Sentiment analysis deals with classifying the opinions in text. Twitter is the most popular microblogging platform in social media, with hundreds of millions of tweets posted every day. A considerable number of tweets contain opinions. The goal of this paper is to classify the polarity of the tweets into positive and negative classes using dynamic sentiment lexicons based on frequencies of words in positive and negative classes. We extract five meta-level features incorporating the generated sentiment lexicons and classify the text based on them. We also incorporate some previously known lexicon-based and corpus-based features. The proposed method is assessed on six datasets, and outperforms previous papers on accuracy on four datasets, and on f-measure on three datasets. This method generates sentiment lexicons dynamically. The changes of meanings of words can be captured by the generated lexicons. Our research produces very promising results in sentiment analysis in terms of accuracy and f-measure. The accuracy of our method on four datasets and the f-measure of our method on three datasets are higher than 85%.


Immature chick erythroid cells transformed by avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV) display an altered pattern of globin gene transcription leading to the abortive phenotypic expression of such transcripts. Detectable adult globin gene‐specific RNA sequences, confined exclusively to the nucleus, are uniquely of the alpha A type. The alpha A globin‐specific sequences occur in transcripts 7‐8 kb long from which the 5′ contiguous alpha D gene product is absent, and also in fragments smaller than 9S globin mRNA. The implication of this observation for schemes of post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression and viral transformation are discussed.


The search for organometallic complexes that emit in fluid solution at room temperature has been intensely pursued for the past 35 years because of the importance of an understanding of excited-state properties to the areas of solar energy conversion and photoassisted catalysis. Data are presented here on the photophysics of the d{sup 0} first row transition metal complex Cp*{sub 2}ScCl (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl). To the best of their knowledge, this represents a new class of organometallic transition-metal complexes having no aromatic amine ligands that luminesce at room temperature in fluid solution.


Abstract: It is becoming acceptable to claim that newborn babies have rights based on our current understanding of their basic needs. During the second half of the twentieth century, these needs have been identified by a great diversity of emerging scientific disciplines (such as ethology, studies of the behavioral effects of hormones, immunology, bacteriology, studies of the content of early colostrum, studies of the initiation of lactation). We can summarize the main conclusions by claiming that a newborn baby needs its mother. This paper addresses this and other basic needs of the newborn from a human rights perspective.Keywords: Human Rights, Basic Needs, Bacteriologic Perspective, Newborn NeedsAll human beings are "endowed with reason." This assumption is the basis of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as clearly expressed in its very first article. Obviously the authors of the declaration had not considered - in the context of the middle of twentieth century - the particular situation of the two main actors in the perinatal period, when there is no room for rational means of expression. One cannot interpret literally the irrational language of some women in hard labor, as soon as the neocortical control has been eliminated: "Kill me...shoot me...let me die...do anything...my bowels are getting out...etc." On the other hand, for obvious reasons, the baby cannot rationally express his or her point of view.However these two actors have rights. These rights are related to their basic needs. These basic needs can be expressed in a rational way through scientific language. The point is that scientific knowledge has been evolving at a high speed since the middle of the twentieth century. This has been the case, in particular, with regard to our understanding of the basic needs of newborn babies.Before The Historical Scientific DiscoveryFocusing on the basic needs - and therefore the rights - of newborn babies implies that we keep in mind one of the most important scientific discoveries of the second half of the twentieth century, which occurred after the Universal Declaration had been adopted.Let us recall that we had to wait until the 1960s and 1970s to learn that a newborn baby needs his or her mother. For obvious reasons this is a real discovery since, for thousands of years, in all human societies we know about, mothers and newborn babies have been separated and the initiation of breastfeeding has been delayed. In other words it has been routine for a long time to neutralise the "maternal protective instinct." The nature of this universal mammalian instinct is easily understood when one imagines what would happen if one tried to pick up the newborn baby of a mother gorilla who had just given birth.It would take volumes to review all the invasive perinatal beliefs and rituals that have been reported in a great diversity of cultures. As early as 1884 Labor Among Primitive Peoples by George Engelmann provided an impressive catalogue of the one thousand and one ways of interfering with the first contact between mother and newborn baby. It described beliefs and rituals occurring in hundreds of ethnic groups on all five continents (Engleman, 1884).The most universal and intriguing example of cultural interference is simply to promote the belief that colostrum is tainted or harmful to the baby, and that it is even a substance which needs to be expressed and discarded (Odent, 2008). The negative attitude towards colostrum implies that, immediately after the birth, a baby must not be in the arms of his or her own mother. This is related to a widespread deep-rooted ritual, which is to rush to cut the umbilical cord. Several beliefs and rituals can be seen as part of the same interference, all of them reinforcing each other.Man's enormous potential for meddling in the newborn baby's relationship with his or her mother is universal. During the six months I spent as an "externe" (medical student with minor clinical responsibilities) in the maternity unit of a Paris hospital, in 1953, the routine for the midwife was to immediately cut the cord and to give the baby to a help nurse. …


Since venture investment can be deferred or not in practices, venture investment projects are classified into exclusiveness ones and competitiveness ones in this paper. With reference to option-game theory, the authors analyze their intrinsic value respectively and develop a decision model for each so as to determine deferability of these two types of projects


Automatic parking assist system is one of the key technologies in future automobiles. A car-like robot is difficult to control due to the nonholonomic constraints. In this paper, a path planning algorithm based on the slice projection technique, optimized particularly for car-parking is proposed. Collision-free region of a nonholonomic motion can be easily computed by using the slice projection technique. Sufficient collision-free, nonholonomic feasible paths can be directly obtained by computing reachable regions by using the slice projection technique for nonholonomic motions from the initial pose. The proposed planning scheme provide not a single solution, but a candidate solution set. Therefore, the parking path can be easily optimized with respect to performance criteria such as safety, maneuvering, and so on. The simulation results clearly show that the proposed scheme provides various practical solutions.


Rainstorm is one of the most significant triggering factors for slope failures. The rainfall infiltration on slope will result in an increase of moisture content of the soil and hence increase the driving force. It also increases the pore water pressure and subsequently decreases the shear strength. The increase in pore water pressure is directly related to rainfall infiltration and percolation or may be the result of the formation of perched water table. It is widely recognized that rainfallinduced slope failures are mainly caused by infiltration of rainwater.1‒4 A number of studies have also indicated that slope failures can be attributed to several factors such as climatic conditions, geological features, topography, vegetation or a combination of these factors. These factors and their contribution to slope instability vary with geographical locations. Some studies have attempted a simple correlation between incidences of landslides with rainfall patterns. Simple direct correlations have been made for Brazil.1,5,6


Characterization of Self-Healing Composite Materials Kevin John Ford Damage occurs in almost every composite material in the form of microcracks that develop in the epoxy matrix that binds the fibers together. Researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign have recently developed a method to reverse the effects of, or heal, damage in the epoxy matrix. Their in-situ self-healing system uses embedded microcapsules and a catalyst that trigger a romp reaction in an effort to rebond the microcracks. Several models have been developed in an effort to predict how a composite laminate damages. One model in particular, the Continuous Damage Mechanics model, CDM that has been developed at West Virginia University uses material properties that are easily obtained from standard ASTM and ISO testing methods. The CDM model has been extended at West Virginia University to incorporate the effects of a self-healing system to develop a Continuous Damage and Healing Mechanics model, CDHM. In this work, a testing procedure to characterize the autonomic healing of polymer matrix composites is outlined, as well as the regenerative effects of the self-healing system. The capability of the CDHM model to predict the material properties of the self-healing system is also addressed. The CDHM model is validated with experimental results for various laminates fabricated out of E-glass/epoxy.


Abstract Red-shouldered hawks (Buteo lineatus) are a species of special conservation concern in much of the Great Lakes region, and apparent population declines are thought to be primarily due to habitat loss and alteration. To evaluate red-shouldered hawk–habitat associations during the nesting season and at the landscape scale, we conducted repeated call-broadcast surveys in central Minnesota, USA, across 3 landscapes that represented a range of landscape conditions as a result of differing management practices. In 2004, we conducted repeated call-broadcast surveys at 131 locations in 2 study areas, and in 2005, we surveyed 238 locations in 3 study areas. We developed models relating habitat characteristics at 2 spatial scales to red-shouldered hawk occupancy and assessed support for these models in an information–theoretic framework. Overall, a small proportion of nonforest (grass, clear-cut area, forest <5 yr old), and a large proportion of mature deciduous forest (>40 yr old), had the strongest association with red-shouldered hawk occupancy (proportion of sites occupied) at both spatial scales. The landscape conditions we examined appeared to contain a habitat transition important to red-shouldered hawks. We found, in predominately forest landscapes, the amount of open habitat was most strongly associated with red-shouldered hawk occupancy, but in landscapes that included slightly less mature forest and more extensive open habitats, the extent of mature deciduous forest was most strongly associated with red-shouldered hawk occupancy. Our results suggested that relatively small (<5 ha) patches of open habitat (clear-cuts) in otherwise forested landscapes did not appear to influence red-shouldered hawk occupancy. Whereas, in an otherwise similar landscape, with smaller amounts of mature deciduous forest and larger (>15 ha) patches of open habitat, red-shouldered hawk occupancy decreased, suggesting a threshold in landscape composition, based on both the amount of mature forest and open area, is important in managing forest landscapes for red-shouldered hawks. Our results show that during the nesting season, red-shouldered hawks in central Minnesota occupy at similar rates landscapes with different habitat compositions resulting from different management strategies and that management strategies that create small openings may not negatively affect red-shouldered hawk occupancy.


The modifier for heat transfer printing of cotton fabrics was prepared by semi-continuous emulsion polymerization process.The relationship between monomer composition and color yield of printed products was investigated,and the effects of the different crosslinking monomers on properties of latex film,K/S value and color fastness of the printed products were analyzed.The results showed that the monomers of styrene(St) and acrylonitrile(AN) had great influence on the K/S value of the printed products.The satisfactory color yield and good brilliance of the printed products can be obtained when the dosage of St and AN was 30% and 5%,respectively.The polyethylene glycol(200) dimethyl acrylate was chosen as an ideal formaldehyde-free crosslinking monomer for transfer printing modifier,and when its dosage was 3%,the modifier of latex film showed lower dissolve-loss rate,higher breaking tenacity and elongation,and the modified cotton transfer printed with Disperse Red presented good color fastness.


Dread risks draw significant public attention in both the administrative process and the courts. Yet there are a number of dysfunctions at the intersection of procedures, participation, and agency decision-making regarding such risks. This Article elaborates the participatory dysfunctions for dread risk regulation, considering formal APA procedures as well as casting complexity as a variety of formality. Inspired by recent executive actions for improving participation and incorporating social science insights into the regulatory process, this Article sets a research agenda that spans the fields of risk perception, procedural justice, and administrative law.


Steady-state conductivity measurements and dielectric measurements in the frequency range 10-5 to 100 Hz are reported for samples of bovine serum albumin, casein, and lysozyme complexeJ with methylglyoxal. Compared with the untreated proteins, the brown complexed proteins exhibit an increased conductivity and free electron spin density, together with a low-frequency dielectric dispersion. These results can be taken as evidence that the interaction with methylglyoxal results in the proteins possessing an increased electronic activity associated with the creation of mobile electron holes within the valence band states of the protein molecules. In an earlier report (1) it was shown that, when casein interacts with methylglyoxal in methanol, a brown complex is produced which, when isolated as a dry solid, exhibits a steady-state electrical conductivity some three orders magnitude greater than that of normal white casein. Electronic transference number measurements indicated that this increased conductivity was associated with an electronic, rather than ionic, conduction mechanism. We report here on the electronic and dielectric properties of bovine serum albumin, casein, and lysozyme samples that have been complexed with methylglyoxal. The relevance of choosing the reaction with methylglyoxal has been outlined (2). The objective of these studies was to investigate the possibility that, when incorporated into the structure of a protein molecule, methylglyoxal is capable of producing a charge-transfer interaction in which electronic charge is removed from the valence band states of the protein. The creation of such "holes" in the otherwise electron-saturated valence band allows intraband electronic excitations to occur, which will greatly increase the cohesive polarization and dispersion forces between the protein molecules (3). Such an effect could be a major mecha-nism by which protein molecules associate to form complex biological structures. Recent quantum mechanical calculations (4) of the valence energy band structure for polyglycine indicate that holes could have a significant drift mobility along the main polypeptide chains of protein molecules. Such electronic delocalization effects could give rise to many of the subtle reactions and interactions that characterize living systems and could also form the basis by which energy transfer occurs spatially along protein molecules. Apart from conduction in the delocalized valence band states, electronic transport could also occur between localized states at the edge of the valence band and associated with irregularities in the structure (5).


The paper explores the early period work in the factory address selection,points out the principle for the factory selection,provides the standard parameters for the factory selection standards,and illustrates the factory address selection procedure,so as to accumulate the experience for factory address selection,and to create the excellent scheme for factory address selection.


ONSIDER THE ORGANIZATION of routine courtroom interactions be tween judges and defendants, a recurrent set of work-related and thus institutional activities involving professionals and lay persons. One grossly apparent feature of these naturally occurring communicative activities might be stated as follows: There are frequently and noticeably different sets of "occupational relevancies" displayed in the talk and conduct of the participants. It is not uncommon for judges to treat defendants' explanations and requests as somehow removed from, irrelevant to, at times in opposition with the practical goals and priorities off the "court." Similarly, defendants often appear bewildered by foreign technicalities and assembly-line proceedings they do not fully understand, but are nevertheless caught up in and for which they are held legally responsible. Occasionally defendants make reference to and even complain (though rarely) about their predicament to the judge, interjecting their concerns and agendas in the midst of ongoing "court" business. These and related actions can be tricky business, of course, and especially for defendants, since not just any choice of method or modus operandi will do in formalized settings of these sort. There are, after all, certain constraints "at work" in courts that shape and are shaped by the unfolding character of speech exchange. For example, the prespecified role and task-specific character of interaction, the basic asymmetry of resources and choices available to participants, a delimiting of the range and type of actions deemed more or less appropriate and thus allowed into the stream of discourse and/or sanctioned as inappropriate and illegitmate, and so on (cf. Drew and Heritage, 1992). Such constraints collectively and institutionally privilege and empower judges to "take control" in the course of processing and disposing cases, handing down decisions, and dealing "authoritatively" with contingencies comprising the courts' business. Assuming this present essay and contribution to the symposium were a conversation analytic (CA) study, which it clearly is not, it is at or near this juncture that evidence to support such observations and claims would begin to be explicitly provided rather than left implied. Such evidence would emerge from basic concerns and commitments of CA,


Field development processes change the stress-strain state of the formation, which can especially affect on the state of fractured reservoir. In this paper, the coupled flow and geomechanics model was used to simulate a fractured-porous reservoir. To describe fractures in the fluid flow problem the discrete fracture model was used; the fracture was considered as an internal boundary for the geomechanics problem. The control volume method, which is widely used in computational fluid dynamics, was used for both flow and mechanics problems. Based on the developed coupled flow and geomechanics model, simulations of an fractured poroelastic system was carried out.


The stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/chemokine C-X-C receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis is crucial to migration and homing of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC). In a previous study, we reported the expression profile of human cord blood CD34+ cells in response to a short-term exposure of SDF-1 (Leung et al, Blood, 2011). We further identified that expression levels of several R4 Regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) family proteins were upregulated upon SDF-1 treatment. RGS family proteins are known to negatively control G-protein-coupled receptor signal transduction through their GTPase-accelerating activity. In several types of hematopoietic cells (e.g., B lymphocytes), responses to SDF-1 are subjected to regulation by RGS proteins. However, their expression patterns and functional roles in HSC are poorly characterized. We first assessed the basal expressions of 10 R4 RGS proteins by quantitative RT-PCR. Our results demonstrated that cord blood CD34+ cells expressed relatively high mRNA level of RGS1, RGS2 and RGS3, and moderate level of RGS5, RGS13, RGS16 and RGS18 (n = 3). Expression of RGS8 was barely detectable, while RGS4 and RGS21 expression was not detectable. A short-term exposure (1-24 hours) of CD34+ cells to SDF-1 (100 ng/mL, n = 4) significantly increased expressions of RGS1 (1.5 fold, P = .002), RGS13 (1.8 fold, P = .044), and to a lesser extent RGS2 and RGS3 (both 1.3 fold; P Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Numerical simulations of eddy current testing(ECT) are used to design eddy current probes and optimize testing parameters.The 3-D eddy current field was analyzed by the finite element method.A 3-D coupled field-circuit numerical model of the eddy current testing was developed based on the coupling between the circuit and the electromagnetic field of the ECT.This model includes a circuit level simulation of the ECT to optimize the eddy current testing.The system is then used to detect fuel balls in a high temperature gas cooled pebble bed reactor(HTGR).The experimental results confirm the validity of the model with the simulated signal in good agreement with the actual signal produced by the probe.


Aren tree or Sugar Palm ( Arenga pinnata Merr ) is one of bioethanol-producer which has advantages compared to other plant producing bioethanol. This study is  aimed to determine the genetic diversity of aren tree populations in its natural distribution. Genetic diversity of four populations were investigated by isozyme markers with 4 enzyme systems namely Esterase ( EST), Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase ( GOT), Diaphorase ( DIA) and 6-Phospogluconate dehydrogenase ( 6Pg). The number of alleles identified by 9 alleles are distributed on   four polymorphic loci. The research revealed that mean alleles per locus was 2,2500. The mean effective number of alleles per polymorphic locus was 1,8377. All loci were of  polymorphic. The mean genetic diversity within population was 0,4381and the proportion of genetic variation among populations was 0,0702. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on Nei's standard genetic distance reflected two main clusters. The first cluster consisted of Central Java and South Kalimantan populations; while second cluster included the populations of Bengkulu and North Sulawesi.


This pilot study validated two psychometric scales, the Psychosocial Adjustment to Hereditary Disease (PAHD) and the Hereditary Diseases and Genetic Testing (HD-GT) scales, for use in the Newfoundland and Labrador Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy population. Both scales were previously validated in the Newfoundland hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) population.
The target population for this study was individuals born at an a priori 50% risk for the TMEM43 mutation that causes ARVC who had undergone genetic testing. In total, 73 participants returned completed surveys.
Psychometric testing of both scales followed the procedures outlined by Ware and Gandek (1998) and demonstrated satisfactory data quality, reliability and validity. Results indicated potential usefulness in the ARVC population warranting analysis with a larger sample size.
No large-scale differences were found between carriers and non-carriers; however, small differences in particular aspects of psychosocial adjustment based on gender, gender of transmitting parent, and age were found.


............................................................................................................................................................ j Introduction........................................................................................_^ Background................................................................................................................................................2 Purpose and scope ......................................................................................................................................4 Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................................4 Description of study area ..................................................................................................................................4 Location and physiography ........................................................................................................................4 Population and land use .............................................................................................................................. 7 Monitoring-site descriptions .......................................................................................................................7 Methods of data collection and processing ....................................................................................................... 8 Data collection ............................................................................................................................................8 Measurement of discharge ...................................................................................................................8 Sample collection and analysis ............................................................................................................ 9 Data processing ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Estimation of nutrient and suspended-sediment loads .................................................................................... 11 Data used in load estimations ................................................................................................................... 11 Descriptions of selected load estimators ..................................................................................................22 Comparison of estimators at the Bowie monitoring site .......................................................................... 26 Comparison of estimators at Patuxent monitoring sites during calendar years 1986-89 ......................... 34 Estimation of Patuxent monitoring site loads for water years 1986-90 ................................................... 42 Comparison of areal load estimates .......................................................................................................... 50 Estimation of base-flow components of loads .......................................................................................... 55 Summary and conclusions ...............................................................................................................................65 References cited...............................................................................................................................................68 FIGURES 1-2. Maps showing: 1. The Patuxent River Basin, monitoring sites and surrounding areas in Maryland and Virginia.........................................................................................................5 2. The Patuxent River Basin, monitoring sites and associated drainage subbasins........................... 6 3-8. Graphs snowing total phosphorus, total nitrogen, total organic carbon, total suspended-solids and suspended-sediment concentrations, and discharge time series at the: 3. Unity monitoring site, water years 1986-90................................................................................ 16 4. Savage monitoring site, water years 1986-90 ............................................................................. 17 5. Bowie monitoring site, water years 1986-90 .............................................................................. 18 6. Western Branch monitoring site, water years 1986-90 .............................................................. 19 7. Hunting Creek monitoring site, water years 1986-90 .................................................................20 8. Killpeck Creek monitoring site, water years 1986-90 ................................................................21 Patuxent River Basin, Maryland, Water Years 1986-90 iii FIGURES-Continued 9-12. Graphs showing: 9. Annual total phosphorus load estimates for the Patuxent River at Bowie monitoring site, calendar years 1978-88 ............................................................................28 10. Annual total nitrogen load estimates for the Patuxent River at Bowie monitoring site, calendar years 1978-88 ............................................................................28 11. Annual total organic carbon load estimates for the Patuxent River at Bowie monitoring site, calendar years 1978-88.................................................................29 12. Annual suspended-sediment load estimates for the Patuxent River at Bowie monitoring site, calendar years 1978-88.................................................................29 13-16. Graphs showing: 13. Monthly total phosphorus load estimates for the Patuxent River at Bowie monitoring site, calendar years 1978-88.................................................................30 14. Monthly total nitrogen load estimates for the Patuxent River at Bowie monitoring site, calendar years 1978-88.................................................................30 15. Monthly total organic carbon load estimates for the Patuxent River at Bowie monitoring site, calendar years 1978-88.................................................................31 16. Monthly suspended-sediment load estimates for the Patuxent River at Bowie monitoring site, calendar years 1978-88.................................................................31 17-20. Graphs showing: 17. Annual total phosphorus load estimates and standard errors for the Patuxent River at Bowie monitoring site, calendar years 1978-88...................................32 18. Annual total nitrogen load estimates and standard errors for the Patuxent River at Bowie monitoring site, calendar years 1978-88....................................32 19. Annual total organic carbon load estimates and standard errors for the Patuxent River at Bowie monitoring site, calendar years 1978-88...................................32 20. Annual suspended-sediment load estimates and standard errors for the Patuxent River at Bowie monitoring site, calendar years 1978-88 ....................................32 21. Annual, monthly, and daily discharge time series for the Patuxent River at Bowie monitoring site, calendar years 1978-88...............................................................................33 22-26. Graphs showing comparison of annual estimates of constituent load for: 22. Patuxent River at Unity, calendar years 1986-89 .....................................................................37 23. Little Patuxent River at Savage, calendar years 1986-89 .........................................................38 24. Western Branch at Upper Marlboro, calendar years 1986-89 ..................................................39 25. Hunting Creek near Huntingtown, calendar years 1986-89 ......................................................40 26. Killpeck Creek near Huntersville, calendar years 1986-89 ......................................................41 27-32. Graphs showing monthly constituent load estimate time series for: 27. Patuxent River at Unity, water years 1986-90 ..........................................................................46 28. Little Patuxent River at Savage, water years 1986-90 ..............................................................46 29. Patuxent River at Bowie, water years 1986-90 .........................................................................46 30. Western Branch at Upper Marlboro, water years 1986-90 .......................................................46 31. Hunting Creek near Huntingtown, water years 1986-90 ..........................................................47 32. Killpeck Creek near Huntersville, water years 1986-90 ...........................................................47 iv Patuxent River Basin, Maryland, Water Years 1986-90 FIGURES-Continued 33-38. Graphs showing: 33. Annual water yield of Patuxent subbasins, water years 1986-90..............................................52 34. Annual areal total phosphorus loads of Patuxent subbasins, water years 1986-90........................................................................................................... 52 35. Annual areal total nitrogen loads of Patuxent subbasins, water years 1986-90...........................................................................................................53 36. Annual areal total organic carbon loads of Patuxent subbasins, water years 1986-90...........................................................................................................53 37. Annual areal total suspended-solids loads of Patuxent subbasins, water years 1986-90........................................................................................................... 54 38. Annual areal suspended-sediment loads of Patuxent subbasins, water years 1986-90..........................................................................................................54 39-40. Graphs showing monthly stream discharge and estimated base flow at the: 39


The Apollo-11, high-Ti mare basa l t s f a l l i n t o two d i s t i n c t composit ional ( t e x t u r a l ) groups: low-K ( o p h i t i c t o subophi t i c ) and high-K ( i n t e r s e r t a l ) ( l ,2 , 3) . The low-K basal t s (3.7-3.9A~) a re genera l l y o l de r than the high-K basal t s (average age 3 . 6 A ~ ) ( 4 ) . They a re a l s o character ized by a lower i n i t i a l 8 7 ~ r / 8 6 ~ r than the high-K basa l ts (4) . The low-K basa l ts a re g ross ly s i m i l a r t o each o ther i n tex tu re , modal mineralogy, and bu l k chemistry (1,2,3) . These s i m i l a r i t i e s have given r i s e t o the suggestion t h a t these basa l ts a re representat ives o f a s i n g l e basal t i c u n i t t h a t underwent near-surface f r ac t i ona t i o n , w i t h loss o f 01 i v i n e and i lmeni t e account ing f o r d i f f e rences between i n d i v i dua l samples (1 ) . Th is hypothesis has been questioned on mineral-chemical grounds (5) . I t can a l s o be shown t o be untenable f o r the low-K basa l ts as a group s ince the rocks seem t o f a l l i n t o two d i s t i n c t l y d i f f e r e n t age groups (4) . The younger group (10020, 10044, 10045, 10047, 10050, 10058) has an average age o f 3.7AE whereas the o l d e r group has an average age o f 3.9AE and contains the three o l des t dated mare basa l ts (10003, 10029, 10062). The quest ion s t i l l remains as t o whether e i t h e r group o f low-K basa l ts may be considered as represen ta t i ve o f a s u i t e o f rocks from a s i n g l e s i 11 o r f l ow u n i t , o r as samples from a se r i es o f poss ib ly unre la ted b a s a l t i c u n i t s which were emplaced w i t h i n a r e l a t i v e l y s h o r t per iod o f time. I n o rder t o answer t h i s quest ion, the chemical, m inera log ica l , and t e x t u r a l r e l a t i onsh ips amortg the basal t s i t i each age group must be ascertained. As a f i r s t step i n t h i s process, two o f the o l des t mare .basal ts (10003, age 3 .91A~(6 ) , and 10029, age 3 . 8 9 ~ ~ ( 7 ) ) were se lec ted f o r study. The modal minera log ies and tex tu res o f 10003 and 10029 are s i m i l a r (2,3) and the rocks have been ca l led "petrograph i ca l l y i nd i s t i ngu i shab le " (7 ) . Un t i 1 r ecen t l y , however, no d e t a i l e d pe t ro graphica l , minera log ica l , o r chemical s tud ies had been performed on e i t h e r o f these rocks (10003 has recen t l y been s tud ied i n some de ta i 1 by ( 5 ) ) .


Paint coatings are the most common type of protection of various metals from corrosion and the effects of external environmental factors in the production of vehicles. One of the main technological properties of paint coatings are adhesion and their protective ability. Phosphating can significantly affect both of these properties. The studies carried out in this work allow us to state that in case of damage to the paintwork to the metal substrate and simultaneous exposure to aggressive media (air, salt, water), due to excellent aeration, a galvanic trace element begins to appear on the damaged area. The open segment of the substrate, to which oxygen has direct access, turns into a micro cathode, and the conjugate surface, coated with paint coatings and reliably protected from oxygen access, becomes a micro anode. In the absence of protection in the form of a phosphate film on the surface of steel, corrosion processes begin to occur without any obstacles. Of the second part, when a phosphate layer is located between the substrate and the paint coatings, the electrical relationship is interrupted due to its insulating properties. The corrosion process strongly stagnates and proceeds only in individual pores of the phosphate layer. Consequently, the protection will rise with an increase in the thickness of the phosphate layer and a decrease in the number of pores in it.)


Objective: The objective of the study was to identify and utilize medicinal plants used by Irula tribal's of Dhoni Forest, Kerala. Methods: Frequent field visits were made throughout the study period from October 2011 to June 2012 in the study area. Results: A total of 32 medicinal plant species used by the Irula tribes were documented. These medicinal plant species were distributed in 23 families and 32 genera. In terms of number of medicinal plant species, Apocynaceae, Malvaceae and Menispermaceae were the most dominant families of medicinal plants. The results of the present study provide evidences that medicinal plants continue to play an important role in the health care system of the tribal community. Conclusion: The treasure of knowledge on traditional medicine is gradually vanishing due to modernization and civilization of tribal community and also the younger generation not showing any interest in learning those practices. The collected detailed information on the list of plants and their therapeutic practices among Irula tribes may be helpful to improve the future pharmaceutical applications. Key words : Dhoni Forest, Irula tribe, medicinal plants, Ethnomedicinal uses.


In the limit of infinite spatial dimensions a thermodynamically consistent theory of the strongly correlated electron systems, which is valid for arbitrary value of the Coulombic interaction ($U<\infty$), is built. For the Hubbard model the total auxiliary single-site problem exactly splits into four subspaces, which describe Fermi and non-Fermi liquid components. Such analytical approach allows to construct different thermodynamically consistent approximations: alloy-analogy approximation, Hartree-Fock approximation and further, that describes the self-consistent renormalization of the bosonic excitations (magnons and doublons).


Kripke's fixed point construction deals with paradoxical sentences such as the Liar or elements of a Yablo sequence by declaring them neither true nor false. We say that these sentences receive a third truth value, which we call ungrounded. We specify circumstances under which an interpreted language can—besides its truth and falsity predicate— contain its own ungroundedness predicate; in such a language the assertion 'σ is ungrounded' is true just in case σ is in fact ungrounded. Then, our result is applied to shed light on a dubious claim that has recently been advanced in the literature with respect the so called Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever.


The significance of findings from a qualitative Tasmanian study, which investigated the part played by informal learning in positive ageing, is highlighted by the increasing proportion of the Australian population in the 'Third Age' cohort of active, independent people aged 65 years and over. Semi-structured interviews, conducted by a researcher of a similar age, allowed respondents to speak freely about their perceived needs and expectations for a satisfying lifestyle, in the context of their membership of community-based organisations. Findings revealed the benefits that older people perceive they derive from participation in the 'leisure activities' available through these organisations, and the informal learning which they enjoy. The study found that learning taking place is appropriate to the phase in life which is characterised by loss of paid employment and of relationships, and that this learning plays an important role in helping older people stay positive, and maintain independence and social engagement.


We present a simple approach to improve direct speech-to-text translation (ST) when the source language is low-resource: we pre-train the model on a high-resource automatic speech recognition (ASR) task, and then fine-tune its parameters for ST. We demonstrate that our approach is effective by pre-training on 300 hours of English ASR data to improve Spanish English ST from 10.8 to 20.2 BLEU when only 20 hours of Spanish-English ST training data are available. Through an ablation study, we find that the pre-trained encoder (acoustic model) accounts for most of the improvement, despite the fact that the shared language in these tasks is the target language text, not the source language audio. Applying this insight, we show that pre-training on ASR helps ST even when the ASR language differs from both source and target ST languages: pre-training on French ASR also improves Spanish-English ST. Finally, we show that the approach improves performance on a true low-resource task: pre-training on a combination of English ASR and French ASR improves Mboshi-French ST, where only 4 hours of data are available, from 3.5 to 7.1 BLEU.


ach. However, the benefi ts are still in controversial. We aimed to investigate the survival aft er Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) placement. Methods: Th e inpatients with PEG placement in 2006 from Sound Shore Medical Center were enrolled in the study. Statistical analysis was conducted by two-sample t-test, Pearson's χ2 test, life-log rank test and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: In total 71 patients were included with mean (SD) age of 78.5 (12), 56.3% female and 43.7% male, 42% African, 55% Caucasian and 3% unknown. [1086] Females Females Males Males P value N % N %


We present a new analytical tool for educing the frequency-dependent complex shear modulus of materials from computer-aided numerical simulations of their time-dependent shear relaxation modulus, without the need of preconceived models. The rheological tool is presented in the form of an open access executable named "i-Rheo GT", enabling its use to a broad scientific community. Its effectiveness is corroborated by analyzing the dynamics of ideal single mode Maxwell fluids and by means of a direct comparison with both bulk-rheology measurements and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations data transformed via a generalized Maxwell model. When adopted to transform atomistic molecular dynamics simulations data, the unbiased nature of the tool reveals new insights into the materials' linear viscoelastic properties, especially at high frequencies, where conventional tools struggle to interpret the data and molecular dynamics simulations actually provide their most statistically accurate predictions. The w...


Network operators are receiving high pressure to increase networks' bandwidth capacity providing faster access to distributed applications and media contents. At the same time, the hard competition for opportunities in the telecommunications market forces them to cut prices for the provided services at the risk of reducing turnovers. In consequence, costs must be carefully evaluated and kept under control. Therefore, any network investment must be evaluated from an economic perspective. In finance, the Net Present Value (NPV) is the most extended criteria to compare among investments. NPV allows comparing long-term projects as it measures the generated cash flows in present value terms, thus relating revenues, and costs. In this paper, we present costs and revenues models in the context of optical networks. Those models are afterwards related using the NPV expression. Regarding costs, not only technology or cable infrastructure is considered but also human resources and energy consumption thus allowing comparison among network architectures. Illustrative numerical results show how variations in the cost of the different elements affect total costs and finally the NPV.


Equilibrium structure and barriers to internal rotation of hydrogen peroxide have been accurately determined with the Hartree–Fock method and Rayleigh–Schrodinger perturbation theory using a (9s5p1d/4s1p)  [4s3p1d/2s1p] contracted and (11s6p2d/6s2p) uncontracted basis set. Extensive rescaling of the contracted basis accompanied by complete geometry optimization leads to barrier values of 0.7 (trans) and 8 (cis) kcal/mole. Results obtained with the uncontracted basis indicate an improvement of the barriers to 1.1 and 7.4 kcal/mole comparable to the refined experimental values of Ewig and Harris. Inclusion of correlation does not change the barriers significantly. The latter, however, is necessary to obtain correct equilibrium parameters. The computed bond lengths [R (OO) =1.451 A, R (OH) =0.967 A] and angles [α (OOH) =99.3° and ϑ (HOOH) =119.3°] are in good agreement with experiment while near HF values lead to a false structure [R (OO) =1.390 A, R (OH) =0.943 A, α (OOH) =102.9°, ϑ (HOOH) =111.2°]. The imp...


In-situ evaluation of the response of seafloor sediments to passive dynamic loads, as well as spectral analyses of earthquakes are presented in this investigation. Horizontal-tovertical (H/V) spectral ratios are used to characterize the local sediment response in terms of the distribution of ground motions with their respective resonant frequencies. Both ambient noise and distant earthquakes are used as generators of passive dynamic loads. 1-D wave propagation modeling using the stiffness matrix method is used to estimate sediment properties (mainly shear stiffness, density and material damping) and theoretical amplification factors of the shallow sediment layers. The objectives in this study were fourfold: first, to characterize the spectral characteristics of earthquake signals recorded in the seafloor at an experimental site in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM); second, to characterize the local site effect produced by shallow marine sediments at the GOM experimental site; third, to characterize the site in terms of its physical properties (layering and sediment properties); and fourth, to estimate the transfer functions of the top 50-m (164 ft) of soil and of each layer in the discrete soil model.


This paper proposes a "probabilistic" extension of conditional preference networks as a way to compactly represent a probability distributions over preference orderings. It studies the probabilistic counterparts of the main reasoning tasks, namely dominance testing and optimisation from the algorithmical and complexity viewpoints. Efficient algorithms for tree-structured probabilistic CP-nets are given. As a by-product we obtain a linear-time algorithm for dominance testing in standard, tree-structured CP-nets.


Human beings have needs that they strive to fulfill regardless of their psy‐chophysical limitations. Need satisfaction by the elderly is examined along Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the requirements of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1987. Maslow (1954) theorized that need satisfaction is hierarchical, progressing from satisfying the lower level of physiological needs to those of safety, belong‐ingness, esteem, and self‐actualization. Despite the principle of relative potency of needs and the elderly's apparent lack of adjustment capabilities toward ungratified needs, OBRA implies an appropriate need mix to enable the elderly to survive adequately. Functional departments within nursing homes should therefore strive to develop effective programs aimed at improving each resident's quality of life. There are some misgivings, however, concerning how many of the higher needs are met by the residents. Need satisfaction by the elderly cannot be limited to meeting lower‐level needs for food and ...


Radial gates are widely used for agricultural water management, flood controlling, etc. The existence of methods for the calculation of the discharge coefficient (Cd) of such gates are complex and they are based on some assumptions. The development of new usable and simple models is needed for the prediction of Cd. This study investigates the viability of a metaheuristic regression method, the Gaussian Process (GP), for the determination of the discharge coefficient of radial gates. For this purpose, a total of 2536 experimental data were compiled that cover a wide range of all the effective parameters. The results of GP were compared with the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), and linear and nonlinear regression models for predicting Cd of radial gates in both free-flow and submerged-flow conditions. The results revealed that the radial basis function-based GP model performed the best in free-flow condition with a Correlation Coefficient (CC) of 0.9413 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.0190 while the best accuracy was obtained from the Pearson VII kernel function-based GP model for the submerged flow condition with a CC of 0.9961 and RMSE of 0.0132.


Considering uncertainty,irreversibility,flexibility and public characteristics of rail transit investment,a real option model with stochastic variables for determining construction timing of rail transit projects is presented.The geometric brownian motion was used to describe uncertainty factors of rail transit investment including passenger flow and construction cost in the model.The influence functions of construction timing of the uncertainty factors were deduced to reveal the influence of deferring investment.Operational value and guidable value were defined to reflect economic benefits and social benefits of investment.Monte Carlo simulation and OptQuest were used to determine the optimal construction timing with different goals.The case study shows the construction timing result of considering guidable value is different from the result of merely considering operational value.Research results provide a theoretical foundation for rail transit development planning and decision-making.


Matching Pursuits algorithm is a specific implementing method for signal decomposition.It's a problem to decompose or reconstruct seismic signal upon over-completed dictionary since the index of the dictionary and the amount of the computation are very huge.So a fast algorithm is proposed in which the dictionary index is shortened in frequency scope and in scale scope according to the frequency characteristic and the waveform characteristic of the seismic signal.Thus,by means of using known knowledge about the seismic signal,shrinkage of scan scope of atom dictionary index is achieved to accomplish the seismic signal's fast decomposition based on Matching Pursuits algorithm.


This paper is based wearable sensing system structure, the operational framework is designed on the mechanism of "Aware - Computing - Action". It means that we collect the data from wearable device (Aware), compute and analysis the data (Computing) and then feedback the information of separated life event to user for future use (Action). In the "aware" stage, we collect the data of "life log" from wearable device and take the picture from personal digital device (PDA) every 30 seconds. The data of "life log" is inserted into Exif (Exchangeable image file format) of the image taken from PDA and then upload to the cloud database by smart phone. In the "computing" stage, we divide the data into the separated life event according to multiple features. These features include not only the original data (GPS coordinates, data of motion, time, etc.) but also the computed information, for example: the speed computed from GPS coordinates and time, the separated life event analyzed from computing the different among the images, etc. Having the information of separated life event, we turn into the "action" stage. In the "action" stage, this cloud system makes contact with emergency contact person immediately in critical situation in order to take action. Otherwise, the separated life event is stored in the cloud database for query and other purposes.


Objectives Hydroxychloroquine is widely used to treat certain viral and rheumatic diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus. Cardiac arrhythmia is an important safety issue with hydroxychloroquine. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hydroxychloroquine increases new-onset arrhythmia among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods This was a nested case-control study using data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database of Taiwan. A conditional logistic regression model was used to analyse differences in the risk of arrhythmia between systemic lupus erythematosus patients with and without hydroxychloroquine treatment after controlling for related variables. Results A total of 2499 patients with newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus were identified (81% females), of whom 251 were enrolled in the new-onset arrhythmia group (mean age 50.4 years) and 251 in the non-arrhythmia group (mean age 49.1 years). There was no significantly increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia (adjusted odds ratio = 1.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.98–2.25) or ventricular arrhythmia (adjusted odds ratio = 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.19–5.41) between the patients with and without hydroxychloroquine treatment. In addition, there were no significant differences in the risk of arrhythmia between those receiving hydroxychloroquine treatment for <180 days or ≥180 days, with a drug adherence rate of <50% or ≥50%, and receiving a daily dose of <400 mg or ≥400 mg. Conclusion In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, hydroxychloroquine treatment did not significantly increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmia or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia regardless of the different hydroxychloroquine treatment duration, drug adherence rate, or daily dose.


The demodicidosis of dog is a kind of refractory parasite dermatitis that originated from demodicidosis in sebaceous gland or hair follide of dog.This disease is combined infection with fungus germ.Generally,we firstly rid germ and fungus and then demodicidosis.With the methods of symptom and laboratory diagnosis we diagnosed 31 ill dogs,we used Ivermectin combined with "TWO IN ONE","ANTI-FUNGUS NO.I"to therapy the ill dogs,28 ill dogs were recovered,the curative effect is very obvious.


Purpose To transfer the neutral density filter test to perimetry; i.e. to show that the diagnostic battery can be supplemented by low luminance visual fields, if the standard procedures yield unsatisfactory information.


The optical retrieval and storage technique described in this paper provides a way for transferring sound information from an analog disk to a visual carrier avoiding any mechanical contact. The process is straightforward: we take a picture of each side of the disk using a dedicated analog camera, we store the film as our working copy and when needed, we scan the film and process the image in order to extract the sound.


A Leeds-based coatings manufacturer upgraded its SAP Business One package to save time and money, allowing it to better deploy its people


In medical science, the related data for particular disease have high diversities. So finding relationship between those data has been a challenging work. Nowadays machine learning has been experimenting for finding the relationship and pattern between those data and various systems. Diabetes is one of the most common and deadly disease all around the world. This disease has several complexities and can affect various organs of a human body. But till now there is no prevention or cure for diabetes. So predicting that a person might have high chance to develop diabetes can lead a better option. This paper discusses about various approaches for predicting the Type-2 diabetes and also for determining the most important features for developing diabetes. Data are collected from biographical information and pathological test reports of 15000 people. Gradient Boosting, Decision Tree, Random Forest, K-nearest neighbors and Support Vector Machine have been used in a supervised environment to predict the diabetes. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to find out the important attributes in predicting diabetes. Ensemble method is also applied for dealing with week predictors to get better results.


The concept, function and necessity of constructing regional networked manufacturing service platform are discussed in this paper. Based on the discussion, a framework is proposed for building up a regional networked manufacturing service platform that is appropriate to the requirements from SMEs in the area of Guangxi, China


Most of the initial events that may be caused by sabotage attacks could be prevented by secondary heat removal strategy operations. However, in the event of a power outage such as Station Black Out (SBO), loss of primary Component Cooling Water (CCW), or loss of primary Essential Service Water (ESW), cooling of the thermal barrier of the reactor coolant pump and injection of sealing water are simultaneously lost, resulting in damage to the seal of the reactor coolant pump. In this case, in order to prevent the core damage, heat removal strategy on the primary system must be performed in addition to heat removal strategy on the secondary system. However, in the case of Westinghouse type plants such as Kori Units 3, 4, since only the secondary heat removal strategy was adopted, the feasibility was analyzed in this study, and as a result, it was confirmed that sufficient time can be secured to damage the core even in the situation of damage to the reactor coolant pump seal. The related analysis results could be applied to other same type power plants in the same way.


BEING able to program a computer to fully understand our language has been an unfulfilled dream for many years in the scientific community. The computer science field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) is vast and is concerned with how computers interact with human beings, in particular by means of human (natural) languages. Named Entity Recognition (NER) is the NLP task that focuses on locating and classifying entities in a given text. For example, consider the following sentence: "James Cameron's latest movie premiered in December 2009 in the USA and its budget exceeded 200 million dollars." A system capable of performing NER should be able to identify four named entities (NEs) in this example: (a) James Cameron; (b) December 2009; (c) USA, and (d) 200 million dollars. Furthermore, it should be able to classify them according to established criteria. A possible scenario is to classify James Cameron as HUMAN, December 2009 as TIME, USA as LOCATION and 200 million dollars as AMOUNT. NER is important because it is one of the first steps towards extracting meaning out of text. The most common approaches that NER systems use are grammar-based techniques and statistical models. Typically, systems that use the former obtain better precision but at the cost of a lower recall. Moreover, these systems are often handcrafted by a team of computer engineers and computational linguists for a long time, in what is a slow, costly and time-consuming process. On the other hand, statistical NER systems usually require a large amount of manually annotated training data. The task of annotating corpora is also a costly and time-consuming process. Unfortunately, even the best NER systems are fragile, because even though they may have been built for one specific domain, they do not typically perform well on other domains (Poibeau & Kosseim [8]).


Microscopic observations applying high, variable magnetic fields on surfaces of high-coercivity magnets reveal hysteretic magnetization changes by domain wall movements. Lines, formerly believed to be grain boundaries, are moving with changing magnetic fields during the magnetization reversal. Domain wall motions are shown on single micrographs which were selected from sequences of micrographs depicting magnetization cycles on commercial-grade magnets of barium ferrite and of samarium cobalt. The observed processes are believed to consume energy; they can be responsible for the damping of oscillations which was experienced before in magnetic bearings.


January 13, 2022 The vast majority of advanced industrialized products are formed from the joining of individual components. However, when the joining must be permanent, welding is one of the most used processes. Among the welding processes, the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process stands out in this category specially for producing joints with extremely high mechanical resistance and low distortions leading to modern automotive and aerospace applications. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical and corrosion properties of FSW welded profiles of Aluminum AA6005 alloy as a function of the welding parameters. For this purpose, tensile and microhardness tests were performed, followed by a detailed microstructural analysis. The results showed that the high rotational speed provided tunnel-type defects which impair the mechanical properties, leading to a loss of efficiency. The corrosion properties results showed that the different welding conditions do not significantly affect corrosion characteristics but the changes observed are related to the dispersion of the precipitates in microstructure and intermetallic particles was obtained by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) using a Jeol, model JEM URP equipment, coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and operating at 300 kV. The HR-TEM specimens were prepared from 3 mm diameter discs by grinding, polishing and Ar + ion milling. The tensile tests on welded specimens were performed on the transverse, i.e., perpendicular to the welding direction. The tests were conducted in a universal testing machine (EMIC, model DL2000) under a rate of 2 mm/min for determining the tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS) and elongation to failure (%El) 29 . The hardness profile of each specimen was measured using a Vickers hardness test (Buehler, model 2100) using loads of 300 gf applied for 15 s 30 . For a better investigation of the defects generated in the processing, X-ray microtomography analyzes were performed using a Bruker (model Skyscan 1272) with a source of 100 keV and 350 nm resolution equipment. The corrosion tests were carried out in a potentiostat (Autolab, model 302N) in aerated 3.5% NaCl solution. The specimen of BM and the welded zones (WZ) was surface polished using silicon carbide paper up to grade #1200, in order to obtain the same roughness for all the samples. The specimen area was 0.17 cm 2 , including the welding and mixing zone. A saturated calomel electrode (SCE) was used as the reference electrode and a platinum rod as the counter electrode for the electrochemical measurements. An open-circuit potential (OCP) for every specimen was performed for 60 min. In the sequence, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) was performed at 200 mV below to the open circuit potential of the material until a suitable voltage with a scan rate of 1 mV/s. The corrosion rate was obtained using the Tafel method. The pitting and corrosion potentials were also obtained. Additionally, the samples after the corrosion tests were analyzed


This note tries to state, precisely, the method of neuroecomics, and is based on the discussion in B. Douglas Bernheim's (2009) appraisal. We claim that the theory formulates hypotheses modeling the choice process as an algorithmic procedure. The hypothesis of the algorithmic procedure imposes restriction on the neural processes implementing it, and, so, a joint test of the hypothesis based on behavioral and neural data is possible, increasing the statistical and the explanatory power of the theory. (JEL B41, D87)


In recent years, more and more businesses, academics, and others in China have promoted corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a necessary component of the country's sustainable development. However, in-depth studies of the CSR reporting practices of Chinese companies are still needed. Given China's size and regional diversity, we expect CSR reporting practices to be unevenly developed within the country as well. Using the Shanghai Stock Exchange to develop a sample of Chinese companies that issue CSR reports, this paper will contribute to the research on the variety of CSR reporting in each region and industry sector, which is not addressed in other previous literature in China. And at the aggregate level, we find that regional effect could strengthen the relationship between the ROE and CSR information disclosure by introducing the hierarchical linear model instead. Keywords—CSR; Regional Diversity; Variety of CSR reporting;


In the example of R2+T2 gravity on the unit two-dimensional disk we demonstrate that in the presence of an independent spin connection it is possible to define local gauge-invariant boundary conditions even on boundaries which are not totally geodesic. One-loop partition function and the corresponding heat kernel are calculated.


"One double machine" can retain disassemble business users,promote the return of fixed-line and PHS and other advantages,truly realizes the cordless fixed-line super-goal.This paper describes about the function and realizing way of one double machine.


According to a survey,the current status,operation modes,and practical experience of the peasant household microcredit in Pingnan County are elaborated. Meanwhile the countermeasures for its development are proposed as follows,promoting the popularization and application of micro-credit operation modes,strengthening talent team construction and operational mechanism innovation,improving system design based on the public welfare principle,developing more counter guarantee products,increasing system construction of the micro-credit institutions and business development,and broadening channels for fund sources of peasant household micro-credit.


Fusobacterium necrophorum was inoculated into the portal vein of seven cattle. Multiple necrotic foci were found in the livers of the two cattle which died on 10th and 14th day after inoculation. The remaining cattle autopsied on 12th to 126th day after inoculation were affected with hepatic abscesses. Some of them were affected also with extrahepatic abscesses found mainly in the lung and intercostal space. Serum sialic acid concentration was not elevated even 10 days after the inoculation in one of the two cattle affected with the multiple necrotic lesions in the liver. In the second it began to rise 8 days after the inoculation. In cattle affected with the hepatic abscesses, it began to rise above preinoculation values 3 to 5 days and reached a peak values 7 to 9 days after the inoculation. They remained at this level for 2 or 3 days and then either decreased gradually toward preinoculation values or remained somewhat elevated for more than 4 months. The effects of both hepatic and extrahepatic abscesses on the serum sialic acid level were discussed. Hepatic abscess formation correlated significantly with the rise in serum sialic acid level.


Alternative packaging materials allegedly affer a range of advantages over glass containers and there is no doubt theat some of these claims are justified. Even environmentalists will tell that the plastic bottle, for example, has a better lifetime environmental footprint than glass because of its lower total energy content. Glass has many inherent advantages, but the glass industry sometimes appears to be very reticent in extolling the virtues of its material. We do not aften hear comments from glassmakers about the result of storing drinks under less than ideal conditions in plastic bottles. There is no doubt that the glass industry, or of least the container producers, must leam to blow their own trumpet somewhat louder. Nevertheless, there have been some technical developments in the glass container industry in answer to the challenges of the market. This artide will review some technical developments made in one of the most important oreas of the production process, namely glass conditioning.


This study aims to adapt and validate the Indonesian version of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2Id). Data were obtained from a total of 268 (male = 154 and female = 114) elite athletes of Papua Indonesia with an age range of 16 to 43 years (M = 22.40 ± 5.01). Furthermore, language adaptation and validation were carried out through a forward-backward translation process using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). An internal consistency approach was used to test for the reliability based on Construct Reliability (CR). The results evaluate the fit of the models showed that the SAS-2Id fit based on RMSEA, CFI, TLI, and PNFI. The three dimensions of SAS-2Id had standardized coefficient values from .77 to .81, with a significant p-value of ≤ .001. The SAS-2Id item factor loading values ranged from .51 to .88, indicating that it is above the recommended threshold (≥ .50). Furthermore, the reliability test carried out using the internal consistency approach discovered that the dimensions of worry (AVE = .60) and concentration disruption (AVE = .50) were above the recommended cutoff points. In contrast, the somatic dimension had the lowest value (AVE = .35). However, from the other two reliability test parameters, it was discovered that the CR and Cronbach's Alpha values were from .73 to .88 and .71 to .88, respectively, which indicated good reliability values. Therefore, the psychometric property at the Indonesian version of the SAS-2 is a valid and reliable measuring instrument for anxiety levels.


We demonstrate industrially feasible large-area solar cells with passivated homogenous emitter and rear achieving energy conversion efficiencies of up to 19.4 % on 125×125 mm2 p-type 2–3 Ωcm boron-doped Czochralski silicon wafers. Front and rear metal contacts are fabricated by screen-printing of silver and aluminum paste and firing in a conventional belt furnace. We implement three different dielectric rear surface passivation stacks. The dielectrics at the rear result in a decreased surface recombination velocity of down to Srear = 70 cm/s, and an increased internal IR reflectance of up to 91 % corresponding to an improved Jsc of up to 38.9 mA/cm2. We observe an increase in cell efficiency from 18.7 % for the best full-area Al-BSF reference cell up to 19.4 % for the PERC solar cell. To our knowledge, the energy conversion efficiency of 19.4 % is the best value reported so far for large area screen-printed solar cells. However, these cells suffer from a moderate fill factor below 76 % due to an increased series resistance. We investigate different rear metallization fractions by varying the pitch and the width of the local line contacts. The solar cell analysis reveals a significant contribution of the local rear contacts to the total series resistance. By fitting of the experimental data with an analytical model we deduce a specific contact resistance of screen-printed local aluminum rear contacts of (55 ± 10) m Ωcm2.


Research to discover certain medicinal plants' antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was mostly performed in vitro. The purpose of this research was to investigate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of legundi leaves (EELL) against S. aureus using model organism Drosophila melanogaster. The extract was prepared by the maceration method using 70% ethanol. The antibacterial activities of EELL were determined by using fly survival assay and bacterial colony-forming assay. Fly survival assay was conducted to investigate the extracts' ability to enhance the survival of D. melanogaster (host) upon S. aureus infection. The results demonstrated that both EELL were able to increase the survival rate of the S. aureus-infected Drosophila. Furthermore, a colony-forming assay was carried out to determine the growth of bacteria in the host body that has been considered an important pathogenic factor for the host. The result found that the number of bacteria recovered from the EELL-treated infected flies was significantly lower than the ones obtained from the infected flies without any treatments. Overall, EELL protects the S. aureus-infected hosts, suggesting the potential antibacterial effect of EELL against S. aureus.


Our primary source for climate data is the Terrestrial Air Temperature and Precipitation: 19002006 Gridded Monthly Time Series, Version 1.01 (2007), compiled by Kenji Matsuura and Cort Willmott in conjunction with NASA. The data are available at http://climate.geog.udel.edu/ ~climate/html_pages/download.html. This dataset combines station data on mean air temperature and precipitation from a number of sources, with the primary source being the Global Historical Climatology Network (Peterson and Vose, 1997).


Environmental regulatory instruments are key to achieving synergy between high-quality economic development and ecological civilization construction. This paper measures the green overall factor productivity of the forestry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt by using the super-efficient nonexpected output SBM-ML index model. Additionally, it investigates the environmental regulation's impact on forestry's overall green factor productivity by using the conventional panel regression and panel smooth transformation model. The model was based on the relevant data obtained from eleven provinces along the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China from 2006 to 2021. This study concludes that command-and-control regulation of the environment and public engagement with environmental regulation can significantly promote the forestry green overall factor productivity in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and the environmental regulation's effects on the forestry green overall efficiency in the economic region of the Yangtze River are regionally and temporally heterogeneous. The command-and-control environmental regulation also needs to exceed a certain level of regulatory coercion to promote the forestry green overall factor productivity positively. The effects of market-incentive environmental regulation were more pronounced with the increase in the regulatory intensity. When the regulation intensity surpasses the threshold, the public participation form of environmental regulation has a depressing impact on the forestry green overall factor output. To promote the development of the forestry industry in the Yangtze River Economic Zone, it is therefore necessary to strengthen the coordination of different environmental regulations, implement measures in each region, build a market-oriented green innovation system, and promote the structuralization and upgrading of the forestry industry.


The present study deals with the effects of 10 fruits, 27 spices and 14 herbs on α-glucosidase activities for the purpose of developing therapeutic diets for diabetes. The glycemic indices (GI) of fruits and spices were also examined. All fruits were found to inhibit α-glucosidase. Apple and pineapple reduced GI to less than 100 on average, though no statistical siginificances were found. Fourteen raw and 14 cooked spices inhibited α-glucosidase. Cooked spices generally exceeded raw spices in inhibitory effects, and 4 herbs were found to inhibit α-glucosidase. No significant correlation was found between GIs and α-glucosidase-inihibiting ability of fruits. Of the cooked spices, mustard paste and nutmeg reduced GI among the subjects on average though no statistical siginificances were found. Unlike fruits, no significant correlations between GI and inhibiting ability in spices were observed.


Establishing a scientific concept of vocational education disciplines and deepening corriculum connotative construction represent the core of improving the quality of teaching.The article takes up a discussion on how to develop curriculum with higher vacational features by performing a comparative analysis on traditional discip- inary system and the working process-based curriculum integration based on a case study of course module construction of Decoration Structure,a course offered in Interior Design Technology Specialty.


PURPOSE
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the prognostic significance of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) tissue contents in primary breast adenocarcinoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients from 3 medical centers were included between 1994 and 2001. Biologic factors in tumor extracts were all assayed in the same laboratory. PAI-1 and uPA were treated as continuous or dichotomized variables. Metastasis-free survival analyses were performed using the Cox model and the classification algorithm and regression tree (CART) in the whole population and in the subsets of node-negative (pN0) or positive (pN+) cases. Kaplan curves of metastasis-free survival were designed for different groups in relation to uPA/PAI-1 combinations. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator tumor level appears related to the anatomic degree of extension; conversely, PAI-1 tumor content is independent of tumor size and nodal extension.

RESULTS
In univariate analysis, adjusted on usual prognostic factors, the metastasis risk increased with PAI-1 level in all patients (HR [hazard ratio], 3.1; P < .001), in pN0 (HR, 4.3; P < .001), and pN+ patients (HR, 2.3; P = .019). It increased also with uPA in all patients (HR, 2.6; P = 0.006). In multivariate analysis, when both variables were included, PAI-1 remained significant in all patients (HR, 2.4; P = .002) and pN0 patients (HR, 3.2; P = .003) but not uPA. CART analyses confirmed that the best partitioning factor was PAI-1.

CONCLUSION
There was no evidence for any additional impact of uPA. PAI-1 is an independent prognostic factor in particular in pN0 breast ductal carcinoma.


Many consumer products such as toothpaste, paint, and peanut butter exhibit both solid-like and liquid-like behavior. These materials are hard to classify because of their rich mix of both solid and liquid-like properties which makes them fascinating but also poorly understood. In many cases, these amorphous materials termed colloidal suspensions are made of particles with a wide distribution of sizes, which can be used to tune their properties. In addition, colloidal suspensions possess striking similarities to molecular glasses, and as such, serve as a valuable model to study the structure and dynamics of the glass transition. As the number of particles or packing fraction of colloidal suspensions is increased, the suspension jams, i.e becomes a disordered solid, and develops a yield stress. However, this jammed state can be made to flow if a shear stress greater than the yield stress of the system is applied. I study how the bulk behavior of a colloidal silica glass is related to the nature of the dynamics of the particles that make up the system. In particular, I study the particle size segregation behavior in dense colloidal suspensions. The particles of granular media can spontaneously size segregate when continuously driven. However, in jammed colloidal suspensions, this phenomenon is not well investigated. I present results of size segregation of a continuously sheared binary colloidal suspension well above point J, through the application of a highly controlled shear at a constant shear rate with the use of a rheometer. By coupling the rheometer iii with a high-speed laser scanning confocal microscope, I directly image the structure and flow profiles of the suspension as it un-jams. Under oscillatory measurements, the bulk rheology exhibits a solid-like behavior for small strains and yields for strains above ∼15%. A decrease in the yield strain is observed with an increase in the particle size ratio of the species in the suspension. Microscopically, I see evidence of both affine and shear banding flows and a migration of the small and large species; large particles move to the top while the small particles move toward the bottom, conserving the total volume fraction in all regions of the sample. An exponential relationship describes the behavior in the segregation process for both the small and large particle species. The data shows that the segregation time scale is dependent on both the particle size ratio and the applied shear rate. These results are consistent with kinetic sieving predictions and the proposed void filling and squeeze expulsion mechanism in granular systems. I also show that the bulk mechanical properties, particularly the storage and loss modulus are not dependent on the particle segregation behavior. In addition, preliminary results of shear banding behavior and their correlation to the particle distribution profile are presented. The results indicate that, shear band formation in jammed binary colloidal suspensions is closely associated with a non-uniform distribution in the local volume fraction along the gradient axis. Index words: silica, binary colloidal suspensions,colloidal glasses, jamming, shear bands, particle size segregation, particle migration, rheology, confocal microscopy, confocal-rheology, soft condensed matter physics


The article presents new data on the geoelectrical structure of Chuya, Kuray and Uymon intermountain basins, which are the three largest ones in Mountainous Altai, Russia. Geoelectrical models of the basins were constructed using the data obtained from field studies with application of a complex of electromagnetic methods, including transient electromagnetic, vertical electric soundings and electric tomography. Different amounts of field geoelectric data were collected for each basin. Chuya and Kuray basins are studied better, and their basic geoelectrical models were constructed; however, the structure of their marginal parts is still unclear, and additional measurements are underway there. The structure of Uymon basin has not been properly studied by geophysical methods yet; therefore during 2011–2012 field seasons, it was subject to comprehensive electromagnetic (direct- and alternating-current) surveys carried out with the use of modern equipment sets. Measuring equipment ensured high accuracy and efficiency of field measurements. Software systems for modeling and inversion were applied for quantitative electromagnetic data interpretation based on geological data and parametrical measurements in known profiles. The conclusions are supported by results of joint analysis of the available electromagnetic and geological data and confirmed by multidimensional modeling.


In this paper, oscillation and asymptotic behavior of three-dimensional third-order delay systems are discussed. Some sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure that every solution of the system is either oscillatory or nonoscillatory and converges to zero or diverges as

 t

 goes to infinity. A special technique is adopted to include all possible cases for all nonoscillatory solutions (NOSs). The obtained results included illustrative examples.


The Travels of Sir John Mandeville, a popular fourteenth-century travelogue, describes how in the far East 'there groweth a manner of fruit, as though it were gourds. And when they be ripe, men cut them a-two, and men find within a litde beast, in flesh, in bone, and blood, as though it were a litde lamb without wool. And men eat both the fruit and the beast'.1 This curious organism, variously known as the Barometz or the Vegetable Lamb of Tartary, occurs rather differendy in the Talmudic tradition, which describes the lamb attached by its navel to a stem rooted in the earth. Once the lamb consumes all the grass within reach of its tether, the stem withers and the creature dies.2 During the European Enlightenment, when the study of nature provided the crucible for the emergence of modern science, the vegetable lamb became the subject of expert debate. In 1781 the poet-naturalist Erasmus Darwin (grandfather of Charles) envisaged the creature implanted through its legs rather than its navel:Rooted in earth each cloven foot descends,And round and round her flexile neck she bends,[...]Eyes with mute tenderness her distant dam,Or seems to bleat, a vegetable hmb?A century later Henry Lee concluded that both versions of the vegetable lamb derived from European travellers' descriptions of the cotton plant, and cited as evidence die words of ancient writers like Herodotus, who referred to trees that 'bear for their fruit fleeces surpassing those of sheep' from which warm clothing could be made.4Although Lee's explanation has been generally accepted, the story has an interesting antipodean coda. New Zealand, it turns out, has its own species of vegetable lamb. Two in fact: Haastia pulvinarius and Raoulia eximia are endemic alpine mat plants belonging to the daisy family, with cushion-forming leaves densely covered in tawny or grey-white hairs. Lying in clumps a metre or two in diameter amongst rocks and scree, they vividly justify their popular names: vegetable sheep and sheep plant. On first encountering Haastia and Raoulia, Victorian naturalists responded with a characteristic blend of astonishment, calculation and disdain. 'Although singular and interesting to the botanist', wrote John R. Jackson, curator of the Museum at the Royal Gardens in Kew, in 1 867, 'these plants are of no value economically, but, on the contrary [...] certain species of them are a plague to the shepherds, inasmuch as they give them much trouble and annoyance to discern between an animal sheep and a vegetable sheep'.5 More than a century later the same confusion recurs in Philip Temple's Beak of the Moon (1980). Temple's novel evokes the anthropomorphised perspective of a young kea, Strongbeak, who while flying home from exile notices that the alpine vegetation has been replaced with pasture, along with other figures he originally mistakes for Haastia or Raoulia.The surfaces of the terraces and flats [...] showed a new greenness, like the scum of algae on a stagnant pool. The tussocks, tematakoura bushes, speargrass and flax had almost entirely gone [...] and dotted everywhere were new plants, like the white tutahuna which cushions bare screes. New plants he thought, until he saw them move.6A footnote glosses tutahuna as 'Haastia and Raoulia species, commonly known by humans as vegetable sheep'. As we discover, Strongbeak is mistaken: the kea's range has been taken over by high country farmers and the pastures are full of actual sheep. Yet uncertainty persists over these newcomers. When Highfeather, the authoritarian leader of the kea, suggests compensating for the loss of forage by eating sheep instead, a debate ensues. Since their dietary code prohibits the consumption of flesh, the kea can only justify preying on sheep by classifying them as plants, comparing the sight of their blood with 'berries' (p. 391) and the taste of their meat with 'roots and berries and grass altogether' (p. 326).What is the significance of this blurring, in the case of sheep, of the categorical distinction between fauna and flora? …


The anatomy of children with severe Pierre Robin sequence can present a challenge for direct laryngoscopy and intubation. Advanced techniques including flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopic intubation have been described but require highly specialized skill and equipment. Rigid video laryngoscopy is more accessible but has not been described in this population.


Measurements of the electrical and thermal transport properties of one-dimensional nanostructures (e.g., nanotubes and nanowires) typically are obtained without detailed knowledge of the specimen's atomicscale structure or defects. In an effort to address this deficiency, a microfabricated, chip-based characterization platform was developed, which enables both the observation of the atomic structure and measurements of the thermal transport properties of individual nanostructures. The measurement platform was designed for compatibility with a customized transmission electron microscope (TEM) specimen holder. An in-situ scanning electron microscope pickand-place technique was developed to select and place an individual nanostructure onto the measurement platform. A through-hole for sample suspension and multiple electrical leads comprise the platform, permitting characterization of the individual specimen's atomic and/or defect structure, along with measurement of the specimen's thermal conductivity. This platform provides one with the unique ability to acquire structure-property correlations, such as the relationship between crystallinity, stacking faults, and dislocations to the sample's thermal transport properties. The work in this thesis details the development and fabrication of the measurement platform and further describes the development of a low-temperature measurement apparatus for performing temperature-dependent thermal conductivity measurements. Thermal conductivity measurements and TEM of individual GaN nanowires demonstrate the capabilities of the microfabricated platform. Thesis Supervisor: Gang Chen Title: Carl Richard Soderberg Professor of Power Engineering


Aim: The objective of this study was to develop suitable lipid nanocarriers for topical delivery of Piroxicam, known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties and to increase its therapeutic potential and residence time at the site of inflammation and in systemic circulation. Materials and Methods: Piroxicam loaded Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared by high-speed homogenization followed by ultrasonication technique. Physicochemical evaluation of SLNs involved particle size and zeta potential analysis, electron micrographic analysis, drug loading, entrapment and release studies. Drug excipient interactions were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Prepared nanoparticles were assimilated into a topical gel system and evaluated for viscosity, in vitro permeation properties and in vivo efficacy assessment by carrageenan induced rat paw edema study. Results: Evaluation of prepared SLNs revealed the particle size, drug loading, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release to significantly differ (p<0.05) with different lipid and surfactant concentrations present in formulations. SEM and TEM were useful aids in studying the morphology of the SLNs. FTIR and DSC revealed no likely interaction amongst the drug and/or any excipients. In vitro permeation and in vivo anti-inflammatory study of the SLN gel revealed it to be a sustained permeation system, maintaining drug concentration over an extended period of time and providing a better therapeutic potential on topical dermal application when compared with a free drug gel. Conclusion: Our results proved the suitability and capability of fabricated piroxicam loaded SLN gel system in treating arthritic pain and inflammation when delivered topically.


of tubular conveyor are decreased with increasing angle of incline, and are increased with increasing weight of the lumps. At the same time, the dynamic forces acting on roller supports in the curvilinear section of tubular conveyors are increased with faster belt speed tending to infinity when the belt speed becomes critical. The greatest dynamic forces acting on roller supports are observed at the beginning of the curvilinear section of tubular conveyor. The dynamic force acting on roller support at the beginning of the curvilinear section of tubular conveyor framework increases with increasing distance between the roller supports, becomes minimum and increases linearly with further increase of the distance between the roller supports. Coefficient of dynamic quality in the case of portage by the band conveyer of small-lumpiness and large pieces of load with the increase of distance between idlers diminishes on a hyperbolical law and at the large values of distance between idlers aspires to the permanent value, equal coefficient of dynamic quality for the case of portage by the band conveyer of small-lumpiness load.


Wireless LAN devices are now everywhere because of the rapid spread of smart wireless devices. Demand for far richer content services is also driving the expansion of mobile traffic. Converging the cellular network with Wi-Fi is a reasonable way to support the increasing mobile traffic because most mobile user terminals already have Wi-Fi interfaces. More opportunities for Wi-Fi use require further enhancement of system capacity and manageability, especially in the high-density Wi-Fi network. This is because the chronic depletion of system resources is becoming a significant problem in the Wi-Fi network given the increases in Wi-Fi density and traffic. This article introduces a Wi- Fi data service platform coupled with cellular networks, which strengthens the synergy of two networks. Enhanced monitoring and performance prediction are essential to provide a highgrade user experience in high-density Wi-Fi environments.


We combined a "via-last through-silicon via (TSV) process consisting of notchless Si etching and wet cleaning of the first metal layer" with the solder bonding process using Ar fast atom beam (FAB), and realized the fabrication and three-dimensional (3D) stacking of a high-density TSV array chip. The size of the TSV array was 76 × 500. The diameter and length of the TSV were 6 and 21–22 μm, respectively. As the TSV array chip was very thin (approximately 26 μm) and had a strip-like shape, it was fragile and warped by approximately 90 μm. Hence, an electrostatic chuck was introduced and the TSV array chip was stacked by using a soft material (Cu–Ni–Sn based solder) as a bump and performing low-pressing-load low-temperature bonding with Ar FAB. As a result, the warpage of TSV array chip was suppressed and the TSV array chip was stacked without causing damage to the TSV and Si region. In addition, it was confirmed that the (i) leakage current between TSV-bump pairs is small, (ii) multilayer wiring + TSV + bump connection exhibit low resistance, and (iii) daisy chain is perfectly connected to up to 38 000 TSVs. These results are due to the effects of notchless Si etching, wet cleaning of the first metal layer, introduction of an electrostatic chuck, low-pressing-load low-temperature bonding with a soft material, and Ar FAB. This process will facilitate the development of face-up type 3D stacked sensor systems.


Combined emission economic dispatch with the effective integration of renewable energy sources for a power system is a unique problem with various challenges. The increasing integration into the power grid of renewable energy sources (RES), such as wind and solar, is becoming more prevalent and this trend is expected to continue. However, the intermittent behaviour of these renewable energy sources poses a significant challenge for power systems in terms of dispatchability and the ability to maintain stable grid operation. We propose and implement a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based technique to control each independent region of a power system. The PSO control strategy will coordinate and schedule the renewable energy resources (wind and solar) and conventional generators for each region. A cost function is optimized, and the operating cost for the power system is calculated based on the fitness of each particle. All proposed strategies and algorithms are implemented using MATLAB and validated using the IEEE-39 bus system model.


Total ionizing dose (TID) and single event effects testing was performed on Altera Cyclone FPGAs. The devices exhibit slight performance degradation to a TID of 1 Mrad (Si), but also exhibited single event latchup at a low LET.


The project addresses some of the public and private initiatives that have been developed in Galicia,aiming to preserve and disseminate the Galician migration memory. It is underpinned by three main examples: the Migration Fund of the Galician Oral History Archive, born in the Academia; the Galicia Migrations Archive, conceived as the highest institution in charge of assessing and informing the Galician knowledge management and two other exhibitions about Galician migration, developed overthe last decades


The He–Ne (ν = 88 THz) and CO2 (ν = 29 THz) laser frequencies were synthesized by the authors' own method in which HCN (λ = 337 μ), D2O (λ = 84 μ), and CO2 (λ = 10.53 and 10.18μ) molecular lasers were used. The spectral width of the signal representing beats between the He–Ne and CO2 laser frequencies and a klystron (ν = 48 THz) frequency, all operated under free-oscillation conditions, was 40 kHz and the signal/noise ratio was 20 dB.