Horizontal violence is widespread in nursing with deep influences. Foreign studies on horizontal violence among nurses are rich in content, including epidemic characteristics, influencing factors, impacts, intervention measures, experiences, etc. However, domestic studies are limited to current situation investigation and influencing factors. Research on intervention measures is very lacking. In this paper, horizontal violence relevant literatures at home and abroad were reviewed, and the epidemiological characteristics, effects and strategies adopted abroad were summarized, to provide references for domestic researches.


To compare the impact of diabetes duration on hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with insulin glargine or NPH insulin.


An analytical solution to the problem of scattering of a plane electromagnetic wave by an array of conducting spheres each coated with a dielectric layer is derived by using the multipole expansion method as well as the vector spherical translation addition theorem. Numerical results are computed and presented graphically for the backscattering cross section of the array.


Ohlins CES Technologies in Jonkoping have in the last 30 years been developing control valves for semi active suspension systems used in the car industry. The system, marketed by Ohlins under the b ...


One of the most exciting challenges in tissue engineering is the complete reconstruction of an organ, with all its components. This depends on finding the most effective combination of stem cells and a biocompatible scaffold, able to support cell proliferation and differentiation, other than a physical structure. During my PhD study, I investigated about the possibility to reconstruct a muscle after severe ablation, and I designed and developed an experimental protocol for the delivery of either muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) or SCs via an injectable and in situ photo-crosslinkable hyaluronan-based hydrogel (HA-PI). Engrafting partially ablated tibialis anterioris (TA) muscles of C57BL/6J mice with freshly isolated GFP+ SCs embedded in hydrogel, I found a huge recovery of muscle mass, when compared to TAs receiving hydrogel+MPCs or hydrogel alone. Moreover, freshly isolated SCs embedded in HA-PI were also able to promote functional recovery, as monitored by contractile force measurements. The latter was associated with generation of both neural and vascular networks and the reconstitution of a functional satellite cell niche. This work constitutes the first realization of an in vivo tissue engineering approach, that hopefully would overcome previous limitations in skeletal muscle tissue engineering.
Following these results, I also focused on finding a subpopulation of SCs, endowed with great capacity of proliferation and migration in the host muscle, and able to promote the best regeneration after damage. SCs were initially considered unipotent stem cells with the ability of generating a unique specialized phenotype. Subsequently, it was demonstrated in mice that opposite differentiation towards osteogenic and adipogenic pathways was also possible. Even though the pool of SCs has been accepted as the major, and possibly the only, source of myonuclei in postnatal muscle, it is likely that SCs are not all multipotent stem cells and evidences for diversities within the myogenic compartment have been described both in vitro and in vivo. In my study, by isolating single fibers from rat flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle, I was able to identify and clonally characterize two main subpopulations of SCs: the low proliferative clones (LPC) present in major proportion (~75%) and the high proliferative clones (HPC), present instead in minor amount (~25%). LPC spontaneously generated myotubes whilst HPC differentiated into adipocytes even though might skip the adipogenic program if co-cultured with LPC. LPC and HPC differed also for mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), ATP balance and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation underlying diversities in metabolism that preceded differentiation. Notably, SCs heterogeneity was retained in vivo. I could conclude that SCs may therefore comprise of two distinct, though not irreversibly committed, populations of cells distinguishable for prominent differences in basal biological features such as proliferation, metabolism and differentiation.


The InAs/Ga1−xInxSb strained‐layer superlattice (SLS) holds promise as an alternative III–V semiconductor system for long wavelength infrared detectors. In this article, we present the first investigation, to the best of our knowledge, of heterojunction photodiodes using this new material. The devices were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb substrates, and are comprised of a 38 A InAs/16 A Ga0.64In0.36Sb SLS used in double heterojunctions with GaSb contact layers. The structures were designed to optimize the quantum efficiency while minimizing transport barriers at the heterointerfaces. The photodiodes are assessed through the correlation of their performance with the SLS material quality and the detector design. X‐ray diffraction, absorption, and Hall measurements are used to determine the SLS material properties. The electrical and optical properties of the photodiodes are determined using current–voltage and spectral responsivity measurements. At 78 K, these devices exhibit rectifying electrical b...


I. INTRODUCTIONKenneth MacLennan was shot to death in his Saint Cloud, Minnesota home on January 14, 2003. ' Kenneth's son, Jason, was charged and later indicted for the first-degree premeditated murder of his father.2 Jason claimed that he suffered from battered child syndrome and acted in selfdefense; accordingly, he asked the court to admit expert testimony on how the syndrome affected his state of mind.3 However, the court did not admit the expert testimony and found Jason guilty, sentencing him to life in prison for first-degree murder.4Similarly, in the early morning hours of December 17, 1992, in the town of Woodland Park, Colorado, fifteen-year-old Jacob Ind brutally murdered his mother and stepfather in their home.5 Jacob first shot Pamela and Kermode Jordan in their bed, and when those efforts failed to kill them, Jacob stabbed Pamela and Kermode several times.6 Jacob finally finished the job with his stepfather's .357 revolver.7 The next day, Jacob voluntarily confessed to the murders and was eventually convicted of murdering the people who had forced him to endure years of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse.8 Jacob was subjected to an adult criminal sentence and was sentenced to life in prison without possibility of parole.9Unfortunately, the circumstances surrounding the brutal murders of Jacob's and Jason's parents and their subsequent sentencings are not unique to Minnesota and Colorado.10 Most states in the United States have made it easier to try juveniles in adult criminal courts.11 This is evident from the fact that all fifty states permit the transfer of children to adult courts in certain situations.12 As a result of this change, the number of juvenile offenders transferred to adult criminal courts has grown significantly.13 The rising number of juvenile prosecutions in the adult criminal courts conflicts with the basic philosophy of the juvenile justice system.14 The juvenile justice system has its origins in the belief that "juvenile offenders, given the appropriate treatment and support, are capable of rehabilitation."15 However, the current trend of charging and sentencing juveniles as adults at increasingly younger ages removes the opportunity for rehabilitation and focuses on punishment.16This Note will focus on how the Minnesota juvenile justice system fails to promote the rehabilitative objectives of the juvenile justice system fully. Minnesota statutes, just like Colorado statutes, which "allow [the state] to directly file charges against juveniles in the adult criminal [courts] and which impose mandatory sentences, do not adequately address the unique legal status or protect the special rights of [juvenile] offenders."17 In the interest of justice and to serve best the rehabilitative goal of the juvenile justice system, this Note will argue that it would be beneficial for Minnesota to adopt measures similar to the Juvenile Clemency Board recently created in Colorado and the recently proposed legislation in Iowa which extends the reach of the juvenile justice system. This Note will not argue for the adoption of the entire juvenile justice system used in either Colorado or Iowa. Rather, this Note will argue for the adoption of specific features of the juvenile justice systems in Colorado and Iowa which will help to promote the goals of rehabilitation.To understand the problems inherent in Minnesota's juvenile justice system and the importance of adopting the Juvenile Clemency Board and extending the reach of the juvenile justice system, it is necessary first to consider the history of the juvenile justice system. Part-of this Note traces the development of the juvenile justice system generally and then specifically in Minnesota, Iowa, and Colorado. Additionally, to explore further the Juvenile Clemency Board in Colorado, Part-traces the development and use of the clemency power in the United States. Part III shifts focus and addresses the efficacy of the current juvenile justice system employed in Minnesota. …


Version anglaise dans la bibliotheque: PanAf Edu : a newsletter from the PanAfrican Research Agenda on the Pedagogical Integration of ICTs; March 2010, v. 2, no. 1


Greenwood's 1 method of incising the iris on both sides of the iris forceps is equivalent to an isolation procedure, such as I recommended in 1927 for old, inflammatory prolapse and incarceration of the iris with danger of sympathetic ophthalmia. The segment of iris not only is thereby cut off from its connection with the rest of the iris, losing its wick effect, but constitutes a useless and nonvital, and under certain circumstances even dangerous, flap. Owing to its shortness, it may slip back, an occurrence which Greenwood tried to prevent by instillation of atropine, thus risking obstruction of the scleral hole and a lighting up of the glaucomatous process. The lowering of tension obtained by Greenwood is attributable to the simultaneously performed sclerectomy, so that in the final analysis his procedure consists of a Lagrange operation, rendered only more complicated and dangerous by his alleged improvement. Fortin, 2 at


Still today, trading card games make up a sizable part of the entertainment industry. However, their tired paper form is being rapidly taken over by digital equivalents. In this paper, we propose a way to reinvigorate interest in physical trading card games by making them more interactive through real-time 3D augmentation. While our ideal application would run on an AR headset such as the Hololens, we build a proof-ofconcept application on a commercially available Android tablet which is able to augment existing Pokemon trading card. We show that using a modern CPU in conjunction with a GPU, this task is entirely tractable on a mobile device with few restrictions.


A distinctive characteristic of the class III heme peroxidases of the plant peroxidase superfamily is the presence of a pentacoordinate quantum mechanically mixed-spin heme state resulting from the admixture of S = 5/2 and S = 3/2 states. This is not observed in class I or II peroxidases and, in fact, is a very rare heme spin state. The corresponding hexacoordinate quantum mechanically mixed-spin state is even more uncommon and has not been observed in heme proteins. The presence of the pentacoordinate form in the class III peroxidases suggested that they could be ideal candidates to display also the six-coordinate quantum mechanically mixed-spin state. With this possibility in mind, the benzohydroxamic acid complexes of the class III peroxidases horseradish isoenzyme C and A2 and soybean peroxidase are studied by electronic absorption, resonance Raman, and EPR spectroscopy at room and low temperatures. The results are compared with those obtained for Coprinus cinereus peroxidase which belongs to class II...


Statistical evidences is presented to show a teleconnection between population density (egg counts) of cotton bollworm (CBW), Helicoverpa armigera Hubner, and ENSO indices during the previous 2.5 years (from January of two years before to the current July). The ENSO indices used were the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies in the five El Nio regions: Nio12 region (N12, 0~10°S,90~80°W), Nio3 region (N3, 5°N~5°S,150°~90°W ), Nio4 region (N4, 5°N~5°S, 160°E~150°W), NioCentral region (NC, 0°~10°S, 90°~180°W) and NioWestern region (NW, 0°~15°N, 130°~150°E). These ENSO indices were correlated with CBW survey data over 26 years (1974~1999) in Yuncheng, 22 years (1978~1999) in Dezhou, Shandong Province and 20 years (1980~1999) in Fengxian, Jiangsu province. We found significant (p005) or highly significant (p001) correlations between changes in CBW populations and ENSO indices. The abundance of CBW eggs was positively correlated with the SST anomaly in the N4 region and negatively correlated with the SST anomaly in NW region and with the SOI. Third generation eggs in Yuncheng and second generation eggs in Fengxian were significantly (p005) correlated with ENSO indices during some months for all regions except N12. The only significant (p005) correlation of egg numbers with SOI was for October of previous year, and the earliest significant (p005) correlation with SST in the NW region was December of two years ago. The earliest month that showed significant (p005) correlation between the third generation eggs of CBW in Dezhou and the SST anomaly in the NW region was November of two years ago, and was April of two years ago with SOI. The earliest significant (p005) correlation for the third generation eggs in Yuncheng and Dezhou was with the SST of April of two years ago in N4, and was with the SST of August of two years ago for the second generation eggs in Fengxian. There was no significant (p005) correlation between the 3rd generation eggs in Dezhou and N12, N3 and NC regions. The above significant SST anomalies were used as key factors to build predictive models for the forecasting of outbreaks of CBW by discriminant analysis. An outbreak was indicated if egg density exceeded the levels used by NATESC for population density of H. armigera in China: 3rd generation eggs were 85 in Yuncheng and Dezhou, or 2nd generation eggs were 500 in Fengxian. Outbreaks were designated as level 1, while lower nonoutbreak densities were level 0 for the purpose of this analysis. Several predictive models for longterm forecasting of the amount of CBW eggs were established using data up to 1994. These were tested for predictive accuracy against 1995~1999 CBW data. The results suggested that the SST anomaly in Nio4 region as the most important factor for forecasting CBW eggs in Fengxian, Yuncheng and Dezhou, but other ENSO indices including SOI showed poor predictive ability. The models are able to make forecasts 15~25 months ahead and had a 70% agreement with historical data (pre 1995) and had a predictive accuracy with 1995~1999 data of 78% (25 of 32 forecasts correct). The possible mechanism for the influence of ENSO on outbreak of H. armigera in China is discussed.


The efficiency of intravascular laser irradiation of blood in children of early age with acute pneumonia is studied. Dynamics of some indices of the immune status, the index of intensity of free-radical oxidation and antioxidant defence, the level of middle sized molecules served as control of the efficiency of conducted therapy. The high efficiency of using laser irradiation of blood in children of given contingent is shown.


The globalization of English has caused its localization. With normative English at the core, China English is used to express the unique things of Chinese society and culture. The influence of the Chinese language in the world is still very limited. Thus, the use of China English is the inevitable choice to strengthen China's foreign exchange and communication with different cultures. Since English is the lingua franca of today's world, the English-speaking countries, as the case stands, are in control of the discourse power in the international exchanges, which has resulted in the inequalities in the cross-cultural communication practices between the English-speaking countries and non-English-speaking countries. The promotion and use of China English are of great strategic significance to ensure the security of Chinese national culture, highlight the cultural discourse power of China and carry out the external dissemination of Chinese culture.


craniotomy per se is of little importance in the development of post-operative epilepsy. Cases of middle cerebral aneurysm are more common in the epileptic group, as would be expected in view of the distribution of the middle cerebral artery to the fronto-parietal regions and the frequent development of a haematoma in the temporal lobe or the sylvian fissure. This is comparable to the higher incidence of post-traumatic epilepsy when the fronto-parietal areas are involved (Caveness and Liss, 1961). The patients with epilepsy in this series are younger than the average age for the whole group, but this is explained partly by a loading of cases of middle cerebral aneurysm in the younger age-groups. Fits following subarachnoid haemorrhage are usually generalized, but any type may occur. At the time of the first fit 80% of the epileptics were not taking anticonvulsants, and the remainder were taking only minimal dosage. Five patients had their first fit more than 18 months after the original illness, and three of these after more than two years. Anticonvulsant therapy should therefore be continued for at least two years, and for those at risk three years. The fits were easily controlled with anticonvulsant therapy; relapses were rare once the patients took the drugs, and, apart from an initial mild midday drowsiness, there were no side-effects from the treatment. Phenobarbitone, 30 mg. b.d., is usually sufficient to prevent the attacks ; if this dose is inadequate it can be raised to 30 mg. t.d.s., and if necessary phenytoin, 100 mg. daily t.d.s., may be added.


Grinding mill drives play an important role in the mining industry. Almost 60% of the electrical energy consumed by modern concentrator plants goes to grinding mill drives. Different technologies are used in grinding systems presenting special characteristics from the electrical and process points of view. This paper presents a technical evaluation and practical experience of two different technologies used in high-power grinding mill drives. The analysis is focused on the static power converter and associated control scheme required to drive the motor. Cycloconverters and load-commutated inverters are analyzed in terms of power grid interaction, motor interaction, and the required control scheme. The evaluation is supported with practical results obtained in different concentrator plant facilities.


The objectives of the study are to reveal the influence of multistage fuel-oxidation chemistry, thermal radiation of soot during the combustion of a small (submillimeter size) fuel droplet, and real gas effects on the operation process of compression ignition engines. The use of the multistage oxidation chemistry of iso-octane in the zero-dimensional approximation reveals the appearance of different combinations of cool, blue, and hot flames at different compression ratios and provides a kinetic interpretation of these phenomena that affect the heat release function. Cool flames are caused by the decomposition of alkyl hydroperoxide, during which a very reactive radical, OH, is formed. Blue flames are caused by the decomposition of H2O2 with the formation of OH. Hot flames are caused by the chain branching reaction between atomic hydrogen and molecular oxygen with the formation of OH and O. So-called "double" cool flames correspond to the sequential appearance of a separated cool flame and a low-intensity blue flame rather than two successive cool flames. The use of a one-dimensional model of fuel droplet heating, evaporation, autoignition, and combustion at temperatures and pressures relevant to compression ignition engines shows that the thermal radiation of soot during the combustion of small (submillimeter size) droplets is insignificant and can be neglected. The use of real gas caloric and thermal equations of state of the matter in a three-dimensional simulation of the operation process in a diesel engine demonstrates the significant effect of real gas properties on the engine pressure diagram and on the NO and soot emissions: real gas effects reduce the maximum pressure and mass-averaged temperature in the combustion chamber by about 6 and 9%, respectively, increases the autoignition delay time by a 1.6 crank angle degree, increase the maximum heat release rate by 20%, and reduce the yields of NO and soot by a factor of 2 and 4, respectively.


Androgen receptor variants (AR‐vs), especially AR‐v7 and AR‐v 5, 6, and 7 exon‐skipped (AR‐v567es), are reportedly key players in the development of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We previously established a mouse xenograft model (JDCaP) from a metastatic skin lesion from a Japanese patient with CRPC and that was revealed to exhibit androgen sensitivity. In the present study, we established multiple castration‐resistant xenograft models from JDCaP mice to investigate the biological features of CRPC.


The conceptions, explicit or not, that exist of mathematical education, as well as of its links with humanity and with reality itself, include particular believes about knowledge within the framework of the teaching/learning of mathematics. In this theoretical/reflexive work, we discuss part of the nature of the knowledge at the core some of the theoretical-methodological currents of Mathematical Education, and particularly, at the core of a critical mathematical education for the context of Venezuelan society, and possibly for Latin America. The descriptions of the functions of mercantilist, hegemonic-technocratic and humanistic knowledge in mathematical education do not permit, from our perspective, to contribute elements for a liberating education.


The invention discloses a making process of fast-food alkali-free hand-pulled noodles. The making process comprises the following steps: (1) material preparation; (2) dough making; (3) curing; (4) coiling strings; (5) big string hand-pulling; (6) small string hand-pulling; (7) racking; (8) noodle making; (9) low-temperature and low-speed drying; (10) cutting off and packaging. The making process is characterized in that the low-temperature and low-speed drying process in the step (9) comprises the following steps: a, shaping and initial drying: drying noodles in low temperature and at low speed in a drying chamber of which the temperature is 45-50 DEG C and the relative humidity is 55-65% for water removal till the water content is 40-45%; b, softening: homo-dispersing and spreading the noodles on a noodle shelf, covering the noodles with a piece of ventilate and dry white cotton cloth, and softening for 3-5 h under the condition that the relative air humidity is 20-25% and the temperature is 12-15 DEG C; c, shaping and drying: gradually increasing the temperature to be 35-40 DEG C at the speed of 1-2 DEG C, keeping the temperature, removing water, drying for 3-5 h and controlling the relative air humidity to be 10-13%. The noodles made by the process are tough and chewy, have low probability of breakage and taste good.


Abstract
From a variety of human malignant neoplasms it is possible to prepare by acid extraction and chromatography a fraction with peak "antigenic" activity in the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test for cancer. The activity is related to the presence of tryptophan. An analysis of the most active material so far prepared suggests important differences from myelin basic protein and from histones.


Helicobacter pylori is an important pathogen inhabiting the human stomach. H. pylori binds plasminogen, a 90 kDa glycoprotein secreted by liver cells, and utilizes it for enhancing virulence. Surface receptors on the bacteria recognize plasminogen that is then activated into plasmin by host factors. The active plasmin can degrade a range of host proteins including proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the complement system and IgG. This in turn enhances the virulence of the pathogen and decreases complement-mediated killing. In this study, we investigated the interaction between plasminogen and the different H. pylori plasminogen binding proteins. Previously, seven different plasminogen binding genes were identified in our lab and cloned into pET26b for expression in E. coli BL21 (DE3). Another important goal was to create deletion mutants of the seven candidate genes in H. pylori to perform functional studies on bacterium-plasminogen binding. We identified Hpg 1, 5 and 6 and PgbA as proteins with highest binding affinity to plasminogen by ELISA and biolayer interferometry, whereas Hpg 2, 3 and 4 bound plasminogen with low affinity. Two different H. pylori strains were incubated with plasminogen, which was activated by urokinase Plasminogen Activator (uPA) and the degradation of the complement molecules C3b and C5 as well as IgG was studied. The assays revealed that the plasmin bound by H. pylori still degraded all three tested substrates in a time-dependent manner. We were successful in making mutants for Hpg1, 6 and PgbA plasminogen binding genes. Taken together, this study provides new insight into the role of plasminogen-binding proteins in the virulence of H. pylori. (Less)


Objective To explore the wound observation and nursing after transradial intervention.Methods The wound observation and nursing of 221 cases who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention were summarized.Results 205 cases had no wound complications,with 6 cases of subcutaneous hematoma,5 cases of the right hand swelling,3 cases of oppressive blister,1 case of the right upper arm swelling and 1 case of radial artery occlusion.All cases were cured after symptomatic treatment.Conclusion Careful observation and timely and correct treatment are very important for wound nursing of the patients undergoing radial artery puncture.


Two-dimensional polyaniline with structural unit C3N is an indirect semiconductor with 0.4 eV band gap, which has attracted a lot of interest because of its unusual electronic, optoelectronic, thermal, and mechanical properties useful for various applications. Adsorption of adatoms is an effective method to improve and tune the properties of C3N. Using first-principles calculations, we investigated the adsorption of adatoms, including H, O, S, F, Cl, B, C, Si, N, P, Al, Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, on C3N. Depending on the adatom size and the number of valence electrons, they may induce metallic, half-metallic, semiconducting, and ferromagnetic–metallic behavior. In addition, we investigate the effects of an electrical field, charging, and strain on C3N and found how the electronic and magnetic properties are modified. Semi- and full hydrogenation are studied. From the mechanical and thermal stability of C3N monolayer, we found it to be a hard material that can withsta...


In this paper singular H/sub /spl infin// suboptimal control for a class of two-block interconnected nonlinear systems is addressed. Under the assumption that the regular H/sub /spl infin// suboptimal control problem is solvable for one of the blocks, an auxiliary nonlinear system is defined. Then it is shown that a feedback solution to the singular H/sub /spl infin// suboptimal control problem for the auxiliary system also applies to the original problem. An explicit feedback solution is given for a special case when the auxiliary system can be strongly input-output decoupled. Application to the special case when one of the system blocks is passive is considered.


We propose a novel block address allocation method, called the nested buddy system, which can make use of wasted areas in the classical buddy system due to internal fragmentation. While achieving high utilization of address space, our new scheme supports efficient address matching for routers in packet forwarding and for network middleboxes in packet filtering. Specifically, the scheme uses just one prefix rule for each allocated address block in a packet routing/filtering table. We show by analysis and simulation that the increased address utilization can lead to significant reduction in the probability of a denial-of-service under bursty address allocation requests. In contrast, the classical buddy system requires the aggregation of many requests over time to smooth out demand, resulting in service delays undesirable to end users. Our solution is applicable to ISPs in serving mobile users carrying many network connected IoT devices and IasS providers in the cloud in serving tenants with dynamically varying demands for network addresses.


Recently, many interactive artworks produce through convergence of art and scientific technology. Artists or designers should cooperate with other areas for analysis in order to share database. According to these requirements, In this study, we analyze Kandinsky`s works which are more emphasis on subject area than the emphasis to background area by using a number of colors, faces, and brightness levels. Due to this approach, it determines how to represent for stable screen composition attracting viewer`s eyes. As a result, the subject area has more a number of colors, faces, and brightness levels than the background area. In addition, we produce the interactive artwork based on the analyzed data. According to the requirement of convergence and collaboration in the historical background, this study will be able to contribute to make the collaboration by sharing common information between artists and professionals in other areas. In addition, it is expected that other production makers who do not have the background of arts education will be able to configure the visual screen.


The State of Florida implemented its welfare reform program entitled Work and Gain Economic Self Sufficiency (WAGES) in October, 1996. Key elements of the program are a two-year limit on cash benefits with a lifetime limit of four years. Within a year, that program's philosophy was emulated at the federal level, and within two years, the State reported that more than 60,000 families had moved off of welfare. This article attempts to discern whether these families are more likely to obtain 'quality health care' as a result of these changes.


Phospholipases A(2) enzymes are found in many biological sources, including snake venoms. Here we reviewed aspects of PLA(2)s including biological and structural features, interaction with binding receptors, inhibitors used on structure-function relationship studies and highlighting the mechanism of action and role of the snake venom PLA(2)s products, the lysophosphatidylcholine.


Front matter Preface Contents Basic concepts of high-performance liquid chromatography Instrumentation Preparation, testing, and selectivity of stationary phase materials Selection of the eluent Separation based on an improved column efficiency Influence of physical chemistry on separations in liquid chromatography Subject Index


A double pipe type internal heat exchanger is provided to minimize the pressure loss of coolant by setting connectors on both ends of the outer pipe so as to expand the flow path of coolant flowing in and out of the outer pipe. A double pipe type internal heat exchanger(100) comprises an inner pipe(110) forming a low pressure channel for low temperature and low pressure coolant, an outer pipe(120) which is combined on the outer circumference of the inner pipe and forms a high pressure channel for high pressure and high temperature coolant, and inlet and outlet pipes(125,126) for letting the high pressure and high temperature coolant in and out of the outer pipe, and a connector(130) which is installed between the outer pipe and the inlet and outlet pipe to enlarge the flow path of coolant flowing in and out of the outer pipe.


A study of flow in two stationary models of two-pass internal coolant passages is presented, which focuses on the heat transfer characteristics in the two-pass coolant channel. Heat transfer measurements were made with a transient technique using thermochromic liquid crystal technique to measure a surface temperature. The technique allows full surface heat transfer coefficient measurements on all the walls. The coolant passage model consisted of two square passages, each having a 20 hydraulic diameter length, separated by a rounded-tip web of 0.2 passage widths, and connected by a sharp 180 deg bend with a rectangular outer wall. Ribs were mounted on the bottom and top walls of both legs, with a staggered arrangement, and at 45 deg to the flow. The rib height and spacing were 0.1 and 1.0 passage heights, respectively. The measurements were obtained for Reynolds numbers of 25000, 50000 and 70000. One geometry is equipped with extraction holes to simulate holes for film cooling. Two series of holes are placed solely in the bottom wall, 4 holes are located in the bend, and 12 in the downstream leg. The global extraction through the holes was set to 30%, 40% and 50% of the inlet massflow. This paper presents new measurements of the heat transfer in the straight legs, and in the bend of the passage. It shows the influence of Reynolds number and extraction on full surface measurements and area averaged results.


This study investigates the possibility of utilizing parody as a method of novel education. For that purpose, this study subjected 『A day of Gu-boo, a novelist』, 「Yeol-Ha-Il-Gi」and 「Keum-O-Shin-Hwa」 by Choi, In-hoon. As the parodies of Choi, In-hoon are based on classic novels, the titles are familiar. Therefore, it will help learners focus on keeping a critical distance from the original works. 「Keum-O-Shin-Hwa」 adopted the phantom of the original work and embodied the tragic and ideological characters under the situation of South and North Korea which were uneasy to face at the time. 「Story of Ong-Go-Jip」presents the reality of petty bourgeois who have been dragged to the outsider by having appearance of 'another ego' of Ong-Go-Jip, the head of a house without a job. 『A day of Gu-bo, a novelist』, is a parody in which the flow of cognition is well presented. It reveals the author's character of post-colonization. While Gu-bo appeared in the original work of the 1930s by Park, Tae-won was biased to personal affairs, Choi, In-hoon describes Gu-bo as a man who reflects the spirit of the time. He cool-headedly criticizes the social and historic absurdities. These reading could be linked to novel writing after being learned. 「Keum-O-Shin-Hwa」 and 「Story of Ong-Go-Jip」 are short length stories and it could be guided how to write by teaching the method of fantasy novel writing as learners have a great attention on fantasy novels. 『A day of Gu-bo, a novelist』 could be used for group novel writing for group studying. In this case, through producing several parody texts in a class, students could reflect their ego on the characters. Through the process, the procedure of self-esteem building could be explored.


The tiling design for oligonucleotide microarrays consists of overlapping probes that provide uniform covering of the genomic sequence. Their hybridization with RNA samples, allow to assess the transcriptional activity of the whole genome of organisms such as bacteria and yeasts with high resolution. The problem of the analysis of these data is naturally stated in terms of finding segments where the hybridization signal is relatively constant, delimited by breakpoints that are expected to correspond to biological features such as promoters, terminators or splicing sites. A variety of tools including local non-parametric smoothing and simple iterative hypothesis testing have been proposed to answer this question. Today the most popular and best statistically grounded model is the piecewise constant model with Gaussian noise. The simplicity of this approach is appealing but its use presents a number of specific difficulties, the two most obvious being the choice of the number of segments and the high time complexity of the algorithm. In principle, embedding the segmentation model in a probabilistic setting that includes not only the noise but also the evolution of the signal can alleviate the need for the choice of a fixed number of breakpoints. In this context the problem states as the estimation of a parameter and the reconstruction of the underlying signal trajectory can integrate the uncertainty on the exact number of breakpoints. This idea stimulated the development of Hidden Markov models (HMMs). However, transcript level is a continuous quantity and none of the proposed models is satisfactory when the underlying signal is continuous. A HMM achieving this aim at a computationally affordable cost will be presented here. The proposed model is also markedly richer than the piecewise constant model. First, it automatically accounts for differential affinity between probes via the introduction of covariates. This allows to achieve segmentation and within-array normalization in one step. Second, our model also relaxes the assumption of strictly constant underlying signal between abrupt " shifts " by also allowing progressive " drift " .


Within this work, polypropylene and polystyrene bonded chipboards (at the level of 30 % and 50 % share of thermoplastic) were produced. Physical and mechanical properties of obtained chipboards were tested. Results were related to urea-formaldehyde bonded boards. Chipboards bonded with thermoplastics, with similar average density and density distribution in general characterize by decrease of strength properties when compared to traditional chipboards. However, especially boards with higher ratio of thermoplastics, characterize by better water resistance.


The purpose of this research aimed to study factors effecting on fatigue of strokes' caregivers. The samples were 112 strokes' caregivers at outpatient department of Nakhon Phanom Hospital. Data was collected during August 2013 to March 2014. Research tools included demographic data record; fatigue questionnaire assessment was tested for reliability and content validity that equal 0.88, and 0.85. Maudsley Personality Inventory, Suanprung Stess Test, and Activity Daily Living Index were tested reliability that equal 0.84, 0.89, and 0.97 respectively. Data analysis used descriptive statistic, chi-square, pearson product moment correlation, and stepwise regression. The research results revealed that; 1) Fatigue mean score of strokes' caregiver personnel was 43.92 (S.D. = 9.35). 2) Stress, neuroticism-stability and extraversion-introversion were significantly positive correlation with fatigue (r = 0.60, p = 0.000; r = 0.55, p = 0.000; and r = 0.46, p = 0.000, respectively). All of variables accounted for 46.70 of the variance explained in the fatigue of stroke's caregiver.


Inequalities in human capital most often affect other spheres of life. It is people who create innovation, so the unequal distribution of human capital and innovation in the regions leads to development disparities between regions. This, in turn, is a force inhibiting the achievement of higher levels of prosperity at the national level. The existing studies mainly focus on the assessment of disparities in development between countries. Although understandings of mechanisms of regional disparities, i.e., assessment of how and whether disparities are disappearing or widening under current socio-economic conditions is crucial to economic stability and cohesion, the problem of determinants of development and the pace of development between regions has rarely been studied in the economic literature. The purpose of the article, therefore, is to show how quickly weaker regions are catching up with more developed regions and that regional disparities are mainly the result of uneven human capital accumulation. The authors wonder if human capital in the regions is used similarly to create innovation. Hence, they examine the rate of development of these two relationships. The research: (1) determines the pace of development and adjustment processes by using the dynamic time warping method, (2) discovers if human capital is the main driver of regional disparities and is fully utilized in the creation of innovativeness.


Objective:To observe the clinical effect and safety of UK and edaravone in treatment of acute cerebral infarction.Methods:14patients with acute cerebral infarction were given UK and edaravone;52patients with acute cerebral infarction were given multiple therapies with traditional Chinese medicine and edaravone.Results:In the treating group the total effective rate was higher than that of the control group.After treatment the inprovement degree of neurofunctional deficits in the treating group was more significant than that of the control group(P0.01).Conclusion:UK and edaranove is an effective method for treatment of acute cerebral infarction.


The topic of Communities of Practice and their use, character and potential in a development context has waxed and waned in prominence in discussions amongst development practitioners since its heyday in the mid-late 1990s. Over the past 20 years, there has been a dramatic increase in interconnectivity and a related wave of social networking tools that have truly transformed the degree and variety of ways individuals, organisations, networks and communities interact, enabled by a continued rapid expansion of computing power and technological innovation.


The QR code designed for storage application and high speed reading application. These QR codes gives large number of applications like information storage, redirection to websites, track and trace application, Identification of products etc. Most of the graphical codes are accessed by anyone by using code readers. But there are some proposed approaches about private message sharing using QR codes. This paper examines different approaches for private message sharing and document authentication using QR codes. They are using technique like embedding secret data in error correction code words. Reed-Solomon codes are used for preventing modification attack, it gives a robust hiding mechanism. Information storage capacity is increased by using contextual awareness system concept. For authentication print and scan process have a larger impact. Textured pattern images, Pattern recognition, pixel value comparison are used for authentication application.


A third of the world's population don'f have enough water. Paula Hammond introduces an assembly on a day that raises awareness to this


Taking the NC reforming of CA6140 lathe as an example,the paper introduces the design principle of traversing feed system in lathe,which mainly includes power performance calculation and design,ball screw selection,assembly method and assembly drawing.


The leakage current of a polluted insulator not only depends on pollution degree and damped situation, but also depends on insulator shape, insulator string length, operation voltage etc. This paper studies the relationship between the leakage current and factors such as the pollution degree, the damped state of contamination, the shape of insulator, the operation voltage, etc. Based on the above research, a method to determine the warning value of leakage current is proposed.<<ETX>>


This study explores the role of pension-plan real estate investment in an asset-liability framework. By assuming that the pension-plan manager wishes to have assets of at least equal value to the liabilities at all points in time, an asset selection process is derived which depends on both the asset's covariance with other assets and its covariance with the liability stream. We generally find real estate not to be highly correlated with pension-plan liabilities. This finding is of general interest, since it helps to explain why pension-plan real estate investment is extremely limited and much smaller than one would expect if pension-plan investors cared only about the mean and variance of the real return to their invested wealth. Copyright American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association.


Abstract This study focused on the development of woven structures based on leno weave with tailored performance properties. To achieve this objective, pure leno and hybrid leno weaves were used to produce woven fabrics. In hybrid weaves, leno weave was combined with 1/1 plain, 3/1 twill, and 2/2 matt weaves, and 12 samples were produced with three different weft thread densities. The multifilament polyester yarn was used as warp and weft material. The characterization of physical and mechanical properties showed that comparable tensile properties were achieved by leno and hybrid weave fabrics, but the hybrid structures offered lower resistance to puncture as compared to pure leno fabrics. A multi-response optimization technique was used to determine the best sample under a particular set of conditions.


ABSTRACT Social media has become an almost ubiquitous method of communication and engagement, not only in the information sector but right across the increasingly digitalized world. Likewise, it has played a large role in the development of fourth-wave feminism and in movements such as #YesAllWomen, #FreeTheNipple and #MeToo, as well as in calls for improvements to the representation of gender in media. This paper draws together both aspects in order to critique and reflect upon the current usage of social media as it pertains to the representation of gender in UK university libraries, archives and special collections. It explores the challenges of utilizing such media for academic institutions deeply rooted in discourses of authority and heteronormative patriarchal power. It uses a sample of social media posts to foreground and examine a number of successes and shortcomings, with discussions informed by critical theory. In particular, foundational texts of feminist theory, such as Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own (1929) and Black Looks: Race And Representation (1992) by bell hooks, are used to frame explorations of gender and intersectionality in university collections; ultimately seeking to discover how information professionals may better represent the diverse nature of their collections on social media platforms.


Based on the latest Urumqi city's air pollution datum in recent years,the characteristics of air quality different years and spatial distribution were analyzed.Each pollutant variation law daily and monthly variation was statistic in 2008.The results showed that the regulation of pollutant for time change and special distribution was obvious.Pollutant concentration was greater in winter and spring than summer and autumn.PM_(10) and SO_2 were highest.The NO_2 concentration increased gradually from north to south.


Military networks can be divided into two main areas. The strategic network, usually made up of fixed locations, is typically the main collection point for information and subsequent analysis. The other primary network, the tactical network, is the dynamic environment that our front line warfighters use in the changing battlefront. There is critical need for information to pass between any given sets of nodes across these networks efficiently. Unfortunately, these networks are often a hodge-podge of sub-networks patched together to perform critical tasks. This paper introduces a middle-ware protocol that can be used for locating distributed information in both the strategic and tactical military environments. We narrow our focus on developing a new peer-to-peer overlay that will allow implementation over a heterogeneous environment that consists of various off-the-shelf and proprietary hardware. Along with the effort to provide a method for seamlessly connecting all networked components, we propose that the solution be fault tolerant and adjustable given the highly mobile environments found throughout the strategic and tactical fronts.


We surveyed house staff who had participated in a trial that compared influenza vaccination strategies for inpatients. House staff who were exposed to computer-generated vaccination orders were more likely to report that they recommended vaccination to their inpatients and outpatients, compared with house staff who were not exposed to a vaccination intervention. Also, house staff did not recognize regnant women as a high-priority population for influenza vaccination.


In this article, we introduce the notion of strongly π-regular module which is a generalization of von Neumann regular module in the sense [13]. Let A be a commutative ring with 1≠0 and X a multiplication A-module. X is called a strongly π-regular module if for each x∈X, 〖(Ax)〗^m=cX=c^2 X for some c∈A and m∈N. In addition to give many properties and examples of strongly π-regular modules, we also characterize certain class of modules such as von Neumann regular modules and second modules in terms of this new class of modules. Also, we determine when the localization of any family of submodules at a prime ideal commutes with the intersection of this family.


It was evaluated the fermentative profile of sugarcane silage treated or not with calcium oxide, the experiment two, evaluate intake, the apparent digestibility and the performance of cattle fed on to different diets constituted of 60% on the follow roughage in the dry matter (DM) basis: corn silage (CS); in natura sugar cane (INC); in natura sugar cane for the first two feeding periods and corn silage at the final feeding period (INC/CS); untreated sugar cane silage (CS 0%); 0,4% calcium oxide treated sugarcane silage (CS 0,4%) and 0,8% calcium oxide treated sugar cane silage (CS 0,8%) based on natural matter. At experiment one, were made 15 experimental silos, five per treatment (CS0%, CSO,4% and CS 0,8%), that were opened after 41 days of fermentation. The dry matter recovery on the sugar cane silage presented quadratic comportment, being the maximum value 94,02% estimated at the treated silage with 0,81% calcium oxide. The gas loss presented straight decreasing comportment according with the calcium oxide level raise. The yeast population presented quadratic comportment, being the lower population 3,32 ufc/g of fresh forage estimated at the 0,39% calcium oxide treatment. At experiment 2, was used 30 crossbred cattle Zebu-European, with 24 to 36 months and with average body initial weight 343±7,0 kg. The experiment was accomplished at completely randomized design, with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The experiment was divided in three periods of 28 days. The diets digestibility were evaluated at the final experimental period, using the indigestible neutral detergente fibrer (iNDF) to evaluate the fecal excretion. The DM intake, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergente fiber (NDF) and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) were higher (P<0,05) for fed animals with corn silage diets. The animals fed with in natura sugar cane and INC/CS presented higher (P<0,05) DM, OM, EE, NDF and NFC intake than those fed with sugar cane silage. The diets with corn silage presented lower (P<0,05) digestibility coefficients for DM, OM and NFC than the in natura sugar cane diets. The digestibility of the DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF and NFC at the sugar cane silage untreated and treated with 0,8% calcium oxide were the same. The treated sugar cane silage diet with 0,4% calcium oxide presented lower OM and NDF digestibility than the CS0% and CS0,8% diets. The corn silage fed animals presented daily medium weight gain greater (P<0,05) than the other treatments animals. The medium daily weight gain that received INC/CS was lower


We study spacetime thermodynamics for non-equilibrium processes. For this purpose, we generalize the formulation of spacetime thermodynamics constructed independently by Jacobson and Padmanabhan, in which the Einstein equation is derived as the equation of state. Based on the generalized formulation, we reach the same picture and results as the black hole membrane paradigm, in which, to an external observer, a black hole appears to behave exactly like a dynamical fluid membrane. Using this generalized formulation, we construct the first law of spacetime thermodynamics for non-equilibrium processes in f(R) gravity. We find that the coefficients of the expansion and shear terms are equal to the viscosities of the membrane paradigm, and that a new term appears, which can be interpreted as another heat term.


Human Resource Development constitutes both genders; male and female of a country. Man alone cannot take the role of socio-economic development of a country without women. Women are an important ingredient put in the socio-economic development of the country. Nearly half of the world population is constituted by women and women are part and parcel of Human Resource Development. If we have desire to develop then women are to be developed beforehand. But very unfortunately in all societies, women are considered inferior to their male counterparts. In the developed countries, women are somewhat in the growth process attaining the objective of equality and human development. But this is not supported by the experience of the underdeveloped or Third World country. We can look at the historical facts of the women and their role in a society, though it is clear that gender is much neglected, women do play a great role in the past and the present. The international, national and state scenario of women status proved that women are also an important factor of the development of a country and their role is remarkable. Development is incomplete without women's participation and contribution. Key words: Women, Manipuri women, Human Resource Development, Manipur


Code Global no. rating Report of adverse mental changes 195 3 Labile, provocative, painful breasts, dull, weeping. 70 2 Bad humour, tired, much eating, slept badly, used to have ups and downs. 101 2 Febrile, weeping, tired, down. Even after medication. 135 2 Tired, uncomfortable, especially in the mornings, pimples in the face, weight gain. 176 2 Feeling very angry during the whole period, headache one week, felt sick. 196 2 Labile, easily irritable, always hungry. 200 2 Unusually much ups and downs, bleeding all the time. 296 2 Cold sweat all the time, sickness in the beginning, appetite increase, somewhat irritable. 7 I Very irritable at the second tablet period, "bite and fight". 16 I Sickness, weight gain, much to do, tired. 24 lIst month tired, tender breasts, aches all over. znd month o.k. 72 lIst month irritable, uncomfortable, tired, sick premenstrually. snd month o.k. 87 I Sickness and vomiting at first tablet, dry skin. 114 I More nervous than usual. "Private reasons". 124 I Mother in law irritating. Much work. 156 I 'Weight gain, appetite increase, rather tense. External problems. 187 I Unusual feeling in stomach. Tired before an examination. 216 I Stable but dull. 236 I Much sweating, difficulties in relaxing, no worse mood. 254 I Swollen breasts, big appetite. Sickness, stressed. 255 I Worsened headache, impatient, often hungry. 268 I Much headache in the beginning. Frequent meals, tired. 287 I Tired. Appendectomy.


Introduction : Ischemic preconditioning provides protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion Injury. Exercise training is a condition for ischemic preconditioning by attenuating of stress oxidative could decrease infarction size after ischemia reperfusion. The aim of study was to study the protective effect of high intensity interval training on stress oxidative and myocardial infarction–induced ischemia -reperfusion injury in male wistar rats. Methods: 20 male wistar rats were randomly assigned in control (Con; n=10) and high intensity interval training (HIIT; n=10). Exercise training was done for 8 weeks, 5 days per week and lasted 30 min per session. Intense interval training consists of 10 intervals of the running with an intensity of 90% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2 max) for 2 min and 1 min of running with 50% VO 2 max. 72 hr after last training session, animals were underwent surgery, and coronary occlusion was achieved by blocking aorta; for 30 min followed by a 120-min period of reperfusion. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Myocardial infarct size  were measured. Results: Results showed that there was no significant difference between HIIT and Control in GPX and MPO activity following ischemia-reperfusion (P≥0.05). However, CAT activity (P=0.004) and GSH content (P=0.006) significantly were higher in HIIT than control. Also, MDA concentration was greater in HIIT than control (P=0.006). While, myocardial infarct size significantly was lesser in HIIT than control (P=0.004). Conclusion: based on the results, it can be said that high intensity interval training can prevent myocardial infarction following ischemia-reperfusion by preconditioning via improving some antioxidant factors, and could been considered as important precautionary method in myocardial infarction events.


The dispute on the origin,definition and classification of ophiolites has lasted for two hundred years.In the early period,ophiolite was interpreted as a rock assemblage which was developed from a consanguineous igneous process and intruded into the axial part of the geosynclines.In the plate tectonics,it is regarded as the relic of the subducted oceanic plates produced in the middle ocean ridges.However,based on tens of years' studies,people have found that factors affecting the origin of the ophiolites are varied,and a new definition and new classification of the ophiolites have been put forward recently.This new definition emphasizes the tectonic setting in which the ophiolites were developed,and argues that ophiolites with different characteristics could have been developed at every stage of the Wilson cycle.The new classification is based on the tectonic environment in which the ophiolites were developed.Two groups have been classified,i.e.,subduction-related ophiolites and subduction-unrelated ones.The two groups could be divided into several subgroups respectively.All these ophiolites have their own characteristic geochemical and petrological indexes and internal structures.Recent studies also reveal the main periods in which the ophiolites originated were consistent with the development and breakup of the super-continents and superplumes.Some recent studies also show that some pre-Cambrian greenstones should belong to the ophiolites based on the new classification.This means that the plate tectonic movement occurred during the Archean.The new definition and new classification point to the new direction for the study of ophiolites.


The concept of the Plan Development Process is based on the possibility of application of the Unifi ed Process methodology on urban planning process. Viewed as a way of organization of planning tasks, the urban planning process may be analyzed in the area of complex process management, particularly the area of software development management which gave rise to some of the most advanced methodologies for arrangement of tasks and standards pertaining to formal methodologies for defi nition and implementation of program solutions. Complex process management and urban planning face problems of similar complexity. The Unifi ed Process methodology is one of the most successful methods for the organization of software development process. Through the application of the Unifi ed Process methodology on urban planning process, the concept of plan development was formulated, as a methodology for contemporary planning process and the corresponding metamodel as the fi nal level of abstraction bringing together all knowledge of a given domain.


Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship of knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), general characteristics associated with CPR and attitude toward CPR by college students. Method: The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design with a convenience sample...


Soil desaturation is a potential solution for the mitigation of soil liquefaction. In this paper, triaxial undrained compression and extension tests were carried out on loose sand samples with degrees of saturation ranging from 88% to 100% to study the effect of degree of saturation on the stress-strain or static liquefaction behavior. The test results show that, as the degree of saturation reduces, the stress-strain behavior experiences a transition from strain softening to strain hardening and an improvement in the undrained peak strength. These test results demonstrate that the desaturation is effective for the enhancement of static liquefaction resistance under undrained conditions.


Objective To explore pre-service training model and its efficacy for medical undergraduate interns.Methods Anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted for 50 medical undergraduates by teaching management staff.Results Totally 62% students thought that pre-practice training was necessary,62% students commented that the arrangement of this pre-practice training was reasonable and feasible,more than 95% students supported the content and form of this training and more than 95% students believed that pre-practice training can culture the sense of organizational discipline,foster favorable doctor-patient relationship and promote clinical knowledge and skill acquisition.In general,medical undergraduates had high degree of recognition after systematic training.Conclusion A set of standardized pre-practice training programs should be summarized and constantly be refined and improved so as to ensure the training quality.

Key words:
Undergraduate intern;  Pre-practice training;  Efficacy evaluation


The works of Jean-pierre Vernant constitute an valuable instrument for the studies about classical antiquity. One of the main Hellenists of our days, he has contributed decisively for the reflection about the mythic thought and the emergence of ancient Greek rationality. In this paper we will deal with some aspects of his academic and intellectual trajectory, discussing theoric and methodologic elements which mark his work. Key-words: reason, mith, religion.


Poster: "ESSR 2013 / P-0020 / When compared to pre-contrast MR images assessing tumors following neoadjuvant therapy, does gadolinium-enhanced MR change diagnosis or reader confidence?" by: "P. D. Afonso1, C. Spritzer2; 1Lisboa/PT, 2Durham, NC/US"


This is the first semi-annual progress report for the program "Integrated High Temperature Coal to Hydrogen System with CO2 Separation." The objective of the program is to develop a detailed design for a single high-temperature syngas-cleanup module to produce a pure stream of H2 from a coal-based system and to develop the new high-temperature membrane materials at the core of that design. The novel one-box process combines a shift reactor with a high-temperature CO2-selective membrane to convert CO to CO2, remove sulfur compounds, and remove CO2 in a simple, compact, fully integrated system. In the first six months of the program, a conceptual design for the one-box system was developed in Task 1 and the performance targets for the system and the membrane were evaluated. In Task 2.1 processes were developed for creating pore architectures in ceramics that are applicable to membrane structures. In Task 2.2, candidate materials were identified that have the potential for separation of CO2 and H2S at high temperatures.


The case study of the Stansfields of Inchfield, Walsden (Transactions, 159, 2010) illuminated the worlds of a Lancashire yeomanry family during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries by utilising their (six) surviving wills and (four) inventories to explore their kinship networks, religious perspectives, and farming practices. Following discovery of a further (seventh) family will and (fifth) inventory and other evidences, it is possible to amend assumptions and ameliorate evaluations. The testament and inventory of John Stansfield (d. 1681) facilitates (re-)construction of broader family relationships as well as evaluation of farming interests, usury, and literacy; whilst the case of the (unproven) will of Abraham Stansfield IV (1712- 1741) - as recorded in the notes of the antiquary F.R. Raines - raises questions concerning inheritance and identities.


This paper focused on Globalization and Environmental Sustainability: Effects on Strategic Management. The researchers used the descriptive survey approach to gather data for the study. The population of the study comprises of 250 middle and senior members of staff drawn from ten manufacturing and service providing firms in Aba, Abia state. The researchers however using convenience sampling technique selected 103 employees out of the population of study. A four point likert scale questionnaire that covered the different areas of globalization and environmental sustainability impact on strategic management was used to elicit response from the respondents. The data gathered were then ranked as follows: SA= 4, A = 3, D = 2, SD = 1. The researchers concluded that cultural mix is becoming an imperative aspect of internationalization strategy formulation and implementation, hence; organizations are largely influenced by their cultural orientation and that globalization and environmental sustainability impacts on the competitiveness of firms significantly. The researchers recommend that global view must be taken into consideration when developing strategies among Nigerian firms in order to ensure that their strategies are holistic and that global environmental sensitivity training should be made a compulsory part of workforce orientation and future training. This will equip top executives with the basic skills to effectively monitor and deal with changes arising from global trends.


A biometric system uniquely identifies a person based on the features captured from the biometric data of that person. A dental biometric system identifies an individual based on their unique dental features obtained from the dental images. With the growth of latest technologies, forensic identification of humans is a vast growing research area. In Dental biometric system, initial step is to perform preprocessing and then to capture the features of dental image. In the final step segmentation and dental matching is done for person authentication. In this paper, we throw light into made to the latest contribution made to this research field. This paper also presents a general frame work of the dental biometric system and the reviews the research work and also considering the technological advancements in the dental biometric field.


Tribocorrosion affects all walks of life from oil and gas conversion to biomedical materials. Wear can interact with corrosion to enhance it or impede it; conversely, corrosion can enhance or impede wear. The understanding of the interactions between physical and chemical phenomena has been greatly assisted by electrochemical and microscopic techniques. In dentistry, it is well recognized that erosion due to dissolution (a term physicists use to denote wear) of enamel can result in tooth decay; however, the effects of the oral environment, i.e. pH levels, electrochemical potential and any interactions due to the forces involved in chewing are not well understood. This special cluster issue includes investigations on the fundamentals of wear–corrosion interactions involved in simulated oral environments, including candidate dental implant and veneer materials. The issue commences with a fundamental study of titanium implants and this is followed by an analysis of the behaviour of commonly used temporomandibular devices in a synovial fluid-like environment. The analysis of tribocorrosion mechanisms of Ti6Al4V biomedical alloys in artificial saliva with different pHs is addressed and is followed by a paper on fretting wear, on hydroxyapatite-titanium composites in simulated body fluid, supplemented with protein (bovine serum albumin). The effects of acid treatments on tooth enamel, and as a surface engineering technique for dental implants, are investigated in two further contributions. An analysis of the physiological parameters of intraoral wear is addressed; this is followed by a study of candidate dental materials in common beverages such as tea and coffee with varying acidity and viscosity and the use of wear maps to identify the safety zones for prediction of material degradation in such conditions. Hence, the special cluster issue consists of a range of tribocorrosion contributions involving many aspects of dental tribocorrosion, from analysis of physiological approaches and tissue engineering to studying of the effects of the environments encountered in clinical practice and management which lead to tooth decay. A wide range of analytical techniques and tribocorrosion experimental approaches is used to simulate, assess and model the synergistic interactions of wear and corrosion, many of them leading to new insights. We hope it will lead to increased awareness of tribocorrosion phenomena for researchers and dental clinicians alike and 'food for thought' for further studies in this field.


Elicitors act as signaling compounds that can induce and enhance the production of metabolites by activating biochemical pathways in response to external stress. Salicylic acid (SA) acts as a signaling molecule in plants in response to an attack by biotrophic pathogens whereas jasmonic acid (JA) is released in plants in response to wounds and herbivory. Both the signaling molecules aid in plant chemical defenses by increasing the production of secondary metabolites. The present study investigates the effect of SA, JA, and the combination of both (SA + JA) on the andrographolide content in cell suspension cultures of Andrographis paniculata . Four different concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100 µM) of SA and JA individually, and an equimolar combination of both SA and JA together, were administered to cell suspension cultures taken in triplicates at shake flask scale. Andrographolide content was estimated using high performance liquid chromatography. Both SA and JA showed a positive effect on andrographolide content with the increase in their concentrations. SA at its highest concentration resulted in just 0.18-fold increase (83.33 ± 6.7 µ g/g DCW) in andrographolide content compared to control, whereas JA resulted in a 3-fold increase (211 ±5.8 µ g/g DW); the combination of both SA and JA had an intermediate effect at all concentrations except one concentration (75 + 75 µ M) which resulted in a 3.8-fold increase (280 ± 2.7 µ g/g DW), in andrographolide content.


Beginning from the new century,the output of meat products is increasing rapidly,and meat products will become the main meat consumer goods. However, healthy risk may arise in every link of interflow process due to temperature change, microorganism and/or hazardous materials pollution, which in turn will threaten consumers' interest. Based on the investigation of meat products enterprises, the potential health hazards in whole interflow process are analyzed. Countermeasures on safety management in the interflow of meat products are suggested according to the properties of meat products and characteristics in the interflow process.


The intra-band relaxation time of the carriers was estimated from the spontaneously emitted profile for AlGaAs injection laser which has an undoped active region. The relaxation time is estimated in the range of τin=(0.7∼1.0)×10-13 s at 298 K by comparison between theoretical analysis and experimental measurement. The relaxation time increases slightly at low temperatures and is estimated as τin=(0.7∼1.5)×10-13 s at 100 K, but is almost constant with variation of the injection level. The band-tail effect is explained by the intra- band relaxation of electrons.


After decades of research efforts, statistical methods for image reconstruction have begun to appear in commercial X‐ray CT systems, offering substantial improvements in image quality and/or substantial reductions in patient X‐ray dose, at the price of increased computation time. This educational talk will give an overview of the principles of statistical/iterative methods for image reconstruction for X‐ray CTimaging along with examples from clinical CT.


A new ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) was synthesized by thermal copolymerization of bis(2-methacryloxyethyl) phosphate as functional ligand and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker in the presence of Th4+ as a template ion. The molar ratio of the functional ligand to Th4+ was optimized to be 4 by 31P NMR titration, elemental analysis, and EXAFS, which was verified by comparing the adsorption capacities and selectivities of IIPs with different composition. Thorium(IV) ions were leached out using 0.1 mol L−1 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt and the prepared IIP was characterized by infra-red spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurement. It was found that the IIP could extract Th4+ from high acidity solution. The maximum adsorption capacity was as high as 33.3 mg g−1 in 1.0 mol L−1 HCl. Even in 6.0 mol L−1 HCl, its adsorption capacity was still considerable. Moreover, the IIP exhibited good selectivity towards Th4+, especially in the presence of competing ions such as La3+, Eu3+, Yb3+, UO22+, and Fe3+.


The utility model discloses a storehouse environment monitoring and article intelligent management system based on an internet of things, comprising an upper computer, a central control unit, a identification sensing module and a wireless sensing network module, wherein the identification sensing module reads the information of electronic tags and transmits the information to the central control unit, the information collected by a temperature sensor and/or a humidity sensor is transmitted to the central control unit through the wireless sensing network module, and the central control unit wirelessly transits the information of the electronic tags and the information collected by the temperature sensor and/or the humidity sensor to the upper computer. The storehouse environment monitoring and article intelligent management system based on the internet of things is convenient in management and high in automation degree.


[Objective] To screen and identify biosurfactants,analyze structure of target products. [Method]Primary screening and rescreening of 72 strains were conducted by using oil plate method,oil displacement method,the optimal strain was primarily screened out and identified,thin layer chromatography analysis test,infrared spectrum were conducted to analyze biosurfactants. [Result] Separating 9 out of 72 grapes endophyte strains screened surface active agent by the screening plate method,and drain ring rescreening method. Strain broth which named C2J6 oil drain ring maximized. According to morphological,physiological and biochemical tests and sequence analysis that 26 sRNA preliminarily is identified as Aspergillus niger. Thin layer chromatography and infrared spectroscopy showed that strain C2J6 in the metabolic process produces lipopeptide surfactant. [Conclusion]The study can lay a foundation for production and application of lipopeptide biosurfactants.


The purpose of our interview is to seek a rapprochement between us of the Center for Studies and Research on Education in Little Children - NUPEIN and studies of Bakhtin. We have already been some inroads in these studies because of some trade with the group of studies led by Professor Sonia Kramer of PUC-RJ and UERJ. From this approach, there were, recently, three studies, at the Masters, in which the researchers worked extensively with the benchmark bakhtiniano.


THIS PAPER will describe a 2 p n VLSI chip designed for cryptographic applications. The circuit was developed as a replacement for a public-key system (RSA) that has a long execution time and presents the risk of discovering prime secret numbers and the secret key. In the public key system is a pair of integers (n, e) and the secret key required t o encipher a message. It has t o be converted into an integer x less than n (or several integers if the message is too long) and an equation has to be calculated. Only the possessor of the secret key can decipher by calculation. The VLSI circuit computes exponentiation modulo N operations rapidly'. The principle of the exponentiation modulo N is based on the classical left to the right algorithm: i.e., for Y = Xs mod N, where the binary representation of S is (sk-l------so) (so is the least significant bit and si the bit i of operand S). The exponentiation amounts to making modular multiplications: Y.X mod N. The algorithm of the modular multiplication is simple: xj is bit j of operand X and its binary representation is (xq-l -------_ xO), q is a l b register, R is the result register, and rov an overflow flag of the result. The chip architecture is based on an ALU which handles operands of 256, 512, 1024 bits in one, two or four cycles, respectively, for each operation (Figure I) to perform the Y.X mod N operation on the basis of 256 x l b multiplications and 25613 additions. The delay for each 25633 addition must be smaller than one clock cycle (100ns). Therefore, complete propagation of the carry bit is impossible. A carry-save technique has been selected for use, between each pair of 16b slices. Because of this carry. save technique, and the fact that a left shift has to be performed for operations such as R: = 2R t qY, two adders are used for each slice: Figure 2. The 21, carries resulting from the operation executed during one cycle is saved in a 2b register, and taken into account during the next operation. Therefore a t the end of the algorithm it is necessary t o propagate these carries to obtain


Models for control of epidemics on local, global and small-world networks are considered, with only partial information accessible about the status of individuals and their connections. The main goal of an effective control measure is to stop the epidemic at a lowest possible cost, including treatment and cost necessary to track the disease spread. We show that delay in detection of infectious individuals and presence of long-range links are the most important factors determining the cost. However, the details of long-range links are usually the least-known element of the social interactions due to their occasional character and potentially short life-span. We show that under some conditions on the probability of disease spread, it is advisable to attempt to track those links. Thus, collecting some additional knowledge about the network structure might be beneficial to ensure a successful and cost-effective control.


The properties of extensive air showers (EAS) induced by cosmic rays with zenith angles up to 80 � can be measured accurately in the surface detector (SD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Using a model of the density pattern of muons, extracted from simulations, the shower size, N19, related to the total number of muons in EAS, is estimated from the signals measured in the SD stations. The accuracy of the reconstruction of N19 is tested using a large sample of simulated events. The shower size is calibrated using the shower energy measured with the fluorescence detector (FD) in a sub-sample of high-quality hybrid events (i.e. events det ected simultaneously by SD and FD). This allows the number of muons versus energy to be measured. We compare the number of muons versus energy as obtained through simulations with that measured in data. We find that none of the current sho wer models, neither for proton nor for iron primaries, are able to predict as many muons as are observed.


The advent of the Big Data challenge has stimulated research on methods to deal with the problem of managing data abundance. Many approaches have been developed, but for the most part, they attack one specific side of the problem: e.g. efficient querying, analysis techniques that summarize data or reduce its dimensionality, data visualization, etc. The approach proposed in this poster aims instead at taking a comprehensive view: first of all, it supports human exploration as an iterative and multi-step process and therefore allows building upon a previous query on to the next, in a sort of "dialogue" between the user and the system. Second, it aims at supporting a variety of user experiences, like investigation, inspiration seeking, monitoring, comparison, decision-making, research, etc. Third, and probably most important, it adds to the notion of "big" the notion of "rich": Exploratory Computing (EC) aims at dealing with datasets of semantically complex items, whose inspection may reach beyond the user's previous knowledge or expectations: an exploratory experience basically consists in creating, refining, modifying, comparing various datasets in order to "make sense" of these meanings. A crucial challenge of EC lies at the user interface level (data visualization, feedback, relevance of the results, interaction possibilities): how to convey, in an effective manner, all the possible turn-takings of this "dialogue" between the user and the system.


This study aims to examine the legal aspects regarding the position of fiduciary guarantees in murabahah financing agreements. The position of guarantees in financing agreements according to Islamic economic law states that guarantees in the practice of financing institutions are allowed because in order to maintain the trust of debtors, Islamic financial institutions must establish the principle of prudence and look at the condition of society that has experienced a shift in terms of commitment to moral values such as trust and honesty. Consumer financing agreements basically do not emphasize the collateral aspect. However, because consumer finance is a business institution, consumer finance companies in financing activities cannot be separated from risk, to avoid risk, consumer finance usually asks for certain guarantees as guarantees in financing. The main guarantee in a financial institution is in the form of trust, the main guarantee is in the form of goods financed on a fiduciary basis, and additional guarantees in the form of power to sell and others. Financing based on sharia principles but does not apply sharia guarantees is an act that is contrary to sharia principles.


It is commonly agreed that seismic anisotropy,most likely caused by aligned minerals,is a very important indicator of intracrustal deformation.Ultrasonic velocity measurements on the schists,gneisses,migmatites,amphibolites and mylonites from Higher Himalayan Crystallines(HHC)and Honghe strike-slip fault zone in the southwestern China show that the average anisotropic magnitude of them is about 5%,which is much less than that observed by a series of measurements of surface-wave dispersion inversions and waveform inversions of P to S conversions in these regions.Modeled results indicate that seismic anisotropy can be enhanced by alignment of melt.For instance,extra anisotropy of 2%~10%for P-wave velocity and of 2.2%~40%for S-wave velocity would be induced by melt pocket preferred orientation when aspect ratio of melt pockets and melt fraction range from 0.1 to 0.5and from 5%to 10%respectively.Obviously,the contribution of aligned melt to the anisotropy is likely comparable to or larger than that induced by lattice preferred orientation of major minerals.Geophysical investigations demonstrate that Tibetan and Sichuan-Yunnan crust is characterized by high geothermal gradients and abnormal thickness.Low degree partial melting accounting for low average crustal velocity and low velocity zones is present in the crust pervasively.Hence,we attribute the extremely high anisotropy observed within Tibetan and Sichuan-Yunnan crust to aligned melt pocket induced by localized deformation.It implies that the anisotropy zones within Tibetan and Sichuan-Yunnan crust is one of candidates to cause the upper part of crust(crustal block)to decouple to the other part of lithosphere.


Trunk training is an important part of the rehabilitation of people suffering from the physical effects of brain lesions caused by diseases such as stroke, as it can help improve their static and dynamic balance, while also helping to improve gait performance. In order to facilitate trunk rehabilitation and reduce therapist workload, we have developed a trunk rehabilitation robot (TRR) that can provide tunable quantitative training with the option to include sensory augmentation through various bio-feedback, in order to implement a large variety of trunk training protocols. In this paper, we have developed an error-based controller to generate the unstable seat condition using the TRR. In order to verify the feasibility of this controller, we have carried out tests with 20 young healthy subjects and compared its performance with the existing admittance controller in terms of seat movement parameters and center of pressure and trunk movement based balance parameters. The results show that although there is no statistically significant difference between the controllers in terms of the balance measures, use of the error-based controller results in lesser amount of seat movement, which may make it more comfortable for the user. However, the participants had a difference of opinion about which controller they felt to be more comfortable and easier to use.


This is an inquiry into the "actionable credibility" of information values in informing and how it depends on other attributes of data and information quality. Empirical survey-based research by Wang and Strong (1996) ignores the multidimensional aspects of credibility. Studies that ignore them may produce unreliable results. Most publications discuss these attributes as independent quality factors. This paper identifies and describes the ignored dependencies. To yield research results of a more lasting validity, one must go beyond empirical studies. This inquiry continues the development of a theoretical model of operations quality requirements of data and information values as proposed by Gackowski (2004, 2005a, 2005b). The results are presented for challenge, critique, and discussion.


An attempt was made to develop an in vivo model that could explain the neurophysiological and biomechanical processes active in the development of the idiopathic low back disorder common in workers who perform repetitive lifting tasks in industry. Passive cyclic flexion of the feline lumbar spine at 0.1 HZ for 20 min resulted in creep of the supraspinous ligament and other lumbar viscoelastic tissues as well as spasms superimposed on a decreasing electromyogram (EMG) elicited reflexly from the multifidus muscles. Rest for 7 h did not allow full recovery of the viscoelastic creep; the multifidus EMG gradually increased with initial and delayed hyperexcitability. Increasing the peak load of the cyclic flexion resulted in larger creep in the passive tissues and required a longer time for recovery of reflex EMG activity and longer delayed hyperexcitability, but development of spasms and hyperexcitability was unaffected. It is conceivable that damage to the viscoelastic tissues elicits an inflammatory process that in turn triggers a transient neuromuscular disorder. The present findings provide a biomechanical and neurophysiological explanation for a common idiopathic low back disorder as well as for the development of a cumulative trauma disorder often seen in workers engaged in repetitive lumbar flexion. Muscle Nerve 27: 348–358, 2003 NEUROMUSCULAR DYSFUNCTION ELICITED BY CYCLIC LUMBAR FLEXION LAKIESHA N. CLAUDE, MSc, MOSHE SOLOMONOW, PhD, MD(Hon), BING-HE ZHOU, EE, RICHARD V. BARATTA, PhD, and MENG PING ZHU, MSc 1 Bioengineering Laboratory, Occupational Medicine Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2025 Gravier Street, Suite 400, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA 2 Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA Accepted 31 October 2002 Workers engaged in occupational activities requiring prolonged static and cyclic activities report up to ten times more musculoskeletal disorders than the general population.40 Such occupational disorders, specifically low back disorders (LBDs), are a costly burden on society. Repetitive (cyclic) lumbar flexion (such as in loading and unloading boxes) causes the development of creep (e.g., elongation) of the various lumbar viscoelastic tissues (e.g., ligaments, disks, and joint capsules).1,4,13,18,21 The ligaments, when creep has developed, are longer and lax, whereas the disks lose fluid and have a deformed collagenous shell.1 The creep in these viscoelastic tissues may introduce laxity in the intervertebral joint and the possibility of excessive motion and injury. Yet, the overall stiffness of the intervertebral joint is dependent mostly on the forces developed by various lumbar muscles.19,21,24 Normal and balanced muscle function is, therefore, paramount for the stability and safety of the lumbar spine.35 Ligaments in most joints are endowed with mechanoreceptors,26,27,34,43 and reflex activation of muscles associated with the stability of that joint is elicited when these afferents are excited.32,34 Similarly, afferents exist in the lumbar ligaments, disks, and capsules,14,25,42 and the reflex activation of the lumbar musculature occurs when these tissues are stimulated mechanically or electrically.15,16,35,39 Furthermore, passive cyclic lumbar flexion with constant displacement drastically decreases reflex activation of the lumbar muscles and requires more than 6–7 h of rest to fully recover.7,17,36 Thus, decrease in the reflex activation of the lumbar muscles compounded by degradation in the mechanical properties of the spinal viscoelastic structures may have an important role in the development of LBD. Significant differences exist in the mechanical responses of the spinal tissues when subjected to Abbreviations: CTD, cumulative trauma disorder; EMG, electromyogram; LBD, low back disorder; NIEMG, normalized integrated EMG


In this paper, the theoretical as well as experimental results of BER characteristics of three different modulation schemes, ASK, FSK and BPSK, in a multi‐path Rician channel are addressed. These BER characteristics are analyzed as a function of Eb / No and the power ratio of the line of sight (LOS) component to the Rayleigh scattered component. The theoretical as well as computer simulation results shows the ASK is the most suitable modulation scheme for the dedicated short range communication (DSRC) in terms of implemental cost and system complexity. The decision feedback equalizer is proved to be very effective in canceling the multi‐path interference in the DSRC channel environment. The simulation result of the equalized ASK, reveals the performance enhancement achievable with decision feedback (DFE) equalizer for the first generation DSRC system. The multi‐ray DSRC channel model is also provided to predict the received carrier power and fluctuation, which are quite dependent on the surroundings of a cell.


Substrate Integrated Waveguide has been an emerging technology for the realization of microwave and millimeter wave regions. It is the planar form of the conventional rectangular waveguide. It has profound applications at higher frequencies, since prevalent platforms like microstrip and coplanar waveguide have loss related issues. This paper discusses basic concepts of SIW, design aspects and their applications to leaky wave antennas. A brief overview of recent works on Substrate integrated Waveguide based Leaky Wave Antennas has been provided.


20 patients and 20 district nurses were given questinaires, on the quality of the care of suprapubic catheters, two weeks after discharge. The aim was to monitor the effectivnes of the information on suprapubic care, given by the nursing staff in the hospital. The district nurses had observed, that one fifth of the patients had sign of redness and skin irritation around the suprapubic catheter. It can be considered to use Clean Intermittent Catherisation with patients with post surgery urinary retention. The investigation shows the importance of the hospital nurse giving clear information to the district nurse on discharge, when a patient is discharged with a suprapubic catheter.


Wavefront-guided LASIK yields more accurate corrections and better quality of vision compared with conventional LASIK regardless of which laser system is used, said Robert K. Maloney, MD, at the American Academy of Ophthalmology refractive surgery subspecialty day meeting in New Orleans.


The vast majority of foods offered to consumers is marketed in packaged form. The development of food production technology as well as retail sales demands drive continuous improvement in packaging. The main areas of improvement are: ensuring product safety, providing relevant information, streamlining the distribution process and facilitating end-use. The obligation to meet consumer requirements and expectations in those areas falls on food producers; however, all other entities forming the food supply chain should take part, and some responsibility, in the process of adapting the packaging to consumer needs. In view of numerous irregularities regarding a low level of consumer satisfaction with food product packaging presented in literature, the aim of the study was to assess the awareness of supply chain entities in terms of validity of correct food labeling on a selected group of foodstuffs.


Operating Offshore Floating Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (OF-VAWT) have the potential to perform well in the deep-sea area. Some researchers gave performance prediction by developing simplified computing models. However, these models have imperfections in considering load and motion nonlinearity, especially in extreme environments. In this work, a numerical model is developed composed of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Dynamic Fluid Body Interaction (DFBI) to acquire the aero-hydrodynamic load and performance of OF-VAWT in general and extreme environments. Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS), SST k-ω and Eulerian Multi-Phase (EMP) models are combined to generate a gas-liquid two-phase flow field; the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model is employed to capture free-surface and make numerical wind-wave. DFBI superposition motion technology is proposed for local motion definition and motion solution, and overset with sliding meshes is introduced to achieve the grid motion. The numerical approach is verified by the tunnel and tank experimental data from the available literature. Simulation results of general cases, such as variable wind speed, wave height and wave length, are compared to discuss the effect of environmental parameters on load and performance. Comparison shows that this straight-bladed OF-VAWT is more susceptible to wind speed. Furthermore, the aerodynamic load generated by the shut-down rotor is still significant in extreme environment, which has implications for the development of OF-VAWT controller.


Silica Aerogels are highly porous nanostructured materials with an open three-dimensional silica network. Their low density, high surface area and low thermal conductivity are interesting for several industrial applications.
Casting of metals and alloys simply means the pouring of a liquid metal into a form which most often is made from resin bonded quartz sand. Replacing a fraction of sand by aerogels can improve the casting quality, since the contact of the hot melt leads to a huge gas evolution and induces many casting defects. The huge internal surface of aerogels helps to absorb this decomposition gases and thus improves casting quality. Unfortunately the thermal load on the aerogels can lead to a rapid sintering and shrinkage and then induce other casting defects. We therefore developed a new thermally stable Si-O-C aerogel. These are synthesized using a mixture of MTMS and TEOS as precursor materials in a conventional two-step acid-base sol-gel routine. After ambient drying of the aerogels these are transformed into to Si-O-C aerogels by pyrolysis at 1000 °C. A systematic variation of the TEOS: MTMS ratio allows to vary the Oxygen and Carbon content. The aerogels are characterized by envelope and skeletal density, nitrogen adsorption (BET, BJH) and SEM. Tests in foundries are on the way.