1. Inhaled particles comprising a stabilized anhydrous amorphous form of tiotropium and a stabilizing agent which is a derivative of sugar. ! 2. Respirable particles according to claim 1, wherein the tiotropium comprises tiotropium bromide. ! 3. Respirable particles according to claim 1, wherein the derivative of sugar is lactose. ! 4. Respirable particles of claim 1 having a mean aerodynamic particle size of not more than 10 microns. ! 5. Respirable particles according to claim 1, wherein a stabilized anhydrous amorphous form of tiotropium with a stabilizing agent comprises a matrix in which tiotropium dispersed at the molecular level. ! 6. Respirable particles according to claim 1, wherein a stabilized anhydrous amorphous form of tiotropium with a stabilizing agent comprises amorphous tiotropium dispersed at the surface of a stabilizing agent. ! 7. Respirable particles according to claim 1, wherein the particles are mixed with one or more coarse excipients having a mean particle size of from 15 microns to 250 microns. ! 8. Respirable particles according to claim 7, wherein the filler is a coarse lactose. ! 9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising respirable particles of claim 5. ! 10. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 9, wherein the content of tiotropium base ranges from 0.02% to 0.8%. ! 11. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 9 in the form of a capsule for inhalation. ! 12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the capsule comprises hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose. ! 13. A process for preparing inhalable particles according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: a) dissolving or dispersing the stabilizing agent in a volatile water-miscible solvent to form a solution or suspension; ! b) dissolving a tiotropium salt, or a SOLV


Data on dynamics of fibrin formation in blood plasma were obtained by multiple estimation of fibrinogene by Bidwell's method. Underestimated content of fibrinogene in blood plasma within 1 hr after the beginning of the experiment was apparently due to formation of complexes of heparin and fibrinogene. After destruction of the complexes the newly liberated fibrinogene caused gradual increase in the clot weight. Addition of heparin to blood plasma increased binding of fibrinogene in the clot.


The invention discloses a method for preparing solvent type nano far infrared syrup. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) weighing far infrared powder with particle size of between 10 and 50 microns, a ball milling medium and a solvent respectively according to a mass ratio of 1: (4-6): (1.86-9), and pouring the materials into a ball milling tank; (2) weighing a dispersion agent, namely polyether modified ethylcyclotrisiloxane, with the mass percentage of between 2 and 8 percent of the far infrared powder, pouring the dispersion agent into the ball milling tank and sealing the ball milling tank; and (3) putting the ball milling tank on a basket-type grinding machine at a rotating speed of between 400 and 1,500 rpm for dispersively grinding for 8 to 24 hours to prepare the solvent type nano far infrared syrup with the primary particle size of between 10 and 25 nanometers. The solvent type nano far infrared syrup prepared by using the method has the characteristics of thin particles, high stability and the like and is easy to disperse.


Fragmented spinach chloroplasts were stored for one year in 0.5 M sucrose at −40 °C. with almost negligible losses of photochemical activity. Thawed chloroplasts and freshly isolated chloroplasts showed similar rates of deterioration at 10 °C. Washed chloroplasts did not show as high retention of activity during low temperature storage as crude chloroplast suspensions. High retentions of activity were observed with chloroplasts from different plant species, as well as with different oxidants. The activities of subsamples that were frozen and thawed in a standard way agreed within 5%. Deterioration during lyophilization of chloroplasts occurred chiefly during the early stages of drying, and was lessened by sucrose. The stability of lyophilized chloroplasts in storage varied directly with the degree of desiccation and inversely with the storage temperature; little deterioration occurred in thoroughly dried chloroplasts during lengthy storage at or below 5 °C.


The Bankruptcy Proceedings Code of Ukraine provides for the possibility of imposing liability under the obligations of the debtor – a legal person on the founders (stakeholders, shareholders) or other persons who have the right to give mandatory instructions to the debtor or have the opportunity to otherwise determine his actions. As a result, "comfortable" organizational forms of companies, such as LLCs and JSCs, have become risky for investors; managers, who may be employees, bear risk too. The article analyzes the legislation of the EU and some EU member states (Germany, France, Spain, the Netherlands, Latvia, Romania), concerning the liability of individuals in insolvency proceedings. We find that the rules on such liability are not harmonized at the EU level; as for individual countries, their laws do provide for the possibility of holding both de jure and de facto directors, whereas the latter may include the founders (stakeholders, shareholders) of the company, for the debts of the company. At the same time, the legislation of European countries describes in great detail the conditions and procedure for imposing such liability, which makes the risks for the individuals concerned predictable. Moreover, special rules on liability in insolvency proceedings are systematically linked to the provisions of company law, which establish the obligation of directors to act with due diligence in the interests of the company and liability for knowingly making business transactions with the knowledge that the company is insolvent (wrongful trading). In Ukraine, there are absolutely no specific legal provisions on the conditions and procedure for holding even de jure directors to liable in insolvency proceedings, not to mention the founders (stakeholders, shareholders) of companies, which creates a situation of legal uncertainty. To eliminate it, the legislation of Ukraine should define: the range of individuals on whom such liability may be imposed; a specific list of actions, the commission of which may give rise to liability; the need to prove the guilt of such individuals; forms of guilt sufficient to be held liable (only intent or also negligence); procedural rules for establishing guilt, including the issue of the burden of proof; who may lay claim to a director (insolvency administrator, creditor, court); statutes of limitations on the liability of directors, etc.


Current research pays special attention to the application of approaches that promote sustainable design in a built environment and ensure energy efficiency. In this context, the form of housing buildings is an important parameter that has a meaningful impact on the use of energy in housing buildings. Hence, this research attempts to study the impact of the form of housing buildings on energy efficiency taking into account the mid-hot weather conditions in one of the middle-income housing buildings in new communities in Egypt. To achieve the research aim, a comparative analysis is carried out using parametric numerical analysis—DesignBuilder energy analysis—to compare the various hypothetical proposals for different building configurations. The study determines that the efficiency of energy use in buildings depends to a large extent on their forms that will help urban designers and planners to propose the best energy performance in the form of housing buildings in the stage of conceptual design suitable for other environmental, social and economic urban planning issues. These results should be incorporated into the building codes adopted in Egypt's new cities in order to reach more energy-efficient housing buildings in Egypt.


Two basic questions lay at the heart of AEM surveys, one concerning the basic physics of the process, the other the interpreter's capability. Is the equipment capable of exciting the target to the extent that it will produce a detectable signal above background response? Can the presence of a target be deduced from this signal? This study examines the response of a 400 siemen sulphide lens in an altered ultramafic lying at the boundary of a faulted host under a moderately conductive saprolite cover. In the easy case, the surface is flat and in the other, the whole lies under moderately steep topography. The study compares the ability of fixed wing time-domain, helicopter time-domain and helicopter frequency-domain systems to differentiate between when the lens target is present and when it is absent. Constant receiver ground clearance is assumed. In general the effect of the lens was to smooth the response horizontally so that a naive interpreter might mistake the barren response for the target response and vice versa. For the time-domain systems, the vertical component showed the greatest differentiation whereas the in-phase, in-line coaxial component was the most effective for the idealised HEM system. HEM systems showed better anomaly localisation than did fixed wing systems due to shorter transmitter-receiver separation and lower flying heights. Conductivity depth images and other interpretations based on one-dimensional earth models yield misleading information for the type of model studied.


This content analysis shows the number of international news items in the New York Times has decreased over the last 22 years. Roughly one in five items contained second-hand or borrowed news (material first disseminated by and attributed to another news organization), though trend analysis indicates increasing news borrowing. Borrowed news was most common in items from Second World (Communist) nations, but the proportion has dropped significantly during the ′80s. Third World borrowed news continues to increase significantly.


The research was done at XO Men's Wears in Pontianak. In this study aims to determine the influence of Quality Service and Quality Products to Customer Satisfaction, Where is the independent variable that consists of a variable Quality Service and Quality Products variable on the dependent variable Customer Satisfaction. The research sample is 100 respondents. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, the sampling is with specified criteria . The customers was at least 17 years old, residents of the Pontianak city and ever make a purchase. The analysis was performed by using multiple linear regression. The results of analysis first hypothesis is accepted with the t-tes is 2.372 greater than t table. Thus, the Service Quality positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction. In the second hypothesis was also accepted with the t-test value is 3.731 greater than t table. Thus, product quality significant and positive impac t on customer satisfaction. The results of the analysis of the coefficient of determination (R) is 66.70% with variable customer satisfaction can be explained by the variation of the variable Service Quality and Product Quality variable, while 33.30% is explained by other variables that not included in this research . Keywords: Quality Service, Quality Products, Customer Satisfaction


as the critical year" for new developments in the Health Service and also as "a turning point." The new arrangements in general practice came into being and do indeed offer a better framework in which to practise medicine. But among the outstanding problems remaining are the closer co-ordination of the different branches of medical practice and improvement in the opportunities for postgraduate and continuing education. The justifiable complaint is still prevalent among registrars that training for a consultant career is overwhelmed by the provision of care of patients. Sir George criticizes the arrangement of hospital staffs in " firms " as tending to preserve " the wasteful, inalienable ownership of hospital beds by individual consultants." He complains that last year's report on management functions of hospital doctors produced by the Advisory Committee on Management Efficiency2 seems to have had less attention than it deserved-but this may be because it did not inspire the confidence of some of the readers to whom it was directed. The general pattern that Sir George outlines is of large district hospitals (" we are still struggling with several times as many hospitals as we need ") linked with groups of general practitioners, mainly in health centres, working in close partnership with hospital specialists. In an increasingly urban population such arrangements seem likely to be a natural development. Though Sir George reports that " Broadly the health record of the year was favourable," it is evident from a later section of the report that Britain's health is not all it should be. Despite the risks of drawing conclusions from international comparisons of statistics it is impossible to dismiss as of no consequence Britain's relatively poor showing in this respect. The Ministry has ranked a number of developed countries by standardized death rate, late foetal death rate (stillbirths), infant mortality rate, and maternal mortality rate combined. In this list the United Kingdom comes eighth, bracketed with the U.S.A., despite its very different arrangements for medical care. Countries with better health statistics are, in order of ranking, Sweden, Switzerland, Australia, Netherlands, Canada, Czechoslovakia, and Belgium. Though such facilities as the health services of these countries provide are only part of the explanation for their ranking in the league table, any judgement on the N.H.S. must take account of the U.K.'s relatively low position. Are its priorities right ? is a question that has been asked before.


on wet stream bottoms, Tsuga-Pinus on wet to mesic stream terraces, mixed mesophytic species within a mesic upland cove, and mixed Quercus on mesic to dry upland slopes. Based on tree recruitment and radial growth patterns, low-intensity exogenous disturbances occurred every 30-60 yr during the presettlement era. Extensive logging during the mid- I 840s was evident throughout the area, and, along with subsequent disturbances, had a profound effect on current forest composition and structure. Tree species responded differently to major anthropogenic disturbance, in terms of growth rate and canopy positioning. In general, Pinus strobus L., Liriodendron tulipifera L. and Quercus responded favorably to disturbance, whereas Acer, Betula alleghaniensis Britton and Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr recovered more slowly. Current forest age structures reflect different disturbance patterns and rates of recovery, and were categorized as either even-aged, uneven-aged consisting of 2 distinct even-aged cohorts, or uneven-aged with extended recruitment (multiple small-scale disturbances). Successional patterns currently exhibited in all forests may be drastically altered in the future from overbrowsing by whitetailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and/or intense shrub competition on tree regeneration.


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now become a worldwide health concern. The severity of COVID-19 has been classified as mild, moderate, severe and critical [1]. To date, there have been a few studies focused on the clinical course and outcome of critical cases [2–4]. However, information regarding outcomes of mild-to-moderate cases is lacking, despite the fact that mild-to-moderate cases have accounted for approximately 80% of laboratory-confirmed patients [1, 5]. This study aimed to investigate short-term outcomes of patients rated with different severities on admission, and to identify risk factors for progression, thereby helping the management of COVID-19 in clinical practice. With a median (IQR) follow-up time of 24.0 (17.5–30.0) days, progression occurred in 19.6% moderate, 27.8% severe and 66.7% critical COVID-19. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥2.973, age ≥50 years, male sex and comorbidity were associated with progression. https://bit.ly/3crsJr0


To the Editor—In their article on the surgical treatment of anal condylomata acuminata, Colombo-Benkmann et al. conclude that the harmonic scalpel (HS) is an effective and safe option for treating anal condylomata without recurrent warts, and they suggest that no complications or unsatisfactory cosmesis occur after use of the device. Because condylomata are warty growths caused by a cutaneous infection, the aim is to excise only the cutaneous layer. How effective the technique is may depend more on the surgeon's ability than on the HS. The risk of postintervention incontinence is associated mainly with incorrect surgical procedure rather than with use of the HS. Anal stricture formation results from extension of intra-anal condylomata and an overly aggressive surgical approach. The series included only four cases of intra-anal condylomata, without specifying their extension, so it is difficult to conclude whether HS could reduce this complication. The onset of superinfection of anal scars is a rare complication, and the findings in 11 patients are not enough to conclude that it can be reduced with the use of HS. Furthermore, the median duration of follow-up was not mentioned. Recurrences of up to 40% have been reported. That HS could reduce these rates considerably is unlikely. Moreover, the cost of the HS is justified only after evidence for a reduction in complications and recurrences has been demonstrated. Eleven cases of the most frequent sexually transmitted infection are probably not sufficient to draw a definitive conclusion; instead, a randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm the results reported by the authors.


This study focuses on the development of ecological design-oriented method for folk food products in China. As special food form, folk foods, with features of rich content, flexibility, scientificity, interestingness, entertainment and randomness, play an important guiding role in physical, intellectual, moral and aesthetic development of children. Oriented by ecological design, with the purpose of protecting and inheriting folk foods products, this study presents the design and research of folk foods on the basis of the concept of ecological design. Based on the protection of intangible cultural heritage and combined with the development goal of contemporary China, it demonstrates the importance of folk foods systematically and explores the sustainable development of ecological design-oriented folk food product design. The research is of great significance to children's future growth and to intangible culture protection and inheritance of folk foods.


Purpose – Organic food represents the fastest growing sector in the food market, with outstanding performance in both production and sales. However, existing studies on organic food have lacked a strong theoretical foundation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships among purchase intention and the properties, certification mechanisms, retail channels, and prices of organic food from multiple theoretical perspectives. Design/methodology/approach – Using a rigorous sampling design, 507 valid questionnaires collected from consumers at four well-known organic food markets, and the hypotheses were tested based on a linear structural equation model. Findings – The results of the structural equation model analysis showed the following: consumer attitudes toward organic food labeling/certification institutions had a positive impact on the trust in food labeling; channel dependence positively influenced the relational embeddedness in a channel; the effect of the nutritional value of organic ...


A patient had a malignant tumor metastatic to the subcutaneous tissues of the chest, over which telangectasia developed after partial biopsy. A possible cause is mentioned.


The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) such as neck and shoulder pain is high in computer users (Cook, Burgess-Limerick, & Chang, 2000; Griffiths, Mackey, Adamson, & Pepper, 2012; Mohammad, Hamza, & ElSais, 2015; Mohan, Justine, Jagannathan, Bt Aminudin, & Bt Johari, 2015). Although much attention is given to reducing MSD through a range of workplace programs, our efforts have met with inconsistent outcomes (Brewer et al., 2006; Kennedy et al., 2010). Posture is considered to be an independent risk factor of modest magnitude for MSDs among computer users (Ariens et al., 2001; Cote et al., 2009; Gerr, Marcus, & Monteilh, 2004). Given the relationship between posture and MSD, exploring new strategies to modify postural behaviour in computer users is warranted.; Submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science (Research), University of the Sunshine Coast, 2016.


Kalypso white paper on how to develop a comprehensive product lifecycle management (PLM) strategy to drive the most value within your organization.


A large, multi-basin, reservoir (Garza-Little Elm Reservoir) in north central Texas was studied to determine the relative effects of various parameters on primary productivity. The basins were impounded several years apart,thus allowing the influence of age on water chemistry and biota to be considered. Another principal influence on water quality was secondary sewage effluent that entered one basin from a nearby source.


Recent studies reported that gray partridge (Perdix perdix) populations have declined throughout Europe and Asia. Gray partridge on the Palouse Prairie of Washington also have been reported to be in decline. Therefore, we analyzed densities of gray partridge on the Palouse Prairie of Washington to determine long-term population trends (1940-92). We also tested for density dependence in recruitment and fall-and-winter mortality rates and attempted to relate annual variation in recruitment and mortality to weather and habitat variables. Spring and/or fall estimates of density were available for 33 of 53 years and varied from 1.3 to 23.2 birds/km 2 in the spring and from 0.1 to 28.6 birds/km 2 in the fall. The population's return point from 1940 to 1954 was 3.45 birds/km 2 versus 6.72 birds/km 2 from 1982 to 1992, indicating that density was higher in the more recent period. Surprisingly, this result contrasts with a series of reports that indicated that the population was in serious decline. We detected density-dependent effects on recruitment rate, fall-and-winter mortality rate, and annual change in population size. Density dependence had the strongest effects on recruitment rate. Recruitment rate averaged 1.55 (SE = 0.27) but ranged widely (0.38-3.38). Fall-and-winter mortality averaged 0.29 (SE = 0.06). We were not able to explain variation in population-growth rate or fall-and-winter mortality rate using habitat and/or weather variables (P > 0.11). Under current habitat conditions, density typically will be 6.7 birds/km 2 in the spring and 10.4 birds/km 2 in the fall and can be expected to vary markedly independent of density. By combining available datasets, we developed a lengthy time series adequate for investigating long-term population dynamics. Such an approach may be possible and informative for other populations.


The objective of the article is to develop a system of principles and methods aimed at improving management of transport flows on the street and road network of a large city with traffic lights regulation. The suggested methodology is based on the methods used in Russia and abroad to improve road traffic safety and quality, results of a survey of experts in the field of road design and traffic management, monitoring at regulated crossings, and analysis of road accidents in the city of Volgograd. The primary customer property of a regulated crossing is road safety. Elimination of causes of road traffic accidents associated with road traffic, structural geometric, signalling, and technical conditions is the most important task regarding a regulated crossing. Enhancing road traffic quality at low levels of network load supposed considering demand for transportation, increase in travel comfort, coordination, and flexibility of traffic lights operation. High degree of network load supposes that more attention is paid to traffic capacity of the street and road network elements, restrained access of vehicles to areas of greater congestion, increased duration of a green light cycle (for more than 120 seconds, if this does not affect traffic safety and network congestion degree).


The genomic mechanism of steroid hormone action has been widely accepted in endocrinology. But there art- difficulties in interpreting the rapid action of steroid hormone on nervous system. The non-genomic mode of glucocorticoid (GC) action was raised in 1987, which proposed that GC acted on the membrane receptor of the neu-non A series of experiments showed that through the non-genomic mechanism, GC could depress the excitability, in-hibit the secretion, and augment the uptake of glutamate of neurons. The effects are mediated by the proposed mem-brane recepror of GC. the existence of which was substantiated by electrophysiological, biochemical, and morphological evidences


Jungganbo is a writing method for the Korean traditional music. Since writing the Korean music needs to be done by hand and Chinese characters are used, only an expert musician might handle Jungganbo. In this paper, an authoring software tool for Jungganbo is introduced. It is useful for anybody who wants to compose the Korean tradition music with a computer. This tool also enables to standardize writing techniques of Jungganbo because a musical score was done by hands without using an authoring tool. In addition, this authoring tool can be easily used since its environment is very similar to other windows-based programs such as Ms-word and Hwp. Not only the beginners but also the experts can use this authoring tool for their Korean traditional music writing easily.


A coplanar waveguide (CPW) phase shifter was proposed, which was double periodically loaded with BST capacitors. The impedance matching problem was well solved in the phase shifter designed using this unique structure. In the whole operation frequency range, the local return loss maxima of the phase shifter appear at more or less the same level. A CPW wide band phase shifter loaded with interdigitated BST capacitors was designed and fabricated on MgO substrate coated with BST thin film. Measured results show that its return loss is –15 dB at 0~15 GHz, and 14.5 GHz, its differential phase shift is 35o under 30 V applied bias voltage.


Aim to solve the problem of over-dependence on dynamics model and low tracking accuracy of robotic manipulators under uncertainties and backlash hysteresis, an adaptive continuous nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode controller combining time delay estimation (TDE) and prescribed performance control (PPC) is formulated. Firstly, TDE is applied to estimate the model information and external disturbances, so that the dynamics model of robotic manipulators is simplified into a local model. Then, an adaptive terminal sliding mode controller is established based on the local model and PPC, which solves the singularity problem of traditional terminal sliding mode and improves the transient and steady-state performance of robotic manipulators. Next, by combining the reaching law with the adaptive term, robotic manipulators achieve favorable tracking performance, fast convergence time, and chattering suppression under complex disturbances. And the Lyapunov theory is applied to prove that the robotic manipulators can reach the steady state in finite time. Meanwhile, a saturation compensator is formulated to settle actuator saturation and the compensator can converge within a finite time. Finally, the simulation is applied to verify the formulated control strategy can effectively improve the tracking performance and enhance the robustness against disturbances.


The theory of the evolution of quantitative traits is a topic, which has generated a lot of interest in recent years due to experimental data becoming much more easily available. With experimental methods increasingly able to measure systemsbiological amounts of data, theory needs to go beyond the so far established independent evolution of quantitative traits. This thesis investigates the asexual evolution of quantitative traits in two scopes. In the small scope we look at a single quantitative trait being influenced by external adaptation in genetically linked parts of the genome. In the grand, systems-biology scope we look at the whole organism with multiple linked quantitative traits. The statistics of a quantitative trait are negatively influenced by external linkage effects, where the effect can be described by a single parameter, the neutrality threshold. For the systemsbiological scope we study the effect of joint linkage on traits with biophysical fitness landscapes. The surprising result, due to this phenotypic interference, is a faster-than-linear increase of the genetic load with the number of co-evolving phenotypes. As a consequence, this provides us with a biophysically grounded explanation for the evolution of sex. The negative effects of linkage on adaptation and adaptability link these topics together with a chapter on Mendelian traits in asexual genomes. There we focus on the decreased ability to retain information in large, fast adapting genomes. Additionally, we find a new class of punctuated fitness waves, where periods of maintainance of function are interrupted by bursts of adaptation.


A comparative study on 195 throchanttric hip fractures treated Esther by Ender's mailing (112 cases) and slidding screw-plate (83 cases) were performed. There were no statistically significant differences between the two techniques regarding blood loosening. The slidding screw-plate showed better functional results, except in cases over 80 years old where both techniques were found to be similar. Ender's nailing disclosed a higher number of mechanical and reoperations.


In order to promote and improve the rational flow of athletes in table tennis super league club with China's specific national conditions and the characteristics of the table tennis projects,we should establish modern enterprise system with the characteristics of table tennis clubs with the two-track system,there will be a league as a whole separate set aside.We will explore table tennis club super league players within the system of free movement and properly coordinate the flow of the relationship between the main body.


There is provided a method to device or control device actuates the release device for the occupant protection means, at least two switches (high side, low side) is activated for containing the following steps (Release, voltage supply unit at least one release means (U .FIELD 1


Abstract Experiments alleged to confirm the absolute speed of light by Sadeh, Fillipas and Fox, and those done at CERN on the emission of gamma rays by high speed particles are shown to be inconclusive. These experiments have been interpreted quantitatively on the basis of an "extinction" hypothesis formulated by J. G. Fox for which there is no experimental confirmation or denial. Rather than confirming the absolute speed of light, these null result experiments can also be regarded as merely showing the obliteration of the relative speed of light as it propagates through various media.


It is difficult to find suitable volunteering opportunities in pathology. We are not exactly trained to do cleft lip or cataract surgery, nor equipped to provide emergency care in battlefields and disaster situations. Pathologists Overseas (PO) is one of those rare organizations that fills this need for the anatomic pathologists to volunteer their services in resourcepoor countries. Pathologists Overseas was founded in 1991 by Dr Heinz Hoenecke and a handful of retired and practicing pathologists. Since then it has grown to a modest size of 50+ volunteers not only from USA but also other countries including Canada, Australia and India. The primary goal of PO is to help the hospitals and universities in resource-poor countries to establish working diagnostic tissue pathology laboratories, initiate pathology training programs for local physicians and provide back up cover and training for the local pathologists. The volunteers in PO range from retired and community practicing pathologists to those in academic centers, as well as senior residents in pathology training programs, supervising histotechnologists and cytotechnologists. To date, PO has established laboratories in Kenya, Eritrea, Madagascar, started teaching programs in Madagascar and Ghana, provided coverage local pathologists in Nepal, St Lucia, provided cytology supervision in Bhutan, clinical laboratory supervision in Eritrea, and has recently started planning similar work in Peru and El Salvador. Interested pathologists are requested to contact firstname.lastname@example.com for further information. Since January of 2008, PO has started working in Ghana with the help and support from the Ghanaian Health Ministry and the local hospital authorities. As a PO volunteer pathologist I had the privilege of working in Ghana for a month. The main goal is to rejuvenate the surgical pathology department and, with the help of the hospital and the university, initiate a pathology residency program in the main 1000+ bed Komofo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in Kumasi, the second largest city in central Ghana. KATH is associated with one of the only two medical schools in Ghana and is the main health-care provider of the entire northern part of the country. Despite a large volume of tertiary care patients, the hospital has not had a viable surgical pathology service in the past. Occasional tissues needing pathology examination have been sent to the capital city Accra or abroad in UK or Norway with a turnaround time for pathology reports of 6 months or more! Ghana is a small country in West Africa, the size of Oregon, sandwiched between Togo in the east, Ivory Coast (Cote D'Ivoire) in the west, Burkina Faso in the north and the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic) in the south. The coastline is dotted with the infamous slave castles run by the Dutch and Portuguese colonists during the 16th–17th centuries. The main language of Ghana is Twi (pronounced 'chi'), but as an ex-British colony, English is the lingua franca of the educated people. The southern half is humid, tropical, hot, whereas the northern half is drier. Ghana is currently the most politically stable and economically prosperous country. Islam is more predominant in the northern part of the country, but in the southern part Christianity with all the denominations is prevalent. Kumasi is situated in the central part of the country approximately 6 h driving north of Accra. It is a busy bustling town of 1.5 million people. There is one medical school (the only other one is in Accra), associated with KATH. There are a handful of professors teaching pathology courses in the medical school, but they do not practice diagnostic pathology. The medical school is 6 years, after high school. There is a pathology postgraduate program in Accra, and a Board certificate equivalent offered by the West African Medical Association. The residents often go to UK or France to supplement their training. Unfortunately, many do not return to Ghana. Outside Accra, there are no surgical pathologists in the entire country.


Increasing penetration of proactive agents, including distributed energy resources (DERs) and responsive loads (RLs), in distribution systems motivates methods to incentivize market participation from demand-side resources. The complexity resulting from large-scale integration of proactive agents has challenged the viability of centrally managing grid resources in a distribution system environment and motivated decentralized frameworks to coordinate the transactions. Existing decentralized frameworks are primarily focused on designing transaction mechanisms. They neither include a formal market construct nor a computationally feasible approach for market settlement for a large volume of transactions while ensuring the security of grid operation. This paper presents a distributed computational approach for a distribution system market where the coordination framework is based on agreement on bilateral energy transactions reached by market participants. Using the proposed distributed computational method, participants play a role in determining the set of bilateral transactions that maximizes the social welfare. The distribution system operator (DSO) ensures a secure operating condition of the distribution grid by validating each transaction that is agreed upon. Under a potential violation of security constraints by a proposed bilateral transaction, the DSO runs an optimal power flow (OPF) and recommends a new set of transactions (closest to those previously proposed) while maintaining power system security. The proposed framework is validated using IEEE 123-node test system. The results confirm the feasibility of the proposed approach for distribution systems.


Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are the electrical activities in the cortex or on the surface of scalp caused by the physiological activities of the brain. Through analyzing these signals, many informations about function and disease can be obtained. According to these informations, the brain functions can be effectively analyzed and the diseases can be efficiently diagnosed. In this paper some algorithms for processing EEG signals includeing time domain analysis, frequency domain analysis, Wigner distribution, wavelet transform are simulated and compared using the real measured EEG based on the feature of EEG signal. The characteristics and the problems of these methods are home analyzed and evaluated. The results indicate that the algorithm of time domain analysis, which combines the time domain analysis with frequency domain analysis, is effective and feasible. The research in this paper provides some definite theoretical references and analysis gist for the EEG signal analyzing and processing.


Background: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized byprogressive impairment of motor skills. Parkinson Disease patients often have poorer fine hand skills, reduced hand grip strength, deficits in prehension which deteriorates autonomy in activities of daily living. This study assesses the effect of motor imagery on hand function in Parkinson disease. Objective: To assess the effect of Motor Imagery on Hand Function in Parkinson's Disease patients using the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test Method: Subjects with Parkinson's Disease were randomised in two groups: Control and Experimental. Both groups were assessed using the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function test. The control group receives conventional treatment consisting of flexibility and strength training whereas the experimental group receives Motor imagery combined with conventional treatment. Both groups were reassessed using the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function test after 3 weeks. The differences in the group were noted and statistically analysed. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in hand function post intervention. Although not statistically significant, the difference in experimental group was larger than the control group. Conclusion: Motor imagery is a promising tool in neurorehabilitation. Motor imagery can have additional benefits when combined with conventional physical therapy to improve hand function in Disease


Modal parameter identification is significant in the field of vibration and control for tracking structural vibrations and evaluating structural performances. A novel parameter identification method based on the intrinsic chirp component decomposition (ICCD) and the Hilbert transform is proposed for forced time-varying systems. The developed ICCD decomposes the measured response signal into a limited number of intrinsic chirp components, and instantaneous modal parameters of the system are identified by the Hilbert transform of each intrinsic chirp component. The effectiveness and the accuracy of the proposed approach are investigated in two case studies, that is, a discrete mass-spring-damper oscillator and a cantilever beam. Smooth and periodical parameter variations are discussed in each case. Comparison with the empirical mode decomposition based method validates that the proposed method has better identification ability on estimating the instantaneous natural frequency of the system with the presence of noise. Results demonstrate that the ICCD-based approach could be a reasonable alternative for identification of forced time-varying systems in a noise environment.


An experimental study has been undertaken to reduce skin friction drag by applying spatially periodic forcing in the near wall region of a turbulent channel flow with micro plasma actuators. Measurements are made by a laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) at Re! = 297 and 602. We fabricate arrayed micro plasma actuators and reproduce spatially periodic control input assumed in the previous numerical simulation. However, the present plasma actuators induce a spanwise tangential velocity very close to the wall surface as we expect, but with considerable wall-normal velocities (blowing and suction). The latter effect cannot be neglected and should be taken into account for the turbulent drag reduction control in the future study.


Modern digital photography technology was used to collect the pictures of different parts of wild medicinal plants in ChangBai Mountain.B/S structure information inquire system and C/S structure background management system were respectively explored with computer ASP technology and Visual Basic.Finally,a database were set up which the plants can be checked on the internet.


A conjecture of Frobenius which has been reduced to the classification of finite simple groups is verified for the sporadic simple groups. Let G be a finite group and « be a positive integer dividing \G\. Let Ln(G) = {x e G\x" = 1). Then by a theorem of Frobenius [6] one knows that \Ln(G)\ = cnn for some integer cn. Frobenius conjectured that Ln(G) forms a subgroup of G provided \Ln(G)\ = « (see [2]). Zemlin [25] has reduced the conjecture to the classification of finite simple groups which is now complete (see [8]). The author has verified the conjecture for the Fischer Griess monster Fx and the Fischer baby monster F2 in [24]. The purpose of this note is to prove the following Theorem. The conjecture of Frobenius is true for all the sporadic simple groups. The proof of our theorem has been carried out in the following way with the use of a computer. Let G be one of the sporadic simple groups. By [24] we may assume that G + Fx and G + F2. Let f(G, t) be the number of elements of order t in G and Ord(G) = (order of x \ x e G}. Tables of f(G, t) are given in the Appendix; see the supplements section at the end of this issue. For f(G,t) the reader is referred to the following papers: Mxx, M22, M23 Burgoyne and Fong [1] •^12' ^24 Frobenius [5] Jx Janko [14] HJ = J2 Hall and Wales [8] HJM = J3 Janko [15] JA Janko [16] HiS Frame [4] Suz Wright [23] McL, .3 Finkelstein [3] Rud Rudvalis [19] HUM Held [10] LyS Lyons [17] Received June 21, 1982; revised March 19, 1984 and July 11, 1984. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 20D05.


There is no need to recount the statistics relating to service system growth or the frequent calls to utilize productivity as a strategic variable. These issues are well understood—services are the most rapidly growing of our economic sectors, and there is plenty of effort being devoted to studying ways of improving their productivity. What is needed, in my opinion, is a better understanding of the very nature of services themselves, and more specifically, some practical philosophy for designing the service delivery process. These two related issues can be addressed by 10 "commandments" gleaned from my 10 years of studying services, my recent research on branch banking, and a lifetime of living with services as a consumer. In order to provide some structure to an admittedly idiosyncratic list, the commandments are grouped under the following headings: The Facility, The Customer, and The Server. (In reading the list and explanations, please assume that the normal academic caveats such as "other things bein...


GaN-based high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have brought unprecedented performance in terms of power, frequency, and efficiency. Application of metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) gate structure has enabled further development of these devices by improving the gate leakage characteristics, gate controllability, and stability, and offered several approaches to achieve E-mode operation desired for switching devices. Yet, bias-temperature instabilities (BTI) in GaN MIS transistors represent one of the major concerns. This paper reviews BTI in D- and E-mode GaN MISHEMTs and fully recess-gate E-mode devices (MISFETs). Special attention is given to discussion of existing models describing the defects distribution in the GaN-based MIS gate structures as well as related trapping mechanisms responsible for threshold voltage instabilities. Selected technological approaches for improving the dielectric/III-N interfaces and techniques for BTI investigation in GaN MISHEMTs and MISFETs are also outlined.


Synopsis Aiming at improvement of the pitting corrosion of SUS 316, the following conclusions have been obtained after investigation of effects of Ni and Mo which are the main composition of SUS 316 and also Ta and S whose composition is extremely small in SUS 316. 1) Mo gives the most effective influences in improving the pitting corrosion. The pitting corrosion resistance is found to be good if Mo is found to be around the maximum contents regulated in JIS (3.00%). 2) The effect of Ni is found to be little within the standard and an interaction between Ni and Ta is observed. It is advisable to keep Ni as much as 11.0% in case of Ta 0.00% and 13.0% in case of Ta 0.05% respectively. 3) Lowering of S gives direct influence to the betterment of the pitting corrosion resistance. 4) The optimum limit of Ta, in case of Ni 13.0%, is from 0.03 to 0.05%.


Rousseau was almost the first to see that learning is a matter of necessity; it is a part of the process of self-preservation and of growth. If we want, then, to find out how education takes place most successfully, let us go to the experiences of children where learning is a necessity, and not to the practices of the schools where it is largely an adornment, a superfluity and even an unwelcome imposition, (p. 2)


(57) Abstract: The present invention is a polysaccharide having an effective surface charge - related somatostatin analogs and derivatives thereof. The compounds of this invention have excellent therapeutic and diagnostic characteristics.


The aerobic and anaerobic microbial flora in the urine were studied in 44 hospitalized geriatric patients for a five-week period. The results of cultivations performed weekly showed a marked, spontaneous variation in the bacteriological flora, aerobic as well as anaerobic. Anaerobes were especially common in females. Multiple strains of bacteria were found more frequently in female patients. Escherichia coli, Proteus, and enterococci were the most common bacteria in the female patients while in the males E. coli and Proteus prevailed. The fact that the urinary bacterial strains change spontaneously at short intervals makes quantitative cultures and sensitivity tests irrelevant bases for therapy. Bacterial colonization of the lower urinary tract is often found in a hospitalized geriatric clientele, and in nearly all patients with indwelling catheters [1-3]. These patients often have infections with multiple bacterial strains [4], as evidenced by cultures from urine (;>100,000 bacteria per ml of urine) [5]. The proportion of strains resistant to commonly used antibacterial agents is especially high in such patients who are hospitalized for long periods of time and receive antibiotics periodically [6]. The aim of the present study was twofold. In a previous study of the treatment of bacteriuria in hospitalized geriatric patients we observed that the composition of the bacterial flora in the urine in several patients was changing spontaneously [4]. In the present study we investigated this spontaneous change of the bacterial flora more systematically. Furthermore, a recent report [7] of a urinary infection with clinical symptoms that was caused by anaerobic bacteria (which are not usually sought in urine cultures) led us to include anaerobes and lactobacilli in the present investigation.


Available accounts of the gross arterial blood supply of the median nerve, such as those furnished by Quenu & Lejars (1892); Bartholdy (1897); Bourguet (1913); Ramage (1927); Dieulaf6 (1931) and Sunderland (1945a) exhibit considerable diversity of statement, and, so far as can be ascertained, the venous drainage of the nerve and its intrinsic vascular anatomy have not been described. Because of these considerations and in view of the possible relevance of median nerve vasculature to the aetiology of the carpal tunnel syndrome, it was decided to reinvestigate the gross blood supply of the median nerve in the forearm and hand and to study its intrinsic vascular arrangements.


This book investigates what the major Roman Catholic and Protestant theologians have written about the problem of theodicy; the defense of the righteousness of God in the face of a variety of evils, whether of nature or of human nature.


Abstract This study investigated the efficiency of mycoestrogens removal from water using the sequential combinations of two processes: ozonation and nanofiltration. The results were compared with ones obtained for water treatment via ozonation and nanofiltration performed as single-stage operations. The removal of mycoestrogens was improved using the combination of ozonation–nanofiltration processes in comparison to single-stage ozonation system, while a negligible difference was observed with nanofiltration. However, the analyzed system improved the nanofiltration membrane capacity. Ozonation before membrane filtration limited the intensity of the membrane blocking, which adjusted the use of the complex systems in water treatment.


We introduce the concept of a Majorana molecule, a topological bound state appearing in the geometry of a double quantum dot structure flanking a topological superconducting nanowire. We demonstrate that, if the Majorana bound states at opposite edges are probed nonlocally in a two-probe experiment, the spectral density of the system reveals the so-called half-bowtie profiles, while Andreev bound states become resolved into bonding and antibonding molecular configurations. We reveal that this effect is due to the Fano interference between pseudospin superconducting pairing channels, and we propose that it can be captured by a pseudospin resolved scanning tunneling microscope tip.


Photometric and spectroscopic analyses of the intermediate-luminosity Type Ib supernova (SN) 2015ap and of the heavily reddened Type Ib SN 2016bau are discussed. Photometric properties of the two SNe, such as colour evolution, bolometric luminosity, photospheric radius, temperature, and velocity evolution, are also constrained. The ejecta mass, synthesised nickel mass, and kinetic energy of the ejecta are calculated from their light-curve analysis. We also model and compare the spectra of SN 2015ap and SN 2016bau at various stages of their evolution. The P Cygni profiles of various lines present in the spectra are used to determine the velocity evolution of the ejecta. To account for the observed photometric and spectroscopic properties of the two SNe, we have computed 12M zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) star models and evolved them until the onset of core collapse using the publicly available stellarevolution code MESA. Synthetic explosions were produced using the public version of STELLA and another publicly available code, SNEC, utilising the MESA models. SNEC and STELLA provide various observable properties such as the bolometric luminosity and velocity evolution. The parameters produced by SNEC/STELLA and our observations show close agreement with each other, thus supporting a 12M ZAMS star as the possible progenitor for SN 2015ap, while the progenitor of SN 2016bau is slightly less massive, being close to the boundary between SN and non-SN as the final product.


: This research aims to know, to describe, and to analyze how the response of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) towards the issues of Rohingya refugees from Myanmar. The Rohingya ethnic has been suffering from violence, persecution, human rights abuse, and also discriminating treatments by Myanmar military government. Consequently, they were forced to flee to ASEAN countries, such as Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The approach used in this research was neoliberal institutionalism which takes institution as a media and tool of cooperation. Moreover, this research used qualitative research method. The sources of data were obtained from books, scientific journals, articles, online sources, and legal documents. In collecting data, writer used data collecting technique includes literature research. The result of the research indicates that ASEAN agrees to resolve the issues of Rohingya refugees by involving the origin country, transit country, and destination country. Then, ASEAN eventually considers these issues in Bali Process Forum, that is a mechanism to resolve problems relating to people smuggling and trafficking.


Cardiac arrhythmias occurring in association with epileptic seizures are a potential source of diagnostic confusion and a possible cause of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. A case is described in which simultaneous ambulatory electroencephalography and electrocardiography revealed periods of asystole coinciding with epileptic seizures. The aystole appeared to precede obvious changes in the scalp recorded electroencephalogram (EEG), but clinical attacks and EEG seizure activity were not altered by pacemaker correction of the cardiac arrhythmias.


2,3-Dichloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine is rectified by vacuum distillation with high efficient packed tower with θ filler,the product purity is over 99%,99.3% at instant,the yield is over 75%.Through the study of multivariable batch distillation process,the optimized operation parameters were obtained,the pressure is 10kPa~30kPa,the reflux ratio is 4~1 2,The experimentation indicated that multivariable batch distillation process could improve the yield.


A simulation model for the performance evaluation of fast packet switching architectures under multimedia traffic conditions is presented. The simulator is based on an integration of the SLAM-II tool with special-purpose C routines that model the internal structure and operational details of the basic switching fabrics. Two types of traffic sources, namely, Bernoulli sources and correlated sources (modeled as two-state Markov chains) are considered. The latter class of sources provides an accurate model for multimedia traffic components, such as voice and video, which are inherently bursty. The results of the simulation indicate the significant deterioration of the switch performance under correlated traffic from that predicted by the Bernoulli models. Furthermore, they illustrate the efficacy of the input-windowing mechanism in remedying this drawback to a substantial degree.<<ETX>>


To the Editor. —In connection with the paper Dissociated Nystagmus with Lesions in the Posterior Fossa (Cogan, D. G.:Arch Ophthal70:361, 1963), it may be of note that we found an area in the brain stem of a macaque, which, when stimulated with four volts, a duration of one millisecond, and a frequency of 100 cycles per second, produced homolateral monocular nystagmus. This nystagmus was of high frequency and low amplitude. Moving the monopolar electrode one millimeter to either side of the stimulated area in a dorsal-ventral direction eliminated the response. In brief, we were able to obtain monocular nystagmus from brain-stem stimulation. The exact locus is not known.


Abstract : Over the last five years, America has placed an ever-increasing emphasis on missile defense and currently spends nearly $10 billion annually on its development. The United States current missile Defense system is integrated; it depends on the cooperation of defensive elements aboard ships, on land, in the air and space. The objective is to provide a layered defense with multiple opportunities to destroy an incoming missile. By investing heavily in missile defense technology, the United States is clearly aiming to protect itself and its allies, but it is also attempting to deter its enemies and other terror regimes from spending their dollars on long-range missiles with the capabilities of hitting United States targets. The underlying theory is that rogue regimes possess limited funds and will not invest precious dollars on weapons that will not be effective during an attack. The United States believes its missile defense system is a deterrent to rogue states. However, North Korea's test launches in July 2006, along with subsequent testing of a nuclear device, illustrates that while the United States missile defense system may protect America from attacks, it may not be an effective deterrent to North Korea's further missile development and future use in offensive action.


Premise of the study: Bromus tectorum (Poaceae) is an annual grass species that is invasive in many areas of the world but most especially in the U.S. Intermountain West. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed for use in investigating the geospatial and ecological diversity of B. tectorum in the Intermountain West to better understand the mechanisms behind its successful invasion. Methods and Results: Normalized cDNA libraries from six diverse B. tectorum individuals were pooled and sequenced using 454 sequencing. Ninety-five SNP assays were developed for use on 96.96 arrays with the Fluidigm EP1 genotyping platform. Verification of the 95 SNPs by genotyping 251 individuals from 12 populations is reported, along with amplification data from four related Bromus species. Conclusions: These SNP markers are polymorphic across populations of B. tectorum, are optimized for high-throughput applications, and may be applicable to other, related Bromus species.


In this paper, different technologies currently available for building RF to millimeter wave circuits are briefly described. These include: microstrip, suspended substrate line, dielectric integrated guide and microelectromechanical system technologies. Several major projects using the aforementioned technologies have been successfully completed at the Centre for Applied Research in Electronics (CARE). Novel techniques developed to analyze and build complex microwave and millimeter wave circuits using microstrip, suspended stripline, non-radiative dielectric guides and micromachined transmission lines are presented


As local areas prepare to take forward the recommendations of the national maternity review, Lillie Wenzel, Policy Fellow at The King's Fund, considers the role of user feedback in driving improvements in maternity services.


The symmetry groups that arise most often in the applications to geometry and differential equations are Lie groups of transformations acting on a finite-dimensional manifold. Since Lie groups will be one of the cornerstones of our investigations, it is essential that we gain a basic familiarity with these fundamental mathematical objects. The present chapter is devoted to a survey of a number of fundamental facts concerning Lie groups and Lie algebras, and their actions on manifolds. More detailed presentations can be found in a variety of references, including [43, 48, 54]. Recall first that a group is a set G that has an associative (but not necessarily commutative) multiplication operation, denoted g ·h for group elements g, h ∈ G. The group must also contain a (necessarily unique) identity element, denoted e, and each group element g has an inverse g satisfying g · g = g · g = e. The continuous nature of Lie groups is formalized by the requirement that, in addition to satisfying the basic group axioms, they are also endowed with the structure of a smooth manifold.


To establish a HPLC method for determination of the contents of kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopy,hyperoside,quercitrin,rutin,quercetin,kaempferol and isorhamnetin in Houttuynia cordata Thunb.The determination of seven flavonoids was performed by HPLC.The calibration curve was linear in the range of 4.0~1 000.0 μg/mL and the recurrence was beyond 88.0 %.The developed method is a simple and reliable method to determine the contents of flavonoids in Houttuynia cordata Thunb.


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A MACHINE HARVESTING FRUIT GROWING ON PLANT ARRANGED IN ROW. The EQUIPMENT INCLUDES MOBILE CHASSIS 12 WHO CAN BE MOVED ALONG A ROW AND PLANT GV WHICH IS SUSPENDED SHAKER DEVICE 22 WHICH ENDS LOWER THE WINDOW 32 WEAR TYPOGRAPHICAL ELEMENTS 48 48 DESIGNED TO STRIKE AGAINST ALTERNATELY BOTH SIDES OF THE TRUNK GV PLANT ORDER TO BRING DOWN THE FRUITS GP. SCOPE: COLLECTION OF GRAPE BERRY, ETC .


Utopian Socialists at the turn of the eighteenth century and extends throughout the broad range of socialist ideologies: Anarchism, Syndicalism, Marxism, Leninism, Guild Socialism, Social Democracy and Maoism. Today, labor unions and industrialists in capitalist countries are beginning to talk about &dquo;humanizing work,&dquo; &dquo;job enrichment&dquo; and worker participation in decisionmaking. Workers' control over handicraft production in America's utopian societies died with the demise of these societies which found themselves in a hos-


Eight curcumin derivatives were synthesized by esterification of its phenol groups with first and second generation polyester dendrons (dendronization) or glutaric anhydride (glutarization), in a systematic scheme where mono and disubstitutions were carried out. The dendronization of curcumin (CUR) affects the fragmentation patterns in mass spectra, particularly for the disubstituted OH-terminated second generation derivative (labeled as 2C2), undergoing the cleavage of one of the aromatic rings. This fact may be related to the antioxidant capacity of 2C2, evaluated following its reaction with superoxide (O2•-) by cyclic voltammetry (CV). As opposed to CUR and the rest of its derivatives that react with O2•- via proton transfer reactions, 2C2 reacts with O2•- mainly by hydrogen atom transfer. 2C2 radical scavenging activity versus O2•- is higher than the one observed for CUR. From DFT calculations, independently of the substitution on CUR, the frontier molecular orbitals remain nearly unaltered as compared to CUR. On the other hand, when CUR is dendronized, the electric dipole moment notably changes as a function of the nature of the terminal groups.


Background/Objectives: The next generation car such as self-driving car, and electrical vehicle is a hot issue of the automobile industry, which has the infotainment system with the multi-touch screen panel. Methods/Statistical analysis: The reflection of light from the surface of touch-panel display hinders the clean image acquisition of the display of infotainment system. In this research, anti-glare coating was fabricated by slot die method with the synthesized sols using the TEOS and functional binder on cleaned slide glass. The morphology and surface roughnesswere characterized by FE-SEM, and AFM. The optical properties of anti-glare coating were analyzed by UV-visible spectrophotometer and haze meter. Findings: The average transmittance of anti-glare coating glasses exhibits 88.5% 90.5% in the visible light range of 400 nm to 800 nm wavelength. The haze value of the anti-glare coating has 7.1% 36.6% to various coating conditions. The haze values of anti-glare coating were mainly affected by coated sol conditions rather than the coating conditions. The coating conditions of slot die method such as gap distance, and discharge rate of nozzle not affect the quality of anti-glare coating. The haze of anti-glare coating was affected by particle density, and particle size. The anti-glare coating of dense particle distribution and large particle exhibit large haze value about 37%.The best performance of anti-glare coatingwas 7.1% haze, 90.5% average transmittance, and 11 nm average surface roughness, which was coated with the solution #2 sol. The reflectance of anti-glare coating was not affected by change of haze values. But the transmittance of anti-glare coating was affected by haze. Improvements/Applications: The anti-glare coating glass can be applied to various applications such as protective glass of crystalline Si photovoltaic cells, window of skyscraper, and roof of airport buildings.


: Fungal species belonging to the genus Trichoderma are worldwide in occurrence and easily isolated from soil, decaying wood and other forms of plant organic matter. In recent years, the use of indigenous Trichoderma isolates has been suggested as a method to counter some of the factors responsible for this inconsistency in performance. Keeping this in present investigation was carried out on a set of forty isolates of Trichoderma isolates, isolated from 40 locations of 62 blocks from 14 districts of Madhya Pradesh. The cultural characteristics of the isolates were significantly variable from each other. Conidiation was predominantly effuse and conidial/colony colour change was observed of different shades like light green, dark green-white, light green-white, yellow green and white with aerial, sub-aerial and submerged-aerial type of growth pattern. Among 40 isolates of Trichoderma , one isolate of Trichoderma T 23 was producing completely yellow colour in petriplate growth which was observed not only from back side of petriplate but also from the front side growth in petriplate.


CRAIGIE, P.C., Psalms 1-50 (Word Biblical Commentary 19), Waco: Word Books, 1983. Pp. 378. Cloth, $18.95. ISBN 0-8499-0218-5. The first of this new series to appear reveals a highly-structured format, reminiscent of the German BKA T, which Craigie utilizes most adroitly. The Introduction is wide-ranging yet succinct, and the commentary on each psalm is divided into Bibliography, Translation, Notes, Form/Structure/Setting, Comment and Explanation. There are also indexes of authors, subjects, biblical texts, Ugaritic texts and key Hebrew and Ugaritic words. Craigie succeeds in saying something valuable-and of about the same quantity-on all the psalms, each of which is also given its own English subtitle. A very professional product, setting a high standard for Messrs Tate and Allen who


The capacity enhancement plan of Bandar Abbas Refinery is one of the successful plans conducted amongst Iran refineries. Alongside the great achievements obtained after the implementation of this plan, some of the heat exchangers network didn't match such changes. In this work, the performance evaluation of the preheater heat exchangers of refinery distillation unit from thermal and fluid mechanics standpoints with regard to conducted changes after capacity enhancement plan is discussed. In this regard, two sets of heat exchangers which have more severe conditions than others are studied and analyzed. Accordingly, the entire refinery distillation unit is firstly simulated using PetroSim software. To review and redesign the heater heat exchangers, the computational methods offered by Kern and Ludwig are employed. Having performed various tests on the existing heat exchangers and after evaluation of different scenarios through simulation performed in PetroSim software, the current conditions of heat exchangers are analyzed and the optimum conditions of desired heat exchangers are determined. Finally, while comparing the results obtained from the above evaluations with the results obtained from experimental data from unit, a solution for optimization of the functional conditions of these heat exchangers is presented.


Ectopic breast tissues may be affected by to the same physiological and pathological alterations seen in the normal breast, including fibroadenoma. We report a 30-year-old nulliparous woman who presented with a left axillary lump, for which clinical impression of axillary lymphadenopathy was made. She was receiving treatment with cabergoline due to a prolactinoma with galactorrhea for some years, but her serum prolactin levels were still high. The patient underwent surgical resection of the nodule and the histology was identical to the fibroadenomas seen in the breast. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of fibroadenoma of the axilla in a patient with a macroprolactinoma. fibroadenoma in an ectopic breast tissue must be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of axillary mass. doi:10.4021/jmc384w


This study focuses on identifying key factors that influence large-scale hydrological model performance. It draws on experiences from modelling in the Arctic, West Africa, and Europe with the HYPE model (HYdrological Prediction of the Environment). We use multiple evaluation criteria to analyse the influence of catchment delineation, climate input data, model parameterisation, and water management. For each factor, we compare the model performance of reference models and refined models using time-series of observed river discharge ranging from ten to a thousand stations (depending on application). The results show that all investigated factors influence model performance to varying extents. Accurately representing catchment size is critical. European stations with small deviation between modelled and published catchment size performed better than stations with large deviations, even after aligning the stations to the modelled topography (NSE: +10%, aRE: −12%). Refining the climate input data substantially increased model performance in a number of cases. In the Niger River basin, the simulation of both daily discharge dynamics and cumulative volumes improved significantly (NSE: +40%, aRE: −26% on average). In Europe, a refined precipitation data set resulted in a similar performance enhancement (NSE: +2%, aRE: −8%) as a refined temperature data set (NSE: +2%, aRE: −4%), on average. However, the temperature refinement was more consistent spatially. Linking lake parameters to spatially varying hydrological characteristics improved model performance across the Arctic domain (NSE: +11%, aRE: −8%). Refining infiltration capacities in the Niger basin improved both flow dynamics (NSE: +60%) and cumulative volumes (aRE: −40%) through modified flow paths and enhanced evaporation. Irrigation water management in the Arctic only affected model performance locally. Model performance was generally better in large and wet catchments with high runoff coefficients compared with relatively small, dry catchments with low runoff. These factors are also likely to affect model performance in other areas of the world.


Change detection implies quantifying temporal effects using multi temporal dataset. The Remote sensing data has become a heart of change detection technique because of its high temporal frequency, digital computation, synoptic view and wider selection of spatial and spectral resolution. The general objectives of change detection in remote sensing include recognizing the geographical location and type of changes, quantifying the changes, and assessing the accuracy of change detection results. In this paper analyses the various change detection techniques using satellite images. Three remote sensing techniques, including Image Differencing, Principal Component Analysis and Change Vector Analysis used to detect the changes. To carry out these techniques, Landsat8 satellite images were used to recognize changes in study area. The efficiency of these method in study area were compared using post classification method and carry out accuracy assessment. The results shows that change vector analysis perform better for change detection to other methods.


Based on the moving coordinate and the Navier's integral transform solutions,simulating the transit load by double freedom degree system,dynamic equations of train—track—ground system are solved,and the analytical solutions are derived exactly.A comparative and verifiable analysis indicates that the solutions are accurate.The effects of velocity and frequency of the moving load and elastic modulus of soils on dynamic response of system are investigated and compared with viscous-elasticity half-space,which is of significance to the engineering.


Polystyrene latex spheres of 1.011 and 0.234/~m diameter were used to observe low-angle X-ray scattering. For particles of about 1 /~m in diameter the central scattering has not been observed accurately with characteristic X-rays such as Cu Kc~ and Mo K~ radiations, because it is strongly affected by the primary beam and the parasitic scattering of the slits. The present results show that the central scattering of particles of this size can be measured within 22' without such influences by the use of C K:~ radiation (wavelength 44"7 A).


The interdisciplinary of comparative literature leads the vision of literature research to relative disciplines outside the object of literature itself.The metaphor relationship between literature and image,the image of narrative,enriches the literature study,and opens up a new way of narration.The image of narrative not only reflects in the structure of text,but also allows the book itself which exists as form "speak" in the text,becoming part of narration.


A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to establish the proton affinities of phenyl, CH3CCCCCH3 and HCCCH2CCCH radicals as 870±29, 824±25, and 757±21 kJmol−1, respectively, from the kinetic energy of benzene, 2,4-hexadiyne, and 1.5-hexadiyne molecular ions at which the onset of proton transfer to less basic species occurs in the second rod assembly. These values were confirmed by other triple quadrupole experiments involving bracketing of exothermic proton transfers.


The present invention discloses a mobile device, a positioning method and a positioning system. The mobile device comprises N first wireless signal receivers located at different positions, wherein the first wireless signal receivers are configured to receive the first wireless signals emitted by another one mobile device from different angles, and N is a positive integer greater than 1; a controller configured to estimate the N distances between the other one mobile device and the N first wireless signal receivers according to the N transmission time of the first wireless signals from being emitted to being received by the N first wireless signal receivers, and the transmission rates of the first wireless signals, to estimate an deflection angle of the other one mobile device located in a reference direction according to the estimated N distances and the known distances among the N first wireless signal receivers, wherein the reference direction is relevant with the positions of the N first wireless signal receivers, and to obtain the position of the other one mobile device relative to the mobile device according to the estimated N distances and the estimated deflection angle.


FIELD: rescue equipment. SUBSTANCE: rotary-driven platform for the boom and the base of the rest for it in the transport position are mounted on slides with a drive of their longitudinal movement along the axis of the vehicle, and both drives are connected to one control means for passing the complicated turns. On each side of the base on the vertical axes the telescopic manipulators are mounted to perform of function of remote support by each of them. The descending means is made in the form of an elevator cab with a cable retention mechanism on the roof, provided with guides and actuators to move the cable attachment point on the horizontal coordinates and a unit of their control, connected with load cells mounted in the corners of the cab roof. On the rear wall of the cab the guide elements are mounted to contact with the transport sections. At the site besides placement of the autonomous flame retardant means, with folding seats are equipped with elastic sleeves for descending, and also the horizontal telescopic sections are mounted, for the aggrieved persons can go to the place of descent by themselves or with the help of the rope drive and the wheel chairs stacked in the store. At that the side and the sections of the transition are equipped with folding fences with mesh. EFFECT: this scheme of the device enables to accelerate the arrival and evacuation of the aggrieved persons from the fire seat remote from the roadway to the site and their descending to the ground using flexible hoses. 4 cl, 9 dwg


Legal Protection for debtors is very important because their right as debtors who have obligation in joint and several liability systems would be fulfilled. Following the development of modern economy makes the human need increases, the fierce competition between business actors happens, and many of them have ambition to increase their business by borrowing capital. The form of the loss which experienced by debtors who have obligation for joint and several liability systems is if one of the debtors do default of contract so the other debtors get the effect of this. This happened at PT MBK where there was a debtor who defaulted. The group's obligation is to pay the debtor's performance, but due to the large number of installments, the group members object because other members also have to pay their loan installments. The occurrence of such defaults also affects the members of the group, namely the inability of the credit disbursement process. The debtor who bears it does not get the compensation for the debtor who defaultedTherefore, this research discuss about how is the legal protection for those who have obligation in financial debt agreement using joint and several liability systems in PT Mitra Bisnis Keluarga Ventura.
This research is (field research) in which the researcher search and collect the data directly by interviewing the part of business actors as data collection technique in PT MBK Venture group exactly in Plosokuning IV village, Minomartani, Ngaglik, Sleman. In this research, the researcher also uses Legal protection, agreement, joints and liability system as the theory of the research.
The result of the research shows that the debtors who use joint and liability system agreement have individual assurance, debtors who do inappropriate default of contract and against 1839 Indonesian Civil Code article's. The practice of legal protection for debtors who have obligation is the protection through 1839 Indonesian Civil Code article's, actually is not maximally work in protecting the debtors so the practice of injustice happens between the debtors who have obligation and the debtors who do default of contract. Legal efforts carried out by debtors who bear the obligations in the joint responsibility system are to hold group members' meetings, collect directly and report to local village officials with the aim of obtaining compensation from debtors who conduct defaults.


It was formerly known and agreed generally that the earliest Southeast Asian people did not create their own civilization, but adopted models from India. Accordingly, civilization in Southeast Asia is called "Indianization". Yet there are three mains schools of tho~ght giving different views of the characteristics of Southeast Asian civilization. While the first school, led by Coedes, points out that civilization in Southeast Asia is not so different from its Indian models, the second school, led by Wolters, suggests that Southeast Asian civilization is completely different from the Indian one due to the process called 'localization' . Compromisingly, the last school, led by Mabbett, proposes the harmonious living of the two cultures in local societies. As the debates are still uncompromised, the article offers the examination of the case study of female deities in an attempt to compromise those debates. According to the observation on the case study, it can be summed up that 1 The writer would like to thank her teacher, Dr. Snnait Chutintranond, director of the Southeast Asian Studies, Chulalongkom University, for his kindness and his patience. Without him, the paper would not have been completed. 2 A Master's Degree student of Southeast Asian Studies, Chulalongkom University. Wolters and Mabbett's suggestions seem closer to the real situation, and that Southeast Asia has its own typical civilization.


Abstract This study is based on a statistical analysis of 240 client records. The task of the study was to determine the variables inherent to women with diagnosed sexual problems. Data were secured for 93 variables in four classifications—sociological, sexological, psychological, and counseling. Frequency distributions revealed sociological characteristics which were representative of young, middle-class, well-educated women, except for a greater incidence of divorce and separation. Typical sexual experiences included extramarital relationships, oral and anal intercourse, masturbation, and childhood sexual contacts with adult males who were either a member or friend of the family. Compared to other reports of sexual experience, clients showed greater frequencies of intercourse, homosexual and extramarital experience, and childhood sexual contacts with adult males, but less frequency of orgasm. In addition, mean T-scores were moderately elevated (60–69) for eight of 13 MMPI scales.


Objective: I²-sitosterol is the steroid compound which is an important nutrient in the diet meal, hydrophobic and soluble in organic solvents and considered as a good biomarker due to its biological activity.Methods: In vitro study was using 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide method towards T47D, MCF-7, HeLa, and WiDr cell lines. In silico docking using PLANTS program and visualized by Yasara program. The model of three dimension enzyme structures used in this research were epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-I±), ER-beta (ER-I²), and human EGFR 2 (HER-2). Two and three dimensions of I²-sitosetrol, ZSTK474, and tamoxifen as the standard were generated using Marvin Sketch program.Results: I²-sitosterol was found to have inhibitory concentration 50% of 0.55; 0.87; 0.76, and 0.99 mM. I²-sitosterol and ZSTK474 were inhibited EGFR and PI3K with docking score −92.8195; −91.7920 and −91.7470; −94.7491 I²-sitosterol and tamoxifen were inhibited ER-I±, ER-I² and HER-2 with docking score −78.5570; −89.535, −68.7717; −52.008 and −90.4908; −50.5576, respectively.Conclusion: Based on the results above that shows I²-sitosterol provide effective as anticancer.Â


ABSTRACT Objectives: Using data collected from a Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) conducted in Fairfax Health District, Virginia, in 2016, we sought to assess the relationship between household-level perceived preparedness and self-reported preparedness behaviors. Methods: Weighted population estimates and 95% confidence intervals were reported, and Pearson's chi-squared test was used to investigate differences by group. Results: Examining responses to how prepared respondents felt their household was to handle a large-scale emergency or disaster, an estimated 7.4% of respondents (95% CI: 4.3–12.3) reported that their household was "completely prepared," 37.3% (95% CI: 31.4–43.7) were "moderately prepared," 38.2% (95% CI: 31.6–45.2) were "somewhat prepared," and 14.4% (95% CI: 10.2–20.0) were "unprepared." A greater proportion of respondents who said that their household was "completely" or "moderately" prepared for an emergency reported engaging in several behaviors related to preparedness. However, for several preparedness behaviors, there were gaps between perceived preparedness and self-reported readiness. Conclusions: Community assessments for public health preparedness can provide valuable data about groups who may be at risk during an emergency due to a lack of planning and practice, despite feeling prepared to handle a large-scale emergency or disaster.


This article presents the oxidation kinetics of Cu thin films in dry and wet oxygen at temperatures from 100 to 600 °C. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and reflectometry, which yield refractive index and thickness of the Cu oxide, were used in kinetic study of Cu film oxidation. Cabrera–Mott (C–M) theory was used for the calculation of oxidation activation energies, yielding 0.68 eV for dry oxidation and 0.43 eV for wet oxidation. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry were used to investigate the cross-sectional profile, grain size, and chemical composition of the Cu oxides. A formula for Cu oxide thickness calculation was derived from the C–M theory and experimental data. Good agreement has been observed in thickness values from formula calculation, spectroscopic reflectance and SEM has been confirmed. A study of the effect of trace O2 on Cu film anneal is also presented.


The utility model discloses a master control system of a steam turbine of a large-scale thermal power generating unit, belongs to the circuit automatic control systems of the steam turbine of a power station, and solves the technical problems of the large-scale thermal power generating unit on the fast response of load and the stability in control. The master controller system comprises a PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) module, an A/D (Analog to Digital) converter, a generator power, a main steam pressure, and a master adjusting steam valve position sensor of the steam turbine. A function module, a simulation operator, an amplitude limiting module, a wide selecting module, an addition module, a constant value module, a switching module, an adjusting module, an'AND' gate module and a'NOT' gate module in a decentralized control system are adopted to build a real-time online optimizing circuit so as to form an independent master control system of the steam turbine, therefore, the technical problems of the large-scale thermal power generating unit on the fast response of the load and the stability in control can be solved, the heat-economic index and the technical parameter index of the unit can be improved, and the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction can be achieved. And the master control system is especially suitable for the large-scale thermal power generating unit with the power of more than 300MW.


This chapter discusses the behind-the-scenes process of persuading school leaders to approve a music technology offering. The key administrators involved in making these decisions include the guidance department and curriculum leaders, and the text covers how to communicate most effectively with them. While educational philosophy is important to individual teachers, school leaders are more concerned with practical matters, so the chapter discusses how a new electronic music course will affect day-to-day operations in a school. The chapter includes strategies and experiences for pitching a new course and for seeking funding, and it offers advice to teachers who are about to embark on class creation. The chapter also presents suggestions for communicating with other stakeholders and advocacy arguments, such as the broader demographic reach of music technology classes. Finally, the text suggests effective responses to the critical opposition often faced by nontraditional music classes.


INTRODUCTION: Teacher empowerment is thought to improve student learning by fostering teaching quality. Therefore, the purpose of this study is investigating the relationship between empowerment and self-efficacy of Iranian English as Foreign Language teachers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is an experimental study; the population of the study includes all the English language teachers of the universities of Ilam, Iran. Among whom by random sampling, the sample which was consisted of 60 teachers were selected. Participants in this study answered the School Participant Empowerment Scale questionnaire (Short and Rinehart, 1992) as the instrument of the study. The Pearson product-moment correlation was computed to determine the relationship between teacher empowerment and teacher self-efficacy. RESULTS: The results showed that there was a positive correlation between teacher empowerment and their self-efficacy (r = 0.55, P < 0.01) and differences among teachers' self-efficacy is not significant according to age (r = −0.14, P = 0.23). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of the study, empowerment and self-efficacy have interactive relationships; i.e. self-efficacy in teachers leads to empowerment and empowerment in teachers leads to self-efficacy.


Provided are: a low-cost and high-performance substrate for a superconducting wire rod; a method for manufacturing the low-cost and high-performance substrate for the superconducting wire rod; and the superconducting wire rod using the low-cost and high-performance substrate for the superconducting wire rod.
A substrate (1) for a superconducting wire rod is characterized in that roughness (Ra) of one surface of the substrate (1) out of both the surfaces thereof is 10 nm or less, roughness (Ra) of the other surface is more than the roughness (Ra) of the one surface, and that the roughness (Ra) of the other surface is equal to or more than 8 nm but less than 15 nm.


We demonstrate a photo-switchable and photo-tunable microlens based on chiral liquid crystals doped with an azobenzene chiral dopant immersed in water.


This chapter is an exploration of moral identity, as both a psychological and a philosophical concept. It begins with the phenomenon of an identity crisis, employing Mr. Stevens, the butler from Kazuo Ishiguro's Remains of the Day, as an illustration. The chapter develops an account of moral identity that seeks to be consistent with psychological conceptions while also generating the normative authority and regulative efficacy necessary for moral identity to function as a moral ideal. The chapter argues that person's moral identity is not separable from her other practical identities and standpoints, and that it derives its content from her efforts to work out how to live well within the normative structures of those other identities. It also argues that an individual's moral identity is intertwined with her social context in ways that shape the content of that identity and her ability to live in accordance with it.


In Qantas Airways Limited v FCT, Qantas sold domestic air travel subject to terms and conditions of carriage as published from time to time. Some classes of fare were fully refundable, eg Business Class and Fully Flexible fares. In respect of these classes of fare, a passenger was entitled to a full refund of the pre-paid fare if there was a cancellation (ie Qantas cancelled the flight) or a no-show (passenger failed to board flight).


The author remarks that "these notes were written in the summer of 1957, but the thoughts expressed seem no less valid now that time has passed and wounds have healed." Some of our readers will feel nostalgia, others premonition, in this scherzo of scholarly autobiography.


Mining in Mexico has been practiced since the pre-H ispanic era, this being an important engine in the development of the economy of this country. In the refining pro cesses of minerals, millions of tons of waste known as tailings are produced, which are deposited in the open and t he refining process can be a health hazard and the syst m for the presents of Potentially Toxic Elements (EPT). T he objective of this work was to determine if the t ailings of the Cerro de Mercado mine represent a risk to healt workers using a computer package and finding that t e population close to the mine is not in danger.


Metamorphosis of Trypanosoma rangeli during the migration in the insect host, Rhodonius prolixius, was first documented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After infection, the parasites reach the insect alimentally tract and then they penetrate into the mid-gut and eventually emerge in the hemolymph of the abdominal cavity. From the abdominal cavity, both the parasites and the hemolymph are propelled to the thorax by the dorsal vessel (aorta pump), the end of which is terminated very near the salivary glands. Thus, once these parasites invade the abdominal cavity, they finally appear in the salivary-glands via the transport by the dorsal vessel. The parasites gradually change themselves in shape during the migration. In the present study, we focused on the morphological characteristics of T. rangeli at individual stage in the vector by SEM and revealed some new findings in morphology and confirmed a migration route of this species. These results suggest that Guatemalan T. rangeli is mainly transmitted through the salivary gland.


Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children, and has been historically classified based on clinical markers (patient age, presence of metastases at diagnosis, extent of resection) and histopathological characteristics (classic, desmoplastic/nodular, and large cell/anaplastic). However, the recent gene expression profiling of a large number of tumors across multiple studies has provided evidence of four distinct medulloblastoma molecular subgroups (Wnt, Shh, Group 3, and Group 4), associated with remarkably different prognoses. While current therapies for medulloblastoma are often toxic, and not always effective, immunotherapy, designed to target these subgroups, may offer therapeutic improvement. Although monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has not yet been shown to be effective for the treatment of brain tumors, recent data indicate that radiation therapy can induce immunogenic modulation characterized by cell-surface phenotypic changes leading to augmented tumour cell/cytotoxic T-cell interaction. We examined the ability of radiation to upregulate mAb therapy targets. Our data showed that low dose radiation significantly increased cell-surface and total protein expression of mAb targets CD137 (a member of the TNF receptor superfamily), FGF, CD20, HER2, Major Histocompatability Complex (MHC) class I and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-I) in 3 out of 3 medulloblastoma cell lines. These findings highlight a mechanism for combining radiation with immunotherapy, to potentially expand the effect of targeted therapy in brain tumor treatment.


Abstract: The A2a adenosine receptor agonist 2‐[2‐(4‐amino‐3‐iodophenyl)ethylamino]adenosine is a potent coronary vasodilator. The corresponding radioiodinated ligand, [125I]APE, discriminates between high‐ and low‐affinity conformations of A2a adenosine receptors. In this study, [125I]APE was used for rapid (24‐h) autoradiography in rat brain sections. The pattern of [125I]APE binding is consistent with that expected of an A2a‐selective radioligand. It is highest in striatum, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle, with little binding to cortex and septal nuclei. Specific [125I]APE binding to these brain regions is abolished by 1 µM 2‐p‐(2‐carboxyethyl)phenethylamino‐5′‐N‐ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS‐21680) but is little affected by 100 nM 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine. Conversion of [125I]APE to the corresponding arylazide results in [125I]AzPE. The rank‐order potency of compounds to compete for [125I]AzPE binding in the dark is CGS‐21680 > d‐(R)‐N6‐phenylisopropyladenosine > N6‐cyclopentyladenosine, indicating that it also is an A2a‐selective ligand. Specific photoaffinity labeling by [125I]AzPE of a single polypeptide (42 kDa) corresponding to A2a adenosine receptors is reduced 55 ± 4% by 100 µM guanosine 5′‐O‐(3‐thiotriphosphate) and 91 ± 1.3% by 100 nM CGS‐21680. [125I]APE and [125I]AzPE are valuable new tools for characterizing A2a adenosine receptors and their coupling to GTP‐binding proteins by autoradiography and photoaffinity labeling.


High speed rotor systems with magnetic bearings have been the subject of much research in recent years due to the potential for active vibration control. In this thesis, optimal design was conducted for an 8-pole heteropolar magnetic bearing used in the flexible rotor of a turbo blower. In connection with bearing stiffness, this optimal design process was conducted using a genetic algorithm(GA), which is based on natural selection and genetics. The maximum stiffness of the magnetic bearing-rotor was found by considering the critical speeds of the flexible rotor. As a result, the magnetic bearings were optimized to have maximum stiffness.


Enumerating the directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) of a Markov equivalence class (MEC) is an important primitive in causal analysis. The central resource from the perspective of computational complexity is the delay, that is, the time an algorithm that lists all members of the class requires between two consecutive outputs. Commonly used algorithms for this task utilize the rules proposed by Meek (1995) or the transformational characterization by Chickering (1995), both resulting in superlinear delay. In this paper, we present the first linear-time delay algorithm. On the theoretical side, we show that our algorithm can be generalized to enumerate DAGs represented by models that incorporate background knowledge, such as MPDAGs; on the practical side, we provide an efficient implementation and evaluate it in a series of experiments. Complementary to the linear-time delay algorithm, we also provide intriguing insights into Markov equivalence itself: All members of an MEC can be enumerated such that two successive DAGs have structural Hamming distance at most three.


Subtitle: OOIL's terminals, property divisions sales set focus on its container shipping business and put funds away for a rainy day.


The article considers the problems of underfunding of agriculture of Russia in conditions of market economy. The most efficient way out of a crisis for the agricultural sector is the perfection and optimization of the existing system of taxation.