An unsteady three dimensional MHD convective heat and mass transfer flow in an incom- pressible fluid due to a rotating disk is studied by taking into account the Dufour and Soret effects. The system of axial symmetric non-linear partial differential equations governing the unsteady flow, heat and mass transfer is written in cylindrical polar coordinates and reduced to nonlinear ordinary dif- ferential equations by similarity transformations. The resulting system of ordinary nonlinear differen- tial equations is then solved numerically by a shoot- ing method using Range-Kutta six order integration scheme. The flow, temperature and concentration fields are affected by the magnetic interaction pa- rameter M, Rotational parameter R, Soret Number S0 and Dufour number Df respectively. The results of the numerical solution are presented graphically in the form of velocity, temperature and concentra- tion profiles. The results for the wall flow, tempera- ture and concentration gradients obtained are pre- sented in tabular form for various values of the pa- rameters M, R, S0 and Df.


Al2O3-NiO composites were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Suspensions were prepared from the mixture of Al2O3 and NiO powder in a mixed ethanol-water electrolyte and were stabilized with acetic acid. The effects of the NiO content, sintering temperature and the deposition parameters such as the EPD applied voltage and deposition time on the coating weight, microstructure and crystallinity of final composites were studied. Due to the positive charge of Al2O3 and NiO in suspension in the mixed ethanol-water solvent, samples were deposited on the cathode and they were not affected by the possible solvent electrolysis. Coatings with defect-free microstructure were then obtained. These investigations have revealed that the deposits weight gain increases linearly with NiO content and theirs thickness was controlled by adjusting the NiO content and/or the time of the deposition. By increasing NiO content, the distribution of NiO nano-particles in Al2O3 matrix became more homogenous forming thereby an interconnected network like-microstructure which inhibits the grain growth of Al2O3. This illustrates clearly the advantage of EPD for the synthesis of Al2O3-NiO particles. XRD studies have revealed that apart from Al2O3 and NiO, a cubic nickel spinel (NiAl2O4) like phase is formed in the Al2O3-NiO composite. The increase of the applied voltage has resulted in a serious reduction of the deposit weight gain and also to the degradation of their microstructures particularly when the NiO content is lower than 40%.


The present article discusses the ways for improving the quality and effectiveness of the process of teaching children of primary school age. In particular, aspects such as the development of cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies for the development of conscious understanding of self-learning process. The development of a meta-language and a conscious thought (thinking) process to analyze self-learning process are considered. Some examples provided in this article are taken from the Kid's English to illustrate the development of cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies in primary school.


Mobile edge computing is emerging as the new solution for next generation mobile applications, which require very low latency and high computing resources. By offloading the computation intensive tasks to mobile edge (ME) hosts located in the radio access network, users could gain energy saving benefits at the user equipment. However, two key factors that determine the total computing resource requirement of a ME host are the user mobility and offloading tasks request patterns. As a large number of ME hosts with physical servers are going to be deployed within the radio access network, energy efficiency is a key challenge for mobile edge service providers in terms of environmental impacts and operational costs. Our objective is to minimize the total energy consumption of the ME host system without compromising the users' quality of service based on correlated mobility pattern. We proposed a method to select the suitable server class for ME host deployment based on offloading task request profile considering energy efficiency. Then, we developed three processes to minimize the total power consumption of the ME host based on single threshold utilization: (i) Virtual Machine (VM) migration process that selects the suitable VMs for migration in order to save energy without compromising the quality of service; (ii) VM placement process that finds the best server, which minimizes the energy consumption; (iii) Physical server activation process that is responsible for activating servers from sleep state based on the network traffic demand. We propose a queueing-triggered based approach to initiate processes (ii) and (iii) to minimize both queueing delay and energy consumption. We evaluated our proposed methodologies using correlated mobility pattern and the uniform workload offloading pattern. Our results show that up to 34.32% of the energy can be saved by carefully selecting the physical servers in a ME host and an average of 16.15% energy savings can be achieved in the ME system using our proposed method during peak hours.


Nowadays there is a trend in distributed systems research of applying software engineering and open standards in the development of large, robust and easily configurable systems, where the basic unit of replacement is the software component. Literature in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), a recently emerging technology, shows on the contrary, an abolition of these techniques as a response to the strong restrictions imposed by the hardware. Therefore, the current software created for WSN has features of the long time ago software: monolithic and platform dependent. This work studies the current state of the art in WSN and Model Driven Architecture (MDA), a standard used to drive the development of large distributed systems. The most important contribution of this paper is fusing both into an initial version of a feasible component-based middleware addressing the major challenges in WSN.


Introduction: Long-term right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing has been shown to cause adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling and clinical outcomes. We investigated the predictors of LV remodeling...


Ingles The high cost of purchasing library materials in developing countries like Guatemala has prompted libraries, especially university and research libraries, to form networks for making acquisitions in a more rational manner and for sharing their resources. A group of academic and research libraries in Guatemala City began information networking and resource sharing efforts as far back as the 1960s. Despite funding and personnel problems, the member libraries did attempt to create a union catalog of their collections to maximize accessibility. Other early networking attempts followed, initiated by such institutions as the Instituto Guatemalteco–Americano (IGA) and the Francisco Marroquin University (UFM). Finally, in 1983, a formal committee of librarians representing various university libraries and the Bank of Guatemala was assembled to oversee cooperative projects, such as collecting and exchanging university publications and theses; creating a union catalog for reference books and periodicals; and establishing an interlibrary loan service. Two years later the committee, by then composed of professionals from five university libraries, was given its official name: CCEBU— Committee for Cooperation among University Libraries. Since then it has continued to carry out essential projects, such as the creation of a university library directory and the classification and cataloging of pamphlet and audiovisual materials. Perhaps one of CCEBU's most important activities has been to work with U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to automate acquisition and cataloging operations within CCEBU libraries. Flores is optimistic that, given CCEBU's success, other cooperative projects will be able to provide new and even better information to help strengthen Guatemala's national development.Espanol La importancia de recursos compartidos: las experiencias del Comite de Cooperacion entre Bibliotecas Universitarias de Guatemala El alto costo de las compras de materiales bibliograficos en paises en vias de desarrollo como Guatemala ha impulsado a las bibliotecas, especialmente bibliotecas universitarias y de investigacion, a formar redes para la adquisicion de materiales a fin de realizar esas adquisiciones de una manera mas racional y a fin de poder compartir los recursos. Un grupo de bibliotecas academicas y de investigacion en la ciudad de Guatemala inicio una red informal de cooperacion en la decada de los 1960s. Independientemente de los problemas de recursos economicos y de personal, las bibliotecas miembros intentaron la creacion de un catalogo colectivo de sus colecciones a fin de asegurar su maximo aprovechamiento. Otros intentos tempranos de intentos de creacion de redes se llevaron a cabo mas tarde, iniciados por instituciones tales como el Instituto Guatemalteco Americano (IGA) y la Universidad Fracisco Marroquin (UFM). Finalmente en 1983, un comite formal de bibliotecarios representantes de varias de las bibliotecas universitarias y del Banco de Guatemala se establecio para dirigir los proyectos cooperativos tales como la adquisicion e intercambio de publicaciones universitarias y de tesis; la creacion de un catalogo colectivo de libros de referencia y de publicaciones periodicas; y el establecer un servicio de prestamos interbibliotecarios. Dos anos mas tarde el comite, ahora compuesto de profesionales de las cinco bibliotecas universitarias, recibia un nombre oficial, Comite de Cooperacion entre Bibliotecas Universitarias (CCEBU). Desde entonces ha llevado a cabo continuamente la elaboracion de proyectos esenciales tales como la creacion de un directorio de bibliotecas universitarias y la catalogacion y clasificacion de folletos y de materiales audiovisuales. Quiza una de las actividades mas importantes de CCEBU ha sido el proyecto con la Agencia para el Desarrollo Internacional de los Estados Unidos de Norteamerica (United States Agency for International Development, USAID) para automatizar las operaciones de adquisicion entre las bibliotecas de CCEBU. Raquel Flores siente con optimismo que, dado el exito de CCEBU, otros proyectos cooperativos seran capaces de prooporcionar nueva y aun mejor informacion para ayudar el desarrollo nacional de Guatemala.


A well-defined polymeric silane coupling agent, 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl-terminated polystyrene (TESiP-PS) was synthesized by reaction of polystyryllithium with (3-chloropropyl)triethoxysilane. The reaction is greatly affected by reaction conditions. The yield of TESiP-PS was quantitative in a benzene/tetrahydrofuran medium at 0°C, whereas it was as low as 5% in benzene at room temperature. TESiP-PS obtained under the former conditions has 95% functionality and a monodispersity of 1.05. Condensation of TESiP-PS proceeds quantitatively in the presence of either base or acid catalyst. This result is different from that for triethoxysilyl-terminated polystyrene (TESi-PS), which undergoes complete cleavage in the presence of base catalysts. This sharp difference indicates that the introduction of a trimethylene group between the trimethoxysilyl group and polystyrene effectively suppressed the cleavage reaction.


On-farm trials were conducted in the Chinyika Resettlement Area of Zimbabwe during the 2000-2002 cropping seasons to assess the effectiveness of hardening methods for seedlings of two paprika cultivars ('PapriKing' and 'Red Tsar') in the smallholder system. The hardening treatments compared include: H0 – regularly watering seedlings up to transplanting; H1 – seedling watering stopped two weeks transplanting; H2 – water withheld at the beginning of 5th week by skipping one day during the 5th week, 2 days during the 6th week and then completely withhold watering beginning of the 7th week; H4 – no watering in the 6th and 7th weeks only; H5 – withholding water from 5th week until transplanting. Main effects of both cultivar and hardening methods were not significant but there were significant interactions between paprika cultivar and hardening method with respect to field establishment. When paprika seedlings were not hardened cv. 'Red Tsar' had a higher mortality but a higher fruit yield than cv. 'PapriKing'. Similarly, cultivars x hardening method interactions were significant for both total and marketable fruit yields. Unhardened cv. 'PapriKing' seedlings field established better than 'Red Tsar' seedlings. When the farmer does not have the opportunity or time to harden his paprika seedlings prior to transplanting, then his choice of variety becomes rather crucial. In other words, field establishment and paprika fruit yield were not determined by the main effects of either variety or method of seedling hardening, rather by their interaction. Effective hardening of seedlings occurred when water was withheld during two weeks preceding seedling transplanting.


The paper deals with the typological classification of Slavic languages with respect to the so-called vocalic and consonantal types. Special attention is devoted to vocalic clusters. The vocalic clusters have been analyzed with respect to their position within the word (initial, medial, final; intramorphemic or intermorphemic), with respect to the presence or absence of stress, as well as with respect to word origin (original, loanword). The paper also addresses the notion of intervocalic context and deviations from reduction rules in vocalic clusters (in Bulgarian). The comparison of languages (Macedonian, Serbian, Bulgarian and Polish) is based primarily on text analysis, rather than on the analysis of phoneme inventories. Preliminary results of a larger research that is currently under way are presented.


The 2017 hurricane season was the costliest season since records began in 1851, thanks in large part to the devastation wrought by the "terrible trio" of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria. It was ...


The aim of this work is to study the adsorption of a cationic dye (Janus Green B) on a non-expensive natural material. The diatomite was recovered by the Sig deposit (west of Algeria) and then was modified by simple acid treatment. The structural, textural and morphological properties of obtained materials were analyzed by different physico-chemical techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), Argon sorption at 87 K, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis TGA, x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and pH of zero charge PZC. The results showed that the adsorption of the Janus Green B (JGB) dye is very fast and the equilibrium was reached after 90 min. The kinetic data were modeled using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second order equations. The equilibrium isotherm data were verified using the Langmuir, Freundlich and the Sips models. The results showed that the adsorption of JGB dye on raw diatomite and its modified counterpart followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained by raw diatomite, in which maximum adsorbed capacity Qm of 39.89 mg g−1 was recorded.


SVM can not learn from large scale training data directly.A new method to decrease the scale of training data is proposed,which is to find the border of the two categories in the mapped high dimension space.This method is based directly on the kernel function regardless of the mapping form.Experiments show that this new method is better than the way to find the border of the two categories in the original low dimension space.


For what is now an extended period of time, a number of researchers have been working in what could be described as "an isolated, very small and persecuted community... seeking to reify this mysterious oddity that was social accounting (emphasis in original)" (Gray, 2007, p. 2). However, with increasing commercial and regulatory emphasis globally on environmental degradation and rehabilitation, climate change and the social responsibilities of the corporate world, this isolated, small community has not only gained a voice, but an increased profile and credibility for researchers in the area. As such, social and environmental accounting (SEA) research (as it is now known) boasts both a history and a future as a stand-alone sub-discipline of accounting research. More and more emerging scholars are opting for research programs that encompass or engage with SEA issues. Indeed, many major accounting conferences (such as the European Accounting Association (EAA) and Accounting and Finance Association of Australian and New Zealand (AFAANZ)) offer dedicated SEA streams. SEA is no longer a special issue! But as noted above, this was not always the case..... This article is available in Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal: http://ro.uow.edu.au/aabfj/vol2/iss1/1 The Australasian Accounting Business & Finance Journal, February, 2008. Beck & van der Laan: Editorial Social and Environmental Accounting Research. Vol. 2, No. 1. Page 1. EDITORIAL: SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING RESEARCH (SEA) – A SPECIAL ISSUE? SEA A SPECIAL ISSUE? For what is now an extended period of time, a number of researchers have been working in what could be described as "an isolated, very small and persecuted community... seeking to reify this mysterious oddity that was social accounting (emphasis in original)" (Gray, 2007, p. 2). However, with increasing commercial and regulatory emphasis globally on environmental degradation and rehabilitation, climate change and the social responsibilities of the corporate world, this isolated, small community has not only gained a voice, but an increased profile and credibility for researchers in the area. As such, social and environmental accounting (SEA) research (as it is now known) boasts both a history and a future as a stand-alone sub-discipline of accounting research. More and more emerging scholars are opting for research programs that encompass or engage with SEA issues. Indeed, many major accounting conferences (such as the European Accounting Association (EAA) and Accounting and Finance Association of Australian and New Zealand (AFAANZ)) offer dedicated SEA streams. SEA is no longer a special issue! But as noted above, this was not always the case..... BACKGROUND TO CSEAR Social and environmental accounting have been of interest and concern to Australian academics since the 1970s, most prominently evidenced through the publication of the Social Accounting Monitor by Mathews and Guthrie. On the basis of the continuous and growing worldwide attention, the Centre of Social and Environmental Accounting Research (CSEAR) was founded in 1991 as a platform for academics and practitioners interested and dealing with issues relating to SEA. An annual summit was initiated to provide opportunity for exchange and networking, with an emphasis on the latter. Since then, membership has grown internationally and CSEAR conferences have been held and are planned for around the world. It is in the tradition of these summits (or Summer schools) to welcome and nurture emerging scholars in the field as well as increasing the profile of SEA research in accounting research by providing a forum which is academically rigorous yet supportive. CSEAR has recently undergone (and is still doing so) some significant changes in an effort to position the organisation for future challenges and to increase the profile and professional image of practitioners and researchers in the field (see e.g. Gray 2006 a, b). Borrowing from Milne and Ball's (2007) conference plenary terminology, with the grandfathers in the field beginning to reduce their workloads (or, dare we say, starting their retirements?), the established and privileged researchers are starting to take a leading role in the governance of CSEAR and future direction of SEA research more generally. This transition could potentially provide even greater opportunities for emerging scholars in the field, referred to by Ball and Milne as the welcome newcomers and upstarts. This special issue is one such opportunity, providing an outlet for these scholars to disseminate their work more widely. The papers provide an insight in the array of different perspectives and issues canvassed by SEA research that are of concern to not only the newcomers and upstarts but the broader accounting research community. 1 Milne and Ball suggested the current SEA academics could be classified into three succinct groups, namely, 'grandfathers', 'established and privileged', and 'welcome newcomers and upstarts'. The Australasian Accounting Business & Finance Journal, February, 2008. Beck & van der Laan: Editorial Social and Environmental Accounting Research. Vol. 2, No. 1. Page 2. THE SYDNEY 2007 CONFERENCE This special issue reflects the work of scholars presented at the 6 Australasian Conference of the Centre for Social and Environmental Accounting Research which was held at the University of Sydney in December 2007. In line with CSEAR's contribution to the development of the paradigm, the Sydney Conference for the first time included a Business and Professional Ethics stream, which created an opportunity for researchers whose interests coalesce with those of CSEAR members to present their research. Given the objective of CSEAR conferences, the number of delegates was restricted to some 70 researchers, mainly from the Asia-Pacific region. In total, 36 papers were presented at the conference and this special issue is a reflection of both the quality and the diversity of this work (for further information and details, please refer to the conference website: http://csear.econ.usyd.edu.au). THE SPECIAL ISSUE This special issue contains five contributions. Mathews (2008) starts the issue off with a review of the celebration of his own work, A Festschrift in honour of M.R. Mathews, which was launched at the CSEAR conference. He contrasts this work with the recently released edited book by Unerman, Bebbington and O'Dwyer (2007), emphasising the different underlying concepts and stressing the shift towards the notion of 'sustainability' in the latter work. His grandfather status allows him to draw on his extensive knowledge in the area and his comments on the developments and reflections of his colleagues' work will, no doubt, sow the seeds for future research. Accountability is the central theme of the paper by Rika, Tuiloa, Tuiseke and FinauTavite (2008). The paper examines both accounting and accountability in local government in Fiji. The paper highlights a disconnect between indigenous and Western conceptions of accountability. It also demonstrates the difficulties faced by some indigenous communities who live under parallel governance regimes concurrently. Most interestingly the paper demonstrates how language can frame our understandings of accounting concepts such as accountability. In a traditional style SEA paper, Murthy and Abeysekera (2008) examine the social and environmental reporting practices of Indian software companies through the lens of legitimacy theory. Their study is conducted against the backdrop of India's economic transformation since independence. They focus on corporate social reporting (CSR) of Indian software firms relating to the complex issues of human resources and community development and find support for legitimisation motives for CSR by Indian software firms. Moore (2008) analyses the impact of public sector reforms on environmental accounting procedures in his case study of a Victorian water utility. The study examines the different reforms in the 1980s and 1990s that influenced the accounting for environmental expenditure in the public sector. The in-depth investigation of how a Victorian water utility dealt and implemented these changes in 2001 follows a framework suggested by English and Guthrie (2001). The findings indicate that little benefit was seen from environmental accounting procedures in the company with efficiency being identified as the main driver for accounting. The final contribution to this issue reflects the inclusion of the business and professional ethics stream at the conference with the paper by Clarke, Flanagan and O'Neill (2008). This paper questions the position of accounting in the provision of financial information and offers a suggestion to develop a more holistic, interdisciplinary approach to knowledge management in which accountants can play a crucial role as professional financial information providers. The Australasian Accounting Business & Finance Journal, February, 2008. Beck & van der Laan: Editorial Social and Environmental Accounting Research. Vol. 2, No. 1. Page 3. This suggestion is offered in light of the presentation of a substantial weight of evidence as to the diminishing role of accountants in the provision of financial information. Cornelia Beck and Sandra van der Laan Guest Editors February, 2008. REFERENCES Ball, A. & Milne, M. (2007). 'Plenary Presentation', 6 Australasian Conference, Centre for Social and Environmental Accounting Research, Sydney, December 2 -4. Available at: http://csear.econ.usyd.edu.au . Clarke, K., Flanagan, J. & O'Neill, S. (2008). 'In the Market for Financial Information will the Accountant's 'Expert' Knowledge become Obsolete?', Australian Accounting Business and Finance Journal, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 95-107 . English, L., & Guthrie, J. (2001). Public Sector Management in the State of Victoria 1992-1999: Genesis of the Transformation. In: L. R. Jones, J. Guthrie and P. Steane (eds) (20


A new model of an elastoplastic rectangular beam element is presented. The model is used in an elastoplastic analysis of the beam due to combined bending and torsional moment by introducing a plastic-depth factor. Using the plastic node method, the yielding process of a section can be included in the analysis without modeling the beam as a plane or a solid structural member. Therefore, the computational cost on an elastoplastic analysis is reduced. Examples shows that the present analysis gives a more realistic and conservative collapse load.


This paper elaboratesd the characteristic of online bidding system,analyse the safety problem and the reasons for them about online bidding system,In response to these security issues,give the design of safety Case of online bidding system based on USB security key by dealing with the technique about digital sig-nature and USB security key the safety of online bidding system quality.


Exfoliated graphite (EG) was prepared by chemical oxidation and microwave irradiation. The materials were characterized by SEM, XRD and XPS. The results indicated that there are many pores inside the worm-like particles. The exfoliation volume of EG prepared by microwave irradiation could reach 276 mL•g-1 and the sulfur content drop to 0.12%. Effect of sorption of Rhodamine B (RhB) and engine oil were investigated by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The sorption of RhB and engine oil in acidic conditions was excelled alkaline and neutral conditions. The optimum EG dosage was 0.625g •L-1, the lower the initial concentration of RhB, the faster the discoloration. The maximum sorption capacity of EG for engine oil could reach 17.9g/g.


"There can be no freedom apart from or in opposition to the truth, the categorical - unyielding and uncompromising - defense of the absolutely essential demands of man's personal dignity must be considered the way and the condition for the very existence of freedom."


This paper presents a three phase dual active bridge(DAB) topology as the most convenient topology for high power-density DC/DC converters for railway applications. The three-phase DAB is analyzed concerning the current modes, output power and soft-switching region, including the effect of zerovoltage switching(ZVS) capacitors. Furthermore, two methods are discussed, aiming to extend the soft-switching region, since no-load conditions in the entire operating range are required. A prototype design is made, in which optimal component values are calculated, to minimize losses. Finally, a prototype is built with the required specifications, resulting in an efficiency of 95.6% at 80kW of output power.


Aim: The purpose of this study is to measure the acceleration of upper body (pelvis, shoulder and head) during walking and to investigate whether the acceleration patterns differ among age groups and genders. Methods: Twenty-nine old subjects and thirty young subjects participated in this study. Tri-axial accelerations were measured on the back of upper body (head, shoulder and pelvis). Subjects performed two trials of walking on a treadmill in their own comfortable speeds. Three-way ANOVA (repeated measures) was carried out for the root mean square of each directional acceleration with age, gender and sensor position as independent factors. Results: Age effect was significant on the RMS accelerations of the transverse plane. In the anteroposterior direction, the pelvis acceleration was greater in the younger group, while the head acceleration was greater in the older group (p<0.05). In the mediolateral direction, the pelvis acceleration was comparable between age groups but the shoulder and head accelera...


To analyze the impact of connecting distributed generation (DG) with power distribution network on reclosure and line protection, taking the connection of DG with distribution network via 10kV line as background of the research and considering such factors as uncertain interconnection position of DG in distribution network, low connected capacity of DG and the coordination of one shot reclosure with DG, the flow direction of value of the current are calculated by computing formula of short-circuit current based on the topology of power grid at the very moment of connecting DG in, and the impacts of connecting DG with distribution network in different positions on line protection and reclosure are analyzed. It is pointed out that when any kind of fault occurs in transmission line or power grid, so long as the DG could be switched off fast and unselectively, the DG would not have affect on intrinsic line protection, thus it is not necessary to change the setting of intrinsic line protection.


AbstractAnalytical tools have been found to greatly assist sales managers in making better sales call allocation decisions, but many of these approaches are either too simplified to provide meaningful results or too complex for many sales organizations to use. Recently a grid analysis approach has been suggested as a promising way to increase sales productivity by improving sales call allocations. We present several methodological improvements for developing the grid and report a successful application of grid analysis.


Abscess of the Liver is not a disease of frequent occurrence in this country. It is principally to be found among residents in warm climates. Cases, however, are occasionally met with, especially among persons who have returned to England after spending some part of their lives in the East Indies or other tropical climate. Nor are those who have never left our own shores entirely exempt from attacks of hepatic abscess. The remarks in the following paper will have reference principally to the diagnosis of liver abscess, and to some of the sources of error which, may come in our way in attempting to form such diagnosis correctly. The symptoms of this disease are often very obscure; they follow no regular 'course. In some instances they are unmistakeably prominent and, clear; in others they are absent altogether. They often, simulate diseases of adjacent organs, and frequently baffle the practitioner by assuming a mask which hides the real^ malady. Rouis, in the cases collected by him in Algeria, found that the symptoms were only perfect in 8 per cent, p imperfect in 79 per cent.; and in 13 per cent, the disease ran a latent course.


he typewriter, now rapidly disappearing from business, school, and home, was once a familiar part of American life. Par ticularly in the last half of this century, we have often taken it for granted, forgetting that it had once been a technological innovation. The typewriter as we think of it today emerged from a period of varying designs and mechanical processes. These five models, all from the museum collections of the State Historical Society of Iowa, at test to inventors' various attempts to make a better typewriter. —by Jack Lufkin, museum curator State Historical Society of Iowa (Photos by Chuck Greiner)


The essence of human being is of creative, who creates everything that meets its own needs such as languages, houses, tools and technology. However, modern human being is falling into socalled "trap of technology". Human being gains desired benefits at the price of losing some others. Human being can't find itself in the context of technologist. Stepping into technologist will destine to end at the point of losing much more profits. Reason and principles of ethics is the primary start for against "technological order".


Surfaces of materials often corrode and deteriorate due to environmental conditions. There are various widely used methods of reducing corrosion rates to increase the lifetime of materials and equipment. Recently, there has been a growth in the use of nanotechnology to protect metals against corrosion. The application of nano-encapsulation techniques in the process industry is one of the important eras of nanotechnology. This review paper focuses on encapsulation, microencapsulation, and nano-encapsulation methods, emphasizing nano-encapsulation applications as corrosion inhibitions in the process industry.

Materials based on the self-healing mechanism were used in advanced applications such as structures, batteries, and coatings. These technologies may be studied in two ways: compounds with intrinsic self-healing properties and extrinsic self-healing materials with additives such as microcapsules filled with healing agents. Nano-coatings have advantages, like accelerated ground hardness, adhesive energy, long-time period and/or high-temperature corrosion resistance, tribological residence enhancement, etc. Nano-coatings can also be carried out in thinner and smoother layers, considering flexibility, accelerated performance, decreased fuel costs, and smaller carbon footprints, as well as occasional maintenance. The review of corrosion characteristics of polymeric nanocomposite material was discussed in this paper.

This review paper presents an updated overview summarizing the latest advances in the various micro/nanocarriers used for self-healing corrosion protective coatings.

With this information, the investigators will be able to modify the structure of the inhibitor to get the necessary corrosion inhibition capabilities. The need for a physical examination is rising as a result.


We tend to see border walls as stable concrete fortifications. This article seeks to offer an alternative understanding of walls by suggesting a shift in border studies from network thinking to meshwork thinking. Despite references to multiplicity, concepts of networks and assemblages in border studies continue to provide neat narratives of walls. This article reimagines the border beyond sovereign–disciplinary–biopolitical networks and assemblages. It argues that border walls are constituted by and constitutive of the ever-shifting transformative movements of lines: colonizing lines, crack lines and lines of flight. By tracing the lines of the Separation Wall in the West Bank, this article reveals that, on the border, all these lines coexist, entangle with one another, and in their entanglements, they alter each other to form a fluid meshwork. Meshwork thinking shows the constant mobility of the border and shifts our attention to the power of molecular movements beneath the state in creating, sustaining and disrupting power politics. By presenting a less state-centric, more complex picture of the Separation Wall, this article aims to highlight the movement of the lines that transform the border into a meshwork.


In this paper,a kind of remote video monitor system based on TMS320DM6446 of TI is introduced.The system can capture video streaming from Video IN port,and encode the video signal by DSP of TMS320DM6446.Then the encoded data is transported by ARM through WCMDA network.


Abstract The metallic content (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) of urban runoff waters has been studied after phase separation by 0,45 μm filtration, as well as global parameters. Sequential sampling has been performed during seven important rainfalls in a single residential area in 1991 and 1992. A minor first flush effect has been noted. The better part of the metallic pollutants was in the particulates at quite high concentrations (Cd 5 μg g‐1; Cu 400 μg g‐1; Pb 700 μg g‐1 and Zn 2000 μg g‐1). A study of the multiparameter correlations evidenced strong links between COD, BODg, Suspended Solids and Cu and Pb concentrations in the particulate phase. Conductivity was not correlated to any parameter.


THE PHONEY election campaign continued apace last week with good-news press releases flowing thick and fast from government, and opposition parties keeping up their attacks.


At present, in Colombia there is a unique historical moment that frames the application of a new scheme of justice - transitional justice -, a first line and controversial issue, which is part of the legal mechanisms to transform a society into internal conflict towards a transit to The peace, which was generated in the confrontation - armed rebellion - between the group called FARC EP - Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia Ejercito del Pueblo-, and Colombian State-Law of Law-, which has lasted more than 50 years in a continuous way in which attempts have been made to put an end to the confrontation without there being agreement. Thus, the warring parties - enemies - have come to dialogue with the purpose of ending the armed conflict through civilized consensus with the aim of giving it a happy ending through the design of a more inclusive society, in the That the weapons must be replaced by politics because the transformations of society will be through democratic instruments and not through violence. In this way, the armed rebellion will cease its action to overthrow the existing constitutional and legal institutions and, in turn, the Colombian State will not confront it. It should be remembered that the Colombian reality taught that during the period of intense war the state did not defeat the guerrillas and it did not defeat the National Army either, so it could not impose with weapons the model of a just society they preach. The scenario of the Colombian armed conflict is but a useless fratricidal armed confrontation - between brothers - of the same Homeland. The present research aims to determine the role of victims in the construction of the model of transitional justice within the context of the dialogues initiated in 2012 between the State and the Revolutionary Armed Forces - F.A.RC. EP - in Havana, Cuba, which lasted until December 2016. Therefore, a qualitative methodology is developed, aimed at the application in the factual reality of the transitional justice component, listening to the intervention of the victims in the Final agreement of the internal armed conflict of Colombia.


Dionysos, the god of wine, often shown on vases alongside his retinue of revelers, is a natural subject for the decoration of the room in which the symposium is held. Greek pebble mosaics, however, place particular emphasis on the god's identity as a traveler. Although Dionysos is Greek, he was raised on distant Mt. Nysa, from which he returned in a triumphal procession that crossed the known world. In andron mosaics, he is shown in the process of this return, mounted in a chariot drawn by panthers (Olynthos), or riding an exotic large cat (Pella, Eretria). This chapter posits that such mosaics present Dionysos as a theoros—a traveler whose exposure to the unfamiliar brings the new knowledge of viniculture to his homeland. In this way, Dionysos provides a model for the metaphorical journey of intellectual transformation that wine-drinking and conversation ideally produce in the event's participants.


Abstract The present study concerns the natural convective heat generating/absorbing, radiative magnetohydrodynamic, oscillatory fluid flow through a vertical porous channel with slip and temperature jump. The effect of Joule dissipation is taken into consideration while it is assumed that the flow is fully developed. The differential transforms method(DTM) is employed to solve the system of non-linear ordinary differential equations that is obtained from the non-linear partial differential equations governing the flow. Semi analytical solutions of the steady and unsteady part of the flow in the slip flow regime through a vertical porous channel are obtained. The effects of various flow parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles as well as Nusselt and skin friction are presented graphically and discussed. An excellent agreement between the results of this article and those available in the literature validated the presented approach.


Cyclic urea is known protease inhibitor and has been used for treatment of HIV. Thirty eight derivatives of cyclic urea whose activity is reported in terms of Ki have been chosen for QSAR study. Seven descriptors, heat of formation, molecular weight, total energy, HOMO energy, LUMO energy, absolute hardness and electronegativity in different combinations have been used for development of QSAR models. Fifty nine models have been recognized to provide good predictive models. The best among themare six which have regression coefficient values above 0.82. The combination of descriptors providing these models are (i) heat of formation, total energy, HOMO energy and electronegativity (ii) heat of formation, total energy, HOMOenergy andLUMOenergy (iii) heat of formation, total energy,HOMO energy and absolute hardness (iv) heat of formation, total energy, LUMO energy and absolute hardness (v) heat of formation, total energy, LUMO energy and electronegativity (vi) heat of formation, molecular weight, total energy and HOMO energy. It has been noticed that best three descriptors are heat of formation, total energy and molecular weight.


Endoscopic devices have limitations through fixed optical properties and narrow field-of-view, which can be overcome with an adaptive compound eye lens. However, fabrication challenges of this adaptive compound eye lens must be overcome.


Helicobacter pylori infection has been known to associate with gastric and peptic ulcer, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, lymphoma and gastric carcinoma. The hyperimmune serum prepared from six New Zealand White rabbits, by immunizing four times, biweekly with Helicobacter pylori bacterial extracts were used in this assay. The antisera were collected every week during week 0-11. The Western blots demonstrated at least 13 reactive bands with distinct molecular masses of approximate 80, 78, 73, 70, 63, 60, 28, 27, 24, 23, 18, 15 and 11 kDa. Increased antibody reactivity of hyperimmune sera against H. pylori developed intensive bands between 15- 28 kDa which were depended on time and dose exposures. This preliminary study suggested that the Western blot could be used as a potential serodiagnosis of H. pylori infection in further veterinary public health study.


We investigate the effects of feedback mode on student perceptions of faculty members. Specifically, do handwritten comments, versus typed comments using a tool such as "Track Changes" in Word, lead to differing perceptions of faculty warmth and/or competence? Further, we hypothesize a moderating effect of grade on this relationship. We are currently collecting data via a 2 (handwritten and typed feedback) X 3 (high, moderate and low grade) experiment to test our hypotheses.


Results: The mortality in TTTS group was significantly higher than control group (27.8% vs. 4.2%, P=0.001). The incidence of acute renal failure (41.2% vs. 9.7%, P<0.001), cardiac ventricular hypertrophy (31.3% vs. 2.9%, P<0.001), congestive heart failure (45.7% vs. 5.6%, P<0.001), grade ≥2 intraventricular hemorrhage (33.3% vs. 11.1%, P=0.012) and grade ≥2 periventricular leukomalacia (24.2% vs. 2.8%, P=0.001) were significantly higher in TTTS group than control group. There was no significant difference in mortality and morbidities between donors and recipients except significantly higher incidence of acute renal failure in donors (70.6% vs. 11.8%, P=0.001). Conclusion: Twin infants affected by TTTS have higher risk of neonatal death and several severe morbidities. These results indicate that alert monitoring and checking about possible morbidities are very important in newborns with TTTS and early intervention is critical for improving the overall outcome of the affected infants.


National Health Service trusts are required to report publicly on two distinct aspects of their activities: finance and patient care. Financial information is included in an annual report and accounts, while patient care performance is released in league tables as part of the Patient's Charter. This article discusses the background to the different measures and reports managerial reactions to them. It reports on a comparison of the results of a sample of NHS trusts in these two separate fields, which found no correspondence between financial and patient care performance. This finding is used to illuminate the role of such information in the process of accountability, drawing comparisons with the private sector.


Knowledge about protected management categories or models is basic for finding an optimal preserve protection. Protected area planning is not often a step-wise process, but still some aspects of planning depend on prior information or decisions. First should be selected goals for protection and then categories of protected area management. Foresight for design should be applied in reserve site selection and planning and than can be expected less reserve management problems. Regional inventory data are helpful in identifying specific sites. An opportunity in reserve selection is often neglected - using small reserves as a complement for the large reserves. Very important is regional development perspective and local people motivation for cooperation in preserves management. Planning and managing for natural processes is preferable to the traditional view of landform and biota because this processes require more space than the biotic landscape patterns, processes are harder to conceptualize and thus their importance may be underestimated. Planners and reserve managers must be careful by selection of planning goals because popularity of preserve may became superior to scientific or management protection goals. Inovation is key to successful biodiversity protection, and not fortress mentality or an absence of regulations.


This paper proposes the performance of single phase seven, nine and fifteen level asymmetrical H-bridge multilevel inverter. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique is used for pulse generation. By comparing reference and carrier signal, we can generate the SPWM for H-bridge inverter. This proposed inverter widely used in industrial applications such as speed control of induction motor, brushless dc motor etc. This switching scheme reduces the total harmonic distortion, switching losses and increases the output level.FFT analysis and output result of inverter with R-load is discussed in this paper.


Objective A single-blind clinical trial was co nducted in 182patients with mild to moderate hypertension to observe the effect of amlodipine on life quality.Method An assessing table was used to investigate the status of physical symptom s,sense of well-being,work performance,scores of depression,satisfaction with life,leisure activity and mental functio n before and after amlodipine administration.Result After a 6-month treatment,the physical symptoms,sense of well being,wo rk performance and mental function were improved significantly(P0.05~0.01),meanwhile,the drug had no signific ant effects on the scores of depression,leisure activity and satisfaction with life.Conclusion Amlodipine may improve the quality o f life of the patients with mild to mod erate hypertension .


Recently there have been tremendous interests about the fabrication of the solid state nanopore due to its capability of the nanosize biosensor. In this report, the dynamics of the Au nanopore formation on the pyramidal membrane will be reported. The nanopores on the microfabricated Au coated SiO2 pyramid were fabricated using focused ion beam (FIB) and high energy electron beam techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). For high scanning electron beam irradiation using FESEM, shrinking of the Au nanopore was always observed. The nanopore formation dependent upon the primary electron voltage, and the scan rate of the FESEM electron beam was carefully examined. The higher closing rates for the faster scan rate and the lower electron accelerating voltage are observed. For the TEM electron beam exposure, the closing or the opening of the pore was observed depending upon the electron beam current. We do believe that this phenomenon can be attributed to the capillary force and the vaporization of the materials on the viscous liquid membrane due to TEM electron beam irradiation.


The position of expenses in high technology equipment is more and more important.The article applies the Life Cycle Cost(LCC)to analysis navigation equipment,then obtain the economic life of a navigation equipment.The conclusion is valuable to navigation equipment management in army.


This article is published as part of the Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography special issue 'Palestinian Futures Anticipation, Imagination, Embodiments', edited by Mikko Joronen, Helga Tawil-Souri, Merav Amir & Mark Griffiths. ABSTRACT The Arabic saying, 'al-umm bitlim', literally 'the mother gathers' speaks to the way mothers are imagined as a centripetal force that brings and holds the family together. For Palestinian refugees in Lebanon, now in their seventh decade of exile, the task of gathering and holding the family together becomes increasingly challenging. Decades of war and internecine fighting have made the destruction of home and its regeneration a way of life; rupture and loss are routine and prepared for; families are displaced yet again; and it is mothers, above all, who are tasked with managing survival and building futures for their children. As an analytic, motherhood affords access to the temporal and gendered imaginaries of family life and futurity. Ambivalently positioned between private and public – the domestic intimacies of child-rearing and larger social worlds – the roles ascribed to mothers reveal a shifting, intersecting set of societal expectations and historical forces. This paper explores what it means to sustain and care for children in and through and against conditions of protracted displacement and crisis, where the future appears foreclosed. It considers the disjunction between the imagined and lived selfhood of Suhaila, a mother from Shatila camp now seeking asylum in Belgium with her family.


The response of South Pacific Eastern Subtropical Mode Water (SPESTMW) to global warming is investigated by comparing solutions from a set of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) coupled models between a present‐day climate and a future, warmer climate. Under the warmer climate scenario, the SPESTMW extends southwestward and is significantly increased in volume. This is because all the local surface forcing mechanisms (i.e., wind stress, heat and freshwater fluxes) in the eastern subtropical South Pacific tends to de‐stratify the upper ocean and thus deepen the mixed layer. Further, a suite of process‐oriented experiments with an ocean general circulation model suggest that it is the intensified southeast trade winds under the warmer climate that promotes more heat flux from the ocean into the atmosphere that then results in a deepening of the mixed layer in the eastern subtropics of the South Pacific.


We demonstrate the fabrication of a simple metamaterial-diffraction grating device that both amplifies and converts evanescent waves into propagating ones while operating in the visible and being probed in a simple total internal reflection configuration.


This report documents a feasibility study conducted to identify, characterize, and evaluate the human reliability aspects of ultrasonic testing/inservice inspection (UT/ISI). During this study, the following four inter-dependent tasks were completed: (1) perform a literature survey to identify significant human performance factors and develop a better measure of performance for the UT/ISI process, (2) develop task element descriptions for a typical UT/ISI process, (3) prepare a test plan to conduct a human performance evaluation in conjunction with a mini-round robin study, and (4) prepare a project plant for conducting the needed follow-on work identified during the feasibility study. This report includes an assessment of UT applications in the nuclear industry, emphasizing the UT/ISI system (personnel, equipment, and procedures). A man-machine systems model is used to describe the UT/ISi process, and the Relative Operating Charcteristic (ROC) analysis approach for analyzing NDT performance is discussed. The five basic performance-shaping factors (variables) are evaluated with respect to potential impact on UT/ISI performance. Conclusions are drawn based on this limited scope study, and recommendations are made for needed folow-on work toward improving UT/ISI reliability.


Smart materials used as generators have received considerable attention lately and several prototypes were built to demonstrate the process. The focus of this paper is to show how the dielectric elastomers can be used as variable capacitor generator, how the maximum energy gain can be withdrawn from the system by realizing an innovative current waveform to charge and discharge the polymer. The paper presents a dynamic model to calculate the capacitance of the electroactive polymer according to the external loading and investigates and compares several energy harvesting cycles based on the energy gain. Several energy harvesting cycles are introduced and their energy output compared. The most promising cycle has been optimized to increase its production while taking several limiting factors into account. By obtaining this optimized innovative current waveform, a suitable power electronics converter can be designed for a real application.


Starting from a microscopic stochastic lattice spin system and the corresponding coarse-grained model we introduce a mathematical strategy to recover microscopic information given the coarse-grained data. We define " reconstructed " microscopic measures satisfying two conditions: (i) they are close in specific relative entropy to the initial microscopic equilibrium measure conditioned on the coarse-grained data and (ii) their sampling is computationally advantageous when compared to sampling directly from the conditioned microscopic equilibrium measure. 1. Introduction. Problems in scientific disciplines ranging from materials science to the dynamics of macromolecules, to the spread of epidemics and climate modeling involve non-linear interactions within a vast disparity of scales ranging from the microscopic to the macroscopic. While microscopic simulation methods such as Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo (MC) algorithms can describe aspects of such complex systems, they are limited to short scales when compared to morphological features such as vortices, traveling waves or domain walls that typically involve much larger mesoscopic scales. In recent years there has been a growing interest in developing hierarchical coarse-graining (CG) methods to address this problem. The idea is to reduce the complexity of the microscopic system by lumping together degrees of freedom into appropriately chosen CG variables defining in this way a Coarse-Grained model. By focusing on the relevant order parameter (CG observable depending on the particular problem) one designs numerical methods of significantly reduced computational cost. Such CG models have been developed for the study and simulation of a number of applications, such as crystal growth, surface processes, polymers, proteins and complex fluids, among others ([1], [18], [21]). In particular, coarse-graining of polymeric chains and other macromolecular systems has attracted considerable attention. In this particular context the CG method consists in grouping together in a systematic manner several atoms on a macromolecule creating an effective new chain (see e.g. [8], [22], [2]). In the present paper we are interested in the reconstruction of microscopic models given the CG data. The motivation for this is twofold. First, the CG model being computationally advantageous, it is natural to approximate the microscopic model via the folllowing multi-scale procedure: 1. Coarse-Graining: Derivation of a CG model from the original microscopic model. 2. CG simulation. 3. Microscopic Reconstruction: Being given a CG configuration η define a reconstructed microscopic model on the ground of η. 4. Simulation of the reconstructed microscopic model. In short, the idea in this method is to reproduce the …


High‐resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) has become a leading tool in the assessment of esophageal motor disorders, replacing conventional manometry. However, there is limited data about the contribution of HREM as compared with conventional manometry to the assessment of esophageal motor disorders in patients with non‐cardiac chest pain (NCCP). The aim of the study was to compare the distribution of esophageal motor disorders in patients with NCCP using HREM as compared with conventional manometry and to determine if HREM improved diagnosis of these disorders.


Objective To establish an insulin resistance model in HepG2 cells and to observe the effect of mangiferin on insulin resistance in vitro. Methods With insulin-induced HepG2 cells,insulin resistance model was established and the effects of mangiferin on insulin resistance,glucose metabolism,and lipid oxidation in HepG2 cells were detected. Results Compared with the control group,glucose level( 6. 201 ± 0. 049 mmol /L) elevated in the insulin resistance model group and glycogen content( 0. 722 ± 0. 0071 μg /μgprot) decreased; malodialdehyde( MDA) content( 3.224 ±0.203 nmol/mgprot) increased and superoxide dismutase( SOD) activity( 48.406 ±7.183 U/mgprot) declined.Compared with the model group,glucose level( 5. 183 ±0. 161 mmol /L) reduced; glycogen content( 1. 122 ± 0. 115 μg /μgprot)significantly increased; MDA content( 1. 511 ± 0. 374 nmol /mgprot) declined; and SOD activity( 79. 891 ±9. 926 U /mgprot)increasesd in HepG2 cells treated with mangiferin( 1 000 g /ml),with a dose-response relationship. Mangiferin had no obvious effect on glucose metabolism in normal hepG2 cells. Conclusion Mangiferin could improve sugar metabolism,which may be pertinent to promote glycogen synthesis and reduce lipid peroxide formation,improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes in insulin resistance HepG2 cell model.


Christianity as discipleship, of the Church as brotherhood, and of the new ethic of love and non-resistance. Professor Fritz Blanke remarks interestingly, in his article on "Anabaptism and the Reformation," that "The city on the Limmat (Zurich) is the cradle of the now world-wide Anabaptist-Mennonite-Baptist tradition." Also, Dr. Ernest A. Payne, general secretary of the Baptist Union of Great Britain and Ireland, writes a later essay on "The Anabaptist Impact on Western Civilization." This book is of the same high quality of scholarship and workmanship that we have learned to expect in Mennonite publications. It is difficult to see how anyone who is interested in Reformation history, the Anabaptists, or the modern Free Church movement can afford to overlook this significant volume. It is a work of the largest practical and inspirational value. W. L. Lumpkin


Innovation and knowledge exchange are critical to foster adaptive management and continual learning. Across the spectrum of knowledge exchange, ranging from peer-reviewed research to anecdotes, there is a largely untapped middle ground: real-world silvicultural case studies implemented and documented by foresters. The University of Minnesota Great Lakes Silviculture Library is a novel, freely available platform designed to enable foresters to exchange these case studies. Five years after its launch, we conducted focus groups with foresters from Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA, and Ontario, Canada, to explore the platform's usage and value. Participants valued having access to examples of silvicultural treatments and their outcomes that they could easily digest, apply, and share. They gained new knowledge from management across administrative boundaries. They also appreciated the consistent, relatable case study format. However, participants noted that limited time was the primary barrier to wider authorship and readership. The Library enables information exchange across agencies and disciplines within natural resources, giving greater voice to practicing foresters and supplementing other sources of forestry knowledge.

 In our experience, foresters have always valued opportunities to exchange ideas and anecdotes about silvicultural treatments. Case studies represent one way for foresters to communicate with each other and continue to learn by seeing a variety of silvicultural prescriptions implemented on the landscape. Documenting treatments and the supporting reasoning allows foresters to share lessons learned over the course of their career with others across administrative boundaries. Normalizing this documentation can create a positive feedback loop for a case study platform in which further case study submissions lead to increased visibility, use, and perceived value of the platform. As the case study platform becomes more relevant to foresters, the forestry profession as a whole benefits from the long-term documentation of an increasingly diverse array of treatments.


In this research, the clinical and radiological findings after the treatment of distal femoral fractures in cats using hybrid external fixator were evaluated. The research material consisted of totally 10 cats with different ages, races and sexes that were clinically diagnosed with femoral fracture. Hybrid external fixators configured by both circular and linear fixators were used as osteosynthesis materials in the study. Two cases with closed fractures were applied with closed reduction and external fixation methods whereas 8 cases diagnosed with open fracture or excessive dislocation underwent limited open reduction and external fixation. The radiological examination findings revealed that fracture consolidation started on the postoperative 7th and 10th days in 9 and 1 cases, respectively. Bone healing was completed (formation of osseous callus was detected) in 4, 5 and 6 weeks in 2, 2 and 6 cases, respectively. The fixators of all the patients were removed 1 week after completion of healing. In the study, soft tissue complications such as edema of the related extremity, mild pin-base infection and open fracture wound were determined in 3, 3 and 4 cases, respectively. However, these complications were found not to negatively affect the healing time of the fractures. As a consequence, it was concluded according to the data obtained from this study that distal femoral fractures in the cats within the age and weight range of the study can be successfully treated using hybrid external fixator method


the following phases; the definition of the model and construction of the sys - tem, for testing and combinations of the various subsets with the Algorithms Multiclass Neural Network and Multiclass Decision Forest and using holdout and cross validation


A cascade luminescent chamber made up of three image tubes coupled with refractive optics was used to photograph tracks of cosmic ray mu mesons in a sodium iodide crystal. The very high time resolution and postevent triggering achieved through these experiments will facilitate experimentation with impure beams from acceleration and with cosmic rays. The apparatus is described with details of measurement on image tube characteristics and the nature of background. The same type of apparatus is applicable to other problems where very weak light signals (several thousand photons total) must be photographed. (auth)


Using scanning tunneling microscopy and ab initio simulations, we have identified several configurations for Cu dopants in ${\text{Cu}}_{x}$${\text{Bi}}_{2}$${\text{Se}}_{3}$, with Cu intercalants being the most abundant. Through statistical analysis, we show strong short-range repulsive interactions between Cu intercalants. At intermediate range (g5 nm), the pair distribution function shows oscillatory structure along the $\ensuremath{\langle}10\overline{1}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ directions, which appear to be influenced by different diffusion barriers along the $\ensuremath{\langle}10\overline{1}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ and $\ensuremath{\langle}2\overline{1}\overline{1}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ directions.


New methodology for the synthesis of functionalized
α-fluorophosphonates which utilizes organocopper-mediated reduction
has been developed and applied to the preparation of a
monofluoromethyl-substituted phosphoserine mimetic-containing peptide.


The Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE) has implemented a simple procedure to assess the noise impact of a wind farm, consisting of a group of wind turbines. The process identifies the locations of the wind turbines within the wind farm as well as all the sensitive receptors within an influence zone of 1 km. It evaluates the noise levels at all identified receptor locations by using a standardized propagation model such as ISO-9613. The procedure also allows the potential masking effect of the prevailing wind noise. Meteorological data, wind speed and direction are obtained as one-hour averages from the weather station near the wind farm. The wind speeds at 10 m high are converted to a hub-height of 80 m and then reconverted back to the 10 m high wind speeds. The results show that local conditions do not follow any set patterns and there can be substantial variations in evaluated noise levels.


The system of indicators that monitor the sustainable development of a country must give a clear picture of the three dimensions, dimensions which refer to: society, economy, environment. These indicators should be obtained from harmonized data sources in terms of methodology with international standards, have been obtained from reliable data sources, to be clear, viable, easy to revisions to their update. In Romania too, the indicators system developed by the INS, incorporates a pyramid structure of economic indicators, social and environmental, used to assess dimensional sustainable development. Paper: http://ccefa.spiruharet.ro/materiale/dder.pdf


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to synthetic biologically active heterocyclic substances having antagonist activity on purinoreceptors and which are products of modifying pyridoxin, particularly n-(1,5-dihydro-3-R-8-methyl-9-hydroxy-[1,3]dioxepino[5,6-c]pyridinyl-6-azo)phenyl sulphonic acid and salt forms thereof of general formula I , where is selected from: a hydrogen atom, ethyl, heptyl or octyl. EFFECT: compounds of the given formula have high antagonist activity on purinoreceptors and can be used in medicine and veterinary. 2 tbl, 5 ex


A novel adsorbent with high capacity of the adsorption of Au3+,was prepared by immobilizing persimmon tannin(PT)on chitosan.The effects of the initial solution pH,adsorbent dosage and temperature on the adsorption capacity of persimmon tannin immobilized chitosan were investigated.The results show that the initial solution pH and adsorbent dosage were key factors to improve its adsorption capacity of Au3+,a high adsorption value(1500mg/g)of Au3+was obtained when the initial concentration of Au3+is 350mg/L,tested at 303K,pH=3.0,the ortho phenolic hydroxyl of persimmon tannins can reduce Au3+ion to simple Au.The adsorption isothermal data and kinetic data tallies well with the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order model,respectively.All these results indicated that as-prepared adsorbent is useful for the concentration of noble metal.


Since the pioneering work of Reep and Benjamin (1968) on regained possessions, there has been a lack of detailed, informative research in the area. The aim of this study was to analyse all elements of transitions to attack in elite football. The influence of turnover zone, turnover type and 'on the ball' player actions upon scoring goals and creating scoring opportunities (S.O.'s) were examined. A total of 3,077 transitions from all 29 games of the 2014-15 Champion's League knockout stages were coded. Multidimensional qualitative data using 11 ordered categorical variables were obtained to characterise each transition. Data were analysed using chi-square analysis. Winning turnovers in offensive areas increased the chance of scoring a goal and creating a S.O. (p < .001). Nearly half of all turnovers in the offensive zone, 49.45% (n=45) resulted in a S.O., and 7.69% (n=7) lead to goals. The tackle was the most productive way to turnover the ball (p < .05). Teams created significantly more S.O.s and scored more goals when the first and second actions after the turnover were forward (p < .05); successful dribbles, runs with the ball and long passes were the optimal player actions. Further analysis revealed that successful teams (top 4) created more S.O.'s from the defensive, defensive midfield and offensive midfield but not the offensive zone (p < .01). Finally teams created more S.O.s from turnovers in the offensive half, but not the defensive half, when losing or drawing the tie (p < .05). It was concluded that teams should press high to win turnovers and create S.O.'s, supporting the findings of Reep and Benjamin (1968). It was further concluded that the immediate player actions after winning the turnover are critical to the outcome of the transition.


Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique based on the ability of DNA polymerase to synthesize a new strand of DNA which is complementary to the template strand offered and amplifying this strand to billions of amplicons. There are different types of PCR reactions for different types of experiments but reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is most commonly used PCR reactions in the field of genomics and proteomics basically at mRNA level. A wide range of procedures have been devised for studying PCR products like gel electrophoresis, cloning and sequencing of PCR products, etc. The PCR products from gel electrophoresis are in the form of images, therefore image processing techniques are commonly used to analyze these images in three main steps i.e. band detection, band matching, and data quantification. Image processing sometimes alters the intensity of image which can at points improve the visualization of the data. But if that image alteration mischaracterizes the data, one has gone too far and this is known as plagiarism. Therefore, it is important to safeguard and protect the original, unaltered image in order to avoid the accusations of misconduct which will stand or fall on the basis of whether or not the original image is available to be compared with its altered copies. For example, investigators whose work fall under the food and drug administration's (FDA's) "Final Rule on Electronic Records and Electronic Signatures" must maintain the integrity of the original image. Similarly, industries whose work products are used in forensic activities or in health insurance portability and accountability act (HIPAA) related aspects of health care might be required to maintain an original image. Therefore, the plagiarism of RT-PCR data has tremendous impact on research if left ignored as seen through the above examples and therefore should be taken care.


The water body was regarded as a gray system and the water quality index was regarded as a gray category.Considering the indetermination of water quality classification,the water quality of the surface water was evaluated with the gray correlation analysis method of gray system theory.Given a example of Wuliangsuhai lake,analysis results showed that the method is more accurate and is reasonable and feasible to application in the wide area.


This work demonstrates the modification of electrical parameters of the Au/n-GaN Schottky junction (SJ) by a thin magnetite metal (Fe3O4) interlayer in between the Au and n-GaN substrates. The current–voltage (I–V), voltage-dependent capacitance–frequency (C–f) and conductance–frequency (G–f) characteristics of the Au/Fe3O4/n-GaN heterojunction (HJ) are systematically studied. Using statistical analysis, the mean barrier heights and ideality factors are found to be 0.70 eV and 1.62 for the SJ and 0.84 eV and 1.87 for the HJ, respectively. It is noticed that the mean barrier height of Au/ Fe3O4/n-GaN HJ increases as compared that of the Au/n-GaN SJ, indicating the Fe3O4 interlayer modified the barrier height. The SJ revealed a transition from Poole–Frenkel emission at low voltages to Schottky emission at high voltages. However, the HJ exhibited Schottky emission over whole voltage range. It is observed that the higher values of capacitance decrease at low frequencies that are attributed to the excess capacitance resulting from the interface states in equilibrium with the n-GaN which could respond the ac signal. The interface states density (NSS) and relaxation time (τ) of the Au/Fe3O4/n-GaN HJ are estimated from C–f plots, respectively. The NSS reveals that the interface states decrease with voltage from the bottom of the conduction band toward the mid-gap.


AbstractThe study, which adopted ex-post facto research design, investigated the influence of industrial conflict on perceived employee work performance. A total of one hundred and fifty (150) employees were drawn from three selected Local Government Secretariats (Irewole, Isokan and Ayedaade) in Osun state, Nigeria. In all, eighty-five (85) were males representing 65.4%, while the remaining forty five (45) were females representing 34.6% of the total participants. The age ranged between 19 - 56 years with a mean age of 34.46 years and standard deviation (SD) of 8.23 years. Five hypotheses were tested in the course of the study. The result obtained revealed that there was a significant relationship between industrial conflict and perceived work performance (r (128) =0.452, P0.05).The third hypothesis indicated that there is no significant gender difference on the perceived work performance (t (2,128) =0.167, P>0.05).The fourth hypothesis indicated that employee grade level has a significant relationship on the perceived work performance (r (128) =0.284, PKeywords: Industrial conflict, perceived work performance, employee, productivity, local government areaINTRODUCTIONWork performance is generally regarded as an unquestioned fact of life in most large organizations. This is because of its widely accepted and generally unquestioned benefits. When asked, most organizations would argue that the system brings about the benefits of employees being a given feedback regarding their performance, usually at least once a year so that action can be taken to rectify any weaknesses. This would hopefully lead to more effective performance and increased productivity, the system provides an opportunity for performance related discussions that could include; setting goals and work objectives for the employee, aligning individual and organizational goals, identifying training and development needs, and discussing career progression opportunities. The system results in a fair and valid basis for recognizing and rewarding individual performance, the person or persons doing the work may gain new insight into the person being appraised, and vice versa. In the process, the job of the person being appraised may be clarified and better defined; the employer would also be in a better position to understand the problems faced by the employees and employees will take pride in their work when they reach a goal. In essence, the list of benefits highlighted above represents an ideal and perfect view of work performance. Those who study organization and the behaviour of people in organization are concerned with a host of issues, but work performance has always been the bottom line. Unless members of an organization do their jobs, the organization ultimately fails. Of recent, Blumberg and Pringle (1982) proposed a model of work performance that tries to improve on the traditional performance equation (performance = Ability x Motivation) by attempting to incorporate the full range of individual and environmental variables, which interact to produce level and quality of work performance. This model consists of three components, which they call Opportunity, Capacity and Willingness to perform. All organizations face the problem of directing the energies of their staff to the task of achieving organizational goals and objectives. In doing so, organizations need to devise means to influence and channel the behaviours of their employees so as to optimize their contributions. …


disorders that may dramatically affect cognitive and social competence (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, dyslexia, autism, attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder, Parkinson's disease) are mainly attributable to neurochemical imbalances, such as aberrant dopaminergic activity.5 This imbalance may well explain various symptoms of DCD, such as difficulties in handwriting, language, motor planning, and spatial organization. Concurrently, symptoms of children with DCD closely resemble those of patients with lesions of the posterior parietal cortex, patients with attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder, or Parkinson's disease.1 Pathophysiological similarities of DCD with developmental disorders are also apparent in shared risk-factors, i.e. low birthweight and exposure to specific pharmacological agents and/or toxins during pregnancy and lactation. This may also provide an explanation for the increased prevalence of left-handedness in children with DCD,2 as the developmental 'fault' causing the shift to the right hemisphere is most likely to be of chemical origin.3 Yet, no study to date has directly examined the effect of specific neurochemical agents in relation to DCD. More research on DCD in the future should focus on the neurochemical level and investigate for possible biophysical causative agents.


This is an anachronistic attempt to revisit "Theory in the 1980s" by casting light from an Other angle, namely, two anti-Cartesian critical tours de force-Vichian criticism and Spinozist critique-heuristically corresponding to Edward W. Said's "secular criticism" and Paul de Man's "deconstructive critique," respectively. Said's article "Secular Criticism" and de Man's Messenger Lectures, both appearing in 1983, are closely analyzed in light of topics, patent or latent, including "epistemology of error"; "truth-as-trope and the-True-as-occurrence"; "the literal and figural body"; "humanized and dehumanized conatus"; "Humanistic and dehumanized philology"; "secularism and worldliness"; "oppositional criticism and immanent critique"; and "Ethics-as-ethology." The essay's end is emphatically not to "map"- let alone "define"-the entire discursive formation tentatively called "Theory in the 1980s," but, rather, to essayistically open up the field of speculation beyond the spatio-temporal confines of individual oppositions or conflicts that informed those particular discourses. In the end, a possibility of reading the conjunction "or" in the title, "Vico or Spinoza," as otherwise than oppositional, will be suggested in the form of a post-scriptum supplement.


length, Imt a mere essay on dental hygiene, and I shall abstain from those long technical words, more or less irregular; some would seem like India-rubber, on account of the facility with which they are lengthened at pleasure. My object is, therefore, to awaken the attention of the public on one of their most precious advantages, which in order to preserve them, they display the most incomprehensible indifierence. ISTe vertlieless, this subject concerns, at the same time, the clean liness, health and rest which are obtained only by the absence of pain and the most constant care. We do not agree, I believe, on what really constitutes beauty. Our different ways of seeing and judging render its definition an object of great difficulty. All the parts which compose the human fignre vary in their form to the utmost extent. That is why we are prevented from clearly defining it, and describing how their harmony produces what we agree to call a handsome or ugly face. So we are induced to say that beauty is only and properly regarded as such by a general and implied convention ; but that convention is unspecified according to different climates


The concept of an elementary null sequence of a linear sequential circuit is introduced. Its properties are used to formulate a necessary and sufficient condition for the invertibility of a linear sequential circuit and to determine the minimal dimension of an L -delay inverse. A general method is given for constructing a minimal dimension inverse which utilizes the state description of the original linear sequential circuit and which applies whenever L = 0 or whenever the next-state map of the linear sequential circuit (LSC) is onto.


Evidence has been accumulating that insult to mitochondria, not only of the liver but also of other tissues, and resulting damage may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of Reye's syndrome (Partin, 1975). In this respect we have schemed to measure serum enzymes of mitochondrial origin as a tool for the diagnosis of this syndrome. Glutamic oxa lacetic transamiase (GOT) is known to exist in 2 isozyme forms, namely, mitochondrial GOT (GOTm) and GOT in scluble fraction (GOTs), and a method of quantitative fractionation of the 2 isozymes using immunological technique has been reported Wada, 1976). Activity of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), another mitochodrial enzyme existing almost exclusively in the liver tissue, is also detected in human serum (Ohshita et al., 1976). We measured the 2 GOT isozymes and OTC in serum of a patient with Reye's syndrome, a patient having myopathy in whom abnormal configuration of mitochondria of skeletal muscle and liver was demonstrated and who developed intermittent heart failure and patients with hepatobiliary diseases (Table 1). In a patient with Reye's syndrome, GOTm was persistently elevated and ratio of GOTm to total GOT (GOTt, sum of GOTm and GOTs) remained over 20% on the days 3 through 6. GOTm and GOTm/GOTt ratio were both predominantly elevated in the myopathy patient during the episode of heart failure and muscular weakness, while GOTm was less elevated when he recovered from the attack. Patients with serum hepatitis and biliary atresia also had increased GOTm but GOTm/GOTt ratio never exceeded 20%. OTC level was also higher than normal both in patient with Reye's syndrome and the patients with hepatobiliary diseases. Thus, the combination of elevated serum OTC, GOTt and GOTm with high GOTm/GOTt ratio (over 20%) may be a predominating serum enzyme pattern in Reye's syndrome that may be distinguishable from that of other hepatic diseases. It is also demonstrated that a process involving mitochondria causes elevation of GOTm and GOTm/GOTt ratio in serum from the observation on the patient with myopathy and abnormal mitochondria. These data may be indicative of mitochondrial damage in Reye's syndrome and provide us with the possibility of nonhistologic diagnosis of Reye's syndrome.


Data users have expressed interest in analyzing trends in prices for domestically produced products versus imports by comparing Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) producer price indexes (PPIs) to BLS import price indexes (MPIs). Because BLS publishes both PPIs and MPIs classified according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), potential exists for comparing price trends using NAICS-based PPIs and MPIs. There are, however, four important potential differences between PPIs and MPIs that data users should consider before comparing the two series. This article explains these potential differences and presents a new data table for assessing the comparability of NAICS-based PPIs and MPIs.


Quality and excellence are requirements that Society demands from universities. However, several questions arise in the real-world application of these concepts: How can they be incorporated into the classrooms or laboratories? What is the proper way to create a quality and innovation culture in daily teaching? In order to answer to these questions, this paper presents a code of good teaching practice based on quality and innovation concepts that can be applied in Higher Education. This code is the result of the experience gained by four university teachers for eleven years. It has been developed considering several international standards. The code is composed of different processes covering all aspects of the teaching activities. It helps teachers to continuously improve the quality of their work and can serve for any area of Higher Education. To represent the code, a process map, several flowcharts, sheets of processes and records have been defined. Additionally, a Web application implementing all items of the code has been designed in order to facilitate its real-world application


At the firm level, what facilitates co-creation of value? This paper reflects on the theoretical literature on value co-creation and makes the argument that a strong firm-level innovation culture is an essential prerequisite to co-creating value between firms and customers. This study reports the results of a benchmarking exercise of firm-level innovation practices in a representative sample of 215 manufacturing SMEs across 6 industrial sub-sectors in Singapore. Singapore is undergoing sweeping economic reforms aimed at reenergizing the manufacturing sector, improving productivity, fostering collaborations and innovation in creating value. The government's efforts in Singapore to incentivize firms to collaborate with external stakeholders and co-create value is largely encumbered by firm-level characteristics (poor communication, limited empowerment, lack of collaboration, top-down approaches, limited appetite for risk and failure) and other attributes that do not facilitate innovation, collaboration, and co-creation of value. Our findings are a lesson in caution, and the limited efficacy of the role of incentives to improve collaboration and the creation of value, in the absence of a culture that facilitates innovation.


Patient: Female, 68-year-old Final Diagnosis: Pleural effusion Symptoms: Breathlessness • shortness of breath Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff repair Specialty: Orthopedics and Traumatology Objective: Unusual or unexpected effect of treatment Background: Airway compromise caused by massive fluid extravasation in association with arthroscopic shoulder surgery is rare. However, it is even more rare to occur as a result of pleural effusion. We present this case to increase the awareness of this rare complication and show how to minimize the likelihood of this uncommon incident. Case Report: We describe a case of a 68-year-old woman who underwent elective shoulder arthroscopy for rotator cuff repair. She had immediate postoperative shortness of breath and was found to have bilateral pulmonary edema and pleural effusion accompanied by metabolic acidosis. She was managed conservatively in the intensive care unit and then transferred to the general ward after clinical and radiological improvement the next day. Conclusions: This uncommon complication was self-limiting, and the patient recovered uneventfully. High clinical suspicion is required to address this event so proper rapid management can be made.


Objective To investigate the effect of psychological intervention on level of hope and quality of life in the breast cancer patients.Methods Ninety five breast cancer patients were randomized into intervention group and control group for an eight-week observation.Herth hope index(HHI)and Quality of life core questionnaire for European tumor patients(QLQ-C30)were used to observe the effect of psychological intervention on level of hope and quality of life in the breast cancer patients.Results Hope scores in total and in three subcategories were higher in intervention group((40.43±4.25),(13.28±1.61),(13.62±1.70),(13.53±1.52))than that in control group((37.82±4.49),(12.29±1.89),(12.90±1.67),(12.63±1.51))with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Scores for general quality of life,body function and role function were higher in intervention group((82.27±15.11),(75.89±12.24),(72.34±22.86))than that in control group((65.82±14.16),(68.30±16.42),(53.06±27.36))with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Scores for fatigue,pain,insomnia and loss of appetite were lower in intervention group((39.48±14.62),(25.18±16.98),(29.79±24.31),(18.44±21.77))than that in control group((49.43±17.58),(36.74±19.54),(46.26±28.72),(40.82±22.84))with statistically significant differences(P<0.01).Conclusion-Psychological intervention could improve the level of hope and quality of life in the breast cancer patients.

Key words:
Breast Cancer; Hope; Quality of life; Psychological intervention


Point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) diagnosis of distal forearm fractures relies on the identification of buckling or breach of hyperechoic bone cortex. We describe the pronator quadratus hematoma (PQH) formation visualized on POCUS, the PQH sign, as it may aid diagnosis of pediatric distal forearm cortical breach fractures.


Security is one of the necessities of daily life for individuals and societies. Each system or organization seeks to increase the level of security in order to protect per-sonnel and its properties. In this paper, we designed a full system for SPMS and we focused on the verification process only because of its importance and being considered as a pivot of the whole system. We focus on one of the important people in the society, who are elementary school students, especially when the students dismiss the school in the releas-ing time, and who is going to take them home after school. From this point, we try to suggest solutions by making mechanism for student's dismissal.through the open gates and let the students go with their in-dividuals or the school bus randomly. In the traditional way, there is a lack of verifying the individual who would take the student. This method is lead to a lot of risks such as kidnap-ping and so on. From this point, it is necessary to have a mechanism for the school dismissal procedure. This proce-dure will verify the individuals when they pick up their stu-dents. When we apply this level of security principles, we will come up with these advantages that provide safety for students, confirm the individual's identity, good perfor-mance in dismissal time and store and save time out of each student.


The magma-water interaction in closed systems was studied by a lumped-parameter model which employs the conservation of mass and balance of energy equations for magma, water, and gas (water vapor). The resulting system of ordinary differential equations models the distributions of system pressure, gas volume, water droplet size, and magma, water, and gas temperatures as a function of time and system parameters. The system parameters include the characteristics of the surrounding rocks and degrees of magma and water fragmentation as specified by the initial water and magma drop sizes. The resulting model was applied to the rupturing of lava tunnels at Etna and magma-water interaction in the magmatic conduit of Vesuvius during the gray eruption phase in A.D. 79. The results demonstrate that very rapid system pressurization times of the order of a tenth of a second are possible when the water and magma are highly fragmented. The magma-water interaction within the conduit of Vesuvius was associated with the water inflow into the conduit due to the decrease of the magmatic pressure below the hydrostatic pressure of the surrounding aquifer and fracturing of the conduit wall. The predicted times of pressure increase within the conduit and the high pressure achieved are consistent with observations of phreatomagmatic eruptions and characteristics of the deposits which suggest that these eruptions are characterized by a series of eruptive pulses associated with the transition between magmatic and hydromagmatic phases.


Ammunition collectively termed practice ammunition is available in a multiplicity of designs suitable for use in a wide range of service ordnance. Ammunition used for practice contains live components and is designed to inflict minimum damage to or at the target. It is used primarily to reduce costs associated with using operational ammunition for maintaining those skills acquired during initial training programs. This report investigates the feasibility of producing locally a low cost purpose designed practice projectile to be used by the Medium Gun Regiment for training with 155 mm howitzers. The overall aim was to review the current processes for manufacturing high explosive filled projectiles and then to identify those processes which might not be necessary for the manufacture of practice projectiles, thereby reducing production costs. Two configurations, one utilizing production shell bodies filled with high explosive substitute and the second based on a hollow shell, are discussed. Both configurations are considered suitable as practice projectiles with potential cost savings, when compared with the operational round, of 30% to 50%. Empirical trials demonstrated the feasibility of using small spotting charges to provide the required aural and visual signatures necessary for effective artillery practice. Approved for Public Release POSTAL ADDRESS: Director. Materials Resaerch Laboratorles P.O. Box 50, Ascot Vale, Victoria 3032. Australia SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE UNCLASSIFIED /. / / / -, DOCUMENT CONTROL DATA SHEET REPORT NO. AR NO. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION MRL-R-1020 AR-004-837 Unclassified TITLE The development of low cost 155 mm practice ammunition: a feasibility study AUTHOR(S) CORPORATE AUTHOR Materials Research Laboratories P.P. Elischer P.O. Box 50, Ascot Vale, Victoria 3032 REPORT DATE TASK NO. SPONSOR September 1986 ARM 84/016 Army FILE NO. REFERENCES PAGES G6/4/8-3133 7 24 CLASSIFICATION/LIMITATION REVIEW DATE CLASSIFICATION/RELEASE AUTHORITY Superintendent, MRL Physical Chemistry Division SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION Approved for Public Release ANNOUNCEMENT Announcement of this report is unlimited.


Based on a new approach (the so-called Yukawaon model) to the mass spectra and mixings, a neutrino mass matrix which is described in terms of the up-quark masses and CKM matrix parameters is proposed. The mass matrix successfully leads to a nearly tribimaximal mixing without assuming any discrete symmetry.


Macquarie Island lies close to, but on the eastern side of the boundary between the eastern (pacific) and
western (India-Australia) limbs of the Southern Oscillation. Its temperature record matches that of the area east and
southeast of New Zealand, rather than Tasmania. Temperature is influenced by atmospheric pressures in the Southern
Ocean to the east and west, which can result in a warm northeasterly or cold southerly airflow over the island. It is a
sensitive indicator of climatic trends because of its location at high latitude in a longitudinal region of frequent ridge
formation and blocking in the Southern Hemisphere circulation.
Temperature records for Macquarie Island (1949-86) show a trend (twice the global average),
accelerating in the last 20 years with eight of the ten warmest years occuring in the last decade. The greatest average rate
of warming has occurred in late summer and early autumn and the lowest in spring. In severe ENSO years the isiand
cools. The warming is marked, in relation to the annual mean (4.8°C), and the biological effects should be considered.


The noise of low-dose computed tomography (CT) sinogram follows approximately a Gaussian distribution with nonlinear dependence between the sample mean and variance. The noise is statistically uncorrelated among detector bins at any view angle. However the correlation coefficient matrix of data signal indicates a strong signal correlation among neighboring views. Based on above observations, Karhunen-Loeve (KL) transform can be used to de-correlate the signal among the neighboring views. In each KL component, a penalized weighted least-squares (PWLS) objective function can be constructed and optimal sinogram can be estimated by minimizing the objective function, followed by filtered backprojection (FBP) for CT image reconstruction. In this work, we compared the KL-PWLS method with an iterative image reconstruction algorithm, which uses the Gauss-Seidel iterative calculation to minimize the PWLS objective function in image domain. We also compared the KL-PWLS with an iterative sinogram smoothing algorithm, which uses the iterated conditional mode calculation to minimize the PWLS objective function in sinogram space, followed by FBP for image reconstruction. Phantom experiments show a comparable performance of these three PWLS methods in suppressing the noise-induced artifacts and preserving resolution in reconstructed images. Computer simulation concurs with the phantom experiments in terms of noise-resolution tradeoff and detectability in low contrast environment. The KL-PWLS noise reduction may have the advantage in computation for low-dose CT imaging, especially for dynamic high-resolution studies.


Summary Molecular oxygen is not essential for the photoreactivation of E. coli after inactivation by ultraviolet radiation, demonstrating that photodynamic action is not involved. Vegetative cells from young cultures of Bacillus cereus show no appreciable photoreactivation.