The earliest arbitration idea arose when two parties to a contract were unable to agree and thereupon submitted the question to an independent party to decide the issues. Most states now have laws which will enforce the binding effect of arbitration. The first modern arbitration laws were passed in the late 1920's. Congress passed the U.S. Arbitration Act in 1925. In 1955, Commissioners of Uniform State Laws adopted the Uniform Arbitration Act. The standard AIA form entitled 'General Conditions of the Contract for the Construction of Buildings' which was copyrighted in 1915, 1918, 1925, 1937 and 1951 by the American Institute of Architects. The present arbitration clause is found in AIA document A201 (1987), subparagraph 4.5.1 of the General Conditions. The paper discusses this and other aspects of the subject, including steps to take when faced with arbitration and drawbacks to arbitration.


In the central, flat area of the Pannonian Basin, there are just few topographic features for neotectonic investigations. However, a lot of meandering rivers flow here, and it is possible to reconstruct their natural, pre-regulation planforms. Using the map sheets of the Second Military Survey of the Habsburg Empire (mid-19th century; Timar et al., 2006), I digitized the meandering rivers on this area. Sinuosities at different sample section lengths were computed in a GIS environment, providing so-called 'sinuosity-spectra' (van Balen et al., 2008) for each point of the analyzed channels. The channel sinuosity of this river systems are analyzed in order to draw conclusions on the neotectonic activity of the Great Hungarian Plain and the other flat areas of the Pannonian Basin. Several points of sinuosity change were identified. To prove, that these are of neotectonic origin, seismic sections crossing the study area, were also analyzed as well as the geodinamical map of the area (Horvath et al., 2006). High sinuosity variations (low to high or high to low), spatially correlated to linear features identified in seismic survey sections, indicating their neotectonic activity (after Ouchi, 1985). We can see two significante sinuosity changes on the Hron/Garam River (Slovakia), one at Tekov and the one at Kemend. There are faults on the neotectonic map at these points, crossing the river – they are the possible causes of the increasing of the sinuosity. The vertical activity of these structural lines is verified by the sinuosity changes. At the Maros/Mures River (Romania/Hungary), a significant sinuosity change can also be identified near to the town of Aiud, where the phenomene is just the opposite like in the Hron/Garam river. There is a fault on the neotectonic map crossing the river. Upstream of the river has higher sinuosity values, and after crossing the fault, it decresed. Here also the fault caused the sinuosity changing, so this fault is also an active one. However, there are more case studies, concerning the rivers of the Pannonian Basin, such as the Tisza River (Timar, 2003), the Koros system (Petrovszki and Timar, 2010), the creeks of the Little Hungarian Plain (Zamolyi et al., 2010) and the downstream part of the Danube (Petrovszki, 2010), providing a broader overview of the river-confirmed neotectonic activity of the region.


Collection of fragments of Kazuo Ohno's thought with the aim of thank him for the artistic and philosophical heritage that he left to the worldwide dance .


Data protection in EHR application needs to be enforced more strictly than in other application areas [1, 2]. Since the 1960s, data protection of personal health information was and is still of high concern. The details of where information flows, who has access to the data and for what purpose are of major importance. Considering this and bearing in mind that in grid computing it is not only simple data sharing, but rather it is the sharing of distributed resources like algorithms, storage, computing power, etc., it is necessary to study closely the aspects of grid security and to find suitable solutions to enforce it. Phenotypic data in a patient electronic medical record can lead to identify for example whether the subject has a particular infection or not. Analyses methods for such identification can be simple statistical procedures, like in [4], or machine learning systems – artificial neural network – like in [5]. Anonymizing procedures are not enough for protecting the data without loosing the scientific value of this data. For instance, sharing high-resolution imaging datasets online may be risky; a full reconstruction of the face using computerized 3D techniques is indeed possible [6-8]. Sharing of medical 3D imaging datasets has already been reported in some pre grid environment applications [9, 10], anyhow, the risk of this sharing is not well studied so far. The major problem is that we still cannot enforce a dependable security policy in grids; i.e. we cannot assure that administrators, developers, or other staffs do not have an access to the medical data.


Historians of the Royal Navy in the age of sail have focused their attention on two groups of men: the commissioned officers and the lower deck. Few have bothered to study the men in the middle: the warrant officers, whose particular skills were necessary on board. Masters, pursers, chaplains, and surgeons—the warrant officers of wardroom rank—straddled the civilian and military worlds. They therefore provide a unique window into both the Royal Navy's command structure and the continuing significance and evolution of social status boundaries in Georgian Britain. This paper focuses on warrant officers during the half-decade following the battle of Trafalgar, when British manpower resources were stretched thinly and exhausted from more than a decade of operations. Between 1805 and 1808, the Admiralty enacted a series of reforms designed to alleviate some of these problems. To make a career as a warrant officer more attractive, the reforms granted surgeons uniforms, increased surgeons', pursers', and masters' pay, and gave all of them a larger share of the prize money spoils. The reforms acknowledged, both implicitly and explicitly, that warrant officers sat uncomfortably in the naval hierarchy. They were crucial to the Navy's operations, but they lacked the social prestige and promotion prospects of commissioned officers. The reforms suggest that naval administrators were finally beginning to recognize the significance and social standing of warrant officers.


The invention provides a rolling break apparatus for a brittle material substrate capable of breaking the brittle material substrate provided with scale lines. The rolling break device comprises a flexible carrying cushion (25), on which is disposed a brittle material substrate (3) provided with scale lines (S); a tensioning part (30), which is disposed on one side end of the flexible carrying cushion (25), and is used to provide the tensioning force in a non-flexible way; a pressing moving rolling part (20), which is disposed on the side of the flexible carrying cushion (25)opposite to the side provided with the brittle material substrate (3); and an elevating part (26) capable of moving the pressing moving rolling part (20) upwards and downwards by pressing the lower part of the flexible carrying cushion (25) of the pressing moving rolling part (20).


OBJECTIVE
YKL-40, a new biomarker of localized inflammation, is secreted by macrophages and regulates inflammation and immune responses. The aim of this study was to investigate YKL-40 levels in saliva and compare the level of this mediator in healthy and unhealthy oral cavity.

STUDY DESIGN
80 children (42-girl, 38-boy), aged 6-15 (mean±SD: 9.35±2.08) were included in this cross-sectional study. The children were divided into four groups: Group-I (control, n=20, dmft/DMFT=0), Group-II (n=20, exist of dental caries), Group-III (n=20, exist of advanced dental caries without pulp exposure), and Group-IV (n=20, exist of advanced dental caries with pulp exposure). The dmft/DMFT, dmfs/DMFS, and the number of advanced dental caries according to the ICDAS and pufa/PUFA index were recorded. Saliva was collected and YKL-40 concentrations were measured.

RESULTS
The highest level of YKL-40 was obtained in Group IV, followed by Groups III, II, and I, respectively (p<0.01). There was a positive correlation between YKL-40 and the number of caries There were no statistically significant difference in YKL-40 levels in terms of age and gender (p>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The advanced dental caries with pulp exposure may play an important role in the increasing levels of YKL-40 in saliva.


In this position paper we motivate and describe the Congestion Manager (CM), a novel end-system architecture, which enables application adaptation to network congestion. The CM maintains congestion and path related information and allows flows to learn from each other and share information. It also exports an API to enable applications to learn about network status and regulate data transmission. As a result, applications are freed from having to detect network congestion and probe for spare bandwidth. We describe how TCP can be implemented using the CM and conclude that the CM provides an excellent framework for building adaptive Internet applications.


Signature of a person is one of the most popular and legally accepted behavioral biometrics that provides secure means for verification and personal identification in many applications such as financial, commercial and legal transactions. The objective of the signature verification system is to classify between genuine and forgery that is often associated with intrapersonal and interpersonal variability. Unlike other languages, Arabic has unique features; it contains diacritics, ligatures, and overlapping.  Because of lacking any form of dynamic information during the Arabic signature writing process, it will be more difficult to obtain higher verification accuracy. This paper addresses the above difficulty by introducing a novel Off-Line Arabic signature verification algorithm. Different from state-of-the-art works that adopt one-level of verification or multiple classifiers based on statistical learning theory; this work employs two-level of fuzzy set related verification. The level one verification depends on finding the total difference between the features extracted from the test signature and the mean values of each corresponding features in the training signatures (owning the same signature). Whereas, the level two verification relies on the output of the fuzzy logic module depending on the membership functions that has been created from the signature features in the training dataset for a specific signer. It is concluded from the experimental results that the verification system performs well and has the ability to reduce both False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and False Rejection Rate (FRR).


In this paper, a control strategy called "Global se mi-active control" of flexible structures (cantilev er beam) is presented and validated. This strategy aims to a chieve potential performance of fully active system with a reduced energy supply of an amount comparable to th is of semi-active strategies. The control approach is presented and the law is offered. Independent Modal Sp ce control (IMSC) study is performed to obtain he optimal force and comparative results of the beam r esponse to the previous type of control and the pro posed algorithm are presented. We actually remark the att nuation of the beam tip's displacement versus redu c energy consumption for with global semi-active cont r l (regenerative). Mots clefs: active control, energy, semi-active, vibrations.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate the reliability and validity of the Relationship Evaluation Inventory for a Turkish adult population. This study's sample included 514 married couples from different regions of Turkey. In terms of reliability analysis, internal consistency and test–retest correlations were calculated and validity analysis construct, criterion, and content validity were examined. Results indicated that the Relationship Evaluation Inventory is a valid and reliable instrument which can be used for several clinical purposes, such as assessing problems, planning treatment, monitoring, following-up, and therapy outcome assessment. The findings of the study are discussed in light of the literature.


Objective:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of borneol and paeonol in mice plasma by GC-MS.Methods:The plasma sample was extracted with eyclohexane,borneol and paeonol were determined by means of GC-MS with selected iron and MS~2 respectively.Result:The contents of two components can be simulta- neously determined.The calibration curves were linear in the range of 5 ng·mL~(-1)-10μg·mL~(-1)for borneol, 50 ng·mL~(-1)-10μg·mL~(-1)for paeonol respectively.The limit of detection were 2.5 ng·mL~(-1)and 25 ng· mL~(-1)respectively.Intra-day and inter-day RSD were 4.4%-8.4%,5.0%-5.5%and 4.6%-10.7%, 5.9%-9.9%(n=5)respectively.Conclusion:This method is sensitive,simple,accurate,which can be used to determine simultaneously concentration of borneol and paeonol in mice plasma to study their pharmacokinetics.


In the surgical correction of mandibular deformities by mandibular retrusion, there is little difference in usefullness between sagittal split and vertical ramus osteotomies.However, vertical ramus osteotomy causes less rotational displcement of the proximal segment in asymmetric retrusion. Sagittal split ramus osteotomy is easier in the intraoral rigid internal fixation.Then unilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy combined with contralateral intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy was done with these advantages for the surgical correction of mandibular asymmetry.The intermaxillary fixation between 1 and 2 weeks was sufficient in these osteotomies and good postoperative stability was naturally observed.The many preoperative symptoms and signs of temporomandibular joints were also improved after the correction of mandibular asymmetry by this technique. Never new symptoms of temporomandibular joints were observed following the treatment by this technique.


ABSTRACT Neuropeptides and peptide hormones represent the largest class of chemical messengers that transmit information from one cell to another. In this review, several decades of research on peptides in cell-cell signaling are summarized, with a focus on neuropeptide discovery, biosynthesis, and function. In addition to covering the well-studied aspects of neuropeptides, emerging concepts are discussed, including classical versus non-classical neuropeptides and direct versus indirect neuropeptides. Other potential functions for peptides in intercellular and intracellular signaling are also discussed. Table of Contents: Overview of Neuropeptides / Neuropeptide Discovery / Neuropeptide Biosynthesis / Neuropeptides After Secretion: Receptors and Peptidases / Representative Neuropeptides / Concluding Remarks and Future Directions / References / Author Biography


Weber's concept of charisma is elaborated and refined with reference to thirty-four heads of state who have held office during this century. These leaders have been systematically compared and ranked with reference to their level of charisma. Situational variables are presented, with a view to explaining the presence of charisma. The important variables, conceptu ally and statistically, are isolated. Taken together, they account for over half of the observed variance in charisma.


those detected immediately after and one month after education ( χ 2 = 187.009; p<0.01, p<0.01, respectively). In addition, a statistically significant difference was found be-tween the levels of practice in BSE and the level of regular practice every month, between the situation before the training and one month after the training. Conclusion: Breast self-examination training was found to be effective on the knowledge and practice levels of the 4 th -year student nurses of the Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nursing.


Iceland in 1935 became the 1st Western European country to ease legal access to abortion. Sweden in 1937 and Denmark in 1938 eased restrictions slightly but legislation permitting abortion on demand began to appear in Western Europe only in the early 1970s. The USSR authorized abortion on demand in 1920 interdicted it in 1936 and reauthorized it in 1955. Laws were liberalized in most Eastern European countries after Russias action but became more restrictive 12 or 15 years later. Outside of Russia the great wave of liberalization permitting abortion for very wide indications began in the mid-1950s in Eastern Europe and in the late 1960s in the rest of Europe. Legislation was dissociated from practice however. In countries with liberal legislation women may still need to overcome numerous obstacles to obtain an abortion while some countries such as the Netherlands have restrictive legislation but liberal access. Only the closing of national borders and a repressive regime as in Rumania permit rigorous application of restrictive abortion laws. Sanctions against abortion in Ireland are severe but so-called "gynecological tourism" permit them to be avoided. The laws of different countries have numerous points in common. Abortion on demand is only permitted in the 1st 3 months in the 10 countries allowing it. In most countries a physician must perform the abortion usually in a hospital or other designated facility. 6 countries require a delay for reflection after a required interview. Legal restrictions or reluctance to apply liberal laws entail continuation of illegal abortions. Hospital admissions data suggest that in most countries such illegal abortions are done under safer conditions than in the past. Analyses of the frequency of abortions in different countries are affected by the lack of available data. Only 12 countries have a presumably complete registration and some have no direct or indirect means of estimating the number of abortions. The estimated number of abortions per woman varies greatly from .16 in the Low Countries to 2.13 in Bulgaria and over 3 in the USSR. The frequency of abortion increases as one travels from Western to Eastern Europe. In Iceland Finland and England and Wales the rates are below .4 abortions/woman. The rates are about .5 in the Federal Republic of Germany Norway France and Denmark and nearly .6 in Sweden. The abortion rate is highest in Italy at .77/woman comparable to the rate in the Democratic Republic of Germany the only Eastern European country with a rate of less than 1/woman. Rates average 1-1.5 in Hungary Poland and Czechoslovakia about 2 in Bulgaria and Yugoslavia and over 4 in the USSR. Regional variations within countries are considerable but data limitations make exact analyses hazardous. The average number of abortions in the past 12 years varied more in Eastern than Western Europe. There is no systematic correlation between abortion and fertility in European countries; the role of contraceptive usage is more important in determining fertility.


The assumptions underlying the use of time resolved measurements for the determination of ion–molecule reaction rate constants in high pressure chemical ionization sources have been examined and problems introduced by diffusion and drift are presented; these require conversion from ion currents to ion concentrations in the presence of applied fields when ion current ratios of different ions are used. Moreover, the existence of an irresolvable difference in the significance of arrival times of product and reactant ions is demonstrated, but it is shown how this error can be minimized. A method for the measurement of total disappearance rate constants for association reactions is demonstrated and applied to the reaction CO+2+2CO2→ (CO2)+2+CO2; the third order rate constant for this process is 1.5±0.1×10−28 cm6 sec−1 at 409° K.


Bongo Flava, the Tanzanian variety of HipHop has become a big issue in Tanzania during the past few years. More and more young people use rap lyrics to express themselves. This article first gives a brief overview of the history of Bongo Flava and discusses the topics, lyrics and the sound of this music. It then turns to the situation of the underground rappers with focus on the regional capital Morogoro. The second part of the article discusses selected parts of three songs that were written by Juma Madoweka, one of the young rappers from Morogoro who rap because they want to pass on a message to the society they live in.


A simple and routine chemical ionization method (CI) providing molecular weight information is developed for the unambiguous identification of 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol known as pinacolyl alcohol (PA), a potential precursor for prohibited chemical weapons such as Soman, a nerve agent. This method meets the CI criteria used for the evaluation of proficiency tests conducted by OPCW avoiding use of reference chemical. In addition, a derivatization method using p-tolyl isocyanate for the analysis of PA using GC-MS has also been developed for the identification. This derivatization method facilitates the easy analysis of PA at low concentration present in environmental matrices. The efficiency of the derivatization is >99% with 10 fold increase in the sensitivity of the GC-MS signal. The electron ionization mass spectral fragmentation of the p-tolyl isocyanate (PTI) derivatives of three isomeric alcohols is also established. The positive CI of PTI derivatives of these alcohols resulted in molecular ion information and meets the OPCW criteria for CI method of analysis. Further, the retention indices for all the studied alcohols after derivatization help the unambiguous identification of these compounds present in complex environmental matrices.


The problems of information security in the open education systems are discussed from the personality, society and state viewpoints. Potential and real information security threatening and objects that need in protection in the open education learning environment are considered. Views of students and teachers on the problems of confidentiality of personal information in the computer based learning environment are analysed. Approaches to searching the ways for prevention information security threatening are suggested.


We prove that a generic multi-Higgs-doublet model (NHDM) must generally contain terms in the potential that violate custodial symmetry. This is done by showing that the O(4) violating terms of the NHDM potential cannot be excluded by imposing a symmetry on the NHDM Lagrangian. Hence we expect higher-order corrections to necessarily introduce such terms. We also note, in the case of custodially symmetric Higgs–quark couplings, that vacuum alignment will lead to up–down mass degeneration; this is not true if the vacua are not aligned.


In the past the teacher has been the focus of attention by critics of teacher performance. Those who view the school from outside hardly think that other factors within the school and outside the teachers control could influence teacher effectiveness.The classroom is usually regarded as the exclusive domain of the teacher. Students' coverage of contents involvement in classroom activities and students' success at school work are viewed from the standpoint of the teacher. In this paper, the author examines the role of the school leadership in creating the proper working and learning conditions for teachers and students without which teachers efforts would amount to nothing. The author argues that in the new education system being adopted, focus should sfiift from the classroom teacher to the quality of leadership the school enjoys. Good school leadership can support, enhance and create such essential teacher characteristics as appropriate lesson plans, classroom management, instructional methods that facilitate the achievement of school objectives, high teacher expectation of students, teacher sensitivity to students' emotional and motivational needs and evaluation.


The break‐through article "A Synthetic Nickel Electrocatalyst with a Turnover Frequency Above 100 000 s−1 for H2 Production" by Monte L. Helm et al. (Science 2011, 333, 863) presents results of great interest in the field of hydrogen production, in view of a fantastic turnover frequency obtained by an elegant catalyst design, inspired by nature, and the use of a largely available and cheap metal.


The invention relates to a tertiary poly-surfactant composition, and a preparation method and an application thereof, and mainly aims at solving the problems of poor oil displacement efficiency in a high-temperature and high-salt oil reservoir in the prior art, corrosion and fouling damages to a stratum and an oil well caused by alkali in three-component compound flooding. The tertiary poly-surfactant composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: (1) 1 part of a tertiary surfactant, and (2) 0.01-10 parts of a polymer, wherein the surfactant has the following general molecular formula as shown in the specification, wherein R is C8-C40 hydrocarbyl; R1 and R2 are independently selected from C1-C4 alkylidene; n+m=2-100; x=1-100; and the polymer is selected from one of polyacrylamide, a heat-resistance and salt-tolerance polymer A or xanthan gum, the problems are relatively well solved; and the tertiary poly-surfactant composition can be applied to enhanced oil recovery.


THE PLOW, THE HAMMER AND THE KNOUT: AN ECONOMIC HISTORY OF EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY RUSSIA. By Arcadius Kahan. Ed. Richard Hellie. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1985. xi, 399 pp. Tables. Cloth. ESSAYS IN JEWISH SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY. By Arcadius Kahan. Ed. Roger Weiss. Intro. Jonathan Frankel. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1986. xx, 208 pp. Photographs. Tables. $27.50, cloth. RUSSIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY: THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. By Arcadius Kahan. Ed. Roger Weiss. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1989. xii, 244 pp. Tables. Cloth.


Is our system of funding for nursing education failing our students? Increasing declines in government funding for education in Australia is shifting education costs onto students - but will this backfire on the community? Fiona Armstrong reports on the long term effect of student debt. (non-author abstract)


Samuel Edward Roberts is one of former NSW Supreme Court Judge John Ferguson's collected lives. Ferguson, whose large collection of manuscripts, documents, maps and plans are a significant part of the National Library's cadastral mapping resources, acquired this small parcel of maps and manuscripts in the 1920s. The Library subsequently created a 'formed collection' around their subject, Roberts, who emigrated to South Australia in 1848 and became a printer and mining broker, active until his death in 1905. His career was perhaps typical of many whose practical use of maps represented key moments in their lives, but whose reasons for collecting or creating them have been obscured by time. The maps were recently catalogued, at last providing an opportunity for study. The following paper is an attempt to reanimate the Roberts collection as a form of biography, to see what may be recovered of the people and motives behind the maps, and of their collector Roberts.


VYSŇOVSKA, Pavlina: Comparison of banking products for a selected segment. [Bachelor's thesis]. Bankovni institut vysoka skola Praha, Foreign University Banska Bystrica. Department of finance, accounting and insurance. Consultant: Ing. Zdenka Musova, PhD. Year: 2013. Number of pages: 54. The bachelor's thesis concerns the comparison of banking products for a selected segment. The first chapter is dedicated to the theoretical definition of following concepts: market segmentation and bank clientele segmentation , characteristics of banking products and their integration. The second chapter compares banking products for university students in selected banks. The third chapter presents summarization of findings proposals for improvement of deficiencies in the field of student banking products.


The utility model relates to an open type loading adaptive oil supply system for a hydrostatic guide way, which comprises an oil supply device, an overflow valve, a proportional pressure valve, a first pressure sensor, a computer control system, a chock holder, a second pressure sensor and a hydrostatic oil cavity. An outlet of the oil supply device is respectively connected with the proportional pressure valve and the overflow valve, an outlet of the proportional pressure valve is respectively connected with the second pressure sensor and the chock holder, an oil outlet of the chock holder is respectively connected with the first pressure sensor and the hydrostatic oil cavity, the other ends of the first pressure sensor and the second sensor are respectively connected with an A/D (analog-to-digital) acquisition calling apparatus and finally connected with the computer control system, and the other end of the computer control system is connected with the proportional pressure valve. The hydrostatic guide way designed and manufactured accordingly is simple in design and computation, designed parameters are set and modified conveniently, performances of the guide way is stable without being affected by change of viscosity of hydraulic oil due to temperature change or change of external loading, and the thickness of oil film is stable.


A variable capacity compressor comprises an opening-degree adjustment valve that is disposed in a flow passage between a suction port and a suction hole communicating with a cylinder bore and variably controls the opening area of the flow passage. The variable capacity compressor is characterized in that the resistance against the movement of the valve body of the opening-degree adjustment valve in the direction of increasing the opening area of the flow passage is made to be larger than that against the movement in the direction of decreasing the opening area. The compression of a liquid at the starting of the compressor is prevented from occurring, whereby the durability and the reliability of the device can be improved and the device can exhibit excellent capacity control responsiveness.


A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons of kharif and rabi of 2007-08 and 2008-09 at College farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad on sandy clay loam soil. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design replicated four times. During kharif, the experimental field was divided into two blocks in each replication wherein two methods of rice crop establishment (Transplanted and Aerobic method) were evaluated. During rabi, zero-tilled maize was grown in sequence to rice while considering the two previous rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop establishment methods as main-plot treatments and two levels of irrigation (1.0 and 0.8 IW:CPE) and four levels of phosphorus (0,30,60 and 90 kg P2O5/ha) as sub-plot treatments. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of rice crop establishment methods, levels of irrigation and phosphorus on P nutrition of zero-tilled maize (Zea mays L.) under rice-maize system. The grain yield of maize improved significantly from 0 to 60 kg P2O5/ha application. Higher P-use efficiency was recorded in maize crop grown after transplanted rice than that of aerobic rice and the irrigations scheduled at IW: CPE ratio of 1.0 than with IW: CPE ratio of 0.8 during both the years. There was significant decrease in P- use efficiency with increase in P2O5 levels from 30 to 60 and 90 kg/ha (53.91 to 24.95 and 57.17 to 25.61 kg grain/kg P2O5/ha during 2007-08 and 2008-09 respectively). The balance sheet of available soil P at the end of two years in rice-maize crop sequence indicated that, the uptake of P by maize crop was much higher than the rice crop and the depletion of available soil P was maximum when phosphorus was applied to rice during kharif and without phosphorus application to maize during subsequent rabi. However, maximum accumulation of phosphorus was noticed when two crops were fertilized with 60 kg P2O5/ha for both rice and maize. Based on the yield-input relationship, the optimum level of phosphorus was 85.4 kg P2O5/ha for realizing higher yield of 7 309 kg/ha.


On the basis of sedimentological and palichnological investigations on the nearly 20 profiles of 9 paleo-pelagic depositional areas in China, some conclusions on the identification of the relationship between ichnocoenose in paleo-pelagic substrates and the oxygen content have been drawn as follows: ①The difference in the relative oxygen content of the pelagic oxygen-depleted substrate produces a different representative ichnofossil association, i.e. the dissolved oxygen content of the oxygen-depleted substrate indicated by Associations A, B and C, which are mainly composed of Megagrapton, Paleodictyon and Protopaleodictyon , of Scalarituba and Phycosiphon , and of Chondrites and Zoophycos , respectively, decreases gradually with different associations; ②The size of ichnofossil burrows usually has a normal relationship with the oxygen content of substrates, namely the diameter of burrows becomes smaller with decreasing of the oxygen content; ③The differentiation of ichnofossils decreases with decreasing of the oxygen content of substrates; ④It should be prudent to apply some individual ichnofossils in identifying the oxygen-depleted environment, for instance, Chondrites and Zoophycos can not be always regarded as an ichnofossil indicator to an oxygen-depleted environment, it is necessary to investigate multiple factors before a conclusion that more accords with the true fact can be drawn.


Wire bonding technology is used in most semiconductor products. Recently, high gold prices have forced semiconductor manufacturers to replace Au wires with Cu wires. Because Cu wire bonds are vulnerable to high temperature and humidity, they remain unpopular in automotive and industrial applications with narrow-bond-pad pitches and small deformed ball diameters. To avoid forming the corrosive Cu-rich intermetallic compound Cu9Al4, the use of a Ni/Pd(/Au) over-pad metallization (OPM) structure produced by electroless plating on the Al metallization has been proposed. However, certain technical issues must be overcome, such as variations in the purity and thickness of the plating. To tackle these issues, a novel OPM structure produced by physical vapor deposition is proposed and evaluated in this study.


Educational balanced development is not only the objective requirements of the development of Chinese society and the inevitable choice,one of the basic theoretical concepts about current China's education reform and development and strategical choice,but also the major issues of common concern in the field of education theory and practice meaning.There are still misunderstanding of educational balanced development in practice.Therefore it is essential to understand the connotation of the educational balanced development correctly,survey the current situation of the unbalanced development of education rationally,reach agreement on problems of educational balanced development,make educational balanced development plans,formulate educational balanced development strategies,and choose educational balanced development path to make people satisfied.


Single crystals of stannic iodide (SnI4) have been grown employing the controlled-reaction between SnCl2 and KI solutions by diffusion process in silica gels. As-grown (111) surfaces of the crystals have been optically studied. Characteristic growth spirals and hopper growth patterns have been observed on them. By successively etching (111) surfaces in a 0.2 N HCl solution, it is established that the pits indicate the sites of dislocations in the crystals. This is further confirmed by comparing the etch patterns before and after chemically polishing (111) surfaces. The average dislocation in the SnI4 crystals have been determined and found to be 7.3 × 102 cm−2. Observations of polygonisations are described and the implications are discussed.


Writing instrument has a writing cartridge, paper supply source and the drive unit disposed within the housing. The drive unit supplies the paper from the housing by allowing connected to the paper supply source selectively actuating the paper feed source. The writing instrument, a writing cartridge may further comprise a further drive unit which is connected to the writing cartridge to selectively and out of the distal housing.


The downstream deterioration in macroinvertebrate scores and in levels of key determinands at both low and high flow on Pymmes's Brook over a period of 7 years can be related to the pattern of SSO entry and SSO catchment (track‐back surveys). Although the macroinvertebrate scores and other data support the NRA designated 2B class in the headwaters, sudden quality deterioration occurs downstream which in this paper is related to problems of foulwater contamination at one particular SSO during the surveyed period. Escherichia Coli surveys in the middle part of the basin are shown to be primarily related to this foulwater overflow, and the situation is shown to have slightly deteriorated since 1985. Data collected during sample storms suggest, however, that the "first flush" phenomena is responsible for a wide temporal variability in determinand concentration as well as E. Coli count, the latter increasing even further during storms. Proposals to improve the situation via provision of an East Barnet low leve...


Combining with variational method and lower and upper solutions, we get a quasilinearization method which construct an iterative scheme converging to a solution of a nonlinear fourth-order problem involving the p -Laplacian. At the same time, the result of K -th order convergence for the nonlinear fourth-order problem is obtained via the idea of Taylors approximation.


Nowadays mineral additives due to the advantages such as improving the physical and mechanical properties of cement or concrete a wide field of use are found. One of the waste materials is trass. In this study the effects of trass, to compressive strength, setting time water demand and volume expansion of the cement (OPC 42.5 R) were investigated. For this purpose, fly ash was added as a replacement for Portland cement in amounts of 0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 weight %. As a result, setting time and water demand of the fly ash replaced cement pastes were determined a relatively increase according to Portland cement pastes. 2, 7 and 28 days compressive strengths has been decrease compared to the Portland cement. Despite this decrease, however, 10% and 15% of the trass replaced cement mortar compressive strength was determined to be between the standard values.


The paper describes the main reasons that lead Local Government to create joint-stock companies for the provision of services and activities previously managed internally. These reasons are basically linked to regulation, as well as to financial and organizational issues. The paper argues that, for the most part of the cases, there are several differences between the public and the private sector as regards the achievement of the expected benefits form "corporatization", such as limited liability, bankruptcy, efficiency, profits, etc.. In fact, in the public sector these benefits appear substantially less important in comparison with the private sector.


Due to the harmful nature of ionizing radiation, the Radiation Protection Institute (RPI) of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC), among other objectives provides radiation protection and consultancy; public exposure control; nuclear safety and security and radioactive waste management. In line with these objectives, the Radioactive Waste Management Center of the RPI conducts onsite radiation safety assessment for sectors of the economy where radiation sources are applied. The Center also retrieves and transports Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources (DSRSs) from end users to the Centralized Radioactive Waste Management Facility (CRWMF) for further management. Through the Radiation Protection Training and Consultancy Centre (RPTCC), the RPI conducts training program for occupationally exposed workers and sensitization of the general public on radiation safety. These activities of the RPI are guided by its comprehensive radiation protection program and robust quality management system which are systematically exploited to establish radiation safety culture in Ghana. Data from the RPI indicates that, between 1993 and 2020, about 984 occupationally exposed persons from 85 local firms have acquired radiation safety/protection training. This article further highlights other activities relating to quality service and radiation safety mechanisms for users, transporters and managers of radiation sources.


The goal of this paper is to describe and explain the experiential basis of metaphors used in Brazilian soccer. The data consist of 150 tokens of metaphorical expressions collected from broadcasting soccer matches on Brazilian television in the years 2013–2014. The analysis is qualitative and based on the theoretical tools of Cognitive Linguistics. We aim to analyze metaphorical expressions under the hypothesis that they are based on our physical experience with our bodies, our perception, our movements, our manipulation of objects, and our interaction with our environment.


The invention is concerned with a method for calibration of an x-ray inspection for a type of tire that has three components, namely, an X-ray tube 1, a line-shaped X-ray detector 2 as well as a manipulator for a tire 3, wherein the manipulator is arranged so that the tire 3 with its tread 10 between X-ray tube 1 and X-ray detector 2 is arranged, wherein one of the components along a travel path from a predetermined initial position into a predetermined end position is moved in the method and during the movement 7 is carried out a continuous recording of X-ray images of cords within the tire 3, with a predetermined read-out rate, wherein the individual cords are 7 followed by means of temporally successive X-ray images and sow using the determined therefrom total displacement of the cords 7 in the X-ray fluoroscopic images between the initial position and the end position IE is closed based on the known geometrical data of the absolute position of the cord 7 within the tire. 3 In addition, the invention is concerned with a method for inspecting the location of the cord 7 in a tire 3 of a certain tire type in an x-ray after performing a calibration procedure for this type of tire in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein for examination only an X-ray image of the tire to be tested 3 is recorded in a specific position of the movable component, and this is compared with those obtained from the calibration process values, and it is concluded on the absolute position of the cord 7 within the tire. 3


A surface permanent magnet (SPM)-type vernier motor is a synchronous motor that generates large torque at a low speed. In the vernier motor, the number of slots, the pole of the rotating magnetic field on the armature, and the number of field poles on the rotor are constructed based on the vernier principle. In this paper, six magnetic pole combination types of these parameters are investigated by using a 36-slot stator, and the output characteristics, including the pull-out torque, are shown. These characteristics, calculated by torque and current equations, can be analyzed easily by investigating the induced electromotive force E0 and the synchronous reactance xs. For the optimal design of the SPM-type vernier motor with a 36-slot stator, it is clarified that one magnetic pole combination (S36-R68-P4, R/P:17) is effective for achieving a motor with high torque, and another magnetic pole combination (S36-R60-P12, R/P:5) is effective for achieving a motor with a high power factor.


This article explores the shared intellectual tradition in folklore, public history, and oral history of involving students in community-based field research. This case study of the collaborative research New York State folklorist Harold W. Thompson and his students undertook in the 1930s contributes to ongoing efforts to enrich our understanding of public history's genealogy. It also demonstrates that a counter-tradition to the "lone genius" model of humanities research emerged through faculty-student community-based research projects in history and folklore.


REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE
The review objective is to synthesize the effect of Patient Safety Leadership WalkRounds (PSLWs) on patient safety culture (PSC).Specifically, the review question is: What is the effect of PSLWs on the PSC in hospitals, measured with validated surveys?


In the light of the present situation of domestic owner's project management and some problems existing in its organization form,this paper puts forward the idea of construction the PMO.


Cooperative spectrum sensing increases the reliability of the spectrum sensing of the cognitive radio system.In traditional algorithm,all cognitive users participate in sensing.If the number of cognitive users in system is larger,the data transmission efficiency would be deteriorated.On this basis,the method of partial cooperative spectrum sensing is provided in this paper.On the premise of a certain amount of cognitive radio and meeting the detection probability of given system,it can use partial of cognitive radio to participate in spectrum sensing and maximize the system throughput.Simulation shows that if selecting 50 users participates in spectrum sensing among 200 cognitive radios,the system normalized throughput would increase 12.5%.


Voltage sags are one of the most important and frequent problems in distribution systems. Voltage sags lead to huge financial losses all over the world which makes it more important for sensitive load centers. In this paper a three-phase voltage sag compensator is proposed. The proposed voltage sag compensator is based on the ac-ac conversion eliminating the energy storage elements and dc link capacitor in the conventional voltage sag compensators such as dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs). The proposed topology in this paper energizes the compensator of each phase from the other two phases. Regarding that the Single-phase voltage sags are the most frequent types of voltage sags, the faulted phase will supplied by the two healthy phases in the most cases of voltage sags. This results in a more successful operation under very deep single-phase voltage sags. Even if one phase is lost, the proposed compensator will continue to supply all three phases of the sensitive load. The proposed voltage sag compensator is validated using digital simulation case studies with PSCAD/EMTDC software.


The current tendency towards depletion of fuel and energy resources, the growth of prices on energy production and global economic problems stimulate the necessity of introduction of energy efficient technologies. Very important and relevant in this situation is the study of the experience of the EU Member States on energy efficiency in Ukraine and the direct implementation of energy saving projects in Ukraine.
In these trends, modern students can and should play an active role.
The purpose of our Project is to educate a conscious and responsible future consumer of thermal and electric energy, who will conserve and use efficiently the traditional energy resources and promote the replacement of their alternative energy sources, resting upon the experience of leading EU countries.
Implementation of the educational program "Energy efficiency: experience of EU countries for Ukraine" will enable popularization of EU experience in implementation of energy efficient technologies in different economy sectors and acquiring practical skills of project realization aimed at energy saving and reduction of negative impact on environment by future professionals.


Background and Aim: Water/powder ratio is effective on some properties of irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials. This study aimed to determine the effects of water/powder ratio of irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials on dimensional stability of impressions. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, a metal model with two abutments as anchoring support for a three-unit dental bridge was used. Sixty alginate impressions were made with different water/powder ratios (control group and test group with 50% extra water). The impressions were made by acrylic trays. Alginate impressions were poured with dental stone after 15, 60 and 240 min of removal from the model. The diagonals and heights of the small and large dies as well as the outer space between the two dies were measured trice using a digital caliper with 0.01 mm accuracy, and the mean values were reported. The obtained dimensions were compared with each other and with the model. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, one-sample t-test, and independent samples t-test (α=0.05). Results: In the majority of dimensions in both the control and test groups, there was a significant difference in comparison with the metal model. The mean dimensions of casts did not show any significant difference between the two groups after 240 min (P>0.1). Conclusion: Increasing the water added to alginate powder by 50% affected the dimensional stability of the resulted casts. The time interval before pouring the cast had a significant effect on dimensional accuracy of the casts.


The author explains how readers can work with the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) regional office in their area to resolve problems they have with their Medicare carriers.


The inclusion constants was investgated by means of Hildebrand-Benesi double-reciprocal plot which based on the fact that the excitation and emission peak position of Brilliant cresy blue kept unchanged but the emission strength increased disciplinarily with the increasing of β-cyclodextrin concentration.The results showed that the inclusion consisted of oneβ-cyclodextrin and one Brilliant cresy blue,and the possible geometry of the inclusion complex were discussed.


Correct static semantics are a crucial part of all software. This thesis investigates a relational approach to static semantic checking. This approach means that we first extract information, then analyse it afterwards. So-called facts extracted from the program under scrutiny are inserted into a database. Constraints and queries can then be used to identify errors. In this thesis, a fact extractor is presented that can extract the required information. The fact extractor is based on grammar annotations. We have chosen to focus on the Java programming language and have created a prototype that checks for a number of Java errors. We describe the database schema used in the prototype and major implementation issues we encountered. Finally, we discuss a possible application of the method in the area of templates.


Shell is a most important user interface for HPC users in scientific computing. This paper presents a login shell for computing grid, called GShell, which provides an integrated and uniform environment for constructing, running and managing grid applications. Besides conventional functionality of shell, GShell provides grid-level functionality including grid context maintenance, grid application management interfaces, and extended pipe and redirection semantics. Grid contexts avoid repeat information input when a grid application is started. All the grid applications started in GShell are managed in the grid system, and they can be monitored or stopped in a global scope. Extended shell scripts allow constructing new grid applications using existing tools. At present, GShell has been implemented and applied in the CNGrid project, and is proved to be a simple and flexible command-line tool for most scientists to work in the grid.


Job performance is influenced by various factors such as personality, intelligence and above all, competence. Competence is rather a problematic term, since due to its interdisciplinarity it is quite difficult to define. In brief, it has been assumed that competence is a combination of knowledge, skills and attitudes. If we assume that the basic condition for effectiveness are appropriate competencies, the next step should be to determine how to develop these competencies, or how to most effectively acquire the knowledge, skills and attitudes. And whether it is possible to do so in the proces of improvement or rather self-improvement. This article discusses the issue and presents results of a research conducted among the employees of a Regional Center of Social Policy.


Blockchain is used in a variety of areas. This technology is relatively young, but it has already begun to pay important role in various sectors of the economy. Today, many people talk about prospects and properties of blockchain technology, about what it is capable of and what risks and opportunities it opens. At the same time, very often the opportunities to use blockchain in the banking sector are not covered. Therefore, it is necessary to study all the ways of using blocking technology in the bank. In the article the authors analyze the main areas of application of blocking technology in banks and other financial institutions. Keywords—blockchain, payment system, letter of credit, virtual banking, ICO, scoring, analysis of big data, swift, Ethereum, Ripple.


This paper introduces two concepts: Drucker's knowledge worker from the 'Post Capitalist Society' and just in time from Toyota's application in lean manufacturing to define, use, and proliferate the use of best value construction. The two concepts are used to structure procurement into an information system, which results in performing construction and an improvement in contractor capability to perform (on-time, on-budget, and meeting quality expectations). Many of the issues of performance information are resolved by the concepts. The Performance Information Procurement System (PIPS) which was developed in 1991, and tested extensively since 1994, is modified to use the two concepts, and some of the previously difficult to explain sections of the processes are discussed in terms of these concepts. Due to the lag in technology transfer of concepts from the manufacturing industry to the construction industry, the new concepts will require education of the industry. The new concepts can save the industry years in transforming to a high performance industry by following the pattern of socioeconomic change in other industries (production, industrial, and managerial). It uses the difference between the service worker and the knowledge worker to show how to increase construction performance and improvement.


In this paper, we suggest a new conjugate gradient method for unconstrained optimization by using homotopy theory. Our suggestion algorithm satisfies the conjugacy and descent conditions. Numerical result shows that our new algorithm is better than the standard CG algorithm with respect to the NOI and NOF.


In order to help network managers better grasp the situation of network security, and timely respond to major network security incidents, as well as reduce the loss of network attacks bring to the target network, network security situation analysis system has been studied and the overall design is proposed, whose logical and physical structure has been designed in detail. At the same time, for the purpose of meet the application requirements, a cascade distributed deployment module is proposed, which would laid a solid foundation for the promotion and application for the system.


Objective To explore the possible role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy(IgAN). Methods After the IgAN model was successfully induced at 12 weeks, the BALB/C mice were randomly divided into IgAN group(n=15) and IgAN+VitD group(n=15). The nephrosis mice were administrated with 100 μl/d propylene glycol or propylene glycol+1,25(OH)2D, 3 ng/(100g d), for 6 weeks. The control group was setted(n=15). The level of 24 hour urine protein was determined at week 0, 12 and 18. At week 18, the levels of serum 25(OH)D, fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23) and galactosedeficient IgA1(Gd-IgA1) were detected. The mRNA and protein expressions of interleukin-21(IL-21) in Peyer's patches(PPs)were detected by fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot respectively. The protein expression of Bcl-6 was detected by western blot. The percentages of Tfh cells/T lymphocytes, B220+IgM+/B lymphocytes, B220+IgA+/B lymphocytes, B220-IgA+/B lymphocytes in PPs were determined by flow cytometry. Results Compared with control group, the levels of 24 hour urine protein, FGF23 and Gd-IgA1 were increased, serum 25(OH)D was decreased,the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-21 and the protein level of Bcl-6 were increased, the percentages of Tfh cells/T lymphocytes, B220+IgM+/B lymphocytes, B220+IgA+/B lymphocytes, B220-IgA+/B lymphocytes were elevated in IgAN group(P0.05). These indicators were improved in IgAN+VitD group. Compared with the IgAN group, the differences were statistically significant(P0.05), however compared with control group, some indicators showed no significant differences(P0.05).Conclusions 1,25(OH)2D may protect the microenvironment of PPs in IgAN through inhibiting the differentiation of Tfh cells and B cells and the generation of Gd-IgA1.


Herein, the synthesis and characterization of the bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (BICAAC) stabilized phosphinidenes (1–4) are reported. Compounds 1–3 were obtained by reacting with trihalophosphine [PX3, X = Cl (1), Br (2),...


Introduction . The HIV epidemic remains the most devastating in the history of mankind, despite comprehensive preventive measures. The HIV pharmacological resistance to several groups drugs at once is particular importance since this significantly reduces the therapy possibilities. Due to the low adherence to the treatment of patients certain categories, as well as the HIV drug-resistant transmission under various conditions possibility, treatment may not give positive results in 16–27% of patients who did not receive ART and in 50–70% of previously treated patients. The aim of our work was to evaluate the molecular-epidemiological structure and pharmacoresistant HIV variants in patients with antiretroviral therapy virologic failure in Arkhangelsk. Materials and methods. To evaluate the molecular-epidemiological structure and pharmacoresistant HIV variants in 76 HIV-infected patients with virologic failure of antiretroviral therapy from the Arkhangelsk region, HIV polymerase gene ( pol ) nucleotide sequences were analyzed. Results. In the examined group, HIV subtype A6 (IDU-A) prevailed (89,5%) compared with subtype B (9,2%), in one case (1,3%) the variant CRF03_AB was detected. For 86,8% of patients, resistance to any drugs was determined. Including resistance to protease inhibitors mutations — 33,3%, to revertase inhibitors — 92,4%. Isolates with pharmacoresistance only to NRTIs amounted to 16,6%, to NNRTIs 1,5%, to PI 10,6%, simultaneously to PI and NRTIs 12,1%, to NRTIs and NNRTIs 46,96%, to all three groups of drugs at the same time — 12,1%. The most common mutations are drug resistance to lamivudine and emtricitabine (M184V), nevirapine and efavirenze (K103N, G190S), thymidine analogs (T215F/Y and/or K219Q/E and/or D67N), and non-thymidine L nucleoside analogues).


Background (Introduction): Infertility is a global health issue affecting millions of people of reproductive age worldwide. According to WHO, available data suggests that between 48 million couples and 186 million individuals have infertility globally. According to ayurveda, womb preparation is the most important factor to attain fertility. Herbo-metallic formulations prepared using SOPs can play a significant role in eliminating doshas in a short duration of time. They are known for their minimum dose, maximum efficacy, and least side effects. They help to keep all the hormones and the reproductive system in an equilibrium state. They remove all the toxins from the body and regularize menstrual cycles. They possess Rasayan (Immuno-modulatory) and Yogavahi (Nano-carriers; Act accordingly) properties. Aims/objective: To evaluate the role of Herbo-metallic formulations in infertility. Methodology: All the material and data are collected from ancient treatises, Research papers under google scholar, pubmed, Elsevier, etc. search engines. Results: Various research have been reviewed for the impact of Rasaushadhi (Herbo-mineral/metallic formulations) on fertility and the result found to be quiet satisfying as they are Ushana in virya (Potency) and act directly on target organ (Reproductive tract) in shorter duration is prepared as per the classical procedure. Discussion: For healthy progeny, ritu (Menstrual cycle), kshetra (Reproductive tract), beeja (Ovum/sperm), and ambu (Nutrition) factors must be in homeostasis. Metallic preparations can be harmful and toxic if they are not prepared properly. The indications, dose, vehicle(Anupan), period of drug administration, interval or duration of treatment, disease diagnosed, nature or Prakruti of the patient, Pathya-apathya, etc. are major factors that should always be considered by the physician before prescribing Rasaushadhi to the patients. Conclusion: As herbo-mineral formulations play a very significant role in ayurveda and they are capable to cure severe disorders in a minimum dose and time. Therefore, this article reviews several Rasaushadhis along with their pharmacokinetics concerning infertility.


A citizen-based traffic commission is a valuable tool to begin discussions among neighborhood residents and assist social interactions that will lead to improved traffic conditions. A commission, trained in basic traffic engineering principles and guided by a traffic engineer, can help solve real or perceived traffic problems in a neighborhood by bringing education and peer pressure to the drivers in the area. Organizing a neighborhood into a "neighborhood watch" group has been used successfully to combat crime, and the same forum focused upon traffic safety also can be an effective tool in neighborhood traffic management.


The heat transfer performance of R-11 vapor condensing on single horizontal trapezodially shaped integral-fin tubes has been investigated by systematically varying the fin density, the semi-vertex angle, and the fin height. For the nine copper tubes tested, the best performance has been obtained with a tube having a fin density of 1417 fpm, a semi-vertex angle of 10 deg, and a fin height of 1.22 mm. This tube has yielded a maximum value of the heat transfer coefficient of 16,500 W/m 2 K at a Δ T of about 3 K, corresponding to an enhancement ratio of 10.3. The performance of the tube has been further improved by fabricating from it "specially enhanced" tubes having axial grooves of varying height. An enhancement ratio of 12.3 has been obtained with this type of tube.


The domestic batik industry produces liquid waste which is generally not carried out properly so that the waste contaminates the waterbody. The heavy metals content in the batik industry liquid waste is lead (Pb). Fecoremediation using Skeletonema costatum microalgae is one solution to reduce Pb levels. The research experiment used RAL (complete randomized design) with three repetitions over 7 days of treatment with variations in inoculum density in the form of V1 (control, without microalgae), V2 (inoculum density 2x10 cell/ml), V3 (inoculum density 4x10 cell/ml) and V4 (inoculum density 6x10 cell/ml). The results showed that V4 treatment was the most effective in reducing Pb levels in batik waste with a decrease in percentage of 36.453% and decreasing BOD levels in batik waste with a decrease percentage of 81.006%.


The concept of change in The Book of Changes is so inclusive that it embraces the concept of exchange,the concept of adaptation,the concept of ever-lasting change and the concept of easy change.The book reveals the reason of change which is also the reason of new approach to management.So it can say that the corcept of change in the book has very important inspiration on modern management.


The new species Candelaria fibrosoides is described. It is known from one locality in Ayacucho in Peru where it was found growing at high altitudes on shrubs and cacti in open pasture land. The new species is superficially similar to C. fibrosa but differs in having 8-spored asci and a thallus with an ecorticate lower surface.


We classify the coefficients ( a 1 , . . . , a n ) ∈ F q [ t ] n that appear in a linear relation (cid:2) ni = 1 a i γ i = 0 among Galois conjugates γ i ∈ F q ( t ). We call such an n -tuple a Smyth tuple . Our main theorem gives an affirmative answer to a function field analogue of a 1986 conjecture of Smyth (J Numb Theory 23, 243–254, 1986) over Q . Smyth showed that certain local conditions on the a i are necessary and conjectured that they are sufficient. Our main result is that the analogous conditions are necessary and sufficient over F q ( t ), which we show using a combinatorial characterization of Smyth tuples from Smyth (J Numb Theory 23, 243–254, 1986). We also formulate a generalization of Smyth's Conjecture in an arbitrary number field that is not a straightforward generalization of the conjecture over Q due to a subtlety occurring at the archimedean places.


Hot-extrusion was used to produce Ni{sub 3}Al-based alloys to which 10 vol % TiN, NbC, HfO{sub 2}, or HfN was added for reinforcement. The TiN, NbC, and HfO{sub 2} particulates produced Ni{sub 3}Al-matrix composites in which no reaction was noted at the particle-matrix interface. However, the addition of HfN resulted in extensive reaction in which the hafnium appeared to diffuse into the matrix. Microstructures of this alloy showed a complex array of phases and voids where the HfN particles are presumed to have been originally. Hot hardness, compression, and compression creep tests were preformed on specimens cut from the extruded bar of each alloy. No significant strengthening was observed for the alloys containing TiN, NbC, or HfO{sub 2}. However the HfN-containing alloy did show significant strengthening in simple compression and compression creep. This presentation will include microstructures and the results of the mechanical properties tests. 26 refs., 5 figs.


This study deals with hyaluronidase(HASE-) producing steptococci found in advanced dentinal caries. Streptococci are considered to be a major causative group of micro-organisms of deep dentinal caries. However, their approach and modes of action in the production of carious dentin still are subject to continuing investigation. Meyer, Chaffee, and Hobby,' Crowley,2 Rogers,'5 and Pike6 have proved that among the hemolytic streptococci, Group A-a non-mucoid type-and Groups B, C, and G produce HASE. Rosan' 8 has found that, among non-hemolytic streptococci, one strain of Streptococcus faecazlis and, among the viridans type streptococci, one strain of S. mitis also produce the enzyme HASE. All the above-mentioned strains of streptococci which produce HASE have been obtained from sources other than dental caries. Therefore, this suggests an investigation of the different groups of streptococci obtained exclusively from carious dentin in human teeth and to determine the presence or absence of HASE. Hemmens, Blayney, Bradel and Harrison,9 Harrison,'0 and Thoma and Goldman" have believed that streptococci are more persistently associated with advanced caries of dentin. Besic'2 studied the fate of bacteria left beneath the filling in a tooth and found that streptococci were more prevalent and resistant than lactobacilli. Goadby,'3 Hartzell and Henrici,'4 and Clarke'5 have found different varieties of streptococci in carious lesions of human teeth. Tunicliff and Hammond'" have isolated smooth and rough types of streptococci viridans from dentinal caries. Hayes'7 has found S. viridans and non-hemolytic streptocci to be the predominant organisms in dental caries. Burnett and Scherp'8 and


Objective To investigate the effect of humanized nursing in the perioperative period of ovarian cancer. Methods 60 patients with ovarian cancer who need the operative treatment were divided into the observation group and control group. The conventional nursing plan was used in the all the patients and the humanized nursing plan was additional used in the observation group. The mental health level, physiological stress level,life quality,treatment adherence and nursing service satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The mental health level,life quality,treatment adherence and nursing service satisfaction of the observation group were higher than the ones of the control group,and the physiological stress level of the observation group was lower. Conclusion It can get a satisfaction effect to use humanized nursing in the perioperative period of ovarian cancer,with higher level of mental health,life quality,treatment adherence and nursing service satisfaction.


There are many sites in the world, where Environment are still under influence of the contamination related to the Uranium production carried out in past. Author's experience shows that lack of site characterization data, incomplete or unreliable environment monitoring studies can significantly limit quality of Safety Assessment procedures and Priority actions analyses needed for Remediation Planning. During recent decades the analytical laboratories of the many enterprises, currently being responsible for establishing the site specific environment monitoring program have been significantly improved their technical sampling and analytical capacities. However, lack of experience in the optimal site specific sampling strategy planning and also not enough experience in application of the required analytical techniques, such as modern alpha-beta radiometers, gamma and alpha spectrometry and liquid-scintillation analytical methods application for determination of U-Th series radionuclides in the environment, doesn't allow to these laboratories to develop and conduct efficiently the monitoring programs as a basis for further Safety Assessment in decision making procedures. This paper gives some conclusions, which were gained from the experience establishing monitoring programs in Ukraine and also propose some practical steps on optimization in sampling strategy planning and analytical procedures to be applied for the area required Safety assessment and justification for its potential remediation and safe management.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


The development of transition-metal-free arylation procedures represents a key goal in modern organic synthesis. A green arylation can be obtained by having recourse to light as a 'clean' reagent in place of toxic metals. In particular, a new method based upon the photoheterolytic fragmentation of substituted aryl halides or esters, with the formation of aryl cations has recently emerged. The peculiar reactivity of these cations with carbon nucleophiles allows several straightforward photo-arylations, which compare favorably with other thermal or photochemical metal-free analogues. 1 Introduction 2 Aryl Cation Chemistry 3 Metal-Free Formation of Aryl-Carbon Bonds 3.1 Formation of Aryl-Alkyl Bonds 3.1.1 Arylation of Carbonyl Compounds 3.1.2 Formation of Aryl-Allyl Bonds 3.1.3 Formation of Other Aryl-Alkyl Bonds 3.2 Formation of Aryl-Vinyl Bonds 3.3 Formation of Aryl-Alkynyl Bonds 3.4 Formation of Aryl-Aryl Bonds 3.5 Cyanation 4 Conclusions


The effect of electric pulse on solidification structure of iron and steel materials is investigated through directly imposing a pulse current upon molten carbon steel during the solidification process.The experimental results show that the electric pulse treatment can obviously enhance homogeneity of carbon steel solidification macrostructure.Microscopically,the content of ferrite of low carbon steel is increased and its distribution becomes more uniform.The pearlite of high carbon steel is refined,and the lamellar spacing is reduced by 3~5 times.The electric pulse treatment is useful to improve the strand quality of iron and steel.The mechanism of electric pulse on refining grains of iron and steel solidification is also analyzed.


Designing a robot control system that is able to intelligently decide how to handle prioritizing and combining the actions from multiple, conflicting goals is necessary for effective autonomous behavior. The method proposed in this paper uses a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to evolve the relative goal weights that enable agents to combine outputs from conflicting goals. Two problem scenarios are constructed to test the system, and the evolved parameters are examined in detail. We find that the GA is able to find parameter sets that allow the agents to perform well in both scenarios. Parameter sets are evolved by the GA that are difficult to hand code, indicating that evolution is a good possible solution to this problem.


Adopting the research methods of documentary reference,survey on the spot and interview,this paper analyzed the design,function and effect of the musical rhythm utilized in the physical education in hope of enriching and perfecting the present physical education and providing suggestions for the development and reformof school physical education.


In this book,an attempt has been made by developing some inferential methods for autoregressive models by using Internally studentized residuals.In the Applied regression analysis, the autoregressive models, moving average models and combined autoregressive and moving average models have a wide number applications. The study on autoregressive process/models is considered to be essential to both the theoretical and applied statisticians.The first order and higher order autoregressive models for regressed variable and errors have been described by giving auto covariance functions.Further,an autoregressive dynamic model without constant term has been specified and in the presence of lagged dependent variable, a modified durbin's h-statistic for testing the hypthesis of no auto correlation has been developed for first order autoregressive error process, Instrumental variable method of estimation has been proposed to estimate the parameters of first order autoregressive errors model with lagged dependent variable as regressor and hence obtained estimates for autocorrelation co-efficients based an Internally studentized residuals.


Abstract Not many computer science topics have enjoyed a similarly broad interest like autonomous software agents. In the last 20 years more than 180 platforms were created, intended to facilitate agent application creation. In recent years agent platform research seems to have lost much of its attractiveness. This article is the second part of a three-part survey on agent platform technology. In this section we elaborate on standardization efforts for agent platforms and provide a selection of platforms which we consider as characteristic for each of the platform classes as introduced in the previous article.


The present study investigates the characteristics of turbulent transfer and the conditions for dust emis- sion and transport using the dust concentration and micrometeorological data obtained during dust events occurring in the spring of 2004 over the Huushandake desert area.The turbulent exchange coefficients and turbulent fluxes of momentum and heat are calculated.The relationships between dust flux,friction velocity, and wind speed are also explored.The results show that thermal turbulence is dominant during daytime of non-dnsty days.The dynamic turbulence increases obviously and the sensible heat flux reduces by different degrees during dust events.There is an efficient downward transfer of momentum before duststorm occur- rence,and both the dynamic turbulence and the thermal turbulence are important in the surface layer.The dynamic turbulence even exceeds the thermal turbulence during severe dnststorm events.The values of dust flux vary in the range of -5-5,-30-30,and -200-300μg m~(-2) s~(-1) during non-dusty days,blowing dust, and duststorm events,respectively.A slight upward transport of dust is observed during non-dnsty days. The dust flux gradually varies from positive to negative during dnststorm periods,which indicates the time evolution of dust events from dust rising to stably suspending and then deposition.The dust flux is found to be proportional to u_*~3.The threshold values of wind speed and friction velocity are about 6 and 0.4 m s~(-1),respectively.


Significance A global loss of DNA methylation due to active DNA demethylation is critical to the regulation of tomato fruit ripening. It is unclear whether and how DNA methylation may change during the ripening of other fruits. We found a global increase in DNA methylation during orange fruit ripening, likely because of decreases in the expression of DNA demethylase genes. The DNA hypermethylation was associated with not only the repression of several hundred genes, such as photosynthesis genes, but also the activation of hundreds of genes, including genes involved in abscisic acid responses. Our study therefore revealed a global gain in DNA methylation during an important phase of plant development, and suggested a critical role of DNA methylation during orange fruit ripening. DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark involved in many biological processes. The genome of the climacteric tomato fruit undergoes a global loss of DNA methylation due to active DNA demethylation during the ripening process. It is unclear whether the ripening of other fruits is also associated with global DNA demethylation. We characterized the single-base resolution DNA methylomes of sweet orange fruits. Compared with immature orange fruits, ripe orange fruits gained DNA methylation at over 30,000 genomic regions and lost DNA methylation at about 1,000 genomic regions, suggesting a global increase in DNA methylation during orange fruit ripening. This increase in DNA methylation was correlated with decreased expression of DNA demethylase genes. The application of a DNA methylation inhibitor interfered with ripening, indicating that the DNA hypermethylation is critical for the proper ripening of orange fruits. We found that ripening-associated DNA hypermethylation was associated with the repression of several hundred genes, such as photosynthesis genes, and with the activation of hundreds of genes, including genes involved in abscisic acid responses. Our results suggest important roles of DNA methylation in orange fruit ripening.


"propaganda"differs in understanding and expression in English and Chinese language.This paper attempts to use corpus-based method,combined with the latest achievements in the study of prosody in recent years and the approaches of quantitative and qualitative to carry out research on its prosody,understanding and translation to find the difference between English and Chinese language,which can provide reference for English-Chinese translation practice and translation teaching.


Soybean protein isolate(SPI) was heated for different periods of time at different temperatures in order to investigate the effects of length of heating time and heating temperature on the gel strength,surface hydrophobicity,water-holding capacity of SPI.Length of heating time of 40 min and heating temperature of 90 ℃ were found optimum.Along with this,glucono-δlactone-induced acidification on SPI was investigated,and the optimum induction time was found to be 6 h.Also,the effect of acidification induced by different concentrations of glucono-δ-lactone followed by heating treatment under optimized conditions on the gel strength,surface hydrophobicity,water-holding capacity of SPI was explored,and the results obtained showed that glucono-δ-lactone-induced acidification resulted in significant changes in these three characteristics of heated SPI.


Originality/value of paper: The exploration of contemporary mentoring initiatives in the international hospitality industry identifies the value of cross-industry TM innovations stretching beyond stakeholders, such as educators, employers and policy-makers. It identifies mentoring initiatives as mechanisms for creating bonds and bridges between those industry aspirants at various career stages where diversity and inclusion may be a challenge in a fragmented and dispersed sector.

https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/file/332f434a-c6fc-4b45-9e1a-59a65d0e7b1e/1/Mentoring initiatives as talent management innovations - 9781800713079 - 2021 - Gannon Clayton Klenert.pdf


This article explores ways to increase individuals' capacities to engage in the activities of a learning organization. A general education seminar is analyzed as a case example of teaching that follows William Perry's theory of intellectual and ethical development. First, the learning organization is defined. Second, organizational learning is linked to theories of individual learning. How the seminar was conducted is discussed, and the implications of the experience are explored in relation to management education. The article concludes with a plea for greater integration of general education objectives and management education objectives in light of efforts to change organizational behavior.


Cancer in the broader sense refers to more than 277 different types of cancer disease. Scientists have identified the different stage of cancers, indicating that several gene mutations are involved in cancer pathogenesis. These gene mutations lead to abnormal cell proliferation. A genetic disorder caused by heritance or inheritance factor has a pivotal role in the increase of cell growth. The in the 1980s groundbreaking evidence began to emerge that a variety of viruses also cause cancer in human. There is now sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in human T-cell lymphotropic virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpes virus 8 according to the International Agency for research on cancer (IARC). With the assistance of technological advances in bioinformatics and molecular technique, additional information has been obtained that can be useful for early diagnosis and proper treatment. These can also be complemented with enzyme supplement. Understanding the molecules basis of cancer can give us an insight into the protocol for aggregate prevention, treatment, oral/ and curing of cancer.


Ternary phase diagrams of the Ti-Al-Element systems are analyzed for the synthesis of TiAl-based intermetallic alloys. The most promising alloying elements for creating intermetallic alloys are determined. The ranges of varying of the alloy composition to obtain alloys with the necessary phase composition are defined.


The whiteness and whitening effect of kaolin are influenced by the status and content of iron in kaolin.It is meaningful in practical application to determine the contents of different species of iron in kaolin rapidly and accurately.However,it is difficult to analyze the contents of free and structural iron in kaolin.In this article,iron in kaolin is divided into soluble and insoluble iron.The soluble iron in kaolin can be obtained by leaching with hydrochloric acid,while the total iron is achieved by calcining with sodium hydroxide.The content of insoluble iron is equal to the content of total iron minus soluble iron.The phenanthroline spectrophotometry method is used to determine the content of iron.The relative standard deviation of this method is less than 5%,and sample recoveries range from 95% to 105%.The detection limit of iron is 1.06 μg/g.Other elements in kaolin did not interfere with iron determination by this method.Soluble iron was almost free iron with little structural iron in kaolin.The maximum content of removal iron for the whitening technique can be estimated by quantitative analysis of soluble iron in kaolin.


Key words: word order, slovene, italian, influence, language
ABSTRACT
The Slovene minority that lives in Italy is daily exposed at the influence of Italian language on their mother language. As a consequence of language contact in bilingual speakers it is possible to notice language interference. Interference can occur only if there is open cultural and linguistic communication between the two linguistic communities. Language interference can be divided in four groups relative to phonetics, word formation and morphology and syntax. In my paper I will focus on analysis of syntax interference, more precisely on word order.
The Slovene community living in Italy has various printed media. I analyse some articles published in recent issues of the monthly magazine mladika written in Slovene language that is being issued in Trieste since 1957. The articles are written by Slovenes that live in Italy and are bilingual speakers. My analysis concerns only written language because the time lag between thinking and writing should permit the functioning of »defence mechanism«. Slovene and Italian language both have the standard word order called SVO (subject- verb- object), but the role of word order in Slovene differs from Italian language. In Slovene the syntactic role of words is defined by morphology but in contrary, in Italian the syntactic role is defined by sentence word order. The present paper presents the violation of the norms of Slovene standard language.


Deep geothermal energy gained more and more attention in the Netherlands over the past few years. It is a renewable energy source with limited air emissions and it can provide reliable base-load power. Since 2007 eight installations were built and more than hundred exploration permits were approved by the Dutch authorities. Many energy firms are looking for new business opportunities and might also see the potential of the geothermal industry. However, the geothermal industry is a nascent market in an early stage of formation. It is not clear which activities are present in the geothermal industry and what investment options are available for energy firms. This research addresses these issues. Should energy firms invest in the geothermal industry and if so, what strategic investment options are available and which should they choose? This research connects practice—the geothermal industry, which is still immature, very cooperative and under development—with the theoretical concepts from transactions cost theory, the resource-based view and resource dependence theory. A strategic investment framework is developed to support firms during their decision-making process. It is concluded that resources are especially important in competitive markets, in which TAQA is currently active, while resource dependence is important when firms do not directly compete, which is the case in the geothermal industry. Transaction cost theory might be important in mature markets and did not prove to be of high value for the geothermal industry or for TAQA. The framework includes criteria resulting from all three theories in order to support firms in assessing strategic investment options in the geothermal industry.


The present study focused on type II Diabetes patients in terms of their subjective wellbeing (QoL), life satisfaction (LS) and their sense of control over disease (Internal Locus of Control, ILoC). For this purpose, 100 (N=100) diagnosed diabetic patients were approached through purposive sampling technique. The results showed a significantly positive correlation among the variables of the study i.e. quality of life, life satisfaction and internal locus of control but the moderating role of internal locus control has been found insignificant on the relationship of perceived wellbeing and life satisfaction. The findings suggests that the three factors are strongly correlated with each other but internal locus of control does not possess any moderating role and quality of life alone has significant impact on life satisfaction of the patients. Thus, by improving the perceived quality of life, the life satisfaction among the patients can be achieved.


anmount of work entailed by military life than by the sudden and unexpected demands made upon them, from time to time; the saame daily output of work might have been accomplished without risk had the man been able to take his own time about it. By testing the reaction of suclh hrearts to exercise no doubt much assistance is gained for making a general estimate of the cardiac reserve power, but the exigencies of active service in the field make a great strain upon the nervous system, and it is this factor which it seems almost impossible to estimate beforehand, at least by any muechanical devices. French physicians have recorded tlhree definite cases of permanent tachycardia of emotional origin; in. eaclh case tlle tachyeardia developed after concussion due to shell explosion. The serious effect of emotion upon the heart was noted long ago by Corvisart during the Frenclh Revolution, who said, " I am not the only physician to whiom it appeared that organic diseases of the heart during the reign of terror were more frequent than in ordinary times." Most of these cases with what one might call "suibnormal " hearts complain of shortness of breath on quite moderate exertion, at times of giddiness and faint feelings, but most especially of a general sense of exhaustion, occasionally, too, of nocturnal palpitations, but complaint of actual pain has in mylv experience been infrequent. The most usual physical signs in such cases are a rapid pulse, a diffuse slapping imupulse, and at times an indefinite short systolic murmiur at the apex, which has really but little resemblance to a true organic mitral murmur. Careful inquiry would elicit that in very many instances these cases had in the distant past suffered either from rlleumatism, diphtheria, frequent attacks of influenza, or that during the war they had been in hospital with trench fever or some indefinite febrile disorder. There is little doubt in my mind that these last-named affections do quite definitely impair the efficiency of the myocardium. On the other lhand, malaria, which has affected so large a number of our soldiers and of wllich I have had the opportunity of seeing a good deal both in Salonica and afterwards at home among the soldiers returning from the various Eastern fronts, seems quite exceptionally to have had more than a transitory effect upon the heart. Many cases have, of course, been much weakened in their general health by the constantly recurring attacks, but, in my experience, it is seldom that cardiac manifestations, when present, can be attributed to malaria. It so happens that many cases of malaria have also suffered from dysentery, and it seems probable that such cardiac weakness as occurs may be due to the dysentery rather than to the malaria. It may be remembered that Da Costa, in his classical article upon " Tlle irritable heart of soldiers," gives as one of the most fiequent causes of it " prolonged diarrhoea." Apart fromi an occasional case of obvious Graves's disease which has developed rapidly owing to the unfavourable condition of active service, it has not been my experience that the taclhyeardia-so common in soldiers can often be traced to hypertlhyroidism, and this seems also to be the experience of Continental physicians, thouglh muclh lhas been written to the contrary in this country. A far more potent cause is tobacco, particularly in the case of youing soldiers. Among older men arterio-sclerosis is fairly coummon, at least in its early stages. But on careful investigation it will be found due to causes which were in operation before the man entered the army, but obviously mnadqe worse by tthe abuse of alcohol and tobacco, while the excessive meat cTietary, wlhich is so characteristic of the B-itish army, has also a ml-ost unfavourable influence upon the condition. The fact that so many cases suffering fromn somiie apparent cardiac disability are not, strictly speakiig, cardiac at all lhas been mucll insisted upon by miiany observers, alnd particularly by British physicians. Suci cases miglht be regarded as conditions of ' cardasthenia," on the analogy of neurasthenia, thouglh this latter terml has more subtle and wide-reaclhing connotations t}an its name would seemii to indicate. In any given instance of one of these indefinite cardiac conditions, to determine lhow much is due to a nervous and how much to a muscLtlar affection must be left to the acumen of the individual physician; it is unliktely that mechanical methods will prove of muchl assistanlce in thlis tyrpe of case. Medical labels are bad for soldiers, and perhaps for other people, too, wvhile nothling i.s mlore unwvise thlan a false precision. Medical officers arc ofiten much hampered by the rtigiity of the official nom-tenclature of diseases, wlhich tends tor impress the soldier too muelh witlh the name of his comw plaint, to which hie clings with a pathetic persistence:4 also it leads to that "education of diseases" so strongly deprecated by Plato in the Republic.


Descriptions of complex sentences in African languages generally focus on the presence/absence of conjunctions, whether co-ordinating or subordinating. When considering complex sentences without conjunctions, other elements are active in the integration of the dependent clause (D) into the matrix clause (M). The paper will present a list of the various processes used by African languages to mark subordination.


Summary: Sixty‐three consecutive cases of prolapsed pulsating cord managed by vacuum extraction and 52 others managed by Caesarean section are reviewed. Statistical comparison showed that there was no significant difference between both groups as regards the number of depressed babies at birth, fetal complications or fetal loss (P > 0.05). Postoperative maternal complications were more significant with Caesarean sections (P < 0.001). The vacuum extractor appears to offer an alternative to Caesarean section in selected cases of prolapsed pulsating cord. Satisfactory maternal and fetal results depend on adequate funic decompression, proper selection of cases, rapid interference and skill in vacuum extraction. When speed is observed, the instrument can be applied within 5 minutes of diagnosis and in most cases delivery achieved with 10 minutes traction.


The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate working clothes for shipbuilding workers who work in one of the poorest work environments among national strategic industries that are playing pivotal roles for the Korean economy. For the study method, requirements collected through interviews and field surveys were incorporated to directly weave the fabrics for working clothes. The colors were then selected and the woven fabrics were dyed with the selected colors. Using these, the designs of working clothes were planned from the construction and design aspects and four winter clothes and four spring and fall clothes were produced. Afterwards, the workers dressed in these clothes and workers and managers evaluated them in terms of appearance, color satisfaction, design satisfaction, and safety mind harmony on a five point scale. This study found that the new working clothes offered better functionality, design, and safety compared to existing working clothes.


New non-invasive methods have been developed to detect lung malignancies. One of them is positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F 2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) as a radiotracer. Objective: Evaluate the FDG-PET results performed through a hybrid coincidence–gamma camera in patients with pleuropulmonary infectious diseases or lung tumors. Material and methods: Fifteen patients were evaluated, and divided into: group I – five patients with active lung tuberculosis, and group II – ten patients with possible pleuropulmonary neoplasia. Doses of 185 MBq of FDG were given intravenously, and scans were performed with a two-headed ADAC Vertex Plus camera. Results: In group I all scans were positive. In group II after thoracotomy in nine patients and mediastinoscopy in one, the following diagnoses were observed: two adenocarcinomas, two granulomas, one small cell carcinoma, one large cell carcinoma, one hamartoma, one rounded atelectasis, one mesothelioma, and one antracosis. The scans were positive in six patients (five malignant neoplasias and one granuloma) and negative in the other four cases. Conclusion: The FDG-PET performed through a hybrid camera produces images of quality that permit identification of active infectious process. FDG-PET in association with clinical and radiological exams can differentiate malignant from benign lung neoplasias.


This study investigated children's ability to write number sentences for simple addition and subtraction word problems. First graders taught to represent problems with open number sentences (e.g., 5 + 7 = 8) represented a variety of problems with number sentences that directly modeled the action in the problems. First graders taught to represent all problems with number sentences in standard form (a + b = 7, a b = 7) were limited in the problems they could represent. Second graders could represent problems directly with open number sentences or transform them to number sentences in standard form. The results, consistent with research on solutions using modeling and counting strategies, suggest that open number sentences may provide mathematical symbolism that allows young children to build upon informal strategies for representing and solving simple word problems.


We propose a web document transcoding technique that translates existing web pages designed for desktop computers into an appropriate form for hand-held devices connected to the wireless internet. By defining a content block based on a visual separation and using it as a minimum unit for analyzing and converting processes, we can get web pages converted more exactly. We also apply the reallocation of the content block and the generation of new index in order to provide convenient interface without left-right scrolling in small screen devices. These methods, compared with existing ways such as text level summary or partial extraction method, can provide efficient navigation and a full recognition of web documents. To gain those transcoding benefits, we propose the Layout-Forming Tag Analysis Algorithm that analyzes structural tags, which motivate visual separation and the Component Grouping Algorithm that extracts the content block. We also classify and rearrange the content block and generate the new index to produce an appropriate form of web pages for small display devices. We have designed and implemented our transcoding system in a proxy server and evaluated the methods and the algorithms through an analysis of transcoded results. Our transcoding system showed a good result on most of popular web pages that have complicated structures.