In this work we make a study of the different semantics for a modal probabilistic system. In the first part of the work, we compare two model-based semantics: relational and neighbourhood semantics. Nearly all the works in the field of probabilistic modal logic fall within the first label. We defend that neighbourhood semantics is more suitable for probabilistic modal logic, particularly for subjective probability logic. The main reasons of this are the following:
- Neighbourhood semantics allows to distinguish between lack of probabilistic belief and the complementary probabilistic belief in the opposite proposition.
- In neighbourhood semantics we can equate the composition of the doxastic and the probabilistic operator with the subjective probabilistic operator.
- Relational models can be seen as isomorphic to a certain subset of neighbourhood models.
- It is more adequate for future developments. For example, non-standard probabilistic believers or situations in which we distinguish between explicit and implicit belieg. In the second part of the work we choose to develop two dynamical semantics. We develop variations of dialogical games and semantic tableaux for probability modal logic for the probabilistic modal operator, establishing the corresponding rules for dealing with probabilies. We find the following remarkable results: • Being a non-normal modal operator, we can extablish a connection between the model-theoretical semantics for probability and the rules for our dynamical systems. • There is a connection between probabilistic semantic tableaux and dialogical games, so they can be seen in parallel.


We investigate the many-body properties of a two-dimensional electron gas constrained to the surface of a sphere, a system which is physically realized in for example multielectron bubbles in liquid helium. A second-quantization formalism, suited for the treatment of a spherical two-dimensional electron gas (S2DEG), is introduced. Within this formalism, the dielectric response properties of the S2DEG are derived, and we identify both collective excitations and a spectrum of single-particle excitations. We find that the single-particle excitations are constrained to a well-defined region in the angular momentum - energy plane. The collective excitations differ in two important aspects from those of a flat 2DEG: on a sphere, the 'spherical plasmons' have a discrete frequency spectrum and the lowest frequency is nonzero.


This paper describes two types of planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) fed at the edge. The proposed antenna can perform in multi frequency matching. The broad radiation patterns and the gain of more than 3dBi are obtained at two frequency matched.


This paper explores the effect of perceived online social network attributess and interpersonal trust on formation of attitude and intention to pass along electronic word of mouth about online stor...


University years are a critical period in a person's life. It is during this period of completing adolescence and struggling to become an adult that young people face the difficulties of both this certain developmental period and the new hardships brought on by university life. Most university students strive to achieve a balance between their academic and personal lives (Hayes, 1997). It has been reported that when compared with university students from previous years, recent incoming students at universities were more distressed (Ergene & Yildirim, 2004; Yildirim, 2006), had greater problems and needs (Kitzrow, 2003; Vonk & Thyer, 1999), and therefore needed to cope with more diverse problems (Archer & Stewart, 1998). Because of these problems, there is a serious need for university counseling centers. The first psychological counseling and guidance centers in higher education institutions emerged in the early 1900s. In subsequent decades, especially in the 1930s and 1940s, intensive discussions took place about the role and approaches of counseling in the world, and these centers eventually became a central part of university education after the Second World War (Hodges, 2001). In Turkey, the issue was first brought up by the Higher Education Council during the 1980-1981 academic year. During that same time, the Higher Education Council enacted a new law, which mandated the establishment of psychological counseling and guidance services in every higher education institution in order to help students cope with their personal and familial problems (Higher Education Law, 1981). Despite this law, counseling centers were established in only a few well-established and highly ranked state universities and several newly established private universities (Yerin Guneri, 2006). One such private university is Baskent University. The counseling center at Baskent University was established in 1993 and began offering its services in September 1997. In addition to individual and group counseling, the center also organizes study groups and seminars. The topics that the center deals with include communication skills, adjustment to university life, coping with stress, dating skills, assertiveness, study skills, and test anxiety. The services provided at the center are focused primarily on developmental and preventive issues. Clients with severe problems are referred to the psychiatry service of Baskent University Hospital. Following a consultation with the psychiatry service and depending on the client's condition, the student is either treated entirely by this service or seen jointly by the service and the counselor. In addition to the aforementioned services provided by the center, informative seminars are also offered to students and staff regarding the functions and working conditions of the center; although such seminars were more frequent during the first years of the center, they still continue to be held. There is no charge to students for using the counseling center. Previous research has shown that the need for university counseling centers and the number of clients (Bishop, 1990; Dogan, 2006; Kitzrow, 2003; Stukenberg, Dacey, & Nagy, 2006) have increased over the years. Bishop (1990) emphasized that such an increase occurred not only in the number of students but also in the gravity of problems. Similarly, many studies have focused on the question of whether clients at counseling centers are presenting with more serious symptoms. In general, these studies were based either on reports from counseling center staff and directors or on client self-reports. Most college counseling center directors and/or practitioners have reported that the number of students with more serious psychological problems is growing (Gallagher, 2004, 2005; Gallagher, Gill, & Goldstrohm, 1998; Robbins, May & Corazzini, 1985; Sharkin, 1997). Benton, Robertson, Tseng, Newton, and Benton (2003) examined counseling problems over a period of 13 years and found that 14 of 19 client problems, including depression, had increased. …


In order to solve the problem of the control accuracy of visual servo control system of PUMA560 robot,a kind of image-based adaptive visual servo control strategy was presented.The control strategy was based on robot kinematics and dynamic equation as well as on the parameter estimation and design of controller.The unknown parameters of task's Jacobian matrix and those in the transforming matrix from the camera to the end of the robot could be on-line estimated by the new controller in the process of robot movement.Meantime,the system stability was also analyzed.The simulation and experiment result showed that,by using this controller,the dynamic and steady-state characteristics of the system were made robust,so that an ideal control effect could be achieved.


Drug interaction is a type of Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) that can eventually increase morbidity and mortality rates. CKD patients have a significant risk of developing polypharmacy due to comorbid diseases and pharmacokinetics' alteration. The literature review was conducted by exploring all of the articles related to the drug interaction using drug interaction analysis program in CKD patients, which obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct, using several keywords combination. Based on the comprehensive reviews conducted, it is known that the most common effects of antihypertensive drug interactions in CKD patients are decreasing effects of antihypertensive drugs, hypotension, and hyperkalemia. Handling management used for the emergence of potential drug interactions is based on the severity of the drug interactions and complete knowledge of the patients' clinical condition. The management of drug interaction by monitoring blood pressure, diuresis, and potassium levels; Monitor the related effect symptoms; Monitor the fluid and body weight; Monitor the kidney and heart function. On the condition where the handling management of potential drug interactions is not carried out, elevated morbidity and mortality rates are the risks of complications arising from the drug interactions.


Headmaster training is an important task of the continuing education of different ranks of education training institutes.Based on the purpose and the requirement of headmaster training,this paper focuses on the exploration and practice of effective headmaster training system,advanced training concept,sound training contents,and operative training patterns from the perspective of modern training theory,which intends to help promote the scientific development of headmaster training.


The identification of the dominant sources of carbon supporting consumer biomass in aquatic food webs is often difficult but essential to understanding the limits to aquatic secondary production. Stable isotope analysis (SIA) is a powerful tool to estimate the contribution of different sources to consumers, but most food web studies using this approach limit analyses to a few key consumer taxa rather than measuring biomass‐weighted contribution of sources to the entire community. Here we combined stable isotope analysis with standardized measurements of abundance and biomass of fishes and invertebrates in seven waterholes of a wet–dry tropical river sampled early and late in the dry season. We showed that periphyton (as opposed to phytoplankton and terrestrial C3 plant detritus) was responsible for most standing fish biomass (range 42%–97%), whereas benthic invertebrates were reliant on a mixture of the three sources (range 26%–100%). Furthermore, larger, older fishes at high trophic levels (catfish Neoarius spp., sleepy cod Oxyeleotris lineaolatus and barramundi Lates calcarifer) were supported almost exclusively by periphyton. Phytoplankton and detritus supported a considerable biomass of benthic and pelagic invertebrates, but only in taxa that occupied low trophic levels (e.g. snails). These measurements provide further evidence that although periphyton is relatively inconspicuous relative to other sources, it contributes disproportionately to metazoan biomass in wet–dry tropical rivers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


What would the future look like without a U.S.-Japan security alliance? An alliance is not a marriage—it is thus reasonable to ask such things at a 50th anniversary. In many ways, though, the alliance between the United States and Japan has come to be viewed like a marriage, "for better or for worse." Also, like many marriages, long-simmering resentments and decades of accumulated slights, perceived or real, can develop into a poisoned environment that calls into question the larger good. Such a development must be stopped. In my view, the alliance exists "for better," though it is not without problems and a need to adapt to new realities. As such, problems should be addressed to the extent possible, and both parties should be pleased to be mutually shaping the international environment in ways they could not do individually. In short, it is time for a "renewal of vows" on this long-standing relationship: one that considers carefully how each party has developed over the past 50 years as well as how the needs of each have changed, and that values the contributions both states make to the health of the relationship. By contrast, continuing with ossified patterns for the sake of continuity or symbolism threatens to undermine the health and stability of both parties individually and the relationship as a whole. The world has changed dramatically since 1960, with a massive proliferation of wealth over weapons and large "islands of peace" emerging within the international system. The primary security concern in 1960 from the perspective of the United States and Japan—the Soviet Union—has literally ceased to exist. Since 1960, change has been even more dramatic in East Asia, the area for which the U.S.-Japan alliance was originally conceived. There has not been a major combative war in the region in decades, nearly all states are engaged in respectful and peaceful dialogue on outstanding security problems, and defense spending as a percentage of GDP is declining in virtually all states in the region. That is the good news. The bad news, of course, is that new threats and broader security challenges have emerged. Among them is a marked increase in threats that are best countered collectively rather than individually or bilaterally, including terrorism, piracy, proliferation of WMDs, and climate change. In


The enormous number of automobiles being used the world over has caused and keeps on causing difficult issues of climate and human existence. Air pollution, an Earth-wide temperature boost, and the rapid depletion of the world's oil assets are currently major issues. Electric Vehicles (EVs), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) have been typically proposed to supplant conventional vehicles sooner rather than later. This paper review the electric vehicle (EV) applications stimulated by Li-ion battery (LiB) and supercapacitor (SC). The combination of these fuel sources is a decent solution for better exhibitions of the Electric Vehicle.


The present inventions relates to a method for adjusting the light setting for a multi-color light source, which method comprises receiving input from a user related to at least one of white color, hue, and chroma, and adjusting white color, hue, and chroma of the light source in accordance with the user input. The method is characterized in the step of automatically changing a current hue and chroma level when the user input is received. This automatic change makes possible to render the subsequent adjustment in setting perceivable for the user, which facilitates the adjustment of the light source. The present invention also relates to a corresponding system and computer program product.


A series of novel Schiff bases derived from 2-oxo-quinoline-3-carbaldehyde with ortho-phenylene diamine (o-phen) and nitro-ortho-phenylene diamine (nitro-o-phen) and its corresponding transition metal complexes were synthesized, charac- terized by elemental analysis, spectral (IR, 1 H-NMR, Mass, UV-Vis, Fluorescence, ESR and TGA) and magnetic studies. The results were found that all the metal complexes possess octahedral geometry. The measured molar conductance values in DMF solution indicates that the complexes are non-electrolytic in nature. The redox behavior of metal complexes are investigated by using cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, Schiff bases and their metal complexes have been screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities by MIC method. The DNA cleavage studies showed the cleavage of DNA by the agarose gel electrophoresis method.


We investigate relations between the global squeezing of composite systems and the local squeezing of subsystems. For the pure symmetric product states, the global squeezing parameter is found to be equal to the local one for both spin and bosonic systems. Hence, a pure symmetric state is entangled if the global parameter is not equal to the local one. Two origins of the global squeezing are identified: one is from the local squeezing and the other from quantum correlations. For both spin and bosonic systems, we find that the entanglement can lead to a smaller global squeezing parameter; namely, the global squeezing is enhanced.


HCV RNA levels were measured in patients with chronic hepatitis C (Cobas Amplicor HCV Monitor v2.0). Liver biopsies were obtained at baseline and after 12 months of treatment and were read independently by two hepatopathologists who were blinded to the biopsy sequence. Modified Histological Activity (HAI) Index of Knodell and Ishak fibrosis stage were used to assess changes in necroinflammatory scores and fibrosis stage, respectively. Change in steatosis was also assessed.


Four methods to solve the all pairs examination problem are presented. The first two methods are based on the fold-over scheme. The remaining two methods are adopted from some parallel sorting algorithms. All of these approaches can be implemented on a linear systolic array.


Concerning with energy shortage and environmental issues, renewable energy seems to be one of the promising energy resource for alleviating the problems. One of the most important energy resources, particularly for developing countries, is biomass. With regard to the biomass, agricultural residues account for the largest amount available worldwide. The residues are available as a free, indigenous and environmentally friendly energy resource. For the case of Phitsanulok, one of the most important crops in this area is maize. The productivity according to the previous data of the province was over 142 kton per year for this kind of crop. Hence, approximately 39 kton of maize cob was available in this area. In this study, the maize cob briquetting process was investigated. Raw materials used were maize cob and molasses, which performs as the briquette binder. The die pressure range was limited to a modest one, less than 15 MPa. Several factors, which are the percentage of relaxation in length, the percentage of increased volume, the impact resistant index, the percentage of weight loss, and the water resistance, had been examined. It was found that the final percentages of relaxation in length and increased volume after 96 hours exposure to the laboratory atmosphere were in the range of 15%-18% and 20%28%, respectively. All briquettes produced showed the great results on the impact resistant test. Nonetheless, for the case of water resistant investigation, the dispersion times for all briquettes were less than one minute.


Variations in the typical anatomical relationships of the paranasal sinuses are frequently found. The frontal sinuses are usually situated in the vertical portion of the frontal bone, but may extend into the orbital portions or may be so tiny that x-ray visualization is difficult if not impossible. The ethmoids are so unpredictable that no standard location of the anterior or posterior cells can be postulated, and extensions into the middle turbinate, parasphenoid region, and the agger nasi region are not unusual.


This article is a theoretical analysis of a particular niche in film studies. It examines the profound influence of early cinema on the development of the science-fiction genre by considering: the concept of spectatorship, the apparatus of exhibition, the manipulation of temporality, and the influence of master conjurer and filmmaker Georges Melies and his use of trick photography. This article seeks to reconstruct the genealogy of sci-fi from the fragmented remnants of early cinema. By adopting a historiographical and archival approach to research, each scholarly text presents a unique concept to the study of film history. Critical attention focuses on the theoretical framework of such notable scholars as Rick Altman, Mary Ann Doane, Thomas Elsaesser, Tom Gunning, Brooks Landon, Albert J.La Valley, Christian Metz, Simon Popple and Vivian Sobchack. Their work cumulatively proposes an interpretive history of early sci-fi cinema through a critical analysis of the genre in its formative era, of which Georges Melies is the foremost author. Before discussing the origins of the contemporary science-fiction genre, one must extrapolate a modern definition that is consistent with its earliest cinematic form. In one of the leading critical studies of American sci-fi cinema, Screening Space, Sobchack distills science-fiction to its first principles by analyzing its decisive role in the broad landscape of cinema. The genre is quite broad, in a sense, with various theorists offering numerous competing definitions. Sobchack, however, narrows her focus on the genre's speculative nature, noting that: [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] The SF film attempts to meet our expectations by using the magic of design and special effects cinematography to show us things which do not exist, things which are highly speculative, which astonish us by the very fact of their visual realization on the screen since they have no counterparts in the world outside the theatre. (1) In his essay, "A Semantic/Syntactic Approach to Film Genre," Altman distinguishes between two methods of analyzing genre theory. The sci-fi genre may be examined in terms of its semantic properties--a set of common characters types, locations, camera movements, and so forth--as well as its syntax--the denotation of meaning from its aforementioned semantic characteristics. (2) Altman notes that, "The semantic approach thus stresses the genre's building blocks, while the syntactic view privileges the structures into which they are arranged." (3) Though still in its gestational period, early cinema employs recurring motifs to define science-fiction's syntactic theme of speculation. If traditional genre theory does indeed dictate science-fiction, then semantics are its bricks and mortar. In The Aesthetics of Ambivalence, Landon surmises that, "Special effects facilitate the depiction of SF stories by providing the necessary images of non-existent phenomena--futuristic cities, other planets, space ships, aliens, faster-than-light travel" (4) and the like. Arguably then, the first science-fiction motion picture in the history of cinema is Georges Melies' Le Voyage dans la Lune (1902), a film that entertains several salient examples of such visual speculation. Influenced by the earlier literary traditions of Jules Verne's From the Earth to the Moon and H.G. Wells' The First Men and the Moon, the story follows a spectacular journey to the moon aboard a makeshift rocket. (5) After a group of explorers lands on its rocky and unstable surface, they are immediately surrounded by the strange and unfamiliar: streams of fire explode from beneath the surface; stars turn into women and snow appears to fall from the sky; after descending into the lunar surface, an umbrella magically transforms into a mushroom; the explorers encounter hostile moon creatures; captured by a society of civilized beings, the men escape in their rocket and fall back to earth unscathed. …


This case describes the dilemma of recently hired assistant principal, Fred Bates, who finds himself in a school with a negative and unsupportive school climate. There are significant trust issues between the teachers and principal. Bates struggles to navigate various obstacles and works to establish positive relationships with both his principal and the teachers. He begins to question his loyalty to the principal, and has ethical concerns as he realizes that the school principal has abused his power and damaged, at times intentionally, the trust and respect of the teachers. The principal reaps the repercussions of his unethical actions and is dismissed from the school. Bates is then appointed as the new interim principal, and he is left with the daunting task of rebuilding the trust and confidence of the teachers.


The present invention relates to a powder paint that contains from 0.05 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 2 wt .-% of at least one linear polyethylene hard wax.


China government sent students abroad began in the 1870 s,in 1872 the Qing government sent young students to the United States,which was organized by the government first in the history of China. Until the late Qing Dynasty to study abroad to upsurge again,while the study of education compared with the previous study in Europe and the United States,studying in study abroad personnel structure,national trend,presents the characteristics of students management.


THE AMERICAN CHEMISTRY Council (ACC), a chemical industry trade group, is asking the White House to loosen a host of federal regulations to help revitalize chemical plants damaged by Hurricane Katrina. ACC has asked the Bush Administration to temporarily relax a number of clean air and hazardous waste regulations in the Gulf Coast disaster zone so chemical plants can more easily clean up and restart their operations. ACC is also seeking tax changes, including a new credit for companies that retain employees in the storm-ravaged areas. In addition, ACC is urging the government to take a raft of actions to curb consumption of natural gas, a key feedstock for the chemical industry. Jack N. Gerard, president and CEO of ACC, wrote in a Sept. 14 letter to President George W Bush, "Our facilities report shortages, supply interruptions, and extremely high prices {of natural gas} as a result of the storm." ACC's energy recommendations include providing ...


AbstractObjectives. – Focus on the different therapeutic patient education (TPE) programs for stroke survivors found in the literature. Verify their contentand efficacy.Method. – A literature review was conducted by searching for entries from 1966 to 2011 in the Medline and Cochrane Library databases. Thereferences for the accepted articles were taken into consideration and the articles corresponding to the criteria inclusion but not present within theinitial search wereselected. Thekeywordsused were''selfcare'', ''selfmanagement'',''patienteducation''and ''stroke''.Giventhemultiplicityofsymptoms that may be addressed in TPE programs, and following expert advice, the symptoms were grouped after expanding the bibliographicsearch using the following, additional keywords: ''dysphagia''; ''swallowing disorder''; ''urinary incontinence''; ''caregiver''; ''fall prevention'';''falling''; ''injury''; ''shoulder pain''; ''physical activity''; ''exercise''; ''aphasia'' and ''cognitive impairment''.Results. – We found 30 article abstracts. In the end, we only accepted seven articles on general TPE programs that were well structured anddetailed enough. The TPE programs found in the literature were often of questionable methodological quality. The multiplicity of symptoms led tovery general TPE programs that covered all possible stroke after-effects. The purpose of these programs was to reduce stress and anxiety, toimprove quality of life and to alleviate psychosocial after-effects. A change in caregiver and patient behavior was observed at times. We expandedthe bibliographic search to include scientific arguments that could help implement TPE programs for more specific targets.Conclusion. – TPE programs for stroke survivors could be improved by standardizing and assessing programs that focus on a specific problemcaused by the various possible after-effects of strokes. In order to promote education for stroke survivors, specific training for health careprofessionals and appropriate funding are necessary.# 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.Available online atwww.sciencedirect.com


A laboratory experiment was conducted, in the laboratories of the College of Agriculture-University of Anbar, for disturbed soil samples taken from one of the fields in the previous College of Agriculture, Baghdad University, latitude 33.2 south, and longitude 44.24 east. Wooden sawdust extract (WSE) was added to soil in 5, 10, and 15% levels in an equivalent proportion of soil organic matter (SOM) content for nine cycles of wetting-drying (WDC). A factorial three replications experimental design was statistically analyzed. A significant increase was noticed in the mean weighted diameter (MWD) of soil at fast wetting, where it raised for 5, 10, and 15% WDS levels. The interaction was significant in the second WDC for the same WSE levels in comparison with zero addition treatment where they were 123.62 and 173 % respectively, meanwhile 10 and 15 % WSE levels significantly superior to 5% level by 38 and 69 %. Whereas slow wetting MWD gradually to be 37 and 86% starting from third till ninth WDC successively compared to second WDC. The effect of WDCs on the saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) of aggregates greater than 9.5mm was significant in this trait, as it increased by 13, 8, 13, 19, 18, and 18% for the 2ed, 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th, and last WDC, respectively. It also found a clear effect of the add-on levels in the saturated water conductivity (SWC) within 9.5 – 4 mm aggregates. There was a significant increase in equivalent add-on levels of 5, 10, and 15% with 8.4, 32.9, and 74.2% successively. There was a significant increase of 5, 10, and 15% equivalent addition levels of 8.4, 32.9, and 74.2% respectively compared to the level of non-addition of WSE extract. Soil samples tested with an electron scanning microscope, the samples to which WSE were added became granular and aggregated surfaces, while the untreated samples were smooth, with no granular surfaces and sharp edges.


Abstract A system is proposed for describing corrosion pits in a metal surface by a combination of agglutinated numbers and letters coded to a schedule rating the five principal characteristics of pitting corrosion. The system would facilitate transmission of pitting data by providing a 10-digit number covering their depth, equivalent diameter (including those of irregular shape), area (expressed as a percentage of total surface), nature of pit walls and time (reduced to a standard interval). Pit depth is expressed as a percentage of material thickness rather than a finite dimension, walls would be rated vertical or gradual in comparison with a 45 degree angle and time would be in penetration per year. Area of pits as percentage of total area would be determined by placing over the pitted surface a transparent grid and comparing the area visually with a conventional standard delineating 10 stages of severity. Suggestions and recommendations for improvement of the system and submission of specimens of pitt...


The capital market is one of investment alternative that able to yield optimal advantage for investor. Each investor is requiring of relevant information with transaction development in stock. This is very important to be made in consideration in compiling strategy and decision making of investment in capital market. The objectives of this research to analyze the influence of interest rate, inflation, exchang rate, and money supply to volume of stock trading on LQ-45 that listed on BEI in 2009-2012 periods. This research using time series data from IDX Statistic ICMD (Indonesian Capital Market Directory) and Indonesian Bank monthly published on BEI in January 2009 until December 2012. Population in this research is all company which included on LQ-45 that is 45 companies and number of samples 16 companies by passing phase purposive sample. Analyze technique to use in this research is multiple linier regression to obtain describe which totally regarding relationship between one variable with other variable. And use aplication Statistical Package For Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics 21 program. The result of this reseacrh shows that interest rate variable has a negative and not significant to volume of stock trading, while inflation variable has a positive and not significant to volume of stock trading intrading, exchang rate and money supply variable has a negative and significant to volume of stock trading on LQ-45.Result of Adjuts R Square Keywords : Volume of Stock Trading, Interest Rate, Inflation, Exchange Rates, Broad Money


This research aims at exploring the linguistic features employed by advertisers in Cosmopolitan Magazine beauty product advertisements. The study mainly focuses on the use of language in beauty product advertisements and the strategies employed by the advertisers in shaping the ideal concept of women's beauty. This research is conducted under the theory of Critical Discourse Analysis proposed by Fairclough that focuses on a conception of discourse as text (micro level), discourse practice (meso level) and sociocultural practice (macro level). Its aim is to explore the relationships among language, ideology and power and to find out how advertisers persuade the women to buy their products. The result shows that there are some linguistic features employed by the advertisers i.e. positive and negative adjective, pronouns, imperatives, and modality. Meanwhile the strategies employed are positive-self representation, irrational representation, celebrity endorsement, and clinical test proof


'Lvyuan No.4'is a new F1 hybrid cucumber variety bred by crossing 281 gynoecious inbred line as female parent and L3 inbred line as male parent.The 281 gynoecious inbred line was selected from B21 introduced from Korea by 5 generations'selection.The L3 was selected from'Zhongnong No.8'inbred line.'Lvyuan No.4'grows vigorously.Its node is in middle length.The leaves are dark green in color.Its fruit is about 30 cm in length and good for supermarket sale.The fruit stem is short and thorns are evident on surface.It is resistant to cucumber mosaic virus and bacterial augular leaf spot disease,mid-resistant to downy mildew.It matures early and can yield about 82.5 t·hm-2.It is suitable for open field cultivation in spring and autumn,and under big plastic shed in autumn in the North of Yangtze River.


We propose in this letter the time-based receive transformation (TRT) to suppress the inter-block interference (IBI) in the single-input-single-output (SISO) system with faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling under the multi-path channel. For the trailing-zeros based FTN signaling or the OFDM based FTN signaling, the achievable rate benefits from the increased symbol rate but is degraded by the increased number of symbols that multi-path inter-symbol interference (ISI) affects. We show that the TRT based FTN signaling can completely eliminate the effect of IBI so that its achievable rate benefits from both the increased symbol rate and the increased number of symbols that multi-path ISI affects. We also show that the achievable rate for the TRT based FTN signaling is larger than that for the trailing-zeros based FTN signaling and the OFDM based FTN signaling, and this advantage increases with the ratio of the symbol rate to the Nyquist rate.


Basing on x-ray and clinical examinations, the authors report on the incidence, distribution according to sex and age, and lateral localisation of arthrosis occurring in the first segment of the foot. The bilateral type of arthrosis mostly occurs as a result of hallux valgus and is seen in women. Furthermore, degnerative changes and structural modifications of the dislocated sesamoids are also frequent. Arthrosis associated with hallux rigidus is a degenerative process mainly found in men, which is exclusively unilateral. This degenerative process shows the classical clinical and x-ray signs pertaining to arthrosis


Almost since the beginning of radio-biological research there has existed a marked division of opinion concerning the significance to be ascribed to the time factor involved during the administration of a given fixed dose of X or gamma radiations. The different views advanced by experimentalists and radiotherapists can be summarised as follows:— (1) That the maximum biological effect is obtained by the use of a brief irradiation of great intensity. (2) That the maximum biological effect is obtained by the use of a protracted irradiation of small intensity. (3) That the biological effect is independent of the time of administration of the dose of radiation. The exponents of the first theory are represented in particular by the German "intensive" therapists, whilst the "protracted" technique was pioneered mainly by the French, under the guidance of Regaud. That the continued existence of these apparently contradictory results is due to the occurrence of serious error in the researches of the various schools...


Nonlinear and Statistical Physics Research GroupDepartment of Physics, Faculty of ScienceOlabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 2002, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria(Received April 25, 2008; revised version received June 16, 2008)This paper investigated chaos control of four-dimensional autonomousvan der Pol Mathieu (vdPM) system that describes dust-charge fluctuationin dusty plasma. A recursive backstepping scheme was employed to designa single control input that effectively controlled the undesirable unstablebehaviour of the vdPM system. Both theoretical analysis and numericalsimulations were presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposedcontrol scheme.PACS numbers: 05.45.Gg, 05.45.Pq, 52.25.Gj


Through inspection of the microstructure,properties,alloy content of core and interface of broken high speed steel rolls during heat treatment process,the main cause of barrel breakage was found.During core pouring process,the melt back capacity of high temperature melted iron is too much for the out layer,causes total capacity of core alloy increases,made core structure,especially carbide quantity of interface part become over much,and made strength of roll interface and core rapidly decreased.


A fast acoustic screening method in combination with an ELISA method was applied for the detection of deoxynivalenol (DON) in co-occurrence with some trichothecenes such as zearalenone (ZEA) and T-2/HT-2 toxins in winter wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) of the most popular Lithuanian cultivar Sirvinta. Strong correlations between the amplitude of the acoustic signal that penetrated the wheat samples and DON as well as total amount of mentioned trichothecenes quantified by ELISA method were found (R2=0.787 and R2=0.794, respectively). It turned out that weak correlations between the acoustic signal and the concentrations of ZEA and T-2/HT-2 were found. These correlations suggest that DON is the marker of the Fusarium infected wheat grain. This statement is also strengthened by the fact that DON is the most significant trichothecene contaminant of cereal grains in the world and levels are generally higher in the wetter climates. The dependency determined between the acoustic signal and structural physica...


One may find the price (US $200), length (839 pages), and title of this book (War Epidemics: An Historical Geography of Infectious Diseases in Military Conflict and Civil Strife, 1850–2000) daunting. The subject is also daunting: an elucidation of synergies between war and pestilence, 2 apocalyptic horsemen. However, War Epidemics is largely successful in discussing the subject in the context of what the authors define as "historical geography." Indeed, this book was not meant to be, nor is it, an encyclopedic account of all war epidemics.


We consider a possibility that the recent OPERA results on neutrinos' superluminality could be caused by a local effect of a new gauge field sourced by the earth. If neutrinos couple to this gauge field via a gauge-invariant but non-renormalizable interaction, the coupling effectively changes a background metric, thereby leading to superluminality of neutrinos. This possibility might naturally explain why neutrinos from CERN CNGS beam to Gran Sasso Laboratory become superluminal while those from SN1987A to Earth become subluminal.


Most people are raised in a traditional environment which teaches that someone-winning implies that someone-loses. However/ psychology and the examples provided in the Watergate scandal demonstrate that such a philosophy is neither productive nor beneficial. A twin -win" philosophy of cooperation, not competition, is needed for individuals to function well in a society where teamwork is needed. This change of philosophy can be accomplished by employing a form of rhetoric developed by Carl Rogers. Students should recognize that within their classes and for the world problems the need is for cooperation. (WH)


The minor metabolites oasomycin E, 8, and F, 9, isolated from the culture broth of Streptoverticillium baldacii subsp. netropse(strain FH-S 1625), were structurally characterized as new 42-membered macrolactones of the desertomycin family. A detailed analysis of the fermentation time-course of the producing organism, pH-static fermentations and in vitro conversions of the oasomycins result in a complete picture of the biosynthetic relationships of the desertomycin family. Desertomycin A, 1, the first product detected in the biosynthetic sequence, undergoes an oxidative deamination leading to oasomycin F, 9, which is converted via lactonization of the side chain into the main product oasomycin B, 5. In the late stage of the fermentation, enzymatic demannosylation resulted in the aglyca of the oasomycins 1, 8 and 7. In pH-static fermentations these results were successfully used to direct the fermentation process to produce the desired members of the desertomycin family.


session 2 The development of an anaesthesia machine to deliver xenon and its use as part of an anaesthetic technique in a horse B Santangelo, A Robin, K Simpson, J Potier, M Guichardant, K Portier. Section of Anaesthesiology, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France; Vetronic Services, Newton Abbot, UK; Laboratoire Carmen, Lyon, France. Xenon, due to its interesting anesthetic properties, could improve the quality of anesthesia protocols in horses despite its high price (Derwall et al. 2009). This study aimed to develop and test an anesthesia machine capable of delivering xenon at a lower cost. An equine anesthesia machine (Tafonius) was modified by including a T-connector in the valve block to introduce xenon, so that the xenon was pushed into the cylinder by expired gases. A xenon analyzer was connected to the expired limb. The operation of the machine was modeled and experimentally tested for denitrogenation, wash-in and maintenance phases. The system was considered made of two compartments, one being the horse's functional residual capacity, the other one being the cylinder and circuit. A 15 year-old, 514 kg, healthy gelding horse was anesthetized using acepromazine, romifidine, morphine, diazepam and ketamine. Anesthesia was maintained for 70 minutes with xenon and oxygen, co-administered with lidocaine constant rate infusion. Ventilation was controlled. Cardiorespiratory variables, expired fraction of xenon (FeXe), blood gases were analyzed at 10, 30 and 60 minutes after induction and xenon plasma concentrations were measured. FeXe remained around 65%, using a xenon total volume of 250L. Five additional boli of ketamine (0.6 mg kg) were required to maintain anesthesia. Mean PaO2 was 45 ± 1 mmHg. Xenon was detected in blood during all the administration time. This pilot study shows that some refinement is necessary to achieve a good level of anesthesia with xenon at a reasonable price.


The following document tracks the phenomenon of insanity and its connections with memory and forgetfulness in two of Laura Restrepo's novels: Dulce Compania (1995) and Delirio (2004).
It has been several years since western authors have been concerned about offering dual explanations to diverse phenomena; nonetheless, since the last part of the XIX century such a doctrine has been revised critically. In that way, it is a critical study what is shown herein. It is the purpose of this research to make evident, from the very reading of Laura Restrepo's novels, how the boundaries between sanity and insanity, as well as between memory and forgetfulness, are blurry.
The following research (which is an hermeneutical approximation to the mentioned works) intends to make visible the references towards insanity, as well as how sanity is preached, how memory is stated, and how forgetfulness is made patent.
Nevertheless, there is a leading hypothesis underneath such objective: those two novels make believe that no human being is not mentally sane in a whole; but no human being is insane in the strange presence of insanity.
The ideas of tension and the travel metaphore, as well as the concepts of exile, and the porous feature of human nature are proposed. Those are not exclusive terms; au contraire, those overlap through the novels. It is a matter of emphasis to highlight the very same reality: the permanent mobility of the reason in between insanity and forgetfulness; this latter seen as an inseparable partner of memory.


Recycling is one of the most favored waste management options in the world. Comparison of production of the same good from virgin raw materials and from recycled ones shows benefits of using the latter option. Recycling processes could have significant impact on power energy system and finally on environment. Recycling saves energy primarily because it reduces the need to extract and refine natural resources. Each type of recycling is different and could be the source of different environmental impact. The amount of energy use by recycling processes as well as saved energy could be therefore different. Owing to different forms of energy generation in different countries, the cumulative environmental impact associated with recycling processes and their energy consumption could be substantially different. Comparison of different countries in that case could be very interesting and show the importance of proper waste management and its impact on clean energy production paradigm.

Keywords:

waste management;
recycling;
waste incineration;
LCA;
environmental impact


In an organised retail sector, retail service quality is the primary facet to gain or retain large number of customers. This study is carried out to identify the retail service quality gap in Big Bazaar retail store in Thiruvananthapuram. Survey conducted through questionnaire has 120 responses. Out of 120, 107 responses were administered for data analysis through SPSS 20.0 package. Retail Service Quality with respect to Big Bazaar retail store is measured through different statistical tools like Mean, Standard deviation, Friedman's Ranking Test and Compare Means in terms of five dimensions of RSQS. This enabled the researcher in suggesting the retail store operators in five dimensions of retail service quality to ensure that the best retail service quality is offered to the customers.


The improvement of the rural logistics network system is to speed up regional product flows, timely and user requirements to ensure the precondition and foundation, but the logistics network system for China's rural areas far from perfect, has a very important study of its economic value and political significance, the article is This study is based mainly in rural areas of existing logistics network system and its problems, to find logistics network system with the economic characteristics of rural regions the relationship between the logistics network in rural areas of the establishment and improvement of system to provide a viable solution and means.


Mr. Alan Ker in Class. Quart., vol. xliv, 1950, pp. 12–24, discusses a number of Martial passages which appear to him to be in need of elucidation or textual amendment. That some of these passages require elucidation seems indeed clear, but few require any treatment of the kind prescribed by Mr. Ker. In so many cases does he seem to me needlessly to alter the epigrammatist's carefully chosen words and ascribe to him others which he would never have used that it seems but proper to call attention to some instances. The following notes are intended to show that Martial was a more able writer and the transmitters of his work more competent than Mr. Ker's paper would suggest; the conclusions accord with Heraeus' observation (p. vii) 'coniecturis omnino non multum loci est in Martiale, minimum, ubi αβγ conspirant'.


With passive tags achieving longer read ranges, the design of a proper long-range RFID reader has become a challenging issue. A complete long-range passive RFID system, focused on the backscattering tag-to-reader communication and the reader architecture, is presented in this paper. Main reader design constraints are discussed. Guidelines to design a PSK backscatter modulator are also given. The system is not only simulated, but also fabricated and measured. Thus, both the designed reader architecture and the simulation tool are validated. A read range of 10.6 m with only an 11deg phase difference has been measured.


This study examines the thesis suggested by James Hunter that left liberal political activists of evangelical religious persuasions represent a historical unique combination ofpolitics and religion which can be best interpreted using New Class theory. Content analysis ofa journal published in the 19th century is compared to content analysis by Hunter of Sojourners and The Other Side magazines. It is concluded that evangelical, left-liberal political activism is not historically limited to the appearance of New Class. An alternative framework for understanding evangelical political activism is suggested.


Bill of Sale for 1/8 of the Schooner William Tyson from Zenas L. Adams to Reuben R. Wheldon; witnessed by Alvah C. Nickerson. The bill includes a long list of other partial owners and the amount each owns of the William Tyson.


The present invention discloses a high purity of caspofungin or a salt thereof and a preparation method and uses. It discloses a low solvent residue and the salt of caspofungin or salts thereof and its preparation process; the caspofungin or a salt thereof The crude product was dissolved in water and acetic acid system, and the first organic solvent is ethanol were mixed, and then and a second organic solvent ethyl acetate mixed, having good stability with low solvent residue and the salt of caspofungin or its salt by filtration and co-dried to obtain water.


ABSTRACT This article reports Plegadis chihi (White-faced Ibis) as a new host for Colpocephalum infuscati, as well as a new geografic distribution for this louse.


Piezoelectric inertia motors use the inertia of a body to drive it by means of a friction contact in a series of small steps. These motors can operate in "stick-slip" or "slip-slip" mode, with the fundamental frequency of the driving signal ranging from several Hertz to more than 100 kHz. To predict the motor characteristics, a Coulomb friction model is sufficient in many cases, but numerical simulation requires microscopic time steps. This contribution proposes a much faster simulation technique using one evaluation per period of the excitation signal. The proposed technique produces results very close to those of timestep simulation for ultrasonics inertia motors and allows direct determination of the steady-state velocity of an inertia motor from the motion profile of the driving part. Thus it is a useful simulation technique which can be applied in both analysis and design of inertia motors, especially for parameter studies and optimisation.


Hundred years of studies of the deep geology of Poland in the Polish Geological Institute – a historical outline. A b s t r a c t. Polish Geological Institute was established in 1919 as the geological survey of Poland. During its entire history the Institute has been playing the leading role in regional geological studies, including the country's subsurface geology and deep structure, to provide scientific basis for mineral exploration and production, and also for other fields of applied geology. These activities were strongly influenced by the complicated history of Poland during the past 100 years with periods of economic and political crisis interwoven with times of better prospects for economy and geology. Regardless of these external circumstances, the geologists and geophysicists of the PGI have constantly been expanding the knowledge of the geology of Poland by publishing thousands of contributions in the form of articles, monographs, maps and atlases. The Institute also contributed to the geology of Europe by participating in various international research projects that resulted in highly rated publications.


In this paper, we address the problem of the end-to-end management of a heterogeneous public network. In the case study, the access part of the network is based on the ADSL technology for the provisioning of high-speed IP over ATM to the customer and consists of ADSL network elements and ATM access switches. The core of the network is ATM-based and provides connectivity to retailers, which in this case are Internet service providers (ISP). We give an insight into the technological approach which consists of building a distributed platform, based on CORBA, that integrates existing element and network management systems and provides an end-to-end configuration, performance and fault management solution. The architecture of a generic resource adapter for SNMP devices as well as an automated SNMP-to-IDL mapping method are detailed.


The article examines the coverage in the American media of issues related to the signing of agreements, called the "Abraham Agreement", on mutual recognition and normalization of relations between Israel and the UAE, as well as between Israel and Bahrain through the mediation of the United States. The main focus is on comparing the positions of liberal and conservative publications regarding the assessment, motives and consequences of signing agreements, as well as the role of Donald Trump and his administration. Based on the material considered, it is concluded that conservative publications are more consolidated and complementary in their attitude to the "Abraham Agreements", while in liberal publications the spread of opinions is sometimes diametrically opposed, with a noticeable bias towards a skeptical point of view.


Objective
To investigate the relationship between the level of triglyceride(TG) and the severity of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis(HLAP).

Methods
From January 2013 to May 2017, 225 HLAP patients who were transferred to the Gastroenterology Department, Hepatobiliary Surgery Department and Critical Care Department were selected and their general data were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into two groups according to the blood TG condition: 103 patients in the low TG group, 69 males and 34 females, aged(40.63±1.16) years old and ranging from 38 to 65 years old; 122 patients in the high TG group, 92 males and 30 females, aged(42.14±0.62) years old and ranging from 40 to 67 years old.The complications, biochemical indexes, complications and hospitalization indexes of the two groups were analyzed, and the clinical characteristics, severity and mortality of the two groups were compared.

Results
Blood glucose level[(13.82±0.78) mmol/L]in the high-TG group was higher than that in the low-TG group[(11.03±0.93) mmol/L], total cholesterol[(10.18±0.72) mmol/L]was higher than that in the low-TG group[(7.61±0.38) mmol/L], and blood urea nitrogen[(8.09±1.27) mmol/L]was higher than that in the TG group[(5.26±0.42) mmol/L], and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The blood sodium content[(130.83±0.47) mmol/L]in the high-TG group was lower than that in the low-TG group[(137.43±0.42) mmol/L], (P<0.05). Patients with local complications under CT scan in the high-TG group were more than those in the low-TG group, and the severity of AP was higher than that in the low-TG group(P<0.05). ICU occupancy rate of patients in the low TG group[7.8%(8/103)]was lower than that in the high TG group[21.3%(26/122)], (P<0.05).

Conclusion
HLAP patients with high TG have serious condition, high ICU occupancy rate, high incidence of local complications under CT scan, and most of them have poor prognosis.

Key words:
Acute pancreatitis; Hyperlipidemias; Hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis; Blood fat


In recent years, there is a serious impact on the reliability of transmission lines because of the ice storm ice in southern China and it make the research of the transmission line ice-melting characteristics that is particularly important. The paper use Burgos Waldorf ice-melting calculation formula calculate for melting ice model; And according to compare to the test data in artificial climate laboratory, verificating the Burgos Waldorf ice empirical formula can be applied to the DC and AC ice-melting. According to empirical formulas and the test data in artificial climate laboratory have been getting the relation between melting ice currents, melting ice time and ambient temperature, climatic factors. It provides guidance on the development of AC and DC melting ice technology.


ZnWO4/graphene hybride (GZW-X) photocatalysts were synthesized via a facile in situ reduction of graphene oxide and ZnWO4 in water. High efficiency for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under both UV light and visible light was obtained for the GZW-X photocatalysts. The photocatalytic efficiency of ZnWO4/graphene-0.2 wt % under visible-light and UV-light irradiation was ∼7.1 and 2.3 times that of pristine ZnWO4, respectively. The visible photocatalytic activity originated from the •OH and O2•–, which were formed by photosensitization of graphene in ZnWO4/graphene. The enhancement of UV photocatalytic light activity in ZnWO4/graphene was attributed to the high separation efficiency of photoinduced electron–hole pairs resulting from the promotion of HOMO orbit of graphene in ZnWO4/graphene.


The invention relates to a method for producing direct reduced iron. Refined iron ore powder is taken as raw material, the material and reducing agent are mixed in proportion of 1:0.5-5.0, binding material is added to prepare a preform, and the preform is placed in a reducing furnace to produce direct reduced iron at 700-1600 DEG C by reduction. The reducing agent is straw and fruit of crops, or dry fruit shell, or branch, leaf and wooden meal of trees, or the mixture thereof. The straw and fruit of crops, or dry fruit shell, or branch, leaf and wooden meal of trees, or the mixture thereof is dried and dehydrated at 50-300 DEG C to be made into powder, or is treated by insulating from air at 400-1200 DEG C to be made into powder. The characteristic of the powder after high temperature treatment is close to that of activated carbon, and the powder, being used as the reducing agent of reduced iron, has high activity, fast reducing speed, good reducing effect and good product quality; by applying the invention, use of non-renewable energy resource can be reduced, thus being beneficial to environmental protection, and the production cost is low.


This contribution to the Research Handbook on the Theory and Practice of International Law-Making discusses the law-making potential of domestic courts. Given the seemingly strict 'dualist' approach of international law to domestic law and domestic court decisions ('merely facts'), the paper demonstrates the modest international law-developing function of domestic courts: it first details their methods in engaging international law, and then discusses the impact of such engagement. It concludes that domestic courts may, in terms of content, fine-tune rules of international law rather than set grand principles. In terms of process, this is done by 'suggesting' the fine-tuning, rather than in any way single-handedly developing international law.


The kinetic properties of transesterification reaction in polycarbonate/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PC/PBT) blends were investigated by H NMR spectroscopy under various annealing conditions. During the TGA analysis which is commonly used for composition analysis of polymer blends, the exchange reaction occurred very actively before it reached the thermal decomposition temperature of PBT. Hence, the composition of PC in thermogram seemed to be less than the original value. The kinetic constants of transesterification in PC/PBT (50:50 wt%) blend and powder mixture at 200, 250, and 300 C were calculated from the degrees of transesterification obtained while increasing the annealing time. It was found that the kinetic constants for the blend were greater than the mixture, and the exchange reaction was considerably progressed even in the short annealing time.


This paper focuses on the preparation of High Density Polyethylene/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Fiber composites which was fabricated via melt blending/compounding method using a Laboratory Mixing Extruder (LME). The effect of PVA fiber concentrations (i.e. 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 wt%) on the thermal properties (i.e. melting and crystallization) of the composites was investigated. The thermal properties of the composites were analysed using a Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The DSC analysis results exhibited that the presence of PVA fiber did not considerably change the melting and crystallization properties of the composites. The melting temperature (Tm) of all the composites samples were similar, which was in the range of 130 - 131 °C. The highest Tm was belong to sample PVAC-20 (i.e. 20 wt% PVA fiber). In the other hand, the crystallinity index (Xc) of the HPDE/PVA fiber composites decreased with the increase of PVA fiber concentrations. The Xc of the composites decreased from 56.7 % for PVAC-0 to 49.8 % for PVAC-20. Additionally, in term of crystallization behavior of the composites, the effect of PVA loadings on the crystallization temperature (Tc) of the composites was also not significant. The Tc of all composites samples were similar, which was about 115 °C. It can be suggested that the addition of PVA fiber did not affect the crystallization process of the matrix.


We present the PESCaDO Ontology, a modular application ontology exploited for personalized environmental decision support, that enables to formally describe (i) the user decision support request, (ii) the environmental data relevant to process the request, as well as (iii) the decisions and conclusions to be produced. The PESCaDO Ontology was thoroughly developed following state of the art best practices, and it is matched with a comprehensive and detailed documentation.


In this paper, we investigate simulated annealing algorithm (SA) capable of optimizing the scheduling tasks in ad hoc networks. They exploit the best features of the two well-known scheduling disciplines round robin (RR) and shortest distance (SD) based on local information at the nodes in the network. The effectiveness of the SA algorithms, where several cooling strategies are used, is evaluated by comparing system performance under different packet scheduling algorithms including RR and SD. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms provide an optimized performance and minimize the average buffer size, therefore decreasing the power consumption of the system


A wavefront measurement to obtain the wavefront information of the projection optical system, with that of irradiating the projection optical system a light beam emitted from the pinhole array for measuring the reticle, the periodicity of the light beam that has passed through the projection optical system in the X direction and Y direction of the X direction and the Y that the transmittance distribution of the direction of incidence on the diffraction grating having a sine wave distribution of the shape, based on the interference pattern by a plurality of beams generated from the diffraction grating includes obtaining a wavefront information of the projection optics (PO). On the basis of the interferograms obtained using the diffraction grating, it is possible to measure the wave front information of the tested optical system with high accuracy.


Abstract Classification is a major tool of statistics and machine learning. A classification method first processes a training set of objects with given classes (labels), with the goal of afterward assigning new objects to one of these classes. When running the resulting prediction method on the training data or on test data, it can happen that an object is predicted to lie in a class that differs from its given label. This is sometimes called label bias, and raises the question whether the object was mislabeled. The proposed class map reflects the probability that an object belongs to an alternative class, how far it is from the other objects in its given class, and whether some objects lie far from all classes. The goal is to visualize aspects of the classification results to obtain insight in the data. The display is constructed for discriminant analysis, the k-nearest neighbor classifier, support vector machines, logistic regression, and coupling pairwise classifications. It is illustrated on several benchmark datasets, including some about images and texts.


Over the middle months of 2002,
Australians participated in a lively
public discussion of the possibility of
legislated paid materniry leave. This
followed Goward's (2002a) options
paper on paid maternity leave, released
in April 2002. Response moved rapidly
from whether Australia should have a
scheme, to what type of scheme we
should have. Goward travelled the
country addressing groups, and the
issues received almost daily media
attention. Alchough some public
discussion has indicated there is
concern that business, particularly
small businesses, could not afford the
costs of paid maternity leave, Goward's
paper stated clearly that making
businesses directly liable for costs was
not an option. Other issues raised
include funding arrangements, the
appropriate length of paid leave,
eligibility of women not in paid
employment at the time of a birth, and
whether paid maternity leave would
have any impact on Australia's low
birth rate, or on breast cancer rates.


If a resource importing country can commit to the future development of a backstop tec hnology, such a development program can be used strategically to affe ct the pricing policy of a resource supplier. Previous studies have r evealed the interesting possibility that by delaying development of t he substitute, the importing country could benefit from a favorable p roduction response on the part of the exporting country. This paper d emonstrates that this effect can indeed occur, but the set of paramet ers for which it does occur is smaller than previously realized. The intuition behind this effect is further developed. Copyright 1988 by The Econometric Society.


In late 2015, a camp was set up in the vicinity of the Scottish Parliament, on landbelonging to the Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body. What became known as the 'Indycamp' comprised a collection of tents, motor vehicles, caravans and trailers, along with the campaigners who brought these items themselves. The campaigners - the (self-styled) Sovereign Indigenous Peoples of Scotland - had hoped to remain there until Scotland became independent from the rest of the United Kingdom. However, court action brought by the landowner in the Court of Session resulted in an order to remove the camp. Following an unsuccessful reclaiming motion against that order,1 the Indycamp was cleared on 4 November 2016. The legal process to clear the camp raised some interesting points of law, primarily in relation to access to land, demonstrations, and access to justice. This note considers these issues in turn.


Growing concern about transportation emissions and energy security has persuaded urban professionals and practitioners to pursue non-motorized urban development. They need an assessment tool to measure the association between the built environment and pedestrians' walking behaviour more accurately. This research has developed a new assessment tool called the Walkable Integrated Neighbourhood Design (WIND) support tool, which interprets the built environment's qualitative variables and pedestrians' perceptual qualities in relation to quantifiable variables. The WIND tool captures and forecasts pedestrians' mind mapping, as well as sequential decision-making during walking, and then analyses the path walkability through a decision-tree-


The microorganism has the latent superiority for the treatment of metalcontaminated waters.This experiment adopts the liquid media for the sewer bacterium and the anaerobic bacterium raise under the condition of the anaerobe or the facultative anaerobe,already has achieved to pollutant Zn removing rate in 48h about 80%,reduced greatly the microorganism adsorption degeneration zinc response cycle.At the end of the process it indicates that the compounds precipitated are most probably Zn.


[Objective] To study the characteristics of industry,population and time distributions of 80 acute occupational poisoning accidents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai,to explore the prime causes,and to provide a basis for developing control and prevention strategies.[Methods] A retrospective survey was conducted on 80 acute occupational poisoning accidents which occurred between January 1996 and December 2008.[Results] A total of 157 victims were identified in these 80 acute occupational poisoning accidents,with 129 males(82.2%) and 28 females(17.8%).The peak annual occurrence(43 accidents) was found in the period of 2003-2005.Sulfureted hydrogen was identified as the most common chemical substance that caused 42 people(26.8%) poisoned and 15(71.4%) deaths.Of the 80 accidents,45(56.3%) occurred from July to September.The common causes of the accidents included protection equipment failure(35.0%),not wearing personal protective equipments(28.7%),and violation of safety operation procedures(18.7%).[Conclusion] A comprehensive strategy on safety education and the allocation of safeguards and personal protective equipments should be introduced against the causes of acute occupational poisoning.


The current literary criticism in English language provides shelter for a host of trends including post-colonialism. It emerged in the departments of English of the main universities of the Western Civilization having as its target the new literary productions from the centers which were never at stake. The post-colonial approaches cover a wide range of subjects, such as the speech of the colonizer and that one of the colonized, issues concerning race, gender, sexuality, cultural identities, and diaspora, among others. Thus, the following essay points out the most relevant topics in this field of study and approaches some of the most important works of the recent post-colonial literatures. Key-words: Multiculturalism; diaspora; identity; empire; other.


Provided is an electronic device including: a coupling unit to/from which any one of a plurality of optical heads is selectively attachable/detachable; a communication unit capable of communicating with an external device; an optical unit for transferring, to the external device, light reflected by the body of a user and passing through the optical head attached to the coupling unit; and a control unit for controlling the communication unit to acquire identification information for the optical head attached to the coupling unit and to transmit the identification information to the external device, when one of the plurality of optical heads is attached to the coupling unit. Accordingly, information can be provided to a user by mounting a desired optical head as necessary to capture an image of the user's body and by analyzing the captured image.


In my report, I present a field survey to find different solutions for processing real time video. The programming interfaces mainly targeted are Matlab and Java. This report is meant to give guidance for those who wish to work with simpler forms of real time video processing. I will go through pure Matlab and Java solutions as well as show how different techniques can be mixed in order to produce further techniques for real time video processing. For full comprehension of the report it is recommended that the reader has basic knowledge in programming in Matlab and Java.


This paper describes the process used to integrate active learning, group formation, and classroom discussion in a college-level business intelligence class. To assess the impact of active learning and discussion on learning outcomes, we captured student performance on their final data challenge term project across increasingly collaborative and discussion-based sections. To stimulate reflective discussion and to promote cooperative and collaborative teamwork during in-class assignments, we established small groups based on an incoming business intelligence-related skills self-assessment. Our regression results indicate that a skills-based group formation approach enabled an enhanced level of in-class assignment completion and promoted reflective discussion in the classroom. We also find that active learning and discussion increased appropriation of business intelligence concepts and analytical tools. The inherent nuances of business intelligence education, as well as the implications and strategies for improved classroom discussion in a technology class setting, are reviewed.


A modulation rate transfer function (MRTF) is a quantitative description of the ability of a system to follow the envelope of a stimulating waveform. In this study MRTFs were obtained using auditory‐evoked potentials in three species: false killer whale, Psuedorca; beluga, Delphinapterus; and bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops. MRTFs were obtained from nonsedated animals using two‐tone stimuli consisting of frequencies at f1 and f2. Frequency f1 was held constant and f2 was varied such that difference frequencies ( f2−f1=f2,1) ranged from 18 Hz to 5.2 kHz; in all cases f2≳f1. In the study f1's used were 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 4.0, and 10.0 kHz. Evoked responses were recorded differentially from the scalp surface using suction cup electrodes. Responses to 350 stimulus presentations were averaged to yield the final response. Averaged responses were Fourier transformed. The magnitude and phase of the Fourier component corresponding to f2,1 was the dependent variable. The magnitude of the response at f2,1 as a function of ...


If our section is to do useful work we must all try to speak the same language. In order to do so, we have to overcome obstacleswhich are both historical and theological. What do we mean by "worship" ? When we speak of "worship" are we speaking of the same reality in the caseof a Greek Orthodox, an American Protestant, an Italian Catholic, an African Pentecostal, a Mar-Thoma Indian? And when we speak of "secularism", is secularism the same everywhere? Is the present age really the age of secularism, and nothing else? Are we not forgetting the success of the Eastern religions in the West, of Islam in Africa, and of a vague pacifist religiosity in certain articles in so-called "secularized" society? Are we not forgetting also that certain ideologies, while professing an aggressive secularism, really possess a clearly religious character, asking their members to observe certain rites, offering them a dogmatic system of thought, and enabling them to live in the hope of a. new and better society? Have we really reached the age of secularism? On the contrary, are not these movements signs of a thirst for religion and for liturgy which we Christians have not succeededin assuaging? I should like now to make the problem more concrete by drawing your attention to one of the new and rernerkable facts about our Assembly: for 'the first time we have a massive and adequate Orthodox representation. Now, it is an undeniable fact that one of the most striking contrasts between Christianity in the West and in the East since mediaeval times is their respective attitudes towards prayer and the liturgy. During the first thousand years of the history of Christianity there were a tremendous variety of liturgical forms and ways of worship, but not the contrast which appeared later. During the years immediately after the second world war the Liturgical Movement had a strong influence on the Roman Catholic Church, especially in Germany and France, and also on large seotors of the Protestant Churches in Europe; if its influence had proved lasting, this contrast would to a large extent have disappeared. But this movement to "return to the sources" of the liturgy has nowbeensuperseded. Today the main concern is openness to the world. It finds expression in paragraph 14 of the draft for our section (Thesis 4): "The Churches, while wishing in their practices of worship to affirm the reality of God, have nevertheless often done this at


The connection between gut microbiota and obesity and obesityrelated cardiometabolic disorders is increasingly recognized. Most mechanistic evidence for this is derived from animal studies, whilst human evidence is merely based on associations in large cohorts. We showed that microbiota manipulation by antibiotics (7-day administration) reduced bacterial diversity, affected bile acid metabolism and reduced the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in prediabetic men, but had no effects on insulin sensitivity or metabolic health. Nevertheless, longer term or more frequent perturbation in microbiota composition may have more pronounced effects on metabolic health than short-term manipulation. In that context, dietary interventions play a key role in the modulation of gut microbial metabolism. Our recent findings, using an unique design to administer the microbial products Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) in the proximal and distal colon, show that only distal colonic SCFA administration in healthy volunteers, in the amount achieved by a high-fibre diet, has pronounced effects on lipolysis and fat oxidation and inflammatory profile. This indicates that dietary fibere interventions may have to target carbohydrate fermentation in the distal colon inhibiting thereby proteolytic fermentation to have the most pronounced effect on metabolic health. Additionally, it is increasingly clear that microbial as well as metabolic phenotype have to be taken into account when targeting the microbiota and its functionality. Due to a putative resistance of the microbiome–host metabolism axis to dietary intervention in prediabetic individuals, intervention with fibre mixtures may require longer periods of time to become effective. Additionally, in future studies, other factors that may shape the microbiota composition have to be taken into account like sex, age, the use of medication and the gut transit time. Within this context, dietary interventions with dietary fibres and other food compounds (polyphenols) and their ability to improve glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and metabolic health will be discussed.


In the case of Nverzhai watershed in Wulin mountain region,community structures of Machilus pingii secondary forestry were studied in the yellow soil slope region of middle subtropics,which included vertical layer structure,distribution patterns of dominant populations and DBH height structure of tree layer.It was found that the vertical layer structure was obviously divided into tree layer,shrub layer,herbaceous layer and cross-layer plants.In different layers the species number was the biggest in the shrub layer followed by the herbaceous layer and the tree layer.There were 7 plant populations(IV10) in different layers with distribution patterns aggregated distribution predominantly,which the percentage of all main populations was 71.43.β and Γ distributions were fitted for simulating DBH and height structures.Forest qualities were worse because DBH in middle or small ranks and lower trees were dominant showed by distribution curves of DBH and height ranks.Aggregated distribution was effective for promoting the process of vegetation restoration in yellow soil slope region,however,some measures should be taken to improving community structures to play full role in its ecological functions,such as controlling water and soil loss in the slope region.


Pin1 contains two functional domains, an N‐terminal WW domain and a C‐terminal PPIase domain. We defined a critical role of Pin1 on neuronal rescue through Pin1 inhibitor treatment after ischemic brain injury (MCAo). Juglone (Jug, 1 mg/kg), Pin1 inhibitor, was administered once a day for 7 days after MCAo. Analysis in histology, protein, and gene were used to determine neural cell death and survival pathway at day 7. MCAo+Jug group lead to significant downregulation of Bcl‐2 and Bax expression compared with MCAo+Veh group (p <.01). MCAo+Jug group was shown to reduce the levels of Pin1, Tau5, and phspho‐TauThr231 in both immunoblotting and immunostaining (p<.01). On the other hands, mature‐BDNF was significantly augmented in MCAo+Jug compared to MCAo+Veh (p<.01). These results suggest that Pin1 isomerase is not only acts to accelerate an intrinsic apoptotic pathway but also interrupt to turn on the cell survival machinery after MCAo. Finally, Pin1 inhibition might alleviate the acceleration of apoptotic cell death that switch on the neuronal cell rescue signal after focal cerebral ischemic in rats.


An analysis was made of Lithium/carbon fluoride cell parts for possible chloride contamination induced by exposure to thionyl chloride (SOCl2); various samples were submitted for analysis. Only a portion of the analysis which has been conducted is covered, herein, namely analysis by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS). A strip of nickel was exposed to SOCl2 vapors to observe variations in surface concentrations of sulfur and chlorine with time. By detecting chlorine one can not infer contamination by SOCl2 only that contamination is present. Six samples of stainless steel foil were analyzed for chlorine using EDS. Chlorine was not detected on background samples but was detected on the samples which had been handled including those which had been cleaned. Cell covers suspected of being contaminated while in storage and covers which were not exposed to the same storage conditions were analyzed for chlorine. Although no chlorine was found on the covers from cells, it was found on all stored covers. Results are presented with techniques shown for analysis and identification. Relevant photomicrographs are presented.


for Chemical and Environmental Physics,45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821ABSTRACTBiogenic emissions from and dry deposition to terrestrial surfaces areimportant processes determining the trace gas composition of the atmosphere. Wehave developed an instrument for flux measurements of gases such as CH4, N20, and03 based on the eddy correlation technique which combines trace gas fluctuationmeasurements with simultaneous windfield measurements. The instrument combines atunable diode laser infrared light source with an open-path multipass absorptioncell in order to provide the fast time response ("O.ls) and short basepathlength (0.6m) required for the eddy correlation method. Initial field testsusing the instrument to measure methane emissions from a local wetland demonstratethe capability for high precision eddy correlation flux measurements.


Commonly used, lumped-parameter expressions for the impedance of an incompressible viscous fluid subjected to harmonic oscillations in a channel were compared with exact expressions, based on solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations for slots and channels of circular and rectangular cross-section, and were found to differ by as much as 30% in amplitude. These differences resulted in predicted discrepancies by as much as 400% in frequency response amplitude for simple second-order systems based on size scales and frequencies encountered in microfluidic devices. These predictions were verified experimentally for rectangular microchannels and indicate that underdamped fluidic systems operating near the corner frequency of any included flow channel should be modeled with exact expressions for impedance to avoid potentially large errors in predicted behavior.


T essay attempts a provocative overview of Nietzsche's relationship with Hinduism and India.1 It is a reading that finds Nietzsche off balance and at a disadvantage, for its starting point is the fact that Nietzsche read the Laws of Manu [Manavadharmasastra]2—the one Indian text that really excited him— in a popular edition whose absurd annotation of the text gained Nietzsche's credence. I refer to Louis Jacolliot's French translation.3 Manu was a relatively well-known text in nineteenth-century Europe and Jacolliot was a popular and indeed notorious writer. Nietzsche's choice of version shows, I suggest, ignorance of both scholarly and popular writing on India. I shall also consider Nietzsche's relationship with other key Hindu texts and his other references to Hinduism and India. In line with the starting point of Jacolliot, my discussion continues mainly in the context of French writers contemporary with Nietzsche, particularly Ernest Renan, the hugely successful author of Vie de Jésus and Professor of Semitic Languages at the Collège de France, in some respects a triumphant alter ego of Nietzsche, being both philologist and wide-ranging thinker, though today their relative importance is reversed. I conclude with brief assessments of the eternal return and the Übermensch in relation to Hinduism, and with a look at Nietzsche's own India, as distinct from his Hinduism.


Missionary grammars written in Portuguese were shaped as practical tools for language teaching and after the end of mission period were swiftly forgotten. Most of this vast production is lost. Some grammars remained in libraries as a precious heritage, others were brought to Europe and a few were printed. Once rediscovered, they were considered partial descriptions or excessively contaminated by Latin grammar.


The authors examine radioactive materials used in industrial equipment with reference to their half-lives and emission types. The possible causes and circumstances that transform radioactive materials into radioactive wastes are considered. The authors discuss classification, storage, and disposal of radioactive wastes and outline an Italian regulation that classifies radioactive sources.


With arc furnace electrode regulator system as the research object, the algorithm of real time estimation using parameter identification method is suggested in this paper. And further, the pole assignment adaptive control algorithm is adopted to improve the regulator system of the conventional PID control system of arc furnace. The simulation results show that the adaptive control system is superior to the conventional PID either in dynamics or in resisting the disturbance arc length. The result will also provide the theoretical basis for developing new adaptive electrode regulator system of arc furnace.


Plasmoid-mediated fast magnetic reconnection plays a fundamental role in driving explosive dynamics and heating, but relatively little is known about how it develops in partially ionized plasmas (PIP) of the solar chromosphere. Partial ionization might largely alter the dynamics of the coalescence instability, which promotes fast reconnection and forms a turbulent reconnecting current sheet through plasmoid interaction, but it is still unclear to what extent PIP effects influence this process. We investigate the role of collisional ionization and recombination in the development of plasmoid coalescence in PIP through 2.5D simulations of a two-fluid model. The aim is to understand whether these two-fluid coupling processes play a role in accelerating reconnection. We find that, in general, the ionization–recombination process slows down the coalescence. Unlike the previous models in Murtas et al. [Phys. Plasmas 28, 032901 (2021)] that included thermal collisions only, ionization and recombination stabilize current sheets and suppress non-linear dynamics, with turbulent reconnection occurring in limited cases: bursts of ionization lead to the formation of thicker current sheets, even when radiative losses are included to cool the system. Therefore, the coalescence timescale is very sensitive to ionization–recombination processes. However, reconnection in PIP is still faster than in a fully ionized plasma environment having the same bulk density: the PIP reconnection rate ([Formula: see text]) increases by a factor of [Formula: see text] with respect to the MHD reconnection rate ([Formula: see text]).


This study was performed out at net house, privet farm, Cairo-Alexandria desert road, 80 Km, to present the positive role of using different types of organic mulch; different LEDS (light-emitting diodes) light colors and their combination on lettuce plants as growth and yield. Three types of organic mulch i.e., (mushroom wastes, compost and palm fibers) compared to bare soil and four LEDs light colors i.e., (white, yellow, green and "red + blue + green") plus natural light. Seedlings of lettuce cv. Iceberg were transplanting at 1st November through 2019 and 2020seasons. The study was conducted in a split plot design with three replications. Results obtained that using different types of organic mulch, different LEDs light colors and their combination had a significant overall tested parameters (plant length, number of leaves/head, fresh and dry weights of leaves, leaves contents from N, P and K and total heads yield/m2). In general, cultivated lettuce plants with using different types organic mulch and different LEDs light colors enhanced all tested parameters compared to bare soil or/and natural light. The most positive role of tested factors was noticed with using compost mulch, LEDs "R + B+ G" colors and their combination as compost mulch plus LEDs "R + B+ G colors", which, had greatest values of all tested parameters more than other treatments.


Background Recent studies have demonstrated a continuum in clinical risk related to mean pulmonary artery pressure that begins at >19 mm Hg, which is below the traditional threshold used to define pulmonary hypertension (PH) of 25 mm Hg. Because of the implications on patient diagnosis and prognosis, the generalizability and validity of these data need further confirmation. Methods and Results Databases were searched from inception through January 31, 2018, to identify studies comparing all‐cause mortality between patients with mildly elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure near but <25 mm Hg versus the referent group. The meta‐analysis included 15 nonrandomized studies and 16 482 patients (7451 [45.2%] with measured or calculated mean pulmonary artery pressure of 19–24 mm Hg by right heart catheterization [n=6037] and echocardiography [n=1414] [mild PH]). The mean duration of follow‐up was 5.2 years. Compared with the referent group, mild PH was associated with an increased risk of mortality (risk ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.32–1.74; P<0.001; I2=47%). Secondary analysis using risk‐adjusted time‐to‐event estimates showed a similar result (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.31; P<0.001; I2=42%). The findings were consistent between subgroups of right heart catheterization and echocardiography studies (P interaction>0.05). There was evidence of publication bias; however, this did not influence the risk estimate (Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill adjusted risk ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.15–1.56). Conclusions The risk of mortality is increased in patients with mild PH, defined as measured or calculated mean pulmonary artery pressure >19 mm Hg. These data emphasize a need for diagnosing patients with mild PH with consideration to enrollment in PH clinical studies investigating pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions to attenuate clinical risk and improve outcomes.


With the current economic downturn and needed adjustments by most sectors of the economy, the subject of change has become a significant topic within organizations. From restructuring to reengineering, layoffs to hiring freezes, leaders are called upon to lead in a way that will enhance the success of their organizations despite overpowering obstacles. This article defines change and submits practical and realistic leadership qualities and strategies leaders can adopt in today's organizations during a change process.


This research aims to discuss and analyze how teachers and school leadership roles in implementing character values of environmental care in teaching geography to learners in SMA Negeri 1 Kinali. This study used a qualitative approach that aimed to describe the systematic, factual, and accurate information on the phenomenon in detail. Selection of the subject of research was conducted by the method of purposive sampling, where the School leaders, teachers, and learners with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation based on the validity of the data with triangulation techniques and perseverance observation. In analyzing the data, the researcher used stages: data reduction, data presentation, and inference.
The results of the study are as follows: 1) The school environment plays an important role in shaping the behavior of learners, 2) How teachers implement the character values in shaping the attitude of the environment care which was done by: (a) Integrating into the planning and implementation of learning geography through the preparation of syllabus, RPP and material by incorporating the values of characters in accordance with the demands of SK and KD, (b) organizing a routine activity held by the school, 3) the role of school leaders in the formation of the character values of learners with: (a) Development of school curriculum through the regulatory policies of the school and extra-curricular activities so as to establish the values of the expected character. (b) Development exemplary school leaders and teachers in motivating learners and cultural activities of the school, 4) How learners implement the values of character care about the environment through self-development program in schools and school activities related to the character values of environmental care, 5) Barriers to implement the characters values in SMA 1 Kinali due to school rules are not optimally running, so that the students' participation is still low in preserving the environment, lack of awareness of students to care about the environment both at school and at home, and yet optimal work together with the parents of students in the formation of character values for caring environment on the learner.


The invention provides an assembly (10) having an outer band (12) which delimits a concave cylindrical bearing shrink and shrink an inner shaft (14) defining a complementary bearing hoop, characterized in that the concave bearing hooping comprises a first section (TCF1) and a second section (TCF2) whose internal diameter D2 is smaller than the inner diameter D1 of the first section (TCF1) and the convex mounting hoop comprises a first section (TCM1) which is fitted into the first concave portion (TCF1) and a second convex portion (TCM2) which is fitted into the second concave portion (TCF2).


Differential evolution (DE) is one of the most successful evolutionary algorithms (EAs) for global numerical optimization. Like other EAs, maintaining population diversity is important for DE to escape from local optima and locate a near-global optimum. Using a multi-population algorithm is a representative method to avoid early loss of population diversity. In this paper, we propose a multi-population DE algorithm (MPDE) which manipulates multiple sub-populations. Different sub-populations in MPDE exchange information via a novel mutation operation instead of migration used in most multi-population EAs. The mutation operation is helpful to balance the fast convergence and population diversity of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, the performance of MPDE is further improved by an adaptive parameter control scheme designed based on the multi-population approach. Each sub-population in MPDE evolves with its own set of control parameters, and a learning strategy is used to adaptively adjust the parameter values. A set of benchmark functions is used to test the proposed MPDE algorithm. The experimental results show that MPDE performs better than, or at least comparably, to the classical single population DE with fixed parameter values and three existing state-of-the-art DE variants.


The non-uniformity of mass flow rate of nozzles in a pulse bag filter is an important factor which influences service life of bags.By using CFD software-FLUENT,the gas flow field in injection pipe was simulated.The mass flow rate and velocity distribution of each nozzle were presented.The major cause of mass flow rate nonuniformity was analyzed.It indicated that total section area of nozzles is too large to cause mass flow rate nonuniformity.Then improvements were suggested to meet requirement.


4C+37.11, at z = 0.055, shows two compact radio nuclei, imaged by very long baseline interferometry at 7 mas separation, making it the closest known resolved supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB). An important question is whether this unique object is young and was caught on the way to a gravitational in-spiral and merger, or has "stalled" at 7 pc. We describe new radio/optical/X-ray observations of the massive host and its surrounding X-ray halo. These data reveal X-ray/optical channels following the radio outflow and large scale edges in the X-ray halo. These structures are promising targets for further study which should elucidate their relationship to the unique SMBHB core.