The mid-Pliocene is a valuable time interval for understanding the mechanisms that determine equilibrium 16 climate at current atmospheric CO2 concentrations. One intriguing, but not fully understood, feature of the early to 17 mid-Pliocene climate is the amplified arctic temperature response. Current models underestimate the degree of 18 warming in the Pliocene Arctic and validation of proposed feedbacks is limited by scarce terrestrial records of climate 19 and environment, as well as discrepancies in current CO2 proxy reconstructions. Here we reconstruct the CO2, summer 20 temperature and fire regime from a sub-fossil fen-peat deposit on west-central Ellesmere Island, Canada, that has been 21 chronologically constrained using radionuclide dating to 3.9 +1.5/-0.5 Ma. 22 An empirical transfer function was derived and applied to carbon isotopic measurements of paleo mosses to yield 23 an estimate of Pliocene mean atmospheric CO2 concentrations of 410 ± 50 ppm, which are slightly lower than 24 theoretical model predictions of 510 ppm. The estimate for average mean summer temperature is 15.4±0.8°C using 25 specific bacterial membrane lipids, i.e. branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers. Macro-charcoal was present in 26 all samples from this Pliocene section with notably higher charcoal concentration in the upper part of the sequence. 27 This change in charcoal was synchronous with a change in vegetation that saw fire promoting taxa increase in 28 abundance. Paleovegetation reconstructions are consistent with warm summer temperatures, relatively low summer 29 precipitation and an incidence of fire comparable to fire adapted boreal forests of North America, or potentially central 30 Siberia. 31 To our knowledge, this study represents the northern-most evidence of fire during the Pliocene and highlights the 32 important role of forest fire in the ecology and climatic processes of the Pliocene High Arctic. The results provide 33 evidence that terrestrial fossil localities in the Pliocene High Arctic were probably formed during warm intervals that 34 coincided with relatively high CO2 concentrations that supported productive biotic communities. This study indicates 35 that interactions between paleovegetation and paleoclimate were mediated by fire in the High Arctic during the 36 Pliocene, even though CO2 concentrations were similar to modern. 37


Diphosphines Ph2P[CH2]nPPh2(n= 1–4) form novel trans-carbonyl complexes of IrI of stoicheiometry[{Ir(CO)Cl(diphosphine)}m] in which the diphosphine (n= 1,3, or 4) bridges the metal atoms. Contrary to a previous postulate, the complex of Ph2P[CH2]2PPh2 is [Ir(CO){Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2}2][Ir(CO)2Cl2]. The diphosphine complexes of PdII and PtII, some of which are described for the first time, are each of cis geometry. In each case Ph2P[CH2]2PPh2 chelates the metal and the complex is mononuclear, but Ph2P[CH2]4PPh2 bridges metal atoms of trinuclesr complexes. The diphosphine Ph2P[CH2]3PPh2 chelates PdII but forms a bridaed complex of PtII. Bridging by a diphosphine ligand occurs when the angle PMP which would be sub-tended by a chelating ligand exceeds 90°.


Deprenyl selectively inhibits the B form of monoamine oxidase (MAO) (Christmas et al 1972; Knoll & Magyar 1972) and evokes in animals an acute central nervous excitant effect similar to that of amphetamine (Knoll et al 1965; Braestrup et al 1975). Both methamphetamine and amphetamine are present in the urine of normal human males receiving 5-10 mg of (-)-deprenyl daily (Reynolds et al 1978a), while amphetamine has been found post mortem in the brains of similarly treated Parkinson patients (Reynolds et a1 1978b, 1979). The experiments described here confirm the presence of amphetamine in the brain and urine of mice treated with relatively low doses of either (-)or (+)-deprenyl. The brain concentration and urinary excretion of phenethylamine (PE) were also measured to assess the M A 0 inhibitory effects of the doses of deprenyl administered.


Heat transfer calculations for a thermocouple circuit functioning as a Peltier cooler have been carried out. The calculations depend upon the exact solution of a one‐dimensional time‐dependent heat equation. It is shown that for an unloaded couple the temperature at the cold junction will be less than or equal to the reference junction temperature only for currents in the range from zero to twice the optimum current (i.e., the current that produces the minimum cold junction temperature). The temperature at the cold junction has been investigated as a function of time, and shown to approach the steady‐state values appropriate to any particular multiple of the optimum current at that point with increasing time. It has been shown that one cannot produce a transient thermal spike at the cold junction which is greater in magnitude than the steady‐state temperature for the optimum current by initially applying currents greater than the optimum. The possibility of achieving such thermal spikes by superposing a c...


Introduction: Measurement of static pupillary size in the ICU is of importance in cases of acutely expanding intracranial mass lesions. The inaccuracies with subjective assessment of pupillary size by medical personnel preclude its use in emergent neurological situations. Objective: To determine if the ratio of pupil to limbus diameter (PLD ratio) measured by a two-box method is a reliable measure of pupil size for detecting early anisocoria and measuring pupillary changes. Materials and Methods: The PLD ratio was defined as the ratio of the pupillary diameter measured at a para-horizontal axial plane with the limbus diameter measured at the same or parallel axial plane. A two-box method was used to estimate the diameters of imaged pupils. Eyes were imaged using an iPhone 4S cellphone camera. Background illumination was measured and kept constant. The pupils of a 78-year-old woman, who presented with a large intra-axial parenchymal hemorrhage, were imaged. The patient had left pupillary miosis in dark but not in bright light. After presenting this case along with the images of the pupillary examination, a group of 21 medical staff were asked several questions on the pupillary examination. Reliability of PLD ratio were assessed via standard error of mean (S.E.M) of PLD ratios for 3 different subjects each imaged under constant illumination and fixation but from different angles to the optical axis. Results: Analysis of questionnaire data together with PLD ratios revealed that ~ 14% and 10% of participants could estimate the pupillary size in darkness and bright light respectively but none were simultaneously accurate indicating that subjective assessment of pupillary size was unreliable. The approach towards a systematic pupillary examination was inconsistent among the participants. The PLD ratio was found to be a reliable measure of pupillary size with standard error of mean below 0.1 mm for the three subjects tested. Conclusion: Static pupillary sizes can be objectively and consistently evaluated using PLD ratios using a two-box method. PLD ratios are resistant, within limits, to changes in imaging angle or choice of para-horizontal axes for measurement.


Purpose: This methodological study was conducted to test the reliability and validity of an instrument that measures attitudes of advance directives (ADs) among nurses. Methods: 1) Sixteen items related to attitudes in the English version of the Knowledge, Attitudinal, and Experiential Survey on Advance Directives (KAESAD) were forward/backward translated into Korean. 2) The content was validated by an expert panel (three nursing professors and eight hospice nursing specialists). 3) The preliminary 12 items were selected as a tool to assess the Korean version of Nurses' Attitudes towards Advance Directives (NAADK). 4) The instrument was validated by a survey (n=216). 5) It was confirmed to use the 12 items for the final version of the instrument. Results: NAAD-K was shown to be valid in terms of factors, items and content. The three factors extracted from the factor analysis were named as follows: Caring for patients with an AD (factor 1), nurses' role in informing patients (factor 2) and patient right (factor 3). The three factors explained total variance 57.796%. Factor loadings of the 12 items ranged from 0.47 to 0.93. For the 12 items, Cronbach's alpha was 0.81, and Guttman split-half coefficient was 0.78. Conclusion: This instrument was identified to be applicable with satisfactory reliability and validity for further use in measuring nurses' attitudes towards ADs in hospice and palliative care.


Poverty is particularly prominent in China. Seeking effective measures to alleviate poverty is a major problem faced in China. Tourism has played a significant role in promoting regional economic and social development. As a new pattern, tourism poverty alleviation has been widely applied in many regions of China. Taking Xiling Snow Mountain in Sichuan as an example, this paper discusses influence of tourism development on rural poverty alleviation in surrounding rural areas. First, to obtain relevant data through investigation, analysis impact of Xiling Snow Mountain development on Xiling town farmers out of poverty; Second, from the perspective of tourism economic influence area, evaluate influence of Xiling Snow Mountain development on poverty alleviation in Dayi county in the spatial scale.


Regional Development and Public Spending: the Case of Italy (by Antonio Acconcia, Alfredo Del Monte) - ABSTRACT: In Italy redistribution and regional policies have been implemented since World War II; poorer regions have been receiving large amount of public funds, namely public consumption and infrastructure investment, to stimulate economic activity or, more generally, to increase welfare. Starting with this premise, the paper analyses the effects of public spending on regional growth in Italy. Taking advantage of both the spatial and the time dimension of the available data, we offer results of two distinct panel analyses which stress the cross-section or the time dimension, respectively. The main results are the following: there is a positive relationship between regional growth and infrastructure capital which mainly holds for the Manufacturing sector; within the Manufacturing sector, the impact of public investment on productivity is noticeably stronger for the low-income group of regions than for the high-income group of regions. No positive impact of public consumption on productivity is detected. Keywords: regional disparities; infrastructure investment; public consumption. JEL Classification: O18, H54


Abstract. We propose a model for coherence scanning interferometry using familiar Fourier optics methods and the spectrum of plane waves for the case where light source spectral bandwidth limits the fringe contrast as a function of optical path length. The model is straightforward to implement, is computationally efficient, and reveals many of the common error sources related to the optical filtering properties of the imaging system. We quantify the limits of applicability of the model related to the geometrical approximations for Fourier optics, particularly for high numerical apertures, and when using the fringe contrast for determining surface heights. These limitations can be overcome using a three-dimensional imaging model.


We believe that interactivity is one of the most important aspects of computer-aided compositional tools. Traditional environments (e.g., Music-V) have very slow turnaround time, which causes an unacceptable loss of direct control over the computational process. In the same vein, once a piece is constructed via a "traditional" system, it is recorded and is then fixed in every aspect. We think that the computer enables the composer to envision interactive music for the first time-be it the interaction with a live performer on stage or the interaction with a listener in the context of an installation. To describe such a piece, a computer language has to provide mechanisms for real-time control. To develop such a piece, an interactive real-time environment for this language has to exist. Such an environment exists. It is called Formula, written by Dave Anderson and Ron Kuivila, and described in (Anderson and Kuivila 1986) and (Anderson 1987). Formula is a real-time extension to Mitch Bradley's ForthMacs implementation of the Forth computer language. Formula enables the composer/programmer to specify real-time processes. Each process may generate sound events or control other processes. (Formula is a MIDI-based system without direct sound-generation mechanisms. Instead, synthesizer fine-control via Exclusive-Messages is used.) A composition is modeled as a program consisting of a number of event-generating processes. Real-time control of these processes is possible while they are running, for example, by changing process-local variables. While Formula suits our needs in terms of interactivity, it lacks data structures, higher-order functions, and other computational tools found in modern languages. It is not easy to "compute music" in Formula using data bases and rules. The level of abstraction is quite low; it is the MIDI protocol, modeled by the "$-words" of event generation, which make it possible to specify single notes. When we started the CAMP project (Nieberle 1989), we used basically the process scheduling of Formula. After some music had been composed with these relatively low-level constructs, we felt a real demand to extend the system with another, higher, language level. It should be possible to represent scores of music efficiently as a list of notes and to define functions to analyze, alter, and create those scores.


The process by which the normative content of international criminal law is formed is essentially an ad-hoc process of comparative law in action. Because of the nascence and rudimentary nature of this branch of international law, much is left unclear in the statutes of international tribunals. Applicable treaties deal with some aspects of the crimes but leave much of the criminal law doctrine up to individual participants in the process of law-making. What results is an inevitable divergence in the understanding, development and application of some normative notions such as modes of responsibility. Individual participants (judges, lawyers, academic commentators) apply notions from the domestic systems they are familiar with, and diverging views of the law ensue. This borrowing from domestic systems can contribute to the formation of the normative content of international criminal law - in fact it has always done so - however the critique I have is that the selection and application can be arbitrary and threaten due process concerns, which are paramount in any criminal justice system. The solution I propose is to consciously apply (and perhaps require) a comparative law methodology as a kind of minimum restraint on this process.


Building upon the success of Curiosity's landing and surface mission, the Mars 2020 project is a flagship-class science mission intended to address key questions about the potential for life on Mars and collect samples for possible return to Earth [1]. The mission will also gather knowledge and demonstrate technologies that address key challenges for future human expeditions to Mars. Based on the highly successful entry, descent, and landing (EDL) architecture from the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission [2], Mars 2020 will launch in July of 2020 and land on Mars in February of 2021. The mission takes advantage of the favorable 2020 launch/arrival opportunity; this enables the delivery of a larger, heavier, and more capable rover to wider variety of potential landing sites. While Mars 2020 inherits most of its EDL architecture, software, and hardware from MSL, a small number of changes have been made to correct deficiencies, improve performance, and increase the overall robustness of the system. The most significant of these changes is the recent addition to the baseline of a Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN) system, which will allow the vehicle to safely land at much more rugged and hazardous landing sites. This paper presents an overview of the Mars 2020 EDL design and discusses the changes made as the project enters Phase C. Additionally, the paper also summarizes the Mars 2020 landing site safety assessment that is in progress in preparation for the next landing site selection workshop. References: [1] Mustard, J., et al. (2013) "Report of the Mars 2020 Science Definition Team," Tech. rep., Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG). [2] Steltzner, A. (2013) "Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent, and Landing System Overview", AAS 13-236. IPPW-13 Program Abstracts Missions Session July 13-17, Laurel MD USA. http://ippw2016.jhuapl.edu/ 5 HOW DOES TERRAIN RELATIVE NAVIGATION CHANGE THE MARS 2020 ENTRY, DESCENT, AND LANDING? D.W. Way, S. Dutta, A. Chen, and P. Brugarolas. NASA Langley Research Center (Hampton, VA 23681, email@example.com), NASA Langley Research Center (Hampton, VA 23681, email@example.com), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Pasadena, CA, 91009, firstname.lastname@example.com), and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Pasadena, CA, 91009, firstname.lastname@example.com). Abstract: The Mars 2020 project is a flagshipclass science mission to land the next robotic explorer on Mars. With a state-of-the-art suite of scientific instruments, the new Curiosity-class rover will conduct a search for the evidence of past life, and for the first time, collect rock and soil samples for possible return to Earth [1]. Based on the highly successful Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) architecture and the Sky Crane landing system [2], the new mission will launch in July of 2020 and will reach Mars in February 2021. While Mars 2020 inherits most of its EDL architecture, software, and hardware from MSL, a few minor adjustments and improvements have been made to the EDL system design to either correct known issues from MSL or to improve the overall robustness of the system. The most significant of these changes is the recent addition to the baseline of a Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN) system, which will allow the vehicle to safely land at much more rugged and hazardous landing sites. This TRN system fits nicely within the heritage MSL architecture by taking advantage of the postseparation propulsive divert maneuver performed to minimize the backshell re-contact risk. The TRN system consists of two main sub-systems: the Lander Vision System (LVS) and the Safe Target Selection (STS). The LVS provides terrain-relative localization of the vehicle position by taking real-time camera images while descending on parachute. These images are processed and co-registered to an on-board map, all on a dedicated compute element. This localized solution is then used within STS to determine a safe landing site that is reachable within the constraints of the propulsive divert. The presence of the TRN system allows the science community to propose landing sites that would otherwise be considered too risky. This alters slightly the careful balance of EDL risks inherent in the MSL system. This paper will focus on the minor adjustments made to the MSL EDL system to rebalance these risks in the presence of TRN. The Mars 2020 project is a flagshipclass science mission to land the next robotic explorer on Mars. With a state-of-the-art suite of scientific instruments, the new Curiosity-class rover will conduct a search for the evidence of past life, and for the first time, collect rock and soil samples for possible return to Earth [1]. Based on the highly successful Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) architecture and the Sky Crane landing system [2], the new mission will launch in July of 2020 and will reach Mars in February 2021. While Mars 2020 inherits most of its EDL architecture, software, and hardware from MSL, a few minor adjustments and improvements have been made to the EDL system design to either correct known issues from MSL or to improve the overall robustness of the system. The most significant of these changes is the recent addition to the baseline of a Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN) system, which will allow the vehicle to safely land at much more rugged and hazardous landing sites. This TRN system fits nicely within the heritage MSL architecture by taking advantage of the postseparation propulsive divert maneuver performed to minimize the backshell re-contact risk. The TRN system consists of two main sub-systems: the Lander Vision System (LVS) and the Safe Target Selection (STS). The LVS provides terrain-relative localization of the vehicle position by taking real-time camera images while descending on parachute. These images are processed and co-registered to an on-board map, all on a dedicated compute element. This localized solution is then used within STS to determine a safe landing site that is reachable within the constraints of the propulsive divert. The presence of the TRN system allows the science community to propose landing sites that would otherwise be considered too risky. This alters slightly the careful balance of EDL risks inherent in the MSL system. This paper will focus on the minor adjustments made to the MSL EDL system to rebalance these risks in the presence of TRN. References: [1] Mustard, J., et al. (2013) "Report of the Mars 2020 Science Definition Team," Tech. rep., Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG). [2] Steltzner, A. (2013) "Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent, and Landing System Overview", AAS 13-236. [3] Way, D. W., Davis, J. L, and Shidner, J. D. (2013) "Assessment of the Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent, and Landing Simulation", AAS 13420. [4] Way, D. W. (2013) "Preliminary Assessment of the Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent, and Landing Simulation", IEEE-2013-2755. IPPW-13 Program Abstracts Missions Session July 13-17, Laurel MD USA. http://ippw2016.jhuapl.edu/ 6 TRN Performance in M2020. S. Mohan, P. Brugarolas, D. Way, N. Trawny, A. Stehura, S. Dutta, J. Montogmery, A. Johnson, A. Chen NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Calilfornia Institute of Technology (4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena CA 91109), NASA Langley Research Center (8 Lindbergh Way, Hampton, VA 23681). Abstract: The Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN) system is an enabling Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) technology slated for inclusion in the Mars 2020 mission [1]. TRN provides real-time, autonomous, terrain-relative position determination and generates a landing target based on a priori knowledge of hazards. TRN is composed of the Lander Vision System (LVS) [2] and the Safe Target Selection (STS) algorithm [3]. The LVS generates a map-relative localization solution by fusing measurements from a visible-wavelength camera and an inertial measurement unit using the Map Relative Localization (MRL) algorithm operating on a high-performance compute element. Updated state knowledge is provided to the spacecraft navigation filter, which uses the STS algorithm to direct a divert maneuver away from known hazards within an onboard map. The needs of Mars 2020 require TRN to have sufficient horizontal position accuracy to avoid hazards of 60m or less. The nominal performance reserves margin on this and sub-allocates the remaining to three parts. The three parts are: the targetting accuracy based on the LVS map-relative localization [4], the knowledge error from the time of localization to the ground, and the control error of the vehicle with respect to the reference trajectory. A reduced case performance is also flowed down with no margin for fault conditions that sub-allocates the entire 60m to the three parts. This paper presents the error budget structure and sub-allocations for both the nominal and reduced cases. Preliminary design results are presented that show current best estimate performance of 31m, more than 30% to the 60m requirement. The Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN) system is an enabling Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) technology slated for inclusion in the Mars 2020 mission [1]. TRN provides real-time, autonomous, terrain-relative position determination and generates a landing target based on a priori knowledge of hazards. TRN is composed of the Lander Vision System (LVS) [2] and the Safe Target Selection (STS) algorithm [3]. The LVS generates a map-relative localization solution by fusing measurements from a visible-wavelength camera and an inertial measurement unit using the Map Relative Localization (MRL) algorithm operating on a high-performance compute element. Updated state knowledge is provided to the spacecraft navigation filter, which uses the STS algorithm to direct a divert maneuver away from known hazards within an onboard map. The needs of Mars 2020 require TRN to have sufficient horizontal position accuracy to avoid hazards of 60m o


In this study, ethylene-1-butene copolymer (EBP) was blended with LDPE to improve the mechan- ical properties of packaging materials. After they were irradiated by an electron beam, the materials' physical properties, such as tensile strength, elongation, modulus, peel strength, DSC, and DMA, were examined. The results showed that the addition of EBP to LDPE exerted significant effects on the mechanical properties, such as the tensile strength and peel strength. The addition of EBP led to a maximum increase in peel strength of ∼ 430 %. The addition of 10∼25 wt% EBP in LDPE was sufficient to enhance the peel strength significantly.


Blockchain technology has the characteristics and functions of distribution, information encryption, information irreversibility, intelligent contract, etc. Through improved traceability and traceability, as well as automatic data acquisition and other ways, blockchain helps to reduce the complexity of the supply chain, improve the visibility of the supply chain. Through literature review, it is found that the application of blockchain technology in supply chain mainly includes: improving the transparency of supply chain, to build trust between upstream and downstream; reduce information cost, help to improve the efficiency of supply chain information transmission; help to realize supply chain traceability and tracking function, especially for the food supply chain. Besides, the research on the application of blockchain in the supply chain is analyzed from the aspects of technology, policy, and organization, and it is believed that the technical bottleneck needs to be overcome, other intelligent technologies need to be integrated, and the integration platform of industry-university-research should be constructed.


The article presents options of the control of bovine leukemia virus infection in dairy cattle depending on the character of the epizootic situation and economic opportunities of agricultural enterprises. When the within-herd BLV prevalence in breeding stock ranges from 2.5% to 10% it is recommended to slaughter all infected animals and to test all seronegative animals with 1-3 month intervals which should be slaughtered until the results of last two successive serological examinations are negative. When the within-herd BLV prevalence ranged from 10 to 30-40% all infected animals should be isolated by grouping them in separate groups; sick animals should be culled and slaughtered. Seronegative animals were tested serologically every three months; when the BLV prevalence decreases to 1% serological testing was carried out monthly. Seropositive cows should be replaced by seronegative heifers. The herd can achieve BLV free status in 4-4.5 years. When the within-herd BLV prevalence was more than 40% all animals was tested haematologically every 6 months, seropositive heifers were selected for fattening. Seronegative heifers were used for replacement of seropositive animals in large farms. Seronegative cows were isolated from seroreagents by grouping them in a separated area of the same barn. The herd can be given official BLV-free status in 1-1.5 years if testing intervals in 1-3 months are respected. When economic opportunities allowed it was recommended to eliminate the livestock and to replace it by animals imported from BLV-free farms. The effectiveness of eradication programme can be improved when using highly sensitive methods of diagnostics of leukemia polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and biologically active substances with immunomodulating activity (T- and B-activins, Ligfol, phosprenil and others).


Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in blood plasma are recognized as potential biomarkers for disease. Although blood plasma is easily obtainable, analysis of EVs at the single particle level is still challenging due to the biological complexity of this body fluid. Besides EVs, plasma contains different types of lipoproteins particles (LPPs), that outnumber EVs by orders of magnitude and which partially overlap in biophysical properties such as size, density and molecular makeup. Consequently, during EV isolation LPPs are often co-isolated. Furthermore, physical EV-LPP complexes have been observed in purified EV preparations. Since co-isolation or association of LPPs can impact single EV-based analysis and biomarker profiling, we investigated whether under physiological conditions LPPs and EVs can associate by using cryo-electron tomography, label-free synchronous Rayleigh and Raman scattering analysis of optically trapped particles and fluorescence-based high resolution single particle flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact on flow cytometric analysis in the absence or presence of different types of LPPs using in vitro spike-in experiments of purified tumor cell line-derived EVs in different classes of purified human LPPs. Based on orthogonal single-particle analysis techniques we demonstrated that EV-LPP complexes can form under physiological conditions. Furthermore, we show that in fluorescence-based flow cytometric EV analysis staining of LPPs, as well as EV-LPP associations can influence EV analysis in a quantitative and qualitative manner. Our findings demonstrate that the biological colloidal matrix of the biofluid in which EVs reside impacts their buoyant density, size and/or refractive index (RI), which may have consequences for down-stream EV analysis.


In order to implement the spirit of The Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the CPC,to build up the Party's governing capacity and carry out the function of discipline inspection and supervision ,it is necessary to discuss the eduction of anti-corruption in the universities and colleges profoundly.According to the characteristic of the universities and college, the strengthening of anti-corruption should adhere to dominant idea of having eduction and prevention as the main concern,and emphasize the establishment and completion of the educational mechanism,standing out the key point, enriching the content, innovating the form,enlargeing the scope, stabilizing the thought of anti-corruption and resulting in the practical effect on the education of anti-corruption..


PARASITIC INFECTIONS The examination of a stool specimen for ova and parasites is an important part of screening immigrant women; 3 sets of stool specimens substantially increase the yield. Intestinal parasites are exceedingly common among immigrants; in 1 group in Thailand, 79.3% of male and 94.7% of female workers had parasitic infections, most commonly hookworm and Opisthorchis species. Common parasites in immigrant women include Ascaris lumbricoides (which is reported to infect more than a quarter of the world's population), hookworm, Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), and Trichuris trichiura (whipworm). Hookworm is important to eradicate because it can cause significant anemia. Tapeworms, particularly Taenia solium (the agent of cysticercosis), are important parasites to detect and eradicate. Patients found to have Entamoeba histolytica, the agent of amebic dysentery and amebic liver abscess, should be treated, but several nonpathogenic amebae that may appear in stool specimens require no treatment. Some parasitic infections, such as strongyloidiasis, may persist for long periods asymptomatically. It is particularly important to screen immigrants who are going to be treated with immunosuppressive medications (for example, steroids for asthma), given the risk of disseminated strongyloidiasis in such patients. The serologic test for Strongyloides species is more sensitive than stool examination. Schistosomiasis may persist long after the initial infection; evidence of Schistosoma mansoni eggs and specific IgE was found in 12% and 37%, respectively, of Israelis who had migrated from Yemen 38 years previously. If persistent schistosomiasis is detected, it is important to treat with praziquantel and to recheck stools to prevent late sequelae of portal hypertension. Schistosoma haematobium may produce long-term alterations of the bladder and ureters and may predispose to urinary tract infections, obstruction, and late bladder carcinoma. If it is suspected, S haematobium eggs should be sought in urine specimens. Past filariasis may produce lymphedema or elephantiasis of the extremities, with a predisposition to recurrent cellulitis. An area of active research is the long-term activation of the immune system as a result of multiple parasitic infections. It has been hypothesized that this activation, especially an exaggerated helper T-cell subset 2 (TH2) response, may have an effect on the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and concomitant immunopathologic disease. GASTROINTESTINAL AND DIARRHEAL DISEASES Diarrheal disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world and may be present in epidemic form in refugee and holding camps. Bacterial agents include various strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Shigella species (which may be multiply resistant), Vibrio cholerae (cholera), Campylobacter species, and others. Rotavirus and other viral causes of diarrhea occur worldwide. Parasitic causes such as amebiasis, giardiasis, capillariasis, and strongyloidiasis are important to detect and treat. Space does not allow here for detailed discussion of the different symptom complexes that suggest 1 cause or another, but the stool screening test for ova and parasites usually is performed for each immigrant. Sensitivity may be increased by obtaining 3 stool specimens when infection is suspected. Persons who are symptomatic may also require rehydration, specific antimicrobial therapy, bacterial stool cultures, or other evaluation. Although not a diarrheal disease, Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever) is an important worldwide cause of febrile illness, and the chronic-carrier state may persist. A stool specimen should be obtained from prospective food handlers for culture for Salmonella species and other enteric bacterial pathogens.


The aim of the study was to investigate the possible overexpression of estrogen (ERs) and progesterone (PRs) receptors both in EPs glandular and stromal cells in postmenopausal women with levothyroxine-treated hypothyroidism in comparison to EPs detected in women with physiological thyroid hormone levels. During the study period (January-February 2013) 22 patients were eligible (12 treated, 10 controls). The two groups were homogenous for general, EPs sonographic and hysteroscopic features. None of the cases of atypia was found. Immunohistochemistry showed that the two groups were similar for ERs and PRs intensity rates in EPs glandular cells despite a trend of ERs percentage expression more than 60% in 2/3 of treated patients versus 1/3 of controls. In stromal EPs components, ERs intensity was high positive in 10 (83,3%) treated cases while it was high positive in 1 control (10%). Percentage of ERs stromal expression showed a different trend between the two groups despite a borderline statistical significance. Our hypothesis is based on a possible double action of hypothyroidism and thyroxine intake: the subclinical TSH increased levels and its possible circadian oscillation could stimulate the endometrial TSHRs (increasing type 2 DIO activity); the circulating levels of exogenous thyroxine could be locally metabolized in active form by type 2 DIO stimulating ERs.


A new experiment at Fermilab will measure the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon with a precision of 140 parts per billion (ppb). This measurement is motivated by the results of the Brookhaven E821 experiment that were first released more than a decade ago, which reached a precision of 540 ppb. As the corresponding Standard Model predictions have been refined, the experimental and theoretical values have persistently differed by about 3 standard deviations. If the Brookhaven result is confirmed at Fermilab with this improved precision, it will constitute definitive evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model. The experiment observes the muon spin precession frequency in flight in a well-calibrated magnetic fi eld; the improvement in precision will require both 20 times as many recorded muon decay events as in E821 and a reduction by a factor of 3 in the systematic uncertainties. This paper describes the current experimental status as well as the plans for the upgraded magnet, detector and storage ring systems that are being prepared for the start of beam data collection in 2017.


Evolution is generally defined as a slow progressive change occurring over a prolonged period of time. Conversely, metamorphosis is a dramatic change or even a rebirth occurring over a relatively short period. These forces have been in motion since the beginning of time and throughout all human


Vannuscorps et al. (2021) present a comprehensive set of carefully designed behavioural experiments to characterize a young woman's ("Davida's") unique neuropsychological deficit in object orientation perception. Specifically, when presented with 2D shapes defined by sharp edges with medium to high contrast, Davida reports seeing 90° and 180° rotated, and mirror-reversed, versions of the same shapes. By contrast, when shown 3D shapes or 2D shapes defined by blurred edges with low contrast, Davida's performance is intact compared to agematched control participants. Vannuscorps et al. theorize that Davida's deficit arises from a failure to map intermediate shape-centered representations (ISCRs) derived from cues preferentially processed in the parvocellular visual pathway from retinotopic coordinates to the higher-level spatiotopic or bodycentered coordinates that undergird conscious perception and action. They further propose that midlevel ventral stream regions such as LO1/2 (V4d in monkeys) may encode these ISCRs in retinotopic coordinates before they are transformed into spatiotopic or body-centered coordinates in downstream ventral and dorsal stream regions. Representations of multiple spatial reference frames have been most prominently associated with the primate posterior parietal cortex (PPC). In neuropsychological studies, damage to the human PPC has been linked to spatial neglect, which can occur with respect to retinotopic, body-centered, or spatiotopic reference frames (Halligan et al., 2003). In macaques, representations of different spatial reference frames have been linked to neurones in different subregions within the intraparietal sulcus (Colby & Goldberg, 1999). The re-representation of visual information from retinotopic coordinates in early visual areas to other reference frames is consistent with the idea that PPC plays an important role in the adaptive and dynamic aspect of visual information processing, whereby input from the ventral visual cortex is transformed to facilitate task performance and efficient interaction with the external world (Xu, 2018a & 2018b; see also Vaziri-Pashkam & Xu, 2017). Whereas previous studies have linked the representation of multiple spatial reference frames to PPC, Vannuscorps et al. (2021) suggest that it could occur earlier in regions immediately downstream from LO in the human brain, such as in V3A/V3B and IPS0. These brain regions have previously been linked to the representation of 3D space (e.g., Georgieva et al., 2009), the tracking of up to four object locations, and visual grouping (Bettencourt & Xu, 2016a; Xu & Chun, 2006, 2007 & 2009). The possibility of linking Davida's behavioural deficit and the transformation of spatial reference frames to this general brain region presents an exciting opportunity that could help us better understand the precise function this region may play in visual perception. Vannuscorps et al. presume that Davida's processing of the orientations of 2D shapes with sharp edges is intact early in cortical processing, and that her orientation perception deficit occurs when the retinotopic coordinates of these shapes are remapped onto higher-level spatiotopic or body-centered coordinates. However, this assumption has not been directly tested and it remains possible that orientation processing deficits could have occurred much earlier for these shapes during cortical processing.


Dysbiosis of the gut and skin microflora has been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and inflammatory bowel disease. In AD, a disruption of the balance and diversity of the cutaneous microbial communities is associated with disease severity and may increase skin colonization with Staphylococcus aureus1 while decreasing the level of Staphylococcus epidermidis, a skin probiotic bacterium. In an observational, register-based, prospective cohort study, Mubanga et al2 found that exposure to systemic antibiotics in the prenatal period and in early childhood (first year of life) was associated with a modestly increased risk of AD in the general population. Although the use of both topical and systemic antibiotics may induce dysbiosis,3,4 the choice of antibiotic, dosing, indication, and duration of use play critical roles in outcomes.5 Antibiotics are life-saving medications and have been a cornerstone of public health. Furthermore, they are the most common medications prescribed for children.6 Antibiotics are generally categorized as either broad-spectrum or narrow-spectrum antibiotics according to their spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as doxycycline, azithromycin, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, mupirocin, and fluoroquinolones, target a wide range of grampositive and gram-negative bacteria, whereas narrow-spectrum antibiotics, such as vancomycin, fidaxomicin, and sarecycline, only target limited types of clinically relevant bacteria. Moreover, on the basis of their mechanism of action, antibiotics have been classified into bactericidal (ie, they kill bacteria) and bacteriostatic (ie, they only inhibit the growth or proliferation of bacteria) categories. For example, tetracyclines are generally bacteriostatic, whereas fluoroquinolones are bactericidal. Although broad-spectrum antibiotics have a crucial role in the empirical treatment of infections and some classes of antibiotics have been widely used to treat inflammatory conditions such as acne and rosacea,7 because of both their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, the prolonged and intermittent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has been associated with the development of antimicrobial resistance and permanent perturbation of the microbiome. Although no causal relationship has been definitively established, the use of doxycycline in patients with acne was found to be associated with a 2.25-fold greater risk of developing Crohn disease.7 Narrow-spectrum antibiotics have a low propensity to induce bacterial resistance and also a reduced tendency to cause dysbiosis.8 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have stressed antibiotic stewardship. This is an initiative to promote the appropriate use of antibiotics, where patients receive the right dose of the right antibiotic at the right time for the right duration, and the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics whenever feasible to limit off-target effects and enhance patient outcomes. The cutaneous commensal microbiota is primarily composed of gram-positive bacteria. Treating skin conditions with broad-spectrum antibiotics is like using a bazooka to kill a mosquito and can severely harm the microbiome. Several studies have shown the negative impact of broad-spectrum antibiotic use on microbial dysbiosis in the skin and gastrointestinal tract.4 It is intuitive that topical antibiotics may cause more dysbiosis in the skin, whereas systemic antibiotics may cause dysbiosis in both the gut and the skin. Although Mubanga et al2 found an association of exposure to antibiotics in utero and in early life with a modest increase in the risk of AD, they also point out that other studies assessing the risk of AD due to antibiotic use have had mixed results, with some showing positive associations and other showing no association. These collective findings strongly warrant additional investigation to explore the impact of antibiotics in AD and other inflammatory diseases, considering important aspects of antibiotics, including their spectrum of activity, mode of action, effect on resistance potentiation, + Related article


Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is one of the most frequentopportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. The objective of thisstudy was to know the P. jirovecii epidemiology in Venezuelan patients with HumanImmunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and suspected pneumonia, through passivesurveillance at a national reference laboratory during six years. Laboratory recordsof patients with HIV infection, who were hospitalized with acute lower respiratorytract infection (ALRTI), and presumptive clinical diagnosis of PCP, were reviewedbetween January 2007 and December 2012, at the Mycology Department of theInstituto Nacional de Higiene Rafael Rangel. Several respiratory specimens werereceived and the direct immunofluorescence assay (DIF) and nested polymerasechain reaction (nPCR) diagnostic techniques were used. One hundred and sixty-onerespiratory samples were processed and P. jirovecii was detected in 76 samples byDIF and in 20 by nPCR. PCP's frequency in Venezuelan patients with HIV is high andit has been sustained throughout time. Colonization by P. jirovecii has uncertainclinical significance, but this study provides evidence that the state of advancedimmunosuppression increases the probability of colonization. DIF and nPCR arevery useful techniques for PCP diagnosis, but are of limited access in many hospitalcenters, especially in developing countries. We recommend the use of DIF with spontaneoussputum specimens as the first diagnostic line for PCP in patients with HIVinfection. The results obtained by nPCR should be interpreted with caution, takinginto account the patient's clinical symptoms.


This paper proposes a novel vehicle candidate generation algorithm for vehicle detection in on-road environments. The proposed algorithm uses shadow and edge information of original image collected from a camera in the vehicle. The bottom of vehicle has a shadow which is darker than the road. The proposed algorithm extracts the shadow region darker than the road, and creates an edge image using the Canny edge detector. It performs AND operation between the shadow image and the edge image. We can effectively generate the vehicle candidates from the result image. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides fast and accurate vehicle candidate generation. And the number of candidates is reasonable for the vehicle verification.


At the end of 1997 I wound up in hospital with a rather serious illness and lost four weeks of teaching time. Then, in late November I was discharged only to be greeted with the news that my mother had developed end stage liver cancer.

I guess I had been kind of expectantly waiting for the moment when her condition would become terminal-my mother had developed breast cancer with complications some five years earlier, and even with more than two years' medical training, the diagnosis of end stage cancer still knocked me sideways. While I reeled from the double blow I had suffered I prepared for my return to academic work at college and, when the time came, I duly ploughed in with junior firms.

Over the following months my mother's health got worse and I was having to return home a lot to be with my family. By the beginning of March she was gravely ill and she was admitted to Hammersmith Hospital in London. I started travelling regularly across London, from Mile End in …


of Hispanic irrigation systems (Doolittle), corn guardians (Bohrer), and dry farming in southern Colorado (Honeycutt) round out the volume. Each of these papers has important implications for conceptualizing and carrying out studies of prehistoric agriculture. If these papers differ in emphasis, approach, and comprehensiveness, they cohere around the active and multifaceted research project presented by Prehispanic and traditional southwestern agricultural systems. Many of the papers suffer from being reports of work in progress, rather than completed studies. On the other hand, one of the strengths of the volume is the dissemination of data that might otherwise languish in the gray literature for some time to come. As southwestern archaeology moves toward a more sophisticated understanding of prehistoric production systems, these data will become increasingly important. The diversity of rainfall, runoff, and stream-fed agricultural systems documented in these studies suggests that the organization of Prehispanic economies in the Southwest was complex, sophisticated, and locally varied. The research represented in this volume exemplifies the disciplinary growth from a narrow focus on the functional and temporal attributes of agricultural features to a broader concern with the spatial and technological organization of prehistoric landscapes as systems of production.


Risks of fur animal feeding and breeding industry are divided into two categories:the direct risks(or called inside risks) and the indirect risks(or called outside risks).The direct risks include technician risks and management risks.The indirect risks include mi-croscopic and macroscopic outside risks.According to the risk role mechanism,with the features and problems of fur animal feeding and breeding industry in China,this article analyzes the risks of fur animal feeding and breeding industry from both angles of macro-scopic and microscopic.


The Sichuan basin is an intracontinental basin in central China containing extensive Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic sedimentary sequences of varying thicknesses. We used seismic recordings from 189 regional earthquakes with magnitude Ms 4.0–7.0 occurring from 2010 to 2020 recorded by 22 stations from the China Digital Seismological Observation Network to estimate the kappa values (κ0) in the Sichuan basin using Lg waves and coda waves. The Lg and coda κ0 values agree well with each other and show positive correlation with the thickness of sediments in the basin. The average κ0 for the Sichuan basin is estimated as 0.0475 s, similar to results reported in previous studies. The average estimate of κ0 is 0.06 s for stations in the western part of the basin that are underlain by sediments approximately 8 km thick. The quality factor Q of Lg waves in the crustal waveguide is estimated as Q(f)=335f0.72. We estimated site response in the Sichuan basin from Lg spectral inversion, coda spectral ratios, and Lg horizontal to vertical spectral ratios, respectively, and investigated correlation between the site response values and sediment thickness. Consistent patterns are observed in the three sets of site response, which are clearly dependent on the thickness of sediments. Maximum averaged amplification factors of the sediments occur around 2–4 Hz reaching ∼4.5 for sites overlying 8 km sediments. Stronger attenuation effects are observed at stations lying on thicker sediment columns at frequencies higher than 9.66 Hz. This spatial dependence of low-frequency amplification and high-frequency attenuation should be incorporated in ground-motion prediction models for the Sichuan basin. The results of this study can be applied to sites in the Sichuan basin where the thickness of the sedimentary section exceeds 2 km.


Tettelin et. al. proposed a new method for closing the gaps in whole genome shotgun sequencing projects. The method uses a multiplex PCR strategy in order to minimize the time and effort required to sequence the DNA in the missing gaps. This procedure has been used in a number of microbial sequencing projects including Streptococcus pneumoniae and other bacteria. In this paper we describe a theoretical framework for this problem and propose an improved method that guarantees to minimize the number of steps involved in the gap closure procedures. In given particular collection of n/2 DNA fragments we describe a strategy that requires. 0.75 log n work in eight parallel rounds of experiment closely matching a corresponding lower bound 0.5 log of n


The research of deep volcanic gas reservoir had been the difficulty of the seismic exploration,it had many difficulties in oil and gas forecast for its inherent lithology and the complexity of the reservoir space of the volcanic reservoir.For its specificity,K-means algorithm based on density was adopted to cluster and recognize the gas-bearing core samples of deep volcanic rocks from water-bearing ones.By analyzed the reoganization results of the algorithm,it has higher accuracy and stability of the clustering recognization,Thus it has some reference value in the seismic inversion and fluid identification.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes induced by isolated soy protein (ISP)-based diet on glycemia and oxidative stress biomarkers in diabetic rats. Fifteen male Wistar rats (35 ± 4 g, aged 21 days) were assigned to three groups: Casein (C group), which received casein-based diet during experimental protocol; Diabetic treated with Casein (D + C group) that received casein-based diet before and after diabetes induction; Diabetic treated with ISP (D + S group) that received casein-based diet before diabetes induction and after received ISP-based diet for the experimental protocol. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight i.v.). After three weeks of dietary treatment, total nitrates, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were measured in heart homogenates. ISP-based diet promoted an improvement in the glycemic levels of diabetic rats compared with casein-based diet (362 ± 25 vs 461 ± 30 mg/dL). CAT activity demonstrated a significant decrease in D + C and D + S groups. D + S group presented a significant increase in SOD and GST activities. Lipid peroxidation was not different among experimental groups. The overall results suggested the potential benefits of ISP-based diet consumption to improve the life quality of diabetic patients.


Nowadays, the design phase of any mechatronic system is mandatory before the implementation and the construction of a prototype. In the design phase, it is crucial to minimize failures, without under-dimensioning, any drive system in the desired prototype, using different simulation tools to test the proposed design under varied conditions.In this paper, the design, the simulation, and the control of a holonomic or omnidirectional mobile robot are presented. The design approach consists of a mathematically based method. The obtained model is an approach of the studied mobile robot, that allows an approach to the system's behaviour, to a testing platform, and to a simulator for the desired robot, including most of the innerrobot's interactions. The main contributions of this paper are the presentation and the study case of a proposed structured methodology for the study of any mechatronic-robotic system.


Inkjet printing media (100) comprising a coating (110) on at least one side of the layered medium (100), the coating (110) comprises a source of multivalent ions and in the presence of polyvalent ions at adhesive film forming latex binder. Coating (110) comprises a calcium ion (Ca2 +) and latex binder forms a film of adhesive in the presence of calcium ions (Ca2 +) a. Printed dielectric coating (110) comprising: a source of polyvalent ions; and forming a coherent film of the latex binder in the presence of polyvalent ions.


In the past several years, traditional methods of sludge disposal such as incineration and ocean dumping have come under fire from environmental groups and the EPA. This has sparked a search for more environmentally acceptable methods of sludge disposal. One method receiving considerable attention at present is sewage-sludge composting. Since the early 1970's, the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture has developed the aerated pile method. Dewatered sludge is mixed with woodchips and the resulting mixture put in a pile. A blower is used to suck air down through the pile, providing oxygen for aerobic microbes to break down the sludge into compost. The compost is useful as a soil conditioner. To make this process attractive, it's not necessary that the compost be sold to cover all costs. The only thing that matters is that the cost of composting be less than acceptable alternatives for sludge disposal. Camden, N.J., recently stopped dumping its sludge at sea and began composting.


Reasonable quality holograms have been made of objects placed within 1 to 3 cm of the hologram plane without the need for any external reference beam. The reconstructions from such holograms, though not of high quality, are clearly recognizable and three‐dimensional.


An increasing use of sculptured surfaces by blending non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) has been observed in the consumer product design. For machining of sculptured objects, there are numerous toolpath generation techniques available in literature. However, several researchers' have noted that toolpath, feedrate, and tool geometry are critical for improving surface finish and machining time. In order to achieve constant load on the cutting tool during the machining of sculptured surfaces, the issue of feedrate optimisation based on force prediction models has not captured enough attention. In this paper, a feedrate modification algorithm was developed and validated to examine the impact of toolpath and feedrate variations on machining time and surface finish of the Coons surface in a real machining environment. Results from the proposed Taguchi experiments show that for the selected Renshape® 5030 material, the toolpath factor had a greater effect on surface finish and machining time than feedrate. T...


The results are presented of an experimental program performed to evaluate shotcrete properties important to underground structural support systems. A series of vertical and horizontal panels containing various amounts of accelerators were shot, and specimens cut from them were tested to obtain mechanical properties. Two fast setting agents and one controlled setting cement were evaluated and both wet and dry process machines were used in the study. Two thicknesses of shotcrete (2-in. and 6-in.) were studied to determine thickness and layer effects on strength. The properties obtained include compressive, flexural and shear strengths, secant and tangent moduli, Poisson's ratio, gas permeability, and shear and tensile bond strength of shotcrete to coal, shale and sandstone. The data were analyzed using statistical techniques to show trends between shotcreting methods and the concrete mixes and additives used. A series of small scale bench experiments were performed in which several types of Standard Portland and accelerated cements were evaluated. Various liquid and dry accelerators were investigated as admixtures for the Portland cements. Details are given of the test panel fabrication and testing. Based on the result of bench tests, Type III Portland cement with Tricasol and Isocrete, and RSPC were chosen for evaluation with full size shotcrete panels. The highlights based on average values of the test results are presented. Shotcrete mixes are discussed and a table is presented of shotcrete mix design. Shotcrete properties are reviewed. The data presented here indicate that the use of reg-set cements would increase the versatility of shotcrete. However, modifications (listed) in current procedure would be required. An alternative approach would be the development of suitable additives so that the cements behave similar to Regulated Set Portland Cement in setting and strength characteristics.


A composition for preventing hair loss and promoting hair growth is provided to show no toxicity against keratinocyte and strong anti-oxidative capability, do not require addition of a preservative for a long term use and be effective for hair loss and hair growth with no skin irritation. A method for preparing an oriental herb composition comprises the steps of: (a) hot-water extracting a mixture of 30-35 parts by weight of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, 15-20 parts by weight of Comi Fructus, 15-20 parts by weight of Alisma canaliculatum, 10-15 parts by weight of Dioscorea Rhizome, 10-15 parts by weight of Poria cocos and 10-15 parts by weight of Paeonia suffruticosa andrews; and (b) cooling down vapor generated by heating the hot-water extract to obtain a distilled solution.


McCrae (1990) has argued that Openness to Experience is a fundamental dimension of personality that is not well represented among English‐language trait adjectives. Presumably, then, studies of personality adjectives will inevitably fail to capture at least one fundamental personality dimension. I argue that the language does contain many adjectives referring to Openness, and that recent studies of the language of personality reveal a large factor clearly related to both Openness and Intellect. These studies support both the Openness construct and the questionnaire version of the five basic factors. Lexical and questionnaire methods appear to converge on a single structural framework for basic personality traits.


Background: South Africa is a multi-ethnic country that has been hardest hit by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. A steady increase in HIV/AIDS infection rates among the Indian population in Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN) has been noted because of their failure to accept HIV/AIDS as a threat. HIV/AIDS clearly affects all race groups; however, there is a lack of research on Indian women with HIV/AIDS in KZN despite their vulnerability to the disease. This phenomenological research aimed to better understand the essence of the experience of living with HIV/AIDS. Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study wasto explore the lived experience of Indian women living in KZN with HIV/AIDS. This research aimed to give Indian women a voice to express their individual experience living with the disease, to provide an inductive description of the lived experience, and to gain understanding of the essence of the experience of living with HIV/AIDS. Philosophical Underpinning: Guided by the phenomenological perspective of Max van Manen. Methods: A purposive sample of Indian women from Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa with HIV/AIDS was selected to explore the overarching question: What is the lived experience of living with HIV/AIDS? Data collection occurred from hour-long semi-structured interviews that were tape-recorded, transcribed for verification, and member checked. Data analysis included describing, interpreting, and textual writing as guided by van Manen. Results: Therelated themes of themes of struggling, isolating, supporting, and hoping emerged as a total representation of the Indian's women's liveswith HIV/AIDS. Conclusions: This research study exposed the depth of the challenges confronting the Indian women with HIV/AIDS. A significant dimension of this experience of living with HIV/AIDS was the search for meaning, which the women were compelled to address in order to move forward in their respective lives.


In an Initial Public Offering (IPO) process, it is expected that there will be different share price valuations by professionals, due to market flaws, meaning information asymmetry among investors. For stockholders – who previously formed the corporate structure of the company – an IPO opens up possibilities of immediate gains, as they can purchase at prices lower than established by the structuring agent. On the other hand, underpricing is an indirect cost for the company, as, part of the offer is not collected. Identifying these determinants thus becomes relevant, as this information may be essential for defining the most appropriate share price. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to perform a bibliometric analysis (including the Zipf, Bradford and Lotka Laws), followed by a systematic review of papers analyzing this theme. This analysis uses the VOSviewer and Biblioshiny software packages. As a result, informational asymmetry is confirmed as the main theory clarifying the underpricing event. Noteworthy among the determinants are the reputations of the underwriter and share issuer, the presence of corporate governance mechanisms, and the offering size. Among the knowledge gaps opening up opportunities for further studies on this topic are: investigation of the phenomenon in companies in Latin America or comparatively in emerging countries worldwide, use of a behavioral approach to analyze investor motivations, and the presence of institutional investors as IPO inducers.


The importance of soil moisture for hydrological applications is widely recognized. Nowadays, information about soil moisture variability in the space-time domain can be retrieved from several satellite sensors in the microwave band (e.g., AMSR-E, ASCAT, MIRAS, WINDSAT). Besides the improvement of inversion algorithms, the development of reliable validation techniques for soil moisture estimates obtained by remote sensing is a significant scientific and operational issue. In fact, the use of in-situ observations, giving information at local scale, for the assessment of coarse resolution (typically 25 km) satellite data may provide non-consistent results. Therefore, development and testing different validation strategies is of particular interest, mainly considering satellite missions that are specifically dedicated to soil moisture estimation (i.e. SMOS and, in the near-future, SMAP). In this study, different validation approaches were applied for the analysis and inter-comparison of data stemming from two satellite sensors: ASCAT (Advanced SCATterometer) and AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Earth observing system). In particular, two standard methodologies were employed: comparison with in-situ observations and modelled soil moisture data. Moreover, the capability of satellite sensors to estimate the soil wetness conditions before a storm event was assessed by using rainfall-runoff data at catchment scale (Brocca et al., 2009). Finally, the potential of satellite data to enhance runoff prediction by assimilating them into continuous rainfall-runoff models was tested (Brocca et al., 2010). These two latter methods are particularly remarkable as they offer a better understanding of the effective use of satellite soil moisture for hydrological applications. The comparison of four different techniques and two satellite sensors (ASCAT and AMSRE) will furnish a better and in-depth understanding of the capability of these sensors for soil moisture estimation. Several sites across Europe, for which soil moisture and rainfall-runoff data are available, were used as case studies considering a three year and half period (January 2007-August 2010). Results can be summarized as follows: (i) ASCAT clearly outperforms AMSR-E in terms of their capability to reproduce in-situ observations and modelled data with correlation coefficients higher than 0.85, and (ii) thanks to their high accuracy, ASCAT soil moisture data can be effectively used to improve flood prediction and forecasting through its assimilation in rainfall-runoff modelling. It has to be noted that the techniques employed can be easily applied also for others satellite sensors (e.g. MIRAS on-board SMOS) and for different physiographic regions.


Satan Unbound: The Devil in Old English Literature.By Peter Dendle (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001), xiii _196pp. $50.00 cloth; $22.95 paper.Demon Lovers: Witchcraft, Sex, and the Crisis of Belief. By Walter Stephens (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2002), xv _451 pp. $35.00 cloth.


The invention discloses a support formwork and scaffold supporting structure for elevated framework pillar-continuous beam and a construction method thereof. The supporting structure is a suspension type supporting structure arranged below a cross beam of the framework pillar and comprises suspension rods, wherein the upper parts of the suspension rods are fixed on the cross beam of the frameworkpillar in a penetrating way and are distributed in a section, which is positioned just below the continuous beam, of the cross beam of the framework pillar, two rows of suspension rods are arranged at a large mileage and a small mileage of the cross beam of the framework pillar respectively, a suspension beam is commonly connected with the bottom of each row of the suspension rods in a penetrating way, and bailey beams are erected on the two suspension beams along the direction of the continuous beam. By adopting the supporting structure, the problem that existing lines are occupied during construction of small-angle and large-span overline continuous beams is solved, the construction of a beam body supporting frame completely depends on a newly-completed entity project and is free from unfavorable factors of a construction environment, influence on the existing lines is lower, the construction progress is accelerated, the construction cost is reduced, and the construction quality is improved.


The article analyzes the status quo of emotional management in Chinese enterprises and pertinently brings forward the countermeasures including ways and means.


S OME FOUR years ago, we took the responsibility for editing this TRANSACTIONS. Our editorial duties have now ended. It has been a privilege and honor to serve our readers and our authors. Throughout the last four years, our greatest concern has been to maintain the high standards and quality of our society's flagship publication. While this has been a rewarding experience, it has not been without its challenges. Obtaining reliable and timely reviews from true experts in the field is one of the greatest challenges that archival journals face. This TRANSACTIONS has been most fortunate to have a large number of dedicated experts as members of its Editorial Board who spend countless hours helping the editors in evaluating hundreds of manuscripts. During our term as Editors-in-Chief of this TRANSACTIONS, to better show our gratitude for all the help from our reviewers, we initiated a reviewers' reception at the 2007 IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (IEEE MTT-S) International Microwave Symposium (IMS), Honolulu, HI. This venue has given us the opportunity to meet and thank in person many of our Editorial Board members. To further recognize our most active reviewers, we have decided to publish the names of 200 of our outstanding reviewers


9515 Background: Patients with persisting ITC in the BM after primary therapy show an increased risk for distant relapse and shortened survival (Janni et al., Cancer 2001; Wiedswang et al., SABCS 2...


The suitability of III-V single-mode cw diode lasers for difference-frequency generation of tunable IR radiation has been explored by mixing a red single-mode diode laser with a tunable single-mode cw Ti:Al2O3 laser in AgGaS2. More than 1 (mu) W of cw tunable, ((lambda) approximately equals 5 micrometers ), narrowband coherent radiation has been generated by using type I noncritical phasematching. The feasibility of a more compact, solid state cw laser source based on the mixing of two single-mode diode lasers (808 and 690 nm) as pump sources in AgGaS2 has also been demonstrated (infrared power generated approximately equals 3 nW). Techniques to increase the infrared difference-frequency output power level such as the use of a high-power optical semiconductor amplifier or an external buildup cavity for the nonlinear mixing crystal have been investigated. As much as 47 (mu) W of cw infrared radiation and 89 (mu) W of pulsed infrared radiation, tunable around 4.3 micrometers have been generated by mixing the outputs of a high-power tapered semiconductor amplifier at 858 nm and a Ti:Al2O3$ laser at 715 nm in AgGaS(subscript 2. The GaAlAs tapered traveling-wave amplifier delivered up to 1.5 W of diffraction- limited cw power into the nonlinear crystal. Recent progress in generating cw infrared radiation near 3.2 micrometers by mixing the outputs of an extended cavity diode laser near 800 nm (pump wave) and a compact diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm (signal wave) in AgGaS2 with an external enhancement cavity to resonate the signal wave inside the nonlinear mixing crystal is also described.


. In this paper, we examine stacky structures in Einstein's theory of gravity. In brief, we first give a construction of the moduli stack of solutions to (vacuum) Einstein field equations on n -dimensional spacetimes, with vanishing cosmological constant. Using a similar approach, we also study Einstein's gravity on families of manifolds and define another stack encoding this situation as well. Secondly, we focus on the gauge theoretical interpretation of 3D gravity and the concept of equivalence of 3D quantum gravity with gauge theory. By equivalence , we essentially mean the existence of an isomorphism between the phase spaces of 3D gravity and the associated gauge theory. In this regard, we show that once it exists, the equivalence induces an isomorphism between the corresponding moduli stacks.


S OF THE WELFARE AND ETHOLOGY SECTION PRESENTED DURING THE "8th WORLD RABBIT CONGRESS" PUEBLA, MEXICO 7-10, 2004. The 8th World Rabbit Congress was organized in Puebla (Mexico) by the American Branch of WRSA. The proceedings containing the full text of all communications are available at www.dcam.upv.es\8wrc. A PROTOTYPE OF COLONY CAGE FOR IMPROVING THE WELFARE OF RABBIT DOES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS DAL BOSCO A.*, MUGNAI C.*, CASTELLINI C.*, LAUDAZI S.† * Department of Animal Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74 06121 PERUGIA, Italy. † Metac s.r.l. Ellebi, FABRIANO (AN), Italy. The aim of the work was to ascertain if a collective cage matched the ethological needs of the doe and to define a reproductive management model for colonybreeding. Performance of animals was also evaluated. The colony cage dimension was 76W x 150L x 60H cm and it was equipped with four nest boxes (38 x 25 x 35 cm) at two heads of the cage. Twenty pluriparous New Zealand White does were art if icially inseminated and the pregnant ones were transferred to colony cages (4 for each cage) or to single standard cages (38W x 60L x 34H cm). The housing system strongly affected the behaviour of animals. Does kept in colony cage performed the most of their natural repertoire, while those of the control group some stereotypes, which substituted for normal behaviour. Reproductive performance was not affected by the type of cage. In both groups the sexual receptivity of does was satisfactory as well as the number and the weight of weaned pups. The cage prototype seemed to satisfy ethological and physiological needs of animals, also allowing good performance.


In experiments designed to investigate the relative behavior of the alkaline earth elements in bovine metabolism, two pairs of lactating Ayrshire X Redpoll cows received doses of /sup 224/Ra and /sup 45/Ca. One pair (W258 and W259) received 24 mc /sup 224/Ra + 2 mc /sup 45/Ca administered intravenously, and the others (U45 and U402) received 2 mc /sup 224/Ra + /sup 45/Ca intravenously followed after 77 days by 5 mc /sup 224/Ra + 5 mc /sup 45/Ca orally. Four days after the oral dose, W258 and W259 were both off their feed and badly constipated, and their milk yield was down. They remained ill for 2 days but then showed steady improvement until, a week after the first symptoms, they were eating well and their milk yield was improving. Similar symptoms, but without constipation, were observed after the intravenous dose to these cows. Cows U45 and U402 showed no clinical symptoms after either the irtravenous or oral dose. In W258 and W259 the white cell counts made 4 days after oral dosing were within the normal range but on the 7th and 11th days there was a moderate leukopenia in both cows with minimum white cel1 counts of 2.82more » and 1.56 x 10/sup 3//mm/sup 3/. The differential counts showed this to be due mainly to a fall in the number of neutrophils. By the 18th day the neutrophils had recovered to their normal proportion of about 30%, and only a slight leukopenia was apparent. Seven days after the intravenous dose, a moderate leukopenia was seen in both cows, with white cell counts of 2.2 x 10/sup 3/ and 1.8 x 10/sup 3//mm/sup 3/, mainly to neutropenia. In this instance recovery was slower, and the values were still very abnormal 14 days after the injection. Both doses also caused slight but progressive thrombocytopenia and anemia. No abnormalities in the blood picture of U45 and U402 were observed at any time after the irtravenous or oral doses. Although in man the most sensitive indication of radiation damage is a fall in the numbers of lymphocytes and platelets, the clearest reaction in cows to the feeding or injection of /sup 224/Ra and /sup 45/Ca was a transient neutropenia. Radiation doses were estimated, and it was shown that the threshold dose to produce changes in the blood picture of cows of sufficient magnitude to be recognized during routine hematological examination lies between 35 and 60 rem. For most mammalian species the threshold dose for significant effects on the hematopoietic system is approximates 100 r of gamma radiation. In a large animal this air dose would be roughly equivalent to an absorbed dose of 50 rem. (BBB)« less


The planned ISS-Glonass experiment includes several variants of monitoring of Earth's ionosphere. First option uses triple-band transceiver installed on board of international space station (ISS) to record coherent signals with frequencies 150 MHz, 400 MHz and 1067 MHz emitted by navigation spacecrafts of Tsicada or Transit types. Another concurrent experiment of ionosphere sensing uses the same transceiver in transmit mode. Emitted signal is registered by ground-based receiving stations (RS). After post-processing, these experiments provide the total electron content (TEC) distribution in the limited predefined region of Earths atmosphere. First setup yields results for upper ionosphere layer, while second setup for the lower one.


To accurately analyse and evaluate the pollution situation and spatial characteristics in resort area of scattered water landscape,according to the basic principle and method of water sampling,12 sampling points are confirmed for Kunming Dianchi Tourist Resort,the pH and dissolved oxygen(DO),transparency((SD),the total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN),ammonia nitrogen,chemical oxygen demand(cod),potassium permanganate index,bod etc are analysed,thus the evaluation index of the pollution feature the water landscape area is summarized.


This paper demonstrates the work of measurement evaluation of electromagnetic radiation from wiring subsystem inside electrical vehicles. One motorcycle has been tested in a certificated EMC/EMI chamber as for the evaluation of far field interference generated from its driving system. The regulation of CISPR22 CLASS-B is referred for this analysis. And a near field of EM radiation is also carried out for analyzing the wiring system inside an electric car. A treatment of reducing this interference generated from EVs is also proposed in this paper.


The invention provides a machine tool fixture with the coil protection function. The problem that machining of a stopping opening of a motor shell requires special sites and special devices to complete assembling of the motor shell and a stator is solved. The machine tool fixture is characterized in that a fixture body and the stator are sequentially installed on a machine tool transition disc, and the stator is located by the fixture body. An improved pushing mechanism is characterized in that a pushing rod with a flange at the outer end replaces a tip of the pushing mechanism, a gland is connected to the flange in the mode that an opening is outward, and the gland and the motor shell are the same in inner diameter. The pushing mechanism pushes the motor shell in the stator direction, the stator of a motor is pressed into the motor shell, cold pressing assembling of the motor shell and the stator is achieved, and machining is carried out after assembling is completed. The machine tool fixture has the advantages that assembling of the motor shell and the stator and machining of specific positions are completed on one device, the production efficiency is improved, and the cost for heating devices and sites is reduced.


This paper reviews neurophysiological research (EEG, event-related potential, cerebral blood flow, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and neurochemical) that supports the proposal that hypnotic analgesia is an active inhibitory process involving several brain systems mediating attentional and nociceptive processes. Even though the processes of hypnotic analgesia may be dissociated from conscious awareness and appear to be beyond volitional control, it is proposed that hypnotic analgesia depends on the activation of a supervisory, attention control system -involving the anterior frontal cortex- which then participates with other cortical and subcortical systems in the allocation of thalamocortical activities. Hypnotic analgesia affects the active allocation of attention and disattention associated with the anterior frontal region, as well as spatio-temporal aspects pain perception associated with the posterior cortical systems.


Aim. Investigate the effect of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in planta on seed tying and the frequency of transformation in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). To analyze changes in the level of free L-proline (Pro) in transformed and control seedlings under normal / stress conditions and productivity indicators of biotechnological plants (T1) under normal growing conditions. Methods. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in planta; PCR analysis, DNA electrophoresis; determination of seed tying frequency and transformation, Pro content, yield structure indicators. Results. Obtained transgenic wheat plants. The level of Pro in the tested variants under normal / stress conditions and indicators of T1 productivity of plants and their initial form under optimal water supply were studied. Conclusions. The susceptibility of the studied wheat genotypes to agrobacterial infection is shown. The frequency of seed tying after genetic transformation was 12.7 % and 5.4 % for plants of UK 106/19 and UK 171/19h, respectively. Transgenic seedlings had elevated levels of Pro. Complete incorporation of the vector construct was identified in 14 and 11 variants of genotypes UK 161/19 and UK 171/19h, respectively. Control and T1 biotechnological plants under normal growing conditions had similar yields.


Objective: Atherosclerosis is associated with arterial stiffness and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, the relationships between the augmentation index measured at the radial artery (RaAIx) and LV diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic high risk patients without ASCVD has not been fully established. Figure. No caption available. Design and method: Five hundred and thirty-two statin-naïve patients (male: female ratio 230:302, mean age 56.0 ± 9.2 years) without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) were enrolled from subjects who simultaneously received transthoracic echocardiography and non-invasively semiautomated radial artery applanation tonometry (using an Omron HEM-9000AI) in the Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, from July 2011 to May 2014. Results: Two hundred and thirteen subjects (male: female ratio 131:82, mean age 58.6 ± 9.6 years) were categorized as the statin benefit group according to the 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines for blood cholesterol treatment, and the remainder were placed in the non-benefit control group. The statin benefit group had significantly higher left ventricular (LV) mass index and early diastolic mitral annular velocity (Em) than the non-statin benefit group. RaAIx and central blood pressure (SBP2) were significantly associated with Em and E/Em in the statin benefit group without ASCVD (Figure). Differences in peripheral and central systolic BP was significantly associated with only Em (r = 0.291, p = 0.009) in the statin benefit group without ASCVD. Conclusions: There are significant relationships between a surrogate marker of arterial stiffness measured at the radial artery and LV diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic high risk patients without ASCVD.


Peat swamp forests in Southeast Asia are under heavy pressure. Deforestation, forest degradation, wildfires, and drainage have damaged or destroyed substantial areas of the once extensive peat swamp forest formations. Several efforts are underway to rehabilitate degraded peat forests areas in order to restore some of the valuable ecosystem services these forested areas once provided. However, these efforts often result in (mixed)-plantations that only partly resemble the original peat forests. Information about these peat swamp forests' complex origin and ecology is needed to improve restoration outcomes further. Our paper analyses historical data from coastal peat swamp forests in Sarawak and Brunei and discusses the potential to use this as the reference value for intact peat forests. We describe the observed stand structure and species composition for pristine peat swamp forest, and we analyze the population structure of three dominant peat swamp forest species: Gonystylus bancanus (ramin), Dactylocladus stenostachys (jongkong) and Shorea albida (alan batu). We compare the historical data with data from recently measured, degraded peat swamp forests. We discuss our results in relation to processes of peat dome formation, nutrient availability and hydrology, and give recommendations for peat swamp forest management and restoration.


This paper reviewed the historical background,summarized the main problems and achievement of Tianba Village,Fenggang County during 3 years of new village construction project.The paper also proposed suggestions for future new village construction,and it could be used as reference.


This paper presents a new method for minimum loss reconfiguration for radial power distribution system, in which the choice of the switches to be opened / closed is based on the calculation of voltage at the buses, real and reactive power flowing through lines, real power losses and voltage deviation, using distribution load flow (DLF) program. In the process of load flow calculation, two developed matrices bus injection to bus current (BIBC) and branch current to bus voltage (BCBV), and a simple matrix multiplication are used to obtain load flow solutions. A 33-bus radial distribution test system is taken as a study system for performing the test. The results reveal the speed and the effectiveness of the proposed method for solving the problem.


In this article we propose a method to estimate the distance to the camera of a human subject from a monocular image without restricting the orientation of the head. The inter pupillary distance of the subject is used as anchor to estimate the size of pixels in the plane of the subject and the distance to the camera is recovered from this measurement. The inter pupillary distance in the image is estimated by using a learning-based approach that detects the head of the subject and estimates the orientation of the head with respect to the optical axis of the camera. It also proposes a method to estimate the pupillary distance from 2 images. The proposed approaches are validated by comparing the recovered distance to the real distance obtained with an OptiTrack motion-capture system. It is demonstrated that using the proposed algorithm allows a more robust estimation of the distance regardless of the head rotation.


Building on the success of the first Musical Theatre workbook, this text develops students' skills in acting, dancing and singing, preparing them for entry into the profession. Filled with imaginative practical and theoretical exercises, it enables readers to structure their time and hone their skills in order to achieve their full potential.

Drawing on the work of leading choreographers, directors and writers, this book reveals the anatomy of musical theatre and offers inspiration, challenges and companionship along the path to success in performance.


The correct function of a flanged joint in a given construction (flanges, bolts) and with given loads (pressure, temperature, additional forces) depends on the following: (1) choice of the gasket for the operation environment; (2) determination of the gasket stress for assembly conditions; and (3) gasket stress in operation, i.e., the conditions when leakage has to be minimized. For the correct choice of a gasket it is necessary to have gasket factors available, as given by DIN 28090 (Sept. 95) together with the test procedures. These gasket factors determine the tightening characteristics as well as the deformation capability of the gaskets. Furthermore, these gasket factors must be available for use in calculations. On the basis of calculations a stress analysis (i.e. a limitation of the stresses in flanges and bolts) must be possible as well as the determination of the bolt forces for the assembly state and of the gasket stress for operating conditions. This is one of the goals of the standard pr DIN EN 1591. The paper first introduces the actual European standards. Calculations are reviewed using test data from special test rigs and from real flanged joints. The calculations were made according to DIN 2505 (initial Germanmore » standard for flanged joints) and pr DIN EN 1591. Additionally, 2D and 3D Finite Element analysis calculations were performed.« less


Review of: Joan Crawford: The Essential Biography, Lawrence J. Quirk and William Schoell (2021)
 Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 344 pp.,
 ISBN: 9780813180496 (pbk), $24.95


FOR MORE THAN A DECADE, human services professionals have been increasingly concerned about morale problems, especially burnout, among human services workers. Despite these concerns and the profession's increased awareness of the need to investigate job satisfaction, a literature review of the major social work journals revealed that no studies have been published that focus upon the job satisfaction of Hispanics. Some basic questions, to which we have no answers, arise. For example, are Hispanic human services employees as satisfied with their jobs as are other employees? Is their satisfaction influenced by factors similar to those that influence job satisfaction among non-Hispanics, or are the factors different? How do Hispanics fare in the human services? Do they earn as much money as do others, or are they disproportionately represented in lower-paying and lesser-status jobs? If income differences exist, can they be explained by differences in education, job tenure, and so forth, or does onthe-job discrimination against Hispanics exist? The present article attempts to answer these questions.


Studies on the costs of soundproofing of existing structures and new structures, soundproofing requirements for new buildings, and the reaction of property owners are discussed with reference to example cases. Comments are made on the significance of sound levels, and it is observed that if land development cost does not decrease in proportion to the density loss, the offset must occur in either decreased net to land or lowered profit ratios. The most rapid analysis of these perimeters is obtained via the computer, which is the most satisfactory tool provided that the program has the required flexibility. In the area of government controls, appraisers should be cautious in accepting local agency officials opinions regarding the amount of control they can exercise. The fact that a property or areas is situated near a noise source is not prima facie evidence of loss in value, and the appraiser will have to find valid methods of accurately measuring value loss. Particular attention should be given to the ambient noise levels in affected areas since response to aircraft or any noise source may be effectively diluted when people are generally used to unusually high noise levels. Similar close examination of sales data is required in most appraisals.


A new dual MRI/SPECT pH-responsive agent where the SPECT active moiety acts as reporter of the concentration making it possible to exploit the responsiveness of the MRI probe.


During the 2011 LHC run it was found that beaminduced heating causes many issues for accelerator components. Particularly some of the double-bellow modules, called VMTSA modules, were found to have deformed RF fingers and a broken spring, which had ensured good contact between them and a central insert. Impedance studies have been performed for different types of nonconformities. It was found that even a small gap between the fingers and a central insert could be fatal for the VMTSA operation. Results of this study were an input for the further thermal analysis. INTRODUCTION Beam-induced heating has been observed in several accelerator components during the 2011 LHC run. In particular eight bellows, out of the ten double-bellows modules (called VMTSA) present in the machine, were found with the spring, which should keep the RF fingers in good electrical contact with the central insert, broken, see Fig. 1. Sliding contacts in these modules were designed to allow a lateral movement of several millimetres for the nearby two-beam collimators. Figure 1: Conforming RF fingers as installed in the VMTSA module (view from beam-pipe at left) and X-ray image of the deformed fingers (right). In 2012 all the VMTSA's have been replaced with the ones equipped with shorter RF fingers (see Fig. 2) and there are plans to remove all of them after the LHC long shutdown in 2013-2014 along with the 2 beam collimators. At the same time the LHC RF fingers taskforce has been established to review the design of all components of the LHC equipped with RF fingers [1]. In particular, as the follow-up to the VMTSA issues, impedance studies presented in this paper have been performed for the module. GEOMETRY AND 3D MODEL Simplified VMTSA models have been recreated in CST [2] based on the mechanical drawings for the old (longer) and new (shorter) RF fingers, see Fig. 2. Figure 2: Longitudinal sections of the VMTSA module equipped with the longer RF fingers (top) and shorter RF fingers (bottom). Conforming case. There are many different ways to model loss of a contact between the finger and a central insert. A quick way to do that was a slight deformation of the bottom part of the elliptical beam-pipe so that the attached fingers do not touch the central insert anymore, see Fig. 3 bottom. A more advanced way is to introduce a gap rotating each finger separately around the edge, see Fig. 3 top, so that the gap size and shape are comparable with what we could see on the X-ray image in Fig. 1. Figure 3: Longitudinal sections of the VMTSA module equipped with the longer RF fingers (top) and shorter RF fingers (bottom). Loss of contact. TIME DOMAIN SIMULATIONS CST Particle Studio [2] was used to perform simulations in time domain. Since we're mostly interested in the power losses in the module we set a magnetic Proceedings of IPAC2013, Shanghai, China TUPWA043 01 Circular and Linear Colliders A01 Hadron Colliders ISBN 978-3-95450-122-9 1805 C op yr ig ht c ○ 20 13 by JA C oW — cc C re at iv e C om m on sA tt ri bu tio n 3. 0 (C C -B Y3. 0) boundary condition on the symmetry plane, open boundary at the both ends of the beam-pipe and finite conductivity condition (copper) for the outer walls, see Fig. 4. We also set up a particle source exactly in the middle of the beam-pipe. Figure 4: Time domain simulation setup of VMTSA equipped with the longer deformed RF fingers. Results of the simulations are presented in Figs. 5 and 6. It is demonstrated that conforming longer RF fingers have almost no impedance for the beam while the gap of 30 mm introduces several dangerous modes below 1.5 GHz. Figure 5: Longitudinal wake potential for conforming fingers (blue) and 30mm deformation (green). Figure 6: Longitudinal wake impedance for conforming fingers (blue) and 30mm deformation (green). In order to calculate the power losses coming from the modes a dedicated impedance study has been performed in the frequency domain and the formula presented in the next section has been used. POWER LOSS CALCULATION Based on the general formula from [3] we derived the one for a sharp resonance [4] to estimate the power losses:


Among the OSD data stored in the memory it is actually provided with a plurality of OSD OSD processor that can process only the OSD data corresponding to the windows, respectively, and OSD data processing method is shown in the display. Claim for storing coordinates of the plurality of OSD window to OSD processor will first be shown in accordance with the ranking according to the invention 1FIFO; First OSD for storing OSD data to be shown on the screen according to priority FIFO; Video FIFO for storing the video data used as background; Reads out the OSD data corresponding to the coordinates do not overlap of the OSD window stored in said first 1FIFO portion from a predetermined memory, and stores the read OSD data to the OSD FIFO, and reads the video data from the memory a memory controller for storing the read video data to the video FIFO; And receiving the OSD data and the video data stored in the video FIFO FIFO and stored in the OSD, the OSD data is mixed with the video data, and a blending circuit for outputting the mixed result.


The topics discussed at the WIRM-V meeting were very broad and interesting, covering a wide field in immunology. Since it is impossible to summarize everything, I will discuss the influence of diet and intestinal flora on immune responses, as this was a recurrent subject throughout the meeting. I will summarize a few presentations (given by E.G. Pamer, C. MacKay, D.R. Littman, Y. Belkaid, R. Maizel, M. Geuking) that were most interesting in relation to my own research, which is about the intestinal immune system and food allergy.