This article is an in-depth analysis of civil-military relations in Nigeria's nascent democracy. It chronicles the factors responsible for the Nigerian army's descent into the abyss—once a professional body—shortly after political independence in 1960. The author argues that much still needs to be done to effectively tame the military, which has indeed become a monster. However, unless the "contradictory pressures of depolitization and renewed political involvement" are curtailed, the hope of a consolidated democracy in Nigeria, and in virtually all other states emerging from military absolutism, will remain a mirage after all, despite all pretensions to the contrary.


The urban sustainability is a growing importance in the built environment research. Urban areas play a key role in planning for sustainable city development. Urbanization has implications for futur ...


ABSTRACT Norbert Elias described the rise of fascism and the violent spasm of the Holocaust as examples of extreme 'counter-spurts' towards 're-barbarization' in his overall schema of recent human history as a 'civilizing process'. But the shift towards the normalization of uncivility and extreme violence that became trademarks of fascism in the interwar years was in fact far less at odds with assumed mainstream values than it actually appeared or was assumed to be. In this article, I argue that fascist uncivil ideology, discourse, and praxis need to be placed along a continuum of mainstream acceptability that rendered them broadly desirable or tolerable to mainstream society at the time in spite of their radical deviation from an assumed liberal canon. I focus on two examples of fascist uncivility – attack on the liberal framework of minority protection promoted by the liberal powers post-WW1; and violent anti-semitism. I argue that, while fascist uncivility represented a violent, extreme 'counter-spurt' in its cumulative dynamics and effects, it was underwritten by a number of facilitating impulses and behaviours that were deeply embedded in interwar mainstream societies and thus did not constitute qualitative regressions from the 'civilizing process', as Elias claimed afterwards.


ut few expect this trend to continue. Most see PCs getting heavily involved in discrete control-that is, the gathering of real-world inputs and use of control algorithms to provide control outputs directly back to the machine or process. Implementing direct control with open PC technology gets rid of an intermediate level of proprietary hardware, thereby reducing costs and eliminating a barrier to information flow. In addition, it flattens the traditional automation hierarchy that segments control functions into layers. In this hierarchy the control layer typically includes a PLC or other dedicated control hardware. The supervisory control layer is responsible for collecting and translating the PLC data into a human readable form as well as into information that can be shared with the rest of the organisation. In the direct control model built on open PC-based technology, these functions are performed by software modules that coexist on one or more industry standard PCs. This eliminates the need for multiple real-time databases containing process information. Industry standard PC hardware technology can be used to produce a wide range of open control platforms , ranging from embedded controllers to control room workstations. Open control greatly improves the buyer's price/performance ratio by enabling him or her to use off-the-shelf components available from multiple vendors. Several bus architectures can be used to build open control systems-for example, PIC, PC104, ISA (and passive backplane ISA), EISA, STD32 and VME. Many different interfaces for I/O are available with different capabilities, in addition to boards that connect to all of the various device networks. (Fig 1) Open control products are also becoming available from PLC vendors that use the proven PLC I/O architecture while replacing proprietary controllers with PC-compatible processors. Open control implies that hardware can be selected from different vendors to build industrial controls and logically this should apply to software as well. However, PC-based direct control flattens PC-based direct control flattens control hierarchy, opens control hierarchy, opens information flow information flow Personal computer (PC) technology, while already entrenched in office environments, is just beginning to have an impact on industrial automation. For the most part, PCs are used in factories and plants to handle the operator interface (OI) function for programmable controllers (PLCs) or distributed control systems (DCSs). In this capacity, their involvement is limited to indirect control or, at best, Supervisory control functions (perhaps by detecting and organising alarms). B Figure 1. Many different interfaces …


I have chosen to do a research about a new school unit for students diagnosed with the Asperger syndrome. I have chosen this because I am interested in both childrens and adults ideas of being plac ...


The mixture of 90%W 7wt%Ni and 3wt%Fe elemental powders was milled in a planetary high-enerpy ball mill. The evolution of the structure during milling and the sintering behavior Of the milled powders were tested. The results showed that by mechanical alloying W(Ni, Fe) supersatumted solid solution with nano-meter size formed, which can enhance the sintering process. Ftilly dense alloy from the milled powders was obtained through solid state sintering. The tensile strength of the obtained alloy is over 900MPa which is comparuble to that of the alloy sintered by traditional liquid-phase sintering from un-milled powders of the same composition.


Abstract We prove a double variational characterization of the set of all the periodic solutions of the Kepler problem. We provide a sufficient condition for the existence of a periodic solution with prescribed period or energy for autonomous second-order differential systems with Keplerian-type potentials. The proofs are based on linking arguments.


. Prebiotic carbohydrates are generating great interest because of their modulation effect on the gut microbiota and the reduction of the risk of different chronic diseases such as type II diabetes. According to their definition, these carbohydrates should not be digested in the gastrointestinal tract reaching the large intestine where they are fermented by the gut microbiota, generating a beneficial health effect on the host. There are numerous evidences about the beneficial effects of these compounds in the large intestine; however, there is not enough information about their digestibility. Recent studies have shown interesting results about the digestion of these carbohydrates with extracts of rat small intestine, but not standardized methods are available so far 1 . Therefore, the objective of this work was to optimize an in vitro digestibility method with lactose and the recognized prebiotic lactulose using rat small intestine extract (RSIE). RSIE (10 mg/mL) was used for the digestibility method at 37°C. Lactose was digested in different concentrations: 5, 2, 1, 0.6, 0.2 and 0.1 mg/mL for 5 h. The results were analyzed by GC-FID. The hydrolysis of lactose increased with the time and decreased with the concentration of substrate, reaching the maximum hydrolysis degree at 0.2 mg/mL (82.11%), with no significant differences at 0.1 mg/mL. Therefore, 0.2 mg/mL was the optimum concentration of carbohydrate


Polygenic risk scores are en vogue. This ubiquitous statistic quantifies disease liability for an individual by aggregating risk contributions from a large number of genetic variants into a single score. Recent publications have argued that risk models currently used in clinical settings for coronary artery disease can be improved by including polygenic risk scores.1,2 Similarly, polygenic risk scores have shown promise in improving breast cancer risk prediction3 and are already routinely used by direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies, such as 23andMe, to estimate disease risk. Now, in this issue of Neurology® Genetics, Kogelman et al.4 find that the polygenic risk score for migraine, a common headache disorder that is thought to affect about 18% of the population5 and estimated to be quite heritable (between 34% and 57%),6 correlates with triptans treatment response when treating migraine. However, there is no reason for people having migraines to rush and get genotyped. First, the treatment response effect was found to be small (but significant). Second, although Kogelman et al. accounted for population structure in their statistical analysis, it is hard to rule out other sources of confounding. Third, it is very difficult to estimate population risk, or conditional risk, as the sample used in this study (and most other studies) is of course ascertained (nonrandom sample). Fourth, if in doubt about the treatment response, why not try the drug?


Orbital Shaker is a clinical laboratory tool used to stir or mix a solution with another else so that it is homogeneous with one-way movement. The purpose of this tool design is to facilitate mixing the solution if done manually will be less efficient in time and effort. Besides that, there are several solutions which are dangerous to touch, therefore this tool adds to the safety of users in the laboratory. In the manufacture of this tool the authors designed the Controlling Time and Rotational Speed of Orbital Shaker Based on ATmega328 Microcontroller, this tool uses a Microcontroller as a data processor, the Hall effect sensor as a motor rotational speed controller, the timer is used as an indicator of the process of the length of time homogenizing the solution, Buzzer as a sound indicator to indicating the process has been completed, and LCD as a time and speed viewer. This tool has been tested by setting different rpm and timers, after setting this tool it will immediately mix a solution that has been prepared. When the mixing process has finished the alarm will sound that indicating the mixing time on the tool has been completed


Objective To analyze the application effect of pain management nursing on promoting the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with traumatic fracture.Methods 110 patients with traumatic fracture admitted in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups,the control group and the observation group.The observation group were given pain management nursing while the control group were given the conventional nursing.And the nursing results were compared between the two groups.Results The difference in the degree of postoperative pain between the observation group and control group was statistically significant(P 0.05);compared with the control group,the length of stay and fracture healing time of the observation group were shorter,and the joint function scores were better with statistical significance(P0.05).Conclusion Pain management nursing has good application effect on promoting the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with traumatic fracture,therefore it is worthy of promotion.


This paper discusses the main production processes of denim such as warp yarn dyeing,warp ends sizing and denim after finishing with the factors affecting denim quality analyzed.Denim's performance index is also introduced and ways to improve denim quality are put forward through the discussion of performances of different denim examples.


Electrical activity is important for brain development. In brain slices, human subplate neurons exhibit spontaneous electrical activity that is highly sensitive to lanthanum. Based on the results of pharmacological experiments in human fetal tissue, we hypothesized that hemichannel-forming connexin (Cx) isoforms 26, 36, and 45 would be expressed on neurons in the subplate (SP) zone. RNA sequencing of dissected human cortical mantles at ages of 17-23 gestational weeks revealed that Cx45 has the highest expression, followed by Cx36 and Cx26. The levels of Cx and pannexin expression between male and female fetal cortices were not significantly different. Immunohistochemical analysis detected Cx45- and Cx26-expressing neurons in the upper segment of the SP zone. Cx45 was present on the cell bodies of human SP neurons, while Cx26 was found on both cell bodies and dendrites. Cx45, Cx36, and Cx26 were strongly expressed in the cortical plate, where newborn migrating neurons line up to form cortical layers. New information about the expression of 3 "neuronal" Cx isoforms in each cortical layer/zone (e.g., SP, cortical plate) and pharmacological data with cadmium and lanthanum may improve our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying neuronal development in human fetuses and potential vulnerabilities.


A novel pad structure for an integrated circuit component that utilizes a bump interconnect for connection to other integrated circuit components that produces a relatively uniform current distribution within the bump of the bump interconnect is presented. The pad structure includes an inner pad implemented on an inner conductive layer of the integrated circuit component, an outer pad implemented on an outer conductive layer of the integrated circuit component, and a plurality of vias connecting the inner pad and outer pad. The outer pad is sealed preferably around its edges with a passivation layer, which includes an opening exposing a portion of the outer pad. The vias connecting the inner pad and outer pad are preferably implemented to lie in a via region within the footprint of the pad opening.


Abstract "C-K theory", a theory of reasoning in design, offers a formal modelling language with the power to describe the unfolding of creativity and the generation of new innovative objects as integral parts of design practice. However, the theory has limited ability to analyze and describe the particulars of design practice when the target area is service. To address this question, the purpose of this paper is to refine the "C-K theory" by embedding service relevant constructs and exploring strategies for enhancing the creative engagement resulting in the innovative service concepts.


Scalable Routing for Networks of Dynamic Substrates Boris Drazic Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 2014 The ever-increasing number of devices capable of, not only connecting to existing communication networks, but also, independently creating new ones is defining a new communication network, in which the Internet is only one of the substrate networks providing connectivity between diverse devices. This is a network with many interconnected mobile devices connecting to infrastructure networks and creating their own dynamic substrate networks. We present a novel routing scheme for diverse collections of substrate networks with a mix of mobile and static nodes. A key element of the routing scheme is to utilize the exiting routing paths in substrate networks, and set up routing paths between substrate networks. We use sets of nodes as landmarks and define locators that describe node position in the network relative to landmarks. This allows our routing scheme to scale to a large number of nodes, as only information about landmarks needs to be propagated throughout the network.


Abstract The morphological evolution of different topographical features (namely cones, ridges, cliffs, and featureless planes), as developed on bombarded copper surfaces as a function of consecutive doses of mass-separated 12 keV Kr+ ions, has been compared. The doses ranged from 1.2 × 1017 ions/cm2 up to 3 × 1019 ions/cm2. We found clear experimental evidence, valid at least for copper as here prepared, that the order of increasing relative stability is cone-ridge-cliff-plane.


The paper shows, applying data concerning the Novosibirsk Oblast, what mechanisms a concept the Russian administrative reform provided for to implement each area of this reform. We also show the problems which impede the reform progress in regions. In our opinion, a sectoral approach to assess the efficiency of governmental expenditures for health care and education made in regions proved to be ineffective, and we present our considerations on how to improve this.


A fungus that bursts from the bark of birch trees produces a single molecule with the sweet smell of pineapple—an aroma usually formed by a mixture of many compounds (J. Agric. Food Chem. 2019, DOI...


This article develops the division social time-physical time inside the environment of political centralization carried out by the government as a mean of political domination in the processes of cultural apprehension. It also sets up the negativity as a mean to surpass


A field experiment was conducted at Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, (M.P.) during rabi 2014-15 and 2015-16 to study the effect of gibberellic acid and Trichoderma viride on growth and yield of onion (Allium Cepa L.) cv. Agrifound Light Red. Foliar application of GA3 100mg and soil treatment of T. viride (10kg/ha -1 ) (T11) was observed significantly maximum (68.67, 66.60 and 64.53 cm) plant height, (18.67, 17.82and 16.97) number of leaves plant -1 , (62.83, 61.17 and 59.50 cm) length of leaf and (1.14, 1.12 and 1.10 cm) width of leaf at first year, second year and pooled, respectively, over to control ( T1 i.e., GA3 0mg + T. viride 0). Growth analytical parameters viz., (668.47, 656.97 and 612.72cm 2 ) leaf area plant -1 , (4.46, 4.09 and 3.71) leaf area index,(1.77, 1.74 and 1.71) bulb / green top ratio and (1.49, 1.48 and 1.46) neck thickness of bulb at first year, second year and pooled, respectively, over to control (T1 i.e., GA3 0mg + T. viride 0). Significantly maximum (44.43, 43.31 and 42.18g) fresh weight of bulb plant -1 and (28.13, 28.10 and 28.07g) dry weight of bulb for 100g fresh weight. (5.36, 5.33 and 5.31cm) diameter of bulb, (5.11, 5.90 and 6.01cm) length of bulb and (329.94, 323.57 and 326.76qha -1 ) bulb yield were recorded in the treatment T11 (GA3 100mg and soil treatment of T. viride (10kg ha -1 ) at first year, second year and pooled, respectively. Significantly maximum (16.04, 15.73 and 15.89 kg plot -1 ) and (329.94, 323.57 and 326.76 qha -1 ) bulb yield were recorded in the treatment T11 (GA3 100mg and soil treatment of T. viride (10kg ha -1 ) and lowest (0.10, 0.07 and 0.09%) bolting percentage and this treatment also proved the best antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporu sp. Cepae basal rot with minimum disease incidence (5.22, 5.20 and 5.21%) over to control at first year, second year and pooled , respectively.


When a user has a mobile device with lots of built-in functions, what would they like to do with it? Of course, interactive voice and videoconferencing, sending SMS & Instant Messaging, listeni ...


Julien BROWAEYS, Cyrille FLAMENT, Jean-Claude BACRI and Lisa HOUILLOT Universite Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Equipe ferrofluide de l'Unite de Formation et de Recherche de Physique, 2 place Jussieu 75251 Paris cedex 05, France. TEL: +33-1-4427-4525 FAX: +33-1-4427-4535 e-mail: email@example.com (Received 7,July 2000 Accepted 30, November 2000) We describe the concept of a voltage generator based on the use of a magnetic fluid. A cell contains two immiscible liquids: the lower liquid boils at a low temperature and the upper is a magnetic liquid magnetized by a permanent magnet. By heating the bottom of the cell the lower liquid boils and bubbles of the gas phase cross both liquid phases; consequently a flux variation is induced in a detection coil. Finally, the gas phase condenses in a recovery device in order to be injected back at the bottom of the cell. We obtain a voltage generator with a shape signal linked to the nucleation frequency and to the volume of the gas bubbles.


ABSTARCT Upward flame spread over thin solids is numerically studied using an in-house three-dimensional transient numerical model with a two-stage solid pyrolysis. The simulation results reveal fundamentally different flame behaviors in different pressure conditions. At low pressures, conventional continuous flame spread is observed. Upon ignition, the flame grows and spreads upward until it reaches the end of the sample. At high pressures, the flame splits into two flames shortly after ignition. The two flames spread upward separately at different spread rates. In a transitional pressure region, cyclic flame splitting was observed. The flame splits periodically during the upward spreading process. In each splitting cycle, the bottom flame extinguishes shortly after splitting while the top flame continuously spreads upward and starts a new splitting cycle. This flame splitting phenomenon was previously observed experimentally, but to the authors' knowledge is numerically captured for the first time in this study. The splitting process is presented in detail and compared with the continuous flame spread process. The numerical results indicate that the multi-stage pyrolysis is responsible for the flame splitting.


We introduce an algorithm for interactive rendering of physically-based global illumination, based on a novel frequency analysis of indirect lighting. Our method combines adaptive sampling by Monte Carlo ray or path tracing, using a standard GPU-accelerated raytracer, with real-time reconstruction of the resulting noisy images. Our theoretical analysis assumes diffuse indirect lighting, with general Lambertian and specular receivers. In practice, we demonstrate accurate interactive global illumination with diffuse and moderately glossy objects, at 1-3 fps. We show mathematically that indirect illumination is a structured signal in the Fourier domain, with inherent band-limiting due to the BRDF and geometry terms. We extend previous work on sheared and axis-aligned filtering for motion blur and shadows, to develop an image-space filtering method for interreflections. Our method enables 5--8X reduced sampling rates and wall clock times, and converges to ground truth as more samples are added. To develop our theory, we overcome important technical challenges---unlike previous work, there is no light source to serve as a band-limit in indirect lighting, and we also consider non-parallel geometry of receiver and reflecting surfaces, without first-order approximations.


We present and analyze an unconditionally energy stable and convergent finite difference scheme for the Functionalized Cahn-Hilliard equation. One key difficulty associated with the energy stability is based on the fact that one nonlinear energy functional term in the expansion appears as non-convex, non-concave. To overcome this subtle difficulty, we add two auxiliary terms to make the combined term convex, which in turns yields a convex-concave decomposition of the physical energy. As a result, an application of the convex splitting methodology assures both the unique solvability and the unconditional energy stability of the proposed numerical scheme. To deal with a 4-Laplacian solver in an $H^{-1}$ gradient flow at each time step, we apply an efficient preconditioned steepest descent algorithm to solve the corresponding nonlinear systems. In addition, a global in time $H_{\rm per}^2$ stability of the numerical scheme is established at a theoretical level, which in turn ensures the full order convergence analysis of the scheme. A few numerical results are presented, which confirm the stability and accuracy of the proposed numerical scheme.


Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) has attracted a lot of attention recently as a promising absorber layer material in a heterojunction solar cell. In this work, the Zn1-xMgxO material is substituted for CdS due to its abundant and nontoxic consisting elements. We have studied the band gaps of Zn1-xMgxO alloys with different values of x and the band offsets at Zn0.75Mg0.25O/CZTS heterointerface based on the first-principles and pseudopotential calculation method. The band gaps enhance linearly with the increasing values of x. The total density of state and local density of state of each atom in Zn0.75Mg0.25O/CZTS supercell are calculated. We predict that the heterojunction of Zn0.75Mg0.25O/CZTS is a type II heterointerface with a 0.2eV of conduction band offset, during which the conduction band minimum of Zn0.75Mg0.25O is lower than that of CZTS.


In the Introduction to this book I posed a series of questions which have woven throughout the chapters, with shifts in emphasis upon each of these questions at different moments in my own narrative of feminism and women's short story writing. The first of these questions was how do first-, second- and third-wave feminism inform and influence women's short story writing and, subsequently, how are these differing political moments represented within women's short story narratives? An interesting avenue into reflecting on this question comes through reading Helen's Simpson's short story 'The Festival of the Immortals' (2010). Featuring the narrator, Viv Armstrong, and her school friend Phyllis Goodwin, who meet for the first time in fifty years at a book festival, the story explores generational relations and raises questions about what it means to be a woman across the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Historical boundaries are diminished as the presence of Daniel Defoe, Charlotte Brontë and Virginia Woolf (all of whom are immortal in this tale) is perceived as a normal occurrence. Instead, it is the women's personal histories that become the significant focus of the story as they reminisce about school days and their life trajectories. Notably, it is the figure of Woolf who is responsible for first bringing Phyllis and Viv together: '"The first time I saw you, we were in the canteen," said Phyllis. "You were reading ...


Human is essentially a social being. They cannot live alone, in other words, a human needs other humans. They socialize with each other, establish strong relationship and produce a harmonious society. Social humans are naturally able to communicate well with the surrounding environment as well as humans are influenced by the environment itself. Therefore, as a social being, humans are united in a society to respect other humans with various backgrounds.


This article seeks to contribute to the literature on democratization by examining the media's causal relationship to political liberalization. First, I briefly review the major theoretical research regarding democratization and the media. I then provide an account of why media freedom contributes to democratic development. Specifically, I highlight two causal mechanisms, The Civil Society Function and The Opposition Function. The Civil Society Function, most often carried out in the print media, describes the media's role in facilitating a public sphere in which elites can communicate. In contrast, in accordance with The Opposition Function, the media furthers political liberalization by increasing the public's awareness of alternative political candidates. Because of its vast distribution, the broadcast media best performs The Opposition Function. The case of Mexico is examined to provide a concrete illustration of each of these functions of the media in relation to democratization. In the third section, I show the explanatory ability of the media on democratization, tested empirically against competing conventional explanations of democratization. To do so, I use the ordinary least squares method on time-series cross-sectional data of 200 countries measured annually from 1980-2004. The data and methods are described, as are the empirical findings and their theoretical implications.


The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is attractive for high-power applications because of the advantages of its high modularity and high power quality. This paper analyze the low and high frequency circulating current in MMC based on the phase-shifted carrier-based PWM(PSC-PWM) scheme. It can draw such conclusion that the DC component of circulating current can control the total sub-module capacitors voltage in one phase leg, while the fundamental frequency component can control the sub-module capacitors voltage difference between the upper and lower arm, and the switching frequency component can balance the sub-module capacitors voltage by reallocating the PWM pulse. The second-order frequency component can be eliminated by changing the modulation wave. A control method of MMC based on low and high frequency circulating current is proposed. This method solved the problems of voltage balance control in light load condition, simplifying the control system structure and increasing the system stability. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.


UP to now, a number of obscure heart diseases has been reported clinically, such as; congenital idiopathic cardiac hypertrophy,1)-3) idiopathic cardiac hypertrophy,4) cardiac hypertrophy of unknown cause,5),6) myocardial disease of obscure etiology7) and familial cardiomegaly.8) Since the first case was reported about two thirds of a century ago, the number of such cases has increased considerably. On the other hand, pathological findings of such kinds of heart diseases have been recorded under various names such as; interstitial (isolated) myocarditis,9)-12) idiopathic myocarditis,13)-15) endocarditis fibroplastica,16),17) fibroplastic myocarditis,18) endocardial sclerosis,19) endocardial fibroelastosis,20),21) endomyocardial fibrosis,22) cardiovascular collagenosis,23) diffuse endomyocardial sclerosis24) and glycogen storage disease of the heart.25)-27) Although the glycogen storage heart disease and the endocardial fibroelastosis foetalis were separated as new units of heart diseases, the rest are still in a state of confusion clinically and pathologically. Even now the etiology is obscure and it is still not clear under what clinical category of heart diseases they should be placed. Despite the fact that from long ago there has been an opinion3) that the etiology should be made clear and a definite diagnostic name should be adopted, even now the old name of "cardiac hypertrophy" has to be used, and the situation is such that these problems are awaiting clarification. Now the following is a rare case report of typical congenital idiopathic cardiomegaly in association with 3 other congenital anomalies the authors have observed. In Japan, so far there has been only 2 reports on idiopathic cardiac hypertrophy (one is a 14 years old girl and another is a 64 years old man). However, our case is the first report of its kind on such a young boy of 6.


Two important defensive mechanisms available to governments combating terrorism are warnings and the deployment of physical resources. Warnings are relatively inexpensive to issue but their effectiveness suffers from false alarms. Physical deployments of trained security personnel can directly thwart attacks but are expensive and need to be targeted to specific locations. In this paper we model the joint optimization of defenses against terrorist attacks based on warnings and physical deployments. We model both private warnings issued to security forces and public warnings broadcast to the general public. By structuring the tradeoffs faced by decision makers in a formal way we shed light on an important public policy problem. We show that the interaction between the use of warnings and physical defenses is complex, significant, and leads to strategies that are seemingly counterintuitive. For public warnings we also model the possible response of terrorists and show how these responses influence the effectiveness of such warnings.


Colluvial soils are usually coarse and widely graded. Shallow-seated failures occur frequently in colluvial soil deposits duringrain- fallinfiltration.Thispaperinvestigatesthebehaviorofcoarse,widelygradedsoilsunderverylowconfiningpressuresof5e25 kPa encountered in shallow-seated failures. Isotropic consolidation tests, drained triaxial tests, and undrained triaxial tests were conducted on several widely graded soils with different coarse contents but with the same void ratio of 0.62. With increasing coarse content, the soil microstructure changes froma fines-controlledstructuretoacoarse-controlledstructureafteracriticalcoarsecontentofapproximately70%.Siltysandwithgravelwith acoarsecontentclosetothecriticalvalueexhibitsthehighestcompressibilitybecauseofthepresenceoflargeinteraggregatepores.Evenunder very low confining pressures, such soil still shows strong contractive behavior during drained loading, and generates large positive pore-water pressures during undrained loading. This explains why shallow-seated failures occur frequently in colluvial soil deposits caused by rainfall infiltration.Soilswithlowerorhighercoarsecontentsthanthecriticalvaluemayshowdilativebehaviorunderthesamelowconfiningpressures. The critical statefriction angle increases with thecoarse content.DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000755.©2013American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Coarse-grained soils; Compression; Landslides; Microstructure; Shear strength; Soil compaction; Soil pressure.


This paper focuses on the simulation about radio waves when they propagate in atmosphere based on GIS.Parameters such as latitude,longtitude and height of a random point on the way of radio wave are also put forward. On the basis of the previous work,the authors make an estimation about power density within the beam covered area.


An efficient coplanar waveguide CPW T-matched slot-loop patch antenna has been designed at 2.45 GHz. DGS is implemented to obtain the 3rd harmonic rejection while the second harmonic resonance is obtained by varying the T match length. The proposed antenna is well suitable for wireless power transmission because no input low pass filter and no via-hole connections are required, resulting in a simpler structure. An electromagnetic simulation has been used to optimize the antenna. The simulated antenna exhibits 4.4 dB gain at 2.45 GHz operating frequency. The return losses at the 2nd and 3rd harmonic frequencies are −1.2dB and −1.6dB respectively.


The objective of the present work is to install a modified suitable and compatible reactor system for the efficient production of renewable liquid fuel (bio-oil) from agro-based bio-mass. This new type of reactor system contains a combustor connected with the upper end of the reactor chamber. The bottom end of the reactor is connected with the bottom part of the combustor by a stainless steel pipe through which hot sand is circulated by the force of air pump. Thus, effective heat transfer from the continuously circulated heated sand as well as efficient biomass conversion into the reactor can be obtained. In this work, jute stick and bagasse abundantly available in Bangladesh were pyrolyzed separately in a continuous feeding circulating fluidized bed reactor at around 500°C for bio-oil production. The total bio-oil yields from bagasse and jute stick were about 69.5 wt% and 68.2 wt% respectively, which are higher than the yields obtained from fixed bed pyrolysis reactor. The total yields of char contents were 19.4 wt% and 21.7wt% after complete pyrolysis of bagasse and jute stick respectively, which are less than that of char yields obtained from fixed bed pyrolysis reactor. Physical and chemical analyses of bio-oils were carried out by conventional methods. The density, viscosity, pH, acid value, water, lignin, solid and ash contents of bio-oils obtained from both jute stick and bagasse were found to be 1.1 g/cc, 3.1 cp, 4.1, 126.3 mgKOH/g, 14.0 wt%, 2.5wt%, 0.05wt%, 0.03wt%, and 1.12 g/cc, 3.2cp, 4.0, 127.1 mgKOH/g, 13.0 wt%, 2.5wt%, 0.015wt%, 0.025wt%, respectively. Key words : Renewable energy; Bio-mass; Bio-oil; Pyrolysis; Fluid bed circulating reactor DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i3.9036 BJSIR 2011; 46(3): 313-322


Hillsboro, Ohio, Dec. 7, 1905. To the Editor: —I am reading with pleasure and profit your special articles on the Physician and the Pharmacopeia. I think this a most excellent step in the right direction. Physicians need to be educated along therapeutic lines from the time they leave their colleges until they are dead. Therapeutics among the mass of general practitioners is the mainstay of medicine. There never was such a need as now. Every other department of medicine has made advances in the past ten or fifteen years.The Journalof the American Medical Association should be the leader and the court of last resort in matters of this kind.


The following paper is a description of an investigation on human connections in living environment. This topic was researched, as human beings today are more and more individualistic. Moreover, such social characteristic is highly present in Slovenian social environment, which served as a context of this investigation. Therefore, the main research question posed has been: how should a neighborhood in Ljubljana be designed and organized according to its functional and physical characteristics that it would encourage connections between its inhabitants, individuals? Research was divided into theoretical and practical part. In the first one, mostly, literature was studied, where in the second one, nine interviews were made with the residents of the city Ljubljana. A notion 'the sense of neighborhood' was realized as a crucial point in connecting inhabitants in the neighborhood. Further more, it has contained two sub-notions, interactions in and identity of the built environment. A list of characteristics of built environment was collected, firstly, encouraging interaction and secondly, strengthening identity. These principles were verified with the use of interviews and are answering the set research question.


This chapter is part of a book manuscript with the working title "MONITORING DEMOCRACY: When international election monitoring works and why it often fails." This chapter follows a theoretical chapter that discusses the possible influence of international monitors on election quality. The present chapter is purely empirical. It examines the influence of international monitors on the quality of individual elections. Using quantitative data to examine the quality of elections provides a far greater breadth of analysis than case studies alone can accomplish. However, using quantitative data to explore the effects of monitors on a given election is complicated. As a previous book chapter discusses, whether an election is monitored depends both on the organizations' interest in observing an election and on domestic willingness to host observers. Both of these factors are likely to be related to the expected quality of an election. This is the classic problem with analyzing data on any form of nonrandom intervention. This chapter begins with a discussion of the measures used to evaluate election quality. It then uses a mix of approaches to explore the data. First it presents some descriptive overviews. It then applies some of the most cutting-edge statistical techniques to reduce the bias introduced by the selection problem discussed above and identify the effect of monitors on election quality. Two appendices are referred to throughout the chapter. Please contact the author for those appendices or other parts of the manuscript if interested.


We used a three-dimensional discrete element method coupled with computational fluid dynamics to study the poromechanical properties of dry and fluid saturated granular fault gouge. The granular layer was sheared under dry conditions to establish a steady state condition of stick-slip dynamic failure and then fluid was introduced to study its affect on subsequent failure events. The fluid saturated case showed increased stick-slip recurrence time and larger slip events compared to the dry case. Particle motion induces fluid flow with local pressure variation, which in turn leads to high particle kinetic energy during slip due to increased drag forces from fluid on particles. The presence of fluid during the stick phase of loading promotes a more stable configuration evidenced by higher particle coordination number. Our coupled fluid-particle simulations provide grain-scale information that improves understanding of slip instabilities and illuminates details of phenomenological, macro-scale observations.


Summary Understanding the effect of temperature on the physical properties of rocks is important to develop deep oil, gas and geothermal resources. However, relatively little effort has thus far been made to capture the temperature effect on velocity in fluid saturated rocks. To overcome this limitation, a double-porosity medium model is developed, which incorporates the Batzle-Wang empirical equations for the pressure and temperature dependence of the pore fluid, as well as the David and Zimmerman models to quantify temperature-dependent micro-crack density. This model is tested on samples of carbonate, for which the variation of ultrasonic P-wave velocity with temperature has been measured. Modeling and experimental data show that the proposed model is versatile enough to quantitively describe the velocity-temperature relation. It turns out that for these rock samples the temperature-dependent fluid properties dominate the velocity-temperature relations.


In this latest book, Dr. Jackson clears the atmosphere of fallacies which still cloud the &dquo;nature-nurture&dquo; controversy, while he brings many new facts to the fore. Myths of Madness spans the spectrum of mental studies and co-ordinates their findings. These are focused for a re-examination of the relative emphases accorded to the biological and social facets of mental disorder. Dr. Jackson refuses to be stampeded into blind retreat by the avalanche of &dquo;evidence&dquo; from the organicists. Scrutinizing relevant disciplines, he cites a host of now historic blunders in research design and data interpretation committed by geneticists and biochemists. He collects their fallacies and concentrates them into a telling critique of the hereditary orientation. His account is a contribution to the history of science which, in recording the current, may rechannel its course.


A 3 year old male presented with inability to run, waddling gait, and progressive lethargy for one year. There was bowing of lower …


In this article, we provide the spectral analysis of a Dirac-type operator on $\mathbb{Z}^2$ by describing the behavior of the spectral shift function associated with a sign-definite trace-class perturbation by a multiplication operator. We prove that it remains bounded outside a single threshold and obtain its main asymptotic term in the unbounded case. Interestingly, we show that the constant in the main asymptotic term encodes the interaction between a flat band and whole non-constant bands. The strategy used is the reduction of the spectral shift function to the eigenvalue counting function of some compact operator which can be studied as a toroidal pseudo-differential operator.


This paper studies the interconnection between industrial clusters and University Science and Technology Parks.The advantages of industrial clusters is elaborated through a case study on the national university science park of Nanjing University and Colleges in Gulou District,China.I analyze how the national university science park formed a scientific and technological innovation system,competitive advantage,and became a high-tech industry innovation base through growing industrial clusters


The problem of asynchronous dissipative static output feedback control for discrete-time MJs with nonlinearities is concerned in this paper. The controller modes and system modes in this studied system model are regarded as asynchronous. Using a Markov chain, which can present the various degrees asynchronous jump, to govern the controller modes. The dissipative control theory is introduced to study the dissipative and stable performance. Through methods of LMI technique and Lyapunov theory, the sufficient condition is derived and an asynchronous static output feedback controller is designed. The stochastically stable and strictly dissipative performance of the closed-loop system is ensured.


A78-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with associated anemia and thrombocytopenia (platelets 25K) underwentMohs micrographic surgery for a 1.0 · 1.0-cm basal-cell carcinoma of the left nasal ala. Tumor clearance was achieved after 2 stages, resulting in a 1.8 · 1.8-cm defect. Reconstruction beganwith a cartilage batten graft harvested from the left antihelix and placement of an interpolated melolabial flap (IMLF). Three days after placement of the IMLF, the patient developed a subcutaneous hematoma resulting in complete flap necrosis. Flap removal and clot evacuation were performed resulting in a defect seen in Figure 1. The underlying cartilage graft seemed viable. How would you repair this defect?


We consider a problem where two selfish cognitive radio users try to share two channels on which they each have potentially different valuations. We first formulate the problem as a non-cooperative simultaneous game, and identify its equilibria. For cases where the resulting Nash equilibria are not efficient, we then propose a novel coordinated channel access mechanism that can be implemented with low overhead in a decentralized fashion. This mechanism, based on the Nash bargaining solution, guarantees full utilization of the spectrum resources while improving the utility of each user compared to the non-cooperative setting. We quantify the resulting gains. Finally, we prove that risk-averse users that are willing to accept offered information at face value have no incentive to lie to each other about their valuations for the non-cooperative game. However, we find that truthfulness is not guaranteed in the bargaining process, suggesting as an open problem the design of an incentive compatible mechanism for bargaining.


Introduction: Bone loss, lack of ingrowth, and use of extended trochanteric osteotomies (ETO) all contribute to loss of proximal support in revision hip arthroplasty, leading to increased stem stresses. Clinical observations of fractured, distally fixed, proximally unsupported stems necessitates methods to mitigate proximal femoral bone loss. This study evaluated various cabling and strut techniques to reduce stem stresses seen with bone loss and ETO. Methods: Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed on a clinical case of a fractured revision stem after an ETO. Stem stresses were determined and multiple treatment options were evaluated. An instrumented extensively porous coated stem was implanted in composite femur models (n=3) and mechanically tested. The stem stresses resulting from proximal overbroaching, ETO, cable grips, and various cable and strut constructs were determined. Results: Stem stresses increased 62 percent with a strut cabled above the distal portion of the ETO using FEA methods. This increase was reduced to as little as 10 percent when a third cable was added distal to the ETO. Stem stresses increased 98 when a proximally loose stem was combined with an ETO using laboratory tests. This stress was decreased by up to 37 percent when a long trochanteric plate was utilized. Discussion and conclusion: This study demonstrates the importance of proximal femoral support to the stresses imparted upon a cementless revision hip prosthesis. In the presence of proximal bone loss, an ETO dramatically increases these stresses, which can be reduced by cabling and strut techniques.


. 1 A multi-stage method for producing an absorbent with increased absorption capacity based on agro-industrial wastes has been proposed. The method includes treatment of raw materials with sulfuric acid, mechanochemical modification, electrostatic separation, and cavitation stage. The expediency of the proposed adsorbent usage in the process of purification of contaminated water from fats, phenols, petroleum products, and heavy metal ions has been proved. The complex application of adsorbents (absorption of gaseous pollutants and wastewater purification) has been tested. Adsorption properties relative to pollutants extraction were found to be better for obtained adsorbents compared with natural absorbents and activated carbon.


Hydraulic generating systems are widely modeled in the literature for investigating their stability properties by means of transfer functions representing the dynamic behavior of the reservoir, penstock, surge tank, hydro-turbine, and the generator. Traditionally, in these models the electrical load is assumed constant to simplify the modeling process. This assumption can hide interesting dynamic behaviors caused by fluctuation of the load as actually occurred. Hence, in this study, the electrical load characterized with periodic excitation is introduced into a hydraulic generating system and the responses of the system show a novel dynamic behavior called the fast–slow dynamic phenomenon. To reveal the nature of this phenomenon, the effects of the three parameters (i.e., differential adjustment coefficient, amplitude, and frequency) on the dynamic behaviors of the hydraulic generating system are investigated, and the corresponding change rules are presented. The results show that the intensity of the fast–slow dynamic behaviors varies with the change of each parameter, which provides reference for the quantification of the hydraulic generating system parameters. More importantly, these results not only present rich nonlinear phenomena induced by multi-timescales, but also provide some theoretical bases for maintaining the safe and stable operation of a hydropower station.


This research work relates to the school adjustment and its impact on the inclusion of autistic children that are 4 years old Education Unit Praga.

Inclusive education should be based on equal opportunities essential to the overall
development of children strategic resources, it is important socialization processes, such as home school and social environment…..


Abstract Coral reefs in Okinawa, Japan, have declined due mostly to human pressures. There are still possiblities to restore coral reefs locally by amelioration or removal of the local chronic stressors. Political support, scientific information, and the will of local stakeholders are crucial for successful amelioration. Development of techniques for restoration by artificial efforts such as underwater silviculture and transplantation are definitely required. Coral propagules for transplantation may be cultured by either of two approaches: asexual or sexual propagation. The rehabilitation of coral reefs by means of asexual propagation is simple and less labour-intensive compared to sexual techniques. However, most of the transplanted pieces share the donors' limited DNA, giving the reef a smaller gene pool. On the other hand, sexual propagation may result in genetically more diverse corals, but is labour-intensive and more expensive. Both techniques require devices for rearing after transplantation. This will become one of the key areas of research in the near future. Some 4-year-old colonies of Acropora tenuis, cultured from eggs and transplanted to the seabed at Akajima, Okinawa, had grown to 20–25 cm in diameter and initially spawned in June 2009. This indicated the possibility of using this technique to assist local coral reef restoration. Although the small scale of success so far may not be significant, given the wide range of degradation of coral reefs, certain methods of rehabilitation have proved promising enough to continue our endeavour.


Private ownership is central to the contemporary history of the media, but other models of governance have thrived on the margins of the industry. Recent shifts in the media sector, caused by a multi-factorial crisis, spur interest in these alternative structures, among which the co-operative stands out. This article identifies and characterizes the different types of co-operatively-owned journalistic organizations. Using the scoping review as a research method, we collect, select and examine academic and institutional texts. As a result of this analysis, we infer five types of co-op in the media business, which respond to the needs of a variety of actors: journalists, media, the public and the co-operative movement. Thus, the article contributes to conceptual clarification and provides a theoretical basis for the emerging field of study of co-operatives in media and journalism.


This paper proposes a new RF rectifier with a dynamically extendable RF-DC power conversion (> 50%) range. Compared to typical rectifiers, the adopted power combining topology extends the dynamic efficient range by ~ 3 dB, while maintaining acceptable performance at low powers. A 1.84 GHz rectifier with the proposed topology is designed. A prototype of the designed rectifier is fabricated and tested. It is shown that the proposed rectifier maintains acceptable conversion efficiency over a power range extending from 2 dBm to 11 dBm. The performance of such rectifier is to be assessed using different antenna configurations dedicated to harvest RF and/or solar energy to power battery-less devices.


Hot water-insoluble cell wall polysaccharides of immature and mature Dioscorea dumetorum and D. rotundata yam tubers have been characterized in enzymatically destarched flours and were mainly constituted of cellulose followed by hemicellulosic polymers of xylose, galactose, mannose and arabinose. Immature tubers of both species contained a higher proportion of cell wall carbohydrates than mature ones essentially because of their low starch content. Storage of mature tubers of both species induced an increase of cell wall polysaccharides content particularly for D. dumetomm. The strong hardening of D. dumetorum yam during storage was characterized by the deposition of a xylose-containing polymer and of additional cellulose and by the lignification of the tubers.


The carnival of cricket, the Indian Premier League, is a franchise based cricket tournament held in the months of April and May annually. The league was founded by the Board of Control for Cricket in India in 2007. It is a cash rich league and large amounts of money are involved in making the event a success. The teams fight tooth-and-nail to get their hands on the coveted trophy. In this paper, the patterns seen in the last 10 seasons of IPL in terms of nationality of the captain and success of the team have been analysed and discussed. The success of a captain has been analysed on the basis of number of times the team he led, reached the Top 4 of the tournament. The odds discussed are about the probability that a captain of a particular nationality had at the beginning of the tournament.


As the system gets to be more intelligent, the more information of outer environments and vehicle itself are needed accordingly. The sensor devices are responsible of detecting those information and transferring them to the main processor of the system. Among them, ESC is the vehicle stabilizing system by using brake force. In ESC system, Sensor Cluster is very important sensor module responsible of measuring the yaw rate and lateral acceleration motion of the vehicle. Sensor Cluster mainly comprises of yaw rate sensor, acceleration sensor, and micro-controller. In the transimission processof measured signals by yaw rate sensor and acceleration sensor, one of the most important requirements is cutoff frequency requirement within the limited time and tolerable performance after processing sensor signals through the microprocessor. In this paper, the efficient method of designing the appropriate digital filter satisfying the requirements was presented and FIR and IIR filter were implemented and compared to the end.


Optical sectioning capability of fiber-optic scanning microscope using 9 cm long GRIN-rod lens probe has been demonstrated. Transverse resolution 1.3 micrometers and longitudinal resolution 30 micrometers were achieved. Dimensions of the probe allow the use of the device as an endoscope.


The liberation of mankind is Marx's ultimate aim. For the way leading to the historical status of liberation of mankind, Laclau and Mouffe, the theoreticians of post Marxism, with considerable influences in the modern West, put forward the revolutionary strategic thinking of "radical multivariate democracy", and advocated the replacing of proletarian liberation struggle claimed by Marxism with the radical multivariate democracy, and strived to "revise" the traditional Marxist theory in the present times. The radical multivariate democracy is a different way marching toward the liberation of mankind put forward by Laclau and Mouffe, the post-Marxists. It tries to fabricate a kind of multivariate democratic idea with uncertainty, otherness, variety, anti-universalism, anti-essentialism by aid of post-modern theory and criticizing modernity. In this way it aims to march toward liberation of mankind. The Laclau and Mouffe's theory on post-Marxism expresses the tropism of the value of socialism, but in reality, it is a compromise to capitalism.


This paper first reviews the concept of business model and business model innovation, the business model frameworks and issues in current enterprise data centres, and then investigates the key factors which drive the data centre transformation and the challenges and risks that the operators of the current or traditional data centres are facing. This paper discusses the main characteristics of the next generation data centre - cloud computing oriented data centre and presents the key concerns of building the cloud computing oriented data centres. Based on the above analysis and discussion, this paper presents a new and practical integrated business model framework to strategically address the key issues regarding the planning, building and operation of cloud computing oriented data centre collectively from business, management and technology perspective based on the strong belief that an enterprise data centre should be built as service oriented platform, and be managed and operated as a pure business. The author has presented, used and applied this framework in several real cases in China during last one year and half with positive feedbacks from the clients.


Pathophysiological mechanisms of neurological disorders in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are poorly understood, partly because of a lack of high-resolution neuroimaging data. We applied SynthSR, a convolutional neural network that synthesizes high-resolution isotropic research-quality data from thick-slice clinical MRI data, to a cohort of 11 patients with severe COVID-19. SynthSR successfully synthesized T1-weighted MPRAGE data at 1 mm spatial resolution for all 11 patients, each of whom had at least one brain lesion. Correlations between volumetric measures derived from synthesized and acquired MPRAGE data were strong for the cortical grey matter, subcortical grey matter, brainstem, hippocampus, and hemispheric white matter (r=0.84 to 0.96, p[≤]0.001), but absent for the cerebellar white matter and corpus callosum (r=0.04 to 0.17, p>0.61). SynthSR creates an opportunity to quantitatively study clinical MRI scans and elucidate the pathophysiology of neurological disorders in patients with COVID-19, including those with focal lesions.


The task of the criminal procedure defined in terms of clarifying and resolving the main case of a criminal proceedings - criminal matter (causa criminalis) is achieved by the application of legally standardized basic procedural principles. The possibility given to the parties in a criminal proceedings to actively participate in it represents one of the basic features of the accusatory system of criminal proceedings. The principle of contradiction refers to the right of any procedural party to declare itself to the procedural actions of the opposing party before the competent court bases its decision on these procedural actions. The principle of contradiction is one of the general elements of the right to a fair trial. Therefore, the right of contradiction (contradicere) opposing the allegations of the other party is, together with the principle of immediacy, in a direct function of achieving the principle of a fair trial in our legal system. It is present during the whole criminal proceedings, but it mostly becomes prominent to expressing the evidence at the main trial. The Code of Criminal Procedure of Republic of Serbia has explicitly not envisaged the principle of contradiction. However, in addition of being involved in the main trial, as the main phase of the criminal proceedings, this principle extends through the entire criminal procedure, both the first instance and the second instance. Although not explicitly proclaimed in the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the principle of contradiction has developed in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights as a general element of the right to a fair trial.


In this study, a serially concatenated scheme of polar codes with convolutional codes is proposed to improve the error correction performance. The novel belief propagation (BP) decoding algorithm addresses two issues that are present in the currently available BP decoding algorithms. The first issue is the poor performance of the BP decoding algorithms, in particular the introduction of an error floor. The second is the component codes can only use systematic codes in the traditional concatenated scheme of polar codes with convolutional codes, which inhibits the effective update of the prior information of the redundant check bits. The proposed BP decoding algorithm is based on right-directed message processing, which effectively improves the decoding performance. In addition, the proposed concatenated scheme extends the selection of component codes from the systematic polar codes to the non-systematic polar codes. Hence, the areas of applications and the prior information of information bits for polar codes are expanded and more effectively updated, respectively. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is much better than the traditional concatenated scheme, and the error floor is no longer introduced in terms of the block error rate, while the storage and computational complexities have not increased obviously.


This is an endeavor to implement a real time cryptographic system to enhance security over the systems. There are about various encrypting techniques available for secure transmission of data. But, we use here the standard algorithms namely RSA, RABIN, TDES and PC-1 working on text messages. The transmission of data can be made through conventional modems through the telephone lines or via the internet which may be performed using various socket programs. We have used both symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms so as to provide a large coverage for the user. The algorithms used were selected by keeping in mind their effectiveness and efficiency. This project was built on Java TM and can be used in any operating system.


Thanks to the advantages of high power density and the capacity of bidirectional power transfer, the <italic>CLLC</italic> resonant converter is widely used in the hybrid ac–dc microgrid as a dc transformer to interlink the ac and dc bus. Since the voltages of ac and dc bus are controlled by the energy management system, the <italic>CLLC</italic> resonant converter operates under open-loop condition, which means the switching frequency and duty cycle are fixed. As a result, in the hybrid ac–dc microgrid applications, for the <italic>CLLC</italic> converter, the main concern is not the voltage regulation but the conversion efficiency. This paper focuses on the total power loss optimization and the magnetic design of the <italic>CLLC</italic> resonant converter based on artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm. In order to optimize the total power loss, an AI algorithm-based two-stage optimal design method is proposed. In the first stage, the total power loss, including the driving loss, turn-<sc>off</sc> loss, conduction loss of the switches, the power loss of the resonant capacitances, and copper and core loss of the transformer are optimized by the proposed AI algorithm, GA+PSO, and the optimal parameters, including the leakage inductances (<italic>Lr</italic>1 and <italic>Lr</italic>2), magnetizing inductance (<italic>Lm</italic>), and resonant capacitances (<italic>Cr</italic>1 and <italic>Cr</italic>2) are derived. In the second stage, the optimal leakage inductances and magnetizing inductance are realized by setting proper distance between the primary winding and the secondary winding (<italic>dw</italic>), and the thickness of the air gap (<italic>da</italic>). As for the magnetic design, in this paper, the leakage inductances of a planar transformer are used as the resonant inductances. The equations of <italic>dw</italic> and <italic>da</italic> to achieve the optimal leakage inductances and magnetizing inductance are derived. Both the proposed optimal design method and the equations of <italic>dw</italic> and <italic>da</italic> are validated by simulations and experiments.


Combined with practical work in one steel plant,appearance quality of steel crane girder is inspected.In view of the change of crane girder structure checking calculation of load is made.Results show present bearing capacity,local stability and deformation can not meet the renovation requirement,which needs reinforcement treatment.


Azobenzene-containing poly(amic acid)s and resulting polyimides were synthesized. Polymers differed in the polymer backbone structure and the position at which the azobenzene group was attached to the polymer chain. Polymers were characterized and evaluated using Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR and UV-visible spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis. Polyimides revealed glass transition temperatures in the range 160–265 °C, and thermal stability with decomposition temperatures in the range 336–444 °C. The thermal imidization kinetics of poly(amic acid)s was investigated by means of DSC. Kinetic parameters, such as the activation energy (E) and the frequency factor, were estimated using the Ozawa and Kissinger models. The values of E, determined using both methods, were in the range 142.52–200.92 kJ mol−1. The photoinduced optical anisotropy (POA) was studied in the obtained azopolymers using a holographic grating recording technique. Surface relief gratings, which appeared after light exposure, were observed using atomic force microscopy. For the first time to the best of our knowledge, photoinduced anisotropy in poly(amic acid)s was studied and compared with POA in their polyimide analogues. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry


To the Editor: Dr Trock and colleagues analyzed the effect of salvage treatment after radical prostatectomy on prostate cancer–specific survival. They concluded that "these results could motivate a clinical trial comparing adjuvant with salvage radiotherapy, with prostate cancer–specific survival and overall survival as the primary end points." The recently opened RADICALS (Radiotherapy and Androgen Deprivation in Combination After Local Surgery) trial (ISRCTN40814031) is currently addressing this issue. November 12, 2008, Vol 300, No. 18 >


Shigellosis is an acute gastrointestinal infection. Shigella has no reservoir in nature and the transmission of this disease is virtually always from one person to another. The normal routes of transmission for infectious gastrointestinal diseases are food contamination or/ and oral-fecal contact [1]. Since the 1970s, shigellosis has also been reported as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in men who have sex with men (MSM) due to unprotected sexual activity [2]. Recently, epidemiological data has shown that MSM have tended to get the sexually transmitted form of these diseases at much higher rates than the general population [3].


As demonstrated previously, 1 the ventral and dorsal gastric vagus trunks in the dog run symmetrically with each other along the lesser curvature of the stomach. Their secondary branches pass across the stomach, transversely to its long axis (Fig. 1). The Pavlov pouch technic was based upon the erroneous anatomical concept that only the ventral trunk runs along the lesser curvature, whereas the dorsal trunk courses along the greater curvature. In consequence, the bulk of the vagal supply to the pouch was unwittingly sacrificed by the operative procedure. To determine whether there exists a physiological counterpart to this anatomical deficiency, it is necessary to compare the Pavlov type of pouch with one in which the vagi are anatomically undisturbed. Such a pouch has been successfully made in 6 animals by the following technic: An upper abdominal incision is made slightly to the left of the midline, to avoid the falciform ligament. The stomach is delivered through the wound, milked out, and a single gastric clamp is applied parallel to its long axis and across both fundus and pylorus, as high up as the exposure will permit (Fig. 1). The abdomen is then packed off in the usual manner. The anterior vagal trunk may be seen accompanying the right and left gastric arteries along the lesser curvature of the stomach; its secondary branches accompany the secondary vascular branches (not shown) as they run transversely to the long axis of the stomach. The initial incision in the stomach starts at A on the greater curvature, abut 1 inch proximal to the junction of the pyloric antrum with the body of the stomach. From this point it runs about half way across both the anterior and posterior stomach walls in a direction parallel to the secondary vagal branches.


An EUV source is a critical component for the industrial extension of EUVL to feature sizes of 45 nm and beyond. In the ITRS road map, the current specification requires an EUV source capable of producing inband radiation at 13.5 nm in excess of 115 W collectable over a 2% bandwidth at the intermediate focus (IF). This calls for extreme plasma parameters of unprecedented radiation efficiency.

DPPs, such as the hollow-cathode-triggered (HCT) Z-pinch, capillary discharge, and dense plasma focus (DPF), and also LPPs, are considered as possible candidates for the creation of a compact EUV radiation source. In plasma discharges, low-Z materials such as Li (Z = 3) or various high-Z materials such as Sn (Z = 50), In (Z = 49), or the gases Kr (Z = 36) and Xe (Z = 54), for instance, are considered for the generation of EUV radiation. The 5p-4f transitions in xenon ions Xe XI and 4d-4f resonances of a set of tin ions Xe V–XIV emit intensely in the 1.5-nm 2%-bandwidth spectral band. Knowledge of the behavior of discharge plasmas with low- and high-Z elements is critical for the study of DPP or LPP and is of vital importance in the design of EUV sources.

A suitable source of radiation in the case of a high-Z radiator is the radiating multicharged ion plasma heated up to tens of electron volts. In such sources the complicated atomic and plasma physics, the nonstationary, nonequilibrium ionization process, and the radiation transport and plasma dynamics with self-consistent electromagnetic field (for discharge plasmas) interact strongly with each other. In a DPP plasma, heating is effected through several physical mechanisms: Joule dissipation; viscous kinetic energy dissipation, driven by the magnetic j × B force, in compression waves; and P d V work of the preheated plasma. The energy deposition in the discharge often exceeds 10 keV per ion to create the highly charged ion plasma. The ionization degree may reach 10 or higher. A significant part of the deposited energy is radiated. Radiation may be partially trapped, especially in the most intense lines. Optical properties and the plasma equation of state (EOS) are, as a rule, in conditions far from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), i.e., in a non-LTE state.


This book, part of Kogan Page's Open and Distance L earning series edited by Fred Lockwood, sets itself the task of addressing the ways in which C&IT and the use of the Internet are impacting on Higher Education, with a particular focus on their use in the support of learning and teaching. It looks at the drivers of change, the issues and challenges and offers advice and commendable notes of caution. The authors are all from De Montfort University and active in learning development and learning technology, with experience in a wide range of roles. The book is logically divided into ten chapters. The first of these sets the scene in terms of challenges with a thorough discussion of factors from the UK and internationally and introduces resource-based learning (RBL). This is followed by a chapter expanding the discussion of RBL into a fairly in-depth discussion of course design and pedagogy. Whilst this section is well presented and logically developed, I feel it is a shame that there is an almost total concentration on the 'conversational' models of learning of Pask and Laurillard, albeit of great significance, ignoring other models such as the work done on situated learning and cognitive apprenticeship by the likes of Jean Lave and John Seely Brown. This seemed at conflict with the (admirable) emphasis on the need for learning to be an active process. Following a helpful overview of learning style and approaches to learning, the chapter concludes with the authors' proposed framework for course design. Chapter three provides an overview of Internet delivery technologies and leads into an excellent discussion of course development and delivery via the Internet in the fourth chapter. This offers solid advice and highlights many possible pitfalls whilst leaving the reader feeling optimistic that, although hard work, such development is achievable. Another helpful overview in chapter five, this time of the types of resources available on the Web, is followed in chapter six by a discussion of computer-mediated communication in its many forms, including conferencing and video-conferencing. This is a particularly strong section, explaining the differences between the different forms, and, importantly, the various roles that must be played by tutors and learners. I warmed strongly to the caveat that '[these tools] do not foster interactivity in themselves' and that the role of the tutor is still central. The next chapter looks at computer-aided assessment, and unlike many such discussions, does not confine itself to objective testing but also looks at short answer tests and essay marking, and does not overlook the problem of plagiarism. The chapter on integrated systems looks at virtual learning environments (VLEs) and issues of integration between systems. The section on VLEs disappointed me somewhat, being (admittedly) centred around a feature set taken from WebCT. I would have liked to have seen more on how VLEs can differ, both in tool set and pedagogic emphasis. This section ends with issues of comparative evaluation and wisely warns the reader that there is probably no single right answer when it comes to choice of system. The chapter concludes with the vital topic of standards for interoperability and explains the particular importance of the work of the Instructional Management Systems (IMS) project.


A latch for a circuit interrupter is provided wherein a movable member having a contact attached thereto is latched in a selected position by a spring member which is deflected by the movable member until a predetermined distance is exceeded at which time the spring member moves into a latching position with respect to a latching surface provided on the movable member. In its simplest form the latch uses a single piece of spring wire. As a movable member moves past, the spring wire moves aside and once the movable member has completely passed the wire, the wire springs back into place preventing the contacts from reclosing. A reset is provided which permits the contact arms to be closed by moving the spring member to one side. The disclosed latch is very fast acting, can be independently actuated for each phase, and can be positioned so as to not interfere with low current operation of the switching device on which it is employed.


Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles are focused to promote the pathological specificity and controlled therapeutic activation in biomedicine, but the precise modulation of theranostic function remains challenging. Herein, polymer prodrug-based theranostic systems are developed to achieve precision diagnostic/therapeutic applications in biomedicine.


he critical velocity effect at railway trackbed means the amplification of vibration energy when the train running speed and group velocity of ground surface wave band are superimposed. It is called a pseudoresonance phenomenon of time domain. In the past, it is not issued because the train running speed is low and the ground group velocity is higher. But the ultra-highspeed train is introduced, it is reported that critical velocity affect to track irregularity. Until now, only theoretical analysis is performed because of the complexity for formation process. However it need to reasonable consideration similar with actual track and trackbed conditions. In this paper, the finite element analysis to verify the critical velocity effect is performed considering the each trackbed supporting stiffness (30∼200MPa) and train running speed (100∼800km/h). As a result, the deformation amplification is verified which is happened by the critical velocity effect. In case of the trackbed stiffness is 131MPa and train running speed is 600km/h, the vertical vibration velocity is amplified up to 4.1 times.


Footprint is one of the most intuitive metrics in measuring locality and the memory behavior of programs. Much of the footprint research has been done on workloads consisting of independent sequential applications. For threaded applications, however, the traditional metric of footprint is inadequate since it does not directly measure data sharing. This paper proposes two new metrics called shared footprint and sharing ratio to capture the amount of active data sharing in a threaded execution. It also presents an empirical characterization of the data sharing behaviors using these metrics on the PARSEC Benchmark Suite. Based on the initial results, this paper discusses possible uses of the new metrics in program tuning and optimization for threaded applications on multicore processors.


Knowledge of the conduction mechanisms on gas sensors is necessary to improve the performances of the sensors. The impedance spectroscopy is a powerful method to understand the conduction processes in the metal-oxide gas sensors. The impedance evolution of WO3 sensors for different concentrations of reducing gas (ethanol) or oxidizing gas (ozone) is studied. The Nyquist responses show that the ozone mainly affects the grain boundaries, whereas ethanol mainly acts on the bulk conduction properties. A comparison between bare WO3 and palladium (Pd) or gold (Au) activated WO3 surface shows that Au improves the sensitivity to ethanol, whereas Pd inhibits the sensitivity to both ozone and ethanol. The impedance spectra show a modification of conduction in the grain boundaries, due to the presence of Au and Pd nanoclusters.


The aim of this work is to analyze the effectiveness of thoracoscopic ablation (TSA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) and to define the risk factors for the return of atrial tachyarrhythmias after TSA in the long-term follow-up period.Methods. From January 2019 to December 2021, 150 patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (persistent 29.3% monitoring at the control points of the study, the results of which evaluated the effectiveness of the procedure.Results. The overall efficiency of TSA in the long-term follow-up period was 72.5%. After off-antiarrhythmic drugs, freedom from any atrial tachyarrhythmias was 79.2%, 70.5% and 68.9% after 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. Additional catheter ablations after 3 months increase the effectiveness of the procedure to 82.9%. Important risk factors for the return of arrhythmia after TSA should be considered the patient's age, duration of AF, previous catheter ablations and the left atria diameter of more 40 mm.Conclusion. The hybrid approach significantly improves the effectiveness of TSA for patients with non-paroxysmal forms of AF. The results obtained require further study of this problem in order to improve the quality of TSA and determine the optimal set of ablation lines, considering the risk factors for the return of arrhythmia.


Abstract:Written in letter form, Love's Cross-Currents: A Year's Letters, A.C. Swinburne's only completed novel, mimics the epistolary fiction of the eighteenth century. This essay argues that Swinburne exploits this genre's engagement with spectacles of suffering to afford his readers access to sadomasochistic pleasures.


Where φ generalized coordinate; ) (φ R , ) (φ! H restoring and dissipative characteristic; ) (t P parameter of an external disturbance. The non-linearity of dynamic systems, as a rule, is a consequent of non-linearity inertial and rigid of the characteristics. Peculiarities of investigated systems is: − relation of oscillation frequency to frequency; − capability of originating suband superharmonic oscillations; − multi regimes on a fixed frequency of a disturbance; − capability of originating of a spurious oscillation. These phenomena can become the cause of destruction or installation of emergency operation in dynamic systems. On the other hand, usage of non-linear effects described above, allows to increase efficiency of vibration machines, and also to engineer qualitatively new vibration, signal and vibration proved of the device. At analytical investigation of oscillations there is a necessity of construction of mathematical model. For this purpose will use the data of technical drawings, descriptions, and also other documentation about frame and values of separate parameters. However in some cases this information can be poor. Effective thus there is usage of methods of identification of systems. They are concluded on construction of mathematical model of object on experimental records.


The present invention relates to antibacterials FISH containing, as active substance, quinoline derivatives, their salts or hydrates of the general formula (I) wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or REFERS A GROUP lower hydroxyalkyl, and R2 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group.


The importance of followers in the leader-follower relationship has been overlooked in leadership research, with scholars often prioritizing the study of leadership itself, as noted by Meindl's "The Romance of Leadership". However, it is crucial to recognize that successful execution and goal achievement heavily rely on the actions and attitudes of followers. Given the current COVID-19 situation and widespread adoption of remote work culture, there has been a permanent shift in the dynamics of leadership and followership in favour of the latter. The purpose of this research is to provide a valuable contribution to the academic field by conducting an empirical investigation of Kelley's The Followership Questionnaire (TFQ), specifically focusing on its sub-scales of Independent Critical Thinking (ICT) and Active Engagement (AE), within the Indian context. Specifically, the study seeks to identify prevalent followership styles within a chosen organization and analyse the relationship between these styles and demographic variables. By administering the Followership Questionnaire to 228 participants from the State of Maharashtra in India, this study can shed light on the importance of followership in the leader-follower relationship, particularly in the context of the prevalent work from home culture and ongoing pandemic. The findings of this study have practical implications for leadership practices and strategies aimed at fostering more effective relationships between leaders and their followers. Ultimately, the research highlights the need to recognize the critical role of followers in achieving organizational success and emphasizes the importance of studying followership in various contexts.


As a branch of artificial intelligence, swarm intelligence refers to the collective behavior of decentralized, selforganized systems. Swarm intelligence is mainly to attract, gather, and manage large-scale participants interacting locally with one another and with their environment. It aims to jointly cope with challenging tasks by means of competition, cooperation, and other independent or collaborative ways, especially the complex system decision-making tasks in the open environment, which leads to the emergence of intelligent global behavior, unknown to individuals.


Inheritance and fitness consequences of resistance to fen valerate in Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), the beet army worm, were evaluated with inbred lines of fenvalerate resistant and susceptible populations. Ancestors of the fen valerate-resistant population were exposed to a selection regime of multiple insecticides in the wild and were subsequently selected intensely with fenvalerate in the laboratory. Tolerance distributions of six generations of known relationship, derived from crosses of the inbred lines and their offspring, were estimated using susceptibility data. Because the tolerance distributions of the parental and F, generations overlapped, discrimination between a polygenic and monogenic model of fen valerate resistance inheritance was difficult. By fitting mean tolerance of these and the F. and two back cross generations to additive-dominance models, variation of mean tolerance among generations was adequately explained by a reduced polygenic model of five parameters that included epistatic effects of additive-by-additive and additive-by-dominance digenic interactions. Therefore, a polygenic model of inheritance seemed most plausible to explain fenvalerate resistance expression. Measurements of fecundity and development time differed among generations. Although an additive fitness cost explained a significant amount of the observed variation, resistance may be acting on these traits in a complex manner. Polygenic inheritance of resistance and fluctuating fitness effects because of changing patterns of fenvalerate use may contribute to the spatial and temporal variation in resistance seen in wild populations.


Abnormalities of the teeth, in particular of the dentin, in osteogenesis imperfecta (01) have been recognized for many years.41 Yet, little use has been made of the teeth in diagnosis, classification, laboratory investigation or genetic counseling in 01, despite the similarities between dentin, skin and bone: the extracellular organic matrices of all three tissues are composed primarily of collagen and glycosaminoglycans. 13*24 .32942


Depending on the dopant concentration, two distinct types of porous silicon can be formed during the anodization of silicon in hydrofluoric acid. A range of samples of both types of porous silicon has been investigated using x‐ray double crystal diffraction techniques. The crystal lattice of porous silicon is found to be tetragonally distorted. In the plane of the substrate, the interplanar spacing of the porous film is identical to that of the substrate but is increased in the direction normal to it. The increase is typically 700 ppm in the type of film formed on heavily doped silicon and 6000 ppm in that on lightly doped silicon. We propose that stresses, generated by the growth of a native oxide on the surface of the pores, are responsible for the observed increase in lattice parameter. The different interplanar spacings of the two types of film are related to the observed differences in their oxygen contents which are a consequence of their different surface area to volume ratios.


This study explored the experiences of 80 home health aides (HHAs) whose client died within the last 2 months. Data collection involved comprehensive semi-structured in-person interviews to try to better understand characteristics of HHAs and their clients associated with preparedness for death. Among those, personal end-of-life (EOL) care preferences of HHAs and having knowledge of preferences and decisions regarding client's EOL care showed significant links to preparedness. Findings suggest that HHAs' preparedness for client death could be enhanced both by addressing their personal views on EOL care and by providing more information about the client's EOL care plans.


The paper studied the application of expert system technology to the duration estimate of network planning.The field knowledge of network planning was analyzed.The paper adopted the method of object-oriented knowledge representation and discussed the reasoning mechanism of ESDENP.The main structure and main function of the system were also introduced.


In this work we perform a full ab initio density-functional theory calculation, within the embedding method, of the Auger spectra of atomic impurities both inside a metal bulk and just inside the solid surface and chemisorbed on it. We consider a Na atom on and in a jellium-Ag host. In particular, the Auger spectra of the electronic transitions ${\mathrm{KL}}_{1}V$ and ${\mathrm{KL}}_{2,3}V$ (core-core-valence) are worked out. The calculated profiles display features which are different for the same atom adsorbed on a metal and inside the same bulk material. Such specific features could help identifying the contribution to the measured Auger signal only due to adsorbates.


Synthesis of long-chain branched polymers has been a crucial concern in the polyolefin industry. In this study, a method to produce long-chain branches (LCBs) in coordinative chain transfer copolym...


DC faults may cause severe disruptions in continuity of service to vital loads in a shipboard integrated power system, hence detection, isolation, and protection against such faults must be incorporated in both medium-voltage DC (MVDC) and low-voltage DC (LVDC) systems. Here we consider the effectiveness of existing z-source breakers and propose several new designs more appropriate for fault detection in MVDC and LVDC systems. In particular, we perform an optimization study that aims to minimize dissipation and weight and we identify the key parameters for use in MVDC and LVDC systems. Preliminary verification and validation studies are also included.


ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is a type of cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between awareness of cervical cancer and HPV infection and attitudes towards HPV vaccine among women aged 15-49 years. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted at Karabük Training and Research Hospital, Turkey. METHODS: 500 women who visited the gynecology outpatient clinic of a public hospital between July 15 and December 31, 2019, were selected through random sampling. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire comprising nine questions (created by the researchers), the HPV and Cervical Cancer Awareness Questionnaire and the Carolina HPV Immunization Attitudes and Beliefs Scale. RESULTS: The relationship between the awareness questionnaire and the beliefs scale was explained through simple effect modeling of a structural equation. The women's knowledge score regarding cervical cancer and HPV infection was 4.69 ± 4.02 out of 15. Women were afraid of being diagnosed with cervical cancer and HPV infection, but they did not have sufficient information. They had poor information about the HPV vaccine, did not know how to obtain the vaccine and did not have enough information about its benefits and harmful effects. Women who were afraid of getting cervical cancer, and who thought that they were at risk, had more information about the HPV vaccine. CONCLUSION: Women need information about cervical cancer, HPV infection and the HPV vaccine. Midwives, nurses and physicians who provide healthcare services in gynecological follow-ups should provide information to women about the HPV vaccine and cervical cancer.


In order to study heavy metal pollution situation and its variation characteristics and dynamic factors along the Bijiang River,totally 25 samples of water and sediment in upstream and downstream of the Jinding lead-zinc mining area were collected in January 2010.By using single-factor evaluation method and Nemerow index method,the degree of water pollution was evaluated.The results showed that the downstream water quality of the mining area in the dry season belongs to the III class of surface water.However,for the serious contamination by heavy metals,governance is very difficult,and a small amount of heavy metal pollutants have spread into the Lancang River.The curve chart derived from data analyzing presents the change trends of Zn,Pb and As in water along the river,and it was discovered that Jinding mining area is the fundamental source of heavy metal pollution of Bijiang River,and with the increase of distance away from the mining area,the concentration of heavy metals in water decreased when their descent rates tended to slow down;while,as the differences of migration and transfer properties between water and sediment,there were differences among the decline process of Zn,Pb and As.Meanwhile,the barrages on the river have more influence on migration and transfer of Zn and Pb,but As seems unaffected.Furthermore,some other potential pollution sources in the basin caused abnormal concentration changes of Pb,especially As in some parts of the river.


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OBJECTIVE Through monitoring on rural drinking water in recent years in Sanya, to understand the change trend of water quality of rural drinking, to provide reliable scientific basis to improve the quality of the drinking water. METHODS Chose five towns in Sanya during 2009-2011 as monitoring stations, in the wet and dry seasons, sampled water, tested samples according to "Standard test methods for drinking water" (GB / T5750-2006), evaluated the results according to the " Drinking water health standard"(GB5749-2006). RESULTS During 2009-2011, a total of 220 water samples were detected, the qualified rate was 60.9%, among them, the qualified rates were 48.6% , 63.4% and 75.6% during 2009-2011, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 14.04, P﹤ 0.01). The qualified rate of bacteriology index was only 69.09%. The differences in qualified rates of water in five towns were found (χ 2 = 16.42, P ﹤ 0.01). In addition, the qualified rates in wet and dry seasons, finished water and pipe water were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The qualified rate of living and drinking water in rural area of Sanya is low, bacteriology index is the important factor for quality of rural drinking water, which suggests to strengthen the supervision and monitoring in drinking water source, in order to ensure the health of the residents.


Understanding of entrepreneurial learning has become an increasingly emphasized topic. Many studies have been made and many theories have been proposed. In this study I analyze entrepreneurial learning through a number of different models using my own experience as data. I try to seek an understanding of how the frameworks fit on my own experiences. For creating a better understanding of entrepreneurial learning I also suggest a new model explaining how I perceive the whole entrepreneurial learning process.


AbstractIn the aftermath of disasters, material convergence (the influx of material donations) can cause extreme negative impacts and has been described as a second disaster. Donations that are non...


The purpose of this report is twofold. First, this report documents the technical evaluation supporting the Project Hanford Management Contract (PHMC) contractor recommendation to close the Unreviewed Safety Question (USQ) as originally evaluated in TF-94-0260, Soil Compaction Test Data Indicates Soil Density in Excess of Density Used in Tank Qualification Analysis for AP Tank Farm. Second, this report describes the status of existing structural analyses for the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) waste storage structures and outlines the associated technical upgrades being considered by the contractor. This second feature of the report serves to communicate the distinction between the soil density issue which is the topic of the open USQ and other technical issues which are important to the contractor from a programmatic standpoint. Contractor actions to address the latter technical issues would support improvements in day-to-day operations (e.g., provide possible relaxations in soil load restrictions) but are not necessary to close the soil density USQ. Section 2.0 of this report documents the rationale for the PHMC contractor recommendation to the Department of Energy (DOE) to close the soil density USQ. Section 3.0 documents the recommended structural analyses improvements for the double-shell tanks (DSTs) which are the structures associated with the soil density USQ. Sections 4.0 and 5.0 provide, for completeness, the same information for single-shell tanks (SSTs), double-contained receiver tanks (DCRTs), catch tanks and inactive miscellaneous underground storage tanks (IMUSTs). Section 6.0 provides the conclusions of this report.


The future of wireless system is facing the problem of spectrum scarcity. Number of users is increasing rapidly but available spectrum is limited. The Cognitive Radio (CR) network technology can enable the unlicensed users to share the frequency spectrum with the licensed users on a dynamic basis without creating any interference to primary user. Whenever secondary user finds that primary user is not transmitting and channel is free then it uses channel opportunistically. In this paper cognitive radio with predictive capability using artificial neural network has been proposed. The advantage of such cognitive user is saving of time and energy for spectrum sensing. Proposed radio will sense only that channel which is predicted to be free and channel is selected on the basis of maximum vacant time. Performance has been evaluated in the term of mean square error. The results show that this learning capability can be embedded in secondary users for better performance of future wireless technologies.