New control strategies have been developed for responding to freeway incidents. Two types of incident situations were considered. In Situation 1, control is only needed at on-ramps in the immediate vicinity of the incident site. In Situation 2, control is also needed on freeway segments and connectors located upstream of the freeway segment containing the incident. The strategies were extensively tested under a wide variety of simulated incident conditions. Guidelines on strategy selection and usage in an operational environment have been prepared. Functional requirements have also been developed for an on-line incident control strategy evaluator which could pre-test the merits of several candidate strategies. This first volume presents an overview of the study highlighting the research methodology, major accomplishments, and conclusions, and recommendations for future research. The other volumes of this report are: Vol. 2 RD-80/005 Evaluation of Strategy Performance Under Simulated Incident Conditions; Vol. 3 RD-80/006 Software Documentation; Vol. 4 RD-80/007 Operational Guidelines and Requirements for an On-Line Incident Control Strategy Evaluator. (FHWA)


Glaciers and slope movements may act simultaneously to erode and modify glaciated slopes. Undercutting by glaciers can destabilize slopes but the extent to which slope failure may progress prior to subsequent glacier withdrawal has not hitherto been considered. The traditional view has been that the buttressing effect of ice prevents slope movement. The problem with this view is that ice is one‐third the density of rock and flows under low applied stress. Consequently, failed slopes may move into the glacier if they exert a stress in excess of the resistance provided by the glacier. Slope movement rate depends on ice rheology and other factors influencing driving and resisting stresses. Simple viscous equations are used to investigate these variables. The equations predict that small (<125 000 m3) ice‐contact rockslides can deform ice at several mm/year, increasing to several m/year for very large (>108 m3) rockslides. To test these estimates, field evidence is presented of slope movements in glaciated valleys of New Zealand; narrowing or squeezing of glaciers adjacent to unstable rock slopes is demonstrated and considered to be the result of slope movement. For one site, geomorphic mapping and slope movement monitoring data show that movement rates are of similar order of magnitude to those predicted by the viscous equations; closer agreement could be achieved with the application of modelling techniques that can more realistically model the complex slope geometries and stability factors encountered, or by obtaining additional empirical data to calibrate the models. This research implies that, while the concept of glacial debuttressing – the reduction of slope support from withdrawal of glaciers – is valid, complete debuttressing is not a prerequisite for the movement of ice‐contact rock slopes. These slope movements may contribute to the erosional processes of glaciers and the evolution of glaciated slopes in a previously unrecognized way. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Theoretical and numerical studies of anomalous transport due to the lower-hybrid-drift instability show that this mode can cause significant diffusion in post-implosion theta pinches where Ti ≫ Te and the electron drift velocity is below the ion thermal speed. Numerical results show that the diffusion scales with the simple diffusion velocity VD ∼ (c2νan/ω2pe) [∂ℓnBz/∂x] = − (c2νanβ/2ωpe2) [∂ℓnn/∂x], where νan is the anomalous collision frequency for the lower-hybrid-drift instability, estimated from quasilinear theory. (Here, Bz is the magnetic field, n is the density, and β = 8πnTi/Bz2 is the local value of beta.) Moreover, the time evolution of the sheath width in the numerical calculation agrees well with the simple theoretical estimate [Ln(t)/Ln(t=0)]4 = 1 + 4[VD(t=0)/Ln(t = 0)]t, where Ln(t) is the density sheath width [Ln ≅ −(∂ℓnn/∂x)−1]. This simple formula for lower-hybrid-drift sheath broadening is valid for 0.5 rLi < Ln < 0.5 (mi/me)1/2rLi, where rLi is the ion Larmor radius.


We investigate the spatial and spectral properties of broad-area vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with frequency-selective feedback by a volume Bragg grating. We demonstrate wavelength locking similar to the case of edge emitters but the spatial mode selection is different from the latter. On-axis spatial solitons obtained at threshold give way to off-axis extended lasing states beyond threshold. The investigations focus on a self-imaging external cavity. We analyze how deviations from the self-imaging condition affect the pattern formation and a certain robustness of the phenomena is demonstrated.


The Children Motivation Analysis Test (CMAT) is a newly developed paper and pencil (objective) instrument for quantifying human motivational dynamic traits among upper elementary school childeren. The CMAT is a downward extension of the SMAT and MAT questionnaires, which have put motivation measurement on a firm (Objective) empirical and theoretical basis. These objective instruments avoid the most serious handicap of self‐report instruments (Boyle, 1989). N‐stens for 540 Zimbabwean children in Grade 6 are presented as the CMAT was administered to separate groups of girls and boys, children, representing the first such normative data available for this instrument in Africa. Gender differences in means and standard deviations for the main CMAT subscales for each group are investigated and reported.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the sense-making experiences of migrant managers from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka as they adapt to their new work and career environment in Australia. Data was collected by conducting thirteen in-depth interviews with people who had at least one year supervisory experience in their home country and in Australia. The data was analysed using the constant comparative method to examine how these people made sense of their new work environment. The results suggest that South Asian migrant managers face significant challenges that result in varying degrees of career progress. Problems experienced in the sense-making process can lead to difficulties in acculturation resulting in people becoming chronically disembedded from the employment market.


Background: Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease in many parts of the world. It may involve multiple organs and is often hard to diagnose due to the non-specific symptoms. In this study, we report a case with Brucella spondylitis successfully treated by medical therapy. Case presentation: A 57-year-old female living in a rural area was admitted with progressive osphyalgia, radiative pain of left lower limbs, hyperpyrexia, shiver and weakness. Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) displayed decreased signal intensity of the L3-4 vertebrae on T1-weighted images and increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images. A Brucella standard tube agglutination test was positive at a titer of 1:400. Given the test results, the patient was treated with doxycycline (0.1 g, two times daily) and moxifloxacin (0.4 g, one time daily) orally for 3 months and concurrently rifampicin (0.45 g) and isoniazide (0.3 g) orally one time daily for 6 months. Conclusions: Brucella spondylitis should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis in patients with osphyalgia. The duration of treatments should be prolonged in patients with worse physical condition.


Cement production accounts for approximately 5% of total global CO2 emissions from all human activities. In addition, the consumption of virgin aggregates for concrete infrastructure has created virgin material scarcity issues in many areas of the USA. High-performance green concrete (HPGC) with fly ash and recycled aggregates can help reduce the demand for material inputs and reduce pollution outputs associated with bulk material flow of urban concrete. Structural and durability tests showed that HPGC containing fly ash and 50% recycled aggregate (100% of the coarse aggregate fraction) performed equally or better than 100% ordinary Portland cement concrete with the same cementitious content. Durability improvements were more significant with Class F than Class C fly ash. For both Class F and Class C fly ash, greater per cent replacement of Portland cement with fly ash led to slower and lower strength gain, but still within acceptable strength criteria for Colorado Department of Transportation Class B concrete. This paper quantifies the sustainability of HPGC in urban infrastructure by addressing structural performance, environmental, economic and resource depletion impacts.


There are now signs in the United States as well as in Europe that the importance of a positive human-nonhuman animal relationship in research laboratories is appreciated more seriously. In addition to knowledge and skills, primary attributes of animal research personnel must be feelings of compassion and sensitivity toward animals to safeguard the reliability of scientific research data.


49 Conctluding Remzarks. This series of 100 cases of radical extirpation of carcinoma of the cervix uteri reviewed on an absolute cure basis is tlle first to be produced from a British source, all previous evidence as to the final value of tlle operation baving come from the Continent. The attitucle of characteristic cautiousness which distinguishes this country in taking up innovations from abroad extends to surgery, and there are not wanting those wlio still i'iew the procedure askance or even with hostility. Tllhe operation is one no suraeon can undertake liglhtly, for beyond the considerable mental and physical strain which accompanies its performance he may lhave to face the anxiety of a critical convalescence or the disheartenment of failure, and the more so the more advanced cases he ventures upon. His reward comes five years later, and, as this paper slhows, is onie well wortlh tlle striving for.


Talk presented by the Friends of the Barr Smith Library of Adelaide University and held in the Ira Raymond Room, 21 July 2016.


Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1B is associated with mutations in the myelin protein zero gene. In the present study a new myelin protein zero gene mutation (c.89T>C,Ile30Thr) was detected in a family with the Dejerine–Sottas disease phenotype. The results support the hypothesis that severe, early‐onset neuropathy may be related to either an alteration of a conserved amino acid or a disruption of the tertiary structure of myelin protein zero. Muscle Nerve, 2006


It is considered impossible to form Schottky contacts on amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H). Taking the lead from our earlier work in which we report the formation of Schottky contacts on radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (rf PECVD) grown a-C:H films, here we present a way of confining the semiconductor-like parts of a-C:H to particular regions of the films. Thus, the location and formation of Schottky contacts in a-C:H, are rendered more predictable. This was achieved by depositing a-C:H on metal-patterned Si substrates.


The reactive sputtering of hard coatings as TiN in large distances and/or on large substrates is difficult to perform with the conventional magnetron. A strong magnetic confinement of plasma between the magnetron target and substrates enhances the gas ionization and raises the ion current Is extracted to substrates. A new sputtering system with a multipolar magnetic plasma confinement (MMPC) is described. It consists of a planar unbalanced magnetron (UM), with diameter 120 mm equipped with two magnetic coils, and coupled to a closed multipolar magnetic field formed by a set of permanent magnets located on the internal surfaces of the deposition chamber. Typical operation characteristics of the new sputtering system are presented. It can be operated in a wide range of pressure from 5 to 0.02 Pa. The influence of different magnetic field configurations on Is and on the floating potential Ufl of substrates is also reported and compared with the characteristics of the UM without the multipolar field. Operatio...


One day, you will discover a new adventure and knowledge by spending more money. But when? Do you think that you need to obtain those all requirements when having much money? Why don't you try to get something simple at first? That's something that will lead you to know more about the world, adventure, some places, history, entertainment, and more? It is your own time to continue reading habit. One of the books you can enjoy now is aquatic toxicology and hazard assessment proceedings of the fifth annual symposium on aquatic toxicology here.


SUMMARY This paper represents an exploratory comparison between modeling the 2007 bigeye tuna data using Multifan-CL versus Stock Synthesis (SS). A partial list of differences between the two modeling approaches is discussed. Run 3 of the 2007 Multifan-CL configuration are compared to several variations modeled with SS and the differences examined. Differences in the assumption of starting values for the fishery (population size / fishing mortality) as well as differences in the manner in which size-at-age is estimated are demonstrated. The SS model was required to make fewer influential assumptions regarding how and when the bigeye tuna fishery started. Furthermore, estimates of growth more in line with those made from hard part examination. Uncertainty surrounding parameter estimates as well derived quantities such as MSY were also produced in a relatively short time period with SS. Although this work is still preliminary, this paper concludes that the SS modeling program is at least comparable to, and in many ways superior to, the Multifan-CL software and should be adopted as a viable assessment tool by ICCAT. Furthermore, continue effort should be put towards building an SS model for the 2010 bigeye tuna assessment. RESUME


Microthermometric studies of fluid inclusions in the Borborema Pegmatitic Province, Northeast Brazil, allowed to recognize the following fluid types: A) primary aqueous carbonic (17-21 mol% CO ) inclusions in early pegmatite minerals, such as garnets and tourmaline (wall zone I) and beryl, quartz, tourmaline and manganotantalite (zone ll and limit zone II/III); B) primary aqueous fluid inclusions with low CO 2 contents (£ 7 mol%), hosted in zoned quartz crystals, apatite and euclase from zone HI, core and replacement bodies of the pegmatites; C) late aqueous inclusions barren in CO^in the same minerals than type B; D) secondary inclusions in all minerals throughout the whole pegmatite, being either aqueous carbonic, showing wide ranges of CO-/HLO ratios (type Dl) or aqueous, with no CO, (D2). The salinity of these fluids range from low (A and B) to moderate (C) and very low (D). Trapping temperatures decrease from type A to type D inclusions. Laser Raman Microspectrometry analyses of the carbonic phase of the type A inclusions confirmed the absence of methane, but detected significant N contents. The observed N 2 /CO, ratios, ranging between 1/5 and 1/70 are higher than those reported in magmatic fluids associated witn pegmatites or granitic magmas (£ 1/140). The high N 2 /CO 2 ratios could be the result of wall rock fluid contamination. High N 2 contents in metamorphic fluids are frequently explained by N 2 liberation during the mica break down.


Optimization on the arrival and departure lines of passenger traffic special line is a programming problem where multiple objectives need to be achieved. The passenger traffic special lines possess characteristics like "great security, high speed, high density, good on-time rates, well-organized". The model is a mixed bilevel integer programming. Convex combination algorithm is effective to programming, when the penalty function is added to objective function. Finally the case study verifies the effectiveness of algorithm.


Objective To study the relationships between diabetes and high intraocular pressure or primary open-angle glaucoma.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical datas of 120 patients with ophthalmology in our hospital from October 2008 to October 2010.Sixty patients with normal intraocular pressure were in the control group,while 60 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or high intraocular pressure were in group A.Measured the fasting blood glucose,2h postprandial blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin in order to diagnose the diabetes.Results The incidence rate of diabetes in control group was 3.3% and the group A was 13.3%.The incidence increased with the age increased of patients,however,there was no relevance to the sex,and there was significantly difference between group A and control group(P0.05).Conclusion There are relationships between diabetes and high intraocular pressure or primary open-angle glaucoma.


Levels of dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenalin were measured in whole brains collected from white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) exposed to increased waterborne levels of copper and zinc associate...


we conducted a prospective study of 63 patients resuscitated from cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) to analyze the prognostic significance of changes in brainstem reflex activity. Brainstem reflex abnormalities were common in the early postresuscitation period. Among survivors, reflexes returned to normal within 48 hours. Reflex abnormalities were significant predictors of poor outcome by 6 hours after CPA. No survivor had absent pupil light or corneal responses from 6 hours after CPA, and loss of reflex response after this time occurred in only one survivor.


BACKGROUND
Study of chemical fertilization intensity (FI) and efficiency can provide basal data for the decision-making of food production and environmental impact assessment of fertilization. This research aimed to compare trends of the FI and efficiency during 1961-2018 in developed and developing countries with a simple method.

RESULTS
The FI in China increased rapidly from about 5 kg ha-1 in 1961 to the highest value of 282 kg ha-1 in 2014, then decreased to about 231 kg ha-1 in 2018. Although the fertilizer allocation efficiency (FAE) showed a slight downward trend, slight upward trend was observed for the fertilizer integrated efficiency (FIE). FIs in India, Iran and Turkey continuously rose from5 kg ha-1 in 1961to 116, 49(148 in 2006),120kg ha-1 in 2018, respectively, while FAEs showed a significant fluctuation around horizontal direction or downward trends and their FIEs showed a slight fluctuation downward. FIs of Britain, Germany and France except USA, increased rapidly from about 200-400 kg ha-1 in 1960s to peaks of 430-530 kg ha-1 in 1980s, then dropped to 150-340 kg ha-1 around 2010, and then up to current level of 200-350 kg ha-1 , while FAEs and FIEs increased rapidly.

CONCLUSION
France and Germany were found to have moderate chemical fertilizer input and the highest FIE. Thus, their experiences of ecological agricultures in both countries could provide good examples for the developing countries to follow. In short, models of FAE and FIE were easier way to reflect the fertilizer efficiencies in developed and developing countries. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Aim: The aim of our work was to compare the de-epithelialization graft method with the standard single incision technique for harvesting of connective tissue grafts. The viability potential of the graft was examined histologically & immunohistochemically and histomorphometrically. Methodology: New Zealand rabbits were divided into 2 groups: single incision group (10 rabbits) lancet 15c was used to perform a pouch for harvesting the connective tissue graft, and De-epithelialization group (10 rabbits), where de-epithelization was performed using flat stone and the dimensions of the donor area were measured using a millimeter periodontal probe 3 mm in width and 10 mm in length. The harvested connective tissue graft was examined histologically and immunohistochemically for CK10 expression. The graft was analyzed by flow cytometry for necrotic cells assay. Hitsomorphometric evaluation of CK10 positive surface area was done. Results: The study demonstrated that signficant decrease was detected in a number of necrotic cells in the de-epithelialization group as compared to the single incision group. CK10 positively reacted epithelial remnants were more in the de-epithelialization group than the single incision group, but this increase was non-significant. Conclusion: The de-epithelialization grafting technique was found to be a simple procedure. Additionally, it showed large areas of extravasated red blood cells and more adipose tissues were obvious in the single incision group as compared to the de-epithelialization group with less technical complication during the surgery. Furthermore, it revealed less necrotic cells, less hemorrhage, and more accurate in the separation of epithelium from the connective tissue.


The stability of silver halide colloids is reported to be important for the toxicological outcome. This study shows a well-suited and cheap condensation reaction to obtain negatively charged silver iodide (AgI) nanoparticles without additional stabilization agents. Charged AgI colloids were synthesized from silver nitrate and potassium iodide solutions. An excess of potassium iodide not only imparted a negative charge, but provided a narrow particle size distribution (50 ± 10 nm). The change of optical properties in the colloid was investigated by UV-VIS spectroscopy. A silver iodide exciton absorption band at peak ~421nm (2.93eV), red-shifted over time. The peak at half maximum intensity increased from 13.3nm to 14.8 nm, characterizing the dispersity of AgI colloidal particles. Colloidal particles stabilized after 33 hours. In-situ real-time UV-VIS measurements provide a tool to adjust the particle characteristics and may serve to further optimize the performance in biological applications.


Byrd-El, T. (2012). Project H.E.A.L. (Healing Through Empowerment Awareness and Leadership Development): Preparing court involved youth for self-sustainability. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.edu


Abstract A new name is proposed for the relatively cool, fresh, northwards‐directed flow along the Wairarapa coast of New Zealand. Data from two research cruises plus historical hydrocast dam are used to show that the water within this current is modified subtropical water with sources likely to be the Southland and D'Urville currents. This current has previously been known as the Canterbury Current or as an extension of the Southland Currer t, but because of its source and location, a better name is the Wairarapa Coastal Current. One‐month‐long current meter records made off the Wairarapa coast show flow continuously to the north during February 1998. Volume transports within the Wairarapa Coastal Current in February 1998 were c. 1.6 Sv off Cape Palliser, diminishing northwards as the current becomes entrained into the East Cape Curren:.


This document looks at policies and infrastructure investments designed to promote non-motorized transport (NMT) in India. It begins with a discussion of trends in walking, bicycling and rickshaw trips from the 1980s to 2010. There is also a discussion of fatal crash rate and NMT users. Design specifications necessary to safely move pedestrians and bicyclists are outlined. A review of current projects to improve NMT infrastructure looks at street improvements in Nanded, reducing travel time in Bangalore City, and bus rapid transit (BRT) projects in nine Indian cities. A closer look at the safety, accessibility, and travel time of the BRT corridor in Delhi is also included. In addition, infrastructure design case studies from The Netherlands, Denmark, and Bogata, Columbia are examined. The conclusion presents likely reductions in fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions due to NMT infrastructure development and policy recommendations.


Solid density materials can support acceleration of electrons to the point where they 'see' existing laser field strengths as being in the radiation-dominated regime. We will discuss tools related to Thomson scattering in this regime.


This paper discusses several cutting-edge non-invasive techniques for measuring blood glucose levels (BGL) using photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. These methods can be efficiently and precisely carried out using artificial intelligence algorithms (AI). The most important parameter for identifying the presence of health issues in a person's body is blood glucose. The state of blood circulation is reflected in the PPG signal. PPG-based BGL measurement utilizing AI is a non-invasive measurement approach because BGL measurement is still currently invasive. This study examines the development of this technology using data collected between 2009 and 2022. The future of non-invasive BGL employing PPG signals with artificial intelligence technology looks promising. Further studies may use the findings of the methodological mapping in this review as a guidance when deciding which BGL measuring methodology to use.


A POINT cloud is a set of 3D points that can be used to represent a 3D surface. Each point has a spatial position (x, y, z) and a vector of attributes, such as colors, material reflection, or normal. As point clouds are capable of reconstructing 3D objects or scenes, they have the potential to be widely used in various applications such as auto-driving and 6-degree virtual reality. However, the following properties of point cloud make the point cloud compression and processing become rather challenging. 1) Unstructured. The point cloud is a series of non-uniform sampled points. On the one hand, it makes the correlations among various points difficult to be utilized for compression. On the other hand, the convolutional neural network that is widely used in image/video processing cannot be applied to the point cloud processing. 2) Unordered. Unlike images and videos, the point cloud is a set of points without a specific order. Therefore, both the point cloud processing and compression algorithms need to be invariant to any permutations of the input point clouds. Recent years have witnessed considerable research efforts in point cloud processing and compression. Hence, the state-ofthe-art in point cloud processing and compression is getting redefined. Yet, many research challenges still remain to be addressed. 1) Efficient framework to compress the point cloud especially the sparse point cloud is still an open problem. Both the traditional compression framework from MPEG and the end-to-end point cloud compression schemes are competing to be the state-of-the-art. 2) Simple yet efficient quality metrics to balance the trade-off between the geometry and the attribute that can reflect human perception are needed. Point clouds have two kinds of information: geometry and attribute. They have their own quality metrics individually. However, how do the qualities of geometry and attributes influence the overall qualities of point clouds are still unknown. A good quality metric is also important to guide the processing and compression algorithms. 3) Efficient deep-learning network structures for both point cloud low-level and high-level vision tasks are anticipated. The development of point cloud object detection and segmentation is still at an initial stage. More sophisticated and efficient algorithms are to be developed.


In this paper we aim to study the Escola Militar do Realengo (EMR) from the perspective of the relationship between youth and military education. The military education, particularly in EMR, had as its main objective the training of Army officer and his military identity. In this sense it is necessary to consider the characteristics of stu -


Modal analysis testing can pinpoint the causes of vibration and help to decide whether passive or active solutions will solve your problems.


© 2015, Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved. PACG is a more visually destructive form of disease than primary open-angle glaucoma. Primary angle-closure glaucoma is responsible for half of all glaucoma blindness worldwide. Most angle closure is asymptomatic. Primary angle-closure glaucoma is more common than historically thought in European-derived populations and all new primary glaucoma cases should be considered to be due to angle closure until proven otherwise by gonioscopy. Older people, women, and Asians are high-risk demographic groups. Ocular biometric risk factors are a thicker lens, a more anteriorly positioned lens, a shorter axial length, all acting to form a shallower anterior chamber. Laser iridotomy and laser iridoplasty are effective in the early stages of disease. There is a potential role for lens extraction in the management of primary angle-closure glaucoma.


The concept of psychological well-being and resilience shares common psychological features involved in positive human functioning. The theoretical dimensions of psychological well-being are deeply rooted in the philosophical approach to humanistic, existential, developmental, and clinical psychology. The present study was aimed to examine the predictable relationship of psychological well-being and resilience among undergraduate university students of Karachi. Secondly, it differentiates the functioning of male and female university students on the construct of psychological Well-being and resilience. The sample was comprised of 300 undergraduate students, purposively selected; with a mean age of 21.89 years belong to different universities of Karachi. The Scales of Psychological Well-being (Ryff, 1989) and The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (Connor & Davidson, 2003) were used as measures of this study. Findings indicated that psychological well-being was positive predictor of resilience. In the Scales of Psychological Well-being, the domain of autonomy and environmental mastery were the significant positive correlates of resilience. In addition, psychological well-being and resilience were found to be greater among female students as compared to male students. The findings of this study provide implications for positive education that enables students to robust their strengths and capabilities to increase their well-being and effective management of university life challenges.


Ethiopia is home to a remarkable diversity of more than 1000 species of medicinal plants. The Harari and Oromo communities living in the prehistoric town of Harar and the surroundings have long history of knowledge and practices of treating human and livestock ailments using medicinal plants. However, this has remained little or no empirically studied. Semi-structured interviews, discussions and guided field walks were used to collect data from 80 randomly and systematically selected informants among who 16 were traditional herbalists. Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Cultural Importance Index (CII), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), Use Diversity (UD), Non-parametric Kruskal Wallis, and Wilcoxon tests were conducted using R software version 3.3.4. A total of 142 wild and cultivated traditional medicinal plant species belonging to 124 genera and 57 families of which leaves are favoured by traditional healers were identified as herbs. Concoction, or filtering, and infusion, or boiling, were the most practiced methods of remedial preparations of the wild and cultivated medicinal plants, respectively. The highest ICF value was recorded for treating toothache and mouth infections (0.93) followed by gastritis, heartburn/pyrosis (0.84). The most culturally important and the highest diversity index were found to be Ocimum lamiifolium and Allium sativum. There were valuable and diversified wild and cultivated ethno-medicinal plant species associated with indigenous knowledge. The reputability of the indigenous knowledge should be corroborated with phytochemical and pharmacological analyses. Moreover, the status of conservation of these plant species and associated ethnomedicinal knowledge needs further investigations.


The characteristics of a slab Nd:YAG laser with orossed-priflm stable unstable confocal resonator are analysed theoretically and investigated experimentally. It has been shown that the flowing air-water cooled slab laser using orossed-prism resonator demonstrates high beam quality and mechanical insensitivity to prism tilt, and some practical applications can be expected.


The paper addresses the following questions: Why are children placed in residential care? What problems do the parents have in caring for their children at home? What services have been used by the parents in seeking solutions to these problems? Are parents' personal resources so inadequate that the risk of removing a child into care must be taken? The study involved a sampling of the parents of children who were placed in residential care facilities. The findings indicated that most children were placed in residential care because the parents lacked the tangible resources necessary for them to bring up the children themselves. The findings challenge the simplistic assumption that only children who are orphaned or of irresponsible parents are placed in residential care, and prompt social workers to reflect on the practical means to support parents in the care of children in Hong Kong.


Focused on the metal plastic forming of valve bodies used by power plant boiler,a new process named "Shear Extrusion" is described in this paper.By the methods of simulating and practical experiments,the new "Shear Extrusion" process has been studied,and the optimal process variables applied to forming valve bodies are obtained.Finally,it further testifies the feasibility and advantage of this process which the large size cut off valve bodies of 12CrMoV alloy have been successfully formed by the screw press.In addition,the new process can be applied to produce not only cut off valve bodies but also components with branches such as sluice valve bodies,teejunctions and so on.


Based on a case study in central Kyrgyzstan, this paper examines the links between the environment, rural livelihoods, and labor migration. The low diversity of income-generating activities in rural areas increases vulnerability to climate change impacts, other environmental stresses, and market failures. As a result, additional livelihood strategies such as labor migration and engagement in trade or other business ventures have become essential coping strategies for rural households. Remittances sent by migrants contribute not only to individual rural households but also to rural community development. Remittances help repay loans that have been taken out by households for different purposes, particularly for running or expanding farming and animal husbandry. When remittances are spent to increase livestock herds, the resulting intensive use of nearby pastures often leads to overgrazing and land degradation.


The vexed problem of epic, equally detectable in the British and French theatrical traditions from the eighteenth century onwards, explains why epic had no place on the 'tragic' stage of the Comédie-Française during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Epic, it seems, could either be 'low' (so confined to the Théâtre Italien) or transported to the hyperreality of the operatic/ballet stages. This chapter examines one danced version, Gardel's revolutionary ballet pantomime Télémaque dans l'île de Calypso (1790) in order to probe the fate of epic on the eighteenth-century stage. In the wake of the institutional divisions of the theatrical arts at the end of the seventeenth century, serious 'spoken' drama was restricted to a narrowly conceived 'reality' that precluded the 'hyperreality' of epic; and yet, paradoxically and chillingly, it was this 'hyperreality' that was increasingly providing a better reflection of the revolutionary actualities that were unfolding outside the theatre.


The concept "field effect in cancer" originated in 1953, from the histopathological observations of Slaughter and colleagues regarding the occurrence of multiple primary oral squamous cell carcinomas and their local recurrences. There are two fundamental theories regarding the development of oral field cancerization (OFC) which includes the "classical" and the "clonal" mechanism. The classical view hypothesizes that the entire epithelial surface of the upper aerodigestive tract has an increased risk for the development of premalignant disorders because of multiple genetic abnormalities in the whole tissue region; owing to prolonged exposures of susceptible carcinogens as a result of tobacco or alcohol consumption. While the clonal theory believes that there always exists a field with genetically altered cells having a high risk of developing premalignant and malignant disorders. Here, the developing separate tumors from a genetically individually altered stem cell in the extended field, share the same clonal origin, and some degree of genetic similarity. Modern molecular and histological technologies exploring the tissue abnormalities in OFC have been performed. Herein, we have briefly discussed regarding the concepts of field cancerization along with the various diagnostic molecular techniques and the therapeutic aspects.


Caladiums (Caladium ·hortulanum Birdsey, Araceae Juss.) can be grown in containers or planted in the landscape as accent and border plants (Evans et al., 1992). They are valued for their long-lasting colorful foliage. Most of the commercially available caladium plants are forced from tubers. Florida growers supply essentially all the caladium tubers used in the United States and some 40 countries in the world for the production of pot plants and direct planting in the landscapes. New cultivar introductions are important not only to the Florida caladium industry but also to the greenhouse, nursery, and landscape industries. Commercial caladium cultivars are often grouped into eight categories based on their leaf type and impact color [fancy white, red, pink, and novelty, and lance (or strap) white, red, pink, and novelty] (Bell et al., 1998). Recent surveys of the Florida caladium industry indicated that 51 caladium cultivars were planted in 2013 with two or more acres planted per cultivar (Deng et al., 2008; Z. Deng, unpublished data). Among the white lance-leaved cultivar groups are 'Florida White Ruffles' and 'White Wing'. 'Florida White Ruffles' was released by the University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences caladium breeding program in 2001. It was primarily bred for forcing in small containers and hanging baskets (Baldwin et al., 2002). 'White Wing' has been in commercial production for many years and was ranked 3rd among all lanceleaved cultivars in the acreage planted in 2013 (14.3 acres). 'Icicle' is a new addition to the white lance leaf cultivar group, and, here, we report its origin, tuber yield potential, plant performance in containers and landscapes, and resistance to Fusarium tuber rot, a major fungal disease of caladium that has caused substantial economic losses to the Florida caladium industry (Goktepe et al., 2007).


The most folk confusion reading agency during the five dynasties was private school possessed by families and very few private schools accepted students with different family name which therefore became public school,but has limit student with different family name.The rise of "four academies" during Song dynasty related to the extending imperial examinations in Song dynasty.The "academy" in the literature of Tang dynasty was just schoolroom.


The Minimum Entropy Deconvolution (MED) technique of Wiggins (1977) represents a breakthrough in deconvolution and will undoubtedly find wide application in many fields. MED does not require any phase assumptions about the disturbing function and seeks a deconvolved output which consists of the smallest number of large spikes consistent with the input data.

The efficiency of MED is much improved when an exponential transformation is incorporated into the algorithm. This is particularly true when the input traces contain additive noise. In this case the noise suppression characteristics of MED are considerably enhanced by the transformation and the identification of smaller spikes is improved. This paper also presents a kurtosis criterion of simplicity rather than the varimax norm introduced by Wiggins. It appears that for a multiple trace input the kurtosis measure leads to improved results.


A total of 105 patients with implantable pacemakers were examined. Whether the pacemaker disconnection test can be used to predict syncopes in failure of permanent cardiac pacing was studied. The spontaneous ventricular activity was evaluated in 62 patients with acquired complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) and in 43 patients with artificial CAVB. The patients with varying pacemaker dependence were grouped. It was ascertained that 7% of patients with artificial CAVB and 19% of those with acquired CAVB were dependent on pacemakers. In possible failure of stimulation or in reimplantation of a pacemaker on its disconnection, 93% of patients with artificial CAVB and 81% with acquired CAVB could develop their own cardiac rhythm. Lowering the frequency of pacing enabled the duration of asystole to be decreased. The usage of isadrin was demonstrated to enhance spontaneous ventricular activity.


Abstract : At sea personnel transfer on any level is an operation that poses a problem for the modern Navy. Current operations are high risk, slow, inefficient, costly, and can only be accomplished in low sea states. As a result of this apparent gap in capability, ONR has deemed it necessary to form concepts which can evolve with the Navy's ever changing vision of Sea Basing. ONR and NAVSEA have created a group within CISD to spur such developments. The specific goal of this group is to develop a conceptual solution to the problem of delivering high throughput transfer of assault personnel and associated assault logistics between two vessels underway in a seaway. After preliminary research three main concepts have been chosen for further development. The three concepts consist of a gondola idea which utilizes mooring lines and ski lift technologies, a rope bridge designed to be flexible and storable, and a spar ship on which hydraulic ramp/ladders are stationed. Each of these ideas possesses potential to be a reasonable solution to the problem of at sea personnel transfer in high sea states. Development of each system will provide better insight to the capabilities of each system and how they might meet the requirements of the Navy.


A shock absorber piston assembly 32 has an upper half, a lower half and a tuning disc (132, 130 and 134 respectively in Fig. 5) dIsposed between the upper and lower halves. The design for the openings in the tuning disc can be selected to individually tune the high and low speed damping characteristics in both compression and extension movements of the shock absorber.


One way to represent the variability of a product family in Software Product Lines is through Feature Models. To date, the construction of these models remains a complex task as it demands extensive man hours and it is very susceptible to errors. This paper presents a platform for the creation, management and review of feature models called FMxx, which consists of a modeling tool based on a modeling language and a web viewer that offers options for storing and revising models. The results of this work demonstrate that it is possible to work with both modules in parallel (desktops and web), thus having a platform available for students, researchers and experts who wish to model the variability of a product line correctly.


Passive rabies surveillance may be as simple (and highly limited) as the number of suspect human cases in a country per year based upon some basic clinical criteria alone, or may involve samples being submitted to a laboratory for diagnostic testing. Passive surveillance implies detection without actively searching for a disease. For example, potential rabies exposures that come to the attention of health officials by virtue of a person who reports being a victim of a dog bite may be (...)


Education for human life is an absolute necessity, which must be met for life. Without education it is impossible a group of people can thrive in line with aspirations for advanced, prosperous, happy according to the concept of their worldview. To advance their lives that then become the main means of education that needs to be managed systematically and consistently. Therefore in this paper will be presented on Islamic education, good sense and function, then about tri education center. Education is the main factor in the human person formation. Education plays an important role in shaping the human person is good or bad according to the size of the normative. On the other hand the process of development and human education does not just happen and influenced by the process of education in the formal education system (schools) only. Mankind for life will always get the influence by family, school and community. In other words, the process of development of human education is to achieve maximum results depends not only on how the education system happen. But it also depends on the educational environment besides the formal environment. Islamic religion is concerned about the environment into the early formation of human character to the extent that there are words of The Prophet stated that for better or worse depending on the merits of the surrounding environment. Islamic education as a liberating people from the threat of apostasy bring men to "Neraka". Create the human becomes a servant of God who have a happy life harmony and balance in the world and the Hereafter.


A solid stable free radical of chlorpromazine was prepared and characterized. The free radical nature of this compound was verified by electron spin resonance and ultraviolet spectral studies. The molecular weight and melting point of the free radical were determined.


Dependence of some species on landscape structure has been proved in numerous studies. So far, however, little progress has been made in the integration of landscape metrics in the prediction of species associated with coastal features. Specific landscape metrics were tested as predictors of coastal shape using three coastal features of the Iberian Peninsula (beaches, capes and gulfs) at different scales. We used the landscape metrics in combination with environmental variables to model the niche and find suitable habitats for a seagrass species ( Cymodocea nodosa ) throughout its entire range of distribution. Landscape metrics able to capture variation in the coastline enhanced significantly the accuracy of the models, despite the limitations caused by the scale of the study. We provided the first global model of the factors that can be shaping the environmental niche and distribution of C. nodosa throughout its range. Sea surface temperature and salinity were the most relevant variables. We identified areas that seem unsuitable for C. nodosa as well as those suitable habitats not occupied by the species. We also present some preliminary results of testing historical biogeographical hypotheses derived from distribution predictions under Last Glacial Maximum conditions and genetic diversity data.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste to biogas in a mesophilic (32°C) continuous digester at a total solid concentration (TS) of 12%. The digester was operated with different organic loading rates and constant retention time. The performance of the reactor was evaluated using parameters like pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), ammonia-N and biogas yield. During the reactor's start-up period (first phase), the process is stable and there is no inhibition occurred. In the second phase, the reactor was fed in continuous mode with different organic loading rates and constant retention time. The highest volatile solid (VS) degradation of 65.9%, with specific biogas production of 368 L.kg-1 VS fed was achieved with organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.1 kg VS.m-3.d-1 and a retention time of 30 days.


The construction process control of large-scale projects is one of the difficulties and keys in the owner's project management. Based on generalization process index, this paper proposes an approach to construction project process control. The paper elaborates on the concept and calculation of generalization process index, which, on analysis, possesses Markov property. Monthly generalization process index is regarded as a state of Markov chain, and the transition between different states is realized by computer simulation. According to the Markov process forecasting model and by means of MATLAB program, the project process forecast is realized, and the completion probability in contract period is obtained. From practical instances, it is concluded that this approach has good applicability and operability and that the obtained results can reflect the degree of project risks.


Introduction: Valproate is the most used antiepileptic drug in children of Serbia. Thrombocytopenia is one of the rare but known adverse effects of valproate. Fever of unknown origin is a frequent clinical sign in children. Case report: We present three cases of resistant thrombocytopenia in children on antiepileptic therapy (valporate). Thrombocy


The paper discuss the possibility of anchor′s application to mud-rock flow prevention and control project from the cardinal principle of anchor.It is thought that anchor can increase t prospect is extensive. The paper introduces the characteristics of the new occlusion type anchor, and put forward the proposal of needle dam of transposition type.


Submicron lithography presents significant challenges to the fabrication of high‐density complex devices. Resolution, speed, critical dimension precision, variable design sets, and registration generally are conflicting goals for a lithography system. In this paper, we will present a new concept in electron or ion beam lithography with the potential to write far submicrometer patterns at speeds well beyond those of single beam systems currently available. This structure serves as a combined multiple aperture and beam deflection structure in a high‐speed multibeam raster scan writing system. The principle device structure to be discussed consists of an array of apertures micromachined into a portion of a silicon substrate with electrostatic deflection lines connected to each aperture. This structure is a key part of a lithography system with targeted 0.1‐μm‐pixel resolution. Apertures of 0.08 μm2 diameter with 10% dimensional control have been fabricated along with multiple multipole lenses using various m...


Virtual reality technology is playing a more and more important role in the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage, but there are still many open topics on how to combine the characteristics of different cultural heritage and adopt VR technology to solve the immersion problem of experience. This paper discusses the elements of immersion creation from the three levels of appearance, behavior and reflection, and designs the virtual museum of Jiaoshan Forest of Steles, and creates the immersive virtual experience of Jiaoshan Forest of Steles calligraphy art from three aspects of space, interaction and emotion. The completed Forest of Steles virtual museum can make the experiencers experience the environment of the Forest of Steles immersively, and interpret the calligraphy art in an all-round and in-depth way, which is of great significance to the dissemination of the Forest of Steles calligraphy art and the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage.


The article defines the vibration modulus, dynamic modulus of shear (g) and the coefficient of deadening (d) for cohesive soil. The vibration modulus was defined by investigations performed in situ, by measurements of the seismic wave speed through an elastic environment, in bore holes and along the profile, by laboratory tests, i.e. The resonant column tests (rct) using cyclic simple shear apparatus (cssa) and by making their comparison. It points to the fact that the vibration modulus for cohesive material should be defined in real conditions of the soil/foundation interaction during dynamic analysis of structures. (TRRL)


The article highlights the guiding principles which make the Conciliar Declaration Dignitatis Humanae so outstanding and prophetic in character. Initially, the article focuses on the development of the Church's doctrine from a position of "error has no rights" to one where elements of truth are recognised in other religions. The questions addressed include the foundational principles of religious freedom, its limitations, as well as the positive attitudes embraced in its exercise. The article touches upon the role of the initially "disinvited" John Courtney Murray (1904-1967) and the unique contribution of Pietro Pavan (1903-1994) to the Declaration, as well as the evaluation made upon it by Ladislas Örsy (b.1921) and Robert Drinan (1920-2007). With the publication of Dignitatis Humanae, the Church took a quantum leap which allowed it to gain a degree of credibility in the context of its new commitment to religious tolerance. This leap has to be seen in connection to Lumen Gentium 16 and Nostra Aetate 2. Finally, the lasting relevance of Dignitatis Humanae is understood in the light of the Council's focused and authentic attention to human needs within a socio-political context which continues to evolve from day to day.


This paper presents a mixed-integer linear programming model for demand-responsive feeder transit services to assign vehicles located at different depots to pick up passengers at the demand points and transport them to the rail station. The proposed model features passengers' one or several preferred time windows for boarding vehicles at the demand point and their expected ride time. Moreover, passenger satisfaction that was related only to expected ride time is fully accounted for in the model. The objective is to simultaneously minimize the operation costs of total mileage and maximize passenger satisfaction. As the problem is an extension of the nondeterministic polynomial problem with integration of the vehicle route problem, this study further develops an improved bat algorithm to yield meta-optimal solutions for the model in a reasonable amount of time. When this was applied to a case study in Nanjing City, China, the mileage and satisfaction of the proposed model were reduced by 1.4 km and increased by 7.1%, respectively, compared with the traditional model. Sensitivity analyses were also performed to investigate the impact of the number of designed bus routes and weights of objective functions on the model performance. Finally, a comparison of Cplex, standard bat algorithm, and group search optimizer is analyzed to verify the validity of the proposed algorithm.


The benzodiazepines are a group of drugs which have recently received considerable adverse publicity from within the media, much of which is undeserved. It is not unusual for drugs to produce these strong reactions from within both the professional and the general community. This paper examines the validity of the benzodiazepines in clinical practice and suggests rational guidelines for their continued use based on the clinical pharmacology of the compounds concerned.


Correspondence secondary schools or, more specifically, correspondence secondary schools with classes are playing an ever greater role in the system of education of the working population, along with the evening (shift) schools. They are becoming ever more popular with people who desire to complete their general education.


We will now turn our attention to classification. For example, given a medical sample from a patient, we want to decide from previous analysis and observations on other subjects (both patients and healthy controls) whether that patient has cancer or not. This time, each data item will have two components a data point (input) x ∈ R, and a 'label' y ∈ Y , where Y = {1, 2, . . . , c} is a label set. Each element of the label set represents a 'class', e.g. cancer (y = 1), non-cancer (y = 2). Sometimes, if there are only two classes, one is viewed as a 'positive' class (y = +1), the other as a 'negative' class (y = −1). In this case Y = {−1,+1}. Our data set will now have the form: D = {(x, y), (x, y), . . . , (x , y)}.


Briefly, the important clinical findings were as follows: A 10 year old white girl, acutely ill, febrile and showing disseminated skin purpura. There was no visceromegaly. The disease had apparently started 3 weeks before, with epistaxis and other purpuric manifestations. Laboratory findings showed severe anemia and thrombocytopenia with a leukocyte count of 3500 per cu. mm. The differential count showed marked neutropenia with 3 promyelocytes per cent. Two bone marrow aspirates yielded hypocellular specimens. No blasts were seen but 98 per cent of the cells were promyelocytes ( fig. 1 ) . Those cells showed characteristics of both myelocytes and promyelocytes and could be considered as intermediate between the two "stages." On the fourth day the WBC was 900 per cu. mm. Again blasts were not seen in the blood smear, but the promyelocytes had increased to 48 per cent. The bleeding manifestations had worsened, despite intravenously administered prednisolone, and the patient died on the fifth day of hospitalization. The necropsy findings were briefly as follows. Numerous hemorrhages and leukemic infiltrates were present in several viscerae. The bone marrow was hypercellular and showed a predominance of two cell types, which were tentatively classified as myelocytes and, probably, myeloblasts.


A project to document the insect species in the upper reaches of Upper Three Runs at the Savannah River site was recently completed. This research was supported by the US Department of Energy under the National Environmental Research Park Program. The work was performed by the Department of Entomology at Clemson University in clemson, SC, by John C. Morse (principal investigator), William R. English and their colleagues. The major output from this study was the dissertation of Dr. William R. English entitled ``Ecosystem Dynamics of a South Carolina Sandhills Stream.`` He investigated selected environmental resources and determined their dynamics and the dynamics of the aquatic invertebrate community structure in response to them.


ABSTRACT This study explored the roles of medical social workers in interprofessional teams based on the case of a Shanghai COVID-19 quarantine centre for medical observation. In the quarantine centre, a medical social worker transitioned from role exploration to role construction. To play professional roles in the team, it is necessary for social workers to create a supportive working environment, identify service gaps, promote interprofessional cooperation and construct new roles gradually. The empirical experience of this social worker can inform interprofessional team-building efforts for other countries and regions facing pandemic crises.


A project initiated by Gulf Oil to adapt HF radar (called CODAR) for use from offshore platforms is approximately half completed. This compact remote-sensing system measures the waveheight directional spectrum, surface-current vectors, and surface-wind vectors around the platform, to a distance of about 50km. Final data products will be available on the platform in real time, for display and archival. The system can be operated from either fixed bases (platforms, gravel islands) or movable bases (semi-submersibles, drill ships). Coastally measured wave and current data from this system at ARSLOE are compared with other information to establish the feasibility and accuracy of the technique.


Abstract This study uses quantitative methods to compare and contrast the beliefs and attitudes of weekly and infrequent churchgoers in the English countryside, using the data provided by 326 occasional and 775 frequent churchgoers drawn from a sample of 1,454 respondents to a survey conducted in 27 rural parish churches in Worcestershire in autumn 2007. Four main areas are explored: believing in God and the Bible; believing in Christianity; religious identity; worship preferences. Whilst occasional churchgoers are found to sit more loosely to formulations of Christian affiliation, both groups are equally strongly attracted by traditional language and hymns. Two further characteristics are identified which unite them: a clear preference for building on traditional concepts and formulations of faith as opposed to finding new ones; a reluctance to affirm absolute truth claims and demands. In each case this is more pronounced among occasional churchgoers. Some practical suggestions for church mission and ministry are made. The paper concludes that the rural church can and should work with the flow of contemporary culture in order to engage effectively with its parishioners.


The invention discloses a simulator for researching a hydraulic fracturing effect, comprising a simulating chamber, wherein a propping agent filling layer is located in the center of the simulating chamber; the upside and the downside of the propping agent filling layer are clamped by drill core plates; a rubber sleeve is sleeved at the periphery of the drill core plates; the other surfaces of the upper and lower drill core plates are in contact with an upper piston, a lower piston and a square sealing ring which is sleeved on the upper piston and the lower piston; three groups of upper filtrate outlets/oil gas inlets are arranged in the upper piston; three groups of lower filtrate outlets/oil gas inlets are also arranged in the lower piston; inlet and outlet testing holes are arranged at the left and right sides of the simulating chamber; a differential pressure outlet port is arranged in the front of the simulating chamber; the differential pressure outlet port just faces towards the center of the front part of the propping agent filling layer; and a heating long hole and a temperature measuring hole are also arranged on the simulating chamber. The simulator for researching the hydraulic fracturing effect can simultaneously simulate fracturing cracks in hydraulic fracturing, stratigraphic rock, fracturing fluid loss, pollution of fracturing fluid to propping cracks and stratums, petroleum or natural gas and carriers of the petroleum or the natural gas flowing through polluted areas and the propping cracks, and can be used for analyzing and researching the hydraulic fracturing effect.


called the chimney-sweeper's cancer. Mr. Ruff of Nottingham, who was himself a master sweep, gives the following testimony on this point:"No one lknows the cruelty which a boy has to undergo in learninjg. The flesh must be harderned. This is done by rubbing it chiefly on the elbows and knees with the strongest brine, close by a hot fire. You must stand over them with a cane, or coax them with the pro. mise of a halfpenny, etc., if they will stand a few more rubs. At first they will come back tfrom their work with their arms and k-nees streaming with blood; then they must be rubbed with brine again." Another master sweep, Mr. Stansfield, says "In learning a child, you must use violence that I shudder to think of." " These poor children are bought, sold, and leased by their parents eland guardians." " They are as completely slaves" (says Mr. Ellis, a ma-istrate of Leicester," as any negro children in South Carolinia." Another master chimney-sweep says " I lhave hired a lad for ;I a-year; and I have bought lads myself, giving the parents so much a year further." Great efforts have been made in Scotland to suppress this system, and have been successful. Such is a portion of the work which, as Lord Shaftesbury says, is cut out for the next Parliament.


Molecular formula C23H26N5NaO7S CAS Number 59703-84-3 PubChem identifier 23666879 Storage instructions Store at Room Temperature. The product can be stored for up to 12 months. Solubility overview Soluble in water and in ethanol Handling Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20°C. Generally, these will be useable for up to one month. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour. Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please visit our frequently asked questions (FAQ) page for more details. SMILES CCN1CCN(C(=O)C1=O)C(=O)NC(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)NC3C4N(C3=O)C(C(S4) (C)C)C(=O)[O-].[Na+] Source Synthetic Product datasheet


This study examines whether the speaker's state during active listening can be estimated using sensors. Few studies work on active listening, where the elderly get refreshed through their talking. This study extracts important features from the data obtained from the accelerometer and tension sensors measuring the speaker's body movement during active listening utilizing tips to promote talking. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, an experiment is conducted. New findings on listening were obtained. The delay of the body movements is clarified for each kind of tips. The transition of the speaker's state was found to be characterized by the speaker's body movement which appears after the transition. The data obtained from the tension sensor turns out to be the most important explanatory variable.


Based on experimental data obtained from triaxial tests and a hydrostatic test, a cup model was formulated. Two plastic mechanisms, respectively a deviatoric shearing and a pore collapse, are taken into account. This model also considers the influence of confining pressure. In this paper, the calibration of the model is detailed and numerical simulations of the main mechanical behavior of cement paste over a large range of stress are described, showing good agreement with experimental results. The case study shows that this cup model has extensive applicability for cement-based materials and other quasi-brittle and high-porosity materials in a complex stress state.


The CMS experiment will be installed on the LHC ring. The accelerator will provide pp collisions at the center of mass energy of 14 TeV with a design luminosity of 1034 cm-2 s-1 and a bunch crossing frequency of 40 MHz. These characteristics lead to a challenging design of the detectors, in particular of the tracker which will have to cope with ~2000 charged tracks per event and a hadron flux up to 1014 cm-2 y-1 close to the interaction point. Moreover the CMS tracker shall endure 10 years of operation, with little or no chance for maintenance after LHC start-up. It is therefore important not only to verify accurately the quality of the components during the production, but also to monitor step by step the assembly of modules and of the other devices that constitute the final detector. The "integration" procedure used to assemble and test the innermost region of the detector (modules, electronics and services, mechanics...) is described in detail and the noise performances of the modules mounted on the assembled layers is shown.


http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/03/17/0363546514526139 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/0363546514526139 published online March 18, 2014 Am J Sports Med Björn Barenius, Sari Ponzer, Adel Shalabi, Robert Bujak, Louise Norlén and Karl Eriksson Follow-up Study of a Randomized Controlled Trial Increased Risk of Osteoarthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A 14-Year


Abstract We discuss the inspection of large-sized, spherical mirror tiles by 'Phase Measuring Deflectometry' (PMD). About 10 000 of such mirror tiles, each satisfying strict requirements regarding the spatial extent of the point-spread-function (PSF), are planned to be installed on the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), a future ground-based instrument to observe the sky in very high energy gamma-rays. Owing to their large radii of curvature of up to 60 m, a direct PSF measurement of these mirrors with concentric geometry requires large space. We present a PMD sensor with a footprint of only 5×2×1.2 m3 that overcomes this limitation. The sensor intrinsically acquires the surface slope; the shape data are calculated by integration. In this way, the PSF can be calculated for real case scenarios, e.g., when the light source is close to infinity and off-axis. The major challenge is the calibration of the PMD sensor, specifically because the PSF data have to be reconstructed from different camera views. The calibration of the setup is described, and measurements presented and compared to results obtained with the direct approach.


The development of advanced material requires much more than purely technical knowledge. This paper presents a socio-technical analysis of industrial capability issues for composites material product. The central idea behind this work is to provide a framework to identify and examine important growth drivers in composites. Composites are engineered materials, made from a combination of constituent materials with different properties, and find applications in a variety of business sectors and contribute towards a sustainable economy. The main goal of this paper is to shed some light on how the composites industry could accelerate production rates, meet demands for sophisticated products in high volumes and reach advanced levels of industrialisation.


Fishing is an economic activity that is intrinsically dependent on the productivity of the marine environment. Maintaining fishing resources at levels that can sustain the fishing activity requires setting long-term goals that may sometimes not be compatible with the short-term interests of the fishing industry, and political and economic factors. In the EU, the course of the fishing sector is not only influenced by the evolution of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), and its reforms, but also by market conditions, availability of fish in EU waters, and accessibility to non-EU waters. These factors impose challenges for EU policy-makers. KEY FINDINGS


Five cases of Coxsackie A9 virus infections with exanthems are described. Three of these are of particular interest because urticarial lesions were present; vesicular eruptions were noted in two of these cases.


The modern world is largely encompassed with transportation management system as the world aspires newer and wider products and the business fulfils their aspirations with the assistance of effective transportation management system. The present research explicates some of the important functions performed by transportation management system. The research is carried out on small scale firms operating in District Udhampur of J & K State. The empirical analysis of the research is done on the basis of primary data gathered from small scale firms' managers. The variables/functions taken into consideration for the research purpose are: "Transportation cost and service quality", "Routing and mapping", "Carrier selection and management", and "Real time Tracking". The results of the ranking table exposed that the variable "Routing and mapping" secured first rank, "Transportation cost and service quality" achieved rank second. Third rank is secured by the variable "Carrier selection and management" and "Real time Tracking" gained fourth rank. Further, the results of the linear hierarchal regression revealed that transportation management system ensures proper routing and mapping of the stock in small scale firms.


This interdisciplinary volume seeks to trace the diverse ways in which stories of biblical women have been reimagined in and as comic books. Feminist biblical scholarship has previously addressed the tradition that relegates female biblical characters to secondary roles, merely enabling the male characters to attain their own goals. Using examples from both secular and religious comic Bibles, and comic Bibles aimed at children and older audiences, Zanne Domoney-Lyttle now fully considers contemporary remediations of biblical narratives to the same degree.
 Remediating ancient, biblical text into modern, graphical comic books affects the reception of the text in several ways. This book aims to investigate how the production, format and function of comic Bibles encourages the depiction of biblical characters from a contemporary perspective, while also showing some fidelity to the text. By presenting a focused analysis on women in the Bible, wider issues concerning popular-cultural retellings of the Bible in general begin to surface, including matters concerning reception history, the space between art and literature inhabited by biblical comics, and issues of translation and interpretations within contemporary remediations


This work deals with the phytogeographical affinities of the fIora of North-east Rajasthan. The area of study is Alwar district. It has been suggested that the fIora of Rajasthan is Perso-Arabic in origin and that Rajasthan is probably a peninsular area. The statistical data do not support Drude's view.


The present article has as a central theme the question of the wild consumption between Brazilians' teenagers and children. The media, mainly the televising one, is used as an instrument of incentive to the inadequate consumption. Various reasons have taken the children to be periods drawn out in front of the television, passing the time or running away from the violence of the great cities, among others; increasing the exposition of the young to the appeals for consumption. Recent studies point out that the media comes investing in the public of children as an excellent market of consumers. Giving the new configurations of the social question, it is instigated, in this essay the discussion about the commitment of the young displayed to the consumption's enhancement, as form to get pleasure, and the consequences of this influence on the children, whose structure is still in the process of formation.


With rising costs of drug testing and more stringent requirements, Western countries have been increasingly outsourcing their drug trials. While such actions make sense from a cost-benefit point of view, can we conclude the same from a marketing-ethics perspective? Are these lesser-developed countries being held to the same ethical standards and practices as expected in the Western countries? Are the drug companies' actions somehow influencing the research participants' decision to partake in such trials? The author applies the theory of reasoned action and ethical marketing underpinnings to develop relevant propositions. Consequently, drug testing companies, research participants, and marketing agencies can utilize these propositions to investigate whether more rigorous oversight is required to protect research participants.


To face the increased network traffic in the cloud, data center operators have started adopting an heterogeneous approach in their infrastructures. Heterogeneous infrastructures, e.g. based on FPGAs, can provide higher performance and better energy-efficiency compared to the contemporary processors. However, FPGAs lack of an easy-to-use framework for the efficient deployment from high-level programming frameworks. In this paper, we present a novel framework that allows the seamless integration of FPGAs from high-level programming languages, like Java and Scala. The proposed approach provides all the required APIs for the utilization of FPGAs from these languages. The proposed scheme has been mapped on Amazon AWS f1 infrastructure and a performance evaluation is presented for two widely used machine learning algorithms.


So far there exist deficiencies on monitoring methods of structures' stiffness among bridges' health monitoring. This paper introduces viscoelastic beams with nonlinear stiffness, explains physical nonlinear factors of beams through the sum of linear and cubic terms, and thus establishes a dynamic model of the viscoelastic beam with nonlinear stiffness under forced vibration. When the numerical simulation methods are applied, it studies systems of the bridge on nonlinear dynamic behaviors resulting from the variation of stiffness. The results prove that the bigger the coefficient of nonlinear stiffness is, the stronger the sensitivity of the beam's vibration against the initial conditions is. Since the beginning of periodic motion of the beam's vibration, there gradually appears quasi periodicity and period doubling bifurcation, then chaotic motion at last. The stronger the nonlinearity of the viscoelastic beam with nonlinear stiffness is, the stronger the sensitivity of the vibration against the initial ...


The current approach to assessing chemical durability of waste glasses focuses on a suite of short-term laboratory tests such as dynamic single-pass flow-through (SPFT) tests, static product consistency tests (PCT), and vapor hydration tests. The behavior of the glasses in the three types of tests is quite different, but each test provides insight into the glass corrosion process. The PCT data showed that at constant alumina, silica, and sodium levels the glass durability order for different glass systems is: Boron-series > Boron-Calcium-series > Calcium-series, while the opposite order is observed in SPFT tests. The order for vapor hydration tests is similar to that observed in the PCT tests. The PCT results are consistent with the current understanding of glass structure and are consistent with vapor hydration tests. The SPFT results can be explained using arguments based on solution chemistry.


This study aims to determine the effect of marketing mix consisting of product, price, promotion, place, people, process, physical evidence against the decision of consumers to buy services superior rooms at Hotel Santika Pontianak. Descriptive method used in this study, with data obtained through observation, interviews, and questionnaires to all consumers who ever bought a superior room service at Hotel Santika Pontianak. Sample of 100 people were selected using purposive sampling technique taken from consumers who ever bought a superior room service. Variables used in this research consisted of independent variables and the dependent variable, independent variable used consists of the product (X1), price (X2), promotion (X3), where (X4), people (X5), process (X6), and evidence physical (X7). The analysis technique used is quantitative analysis of regression. The results of this study indicate that the marketing mix consisting of product, price, promotion, place, people, process, physical evidence simultaneously significantly influence the consumer's decision to buy services of superior rooms at Hotel Santika Pontianak, whereas only a partial and processes influence the consumer's decision to buy services. Factor of product, price, promotion, place, people, process, physical evidence influence the consumer's decision to buy services of superior rooms at Hotel Santika Pontianak by 44.3% while the remaining 55.7% is influenced by other factors outside of this research


Objective To establish the acute alcoholic liver injury model and apply in evaluation for health care foods. Methods Mice were randomized divided into five groups (4 dosage groups and one control group) and given 50%v alcohol. The four dosage groups were executed after fasting 6,8,10,12 hours respectively. Liver samples were observed pathologically with frost slice techniques and Sudan Ⅲ staining. The evaluation of liver function protection effects followed the national standard (2003). Results The pathological change of the test groups was fatty degeneration, fasting 12 hours group were remarkably different from the control group (P0.01). The fatty degeneration grades and the mean ranks of these two groups were 22 and 12, and 27.5 and 9.79 respectively. The samples tested had certain liver protection function using this model. The fatty degeneration grade in every group was less than the positive control (P0.05). MDA contents decreased significantly in low and high dosage groups (P0.05). GSH-PX contents in all test groups were increased significantly (P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusion Mice acute liver injury model can be developed by given one dose of 50%v alcohol and fasted for 12 hours and can be applied in evaluating the liver protection of health care foods.


The Lower Paleozoic stiatigraphic sequen ce cropping out immediately to the north of Ayaviri (Peruvian
Altiplano) belongs to the Eastern Cordillera tectonostratigraphic domain, and inc/udes the Sandia, San
Gaban and Ananea formations. G/acially-striated and faceted c/asts found within the diamictites of the
San Gaban Formation provide the first evidence for the late Ashgill-Llandovery glaciation in the Peruvian
Altiplano, an area where this unit was previously considered not to be deposited. The marked difference
between the Lower Paleozoic sequen ces of the Altiplano and Eastern Cordillera tectonostratigraphic domains
suggests important tectonic shortening along the boundary fault zone.


Describing the fundamental mode of mechanical derusting,and contrasting relative merits of descaler.According to elastic-plastic deformation process of steel wire while it was being mechanical derusting,deduced the calculating formulas of foce and roll pressure,and aslo studied the influence of angle change on drawing force and designed the cutters disposal structure of descaler.


In this paper, the relationships between code-share networks and performances in airline industry were analyzed by using Social Network Analysis (SNA). We first analyzed the schedule data from OAG (Official Airline Guide) to obtain core-share information of airline industries. SNA was, then, applied to the code-share information. Finally, statistical analysis was conducted to analyze the relationships between code-share social networks and performances. The result shows that the size and out-degree centrality have relatively significant effects on the performance of airline industries, while in-degree and betweenness centrality has less significant effects.


This paper shows a detailed study to investigate the Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) method to improve the product design process. Through the applied DFMA, the production cost of manufacturing and assembly can be reduced as well as improving the efficiency of the product.
Amongst the methods that widely been used in the industry for the product design improvement, the most efficient and reliable way must be identified. A product with many part count numbers will effect the product designing process. This problem commonly occurs in assembly line as the rises of number of tasks, task times as well as cycle times which then affects the production cost. Due to that, the product takes more steps before entering the market. The main objective of this project is to reduce part count number in the existing product design by using DFMA method. This
project will compare the product design by using DFMA techniques namely Boothroyd Dewhurst (BD. The approach is by using the software of Boothroyd Dewhurts. Other than that, CAD software has been used for the proposed new
design. The CAD drafting tool used is CATIA as it represents the visual of part design in solid view as well as the material applying and mechanical properties of
each part drawn. The result of this project can be used and applied in industry in order to improve their design effectiveness.


The development of high level talents is indispensable to introducing talents.However,how to enhance its managerial level and bring its long effectiveness is a difficult problem in management.The extent literature shows that payment design is one of the most effective stimulation to intellectual employees."Averageness" is still prevailing in payment design among all the high institutions and focusing on short term stimulation.Therefore,the paper comes up with a new payment design model to enhance the long effectiveness of talents introduction.


Flow linear dichroic studies have been conducted on phage T4B in its fast and slow forms. The behavior of the phages is well represented by an equivalent ellipsoid model using the Peterlin‐Stuart theory. The measurements permit the evaluation of the optical factor of the DNA in the phage and the rotary diffusion coefficient of the phage particle. Both these quantities change during the slow–fast conversion. The rotary diffusion results are in good agreement with those obtained by other workers with other methods. The optical factor is negative, indicating a net alignment of DNA helices parallel to the phage axis. The results exclude certain simplified models for the packaged DNA but do not lead to a unique structural conclusion. The flow dichroism experiment and its interpretation are described, and a simple method of calculating optical factors for complicated but cylindrically symmetric structures is presented.


Last December. we mentioned Hermann !nege19 s ~esearch program at the University of Borth Dakota as representing one of the few integrated long-range programS in the count17. With real anticipation we looked forward to studying write-ups of this work. The first article in a series integrating DlUsic technique and motor skills concepts appears in this issue of the lxehange. We found the point of view an interesting one, the ideas stimulating, and would like to call special attention to the article.


One approach to Michelson spatial interferometry at optical wavelengths involves use of an array of spacecraft in which two widely-separated telescopes collect light from a star and direct it to a third, centrally-located, device which combines the beams in order to detect and measure interference fringes. The original version of a spacecraft array for Michelson spatial interferometry (SAMSI) was modified so that the system uses the fuel resupply capability of a space station. The combination of this fuel resupply capability with a method of obtaining image Fourier transform phase information, necessary for full image reconstruction, permits SAMSI to be used to synthesize images equivalent to those produced by huge apertures in space. Synthesis of apertures in the 100 to 500 meter range is discussed. Reconstruction can be performed to a visual magnitude of at least 8 for a 100 A passband in 9 hours. Data are simultaneously collected for image generation from 0.1 micron to 18 microns. In the one-dimensional mode, measurements can be made every 90 minutes (including acquisition and repointing time) for objects as faint as 19th magnitude in the visible.


Significance The molecular basis of how the BEN domain–containing gene family regulates chromatin function and transcription remains to be elucidated. We report that BEND3 is highly expressed in pluripotent cells and binds to promoters of genes involved in differentiation. BEND3 regulates the expression of differentiation-associated genes by modulating the chromatin architecture at promoters. We propose that transcription repression mediated by BEND3 is essential for normal development and maintenance of pluripotency.


The Center for Inquiry in Science Teaching and Learning (CISTL) is funded by the National Science Foundation to develop innovative collaborations between institutions of higher education, informal science institutions, and local school districts in the St. Louis, Missouri, area. Together, the partners are developing programs intended to build teachers' skills and boost student achievement from early childhood through high school. In this session, you will see how GIS is being used to analyze relevant demographic, economic, and public health data, and how this data is being linked to student achievement data to better inform project partners' efforts and to provide useful information to guide school reform efforts. The St. Louis Center for Inquiry in Science Teaching and Learning (CISTL) is an effort funded by the National Science Foundation to improve the quality of science education in five participating school districts through better collaboration among various educational and cultural institutions in the area. Collectively, the program involves the five school districts, two universities and a multi-campus community college, and three informal science institutions. In June 2004, several members of the CISTL team attended a meeting at the Chicago Consortium, with the goal of exploring ways in which demographic and geospatial data could be used to inform program decision making and to contribute to evaluation efforts. As a result of that meeting and other conversations prior to and subsequent to that meeting, the CISTL leadership initiated support for the development of the first phase of a database of relevant demographic factors and assessment results. Knowledge of this data is expected to contribute to the larger CISTL goals of improving the quality of science education afforded to students in the St. Louis region. This paper describes the data tools being used and illustrates samples of baseline demographic analysis that can be conducted at the district level and school levels. In the second half of 2005, relevant demographic factors will be linked to student achievement data and teacher background data, supporting analysis at the both the district and school level. Unless otherwise restricted by the providers or necessitated for reasons of confidentiality, all of this data will be made available to researchers in standard quantitative and geospatial formats to facilitate further investigation. Data Preparation Methodology The major source of demographic data in this analysis is the CommunityInfo for Education product from ESRI. This DVD contains 1008 variables derived from the United States Census Bureau and other sources. This data is then aggregated at different levels of Census geography: Block Groups, Zip Codes, Core Based Statistical Areas, Census Tract, and State. For this analysis, the Block Group was chosen as being sufficiently fine-scale in geographic extent to


According to one exemplary embodiment, a light communication system comprises a transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus. The transmitting apparatus generates one or more patterns of light to decide at least one reference area, and transmits signals by emitting light in the at least one reference area decided by the one or more patterns. The receiving apparatus takes measurements fewer than a total amount of pixels over a sensed image to detect the one or more patterns of light, and decides at least one region of interest according to one or more detected one or more patterns; then takes all signals of light in the at least one region of interest for processing of the light communication, and takes measurements fewer than a total amount of pixels over at least one tracking area to track the one or more patterns of light emitted by the transmitting apparatus.


Pre- harvest sprouting in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds belonging to subspeciesjastigiara (Spanish
bunch) is undes irabl e. Since it leads to in vitro germination resulting in substantial loss of seeds, both in
quantity and quality. A short peri od of dormancy is therefore des irable in the sub-species to reduce such
losses. Evaluati on of fresh seed dormancy was conducted for two seasons to determine the intensity and
duration of dormancy in recombinant inbred population with 268 RILs developed from crosses involving
moderately dormant (GPBD-4) and non-dormant (TAG-24) parents. The intensity of dormancy ranged from
o to 100% in summer season while 0 to 90% in kharifseason. There was large vatiation in the intensity of
dormancy whi ch could be related to genetic di fferences between the entries tested. RIL nos. 165, 259, 160,
172,209,254,2 13,247, and 248 recorded very high values (> 70 %) of intensity of dormancy in both the
seasons. The vari ation for dormancy in terms of duration as revealed by germination of 70% (G 70
estimates) was subsequently large as compared to the intensity of dormancy among the RILs. The RIL nos.
5, 40, 84, 165, 183,209,2 13, 248, 254,259 and 265 were found to have more than two weeks of dormancy
(based on G70 count) in both the seasons. These dormant lines can be utilized in breeding for fresh seed
dormancy under Spani sh background.


The source,content and constructive aim of electromechanical integration compositive experiment and training project were introduced.Furthermore,the application of PROFIBUS in automated assembly teaching production line system was summarized.The demand of electromechanical integration compositive experiment in high vocational colleges and the design of training plan were defined.The components of automated assembly teaching production line,schedule and PLC control and the application based on PROFIBUS were also introduced.


Even though, since the 1970s,Auschwitz has eclipsed Dachau as the most widely recognized symbol of Nazi atrocities, the Dachau concentration camp museum remains by far the most visited original site associated with Nazi Germany. With the annual number of visitors rising from ca. 100,000 in the early 1950s to peak at just under 1 million in the late 1980s, the Dachau memorial site museum ranks among the top five most-visited museums in Germany. With foreign tourists consistently comprising well over 50% of those visitors, state and local officials have long been concerned about the impressions visitors gain at the site.As this chapter will show, their attempts to shape visitors' experiences by reshaping the site were misguided more often than they were successful. From the early 1950s until the mid-1980s the Dachau site was repeatedly sanitized of authentic historical substance, but those reductions proved ineffectual in modifying visitors' preconceptions and expectations. As the site once again undergoes extensive modification at the turn of the millennium, the redesigners' failure to consider their predominantly young audiences' relationships to the historical events appears to be leading to yet another ineffectual, top-down form for the memorial site.


By necessity this report in a number of respects is identical to one that had to be submitted to the National Research Council on April 15, 1945, but it is appropriate to be repeated here, for the initial conception of the Committee and its potential function were formulated at the last Annual Meeting of the Section of Volcanology, when a symposium was presented on the activity of Parfcutin. The retiring officers then recommended to WILLIAM W. RUBEY, the Chairman of the Division of Geology and Geography of the National Research Council, that a Committee should be formed to integrate, facilitate, and stimulate the study of the eruption and its effect in various fields of science before the record was lost. As the newly elected President of the Section, RICHARD E. FULLER accepted the responsibility of serving as Chairman.


This chapter discusses the contribution of Articles 43 TEU and 215 TFEU to the European Union's fight against terrorism. Three propositions are put forward about these two provisions: First, they formally confer new CFSP competences on the EU to combat terrorism. Secondly they contribute to the increasingly hybrid character of EU counterterrorism. Thirdly, they establish competences that are potentially more constraining on EU institutions and Member States and more constrained in their exercise than pre-Lisbon CFSP competences, given the increased integration of the old 'second pillar' with the EU constitutional order. Introduced into EU primary law by the Treaty of Lisbon, Article 43 TEU establishes an express competence to combat terrorism through the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), whereas Article 215 TFEU confers a competence on the Union to adopt sanctions against non-state organisations and individuals, implicitly on the grounds of their association with terrorism. Keywords: Article 215 TFEU; Articles 43 TEU; CFSP; combat terrorism; counter terrorism; CSDP; EU institutions; EU primary law; European Union's fight against terrorism; Pre-Lisbon CFSP competences


The volume claims, however, to be "a synthetic portrayal of the outward thrust of a colonizing state," and here the author hardly lives up to his preface. The book lacks unity of structure and arrangement. There is little to indicate that we are following the dramatic stow of the rise and fall of a great oversea empire. The story is followed too much as a colonial stow, colony by colony, not enough as a phase or series of phases in the histow of France from the New Monarchy of the Renaissance to the New Empire of Napoleon. There is too little attention to broad issues, above all the decisive one between aims of continental and colonial expansion. The most valuable chapter in the book, owing much to Saintoyant, is that on the colonial work of the old regime in general. Yet even here there is a lack of appreciation of the broad issues. To conclude that "Probably the chief reasons for slight interest in colonization was the lack of great coal and iron deposits to urge colonization and the absence of a great maritime tradition," is neither true nor just, and in any case quite inadequate. There is too little consideration of such factors as sea power (Mahan's works are not mentioned), of the relations of finance to expansion, of the relationship between domestic and colonial trade. There are some omissions and errors. There is practically no reference to early French fishing activities off the coast of Canada, no reference to Raynal's work, to Innis's collection of economic documents. Voltaire's Candide is an inadequate reference for the fall of Canada, indeed the references to British sources are inadequate throughout. To say (p. 26) that France won "acknowledged national unity" after the Hundred Years' War is as much an overstatement as to say (p. 148) that Louis xIv "kept up a vivid interest in Canada." The French work of exploration in North America is under-estimated (p. 300); education in New France was not (p. 151) "markedly absent"; the Mogul Empire did not reach its apogee after Aurungzeb (p. 170). To say (p. 70) that "Frenchmen displayed an inborn prejudice against commerce" is absurd. Saint-Sauveur and Duchesneau are wrongly spelled; Turgot is confused in the index with his brother. The style is at times crabbed and confused, with a lack of that clarity characteristic of the French. R. FLENLEY