The development of Internet and social networks has provided more emerging network data which facilitates the dynamic network analysis. In this paper, we propose a new method to measure coherence strength, also referred to as community consistency, of a community under dynamic settings. In order to better interpret the influence of evolving community structure on community consistency, we model the problem as one of influence propagation processes having a causal relation with the community consistency. To this effect a generative model is proposed to combine the influence propagation and the network topological structure at each time stamp. Our comprehensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework in estimating the community consistency.


The analysis describes some of the issues involved in constructing a self-organizing neural network that can learn to perform a high-level vision task, depth perception from motion parallax, without guidance from an external teacher. An examination is made of how motion parallax conveys depth information. A network structure is presented for detecting and representing depth from motion parallax. How a depth-sensitive network can self-organize is also examined.<<ETX>>


As a vocative,the direct addressing is used to show or imply the different human relationships,social status,and various emotions between the speaker and the listener.The metaphorical images in the English direct addressing not only indicate the power and solidarity in the real society but also demonstrate the vividness of this kind of language.


The invention discloses a multifunctional photocatalytic reaction device, which consists of a gas circulation system, a photoreaction system, a separation system, a detection system and a light source system. The light source can be ultraviolet light, visible light and sunlight and is arranged outside a quartz reactor, light penetrates through the quartz reactor to excite a photocatalyst in order to initiate photocatalytic reaction, the photocatalyst can be a thin film which is immobilized, together with a carrier, inside the reactor, or be particles suspended in reaction liquid. The reactor is suitable for liquid-solid, gas-solid and gas-liquid-solid phase photocatalytic reaction, favoring the research on photocatalytic reaction dynamics. The multifunctional photocatalytic reaction device of the invention is suitable not only for photocatalytic reduction CO2 reaction, but also for the fields such as photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, hydrogen production by water photolysis, photochemical synthesis and the like, besides, both intermittent operation and continuous operation can be implemented, and inert gas protection can be performed in the reaction process.


The spring sensible heating (SH) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) serves as a huge 'air pump', significantly influencing the Asian summer monsoon, has experienced a decreasing trend. However, it remains unclear whether this decline will continue. Therefore, we here examine the long-term trends of spring SH over the central and eastern TP (CETP) based on a meteorological station-based calculated SH dataset, and CMIP6 multi-model simulations. These two sources confirmed the previous finding that the SH peaks in May. Further, we find that the declining SH was replaced by a fast recovery after approximate 2000 in the station-based SH. This is to some extent verified by the historical simulations of CMIP6 models. Importantly, CMIP6 future projections suggest that this increasing trend will continue, and get stronger with higher radiative forcing from SSP126 to SSP585. Mechanism analysis indicates that the previous decreasing trend in SH was mainly caused by the decline of 10 m wind speed, while the recent and future increasing trend results from the rising ground-air temperature difference. We suggest that this increasing trend of spring SH over the CETP may serve as an alternative driver for the enhancement of the East Asian summer monsoon in the future.


The present invention relates to hexuronate C4-epimerase variants with improved conversion activity of hexuronate C4-epimerase and a method for producing D-tagatose using the same.


Antiferromagnetic Ising models can harbour a macroscopic number of degenerate ground states at zero external field on frustrated lattices like the triangular lattice, kagome lattice, pyrochlore lattice, to name a few. An extensive entropy may survive, albeit with different values, even for infinitesimal fields on certain lattices; as the field is varied, a strongly enhanced peak in the entropy develops just before the field-induced spinordering sets in; this substantial peak occurs because, at this field strength, a large number of non-neighbouring spins may be flipped against the field without a cost in energy. In fact, such residual saturation entropies S persist in quantum spin models (anisotropic Heisenberg models), although with different values from the Ising limits, and for different reasons pertaining to the existence of localized magnons. Our results are summarized in Table II. In Section I, residual saturation entropies of related quasi onedimensional lattices or ladders (Fig. 1(a)) are exactly computed; of which, ladder L3 will be used to build up the kagome lattice (Fig. 1(b)). For the kagome lattice, approximate values of S may be deduced from calculations for spin ice on the pyrochlore lattice in a (111) field; results of Monte Carlo simulations, series expansion techniques and the Bethe approximation were found to be comparable for the saturation entropy. In Section II, we elucidate a procedure for obtaining a more accurate estimate of this value through (a) transfer matrix methods, and equivalently (b) the solution of appropriate difference equations that generate the partition function. Finally in Section III, we provide a considerably improved estimate of S for the kagome lattice using Binder's algorithm. With which we may exactly calculate the partition function of a system of over, in our case, 1300 Ising spins at the saturation field with the expenditure of modest computational resources. We point out that it is only for the Ising kagome lattice, among other two dimensional lattices, that the zero field entropy exceeds the saturation field entropy. The antiferromagnetic Ising models we investigate are described by the Hamiltonian


Enforcement Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) led subjects Pancasila and Citizenship Education (Civics) undergoes many changes that the charge material contained many concepts and no longer contains normative. In addition, usually only educators determine the materials and methods of teaching so that students' activity is limited to listening, recording, and answered questions. To overcome these problems, the authors conducted a classroom action research (PTK) in SMPN 14 Bandar Lampung in August-September 2011 through inquiry learning model. The object of this study were students of class IX-5 of 40 people. PTK includes the following activities: (1) planning, (2) implementation, (3) observation, and (4) reflection. PTK data collection techniques through observation, interviews, documentation, and testing. The data analysis using descriptive analysis while data validation using data triangulation technique. The result showed that the inquiry learning model can improve learning outcomes Civics amounted to 24.4%, which is calculated based on average scores on the observation during the PTK in research.


In this paper, we defined a new invariant graph called Sum Nano-Zagreb index. Sum Nano-Zagreb index is defined by χαNZ(G)=Σuv∈EG(d2(u)−d2(v))1/2 . We determined the Sum Nano-Zagreb index of some graph operations, that is Cartesian, join, corona, edge corona and composition.


In realistic applications, the solder joint is continually subjected to thermal-mechanical stress due to the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the printed circuit board (PCB) substrate and the electronic packaging components. Creep and fatigue processes were the most common causes of failure in electronic assemblies. Under isothermal aging, creep deformation becomes more prominent. The aged microstructure was recognized by intermetallic coarsening and the appearance of intergranular fracture generated by dynamic recrystallization in the bulk solder joint. In this study, the influence of Bi content on the creep behaviors of solder joints was investigated under various aging conditions. Three lead-free solder alloys, including SAC305, SAC-3Bi, and SAC-6Bi, are tested at room temperature. For each alloy, preliminary micro-indentation tests were conducted to define three stress levels for distinct aging conditions. After each test, displacement vs. time data was gathered. A novel approach based on an empirical model was developed to systematically examine the development of the steady state creep rate. A power dependency prediction model was developed to investigate the relationship between creep strain rate and stress levels. The steady-state creep rate of SAC305 is significantly higher than that of SAC-Bi alloys owing to the presence of bismuth (Bi) in the solid solution at room temperature. The creep properties showed less variation after 100 hours of aging. SAC-Bi alloys showed less coarsening of the IMC precipitates after aging than SAC305. In the SAC-Bi solder alloys, combinations of precipitate and solid solution hardening mechanisms were observed, while Ag3Sn particles were the dominant strengthening mechanism in the SAC305 alloy system.


Adapting the idea of twisted tensor products [1] to the category of finitely generated algebras, we define on its opposite, the category QLS of quantum linear spaces [10][11], a family of objects hom Υ [B, A] op ∈ QLS, one for each pair A op , B op ∈ QLS, with analogous properties to hom [B, A] op = Hom [B op , A op ] (its internal Hom objects), but representing spaces of transformations whose coordinate rings hom Υ [B, A] and the ones of their respective domains B op do not commute among themselves. (The work is mainly developed in a full subcategory of QLS whose opposite objects are given by finitely generated graded algebras.) They give rise to a QLS-based category different from the one defined by the function (A, B) → hom [B, A]. The mentioned non commutativity is controlled by a collection of twisting maps τ A,B which define product spaces hom Υ [B, A] • τ B op satisfying the inclusions hom Υ [B, A] • τ B ⊂ hom Υ [B, A] ⊗τ B. We show that the (bi)algebras end Υ [A]. = hom Υ [A, A], under certain circumstances, are 2-cocycle twisting of the quantum semigroups end [A]. This fact generalizes the twist equivalence (at a semigroup level) between, for instance, the quantum groups GLq(n) and their multiparametric versions GL q,φ (n).


ABSTRACT: Hydrological and geochemical spatial patterns and temporal trends were analyzed using U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) water quality data collected from 1975 to 1999 along the uppermost 600 km of the Rio Grande in Colorado and New Mexico. Data on discharge, specific conductivity (SC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+, HCO3−, SO42‐, Cl−, F−, and SiO2 came from six USGS stations ranging from the Colorado‐New Mexico border to below Albuquerque, New Mexico. Linear regression, Kendall's S, and Seasonal Kendall's S' were used to detect trends, and ANOVA was used to analyze spatial differences between stations. Statistically significant increasing trends occurred in SC, TDS, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+, Cl−, and F−in the uppermost reaches, and significant decreasing trends of SC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, HCO3−, and SO42‐occurred at the lower stations around Albuquerque. Both fluoride concentrations and pH values increased at and below Albuquerque over the study period. Discharge data show an increasing trend across all stations. Spatially, data for dissolved substances show generally linear upstream to downstream increases in concentrations in the upper four stations, with several notable nonlinear increases at and below Albuquerque (SC, TDS, Na+, Cl−). Significant increases in pH appear at and below Albuquerque, relative to upstream stations, probably due to improved sewage treatment.


NO‐ONE enjoys confronting their own mortality, but making a will is one of the most important things anyone can consider. If you die without making one, your assets may not be distributed according to your wishes, but rather according to law. This article explains who inherits, and who does not, when a person dies intestate.


Water quality deterioration as a consequence of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution or diffuse pollution has been documented around the world (Davis and Koop 2006; Ma et al. 2011; Novotny 1999; Smith 2003). This deterioration not only damages the social and ecological functions of water bodies as water supply, fisheries, ecosystem maintenance, and recreation (Pretty et al. 2003), but also largely raises water treatment and policy response costs (Novotny 1999; Pretty et al. 2003). Understanding and evaluating the processes of pollution generation, transport, and transformation are continuous challenges for scientists and engineers. Modeling as a way to simplify the complex natural processes has been widely used in NPS pollution research (Zhuang et al. 2012). There are various NPS pollution models available now, which were summarized and compared in different previous studies (Alexander et al. 2002; Borah and Bera 2003; Shen et al. 2012). These reviews of available models are meaningful, though they hardly provide a direct overview of worldwide research efforts and the general trends in NPS pollution modeling. Since researchers have conducted research in this field for several decades, a comprehensive and quantitative review of past efforts, including influencing researchers and their performance, participating regions and their activity, and general…


In order to find an effective way to remove nitratenitrogen (NO3 − -N) in wastewater, the autosulfurotrophic denitrifying bacteria, which could oxidize elemental sulfur and reduce nitrate, was screened from facultative anaerobic sludge. The optimum conditions for denitrification were determined by studying pH, temperature and the initial sodium bicarbonate concentration. Moreover, the kinetics and thermodynamics of NO3 − -N degradation were also estimated. The dominant bacteria had the shortest halflife of 1.42 hours for denitrification under a neutral pH of 7, 303 K and initial sodium bicarbonate concentration of 2.5 g/L. Under the different pH, temperature and initial sodium bicarbonate concentration, the removal of NO3 − -N conformed well to the first-order reaction kinetic model. When the temperature was range from 293 K to 303 K, the values of activation energy, activation enthalpy and activation entropy in NO3 − -N biodegradation were 82.81 kJ/mol, 80.42 kJ/mol and −54.31 J/ (mol K), respectively.


The study aimed to identify the level of psychological hardiness and the big five factors of the dominant personality, and to reveal the contribution of those factors in predicting psychological hardiness among counselors working in providing psychosocial support to refugees in Jordan. The study sample consisted of 110 counselors, they were chosen by the purposive method. The researchers used a questionnaire as the study instrument that consisted of a sixty item of the big five personality factors scale and a twenty-six-item Psychological Hardiness scale. The results of the study showed the level of psychological hardiness was at a high level. The big five factors of dominant personality among the psychological counselors are in order: conscientiousness, openness, extraversion, agreeableness, all of them at a medium level, then neuroticism at a low level. The results also showed that the big five personality factors explained (48.3%) as a statistically significant predictor of counselor's psychological hardiness. the Big Five Personality Factors; psychological hardiness; psychological counselors; psychosocial support for refugees


Purpose. Substantiating the expediency of mine water desalination for use as drinking water by the population after the coal mine closure in the Pavlohrad District and ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements for the preservation of the environment, in particular natural water bodies and soils. Methods. An experimental-analytical method is used, which consists in the formation and analysis of global experience in water desalination at various degrees of salinity – from salty sea water, lightly salted to mine water.Also, the method of chemical water analysis and the content of various salts in it using evaporation is used in the work. Findings. It has been determined that the cost of water desalination by reverse osmosis technology, in comparison with the thermal distillation method, decreases linearly with an increase in the productivity of plants and equipment and does not exceed $1 in terms of a capacity of more than 25 thousand tons/day.In addition, it has been revealed that with an increase in the component of dissolved substances in mine water, the cost of purifying the water itself also increases.Itincreases by an exponential dependence.This factor depends on the increase in substances such as magnesium, calcium and sodium. Originality. The urgent problem of the economic feasibility of mine water desalination by the reverse osmosis method has been solved using the example of closure of the Western Donbass mines.This method provides drinking water for the population of mining towns and contributes to the improvement of the ecological situation in the region by reducing emissions of highly mineralized mine water into the rivers. Practical implications. The results obtained and their analysis make possible to state that when closing coal mines that have a large water inflow and a low degree of mineralization, it is advisable to use the method of mine water desalination by reverse osmosis technology. This will improve the ecological situation in the Pavlohrad District. The results obtained can be implemented when designing the Western Donbass mine closure.


In this study we analyze the numerical distribution of the density of electrons and excitons in a solar cell junction n+p of the model by extending the space charge zone. It is subject to monochromatic illumination on the front side (transmitter) and the thermally insulated back panel. Equations governed by phenomena of transport of minority charge carriers and excitons following excitation are coupled to the heat. They are discretized with the finite difference method and are solved with finite volume method. The development of a computer code gave results in good agreement with those obtained by other authors and may also enable better control performance solar cells, for their improvement. We present the results for different values of the factor and the coefficient of heat flux coupling.


A 29-year daily temperature record at 30 hPa in the northern hemisphere stratosphere has been used to estimate the potential of the atmosphere to support polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) formation. Under certain caveats, type 1 PSC formation is assumed to occur at temperatures of 192 K (195 K) or lower at 30 hPa (50 hPa). At 30 hPa in January at least one point in the northern hemisphere was colder than 192 K on 34% of the days in the record. The PSC season begins in late November and ends in middle March ; the maximum likelihood is attained in January. The PSC formation potential is defined as the fractional area of the northern hemisphere cold enough (on the synoptic scale) to support PSC formation. In the mean it exceeds 1% between late December and early February at 30 hPa and is generally larger at 50 hPa. There is considerable interannual variability connected with the synoptic evolution of the stratospheric winter, so that up to 4% of the northern hemisphere is cold enough for PSC formation for shorter periods in individual years. Temperatures low enough for H 2 O ice cloud formation can occur in January and February ; these are generally associated with adiabatic ascent in amplifying planetary waves. The location of the cold areas relative to the vortex center is examined and a measure introduced to quantify this.


Human behaviour includes animportant component which may conveniently be called evaluative. Using postcard reproductions as stimulus materials. 10 volunteer subjects selected the two pictures most liked and the two most disliked. These were then used as UCSs with appropriate controls from the neutral category. The conditioning hypothesis-that a neutral stimulus followed by a positively or negatively valued stimulus will acquire the evaluative weight of the second stimulus-was supported at a highly statistically significant level. The effect of negative evaluation was demonstrably stronger than that for positive evaluation, a result consistent with our knowledge of aversive conditioning. The possibility is discussed that evaluation of the UCS by the subject, shown to be a su~cient condition for learning, may also be the only necessary condition. This would imply a model of~onditioning based on affective evaluation rather than on response production.


Although gout is a common rheumatic disease with worldwide prevalence of about 1.3%, mal-awareness might impact the disease control and especially the patient's compliance with urate lowering therapies. The aim of this research is to study the level of awareness, attitude, and misconceptions among the Egyptian population towards gout and compare between levels of awareness and different demographic factors. In this cross-sectional study, 1200 participants (18-60 years) were randomly enrolled (53.8% were females). A prepared validated questionnaire was used for data collection about the knowledge, attitude, and misconceptions towards gout and its risk factors and possible complications. The relation between socio-demographic factors of participants and their level of awareness was calculated using chi-square test. After demographic data collection, the entry question of the survey was; do you know a disease called gout? Only the responders with "yes" were the target of the evaluation by completing the questionnaire. In this study, data was collected from 1200 adult participants, the socio-demographic characteristics show that 706 (58.8%) were females while 494 (41.2%) were males. participants who had previous information about gout were 632 (52.7%) while 568 (47.3%) don't know gout. There was a high statistically significant difference between participants who know and those who don't know gout as regard to education, occupation, marital status and residence (p value = 0.000, 0.000, 0.037 and 0.000 respectively). Regarding to complications of gout, 230 (36.9%) of the participants know that gout can lead to kidney disease while only 30 (4.8%) think it does not with high statistically significant difference between participants regarding gender (p value= 0.001). The level of awareness about gout was insufficient among the general population in Egypt. There was a significant relation between gender, age, marital status and the level of awareness. Considering plantar fasciitis as a frequent clinical presentation of gout is a common misconception among Egyptians. Awareness campaigns on gout should be organized and encouraged by the health authorities.


This article examines the problems of training specialists in the field of tourism in Uzbekistan, as a result of which the author developed the following proposals: the creation of a regional network of employment services; improving the system oftraining platforms and network training centers; revise the system of professional development and training of teachers in the field of tourism and hospitality; creation of innovative scientific and practical centers


Ethanolic extracts of the soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves has a free radical
scavenging activity with IC50 of 38.8362 ppm. The purpose of this study to
determine physical properties, stability and the free radical scavenging activity of
the ethanol extract of soursop leaves gel. Soursop leaves was extracted using 96%
ethanol with maceration method. Extract was formulated into 3 gel formulas with
concentration of 0,02; 0,3; and 4,5% using PVA base. Gel tested for physical
properties, stability for 28 days storage and free radical scavenging activity with
DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl). The results showed that ethanol extract of
soursop leaf gel does not meet the requirements of pH, but qualified on the viscosity
and drying time. Ethanolic extract of soursop leaf gel is not stable during of 28 days
storage because of a change its organoleptic, pH, and viscosity. Ethanolic extract
of soursop leaf gel has a free radical scavenging activity. At concentration of 4,5%
has a better free radical scavenging activity than that of innovator product.


Lanjiangji is a typical hazardous reef shoal in the lower Yangtze River with both flow pattern and sediment problems.Based on analysis of alluvial process and model tests,the feature and changing law of the navigation-obstructing flow of the shoal reach is studied.Then,the layout of reef blasting works is researched in model tests,and the improvement of flow pattern and the stability of navigable waterway in the shoal reach are analyzed and estimated.The results show that after performance of reef blasting works,the flow pattern of the shoal reach is improved evidently and that there is slightly erosion instead of siltation in waterway having assurable stability,because flow discharge and velocity in the waterway is increased due to the enlargement of the cross section.


A laser trapping technique is a powerful tool for manipulating single or plural particle(s). Bums et al. recently demonstrated that lattice structures of latex particles could be created on interference patterns of several laser beams.1 Also, we showed that particles were aligned in concentric circles or a line image of a single trapping beam, and demonstrated size-selective trapping of particles.2 The spatial patterning by these methods is, however, essentially based on the interference, so that there are severe limitations in forming arbitrary patterns. In this paper, we propose a laser scanning micromanipulation technique to produce any spatial patterns of fine particles. The principal key to the technique is repetitive scanning of a focused laser beam by computer-controlled galvano mirrors. If the repetition rate is faster than the time-scale of the Brownian motion, plural particles are trapped along a locus of the scanning spot. In addition to the pattern formation, the trapped particles can be moved continuously along the formed patterns, and the flow velocity is controlled by scanning speed and laser power.


Choreography is the arrangement and design of dance movements according to music. The application of computer technology to dance generation improves the efficiency and quality of choreography. This paper categorizes the methods used in dance generation over the last two decades. And the paper summarizes the latest research issues in this field, including creating new movements, matching the movement to the rhythm, conducting choreograph conservation, and finding the semantic connection between dance and music. The researchers' models and results for these issues are detailed in the paper. Finally, the future research direction is discussed.


Although the majority of the Israeli population is secular Jews, synagogues are scattered all over the country, including non-religious neighborhoods. Rosh HaAyin is ranked as one of the 5 cities with the highest ratio of synagogues (1 synagogue to 300 residents). With a population of 40,000, the city has some 135 synagogues with varying levels of activity. Most of them are community synagogues of the Yemenite Jews founded by private individuals in and near the place of the family's residence. They serve relatives, friends and neighbors, and make a colorful manifestation of old Yemenite Jewish culture. The city municipality had established a volunteer group of interviewers and photographers for the purpose of documenting its synagogues. A comprehensive questionnaire was developed, covering a range of synagogue aspects: location, founders, the development process, architectural features (interior and exterior), particals, management and financing, the congregation, activities held at the synagogue on weekdays and holidays, and more. Each synagogue was visually documented by steel photos. Some of the interviews with synagogue representatives were audiorecorded. The volunteers also gathered historical information stored by synagogue boards, such as founding charters, internal rules and regulations, architectural drawings, and so on. The synagogue plays several manifested and latent roles in the community, such as preserving Jewish and ethnic identity and heritage, supplying community center and commemorating departed worshippers. Since the start of the project in 2009, 76 synagogues have been documented photographically, and 54 of these already have accompanying texts. Each documented synagogue is presented (visually and textually) in People-Israel webzine. This popular-scientific site, sponsored by Samuel Neaman Institute for National Policy Research (the Technion, Israel) supply the general public free access to photos and text, and allows the visitors to suggest additional data. This project may serve as model for cultural documentation in other countries.


It is a question of what happens to the issue of global equity when humans have access to space resources. This paper investigates the issue of global equity based on post-space exploration, develops a global equity model, and explores the future vision of asteroid mining based on this model. Firstly, seven global equity indicators are selected as indicators for the global equity model, and the indicators are dimensionally reduced using principal component analysis, followed by the entropy weighting method (EWM)-TOPSIS to calculate the equity index of the study population and establish a global equity model.


In the recently discovered (4n + 1) radioactive series, bismuth 213 transforms to polonium 213 by β-emission. The latter rapidly transforms by α-emission to lead 209. The present paper describes a measurement of the half-period of polonium 213. A preparation of radium 225 was placed between two Geiger–Muller counters. One detected β-particles while the other detected α and β-particles. Coincidences were counted with a modified Rossi circuit. The pulse-width on the grid of one of the tubes of the coincidence unit was made variable, while the pulse-width on the other remained fixed. The pulse-width associated with the counter that responded only to β-particles was chosen to be variable. Coincidences were counted as a function of the pulse-width. Corrections were made for accidental coincidences and exact coincidences arising from other causes. The final value for the half-period T of polonium 213 is T = 4.2 ± 0.8 μsec. A subsidiary experiment to determine the half-period of thorium C′ gave the value T = 0.3...


Environmental education and environmental management in undergraduate business administration courses: goals, challenges, and proposals This article deals with difficult issues concerning the implementation of environmental education (EE) in undergraduate business administration courses, according to the Brazilian legislation. First, the article discusses the evolution of EE related to the concepts of sustainable development and shows the main objectives, principles and methodological orientations adopted by the Brazilian legislation on EE. It then discusses the main legal issues related to college education. Finally, it presents some of the chief problems that make it difficult to have EE in undergraduate courses: the anthropocentrism that characterizes managerial theory and practice in general and business management in particular. Among other challenges discussed are the difficulty to implement a multi, inter and trans-disciplinary approach and the presence of a discipline called environmental management, which can?t be confused with EE neither replace it. The article supports the idea that this discipline is necessary and must remain as long as the environmental issues are not adequately dealt with by the other disciplines.


Among all kinds of renewable energy, solar energy is the most accessible and inexhaustible that can be applied unconditionally and has the least impact on the environment. We selected Beitou Library in the northern Taipei as the site to simulate the output energy of Photovoltaic panels (PV panels), since the building passed the Diamond Certification set by Taiwan Green Building Rating System (EEWH). The simulation was divided into two different angle settings: one set with a fixed angle for the whole year, and the other one with angles varied in certain time period. Results showed that in Taipei, when the set angle of solar panel was fixed, the output energy of Photovoltaic panels (PV panels) was the biggest when the set angle was 16 degree. In the situation of the variable angle setting, the shorter the cycle of angle variation, the lager the output energy of PV panels was.


The invention relates to a membrane and evaporation crystallization integrated process with zero discharge of high-salinity industrial wastewater. The process is as below: carrying out ultrafiltration pretreatment on industrial wastewater and sending the wastewater to a reverse osmosis process through a high-pressure pump; reusing lateral infiltration water; conducting electrodialysis treatment on a concentrate subjected to several times of filtration; evaporating and crystallizing the materials obtained from electrodialysis concentration to obtain salt slurry and water; carry outing posttreatment on the salt slurry; and reusing condensed water. The process provided by the invention couples membrane and evaporation crystallization, not only can recover high quality purified water from industrial wastewater with high salinity but also can realize zero discharge of wastewater with high salinity, and has the characteristics of low energy consumption, low production cost and advanced process.


Since local community facilities became open to general citizens, crime rate has been soaring due to their use by many and unspecified individuals, which has become a social problem. In case of an elementary school constructed in Daegu, it had been built before CPTED began to be applied. In order to establish the environment to prevent crimes in a completed building, it needs to be maintained at low cost with high efficiency. This research aims at examining the present condition of the environment for crime prevention by conducting an assessment after residence in local open facilities currently in operation, introducing the concept of CPTED that controls crime occurrence from the process of designing or maintaining a building and therefore enhancing the protective function of a building and deducting the elements to relieve the anxiety about crimes, and finding the ways to help local residents to use local open facilities safely by supplementing the environment to prevent crimes.


The effect of high and low temperatures on seedling quality while raising of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings, and their early development after planting was investigated. The control raising seedling temperature (RST) was 23℃; high temperature, 31℃; and low temperature, 15℃ throughout the raising seedling period. At 15℃ and 30℃, plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, number of leaves, and seedling leaf area were significantly lower than those at 23℃. At 4 weeks after planting, seedling's growth characteristics showed a similar pattern. Compared to 23℃, seedlings raised at 15℃ and 30℃ had an increased dry weight and leaf area per unit time after planting than during the seedling raising period. At 4 weeks after planting, crop growth rate and leaf area index were unaffected by RST, and relative growth rate and net assimilation rate at RSTs of 15℃ and 31℃ were higher than those those at RST of 23°C. At an RST of 15℃, growth speed and net assimilation rates were higher after planting than before planting, according to increased photosynthetic rate. Thus, high and low temperatures during the seedling raising period significantly reduced seedling growth and plant growth after planting. After planting, seedlings raised at 15℃ recovered more quickly than did those raised at 31℃.


Rickenellla swartzii (Fr.) Kuyp., comb. nov. — Agaricus swartzii Fr., Obs. mycol. 1: 90. 1815 (basionym).
This species has been known thus far as Rickenella setipes (Fr.: Fr.) Raithelhuber. However, the original diagnosis of Agaricus setipes (Fries, 1818: 162) clearly refers to another species, as A. setipes was characterized as follows: pileus 5—8 mm broad, campanulato-convex; stipe very long, 85—100 mm, setaceous; lamellae greyish; strongly resembling Agaricus corticola Pers.: Fr. As far as I can ascertain this protologue refers to a species of Mycena. The misapplication of the name Agaricus setipes might have arisen when Fries (1873: pl. 75 f. 4) published an illustration of an unnamed variety of A. setipes, which undoubtedly represents Rickenella swartzii. This unnamed variety was later (Fries, 1874: 164) called A. setipes var. acrocyaneus.


Chunking models offer a parsimonious explanation of how people acquire knowledge and have been validated in domains such as expert behaviour and the acquisition of language. In this paper, we review two computational theories based on chunking mechanisms (the chunking theory and the template theory) and show what insight they offer for instruction and training. The suggested implications include the importance of perception in learning, the cost of acquiring knowledge, the significance of segmenting and ordering instruction material, the role of the variability of the instructional material in acquiring schemata, and the importance of taking individual differences into account.


A novel medium-frequency(MF) induction heating power system based on digital phase-locked loop (PLL) and zero current swithing (ZCS) is described.The main circuit in the system is composed of an AC/DC non-controlled rectifier,a Buck-DC/DC converter used to regulated DC output power and a series reso-nant DC/AC inverter.All active power switching devices in the main circuit are IGBTs controlled by a TMS320LF2407 DSP (digital signal processor).Using hardware and software features of the DSP,an intelligent digital power controller and a PLL are designed to regulate the output power and to control the IGBT's switching frequency ranges respectively.In this way,the proposed converter achieves a wide and smooth power regulating range,and the zero-current-switching mode of the inverter is entirely reached by the PLL.In addition,the inverter resonant current keeps CCM(current continuous mode) condition over a wide power regulation range,the actual power conversion efficiency is higher and the switching loss is lower than a tranditional one's.The experimental results show that regulation range of the output power is up to 0.2~30kW,and the operating frequences from 15 to 35kHz can trace the load resonant frequencies truly and immediately in ZCS mode.


In this work, (BaxSr1–x)Si2 thin films were prepared by the co-sputtering method at various deposition temperatures. The constituent phase of the films primarily depended on the deposition temperature and the composition x. The composition to make a solid solution was expanded by lowering the deposition temperature, compared to that of bulk-sintered bodies. Further lowering the deposition temperature produced a metastable phase, which was a layered structure (trigonal, EuGe2-type structure), with a low thermoelectric power factor. Substitution with Ba led to an increase in the temperature showing the highest power factor. The samples with Ba concentrations over 17% showed the maximum power factor around room temperature.


Impulse Response Function (IRF) and Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) are used in a four-variable VAR to analyse the inter-relationships among stock returns and three macroeconomic variables. The positive relation between China's stock market returns and inflation suggests that inflation in China is more of a monetary phenomenon. The stronger causation from stock market to real economic activities than the other way around is against traditional wisdom but provides support to Titman's (2013) catalytic model for equity market.


Based on sedimenlological and micropaleontological work on three sediment cores collected at about 167° Ε in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica, and accelerator mass spectrometer l4C ages of organic carbon, we have reconstructed environmental changes in the area during the late Quaternary. Since 38 ka BP at latest, this area was a marine environment with low productivity. A grounded ice sheet advanced and loaded the sediments before about 30-25 ka BP. After 25 ka BP, the southernmost site (76°46'S) was covered by floating ice (shelf ice), preventing deposition of coarse terrigenous materials and maintaining a supply of diatom tests and organic carbon until 20 ka BP. The northernmost site (74°33'S) was in a marine environment with a moderate productivity influenced by shelf ice/ice sheet after about 20 ka BP. Since about 10 ka BP, a sedimentary environment similar to the present-day one has prevailed over this area.


The technology and principle of soft - contact electromagnetic continuous casting are described, which is a novel technique for improving the surface quality of billet effectively. Some unsolved questions such as the structure and the material of mold as well as parametars of electromagnetic field have been analyzed in order to realize this technique in steel continuous casting. The new achievements including high - frequency amplitude - modulated magnetic field and mold oscillation - less electromagnetic continuous casting are also introduced.


As sustainable investing gains traction, ESG ratings are growing in importance for investors and issuers, while gaining attention from global media. This article describes the market for ESG ratings, including types of ratings and key providers, and presents several use cases. In the absence of a regulatory framework, several issues and risks reduce the potential benefits of these ratings. The lack of a common definition and of comparability, together with transparency issues, could be ultimately detrimental to the transition towards a more sustainable financial system. To illustrate the impact of these issues on investors, our analysis focuses on the specific case of ESG benchmark construction.


Interactions between guided and radiation modes are studied experimentally in Ti:LiNbO3 single‐mode, single‐Δn intersecting waveguides with small angles. These measurements, which cannot be interpreted in terms of any previous theory for intersecting waveguides, can be understood in terms of a recently developed multiple scattering analysis. Furthermore, it is found that the radiation losses in optical switches and crossovers can be dramatically reduced by a fractional doping of the intersection region.


Advertising language is very critical in advertising and also contributes much to producing advertising effect. As one of the most important pragmatic principles, the Cooperative Principle (CP) is adopted much in linguistic researches. Also, by analyzing a large number of Chinese advertisements with CP, the author finds that it is common that advertisers try to generate implicatures by flouting the maxims of CP. This paper brings a clear look of the Cooperative Principle and its maxims. It also sheds new light on the interpretation of Chinese advertisements.


The research was implemented in a planted area dominated by winter wheat in the Hebi city of Henan Province driving method and EnKF assimilation method were used to coupling the optimized and reconstructed MODIS LAI time series data and the rigorously calibrated wheat growth model WheatSM(Wheat Growth and Development Simulation Model) developed according to the planting varieties of the winter wheat region in North China respectively, the research on winter wheat yield estimation was conducted at field scale and regional scale from 2013 to 2016.The results show that : (1) The coupling simulation precision was inferior to the pre-coupled simulation precision at field scale simulation.(2)When the grid was used for regional scale simulation, the simulation accuracy of 1 km resolution grid point is higher than 5km resolution.(3)At two kinds of grid resolutions, EnKF assimilation simulation has the highest accuracy, followed by the driving method, and the simulation precision before coupling is the lowest. The RMSE of the total output of the EnKF assimilation simulation area and the actual total output at the 1 km resolution grid is 15.1. Assimilation of remote sensing information at fine grid resolution can improve the precision of regionalization application of the WheatSM model.


Based on the structure feature of SMD aluminum electrolytic capcitors,the solvent, solute and the additive used for working elecrtolyte were studied,analyzed and chosen.The manufacturing technology was improved as well.The SMD aluminum electrolytic capacitors which resist lead-free reflow soldering are developed.This type of product could endure 2 000 hours load life at 105 ℃.


Frequency shift keying (fsk) mode of digital signal information transfer switches between two predetermined frequencies of the carrier wave, either by modulating one sine wave oscillator or by switching between two oscillators.The need for a receiver to decode an fsk signal along the transmitting medium from a digital source code within about 5 kilometer radius for security monitoring of environment informed this work. The design of a receiver circuit at a frequency of 500 kHzfor an input frequency shift keying (fsk) signal from a transmitter is presented. The receiver is to receive an RF signal, amplify it, filter it to remove unwanted signals, and recover the desired base band information. It consists of an amplifier, tuned circuitsand mixers which filters the base-band information. A comparator circuit is incorporated, to detect the digital signal received. The output from the comparators is the digital equivalent of the coded signals sent by the transmitter circuit, and transferred to a microcontroller circuit, to act as a coded signal representing information from the transmitting end. The bode-plot response of the receiver to the incoming signals using a FET tuned circuit, shows that only frequencies above 470kHz, and below 495kHz are allowed to pass through the network with a resonant frequency of 483.553 kHz and a gain of 27.734dB, while others are totally attenuated. The reliability of the designed receiver circuit was evaluated for a 1 year continuous operating period and was found to be 74.7%.Area of application of this work include electronic policing of a defined environment with good success.


Symmetry number-corrected entropies for a series of inorganic diatomic molecules were analyzed. We have considered molecules XY (X, Y = H, F, Cl, Br, I, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, B and Al). Based on the assumption of elemental additivity, the prediction of known entropy data is quite satisfactory (except for H 2 ) and provides fairly reasonable estimates for data currently unavailable.


Climate change has significant and negative impact on agricultural productivity and food security in most of developing economies. It brought serious threat in larger agrarian countries because approximate 12 million hectares of arable land is serious degradation each year due to frequent drought and floods; and more than 1.2 billion people are undernourished in the world. This problem would be more alarming in era of climate change because food security of any region directly and indirectly get affect with agricultural productivity, significantly impacted by variability in weather parameters. This situation is in sharp contradiction to the millions who suffer from chronic diseases due to excess food consumption. However, in the developing world, one child dies every six second, and more people die every year due to hunger than from diseases like AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis together. India achieved self-sufficiency in food production since 1970 and it is most self sufficient country in food production.


Adopting methods of literature review, video observation and mathematical statistics the paper made a research on five games between China and rivals participating in the London Basketball Olympic Games and compared offensive and defensive indexes with top 8 in order to find out the causes of Chinese men's basketball team landslide. The results of study showed that many indexes of Chinese team were inferior to rivals and top 8. Index Terms London Olympics. Offense and defense Ability. Men's Basketball.


The device i.e. mounting pylon (34), has a tightening unit for tightening of connecting plates (74, 76) of engine fasteners (42) and of a rigid structure i.e. box (38). The tightening unit includes a wedge-effect tightening block (78) and respective bearing surfaces (94, 96) for supporting connecting plates such that the block exerts, by wedge-effect, forces for tightening the plates against each other along a direction perpendicular to a plane (P) of a contact surface (98) between the plates when the block is applied against the surfaces along a direction parallel to the plane. An independent claim is also included for a method for attaching engine fasteners to a rigid structure.


This paper investigates the various aspects of the capacity value of photovoltaic systems (PV-systems) and the effect of their penetration levels on power system reliability. Unlike wind power, the available output power of PV-systems can be classified into two specific time periods: certainly unavailable during the night and uncertainly available during the day. In other words, during the night, the output power is zero while during the day the output power experience uncertainties due to, among others, clouds and humidity. Therefore, this mixed behavior cannot be modeled as a stochastic variable during all time periods. The output power of PV-systems is clustered into bands and convolved with the output power of the conventional generators to determine the reliability indices and the capacity value. The IEEE RTS is used to demonstrate the effects of different strategies in calculating the capacity values of PV-systems. The results not only show that the capacity value is different for the two case scenarios but also the it decreases in a semi-linear manner as the size of the PV-system increases. Sequential Monte Carlo simulation is utilized to validate the results.


In this paper, by combining bi-direction and cooperative communication technologies, we propose some novel bi-directional cooperative relaying schemes to achieve high transmission performance for half-duplex resource-limited two-way wireless networks. We provide various detailed physical realizations of the proposed schemes taking into account various modulation, detection and diversity branch combining methods. Computer simulations confirmed that, for cooperative relaying system with one relay terminal, compared with the conventional scheme, the proposed schemes can achieve the same BER performance, but 25% higher transmission efficiency. For cooperative relaying system with two relay terminals, compared with the STBC based conventional scheme, the proposed scheme using code combining diversity solves almost all the technical problems of the conventional scheme, achieves the same or even better BER performance and much higher transmission throughput under real communication conditions, with much simpler system implementation, smaller complexity of signal processing and power consumption.


This paper focuses on the driving mechanism behind a 70 km wide region of ground uplift centered on Uturuncu volcano, in the Altiplano‐Puna region of southern Bolivia. We present a series of forward models using finite element analysis to simultaneously test for first‐order parameters that help constrain a viable model for the observed maximum line of sight uplift rate of 1–2 cm/yr between 1992 and 2006. Stresses from pressure sources with finite geometries are solved numerically, accounting for both homogeneous and heterogeneous mechanical rock properties in elastic and viscoelastic rheologies. Crustal heterogeneity is constrained by seismic velocity data that indicate the presence of a large low‐velocity zone, the Altiplano‐Puna magma body, at depths of ~17 km below the surface. A viscoelastic rheology is employed to account for time‐dependent deformation and an inelastic crust. Comparing homogeneous and heterogeneous models demonstrates the significant impact of a mechanically weak, source‐depth layer, which alters surface displacement patterns by buffering subsurface deformation. Elastic model results guide the source parameters tested in the viscoelastic models and demonstrate a range of possible causative source geometries. Our preferred model suggests that pressurization of a magma source extending upward from the Altiplano‐Puna magma body is causing the observed surface uplift and alludes to a continued increase in this pressure to explain both the spatial and temporal patterns. We also demonstrate how a pressure‐time function plays a first‐order role in explaining the observed temporal deformation pattern.


The demo presented here covers three use cases that are part of "DESMOS" (Smart Interconnected Infrastructures for Security and Protection) project which aims to develop a novel framework for the intelligent interconnection of smart infrastructures, mobile and wearable devices and apps for the provision of a secure environment for citizens. The implemented platform promotes the collaboration between people and devices to increase citizens' protection by supporting timely reporting of incidents, adaptation of the interconnected environments in case of emergency and the provision of assistance by empowering local authorities and volunteers. The project is funded by the European Union and Greek national funds under the call RESEARCH-CREATE-INNOVATE, and is implemented by a consortium of Academic/Research Institutes, companies, while the pilot trials are taking place in the city of Trikala, Greece.


As Linux grows up, it aims to satisfy different users and potential situations' needs. During recent years, we have seen Linux acquire different capabilities and be used in many heterogeneous situations. We have Linux inside micro-controllers, Linux router projects, one floppy Linux distribution, partial 3-D hardware speedup support, multi-head Xfree support, Linux games and a bunch of new window managers as well. Those are important features for end users. There has also been a huge step forward for Linux server needs — mainly as a result of the 2.2.x Linux kernel switch. Furthermore, sometimes as a consequence of industry support and others leveraged by Open Source community efforts, Linux is being provided with the most important commercial UNIX and large server's features. One of these features is the support of new file systems able to deal with large hard-disk partitions, scale up easily with thousands of files, recover quickly from crash, increase I/O performance, behave well with both small and large files, decrease the internal and external fragmentation and even implement new file system abilities not supported yet by the former ones.


The present invention relates to a thin-layer solar modules (1) having a plurality of thin-layer solar cells 11 connected in series to the photoelectric energy production. The module includes two substrates 2, 10 are connected to each other by the adhesive layer (9). Each solar cell has a layer structure including the two is arranged between the first electrode layer of the substrate 5 and the second electrode layer of the semiconductor layer 6 is arranged between the 8 and the positive electrode layer. The semiconductor layer forming a pn- junction, and is doped with a doping material. Essentially, the adhesive layer comprises a material doped with the predetermined amount enough to prevent the diffusion-doped material to the adhesive layer from the semiconductor layer.


The intrigue of prohibition tales and the intricacy of court records present a unique opportunity for classroom use.  Integrating historic court records into your social studies curriculum can help strengthen students' literacy skill set and build historical understanding of social tensions and cultural conflicts of the 1920s.


Background: While the majority of occupational injuries and illnesses that result in lost work days occur during typical day shift hours, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics has noted that timing patterns often reflect the unique nature of different occupations. However, a literature search indicated that few studies have assessed the interplay between the timing and the type of nursing staff occupational injury and illness incidents in general, but especially so for those incidents that were recorded on an hourly basis. Methods : This decade-long retrospective population-based study ascertained the timing of diverse types of reported occupational injury or illness incidents among Veterans Health Administration (VHA) nursing employees, who were classified between the nurse, practical nurse, and nursing assistant series. Using January 1, 2002 as the start date for the longitudinal surveillance of incidents, descriptive analyses included 55,424 VHA nursing employees who reported a total of 113,708 incidents between 2002 and 2011, of which 106,216 (93.4%) were retained for this study, because they included both the specific time and the specific type of incident involved. Although nursing staff work shifts can vary widely, three "typical" 8-hour work shifts–that is to say, night shift: 23:01-07:00, day shift: 07:01-15:00, and evening shift: 15:01-23:00–were selected for summarizing study findings (i.e., for incidents that included both the specific time and the specific type of incident involved). Results: Findings indicated that male nursing staff (accounting for 15.4% of the applicable occupational injury and illness incidents) reported a larger percentage of "Assaults" and "Lifting (Patient Care)" incidents, especially during the evening and the night shifts, whereas female nursing staff (accounting for 84.6% of the applicable incidents) reported a larger percentage of "Slips, Trips, and Falls" incidents, but these were more likely to occur during the beginning and the end of each shift.  Findings also indicated that, regardless of gender, "Assaults" and "Lifting (Patient Care)" incidents were more commonly reported during the evening and the night shifts, as compared with the day shift, between all three nursing occupations (nurse, practical nurse, and nursing assistant). "Slips, Trips, and Falls" incidents were more commonly reported during the beginning and end of each shift, between all three nursing occupations. Conclusions: Staffing patterns and nursing staff working conditions are risk factors for occupational injuries and illnesses.  Findings suggest that more attention is needed for ascertaining the potential role and functioning of targeted injury prevention training initiatives with respect to the timing and potential likelihood of selected types of nursing staff occupational injury or illness incidents.


Mesoscale oceanic features such as eddies generate considerable environmental heterogeneity within the pelagic oceans, but their transient nature makes it difficult to identify both their spatial and temporal extent and their effects on the distribution of pelagic fauna. Simplifying these complex features using a biologically meaningful classification system will likely be a useful first step in understanding the extent of their influence in structuring open‐ocean ecosystems. In this study, we present a tool to classify the pelagic environment in the Gulf of Mexico using sea‐surface height and temperature‐at‐depth data from the 1/25° GOM HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Three "water types" were identified: Loop Current‐origin water (LCOW), Gulf common water (CW), and mixed (MIX) water, where the latter represents an intermediate state during the degradation of LCOW to CW. The HYCOM‐derived classifications were validated against in situ CTD data and microbial samples collected through 2015–2016 by the Deep Pelagic Nekton Dynamics of the Gulf of Mexico (DEEPEND) consortium. The validation data comprised classifications derived from both temperature‐depth (TD) and temperature‐salinity (TS) profiles and from microbial community analyses from the surface to mesopelagic depths. The HYCOM classifications produced an overall agreement rate of 77% with the TS/TD classifications, and 79% with the microbial classifications. With applicability across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, we believe that the system provides a useful, complementary tool for biological oceanographers and resource managers interested in better understanding the effects of major mesoscale features on the pelagic biota.


As concern about the effects of climate change on northern regions increases, an important goal of palaeoenvironmental science is placing events that appear to be unprecedented – such as the severe boreal forest firesof recent years (Witze 2020)– intoa long-term context. The boreal forest zone covers a large span of latitude from the permafrost-affected northern tree line to the southern borderwith steppe and the diversemixed temperate forest. Over two thirds of the world's boreal forest and about a third of the Northern Hemisphere terrestrial carbon pool lies within Russian territory, and muchof this is east of theUralMountains, in Siberia and the Russian Far East (SRFE) (Kuusela 1992; Stolbovoi 2002). With the awareness of the region's sensitivity to climatechangegrowing, it is clear that this vast expanse is understudied. Scientific centres, now associatedwith the Russian Academy of Sciences, have long histories of pioneeringresearch inSRFEandtherecontinues tobean impressive flow of new data from these institutions, despite complex logistics of working in remote locations. A problem, however, is that a large proportion of this research is not available to the international community, primarilybecauseof language limitations (i.e. theneed to publish in English for the international audience and the inability of most of that audience to read papers published in high quality Russian scientific journals). International research cooperation can provide an avenue for greater dissemination of Russian research (for example, the Lake Baikal and Lake El'gygytgyn drilling projects, ICDP 2020a, b), but many other nationally funded projects fall outside these joint ventures. This special section of Boreas contains nine papers, six of which are based entirely on recent Russian research projects and three of which represent international collaborations. It is the first major product of a UK– Russia collaboration of palaeoenvironmental research groups, initiated in 2018, theDIMAnetwork (Developing Innovative Multi-proxy Analyses, see https://research.nc l.ac.uk/dima/ and van Hardenbroek et al. (in press)). The maingoal is to jointlydevelopandconduct researchon the late-Quaternary evolution of climate and ecosystems across SRFE. The papers brought together here illustrate the range of geographical locations under investigation (Fig. 1) and the scope of the disciplinary approaches currently being used in Russia. Field locations range from Kamchatka in the northeast tomountains that border the central Asian steppe in the southwest, and techniques include marine micropalaeontology, palaeomagnetism, and a range of terrestrial proxies, including pollen, plant macrofossils, diatoms, and testate amoebae. Several features unite these investigations. Typically, they represent the first study of its kind, or the first of any kind, in a critical geographical area, and nearly all the sites fall within the influence of the hugely important southeast AsianMonsoon system,which has hadamajor impact on both climate means and variability. Additionally, two studies include regional calibration sets for biological proxies; such data sets are critical given the vast geographical scale of SRFE. Along with the palaeo-studies morework isnecessary toprovidea solidunderstandingof the complex temporal and spatial relationships between the atmosphere, biosphere and cryosphere. In southwest Siberia, Blyakharchuk & Kurina (2021, this issue) use a regionally derived calibration for testate amoebae to trace Late-Holocene, high-frequency moisture fluctuations recorded in sediments of a mire system in the Western Sayan Mountains; these mirror changes that affected the steppe region and influenced human population dynamics in the last two millennia. Bezrukova et al. (2021, this issue) present a high-elevation lacustrine record from the Eastern Sayan Mountains that records the Younger Dryas interval and Holocene mountain vegetation responses to changes in moisture, driven bymonsoon dynamics. The mountains form part of the central Asian 'water tower' that is a key source of water for the populous regions of SE Asia. Mikhailova et al. (2021, this issue) provide a 9000-year palaeohydrological study of mire development in the forest-steppe of the Yenisei River basin and place this in a wider geographical context. Their results indicate remarkable similarity across southern Siberia,Mongolia and northern China, with a wet Holocene Thermal Maximum followed by a drier mid-Holocene. Since c. 5000 cal. a BP, however, this southerly taiga region, as well as the Altai-Sayan Mountains experienced, wetter conditions related to increased moisture transport from the North Atlantic by the westerly jets. The other five investigations focus on the Russian Far East. Evstigneeva et al. (2021, this issue) present the first record of diatoms and pollen from the northwest Japan Sea, which records changes in currents and sea


It is argued that the new method for measuring neutral radicals in RF low pressure discharge plasma presented by Wang et al (2006 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 39 3030) is correct. The feasibility and reliability of this new method are discussed using the latest experiment carried out by Wang et al (2007 Int. J. Mass. Spectrosc. 261 25) where details of their proposed new method are also given.


Medical records contain important clues about the history of medicine. These documents, which ostensibly describe the course of a patient's illness, are "unique constructions that allow us to observe the social and technical structure of contemporary healing." As such, the 21st-century hospital medical record reflects the many components of inpatient care: medical interventions, billing, legal documentation, research, and education. It is comprised of a wide array of elements: professionals' notes; vital signs and other descriptive information; laboratory data and test results; demographic information; orders, charges, diagnostic and treatment codes; and other utilization data. It is well understood that many people share and need this information. Current controversies over records involve not control, but computerization, security, and accessibility. Although health professionals offer input, decisions about hospital medical records have been considered largely an administrative responsibility.


This article intends to explain the reasons for the "enforcement difficulty" that the courts have been facing in China for the past decade. By analyzing about 5,000 adjudication and enforcement cases that a court in China handled in recent years, this article concludes that both internal factors such as the judicial enforcement inability and outside factors such as mandatory requirements imposed by state-owned asset regulations upon parties' choices of judicial enforcement procedures contribute to the "enforcement difficulty" in China. The improvement of judgment enforcement in the court where the research data come from reflects the positive results of the judicial reform measures undertaken by this court in recent years as well changes to the outside factors that brought cases of higher quality into such court, which led to a seemingly better enforcement outcome as measured by certain judicial statistics indicators. Although both factors play their roles, the targets of the two factors and the mechanisms through which the two factors play their roles are fundamentally different. The improvement of the enforcement outcome that is primarily brought by the outside factors is not a genuine improvement. Although judicial statistics in respect of the judicial performance in enforcing judgments appear to be improved, no meaningful changes to or improvement of the enforcement results have been observed. On the contrary, the improvement of the enforcement results that are primarily due to judicial reform measures is a genuine improvement. Such improvement is not a mere change to judicial statistics but a real enhancement of judicial efficiencies as well as the improvement of enforcement results.


Cellulase (EC.22.214.171.124) was isolated and partially purified from the submerged culture of Aspergillus niger through a simple four step purification step using homogenization to obtain crude filtrate, ammonium sulphate precipitation, carboxymethyl cellulose chromatography, and sephadex G-200 chromatography. A purification fold of 1.00 and 1.26 were gotten for crude filtrate and ammonium sulphate precipitation respectively, while 0.56 and 0.41 were gotten for carboxymethyl cellulose and sephadex G-200. The highest yield of 96.4% was recorded for (NH4)2SO4 precipitation. Kinetic studies gave Km and Vmax of 0.01 mg/ml and 1.02 μmole/ml/min for carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.02 mg/ml and 0.96 μmole/ml/min for sephadex G-200. Optimum temperature and pH of 40°C and 8.0 were obtained for the cellulase. Ethanol was found to inhibit the activity of the enzyme higher than other inhibitors tested. The implication of this is that given a more suitable carbon source and a longer culturing time, a very useful cellulase with commercial value could be produced.


Diagnosis of speech disorder in children acquiring two languages is problematic. There are few norms for bilingual language acquisition, and speech-language path-ologists are unlikely to speak both languages of the bilingual populations they serve. Further, knowledge concerning the phonological structure of many languages is limited. This article describes the development of a phonological assessment for bilingual children. The assessment was administered to normally developing bilingual children as well as children suspected of speech disorder. The children with speech disorder were referred to the Rochdale Healthcare NHS Trust Speech and Language Therapy Department for assessment of their speech. All of the children spoke either Mirpuri, Punjabi or Urdu at home but were exposed to English at nursery or school. The phonological development of bilingual children in each language is described. The normally developing children showed phonological error patterns in English that would be considered atypical of normal monolingual development in English. The error patterns of two children with speech disorder are also described. The error patterns are consistent with research evidence concerning subgroups of speech disorder in monolingual and bilingual children. The findings provide further support for the hypothesis that symptoms (surface error patterns) of speech disorder are language independent, (i.e., that a single deficit underlies the speech disorder across both languages). The clinical implications for assessment and treatment of speech disorder in children exposed to more than one language are discussed.


The ability of two groups of listeners (over and under 45 years of age) to discriminate among the voices often young male Southern Californians was examined with a paired‐comparison task. Listeners heard both orders of all possible pairs of voices, plus 30 pairs where voices were the same. They indicated for each pair whether the voices were the same or different and how sure they were of their response. Discrimination scores across groups ranged from nearly perfect (Az = 0.97) to near chance (Az = 0.69). Overall, the older group of listeners performed significantly less well than did the younger group: They made fewer correct identifications (24.65 vs 26.58), more false identifications (25.45 vs 17.75), and had a lower group discrimination score (Az = 0.85 vs 0.92). (All comparisons were significant at p < 0.05.) Two explanations are suggested. Aging may affect the ability to discriminate among voices as it does the ability to discriminate among phonemes [P.J. Price and HJ. Simon, L Acoust. Soc. Am. 76, ...


Background : iron-deficiency anemia is the most widespread nutritional deficiency in the world. Objective : to characterize pediatric patients with a diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia attended to at the Department of Hematology of the "Martires de Las Tunas" Pediatric Hospital, from January 1 to December 31, 2016. Methods : a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with children diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia attended to at the place and during the period herein mentioned. The sample consisted of 107 patients who presented microcytic anemia and serum iron values lower than 11 micromole/l; patients with thalassemia and anemia secondary to chronic processes were excluded. Data from the laboratory records were used and processed using descriptive statistics. Results : pre-school patients prevailed with 55 cases for 51,4 % followed by children younger than 1 year with 31 patients for 29 %. Concerning gender, there was a prevalence of the female sex in 56,1 %. Patients with serum iron between 7-8,9 micromole/ml prevailed in 57 % of the studied sample. Conclusions : the studied patients of this research were characterized.


Tracing secondary rays, such as reflection, refraction and shadow rays, can often be the most costly step in a modern real-time ray tracer. In this paper, we propose a new approach to ray tracing on GPU. Our approach is especially efficient for incoherent rays. Combined with the common packets ray tracing, we propose a different data-parallel approach to ray tracing on GPU, in which individual ray intersect with k different nodes/triangles in the same operation. Besides, we add some additional information in the construction of acceleration structure, and propose a new approach to travel the acceleration structure. Our acceleration structure needn't collapse, so it could be built very efficiently, which is promising for dynamic scenes. Despite this approach is slower for primary rays, but demonstrate that it performs better than those techniques as soon as incoherent rays are considered.


Some wild Ganoderma lucidum were found growing on logs of dead wood and tree stumps at different location of the Nasarawa State College of Agriculture, Lafia and the Faculty of Agriculture, Lafia Campus, during the wet rainy season. The matured fruiting bodies seen as red open caps were removed for proximate, mineral and anti-nutrient evaluation. The result showed that the fruiting bodies contained appreciable amount of crude protein (16.79%±0.13), carbohydrate (63.27%±0.2) and crude fibre (7.77%±0.34). The crude fat (1.52%±0.09) and fatty acid (1.22%±0.07) were low, making it a valuable nutritional ingredient for utilization in poultry production. The ash content of the mushroom (8.42%±0.13) also showed it contained appreciable amount of nutritionally important minerals, Ca (1.99%±0.04), K (1.11%±0.04), Na (229.88±0.34), Fe (121.37±1.82), Mn (71.06±1.56), Zn (51.49±2.16) and P (30.17±1.29) parts per million (ppm). Magnesium (0.34%±0.01) and copper (7.43±0.13) were least. The anti-nutrients, tannins (18.27%±0.30), phytates (2.43%±0.09), trypsin inhibitors (2.39%±0.11), saponins (1.26%±0.06), oxalates (0.57%±0.06) and cyanide content (0.08%±0.01) were low. The presence of these essential nutrients, which are nutritional requirements of poultry, implies it could be utilised as a feed supplement to improve growth performance and health of poultry. It was therefore concluded that wild Ganoderma lucidum contained appreciable amount of nutrients and could be utilized to improve growth performance and health status of poultry.


Joint Russian-Finnish research expeditions have been carried out to eastern Pechora Sea, in order to investigate the environmental conditions in north-eastern Europe . The engineering geophysical studies are focused on the setting of Pleistocene-Holocene sediments and on locating areas with hazardous shallow permafrost and accumulation of free gas.


While sustainable land use planning ensures land preservation through urban compactness, liveable residential environments are commonly associated with low density levels. Analyzing the relationships between density and neighborhood satisfaction (as a measure for liveability) may therefore help urban planners to offer sustainable infill projects that also guarantee liveability for the residents. Objective or subjective measures of density can be proposed. While the literature considering objective density is plentiful, the empirical work analyzing the relationships between density perception and neighborhood satisfaction is surprisingly scarce. In this study, we use a 2015 online survey in the Loire-Atlantique Département in France that provided 1,134 questionnaires, which we analyzed using a discrete choice experiment. We find that neighborhood satisfaction has no relationship to the perceived density of the built environment by individuals. What matters is peacefulness as another type of neighborhood perception. Healthcare accessibility is also valued by the residents.


Quasi-static uni-axial compressive experiments were conducted on two cellular metals, i.e., open-cell aluminum foams and circle-hole aluminum alloy honeycombs, filled with silicate rubber. Compared with those without silicate rubber filler, the uni-axial stress-strain curve of aluminum foams with the filler has higher and longer collapse plateau, and no conspicuous densification region. The circle-hole aluminum alloy honeycombs with silicate rubber also have a higher modulus, higher and longer collapse plateau than those without the filler. The results show that the cellular materials with silicate rubber filler exhibit excellent performance in absorbing energy under uni-axial compression. Based on the deformation process of circle-hole aluminum alloy honeycomb, we found that the cell wall was elongated due to the incompressibility of the silicate rubber filler. This mechanism changed the cellular materials' deformation mode and improved their performance.


Summary.  The paper investigates a Bayesian hierarchical model for the analysis of categorical longitudinal data from a large social survey of immigrants to Australia. Data for each subject are observed on three separate occasions, or waves, of the survey. One of the features of the data set is that observations for some variables are missing for at least one wave. A model for the employment status of immigrants is developed by introducing, at the first stage of a hierarchical model, a multinomial model for the response and then subsequent terms are introduced to explain wave and subject effects. To estimate the model, we use the Gibbs sampler, which allows missing data for both the response and the explanatory variables to be imputed at each iteration of the algorithm, given some appropriate prior distributions. After accounting for significant covariate effects in the model, results show that the relative probability of remaining unemployed diminished with time following arrival in Australia.


Accurate prediction of product quality can be used to control the online production process of workpieces, an appropriate prediction model can effectively improve the yield of industrial production. In order to obtain missing data, the classic method is to regress them one by one. However, the traditional regression prediction method destroys the correlation of the data and cannot use the quality inspection index efficiently. This paper presents an improved hybrid model. The essence lies in a novel easily pluggable CGAN module that refines the previous step of regression data. compared with the regression method, the CGAN module can learn the joint d istribution of data. The experiment of real data result shows that our method has high accuracy compared with the existing ones


This study aimed to investigatet the meaning, concept and development of globalization in term of the cultural aspect, relevant to Arabic Language. It also examined how globalization, as a western product, affected in spreading of Arabic Language in the world. Moreover, it explored that by it, nowadays, how many users are benefited as well as other language throughout the world. It also investigated the nature and the cultural, political and economical senses of the concept. It, furthermore, addressed the positive and negative effects of globalization on the spread of Arabic Language as compared with other international language. In conclusion, the negative effects are apparently more dominant than the positive ones.


Chaotic-based S-box image encryption schemes promise to be a practical solution for securing digital images. However, the high-dimensional continuous chaotic has increased the algorithm's complexity. Recent alternatives that focused on double or multiple S-box es approaches, on the other hand, have been proven vulnerable to differential attacks. This paper presents an efficient and secure chaotic-based S-box image encryption scheme. Firstly, a single S-box with a size of $10\times 26$ was constructed by using a low-dimensional chaotic system. Without a complex mathematical operation, the constructed single S-box has obvious efficiency advantages and achieved a higher image entropy rate than recent double or multiple S-box es. Secondly, a new dynamic encryption step method is proposed to solve the high correlation and deterministic problems in multiple S-box encryptions. Under the control of the dynamic encryption step algorithm, it effectively destroys the correlation between the source image's pixels. The experimental results and security analysis show that the proposed scheme enjoys higher security and is more efficient to secure digital images in real-world applications.


The invention relates to a composition based on an aqueous paint, in particular a stain or with a varnish, and an aqueous colloidal dispersion of cerium, this dispersion exhibiting a pH of at least 7 and comprising an organic acid having at least three acid functions and the third pK is at most 10 or a salt thereof, and ammonia or an amine. This composition has a water resistance and mechanical strength are improved, thereby increasing its life or the duration of its presence on the substrate it protects.


The invention relates to an electrically actuatable parking brake system for a pneumatic braking system, comprising a control valve device (22) that has a control piston (100). The parking brake system can assume at least two operating states, namely a parked state or a driving state. The operating states can be assumed in a selective manner dependent on a position of the control piston (100), and the parked state is provided when the control piston (100) is forced into an end position by the force of a spring (98) that lies in a spring chamber (116). According to the invention, leaked air that exits a ventilating connection (70) of the control valve device (22) can be returned into the spring chamber (116).


The invention relates to a method for forming at least a laser beam (8) in a resonator in which the transverse laser beam profile is defined, wherein the laser beam profile preset by the desired profile shape corresponding local thermal change in refractive index of the resonator between the resonator mirrors (1, 2) arranged agent, for. B. thermoresponsive polymer, which from a heat source, eg. B. heat source located outside of the resonator is heated, for example the by a resonator mirror (1) taking place through thermal conduction. is heated. The invention also relates to a laser resonator comprising at least two resonator mirrors (1, 2) and a valve disposed between the resonator laser-active medium, in which a preferably arranged outside of the resonator heat source (1a) and its refractive index changing within the resonator under heat means, for. can be heated as in warmleitenden contact with the resonator (1) stationary means, such as a controlled thermoresponsive polymer from the heat source (1a) of preferably selectable transverse positions z. Example by means of heat conduction through the resonator (1) therethrough.


A systematic approach to the analysis and design of a bi-directional Cuk converter for the cell voltage balancing control of a series-connected battery string is presented in this paper. The proposed individual cell equalizers (ICE) are designed to operate at discontinuous-capacitor-voltage mode (DCVM) to achieve the zero-voltage turn-off switching (ZVS) for reducing the switching loss of the bi-directional DC/DC converters. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed battery equalization scheme can not only enhance the bi-directional battery equalization performance, but also can reduce the switching loss during the equalization period. The switch power is significantly reduced by about 52.8% from MOSFETs and the equalization efficiency can be improved by 68-72% using the proposed DCVM ZVS battery equalizer under the specified cell equalization process


Jasmonic acid (JA) is an essential and important component of the rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plant self-defense response. Oh the other hand, its amino acid (aa) conjugates are suggested to play some role in the stressed tissues. Here we examined and compared in detail the effects of exogenously applied JA and JAaa conjugates on symptoms, phytoalexin production and protein profiles, in the leaves of young rice seedlings, using techniques in liquid chromatography and two-dimensional electrophoresis. Results revealed that among the four JAaa conjugates examined in this study, the phenylalanine and leucine conjugates were highly effective in causing necrotic symptoms, enhanced levels of naringenin 7-0-methyltamsferase activity and subsequent phytoalexin sakuranetin production, and changes in protein profiles. These results suggest that like the critical signalling molecule JA, the JAaa conjugates, especially the phenylalanine and leucine conjugates, might also be important endogenous components of the rice plant defense/stress response pathways.


The implications of the recent measurement of the decay {tau}{sup {minus}}{r_arrow}{nu}{sub {tau}}{ital {bar K}}{pi}{pi} are analyzed in the resonance dominance picture. With flavor SU(3) symmetry, the observed {ital {bar K}}{sub 1} resonance production in {tau}{sup {minus}}{r_arrow}{nu}{sub {tau}}{ital {bar K}}{pi}{pi} requires {tau}{sup {minus}}{r_arrow}{nu}{sub {tau}}{ital a1}{sup {minus}} dominance in the nonstrange axial-vector channel. Then the spectral function sum rule cannot be saturated with {rho}, {pi}, and {ital a}{sub 1}. The inclusion of the first excited vector meson brings back a consistent picture and improves the {pi}{sup +}-{pi}{sup 0} mass difference calculation.


Character strengths are universal traits that are valued in their own right and do not necessarily lead to instrumental outcomes. Throughout the course of positive psychotherapy, the clinician actively looks for events, experiences, and expressions of strengths in the lives of clients. These may manifest through abilities, skills, talents, capacities, and aptitudes that can be nurtured in order to cope with and potentially buffer against psychological disorders. The most critical aspect of a strengths-based therapeutic approach is a contextualized use of strengths, which keeps presenting problems and symptoms front and center. Strengths can be assessed early in the therapeutic process. Systematic assessment of character strengths, in addition to symptoms, will enrich clinical understanding.


We present an almost all-optical node architecture suitable for on-the-fly packet and burst switching without losses. The operation of the node is based on wavelength converters for mapping the incoming to the outgoing links, and for intra-node contention resolution. The node can be built out of commercially available equipment, and is easily scalable, with respect to the number of its incoming and outgoing links, by simple addition of components.


Purpose The purpose of this study was to reveal the characteristics of mothers who used stay-type postnatal care facilities, usage situation, reasons for use. In addition, to reveal the difficult situations that postpartum mothers experienced when they used stay-type postpartum care facilities. This study surveyed users of stay-type postpartum care facilities in Tokyo who consented to the research. Data included mother's socio-demographics and responses to open-ended questions about situations that were difficult during their postpartum period. Data were analyzed using simple aggregation; open-ended responses were categorized using content analysis. From the 9 facilities queried, 111 questionnaires were returned during the one-month of data collection. Mother's ages ranged from 35 to 39 and the mode was 39 (35.1%), indicating that most were older mothers. The most common length of stay was less than one week after delivery by 39 (35.1%) of mothers. Mother's stay difficulties were sorted into 9 categories: (1) Situation of sleep deprivation due to frequent breastfeeding and baby crying; (2) Situation of caring for infant with physiological pain and distress after childbirth; (3) Breastfeeding situation that are not ideal; (4) Situation of dissonance with family due to changes in family roles; (5) Situation with vague anxiety and loneliness; (6) Situation of unclear judgment on the growth, development and physical condition of infant; (7) Situation that require self-judgment and response to childcare that goes against the image; (8) Situation of self-loathing by comparing self with others; (9) Situation of worries about returning to work and financial matters.


The article considers archaeological and cultural significance of local tradition of treatment by metals stamping (so called basma) in medieval towns Talchir and Kajalik. The author comes to conclusion that main motives of this manufacture were connected with traditional symbolic and religious presentations. In those conditions all cultural influences were added and corrected by local tradition.


. Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. CV . Jet Star) seedlings grown in small cells (plugs) in trays holding 200, 406, or 648 plants per Abstract. 'Napoleon' grafted onto Colt, F/12-1, and MxM60 rootstock were planted into three types of tree holes: augered; backhoed, and backhoed plus fumigation. The


Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS) is a promising paradigm for the large-scale sensing. In this paper, we aim to build a truthful framework of MCS taking user mobility and incentive into account. The proposed framework is composed of two challenging problems, path planning and incentive mechanism design. In path planning, every user as a worker independently plans a tour to carry out tasks based on its own strategy. In incentive mechanism design, the platform leverages a mechanism to select the winners and determine the payments. To solve these two problems, a heuristic bidirectional searching algorithm is proposed for path planning and an incentive mechanism is designed. The proposed mechanism is proved to be computationally efficient, individually rational, and truthful. Finally, the simulation results show that our proposed heuristic algorithm outperforms the baseline algorithms and approaches the optimal solution in path planning. Our proposed mechanism has a total payment smaller than that of a Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism.


The range of applications of RPAs in various industries indicates that their increased usage could reduce operational costs and time. Remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs) can be deployed quickly and effectively in numerous distribution systems and even during a crisis by eliminating existing problems in ground transport due to their structure and flexibility. Moreover, they can also be useful in data collection in damaged areas by correctly defining the condition of flight trajectories. Hence, defining a framework and model for better regulation and management of RPAS-based systems appears necessary; a model that could accurately predict what will happen in practice through the real simulation of the circumstances of distribution systems. Therefore, this study attempts to propose a multi-objective location-routing optimization model by specifying time window constraints, simultaneous pick-up and delivery demands, and the possibility of recharging the used batteries to reduce, firstly, transport costs, secondly, delivery times, and thirdly, estimated risks. Furthermore, the delivery time of the model has been optimized to increase its accuracy based on the uncertain conditions of possible traffic scenarios. It is also imperative to note that the assessment of risk indicators was conducted based on the Specific Operations Risk Assessment (SORA) standard to define the third objective function, which was conducted in a few previous studies. Finally, it shows how the developed NSGA-II algorithm in this study performed successfully and reduced the objective function by 31%. Comparing the obtained results using an NSGA-II meta-heuristic approach, through the rigorous method GAMS, indicates that the results are valid and reliable.


Summary form only given. Low power VLSI video compression processors are in high demand for the emerging wireless video applications. Video compression processors include VLSI implementation of a motion estimation algorithm. Many motion estimation algorithms are found in the literature. Some of them are fast but cannot guarantee an optimal solution; they can be stuck in local optima. Such algorithms are fast, consumes less power when implemented in VLSI, but they can result in high levels of distortion that cannot be accepted in many applications. On the other hand the full search block matching algorithm (FSBM) is computationally intensive and a VLSI implementation of such an algorithm has high power consumption. This paper presents an exhaustive search algorithm for block matching motion estimation. The proposed algorithm reduces the computational load with successive elimination of non-candidate blocks in the search window. Our proposed algorithm assigns each pixel to a category depending on its value. The number of categories is predetermined. The algorithm consists of number of stages, the first of which has the fewer categories, eliminating those search points that are the farthest from the match. The last stage is the FSBM but with fewer search points. This computational reduction leads to low-power VLSI implementation of the algorithm. Also, it leads to faster efficient motion estimation procedure. The correctness of this algorithm and its complexity are proved.


Despite strong industrial interest, only recently have quantitative predictions for entangled polymer rheology become possible. Major advances are achieved with an alternative approach to entanglement modeling—slip-links. For example, the discrete slip-link model (DSM) allows for equilibrium and high-flow-rate predictions with a strong connection to a molecular basis. Slip-link models are applicable to arbitrary composition and chain architectures, but usually incur high numerical cost. Recent advances in coarse-graining allowed for a speedup of order one hundred, but further improvements are required for the ultimate goal—simulations of nonhomogeneous flows. On the other hand, it is possible to rely on advanced computational devices to obtain additional speed-up. GPUs are one of the most rapidly developing kind of computational devices, and provide immense computational power, but also have some critical restrictions on numerical operations. Since slip-link models have a unique level of description, our ...


Objective: to evaluate changes produced by a critical learning experience in the nursing image of a group of students. Methods: mixed design; 92 first-year participants. Information collection: Initial questionnaire, (pre-post) scale and reflective journal (post-activity). Change of control desire: Student t for paired data. Change in the perception of autonomy and emotions: Content analysis. Results: Scale of desire for control (pre): 55.65 (over 75). Global pre-post scores with no significant differences. Yes for following dimensions: Autonomy (10,10-12,20 p <0,001); Power and Influence (9.53-12.58 p <0.001). Perception of autonomy mostly poor. Participation in the activity seemed to arouse emancipatory desires. Process accompanied by numerous emotions. Conclusions: The learning experience showed significant changes in desires for autonomy and power. Constructivism in nursing studies could be an useful tool to promote "emancipating and autonomizing ways of seeing nursing".