in psychiatry.5 Nevertheless, there currently is insufficient evidence to include obesity in DSM-5. In the sections that follow, we outline research findings that informed the decision making of the Eating Disorders Work Group.


Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant neoplasia, originating from the oral lining epithelium, responsible for approximately 90-95% of malignancies in this location. Incidence and mortality rates for oral SCC may vary due to personal habits, socioeconomic characteristics, environmental factors and quality of health care. This study reports the aggressive evolution of SCC with a delayed diagnosis and the impossibility of immediate curative therapy. Case report: A 47-year-old brown male patient, smoker and drinker was referred by a primary health care center to the Stomatology Clinic at UFPR (Federal University of Paraná). The diagnosis of well-differentiated SCC was confirmed by histopathological examination. The patient was referred to a specialized service where an oncology team defined the case as inoperable due to lung function limitations and advanced tumor staging. The patient underwent lung physiotherapy sessions until reaching clinical conditions to undergo oncologic therapy which included radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Conclusion: The reported case highlights the importance of establishing an early diagnosis for SCC. There is a need of facilitating and speeding the access to both health care services and information that lead patients to seek professional assistance as soon as the first disease signs appear.


Results of the investigation on main characteristics library of various integral resistors (IR)  within the following temperature and current ranges, respectively (–70)–(+150) °С and 10 –6 –10 –2 А  are presented in the paper. The paper contains a temperature-dependent IR-model. Its analysis permits to explain experimental dependences and develop concrete recommendations on IR calculation and application in IS.


In this paper, the analytical formulation of the multibody dynamic (MBD) equations of motion of flexible link manipulators has been developed. The (MBD) equations of motion are in the form of differential algebraic equations (DAEs). These equations are then adapted to suit the application of two control algorithms (feedback linearization and composite control based on singular perturbation theory). The equations structure, to be exploited in the numerical methods, is defined and discussed. The numerical procedure for the solution of the developed DAEs is presented. The DAEs results are compared with the standard Lagrange formulation exploiting ordinary differential equations (ODEs).


The purpose of this presentation is to show how instructional technology can be exploited to effectively integrate Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) 'Can Do' performance objectives (Council of Europe, 2001) into the syllabus and assessment of an advanced (B2) level course. The particular course that will be used for purposes of demonstration is English for Rehabilitation, an English for Specific Academic Purposes (ESAP) course offered at the Cyprus University of Technology. It is a two-semester compulsory subject for first-year students majoring in Rehabilitation Sciences, a Health Faculty discipline. The ultimate goal of the course is to increase students' linguistic competence to allow them to function professionally in English as independent learners in all four skills: listening, reading, speaking and writing. It will be shown how Internet resources, in particular YouTube and various Google applications (Google Drive, Google Docs, Google Scholar, Google Slides, Hangouts) are used to provide and organise online content as well as to support students in the production of written and oral materials based on discipline-specific input.


Low coverage genome sequencing is rapid and cost-effective for recovering complete mitochondrial genomes for animal phylogenomics. The recovery of high copy number nuclear genes, including histone H3, 18S and 28S ribosomal RNAs, is also possible using this approach. In this study, we explore the potential of the genome skimming (GS) to recover additional nuclear genes from shallow sequencing projects. Using an in silico baited approach, we recover three additional core histone genes (H2A, H2B and H4) from our existing collection of low coverage decapod crustacean dataset (99 species, 69 genera, 38 families, 10 infraorders). Phylogenetic analyses based on various combinations of mitochondrial and nuclear genes for the entire decapod dataset and 40 species of crayfish (Infraorder Astacidea) found that the evolutionary rates for different classes of genes varied widely. The highlight being a very high level of congruence found between trees from the six nuclear genes and those derived from the mitogenome sequences for freshwater crayfish. These findings indicate that nuclear genes recovered from the same genome skimming datasets designed to obtain mitogenomes can be used to support more robust and comprehensive phylogenetic analyses. Further, a search for additional intron-less nuclear genes identified several high copy number genes across the decapod dataset and recovery of NaK, PEPCK and GAPDH gene fragments is possible at slightly elevated coverage, suggesting the potential and utility of GS in recovering even more nuclear genetic information for phylogenetic studies from these inexpensive and increasingly abundant datasets.


Summary — Organically modified montmorillonite clay (OMC) and its iron complex (OMC-Fe) were prepared using 1-acetylpyridinium chloride salicylhydrazone. Low density polyethylene (PE-LD) was compounded with either OMC or OMC-Fe (in amount of 3 or 7 wt. %) using ultrasonic radiation. The morphology of polyethylene composites was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The thermal stability and flammability properties of polyethylene composites were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry, respectively. The resultant composites exhibited improved flammability relative to the pure polyethylene.


We present a study of 13 patients with aphasia, not screened by presumed subtype, showing strong correlations among disparate measures of fluency and measures of receptive and expressive grammatical ability related to verb functional categories. The findings are consistent with a single underlying dimension of severity. We suggest that subtyping be re-examined in light of performance patterns and only accepted when patient clustering is empirically derived and theoretically meaningful.


This is the third volume of a series that studies the gods in Homeric poetry through the lens of Herodotus (2.52–3), who credits Homer and Hesiod with teaching to the Greeks some of the essential aspects of their gods: their theogonia, eponymiai, timai, technai and eidea. Volume 1 (2017) concentrates on the timai, 'spheres of influence', and technai, 'functional knowledge', of the gods, and how they functioned within the polytheistic system and poetry. Volume 2 (2019) focuses on the eidea, 'images', of the gods, with an emphasis on anthropomorphism. Volume 3 centres on eponymiai, 'surnames', which includes epithets and other types of qualification that fit under the category of 'attributs onomastiques'. Volume 4 will be about theogonia, the genealogies of the gods. Volume 3 is the product of a symposium in France in 2018, which brought together this ongoing study of the gods of Homer with the MAP (Mapping Ancient Polytheisms) project, a collaborative study of the naming of gods in the Greek and Semitic worlds. In Chapter 1 the editors, Bonnet and Pironti, argue that all the ways of naming and addressing the gods, not just their names, constitute a language that both describes and creates Greek polytheism. The MAP project proposed speaking of 'onomastic attributes' as a general category and 'onomastic sequences' to describe how poets put these attributes together into semantic chains. So, this volume is appropriately subtitled Attributs onomastiques because the authors go beyond the study of names and epithets to discuss the whole variety of verbal attributes. Like the visual attributes by which we can recognise deities in iconography, onomastic attributes are verbal constructions that allow us to recognise deities in poetry. The most important feature of the volume is that it presents a departure from a mechanistic view of epithets as formulae that exist merely for the sake of completing a line of hexameter. Certainly, epithets have a necessary rhythmic function, but they also carry semantic functions, which can only be understood by paying attention to narrative contexts and the methods by which onomastic attributes are put to use. Each contribution in the volume shares this unifying theme of reconsidering the elements of divine naming (theonym, epithet etc.), which takes into account their contexts of usage and how they contribute to a creative representation of the divine. This enlargement of the notion of epithets responds to the fluidity and creativity of the practice of divine denomination, allowing a richer understanding of how the poets contributed to the formation of Greek polytheism. The authors break away from the rigid dichotomy of name-epithet and offer a more flexible approach to understanding a variety of onomastic attributes. The first chapter provides an introduction to the topic as a whole, and the second chapter also serves as an introduction, where R. Gagné outlines the theoretical basis for the studies that follow. He discusses another passage that guides the contributions in the volume: Pausanias 7.21.7–9, which argues that Poseidon's name Hippios is neither a poetic epithet nor a local cult title (epichoria), but an 'epiclesis common to all', a reference to Poseidon's function as god of horses, which is attested in both epic poetry and local cult practice. Interpreting this as a warning against imposing too rigid a system of classification THE CLASSICAL REVIEW 402


Internet Economy allows businesses to move to the virtual market and establish their online presence on the Web. In order to strive, they have to keep their customers satisfied. Customer satisfaction depends on site usability, as only usable and good-quality sites can meet users' expectations. This paper describes the Web quality model and describes the methodology used for quality evaluation in the domain of business. The model is applied to the quality evaluation of two business-oriented Web site. The paper presents the results.


We propose a new topology-preserving method for 3D image segmentation. We treat the image as a stack of 2D images so that the topological computation can be carried only within 2D in order to achieve computational efficiency. To enforce the continuity between slices, we propose a compound multi-slice representation and a compound multi-slice topological loss that incorporates rich topological information from adjacent slices. The quantitative and qualitative results show that our proposed method outperforms various strong baselines, especially for structure-related evaluation metrics.


Etomidate injection (Amidate, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.) in our hospital is supplied in 20-mL glass ampules. There is a similarly packaged chug that could cause serious problems if it were administered m place of etomidate. Edetate disodium (Endrate, Abbott Laboratories) is a seldom-used chehting agent, which produces a rapid decrease in serum calaum conmlration when administerrd intravenously. Hypocalcemic tetany, Seinues, and severe cardiac arrhythmias can ensue. Edetate has a negative inotropic effect on the heart and transiently antagonizes the inotropic and chronotropic effects of digitalis. Therefore, it is clinically useful in the treatment of refractory ventricular arrhythmias associated with digitalis toxicity. Emergency treatment of hypercalcemia is another possible use for this drug. Whenever it is administered, it must be diluted and then given by slow infusion to minhize adverse reactions (1). There are a number of ways in which Amidate and Endrate could be confused. Their trade names are somewhat similar, both being short words ending in "ate." Both drugs are supplied in 20-mL ampules, which at first appear identical, and come packaged five to a box (Figure 1). In the instance that I am citing, one ampule of Endrate had been unintentionally placed in a box of Amidate ampules. It was only after retrieving the incorrect ampule from the phar-


A task was presented to the students as part a required 4-week geriatric medicine term. Students were asked to perform informal interviews of 3 community-dwelling persons over the age of 80. The interviews were to last approximately 1 hour each. Topics to be covered were: opinions and feelings about their likely state of health in the future; likely level of independence in the future; likely type of accommodation in the future. After completing the interviews, the students prepared a 1500word structured essay which reported the responses of the 3 interviewees organised by topic, including an introduction, conclusion, and summary.


Instruction-level traces are widely used for program and hardware analysis. However, program traces for just a few seconds of execution are enormous, up to several terabytes in size, uncompressed. Specialized compression can shrink traces to a few gigabytes, but trace analyzers typically stream the decompressed trace through the analysis engine. Thus, the complexity of analysis depends on the decompressed trace size (even though the decompressed trace is never stored to disk). This makes many global or interactive analyses infeasible. This paper presents a method to compress program traces using binary decision diagrams (BDDs). BDDs intrinsically support operations common to many desirable program analyses and these analyses operate directly on the BDD. Thus, they are often polynomial in the size of the compressed representation. The paper presents mechanisms to represent a variety of trace data using BDDs and shows that BDDs can store, in 1 GB of RAM, the entire data-dependence graph of traces with over 1 billion instructions. This allows rapid computation of global analyses such as heap-object liveness and dynamic slicing


Tetragonal tungsten bronze-type tantalum (Ta) substituted Sr2KNb5O15 nanorod photocatalysts with tunnel structures were prepared by a facile and low-cost molten salt method using potassium chloride (KCl) at 850 °C for only 2 h. Although all native photocatalysts did not possess any detectable activity in pure water splitting, after deposition of NiOx (double-layered Ni/NiO) as co-catalysts, samples of Sr2KNb5O15 and Sr2KTa5O15 can split pure water into H2 and O2 in a stoichiometric amount (≈2 : 1), which can be ascribed to the improved charge carrier separation and transfer in the presence of NiOx. Furthermore, Ta substitution effects on the photocatalytic behaviour were systematically investigated for hydrogen production by aqueous methanol reforming. The average H2 formation rates of Sr2KNb5−xTaxO15 first decrease with tantalum substitution for x 2.5) and especially the fully substituted Sr2KTa5O15. This can be explained by a stronger driving force for photogenerated conduction band electrons to reduce water.


CO2 gas shield welding is used in the production due to a great deal of profiled bar steel employed in the truck wheel,but it also produces varies kinds of welding defect such as blowhole,undercut,deviation,uncompleted weld etc.The defect influence factors in the weld production of truck wheel were analyzed from the defect statistical data of different working procedure,and the prevent measure of welding defect were proposed in this paper.


The Tianshui Experimental Site of Soil and Water Conservation was set up in 1942. Then the first construction broadcasted the thinking of soil and water conservation, and popularized the technologies of soil and water conservation and related plants. Their efforts established the foundation of the science of soil and water conservation with the first high-tech and high quality R&D team, and pushed the research of soil and water conservation building on the stage of systematization. All of this provided rare good scientific data and theoretical support for the soil and water conservation and the development of regional economy in Northwest China.


High frequency (90 %) induction of thymic lymphomas by whole-body X irradiation with 4 repeats of 1.8 Gy (total dose: 7.2 Gy) in C57BL/6 mice was suppressed to 43 % by continuous whole-body irradiation of mice with Cs g rays at a low dose rate of 1.2 mGy/h for 450 days, starting 35 days before the challenging irradiation. The continuous 1.2 mGy/h irradiation, administering a total dose of 7.2 Gy over 258 days, yielded no thymic lymphomas, indicating that this low dose rate radiation does not induce tumors. Immune activities of the mice, as measured by the numbers of CD4 T cells, CD40 B cells, and antibody-producing cells in the spleen after immunization with sheep red blood cells, were significantly increased by continuous 1.2 mGy/h irradiation alone. These results indicate the presence of adaptive response in tumor induction, involvement of radiationinduced immune activation in tumor suppression, and a large dose-rate reduction factor for tumor induction with extreme low-dose-rate radiation.


PURPOSE: A traffic signal structure is provided to prevent a horizontal support from becoming separated from a post by installing an auxiliary support in the post. CONSTITUTION: A traffic signal structure comprises a first reinforcing member, a horizontal support(300a), a cover plate(400), an auxiliary support(500), and a control plate. The first reinforcing member has an auxiliary pipe, a first flange and a reinforcing piece. The auxiliary pipe is fixed to one surface of a post(10a). The first flange is formed in one side of the auxiliary pipe. The horizontal support has a streetlamp(320), an auxiliary lamp, and a second flange. The second flange is coupled to the first flange. One end of the cover plate is fixed to the post, and the other side is fixed to the horizontal support by covering the first and second flanges. The auxiliary support is connected to one surface of the post and the bottom surface of the horizontal support. The control plate is fixed to one surface of the top of the post.


ABSTRACT Seeds of Celtis australis L. were collected from 13 sites (from 10 candidate plus trees at each site) covering an altitudinal range from 550–1980m asl. Germination was tested at 7 temperature regimes. The optimum regime (25°C) was the same for all provenances, but the germination %, mean germination time and germination index of provenances varied significantly. Germination % fell from over 40% for freshly collected seeds, to 28% after one year's storage at ambient room temperature—irrespective of provenance. Cold storage failed to improve on this figure. Among provenances that from Garud exhibited the maximum germination −38%, whilst that from Jakholi exhibited the minimum -18%, after 1 year of storage compared to 57% and 33%, respectively, in fresh collected seeds. Both seed source and the temperature affect the germination of C. australis. The seeds should be stored at ambient temperature.


Polyploidy is recognized as a mechanism of speciation in plants with cascading effects on biotic interactions. However, a limited number of studies have investigated the effects of polyploidy on the association of plants and microorganisms. Herein, we investigated whether two Salicornia cytotypes (S. europaea – 2x and S. procumbens – 4x) show different root-associated fungal communities. Additionally, we explored the existence of cytotype-specific root anatomical traits, which could influence fungal recruitment and establishment. Salicornia spp. were identified based on their ploidy level. The root-associated fungal microbiome of Salicornia was analyzed using high throughput amplicon sequencing (ITS1 of rDNA) in spring and summer. The following root anatomical traits were investigated: maximum root diameter, periderma thickness, parenchyma thickness, diameter of the vascular cylinder and maximum diameter of parenchyma cells. Our results showed that Shannon diversity and evenness indices were higher in samples of Salicornia procumbens (4x) compared to those of S. europaea (2x), and in summer the root-associated fungal community of S. procumbens (4x) was significantly different from that of S. europaea (2x). The orders Xylariales, Malasseziales and Pleosporales were the most frequent root colonizers in both cytotypes and most of the taxa associated with Salicornia were functionally classified as saprophytes or plant pathogens. Finally, we observed larger periderma and parenchyma layers in S. procumbens (4x) than S. europaea (2x) that may contribute to the observed differences in community composition between the two cytotypes. Our results suggest that differences in ploidy may modulate plant interaction with fungi by affecting species recruitment and microbiome structure. In addition, cytotype-specific root traits may also have the potential to affect differently community assembly in the two cytotypes.


A calculation of the influence of the surface field on the plasma reflection coefficient (plasma electroreflectance) is presented. It is shown that the field and spectral dependences of plasma electroreflectance are significant for the determination of a considerable number of semiconductor parameters (that of free carriers, surface parameters, etc.). An oscillatory behaviour of the plasma electroreflectance is predicted when the Debye screening length is small enough with respect to the spatial inhomogeneity length of the light wave.

[Russian Text Ignored].


In Scots pine provenance trials plots of Kazakhstan wood mechanical properties of the most promising for agroforesty provenances were studied. Such index of wood quality as the ratio of the strength limit to wood density is the highest at the provenances from the northern part of steppe zone.


Iris recognition imaging is attracting considerable interest as a viable alternative for personal identification and verification in many defense and security applications. However current iris recognition systems suffer from limited depth of field, which makes usage of these systems more difficult by an untrained user. Traditionally, the depth of field is increased by reducing the imaging system aperture, which adversely impacts the light capturing power and thus the system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper we discuss a computational imaging system, referred to as Wavefront Coded(R) imaging, for increasing the depth of field without sacrificing the SNR or the resolution of the imaging system. This system employs a especially designed Wavefront Coded lens customized for iris recognition. We present experimental results that show the benefits of this technology for biometric identification.


Although arsenic is highly toxic to humans, and indeed most other forms of life, some microorganisms have evolved to tolerate relatively high concentrations of the metalloid, while specialist examples even thrive on the element, using it as a source of energy for growth. This surprising array of microbial processes, together with inorganic and physical processes, constitutes the global arsenic cycle. Even at the low concentrations found in seawater and freshwater (see Vaughan this issue), microorganisms can accumulate arsenic, often to concentrations many times those encountered in the environment they inhabit. For example, in the marine environment, arsenic is normally present as arsenate, and can be taken up by a range of organisms (including phytoplankton, algae, crustaceans and molluscs), methylated and further metabolised into organic compounds, some of which are passed up through the marine food chain. Indeed, the major organoarsenic compound in marine animals is arsenobetaine, but it can be degraded eventually by sediment microorganisms, returning arsenic to the seawater and closing the marine cycle for this element (reviewed in Mukhopadhyay et al. 2002 ). In addition to the trace concentrations of arsenic encountered in most environments, there are areas where arsenic can reach much higher concentrations, due to either anthropogenic pollution or a specific geological setting (e.g. evaporative, hydrothermal, sulphidic or Fe3+-oxyhydroxide–dominated environments). In these environments, specialised bacteria that gain their energy requirements from redox transformations of arsenic have been discovered. The key to generating energy from arsenic lies in its redox chemistry, which is characterised by at least four oxidation states: -3, 0, +3 and +5. However, the predominant forms of inorganic arsenic are +5 (arsenate: H2AsO4 and HAsO4) and +3 (arsenite: H3AsO3 and H2AsO3). Energy is made available to support microbial life from the oxidation of As3+ to As5+, with the electrons from this transformation transferred to a suitable electron acceptor such as nitrate or oxygen. Conversely, under anaerobic conditions, the microbial reduction of As5+ to As3+ can be coupled to the oxidation of organic matter or inorganic electron donors (e.g. hydrogen, sulphide) or both, which also yields energy for growth. A synopsis of these processes is illustrated in FIGURE 1, with the underlying biochemistry (discussed later) also shown.


We analyzed the results of 1st trimester screening for aneuploidy of 618 pregnants (genetic counseling, ultrasonography, PAPP-A, β-hCG). In high risk patients (enlarged NT, nasal bone absence, pathological maternal blood markers) chorion biopsy had been performed. We revealed that «OSCAR» (One Stop Clinic for Assessment of Risk for fetal abnormalities) is of high value for chromosomal defects detecting (sensitivity — 97,6%, false-positive results — 6,8%). The 1st abnormal patterns of maternoplacental circulation are significant in gestosis prognosis.


In the present contribution we present the preliminary results of a black box nonlinear system (NLS) modeling. The NLS is composed by a nonlinear sigmoid-type input-output relationship (NLTF) followed by a linear system (LTI), as in a Hammerstein nonlinear system. Here, the used NLTF is derived from a deformation of the Hyperbolic Tangent power expansion. The advantage of using the hyperbolic tangent function is that nonlinearity depends on the linear and cubic terms that measure curvature (and thus nonlinearity) of the transfer function. The hyperbolic tangent model is extended to other types of nonlinear systems by expanding the nonlinear system in linear and increasingly nonlinear contributions, where the expansion parameters are deformed to enhance or suppress specific nonlinear modes of the expansion. Simulations were performed using Matlab 2012a. The preliminary results show fairly good agreement between the system obtained by parametric inference and a reference system, with mean square error (MSE)=0.035.


In this note, we show how abstract localization and graded versions of the Artin-Rees property may be applied to construct structure sheaves over the projective spectrum Proj(R) of a graded fully bounded noetherian ring R.


UK The market for renewable energy among corporations has been driven by corporate social responsibility (CSR) objectives, continued cost reductions in renewable technologies, and more flexible regulation. As such, corporations have signed agreements to purchase 5.4 GW of clean energy globally in 2017, up from 4.3 GW in 2016. To date, 127 companies have committed to the RE100 initiative, where signatories commit to power 100% of their electricity demand from renewable energy. Liberalized power markets has lead companies headquartered in the U.S. (e.g., Facebook, Google, and Apple) to become the world's leading players in renewable power procurement. Physical/virtual power purchase agreements (PPAs) are now the favored tool for bringing new renewable energy onto the grid but mechanisms, such as green tariffs, renewable energy certificates (RECs), and direct investments also play a role. This paper focuses on REC and explores issues regarding the verification of RECs on the market. In light of the potential fraud (e.g., double counting) of RECs, this paper provides a forward looking proposal to eliminate this issue via the use of blockchain


Abstract : A tool that measures the effectiveness of software project management can be used to identify strengths and weaknesses, and guide improvement to practices in order to increase the chances of project success. The Software Project Management Effectiveness (PME) Metric is one such tool that has shown promise in this area of software engineering. To discover how promising the metric is, nine software practitioners participated in this research and assisted with measuring projects they recently worked on. A strong correlation between the PME metric and project success was identified. The software practitioners also provided feedback on the usefulness and applicability of the PME metric. Seventy-five percent of the software practitioners stated that they would use the metric on the next project they worked on. This research has found that the PME metric should be considered for use by project managers who continuously want to improve and deliver successful software projects.


The rethinking of public policy in response to a rapidly changing world and economic development predetermined the relevance of studying the GR-activities of companies in the 21st century. Due to the fact that business-government relations have an interdisciplinary nature, political scientists need an appropriate methodological toolkit for their thorough study. Most of GR research are narrowly focused, and, as a result, are ineffective, since analyzing GR activities within the framework of one methodological paradigm leaves the consideration of GR as a system and its embeddedness in the political structure behind the scenes. In this regard, the results obtained do not provide either researchers or policymakers with comprehensive information on effective policy-making. The purpose of this article is to try to find a systemic methodology, enabling political scientists to display, describe and analyze GR-activities with the end of putting the findings into practice in order to improve the efficiency of these activities. The author examines the main paradigms and metatheories used by political scientists and argues for synthesizing theoretical and methodological approaches into a unified methodological system for GR research. The author comes to the conclusion that changes in research approaches to political GR research and in the thinking of researchers could potentially help improve the quality and effectiveness of preparing and implementing public and corporate decisions.


The incorporation of a combination of [1] a bromine-releasing flame-retarding compound (e.g., tetrabromobenzene, hexabromobenzene, decabromobiphenyl, decabromodiphenyl oxide, etc.) and [2] chromium naphthenate in a polybutadiene resin, renders the resin flame resistant.


In the United States, sexually transmitted diseases due to Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae continue to be a major public health burden. Screening of extragenital sites including the oropharynx and rectum is an emerging practice based on recent studies highlighting the prevalence of infection at these sites. We reviewed studies reporting the prevalence of extragenital infections in women, men who have sex with men (MSM), and men who have sex only with women (MSW), including distribution by anatomical site. Among women, prevalence was found to be 0.6–35.8% for rectal gonorrhea (median reported prevalence 1.9%), 0–29.6% for pharyngeal gonorrhea (median 2.1%), 2.0–77.3% for rectal chlamydia (median 8.7%), and 0.2–3.2% for pharyngeal chlamydia (median 1.7%). Among MSM, prevalence was found to be 0.2–24.0% for rectal gonorrhea (median 5.9%), 0.5–16.5% for pharyngeal gonorrhea (median 4.6%), 2.1–23.0% for rectal chlamydia (median 8.9%), and 0–3.6% for pharyngeal chlamydia (median 1.7%). Among MSW, the prevalence was found to be 0–5.7% for rectal gonorrhea (median 3.4%), 0.4–15.5% for pharyngeal gonorrhea (median 2.2%), 0–11.8% for rectal chlamydia (median 7.7%), and 0–22.0% for pharyngeal chlamydia (median 1.6%). Extragenital infections are often asymptomatic and found in the absence of reported risk behaviors, such as receptive anal and oral intercourse. We discuss current clinical recommendations and future directions for research.


Understanding the relationship between the microstructures and overall properties is one of the basic concerns for the material design and applications. As a ubiquitous structural configuration in nature, the folded morphology is also widely observed in graphene-based nanomaterials, namely grafold. Recently, a self-folded graphene film (SF-GF) material has been successfully fabricated by the assembly of grafolds and exhibits promising applications in thermal management. However, the dependence of thermal properties of SF-GF on the structural features of grafold has still remained unclear. We here develop an analytical model to describe the thermal transport behavior in SF-GF. Our model demonstrates the relationship between the geometry of grafolds and thermal properties of SF-GF. The predictions of temperature profile and thermal conductivity are well validated by molecular dynamics simulations. Using this model, we further study the evolution of thermal conductivity of SF-GF with the unfolding deformation during stretch. Moreover, the effect of geometrical irregularity of grafolds is uncovered. Interestingly, the predicted transport behaviors of SF-GF under stretch fit some analogous experimental observations reported in graphene-based strain sensor. Our results not only reveal the mechanisms behind some physical phenomenon in the applications of graphene-based devices, but also provide practical guidelines for the property design of SF-GF and other graphene assemblies with folded microstructure.


Potentiometric and electrochemical studies have been carried out with a family of ferrocene redox-functionalised polyamines (L1–L5) and have been directed towards the discrimination, using electrochemical techniques, between the two oxoanions phosphate and sulfate and the electrochemical sensing of ATP. Potentiometric titrations were carried out in THF–water (70∶30 v/v, 0.1 mol dm–3 tetrabutylammonium perchlorate, 25 °C) for L1, L2, L3, L5 and in water (0.1 mol dm–3 potassium nitrate, 25 °C) for L4. Potentiometric data indicate that all receptors studied form stable complexes with sulfate, phosphate and ATP. Distribution for the ternary diagram system sulfate–phosphate–L2 shows pH dependent selectivity patterns; [L2HjSO4]j – 2 species exist at greater than 90% in the pH range 3–4, whereas the corresponding phosphate complexes are the main species in the neutral and basic pH range. The electrochemical studies are in agreement with the speciation results. Sulfate produces in all cyclic receptors maximum cathodic shifts of the redox potential of the ferrocenyl groups around pH 3–4, whereas maximum cathodic shifts for phosphate were found between pH 7 and 8. This behaviour is not observed for the open-chain tetraamine L5. Selective quantitative electrochemical recognition of sulfate and phosphate in the presence of competing anions in aqueous solution has been achieved using the redox-active polyaza ferrocene macrocyclic L2, L3 and L4 receptors. Additionally ATP is able to cathodically shift the oxidation potential of the ferrocenyl groups of L2 and L3 receptors by up to 100 mV. The electrochemical response of L3 against ADP and AMP is also reported.


The ITERA electrical faults cannot be handled quickly by electricians due to the absence of a qualified monitoring system. It is also not possible to purchase a monitoring system with institutional scale because of the high price. Therefore, a low-cost electrical fault detector is designed with current sensor SCT013-000 as main device and communicates over an IP-based network. This detector is integrated with an electrical network information system that can be monitored via a web-browser. The system designed has succeeded in providing information on electrical disturbances with an average delay of 6 seconds and a maximum of 64 seconds when the detector loses its electricity supply. The price for a set of detectors with 2 sensors is around Rp. 249,500, it is relatively cheaper than similar products on the market.


Writing before the contentious Algerian Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation of 2005, Assia Djebar remarks that, "une solution en somme 'à la Nelson Mandela' de l'Afrique du Sud d'aujourd'hui aurait pu se concrétiser" (Le Blanc de l'Algérie). Benjamin Stora similarly probes the parallels between the "first" and "second" Algerian wars, suggesting that the ostensibly mimetic relationship between the two derives, in part, from the ubiquitous framing of the anticolonial war as a binary opposition that simultaneously represses the multiple truths of the war. Boualem Sansal's novel L'enfant fou de l'arbre creux engages with the concept of the TRC, but it shifts the focus beyond reparation to a sustained form of "working upon the past."Sansal's diegesis resists ideological categories and national boundaries, suggesting that a more multifaceted and transnational historiography of the anticolonial war is necessary.


Traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a well known combinatorial optimization problems. Ant Colony Algorithm (AC) is new Heuristic Optimization Algorithm. It is widely used in TSP. Ant Colony System (ACS) is the improvement of AC, but it is still not enough being perfect, WMASC follows this approach and tries to improve the performance of ACS algorithm by improving multiple ants and the worst ant which are allowed to updated global pheromone, adjusting the value of the parameter. The tests show that WMACS is better than ACS.


The Shadow of the Rose Garden is consistently popular in the world-wide selected short stories by readers.The author Lawrence King is adept in making the feeling and setting happily blended.This novel is a typical example of symbolism and synaesthesia.Through analyzing the application of symbolism in The Shadow of the Rose Garden,this article exposes the theme: Superficially,Lawrence wants to show that shadows are everywhere in the life,but in fact he wants to define his position,not to narrate,but to indict the war openly and silently——many families are broken because of it.The separation of lovers does not only in the novel,but its influence is beyond our expectations,and it can even erode the entire human race.


One of the paramount stepping stones towards the long-term goal of undertaking human missions to Mars is the exploration of the Martian moons. In particular, Phobos is becoming an appealing destination for future scientific missions of NASA and ESA. Phobos is a tiny celestial body that orbits around Mars at low altitude. The unique combination of these two characteristics yields the sphere of influence of the moon to be very close to its surface. Therefore, orbital dynamics around Phobos are particularly complex, because many strong perturbations are involved. The classical models of the Keplerian two-body problem, and the circular three-body problem are not accurate enough to describe the motion of a spacecraft in the vicinity of Phobos. In this thesis, the description of the relative orbital dynamics in proximity of this moon is extended to a more accurate nonlinear model. This is undertaken by the inclusion of the perturbations due to the orbital eccentricity and the inhomogeneous gravity field of Phobos. Subsequently, several classes of non-Keplerian orbits are identified, using the analytical and numerical methodologies of dynamical systems theory. These techniques exploit the improved description of the natural dynamics, enabled by the extended model, to provide low-cost guidance trajectories, that minimize the fuel consumption and extend the mission range. In addition, the potential of exploiting artificial orbits with lowthrust is investigated. The performance and requirements of these orbits are assessed, and a number of potential mission applications near Phobos are proposed. These low-cost operations include close-range observation, communication, passive radiation shielding, and orbital pitstops for human space flight. These results could be exploited in upcoming missions targeting the exploration of this Martian moon. Furthermore, the new model can provide evidence to support the accretion theory of Phobos' origin, and to explain the formation of the craters and grooves on Phobos.


For the optimal performance of climate simulation, it is critical to localize physical parameterization schemes of climate models, especially in regions with unique geographic characteristics. To study the performance of different physical parameterization schemes for climate simulation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Basin (UYRB), we conducted short-term simulations with a resolution of 50 km from 1990 to 1993 using RegCM4 driven by ERA-Interim. Simulations with 72 different scheme combinations were conducted and analyzed to identify the optimal cumulus convection schemes (CSs) and the land surface process schemes in the RegCM4 model. Using the multi-standard scoring method, we evaluated the model performance of precipitation and temperature over the UYRB with different physical parameterization schemes. The results show that precipitation is more sensitive to the CSs than the LSPs. Among the selected CSs, the Kain-Fritsch scheme can better reproduce precipitation characteristics of the UYRB, with a wet bias of only 0.2 mm/day for the multi-year average precipitation. Compared to the community land model (CLM 3.5 and CLM4.5), the Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) performs better in reproducing temperature characteristics of the UYRB, with an average cold bias of only 0.2°C for all BATS schemes. The soil moisture, evapotranspiration and precipitation are lower and sensible heat flux is higher in CLM simulations, which can account for CLMs simulating warmer temperatures than BATS. The results provide a baseline for the localization of the RegCM4's parameterization schemes in the UYRB and other regions of China.


Scientific workflow is a special type of workflow for scientists to formalize and structure complex e-Science applications. Many workflow systems have been released to solve problems in special domains. In large collaborative projects, it is often necessary to recognize the heterogeneous workflow systems already in use by various partners and any potential collaboration between these systems requires workflow interoperability. Publish/Subscribe Scientific Workflow Interoperability Framework (PS-SWIF) approach was proposed by author to achieve workflow interoperability among workflow systems. This paper evaluates the PS-SWIF approach and its system to achieve workflow interoperability using Web Services with asynchronous notification messages represented by WS-Eventing standard. In this paper, the author presents quantitative measurements that show that PS-SWIF can scale in a workflow heterogeneous distributed environment by assessing the scalability of the system in terms of notification message loads using large number of machines and different sizes of datasets the system can manage.


This study presents a new mathematical model and a Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP) metaheuristic to solve the ordered cutting stock problem. The ordered cutting stock problem was recently introduced in literature. It is appropriate to minimize the raw material used by industries that deal with reduced product inventories, such as industries that use the just-in-time basis for their production. In such cases, classic models for solving the cutting stock problem are useless. Results obtained from computational experiments for a set of random instances demonstrate that the proposed method can be applied to large industries that process cuts on their production lines and do not stock their products.


The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is classified as an NP-hard problem. Hence exact optimization methods may be difficult to solve these problems in acceptable CPU times, when the problem involves real-world data sets that are very large. To get solutions in determining routes which are realistic and very close to the optimal solution, one has to use heuristics and meta-heuristics. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a GA based meta-heuristic to solve the time dependent vehicle route problem with time windows (TDVRPTW). This algorithm is compared with five other existing algorithms in terms of minimizing the number of vehicles used as well as the total distance travelled. The algorithms are implemented using Matlab and HeuristicLab optimization software. A plugin was developed using Visual C# and NET Framework 4.5. Results were tested using Solomon's 56 benchmark instances (of which 24 instances are used with 4 in each of the 6 problem classes) classified into groups such as C1, C2, R1, R2, RC1, and RC2. For each of the performance measures, through a complete factorial experiment with two factors, it is proved that the proposed algorithm is the best among all the six algorithms compared in this paper.


As the weight is increased by the quantity and size of the members in large scale structures, precast column-beam joints should be designed in consideration of the assembly process. This paper was presented a way to reflect the construction difficulty such as interference of rebar at the end of beam when you design rebar joints and calculation of the length of the embedded steel.


Methods and systems for the analysis of genotyping data are presented. According to various embodiments of methods and systems, an angle configuration search may be performed. In various embodiments, an exhaustive search over the entirety of an angle configuration space may be performed to provide a fit to a plurality of angles determined for a plurality of points in a data set generated from a plurality of biological samples. For various embodiments, the angle configuration space may be defined to ensure that a global fit may be determined. According to various methods and systems, a data base of possible angle configurations may be searched, in which each angle configuration may include three angles. According to various methods and systems, a data base of possible angle configurations may include for each angle configuration a probability that the angle configuration may occur.


The utility model discloses a facility that carries on foundation construction at the position of deepwater and torrent, which is composed of an anchorage system and a self floating steel lagging box fixed in the anchorage system and a steel pile casing welded at the bottom of the steel lagging box. The new facility of the utility model can solve the main problems from four aspects of water flow impact, unsupported height, scouring and location existing in the foundation construction of deepwater and torrent, which can shorten construction period and save construction cost.


The present investigation was conducted to gain insight into women going through abuse in marriage and suicide ideation amongst abused women from middle income group belonging to Chandigarh. The study was conducted on 100 abused women out of which 50 were with children and 50 were without children. Standardized tool namely, t-test was used to compare suicide ideation amongst abused women with children and abused women without children. Percentages were used to assess the number of women going through physical, emotional, sexual abuse and neglect. The objectives of the research were to examine the percentage of women going through physical, emotional, sexual abuse, and neglect and compare suicide ideation amongst abused women with children and abused women without children, The results showed that majority of the sample population was a victim of physical abuse and emotional abuse, it was also found that there were significant differences in suicide ideation among abused women with and without children. Abused women without children reported higher suicidal ideation.


• Threatened abortion: pregnancy with uterine cramping and/or vaginal bleeding; • Inevitable abortion: dilation of the cervical os, allowing for passage of pregnancy tissue;. • Incomplete abortion: passage of some, but not all of, pregnancy tissue; • Complete abortion: passage of all pregnancy tissue; • Missed abortion: retention of the gestational sac within the uterus after fetal or embryonic death with a closed cervix; and • Anembryonic gestation: presence of a gestational sac without expected embryonic development; also known as blighted ovum.


Acknowledgements The fire model is modified in this work for smouldering behaviour; in particular, incorporating a correlation of the velocity of the smouldering front to key parameters such as contaminant type, NAPL saturation, and air mass flux developed from the column experiments. The model couples the multiphase flow code DNAPL3D-MT (Gerhard and Grant, 2007) with the Fire Model (Richards, 1995). Experiments conducted by Pironi et al. (2009) have demonstrated that the propagation rate of the smouldering front is highly dependant on the air mass flux. This is the basis for the analytical expression (Eq. 2) that is used to link the two models as illustrated by Figure 3:


The skeletal remains of a female adult individual from a Romano-British cemetery in Gloucester, England are described. The findings of proportionate dwarfism in the post-cranial skeleton and anomalies in the development and maturation of the teeth and secondary ossification centres suggests a case of pituitary dwarfism. Causes of short stature are considered. The presence of plaques of new bone on the endocranial surface of the skull as a response to infection suggests that tuberculous meningitis could be a potential cause. This specimen is a rare find in paleopathology.


With its high validity and practicality, objective language testing was highly valued in 1970s.Despite the criticism and questioning about it, objective testing has been widely adopted in any large-scale language testing.This paper elaborates its historical and theoretical background, analyzes its advantages and disadvantages, and stresses its right application in language teaching.


Two new chemical abrasion thermal ionization mass spectrometry U/Pb dates establish the age of the top of the Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, at Flat Top (also known as Terrace Hill), north of the Fruita Paleontological Research Natural Area (FP), and of the lower part of the Brushy Basin Member, in the region of the Trail through Time (TT) and Mygatt-Moore Dinosaur Quarry in westernmost Colorado. Strata at both locations preserve a fossil record of large dinosaurs, including bones, dinosaur nests, and trace fossils, as well as fossils of unionid bivalves, fish, turtles, crocodilians, microvertebrates, logs, and other plant material. We report here a new weighted mean 206Pb/238U date of 149.43 ± 0.059 Ma for three zircon grains sampled from a stratigraphic level 99 m above the base of a 101-m-thick Brushy Basin Member FP section and a new weighted mean 206Pb/238U date of 150.208 ± 0.094 Ma for three zircon grains sampled from a stratigraphic level 39 m above the base of a 79-m-thick Brushy Basin Member TT section. These dates place the Brushy Basin strata in the Tithonian Stage of the Upper Jurassic Series. The 149.43 Ma date from Fruita is the youngest reliable date from near the top of the formation. The new dates also indicate a relatively short interval of deposition—less than 1 My—for the upper Brushy Basin Member. Thus, two-thirds of the dinosaur and other vertebrate fossils known from the Morrison Formation represent a biota that existed for only 1 My. However, it is possible that some taxa persisted during some of the time represented by the K-1 unconformity.


Spike-sorting techniques attempt to classify a series of noisy electrical waveforms according to the identity of the neurons that generated them. Existing techniques perform this classification ignoring several properties of actual neurons that can ultimately improve classification performance. In this chapter, after illustrating the spike-sorting problem with real data, we propose a more realistic spike train generation model. It incorporates both a description of "non trivial" (ie, non Poisson) neuronal discharge statistics and a description of spike waveform dynamics (eg, the events amplitude decays for short inter-spike intervals). We show that this spike train generation model is analogous to a one-dimensional Potts spin glass model. We can therefore use the computational methods which have been developed in fields where Potts models are extensively used. These methods are based on the construction of a Markov Chain in the space of model parameters and spike train configurations, where a configuration is defined by specifying a neuron of origin for each spike. This Markov Chain is built such that its unique stationary density is the posterior density of model parameters and configurations given the observed data. A Monte Carlo simulation of the Markov Chain is then used to estimate the posterior density. The theoretical background on Markov chains is provided and the way to build the transition matrix of the Markov Chain is illustrated with a simple, but realistic, model for data generation . Simulated data are used to illustrate the performance of the method and to show that it can easily cope with neurons generating spikes with highly dynamic waveforms and/or generating strongly overlapping clusters on Wilson plots.


The civil war in Somalia has severely affected the diversity of Somalia's cities. Having once been inclusive, they became dominated by certain clans, causing some groups to feel excluded from rights, resources, power, or political life. This chapter explores the role of inclusivity in Somali elite bargains and political settlements, and how inclusivity — treated as a universal concept in the peace-building literature — may need to be contextualized in the Somali setting to fully appreciate its importance in Somali discourse and politics. The chapter considers the question of ethnic or clan inclusion/exclusion, while recognizing that there are many other types of exclusion, most notably along gender lines, that merit attention. Specifically, it focuses on inclusion and exclusion with regard to rights and access to resources and security in major Somali cities.


The application of remote water metering system and its installation in water supply and sewerage design are mainly introduced. The technological comparison of remote water metering system with common water meter is processed. The feasibility and availability of remote water metering system are elaborated, which bring new mode for real estate management in the future.


Chapter 1 situates the contributions of British military officers to the development of field ornithology from the traces and material remnants of their bird collections and specimens housed in museums across the British Empire, especially in Britain. Untangling the avian imperial archive explores how transimperial careers can be written using not only textual sources (e.g., biographies and personal correspondence) but also traces and artifacts of material culture, specifically bird skins as part of the avian imperial archive. By unraveling the avian imperial archive, the contributions of British military officers to the emergence of the field of zoogeography—a branch of biogeography concerned with the distribution of animal species across the globe—are put into sharp relief, illustrating the multiple avian-human entanglements in different parts of the British Empire, including in the Mediterranean. As both a fantasy of empire and a reflection of transient lives, avian scientific specimens in historical geographic research enrich our understanding of the intersections between science, empire, and the military.


Diversities in HIV cytopathicity due to genomic variations may contribute to the differential susceptibility of HIV isolates to inhibition by drugs. The isolation and characterization of HIV has found that there may be some HIV strains in Ghana which may differ significantly from those isolated elsewhere. The in vitro cytopathicity and susceptibility of prototype HIV-1 (HTLV-III(B)) and Ghanaian HIV isolates (GH1 GH2 GH3) to inhibition by ddCyd and ddIno were therefore assessed using the tetrazolium-based colorimetric method. HIV-1 (HTLV-III(B)) caused the most cytopathic effect followed by HIV-2 (GH2). At low multiplicity of infection (MOI) HIV-2 (GH1) was more cytopathic than HIV-1 (GH3) but the reverse was true at high MOI. Using EC90 concentrations for comparison at similar cytopathicities both HIV-1 (HTLV-III(B)) and HIV-1 (GH3) were effectively inhibited by one or both drugs. HIV-2 (GH1) and HIV-2 (GH2) were relatively resistant to inhibition by ddCyd and ddIno.


Introduction. There is ample current research on new methods of treatment for spinal cord infarction. In this respect, in recent years recombinant erythropoietin (REP) has been gaining increasing interest among medical professionals; REP is a drug with proven protective activity in response to ischemia of different organs and tissues including the brain and the spinal cord. We aim to study the dynamics of morphological changes in spinal cord ischemic lesion in rats influenced by REP. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 40 mature rats. The animals were divided into two series of experiment 20 animals each. The first series of animals was the group of comparison with spinal cord ischemia model. In the second series the animals were administered intraperitoneally 1000 international units (0.0084 mg) of REP in 3, 24, and 48 hours. After the animals had been sacrificed, the spinal cord was removed for further histologic and morphometric study. The obtained results were processed using analysis of variance. The statistical significance of differences between compared parameters of the groups was assessed with the Mann-Whitney U test. Results. The study of the spinal cord specimen showed that REP administration results in significantly higher levels of normal neurons and blood vessels, and in significantly lower count of chromatolytic neurons and ghost cells at all stages of experiment. Conclusion. At the early stages of experiment, REP effect increases ischemic tolerance of neurons and enhances the proliferation rate of gliocytes and endotheliocytes with development of a new blood stream.


Recent development of new electronics and microsystem devices, including 3D integration, ultra thin chips, polymer electronics, high temperature electronics and MEMS/NEMS packaging, call for thermo-mechanical material and component characterization for reliability assessment on micro and even on nano scale. Both Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and deformation measurement are increasingly insufficient tools for that purpose as long as they are utilized as stand alone methods. The paper presents conceptional issues how to combine these two tools to make them a more powerful hybrid method. The applied by the authors digital image correlation method (DIC) for deformation measurement on micro and nano scale is briefly introduced. Emphasis is made on measurements based on AFM scans. Subsequently, application examples are referred to, e.g. for microcrack evaluation by combined DIC/FEA analysis as well as for the study of low cycle fatigue behavior of solder balls on BGAs.


This paper introduces a fan accident cause by the bug of flowing circle,analyse the reason and improve the flowing circle.


Greater vividness of visual imagery correlated significantly with improved performance on a task in which 112 subjects generated and tested hypotheses about the rules of three-point perspective (3PP), but not with improvement on a similar task in which another 116 subjects applied previously known rules of two-point perspective (2PP). Given the 100-year history of research finding zero correlation between image vividness and visuospatial reasoning, the 2PP results are interpreted as support for Külpe's thesis that the imageless thinker's existing knowledge of imageless rules allows for the solution of spatial problems, without any construction of visual images. The 3PP results are interpreted as support for Kunzendorf and Reynold's thesis that the vivid imager's construction of test images from newly hypothesized rules allows for the refinement of those imageless rules, with less reliance on overt mistakes for corrective feedback.


A new HbA2 variant, HbA2 Victoria δ24 (B6) Gly→Asp; was identified in a patient with β-thalassemia. Family studies indicated that the mutant δ gene was trans to the gene for β-thalassemia.


A 14 year old patient was referred to the Ultrasound Division of the Department of Radiology at North Shore University Hospital-Cornell University Medical College after being seen by an ophthalmologist 4 days after being punched in the right eye. Physical examination revealed a normal left eye but no light perception on the right. Ophthalmoscopy of the right eye revealed intraretinal hemorrhages, attenuation of the retinal arteries and veins, and


Abstract. In the superpixel literature, the comparison of state-of-the-art methods can be biased by the nonrobustness of some metrics to decomposition aspects, such as the superpixel scale. Moreover, most recent decomposition methods allow setting a shape regularity parameter, which can have a substantial impact on the measured performances. We introduce an evaluation framework that aims to unify the comparison process of superpixel methods. We investigate the limitations of existing metrics and propose to evaluate each of the three core decomposition aspects: color homogeneity, respect of image objects, and shape regularity. To measure the regularity aspect, we propose a global regularity (GR) measure, which addresses the nonrobustness of state-of-the-art metrics. We evaluate recent superpixel methods with these criteria, at several superpixel scales and regularity levels. The proposed framework reduces the bias in the comparison process of state-of-the-art superpixel methods. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed GR measure is correlated with the performances of various applications.