In 2019, all Justices on the U.S. Supreme Court agreed in Timbs v. Indiana that the Constitution's prohibition on excessive fines applied to the states. The Court's opinion discussed the Excessive Fines Clause's "venerable lineage" and termed its protections "fundamental." Justice Thomas, concurring, wrote that the English prohibition against excessive fines aimed to insulate citizens from what historians called "ruinous fines."

This Essay puts Timbs into the context of the Court's search for metrics to assess the legitimacy of governments' choices about punishment. In and after the 1960s, as convicted and incarcerated people asserted that constitutional law constrained sovereign powers, the Court repeatedly encountered challenges to punishment. I bring together lines of cases that have sat in doctrinal silos to show the links between the concerns animating judicial limits on sentencing and judicial recognition of incarcerated people's rights to safety, sanitation, food, medical care, access to courts, and religious observance. I argue that this body of law, produced through convicted individuals' insistence that they were entitled to constitutional protection, should be read to constitute a nascent an-ti-ruination principle that all branches of government need to implement.


Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the use and management of hazardous chemical substances (HCS) at a chemistry department in a selected Higher Education Institution in Gauteng province. Method: A quantitative, baseline descriptive study was conducted using a structured survey checklist. The population consisted of the chemistry department. Other than purposive observation by the researcher, employees present during data collection were approached for further clarifying comment to survey questions. Results: It emerged that physical-, healthand environmental hazard classes of HCS were present; and that hazard types included flammable liquids, HCS with acute toxicity and carcinogenicity. Selected exposure control measures were lacking which created risks of fire and explosion. Conclusion: The study reflected the use and management of HCS, the actual and potential human exposure and the exposure control measures. Varying degrees of compliance were found, which, if attended to, should mitigate risks to health and safety. Key terms Hazardous chemical substances; chemistry department; laboratory; hazard; risk; survey; higher education institution.


SUMMARY UDP-glucose:o-fructose Z-glucosyltransferase (EC 220.127.116.11), commonly called sucrose synthetase, has been purified from etiolated Phaseolus aureus seedlings to homogeneity by electrophoretic, immunological, and ultracentrifu-gal criteria. Molecular weight determinations by low speed equilibrium centrifugation yields a value of 375,000 f 12,000. A value of 405,000 f 20,000 was obtained by gel filtration. Other physical determinations for the enzyme yielded the following data: Subunit analyses indicate that the enzyme is a tetramer composed of identical protein subunits of approximate molecular weight An equilibrium constant for the sucrose synthetase reaction and 25" in the direction of diphosphate glucose synthesis was experimentally determined. The kinetic parameters of the in the proposed physiological direction, that of nucleoside diphosphate glucose synthesis,


The distributed hydrology soil vegetation model (DHSVM) is applied in the 107 km2 Nam Mae Rim watershed (NMRW) in northern Thailand. Simulations using land cover scenarios for 1989 and 2002, extreme deforestation, and forest, each run with and without roads, show that roads have very small effects on the mean water fluxes, but significantly increase peak flows for all land cover scenarios. The magnitude of the road effect on peak flow depends on the land cover context in which the roads are placed. Roads have the smallest effect on peaks within the extreme deforestation scenario, and affect mainly the smallest peaks in the two homogeneous land cover scenarios (forest and extreme deforestation). Roads have the largest effect on peaks within the heterogeneous landscapes of the two historical land cover scenarios (1989 and 2002). This result indicates that, by conveying surface flow quickly to the stream, roads within a fragmented landscape are especially important in converting greater amounts of overland flow into higher peak flows. Without roads, the patchy land cover pattern buffers the impacts of the scattered overland flow source areas and limits increases in peak flows.


Biological research is necessary; not only to further our understanding of the processes of life, but also to combat disease, hunger and environmental damage.
Bioinformatics is the science of handl ...


Preparing for High Impact Change: Experiential Learning and Practice provides an overview of change processes for teaching, facilitating, and coping with change. Tested highimpact exercises in the book will prepare change leaders at all organizational levels to deal with the myriad of challenges inherent in the process of organizational change. is book is a resource for consultants, educators, students and practitioners in corporate training and development roles.


The AHR,2 a ligand-activated transcription factor, was first identified indirectly in the 1970s; the mouse and human genes were cloned in the early 1990s. Molecular mechanisms and biological consequences of AHR-mediated regulation of mammalian cytochrome P450 enzymes by foreign chemicals (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dioxins) have been studied extensively. Binding of such ligands to AHR leads to transcriptional activation of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1; in turn, these enzymes catalyze oxidative detoxication or activation of most ligands. From the start, AHR endogenous ligands and functions were postulated; although this was initially controversial, the robust phenotype of Ahr–/– knock-out mice provided clear evidence of physiological roles (and endogenous ligands) for AHR. AHR has numerous important endogenous functions: during conception and embryonic and fetal development; in the immune, cardiovascular, neural, and reproductive systems; and in hepatocytes, skin cells, and adipocytes. These myriad AHR-mediated processes mirror the vast universe of action of the eicosanoids, lipid mediators known to undergo cytochrome P450-dependent oxidation. We propose that many endogenous and exogenous cellular stimuli lead to (i) AHR-dependent CYP1-dependent eicosanoid synthesis and degradation and (ii) AHR-dependent CYP1-independent (eicosanoid-dependent and -independent) responses. These two pathways can be delineated from one another in genetic models: the former is absent in the recently characterized Cyp1a1/1a2/1b1–/– triple-knock-out mouse, and the latter is absent in the Ahr–/– knock-out mouse. Identification of specific eicosanoids whose synthesis or degradation is carried out by each CYP1 enzyme should allow for identification of physiological endogenous AHR ligands. (For "History and Background," see supplemental material (Box 1).)


It is complex and tortuous related to the spiritual life and inner world of young Wang Yangming,who had gone through the course of exploring the idea of "researching on various ideas","researching and reflecting on Buddhism and Taoism",and "five indulgences and three different changes". In fact,his exploration of a variety of ideas was reflected in the process of pursuing "to become a sage" since his early years. This complex experience not only constituted an important and prominent features of thinking in his early stage of development tbut also had a major impact on the mature formation of his thinking pattern. This provides us with an abundance of enlightenments in understanding the mystery of Wang Yangming's Mind.


PurposeIn this paper, we give some properties of the α-connections on statistical manifolds and we study the α-conformal equivalence where we develop an expression of curvature R¯ for ∇¯ in relation to those for ∇ and ∇^.Design/methodology/approachIn the first section of this paper, we prove some results about the α-connections of a statistical manifold where we give some properties of the difference tensor K and we determine a relation between the curvature tensors; this relation is a generalization of the results obtained in [1]. In the second section, we introduce the notion of α-conformal equivalence of statistical manifolds treated in [1, 3], and we construct some examples.FindingsWe give some properties of the difference tensor K and we determine a relation between the curvature tensors; this relation is a generalization of the results obtained in [1]. In the second section, we introduce the notion of α-conformal equivalence of statistical manifolds, we give the relations between curvature tensors and we construct some examples.Originality/valueWe give some properties of the difference tensor K and we determine a relation between the curvature tensors; this relation is a generalization of the results obtained in [1]. In the second section, we introduce the notion of α-conformal equivalence of statistical manifolds, we give the relations between curvature tensors and we construct some examples.


It describes polyorganosiloxanes which contain at least one unit is present in at least 1 quaternized nitrogen atom. Moreover, the polysiloxanes contain at least one further nitrogen-containing radical. A DOLLAR The polyorganosiloxanes can be converted into stable aqueous solutions or dispersions which are highly suitable for finishing textile fiber materials and impart internal softness.


Polyelectrolyte solution dynamics have been carefully studied experimentally and theoretically for unentangled solutions and thought to be reasonably well understood. While theoretical models have ...


The regional climate model, RegCM3, is used to simulate the 2004 summer surface air temperature (SAT) and precipitation at different horizontal (i.e., 30, 60, and 90 km) and vertical resolutions (i.e., 14, 18, and 23 layers). Results showed that increasing resolution evidently changes simulated SATs with regional characteristics. For example, simulated SATs are apparently better produced when horizontal resolution increases from 60 to 30 km under the 23 layers. Meanwhile, the SATs over the entire area are more sensitive to vertical resolution than horizontal resolution. The subareas present higher sensitivities than the total area, with larger horizontal resolution effects than those of vertical resolution. For precipitation, increasing resolution shows higher impact compared to SAT, with higher sensitivity induced by vertical resolution than by horizontal resolution, especially in rainy South China. The best SAT/precipitation can be produced only when the horizontal and vertical resolutions are reasonably configured. This indicates that different resolutions lead to different atmospheric thermodynamic states. Because of the dry climate and low soil heat capacity in Northern China, resolution changes easily modify surface energy fluxes, hence the SAT; due to the rainy and humid climate in South China, resolution changes likely strongly influence grid-scale structure of clouds and therefore precipitation.


Pharmacogenetics is a newly emerging research area confronted with obvious scientific and ethical concerns not only from an academic and social perspective, but also on a regulatory level. An overview of ongoing and planned pharmacogenetic studies is needed to evaluate the current status and focus of research and to appraise the alignment of research themes relative to the unmet medical needs of the paediatric population. The objective of this review was to explore the current status, limitations and perspectives of pharmacogenomic and pharmacogenetic clinical research in the paediatric population from an academic, regulatory and industrial perspective. Results show a rather equal distribution of activities across the different research categories throughout the world. More than 50% of the research activities are related to exploratory studies aimed at establishing the connection between a given genetic trait and the risk associated with a pathology or disease. Based on this situation, we advocate for more translational and conformational studies. Moreover, there is a strong need to give appropriate attention to the methodological requirements for clinical research, which lack the scientific and statistical rigour and make study findings unsuitable for clinical purposes and often impossible to interpret. © 2009 Network of Centres for Study of Pharmaceutical Law.


Root ofPlumbago indica Linn is used in ayurveda and siddha medicine for the treatment of colic inflammations bronchitis, helminthiasis, hemorrhoids, elephantiasis, hepatosplenomegaly, amenorrhea, odontalgia, piles, and diabetes. The present study aims to investigate the anatomical characters of thin and thick root and to confirm the physicochemical characters of the root. Anatomical studies and physiochemical evaluation of root were performed based on the customary protocols mentioned in WHO guidelines and Indian ayurvedic pharmacopoeia. Anatomical studies of root tissues were done as photographs with different magnifications by using Nikon lab photo 2 microscopic Unit. The elemental analysis was done by using perkin elmer 5000 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. We compared the anatomy of thin root to thick root; the periderm of the thin root was 70-80 µm thick, whereas in thick root the periderm was measured about 100 µm thick. In powder microscopy, two kinds of fibers were found; Wide fibers were 300-500 µm long and 30 µm wide, Narrow fibers were 340 µm long and 15 µm wide. Vessel elements are estimated about 140 µm long.  Physio-chemical parameters such as total and acid-insoluble ash (8.33% w/w, 1.55% w/w, respectively), extractive values (aqueous 11.21% w/w and alcoholic 5.30% w/w) were performed. The study provides the quantitative data that was given assurance to identify and differentiate this species correctly for the purpose of traditional medicinal use.


A series of Mannich products bearing quinoline nucleus was synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The results showed that compounds 4b, and 4d found most active with percentage inhibition of 95, and 96, respectively, at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of >6.25 μg/mL, among the synthesized compounds. Whereas, compounds 4a, 4c, 4e, and 4f exhibited considerable antitubercular activity with percentage inhibition of 71, 79, 55, and 68, respectively, at MIC of >6.25 μg/mL. The structures of synthesized compounds were elucidated by various spectroscopic tools like IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass and elemental analysis.


The combination of both reduced resting diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and ventilatory efficiency (increased ventilatory requirement for CO2 clearance [V˙E/V˙CO2]) has been linked to exertional dyspnoea and exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The current study examined if low resting DLCO and higher exercise ventilatory requirements were associated with earlier critical dynamic mechanical constraints, dyspnoea and exercise limitation in patients with mild COPD.


According to the different forming mechanisms,the stratospheric Quasi-Zero Wind Layers(QZWL) are classified into two categories.The first kind of QZWL is due to the transition between two phases of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation(QBO),and the second kind of QZWL is caused by the reversal of meridional temperature gradient in lower stratosphere.Then based on the ERA-40 reanalysis data,the three-dimension structures of the two kinds of QZWL in different seasons are analyzed,further the influence of QBO on them are studied.The results show that the first kind of QZWL can be found at tropical zone in winter,whereas the second kind exists at extratropical areas in summer and over the Pacific Ocean in middle and lower latitude(20°N-40°N) in winter.The height of QZWL in summer is lower and more stable than that in winter.The barometric heights of it in summer are settled from 70 hPa to 50 hPa.Because of the direct effect of QBO,the first kind of QZWL has an obviously interannual variation.The influence of QBO on the second kind of QZWL is that the frequency of QZWL occurring within 20°N-40°N in winter in the westerly phase of QBO is more than in the easterly phase of QBO.


Summary: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a frequent disorder in in- and outpatient settings. However, empirical studies suggest that BPD lacks construct validity in adolescents. Problems with validity may be linked to the fact that borderline symptoms can occur in the course of normal adolescence. This study examined the factor structure of borderline symptomatology in a community-based sample of 616 adolescents (mean age = 16.9±1.5). Borderline symptomatology was assessed by the Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI), a self-report instrument for which reliability and validity have been demonstrated. An exploratory factorial analysis, which was performed on the first half of the sample, extracted six factors. They were the dissociative/psychotic symptoms factor, the substance use factor, the interpersonal instability factor, the affectivity/identity disturbances factor, the narcissistic features factor, and the impulsivity factor. This six- factor model was tested using a confirmatory factorial ...


The dollar amount of new securities legally cleared for sale in the State of California now approaches one billion dollars per month, and every month the Division of Corporations issues in excess of 1,800 permits to sell securities in the State.1 The "Corporate Securities Law" which regulates the issuance and sale of securities in California was enacted in 1917 and since then has been amended nearly every year in an effort to keep pace with the transition of a primarily agricultural community into a major commercial and financial state. In 1948 and 1949 the Los Angeles and San Francisco Bar Associations and some of the law professors cooperated and worked out a series of amendments to the Corporate Securities Law to make it more workable and realistic. These amendments were introduced at the 1949 session of the Legislature but were defeated by the opposition of the then Corporations Commissioner who did not want the act touched in any respect.2 This deadening psychology appeared to be permanently entrenched until the Uniform Securities Act in 1956 excited the imagination of California lawyers. In that year the Corporations Committee of the Los Angeles Bar Association started a three year study of the Uniform Act and in 1958 the Corporations Committee of The State Bar of California commenced its study. During the first four months of 1959 negotiations were carried on between the Commissioner of Corporations, members of the bar and representatives of the securities industry. As a result Assembly Bill No. AB 2531 was introduced on April 17, 1959 at the Regular Session of the Legislature and was considered at one hearing of the Assembly Judiciary Committee Civil.


The function time and performance pattern of various types of detectors (e.g. ionization smoke detector, rate-of-rise detector, heat detector, gas detector etc.) was pursued individually in full scale corridor and compartment vs. the flow of fire-products evolved from the miscellaneous fire source (i.e. paper, wool, wood and their mixture including some amount of plastics). Each detector worked correctly when the stratification of the fire-products flow was developed. Breaking point was obtained in the output-time curve of each detector corresponding to the time of the successive and itinerant stratification of the flow through the corridor and in the compartment, respectively. These points defined as each detector's correct function-time and were exactly corresponded with the breaking points in the burning rate-time curves of miscellaneous fire source on reduced time base using time parameter.


Objective To understand prevalence of community health service manpower in Jinan city and to supply basis of rationally disposing human resources.Methods The human resources of community health service was investigated in all of the 211 CHS agencies in Jinan with questionnaire from November 2009 to January 2010 by uniformly trained investigators.Results The ratio of physicians to nurses was 1:0.88,and clinicians to public health physicians was 13.38:1.42.24% of the clinicians had taken part in the training of general practice and 0.50% of them had passed the qualifying examination.Conclusion The structure of human resources was not very reasonable for lacking Nurses and public health physicians.The training of general practice should be enforced.We suggest to enhancing construction of staff in community and promoting development of community health services.


While clinical applications of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) have expanded, current CBCT technology has limitations due to the streak artifacts caused by metallic objects. The aim of this work was to develop an efficient and accurate metal data interpolation in sinogram domain to achieve artifact suppression and to improve CT image quality. In this study, we propose three interpolation methods for the metal projection data. Metal objects are segmented in raw data and replacement of the segmented regions by new values is done using three interpolation schemes, (1) replacing the raw data by the simple threshold value (thresholding method), (2) reducing the raw data to half of the value which is over threshold value (modification method), (3) using the inpainting interpolation (inpainting method). Our references are the CBCT images of the phantoms without the metal implants. The performance was evaluated by comparing the differences of root mean square error (RMSE) before and after metal artifact reduction (MAR). All the metal artifacts were reduced effectively. Metal artifacts reduction using method (1) performs the best, which improve the differences of RMSE more than 60%. This study indicates that metal artifacts can be reduced effectively by manipulating metal projection data.


The central theme of the book "Observing Photons in Space" is the detection and characterization of photons with instruments aboard spacecraft. This chapter presents a global overview of the fundamental processes that accompany photons all the way from their origin in the source region to their detection in our instruments. The radiation of the Sun is taken as example in some cases and is treated in more detail.


sober one, if not very novel, but the conclusions are too stiffly drawn. Though approaching from a different angle, Mr. Cochrane gets the same result as did Bury, that the survival values of the qualities of men and states are all that interested Thucydides; for ' scientific history must inevitably be utilitarian, in the sense that it limits itself to the observation of those facts which are demonstrably "useful" to the individual and to the race'; and since Thucydides is a scientific historian, he must so limit himself: a priori reasoning, which leads to a conclusion that is, to me, irreconcilable with the general tone of the History and in particular with such passages as that on the results of stasis in Greece. But there is no reason why scientific history should be thus limited. According to Mr. Cochrane 'Aristotle, in the famous sentence in which he says that " the state comes into existence to satisfy the bare needs of life, and continues for the sake of the good life," begins as a scientist, but ends as a philosopher.' But in both the first and the second part of the sentence Aristotle is stating a conclusion drawn from his observation of facts, is therefore scientific (whether his conclusion be true or false) ; and it is as much the historian's business to note the development or the breakdown of the ' good life' in a state, even though the state survive, as that of the state itself. Again, a belief, like Herodotus', that it is possible that the gods sometimes interfere in human affairs, does not, of itself, preclude scientific method; if Herodotus' belief (however false) was the result of a careful examination of facts known to him, it was scientific. Mr. Cochrane throughout narrows the meaning of the word to that which it bears in positive science ; but there are also scientific and unscientific approaches to the problems of philosophy. A. W. GOMME.


Abstract : The report describes the addition of secondary shock capability to the GASL 3-D characteristic solution, and several other modifications. Among the important additional modifications is the addition of new nose solutions which provide initial data for the 3-D characteristics program. One is an improved blunt body solution for a sphere and the other is a cone at angle of attack solution. (Author)


This article makes a profound analysis and elaboration of ways of implementing service-oriented vocational education system. Based on the status quo of Ningbo's regional economic development, the article demonstrates the necessity of establishing service-oriented vocational education system and puts forward some implementing ways: reforming the model of cultivating talents; strengthening the integration of production, learning and research; and establishing the system of education training. Some concrete implementing methods are also suggested.


To resolve the problems that chicken feather fibers were large number of abandoned,light and difficult to wash,the methods of washing chicken feather fibers using chemical method and biological method were researched.The optimum process conditions were determined by the orthogonal experiments.The optimum process conditions of chemical method were ethanol 5 mL/L,pH value 4.0-6.0,the washing temperature 50 ℃,the washing time 20 min,dosage of feather special detergent 5%(owf) and liquor ratio 1∶30.The best process conditions of biological method were as follows: the hydrogen peroxide solution 50 mL/L,pH value 4.0-6.0,the washing temperature 50℃,the washing time 10min,the dosage of acid protease 3%(owf)and liquor ratio 1∶30.Under these conditions,chicken feather fibers were washed by chemical method and biological method,the effect of washed chicken feather fibers were compared with that of not washed.The result showed that the differences were very great in the whiteness,the grease content and the bacterial content of washed chicken feather fibers.The conclusion was that the effect of washed chicken feather fibers by biological method was superior to that of washed chicken feather fibers by chemical method.The whiteness was 70.3%,the grease content was 0.82% and the bacterial content was 2.6×103cfu/g by biological method.


There is No RoadThe Road to SerfdomThe CircuitRoberto FultonThe Last CryptAsi se dice! Level 3, Student EditionGreater Than YourselfWhite TeethCambridge Checkpoint Mathematics Coursebook 9General Alonso de León's Expeditions into Texas, 1686-1690Roberto down the right pathSpace InvadersAdditions in the DarkPanamá, letras de hoyCaptains of the SandsSimon Called PeterSAP Master Data GovernanceSpanish Short Stories for BeginnersVeinte Años despuésAn Illustrated Book of Bad ArgumentsThe Motorcycle DiariesThe Lightning of AugustBilingual Grammar of English-Spanish SyntaxRomances of Chivalry in the Spanish Golden AgeFor Whom the Bell TollsCambridge Checkpoint Science Workbook 9Roberto Por El Buen CaminoThe Absent CityThe Big Red Book of Spanish GrammarExploración del río Mexcala practicada por el ingeniero civil Roberto B. GorsuchNo hay tratoSearching for the Right TrackThe Stranger on the Road to EmmausMemoria de mis memoriasManos a la obra y otras tenacidades y desmesurasSpanish DeMYSTiFieD, Second EditionHappy Holidays--Animated!Roberto por el buen caminoThe Little Golden KeyBuscando el buen Camino


The emergence of the ultra-wide band gap semiconductor, whose band gaps considerably wider than 3.4 eV (GaN), opens a new era in many fields because of their many superior property. The major material of the UWBG semiconductor is high Al-content AlGaN and the studies find these material have stunning strengths in ultra-high power and ratio-frequency electronics, deep-ultraviolet optoelectronics, quantum information and electronics for extreme-environment applications. In this article, by comparing GaN and ultra-wide band gap AlGaN, people can know the strengths of AlGaN, lacks of GaN and realize why AlGaN will replace GaN in some applications and why GaN will continually be used by people in some applications.


On the basis of semantic information extraction with ontology,this paper proposes a framework of semantic information extraction system based on personal information domain and extends semantic extraction from the WEB area to the personal information domain. Building four ontologies including webpage,Emails,local database and file system,the system implements data communication in personal information domain with semantic association among their ontologies. Then the process of semantic information extraction system is described in detail. With an example of Email domain,relevant semantic information extraction algorithms are designed.


The articles give an analysis of a fragment of the Sanskrit text from Kṣāntivādi-jātaka of the Jātakamālā (The Garland of Jātakas) by Āryaśūra housed at the Serindian Fund of the IOM, RAS (SI 2998/5). The article presents a paleographic review of the fragment, indicates the features of the proto-śāradā writing used in its text. A logical conclusion has been made that the examined fragment is part of a once single manuscript, divided into some pieces which are currently stored in various manuscript collections of the world, for example, at Berlin Ethnological Museum. Correspondences and differences between the Sanskrit version of the Jātaka and its Pāḷi version are being analyzed. It is noted that the idea of the aggregate of forms (matter) (rūpa-skandha) and information on the yogic technique of cutting off attachments are incorporated into the plot of the Kṣāntivādi-jātaka. These views are more clearly presented in the Pāḷi version of this text. The article contains a transliteration and translation of and commentary on the text of the fragment.


In order to exterminate a botnet, we have to trace a botnet and arrest its botmaster. In this paper, we make a model of communication pattern of a C&C server that sends/receives packets to/from the botmaster. Then we discuss how botmaster trace back can be achieved. We describe which communication patterns we should focus on to find the botmaster or upper C&C servers. Furthermore, we propose a framework for botmaster trace back. In this framework, owners of servers which become to C&C server will collaborate and share the communication patterns for trace back. To do this, we propose the information sharing using communication pattern monitoring tools with the servers.


Let (X, L) be a quasi-polarized pair, i.e. X is a normal complex projective variety and L is a nef and big line bundle on it. We study, up to birational equivalence, the positivity (nefness) of the adjoint bundles KX + rL for high rational numbers r. For this we run a Minimal Model Program with scaling relative to the divisor KX + rL. We give then some applications, namely the classification up to birational equivalence of quasi-polarized pairs with sectional genus 0, 1 and of embedded projective varieties X ⊂ ℙN with degree smaller than 2 codimℙN(X) + 2.


The concept of simple solutions is applied to a quaternary system of U(NO3)4, HNO3, N2H5NO3 and H2O in order to determine fictive binary data for U(NO3)4. Hydrazinium nitrate solutions were used at low concentrations relative to the nitric acid and uranium(IV) nitrate concentrations, allowing this system to be considered as a ternary (U(NO3)4, HNO3, H2O) system. The simple behavior of the system allowed fictive binary data (osmotic coefficient and density) to be calculated from water activity and density measurements. The results were then used to calculate the coefficients related to Pitzer´s model and to specific interaction theory, used to model the deviation of the concentrated solution from ideality. The results were also used to calculate the activity coefficient of uranium(IV) nitrate in the presence of uranyl(VI) nitrate and nitric acid. The binary data obtained for uranium(IV) nitrate were found to differ significantly from the data for plutonium(IV) nitrate.


A laboratory study for adsorption of potassium (K) determination was conducted on six soils located in Sharazur plain from the Kurdistan Region of Iraq in 2021 using the batch technique method. Potassium (K) adsorption isotherms were achieved by equilibrating 5.0 g of soil samples with eight grades of K (0 to 300 mg L-1) as KCl in 50 ml of 0.01M CaCl2 solution. To match the data of adsorption, Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin adsorption isotherms were used. The results show that the amount of adsorbed K ranged between (45.78 to 52.49) % added K. The Freundlich model fit the equilibrium K adsorption data better for the Serwan location of soil (silty loam), as demonstrated by a greater coefficient of determination (R2 =0.90). The value of heterogeneity factor 1/n for the Freundlich model ranged from (0.34 to 0.47) kg mg-1, which was less than one. The sorption processes for all of the studied soils were normal adsorption. The constant of the Langmuir isotherm (KL) aligned from (0.107 to o.425) L mg-1. Smaller KL values mean that more adsorbed K would be transformed to a non-exchangeable form, either through the creation of crystalline K or through ion occultation. The RL values indicate the type of isotherm, the values of RL> 1 that means the adsorption nature to be unfavorable. The Temkin equilibrium binding constant (AT) was high for all studied soils except the soils of Bestan Sur and Grdigo locations, the high value of AT indicates high binding energy. The Temkin constant (bT) ranged from (10.46 to 13.47) J mole-1 that was related to the nature of the adsorption energy, a positive value indicates that the adsorption process is exothermic.


In trying to secure some one to tell us about Soka Gakkai,^ we discovered that members of Soka Gakkai do not,as a matter of principle, talk about or give addresses concerning their faith. They are willing to preach or endeavor to convert, that is, shakubuktifi you in order to make you a follower of their laith, but they are not interested in merely talking about their faith. This is the condition on which the Reverend Takuya Kudo/' who is a member of Soka Gakkai and a priest of the Nichiren Sho Sect, has consented to be here today. I am sure that under these cir cumstances you will get a very clear idea of what Soka Gakkai stands for.


The invention relates to a wireless sensor network remote control system and method for a peony flower growth promoting greenhouse in winter; the wireless sensor network remote control system is simple in structure, flexible and convenient to configure and rapid and safe to use; the working efficiency is greatly improved and the peony flower growth promoting rate is greatly increased; peony blooms 1-2 months ahead of time; the number of buds are increased by above 50%; a large amount of flower culture time and a large quantity of energy resources are reduced; the labour intensity of florists is obviously reduced, and therefore, relevant management of the peony flower growth promoting greenhouse is easy and smooth; signal performances are upgraded and optimized; the maintenance and repair failure rates are reduced to minimum; the production cost is saved by above 20%; at least two-fold increase of the benefit is realized; and thus, requirements of clients and market diversification on the peonies in winter are satisfied. The wireless sensor network remote control system for the peony flower growth promoting greenhouse in winter is composed of a wireless remote control flower growth promoting central processing device, a real-time temperature and humidity light display unit, a temperature and humidity light management end, a flower growth promoting gateway device, flower growth promoting router equipment and wireless illumination intensity, wireless air and soil temperature and humidity detecting, adjusting and controlling devices.


AbstractIn order to make the regulations applicable to the carriage of radioactive materials by road easier to use, the following paper sums up and comments upon the relevant requirements. Domestic and international transport operations are described by means of examples, so as to convey the appropriate information.


Delta-sigma, or one-bit oversample-and-decimate, analog-to-digital converters offer the promise of highperformance A/D interfaces in MOS IC technologies lacking high-quality analog components. Although the technique is potentially more fabrication-tolerant than other A/D methods, the MOS circuitry imposes performance limits not predicted in basic delta-sigma theory. Advantages of switched-capacitor delta-sigma conversion are discussed, as well as analysis and simulation of the effects of thermal noise, capacitor nonlinearity and operational-amplifier imperfections.


One of the major problems in the geometric function theory is the coefficients bound for functional and partial sums. The important method, for this purpose, is the Hankel matrix. Our aim is to introduce a new method to determine the coefficients bound, based on the matrix theory. We utilize various kinds of matrices, such as Hilbert, Hurwitz and Turan. We illustrate new classes of analytic function in the unit disk, depending on the coefficients of a particular type of partial sums. This method shows the effectiveness of the new classes. Our results are applied to the well known classes such as starlike and convex. One can illustrate the same method on other classes.


Background: Until recently, patients with cancer associated thrombosis (CAT) were predominantly treated with low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) but trial data and updated guidelines suggest that direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) may represent feasible and convenient oral alternatives. However, most data supporting this relate to 6-12 months outcomes only and long-term data in this setting are scarce
 Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CAT treatment with DOAC in daily care.
 Patients and methods: From the multicentric Dresden NOAC Registry, long-term outcomes of a subgroup of CAT patients (active or recent cancer, defined as cancer therapy within 5 years prior to thrombosis) receiving CAT therapy with DOAC were evaluated, based on prospectively collected data and centrally adjudicated outcome events.
 Results: Of the 1667 VTE patients enrolled in the registry until 30th June 2019, 186 patients (11.2%) were identified to have CAT (mean age 67.3 years; 61.3% male). At enrolment, cancer was reported as active in 97 (52.2) cases and recent in 89 (47.8) cases. Solid malignancies were diagnosed in 163 (87.6%) cases were, the remaining 23 (12.4%) cases were hematologic malignancies; table 1; figure 1). Of the 97 cases with active malignancies, 43.3% had metastatic disease. CAT treatment consisted of rivaroxaban in 80 (43.0%) patients, 66 (35.5%) received edoxaban and 40 (21.5%) apixaban.
 During follow-up (mean 27.8 months, range 0.5 - 88.6), 14 patients experienced recurrent VTE events (7.5 %; incidence rate 3.5/100 pt. years) of which 4 occurred during DOAC treatment and 10 after discontinuation or during prolonged (>3d) DOAC interruption (figure 2a). During DOAC exposure (within 3 days of last intake), major bleeding occurred in 15 patients (8.1%; incidence rate 5.9/100 pt. years; figure 2b) and presented as gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in 7, intracranial bleeding in 3 and in other bleeding manifestations in 5 cases. For 34 patients with GI cancer, the incidence rate for major bleeding was 13.3/100 pt. years and all four major bleedings in this group presented as upper GI bleed.
 40 patients died during FU (21.5%; incidence rate 9.4/100 pt. years). Causes of death included terminal malignant disease (n=22), infection (n=6), fatal bleeding (n=4), age related death (n=3), fatal cardiovascular event (n=3), and other reasons (n=2).
 Conclusions: Our results now contribute long-term data of DOAC treatment for CAT. Incidence rates of recurrent VTE and major bleeding were consistent with the results from recent randomized trials in CAT. Most VTE recurrences occurred after interruption or discontinuation of DOAC, which indicates the importance of continued therapy especially for patients with active cancer. On-treatment rates of major bleeding were comparable for patients with recent or active cancer, indicating a need for an individualized risk-benefit assessment, especially since patients with recent cancer were at lower risk for VTE recurrence. Our findings of higher major bleeding rates in patients with GI cancer (both active and recent) is in line with the observations in randomized trials and supports guidelines recommendations, cautioning against DOAC use in CAT patients at high risk for bleeding, such as GI cancer patients.

 Marten: Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria; Bayer HealthCare: Honoraria. Tittl:Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria. Beyer-Westendorf:Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bayer HealthCare: Honoraria, Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria, Research Funding; Boehringer Ingelheim: Honoraria, Research Funding.


Abstract By the emerging of the internationalization so enterprises expand their overseas markets, it makes enterprises are facing the problems for how to appoint the suitable employees to maintain the operation of overseas market for the employees who are willing to perform the overseas assignment task. If these employees are with much enthusiasm, also have the work zealousness and good adaption so that it will have higher success-ratio for overseas assignment task naturally. This research hopes to use literature review to discuss the relationship between employees' career and relocation intention. The result will give personnel suggestions for recruiting expatriates for relocation.


Abstract Piezoceramic fibers as the active deforming component in piezoelectric fiber composites have the largest influence on the overall strain of the composites. The results of this study show that the fabricated composites exhibited clearly anisotropic actuation properties. The free strain of piezoelectric fiber composites with 70 % by volume fibers in the longitudinal direction was 2.9 times of that in the transverse direction at the excitation voltage of 2 000 V and excitation frequency of 0.1 Hz. Larger fiber volume fraction can increase the free strain of the composites, e. g. in this case the free strain increased by about 24.6 % and 33.6 % in the longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively, as the fiber volume fraction increased from 70 % to 78 %. The piezoelectric strain coefficient d33 of piezoelectric fiber composites exhibits nonlinear dependency on the actuation voltage and linear dependency on the logarithm of frequency.


An improved simple method for carbon-carbon double bond cleavage by silica-supported potassium permanganate was described and a possible mechanism was proposed.


We have proposed an effective and convenient technique called coaxial pump–probe technique, which is implemented with two obscuration disks, to investigate the dynamics of nonlinear absorption in materials. Compared to the traditional pump–probe technique, the measurement sensitivity and capability of the system is enhanced by increasing the effective overlap region of pump and probe beams. Moreover, this technique facilitates the utilization of arbitrary polarizations and wavelengths for the pump and probe beams. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated by measuring the nonlinear optical properties of zinc selenide, cadmium selenide and a symmetrical phenoxazinium bromine salt solution at different wavelengths.


SUMMARY Dr. Alfred C. Kinsey's landmark research in the 1940s and 1950s made his name synonymous with the scientific study of sexuality. The extensive resources collected by Kinsey and his research team provided a foundation of library and special collections at the Kinsey Institute, located on the Bloomington campus of Indiana University. A library of books, articles, periodicals, and other materials is valuable to scholars and users only if the materials are organized with a practical classification scheme and retrievable by unique subject headings. In the 1960s the Institute librarians applied the Dewey classification system to the realm of sexuality. In the 1970s the Kinsey Institute developed a monograph of controlled vocabulary, Sexual Nomenclature: A Thesaurus, for cataloging the diverse materials at the Institute. Now more than 95,000 items are available via KICAT, the online database, consisting of monographs, journals and reprints, manuscripts, and audiovisual materials that represent all disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences as well as literature, art, and folklore. The library also has significant holdings in such areas as erotic novels, popular sex magazines, nudist publications, pseudo-scientific works, comic books, and tabloids. This article will trace the history of bibliographic control of the library collections over many decades, and describe the approaches and efforts in providing organization and access to these rich and unique collections.


Objective To observe the effect of Yinglianpingyang decoction on the treatment of gastrohelcoma with gastric precancerous lesions.Methods 67 cases of gastrohelcoma with gastric precancerous lesions were randomly divided into two groups.36 cases in the treatment group were treated by Yinglianpingyang decoction,potion daily,decoct with water and dimidiation.The other 31 patients in control group were treated by Omeprazole Capsule,20 mg,twice a day,combined with Vitacoenzyme Tablets,1.0g,3 times a day.In both groups course was 3 months.The therapeutic effects were evaluated after two courses.Results The total effective rate in treatment group(91.39%) was higher than that in control group(64.91%,P0.01).Conclusion Yinglianpingyang decoction has accurate effect on the treatment of gastrohelcoma with gastric precancerous lesions.


Two types of BBS Pseudo-random sequence generators are presented and their relative strengths in terms of their predictability is discussed. We survey the following implementations of x mod N generator, presented by Blum, Blum and Shub: 1) Efficient and Secure Implementation of BBS PseudoRandom Number Generator 2) Fast Blum-Blum-Shub Sequence Generation Using Montgomery Multiplication 3) A software implementation of BBSx mod N generator in Java.


Flow and storage volume regulation is essential for the adequate transport and management of energy resources in district heating systems. In this letter, we propose a novel and suitably tailored—decentralized—adaptive control scheme addressing this problem whilst offering closed-loop stability guarantees. We focus on a system configuration comprising multiple heat producers, consumers and storage tanks exchanging energy through a common distribution network, which are features of modern and prospective district heating installations. The proposed controller is based on passivity, backstepping and (indirect) adaptive control theory.


Haze removal is a challenging task in image recovery, because hazy images are always degraded by turbid media in atmosphere, showing limited visibility and low contrast. Analysis Sparse Representation (ASR) and Synthesis Sparse Representation (SSR) has been widely used to recover degraded images. But there are always unexpected noise and details loss in the recovered images, as they take relatively less account of the images' inherent coherence between image patches. Thus, in this paper, we propose a new haze removal method based on hybrid convolutional sparse representation, with consideration of the adjacent relationship by convolution and superposition. To integrate optical model into a convolutional sparse framework, we separate transmission map by transforming it into logarithm domain. And then a structure-based constraint on transmission map is proposed to maintain piece-wise smoothness and reduce the influence brought by pseudo depth abrupt edges. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method can restore fine structure of hazy images and suppress boosted noise.


The article discusses the plays included in the short list of the dramatic contests in 2012-2013. The article analyses different levels, such as flows of dramatic action, transition states of character's consciousness and the possibility of the dialogue with various dimensions of existence.


The production of a toxic factor during the development of the agent of lymphogranuloma venereum has been suspected for the following reasons: (A) The disease can occur in man in severe generalized form 1 with marked headache, chills, and other symptoms suggesting toxemia. (B) The cause of death of the chick embryo after yolk-sac infection is most readily explicable as due to a toxin, since the agent does not invade the embryo to any great extent 2 and disturbance of nutrition would appear unimportant since weight of embryos dead of the infection does not differ from that of uninfected embryos of the same age. (C) In mice, convulsive deaths occurring some 30 hours after intracerebral inoculation suggest toxemia and are not wholly accounted for by the lesions formed in the meninges. Bearing on this problem Gildermeister and Haagen have demonstrated a "toxin" from rickettsia grown in the yolk-sac of the developing embryo. 3 A toxic product has been demonstrated in the heavily infected yolk-sac of moribund embryos. Little is present in less heavily infected yolk-sacs, i.e., those from embryos which would not die for another 12 or 24 hours, and it disappears after death if the eggs remain in the incubator or more slowly if at room temperature. Yolk-sacs are shaken in their own yolk and fluids to make a 1/5 or 1/10 suspension and further dilutions are prepared in broth, normal yolk, or normal serum (human, rabbit, or calf). Even under favorable conditions the toxic factor is not present in large amounts, and it has not been possible to demonstrate it in dilutions of infected yolk-sac higher than 1/40 or of infected yolk higher than 1/2 (Table I).


Abstract: Development of reliable method for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using medicinally valued Adhatoda vasica Nees has been studied here. The color change and the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) confirmed the formation of AuNPs. The biosynthesized AuNPs were characterized using UV-visible Spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDAX) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. The nanoparticles synthesized were predominantly monodisperse, stable spherical in nature with well-defined dimensions of size ranging from 22 to 47 nm. The crystalline nature of the synthesized particles was also evident by the X-ray diffraction analysis. Keywords: Adhatoda vasica, Gold nanoparticles, Biosynthesis, Electron Microscopy, Diffraction. INTRODUCTION Nanobiotechnology combines biological principles with physical and chemical procedures to generate nano-sized particles with well defined functions. Particles of interestingly small size make the field of drug delivery more interesting and effective. Synthesizing gold particles (AuNPs) with medicinal applications is the recent trend in the field of nanobiotechnology. The surface availability of nanoparticles for binding/reactivity of other species on them is an important function as it is synthesized in different structures like nanorods, spheres, prims and hexagons. The controlled growth of AuNPs of different morphologies and the various chemical mechanisms involved in the anisotropic growth were studied using different chemical procedures [1]. The low toxicity effects of green synthesized AuNPs on biological systems made researchers to synthesize it by biological method rather by chemical means. Extensive studies were done on AuNPs and its binding affinity towards nucleic acids and proteins in biological systems [2]. AuNPs have been synthesized from various sources like plants [3], microbes [4], seaweeds [5] and microalgae [6]". Sastry


Up to date about ninety cases have been recorded, and very complete descriptions of the clinical and pathological features of the condition have been contributed by Mayo Eobson,1 Tiegel,2 Schostak,3 Connel,4 Van Eoojen,5 and Paterson.6 From the investigations of these and other writers, certain facts regarding this malady have been established, and certain views regarding its etiology have obtained more or less general acceptance. As an almost necessary introduction to the subject matter of this paper, these data and opinions may here be summarised as follows:?


Objective To investigate the significance of expression of E cad and p16 protein in endometrial carcinoma. Methods The expression of p16 protein and E cad was detected in 38 endometrial carcinoma specimens and 19 controls by immunohistochemical SP method. Results ①E cad and p16 protein positive rates of endometrial carcinoma and normal control had significant difference ( P 0.01). ②The expression rates of E cad had no significant relationship found with the histologic type,invasion and clinical stage( P 0.05 ),but it was correlated with histology grade and lymph node metastasis.The expression rates of p16 also had no significant relationship found with the histologic type and histology grade( P 0.05),but it was correlated with lymph node metastasi and invasion and clinical stage ( P 0.01, P 0.05).Conclusion E cad and p16 protein are closely associated with the generation and development of the carcinoma of endometrium.


The article exposes maintenance of the system of international justice in the field of fight against terrorism, in particular applicability of positions of Roman Regulation of the International criminal court in relation to the crimes of terrorism.


Glossophobia, derived from the Greek word "glosso'(meaning tongue) is a common fear of public speaking found among students. In this paper, we apply graph labelling techniques to address the issue of glossophobia. The complicative cognitive mapping which is commonly used in psychotherapy is now replaced by bi-star graph. A survey was undertaken among school students of age group 10 years to 18 years. Shrub graph is used to represent the collected data for symptoms found among students while speaking in a competition. The link for the summary of results of the google survey done is also given in this paper.


This experimental study investigated internal (psychological characteristics) and external (World Wide Web site features) factors influencing learning and disorientation in Web navigation. The research design was a two-factors ANOVA (ANalysis Of VAriance) with mode of navigation (linear, nonlinear) and distracters (i.e., the presence of "seductive" links) as the two factors. Volunteer participants (n=75) were recruited from Internet listings that advertised the study, drawing from a diverse nationwide population. This paper reports findings of the following dependent measures as they relate to the two-factor research design: friendliness of the Web site, attribution of disorientation, overall level of disorientation, confidence in navigating the Web site passage, interest in Web site passage topic, accuracy at stating main point of the passage, and number of ideas recalled from content of passage. It was found that preference for sensation-seeking behavior and/or spatial-holistic ability did not influence the participants' perceptions of disorientation. Other results indicated that recalling examples from the text was facilitated when the site had no distracters, but an interaction indicated that participants' conception of the main point of the passage was negatively influenced if the site had no distracters when in the nonlinear navigation mode. (Author/MES) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Psychological Factors Influencing World-Wide Web Navigation PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Kevlar fibres are made from liquid crystalline polymer (LCP). Since their creation there has been extensive research effort in the use of LCPs as structural and barrier materials. Spider silk is formed from a lyotropic LCP which undergoes structural transitions during spinning, resulting in a highly orientated structure. It is this structure that is thought to be essential for the exceptional tensile strength of spider silk. Biomimetic spinning of spider silk protein dope has yet to achieve the strength characteristics found in nature. Spinox have designed and built a biomimetic rig into which protein dope is fed and from which spun fibre is drawn. They want to model the spinning process in the spider and compare it with the biomimetic rig.


Blindly using chi-square to test association of two factors in row and column of a contingency table without consideration of one factor as ordinal variable is a popular mistake found in academic periodicals. In this article we demonstrate the differences between chi-square and rank-sum test on this type of contingency table analysis through two examples. This article is supposed to make an effort to call the attention of clinical practitioners and researchers to get corresponding results correctly from original data.


COVID-19 is a great crisis for the catering industry. How to deal with and minimize its impact on their operations, various catering enterprises have adopted different strategies. As a leading enterprise in the industry, Haidilao has adopted a distinctive strategy of counter-trend expansion. Although it has achieved good results in the initial stage, with the economic recovery after the COVID-19 epidemic, the disadvantages of the policy have gradually emerged, which requires it to carry out macro-control on restaurant operations by changing strategic management methods. This paper first analyzes the effect of Haidilao's counter-trend expansion policy in terms of accounting performance and market performance. Then the SWOT analysis method is used to study and discuss the current development situation of Haidilao, and the specific content of the development strategy is put forward: first, Haidilao can appropriately give up the market with low economic benefits and maintain a certain level of cash flow. Second, Haidilao should speed up the development of takeout service and combine operation with informatization. Third, Haidilao should strengthen food safety management to fully meet the needs of customers. Fourth, Haidilao can appropriately add Chinese traditional cultural elements to the restaurant management to promote the development of brand characteristics. It is hoped that the business strategy obtained from the analysis of Haidilao in this paper can bring some reference value for catering enterprises in the post-epidemic era.


Objective To approach the relationship between serum bilirubin level and diabetic kideny disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods 789 T2DM patients were classified into normoalbuminuria group(urinary albumin excretion less than 30 mg per 24 h),microalbuminuria group(urinary albumin excretion range from 30 to 300 mg per 24 h) and macroalbuminuria group(urinary albumin excretion more than 300 mg per 24 h) according to the degree of urinary albumin excretion.We chose 168 healthy adults randomly as the control group.The difference in serum bilirubin among groups and the correlation between serum bilirubin and diabetic nephropathy were analyzed.Results T2DM group had higher levels of serum total bilirubin,direct bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin significantly than those of the control group(P0.01 or P0.05).The total bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin levels of the microalbuminuria group were lower compared with those of the normoalbuminuria group(P0.01,P0.05),while there was no significant difference in the direct bilirubin(P0.05).Compared with the other two groups,the macroalbuminuria group had lower serum total bilirubin,direct bilirubin as well as unconjugated bilirubin,difference was significant(P0.01).The correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of urinary albumin to serum total bilirubin,direct bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin were r=-0.108,P0.01,r=-0.068,P0.05,r=-0.106,P0.05,respectively.Besides,we found that the correlation coefficients of glomerular filtration rate to serum total bilirubin,direct bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin were r=0.196,P0.001,r=0.074,P0.05,r=0.12,P0.05,respectively.Conclusion Bilirubin may be a protective factor of the kidneys in patients with T2DM.It is very important to take active antioxidant treatments in early stage of T2DM to prevent the development of diabetic kidney disease.


A country manager of a large chain electronic stores submits aquery to determine sales volume in eastern states last year. Heuses a graphics package to plot the recent history of PDA salesper store over time. He uses statistical regression to analyze thesensitivity of the price. Then he uses MDA to compare the salesof various products in different stores over time.


The European Union is not just a new type of legal order which serves integration on the level of economic interests; it is also a legal order in which a very clear purpose is dominant. This is the promotion of a process of integration towards the economic and political union of European States. The European Union is based on common ideas and values regarding democracy and human rights standards, as well as economy. This special interest has been shown for the candidate countries at the Copenhagen European Council. According to the criteria for accession, known as the "Copenhagen criteria", membership requires that the candidate country:"has achieved stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights, and respect for and protection of minorities". Regular Reports (1998,1999, 2000 and 2001) from the Commission on Progress towards Accession of Turkey, put stress on specific problems of democracy, human rights and the rule of law in Turkey. "The Council Decision on the principles, priorities, intermediate objectives and conditions contained in the Accession Partnership with the Republic of Turkey" explaines the expectations of EU on progress towards accession of Turkey.  In this article the author examines the specific subjects which exist in the documents mentioned above and National Programme, and compares them with the amendments of the Turkish constitution. She elaborates the detention conditions, freedom of expression and the freedom of association of the political parties in Turkey taking into consideration the European Court of Human Rights cases as well as Eu documents. Author in this article suggests to apply the standards of the European Court of Human Rights regarding the rules about the detention conditions, the freedom of expression and the closure of the political parties.


An increase in CP-asp. 1 transcarbamylase activity in experimentally produced rat hepatoma was reported in a previous communication (5). The question whether the increased activity is characteristic of neoplasia or is simply a reflection of the metabolic changes taking place in rapidly growing tissue presented itself. Since liver tissue has the capacity to grow relatively rapidly during the process of regeneration following partial hepatectomy, it appeared of interest to study the CPasp. transcarbamylase activity under these conditions.


Out-of-Distribution (OoD) detection has developed substantially in the past few years, with available methods approaching, and in a few cases achieving, perfect data separation on standard benchmarks. These results generally involve large or complex models, pretraining, exposure to OoD examples or extra hyperparameter tuning. Remarkably, it is possible to achieve results that can exceed many of these state-of-the-art methods with a very simple method. We demonstrate that ResNet18 trained with Supervised Contrastive Learning (SCL) produces state-of-the-art results out-of-the-box on near and far OoD detection benchmarks using only Euclidean distance as a scoring rule. This may obviate the need in some cases for more sophisticated methods or larger models, and at the very least provides a very strong, easy to use baseline for further experimentation and analysis.


The allocation of scarce resources is a complex higher education decision problem, especially when it comes to budget constraints. Therefore, the authors propose a multicriteria web-based decision support system for resource allocation in higher education organizations. To do so, they define an MCDA/M resource allocation model, based on a project portfolio selection problem to set the percentage of the total budget that every alternative should receive. For the web-based DSS, they develop a database model to store and retrieve data, define the user's interface, and they use a web platform to transform the prototype into a web-based system. Also, they run an empirical analysis with an end-user to test the DSS. They show that the system can provide a clear vision of how the resource allocation system works; the mechanism as a whole becomes more transparent to those involved, enabling them to make efficient and reasonable decisions.


The article examines the essence of medium-term budget planning, its tasks and stages of development in world, in particular European practice. The expediency of using a multi-year approach in the budget process and its advantages and disadvantages are proved. The peculiarities of medium-term budget planning of its function and methods of application in Ukraine are grounded. The toolkit and key elements to be implemented in the medium-term planning system according to the recommendations of the European Commission are described. The peculiarities of implementation of the program-target method as the most effective form of budgeting both at the state and regional levels are characterized. The directions of improvement of strategic financial management by means of introduction of budgetary medium-term planning in budgetary practice of Ukraine are determined. It is proved that the significance and urgency of medium-term budget planning in the budget process is quite significant, and most importantly, it is economically justified from the standpoint of all participants in budget relations. It is necessary to understand and note that the best international, in particular, European experience, should be a diagnostic indicator, not a template used to implement reforms. The main task is to develop procedures and mechanisms that will allow sector ministries and departments to plan expenditures based on reasonable assumptions about available budget resources and the state - to ensure transparency, flexibility and the possibility of operative adjustment of budget items taking into account changes in the budget policy of the country.


Examination of data on dietary preferences of sheep, goats and cattle suggests that different grazing systems are desirable for each of the three major woodland types (belah-rosewood, mulga, poplar box) examined. Competition for herbs, frequently palatable to all animal species, indicates that goats and sheep are unsuitable for joint use either in heavily wooded country or where annual herbaceous production is less than 200 kg-ha. Supplementary feeding, fire and judicious stocking are proposed as a strategy for inducing goats to eat a proportion of unpalatable shrubs. The literature provides little helpful information on how rangelands in the Western Division should be managed. No reports are given on comparisons of grazing systems, such as rotational grazing, rotational resting, and continuous grazing. No guidance is given on grazing after burning of the rangeland. Recommendations are generally against the use of goats for control of woody plants, whereas local observation shows this to be an apparently effective practice. The recommendations are mostly based on experimental procedures which, although suitable for detecting animal dietary preferences in the short term, are less appropriate for investigation of the effects of grazing on range condition in the long term. Some suggestions are made towards a different approach for: investigating the effects of grazing by sheep and goats on rangeland condition, and the economic implications of this in terms of animal production.


This paper presents a 5-bit digital step attenuator covering X and Ku bands based on a 0.15 μm GaAs pHEMT process. The attenuation range of the attenuator is 0-15.5 dB with a 0.5-dB amplitude step. The attenuator utilizes reduced T-type and bridge-T-type to achieve low insertion, and a phase compensation structure is added to reduce the phase error. Besides, the layout area is 0.46 mm2 (0.72 mm×0.65 mm) due to the new impedance matching networks, also the attenuator cell has different pole frequencies which can improve the bandwidth. The simulation results show that the insertion loss is 3-4.2 dB in the range of 8-18 GHz, root-mean-square (RMS) amplitude error is less than 0.18 dB, and RMS phase error is less than 2°. The input 1-dB compression point is 32 dBm.


Traffic flow is one of the major issues that most of the metropolitan cities are facing in spite of measures beingtaken to ease and reduce it. Traffic congestion in the recent past years, has emerged as one of the main challengefor engineers, planners and policy makers in urban areas. Also it is a challenge to provide efficient road width,footpath width, and signal time for the increasing demand with the limited resources available. In this researchtraffic flow and pedestrian facilities of selected routes in Nagpur city has been studied. This researchinvestigates those sections of the Nagpur city which are considered among the busiest roads.


For an unbaffled agitated vessel with an angularly oscillating impeller whose rotation continues while periodically reversing its direction at a set angle, the progress of mixing of Newtonian liquid phase was studied experimentally in relation to the impeller power characteristics. Results obtained for the angular oscillation mode of a disk turbine impeller with six flat blades with different amplitudes (Strouhal number) were compared to those obtained for the unidirectional rotation mode of the impeller of identical design. Using an angularly oscillating impeller, turbulent and laminar mixings were effective, respectively, with larger and smaller amplitudes. The mixing characteristics for turbulent and laminar flow regions were discussed on the basis of the flow field features, which the impeller power number reflected.


The fiftieth anniversary of the American Society for Aesthetics comes at a time of ostensible turmoil in academia. Many fields of enquiryso many, in fact, that it would be cumbersome to enumerate them-claim to be undergoing fundamental identity crises; old paradigms are declared outmoded on every side, and new approaches heralded. In such a context, contemplating the health of Anglo-American-style aesthetics is natural. ' Indeed, since our colleagues in adjacent fields-including literary theory, film studies, art history, and so on-seem convinced that if aesthetics is not dead, then it should be killed, we might spend some of this anniversary not only celebrating the past, but also worrying about the future. The charges arrayed against Anglo-American aesthetics at present are legion. One could not hope to identify, let alone to address, them all in such a brief note. Thus, I will focus on just one issue in order to demonstrate that not only is Anglo-American aesthetics not always at loggerheads with contemporary art criticism, but that contemporary criticism may even profit from the insights of aesthetics. Like the art of the past decade or so, contemporary criticism has become increasingly political in its orientation. One aspect of this is the familiar interpretation of artworks-often indiscriminately called "texts"-for their symptomatic political content, including especially: latent or repressed sexism, racism, classism, imperialism, and so forth. Moreover, at the same time that contemporary critics have opted for this variety of the hermeneutics of suspicion, a movement reinstating the relevance of the artist's intentions for interpretation has begun to take hold among philosophers of art.2 That is, after several decades of living with the so-called "intentional fallacy," many-though, of course, hardly allAnglo-American aestheticians are beginning to perceive fallacies in one of their founding doctrines. However, an anxiety arises in this context about whether this movement on the part of philosophers of art is not on a collision course with interpretive developments in contemporary criticism. For quite frequently the sexism, racism, and imperialism attributed to artworks by contemporary critics may not accord with what we may reliably hypothesize about the intentions of the artists in question. That is, the intentionalist conception of interpretation favored by many philosophers of art may be at variance with-if not downright incompatible with-the aims of a hermeneutics of suspicion. Often contemporary critics aspire to attribute properties to artworks where it is difficult to imagine that the creator of said work could have intended said property to be a feature of the work. One reason for this might be that the feature in question-say ablism-is not in the artist's conceptual repertoire. And, in fact, in some cases, contemporary critics may wish to attribute a property-like sexism-to a work when the author may have explicitly intended quite the opposite; one may, for example, find sexism in the creations of George Bernard Shaw, though he was a self-proclaimed proponent of women's rights. So, if interpretations are supposed to track-or, at least, to be constrained by-authorial intentions, contemporary critics may complain that the intentionalist leanings of many contemporary philosophers of art are a logical impediment to their critical practices. From the viewpoint of contemporary criticism, the hermeneutics of suspicion is a power-


Knowledge of deeply-rooted non-ammonia oxidising Thaumarchaeota lineages from terrestrial environments is scarce, despite their abundance in acidic soils. Here, 15 new deeply-rooted thaumarchaeotal genomes were assembled from acidic topsoils (0-15cm) and subsoils (30-60 cm), most of them corresponding to two genera of terrestrially prevalent Gagatemarchaeaceae (previously known as thaumarchaeotal Group I.1c). Unlike previous predictions, metabolic annotations suggest Gagatemarchaeaceae perform aerobic respiration and use various organic carbon sources. Evolutionary speciation between topsoil and subsoil lineages happened early in Gagatemarchaeaceae history, with significant metabolic and genomic trait differences. Reconstruction of the evolutionary mechanisms showed that the genome expansion in topsoil Gagatemarchaeaceae resulted from extensive early lateral gene acquisition, followed by progressive gene duplication throughout evolutionary history. Ancestral trait reconstruction using the expanded genomic diversity also refuted the previous hypothesis of a Thaumarchaeota thermophilic ancestor. Ultimately, this study provides an attractive model for studying mechanisms driving niche partitioning between spatially related ecosystems.


Philosophers and political scientists alike have habitually overlooked Friedrich Nietzsche's contributions to modern political theory, the sum of which constitutes a remarkably original alternative to the conventional precepts of both liberalism and democracy. "Few of the discussions of Nietzsche's politics are long," Bruce Detwiler writes, "and those that are (with some notable recent exceptions) tend to be of low quality, often inspired more by the political passions of the day than by any commitment to dispassionate analysis of the subject at hand" (1990, 1). The Third Reich's enthusiastic appropriation of Nietzsche's philosophy, and the pall that it cast over his subsequent reputation, explains much about why scholars for decades shied away from validating his distinctive contributions to modern political philosophy. Even Nietzsche's intellectual redeemers, however, complicated matters in this regard. Walter Kaufmann, Nietzsche's esteemed biographer and translator, rescued his subject from historical and political disrepute by maintaining, in Keith Ansell-Pearson's summation, "that Nietzsche was not a political thinker at all, but someone who was mainly concerned with the fate of the solitary, isolated individual removed from the cares and concerns of the social world" (1994, l).1 During the 1970s and 1980s, French poststructuralist philosophers challenged Kaufmann 's standard interpretation of Nietzsche by pursuing the broad implications of Nietzsche's insights on language. Such insights scandalized longstanding beliefs in the priority of truth and reason over linguistic artifice and thus amounted to a withering critique of the very foundations of Western metaphysics and rational empiricism.2 The resultant Anglo-American reception of this so-called new Nietzsche, which lionized his contributions to modern views of language, truth, and aesthetics, nonetheless replicated Kaufmann's tendency to underestimate Nietzsche's uniquely valuable political insights.3 Owing to these receptions of Nietzsche's thought, modern commentators have frequently dismissed his political philosophy for its alleged naivete and


Obesity and cardiovascular disease risks are elevated in patients with schizophrenia and contribute significantly to premature death in these patients.


Ni–W electrodeposits have emerged as one of the most suitable alternatives to hard chromium mainly owing to their remarkable mechanical and tribological properties. Additionally, advanced technologies that require materials resistant to high temperatures could benefit from the use of Ni–W coatings. In this work, the effect of thermal treatment at different temperatures (300, 500, 700°C) on the characteristics of Ni–W coatings obtained by direct and pulse plating (PP) was studied. The morphology, composition, crystalline structure, hardness, wear rate, friction coefficient and corrosion resistance of the thermally treated coatings were analysed and compared with the performance of hard chromium coatings. The results indicate that the pulse-plated Ni–W coatings show better mechanical and tribological properties than the ones obtained by direct current. A significant improvement in hardness in Ni–W layers was achieved by thermal treatment, mainly in the films grown by PP, with minor changes in wear resistance and corrosion performance.


The composite fillers were composed of BNi-7filler and pure Cu powders,and then them was used to braze 316 Lstainless steels with clearance of 40 μm.The effects of different pure Cu powder contents on microstructure and micro-hardness of brazed joints were studied.The results show that adding Cu powders into BNi-7filler can improve the filling capability of brazed joint with large clearance effectively.Because of the addition of pure Cu powders,the brittle compounds in the brazing seam reduce significantly,and they are inlaid into the nickel based solid solution with the shapes of island,strip and point.All of these decrease the micro-hardness of brazed joints.The least brittle compounds were found in the brazed joint with pure Cu powders content of 9wt%,and the micro-hardness of the joint was 1 000 MPa.


The magnetoresistance and the spectra of transverse Kerr effect and optical conductivity of Co x Cu 1-x (x = 0.22 and 0.50) films were measured. The 100-nm-thick films were deposited onto glass substrates in a vacuum of 5 x 10 -7 mm Hg at temperatures 150, 400, 520, and 720 K using the flash method. The largest value of magnetoresistance equal to 17.6% was observed for Co 0.22 Cu 0.78 films deposited at T s = 400-520 K. Comparing the experimental and simulated spectra of transverse Kerr effect and optical conductivity, as well as the electron-microscopic studies of the film structure, suggest that the magnetoresistance is maximum in the films with the average grain size about 20 nm and incomplete separation of Co and Cu phases.


By analyzing the present situation of French teaching,the article points out a few problems and gives its countermeasures.We should combine the theoretical teaching with the practice and use all kinds of teaching methods to establish a better teaching mode in French teaching as a second foreign language.


The method of Thermoreactive Electrospark Surface Strengthening (TRESS) is presented in this paper. Thus the process of coating formation becomes a less energy consuming one as compared to the basic technology of the electrospark alloying. The additional heat of the chemical reaction of the synthesis final products formation on the substrate contribute to the increase of thickness and continuity of the coating, to the diminution of the inner tension due to smoother concentration gradients through the coating thickness. The opportunities of TRESS method are exposed on the example of wear-resistant coating formation in the systems of Ti+Al+diamond, Ti+B+diamond. Optimal conditions and technological parameters for diamond containing coatings deposition are found. The influence of a number of TRESS technological parameters (impulse discharge energy, grain size of the component of electrode materials) on the mass transfer kinetics, coatings composition, their structure and properties. The composition of coating was determinate by the X-ray analysis. The wear-resistance of coatings was evaluated by tests on the friction machine.


OBJECTIVE
To study the effect of Anthocyanin (Ay) on Cadmium-Induced Mouse testis Damage.

METHODS
Mouse testis damage model were constructed and testis malonaldehyde (MDA) and protein carbonxyl content (PCO), as well as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined.

RESULTS
The intoxication of cadmium can cause the increase of MDA and PCO content in mouse testis (P < 0.05), however, the activities of SOD and CAT were altered (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION
Ay have the strong potent to scavenge free radicals, owing to its special chemical structures, and act as a protector to inhibit the oxidative stress induced by cadmium.


The opinions expressed and arguments employed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD or of the governments of its Member countries. The Workshop was sponsored by the OECD Co-operative Research Programme on Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, whose financial support made it possible for eight of the invited speakers to participate in the Workshop. We would like to thank the Organising Committee, the Scientific Committee and the financial support from the conference sponsors and funding from the Government of Victoria that allowed the success of the Soil Change Matters Workshop. Organising Committee (Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources unless otherwise noted): • Richard MacEwan (Convenor) • Jennifer Alexander • Helaina Black (James Hutton Institute, UK) • Doug Crawford • Phil Dyson (North Central CMA) • Jane Fisher • Gemma Heemskerk • Jonathan Hopley • Pauline Mele • Rebecca Mitchell • David Rees • Dugal Wallace • Dale Webster Scientific Committee (Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources unless otherwise noted): • Mr Richard MacEwan • Dr Dominique Arrouays (National Institute of Agronomic Research, France) • Helaina Black (James Hutton Institute, UK) • Mr Doug Crawford • Dr Ben Marchant (Geoscience, UK) • Dr Pauline Mele • Dr Budiman Minasny (University of Sydney, NSW) • Professor Dan Richter (Duke University, USA) • Mr Nathan Robinson Thanks are given to the authors and to the anonymous referees for the papers included here.


Utilizing the resources of a power source in induction heating process requires mutual inductive matching of the source and the heated load. In the induction heating, the load impedance varies over a wide range, not only for different types of inductor-charge configurations but also during the heating process itself. These phenomena reduces drastically the efficiency of the source. In the article, a method of predictive selection of the choke value setting is proposed for the newly developed resonant waveform design with a controlled series choke. The elaborated solution significantly improves the impedance matching of the source-load system during the heating process.


The NASA Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) program was initiated with the premise that NASA's goal would eventually include extended duration missions with sizable crews requiring capabilities beyond the ability of conventional life support technology. Currently, as mission duration and crew size increase, the mass and volume required for consumable life support supplies also increase linearly. Under these circumstances the logistics arrangements and associated costs for life support resupply will adversely affect the ability of NASA to conduct long duration missions. A solution to the problem is to develop technology for the recycling of life support supplies from wastes. The CELSS concept is based upon the integration of biological and physico-chemical processes to construct a system which will produce food, potable water, and a breathable atmosphere from metabolic and other wastes, in a stable and reliable manner. A central feature of a CELSS is the use of green plant photosynthesis to produce food, with the resulting production of oxygen and potable water, and the removal of carbon dioxide.


This paper uses a FACTS device, UPFC for damping power oscillation in transmission systems as the power oscillations might increase risk of instability in the system and may also reduce power quality when the power system is being exposed to any disturbance. FACTS controllers permit newer approaches to system stabilization. In the proposed system, whenever power oscillations are detected due to any system disturbance the UPFC provides voltage support and improves the power system stability. The proposed system improves damping performance when compared with other methods. Harmonics is reduced in this proposed system. The quicker power oscillation damping using UPFC ensures smooth and reliable flow of the power through transmission line. This paper implements the control scheme and result is thus obtained for oscillations damping using Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) based on the computer simulations using the MATLAB software. Keywords—Unified Power Flow Controller(UPFC), stabilization, Flexible AC Transmission System( FACTS), Power Oscillation Damping


in IR-T1 Tokamak A. Hojabri, F. Hajakbari , M. Mahmoodi Darian , M. K. Salem, M Ghoranneviss Physics Group, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Iran. Plasma Physics Research Center, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Campus,Tehran, Iran. The RHF in tokamak is an external magnetic field which can improve the plasma confinement. This field is produced by conductors wound externally around the tokamak torus with a given helicity. In IR-T1, RHF is generated by two of helical coils installed outside the vacuum vessel. The pulsed dc RHF configuration * + 3 , 2 ? A has the optimal current


Participants read descriptions of a male or female director who did not distribute funds according to organizational needs and were informed that such distribution had or had not occurred before. Participants were then asked to evaluate 10 possible accounts for the behavior. Results showed that previous history of misappropriation, participant gender, and gender of director affected the acceptability of some of the accounts.


This paper introduces block red-black ordering in a general three-dimensional form for parallel incomplete LU (ILU) preconditioning. This parallel ordering method is designed to attain fast convergence with reduced synchronization among processors in parallelized forward and backward substitutions. In this method, the grid-nodes are divided into blocks and red-black ordering is applied to them. Since blocks with identical colors never have a data-dependency, the blocks in each color can be processed in parallel. Moreover, in order to compare parallel orderings, we propose a new tool for investigating orderings on convergence. The analytic index for convergence, which is based on the remainder matrix, is easily computed and has a unique value for a fixed ordering. Nodes are classified into seven groups, and the effect of each group on convergence is estimated. Numerical tests using a three-dimensional problem confirm the validity of both proposed parallel ordering and analytic convergence comparison methods.


Modifications were made on the preparation of plasmid DNA by alkaline lysis,the reaction time of solution I,solution Ⅱ,solution Ⅲ and Alcohol was 0 min,0 min,10 min,0 min respectively;residual protein was wipped off by the filter,which instead of phenol and chloroform extraction.Thus the time of isolation of plasmid DNA was shortened within 1 hour,and reducing the injury of poisonous substance on the human body.The experiments demonstrated that the improved method generated good quality plasmid DNA with high yield,and it could meet the standards for many common molecular biology experiments.


Abstract Aortic stenosis is an insidious disease of rapid progression after the onset of symptoms. Aortic valve replacement surgery is a well-established therapy that reduces symptoms and increases survival rates. However, the procedure may be associated with high operative mortality rates and promote comorbidity. Depending on the local reality, the prevalence of patients considered inoperable (due to medical comorbidities and age) may achieve 30%. For these patients, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was initially indicated; over time, the method has [...]


Objective: To investigate Tongmai Tiaoshen practices on heart deficiency type psychophysiological insomnia patients polysomnography total sleep time,percentage of each sleep stage. Methods: 60 cases of the disease outpatients,using clinical randomized,controlled study law,in accordance with the ratio of 1∶ 1 into manual therapy group and western medicine control group30 cases,treatment for 20 days after treatment,carried out at the end of the first three follow- up. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale score was observed. Before treatment,after treatment polysomnography test total sleep time and percentage of each sleep stage were observed. Results: The markedly effective manual therapy group was 70% and the total effective rate was 96. 7% in the treatment group. In control group,the effective rate was 43. 33% and the total effective rate was 86. 67% respectively. There were statistically significant differences( P 0. 01). Polysomnography before and after treatment to monitor total sleep time,percentage of each sleep stage of the two groups were significantly different( P 0. 01). Conclusion: Tongmai Tiaoshen manipulative therapy for heart deficiency type psychophysiological insomnia has significant effect,effectively avoid the presence of western medicine dependence,addiction. Tongmai Tiaoshen practices for psychophysiological insomnia treatment is safe and effective. The recurrence rate is low. It is a simple and inexpensive test,standardized and suitable for promotion and application of psychophysiological insomnia clinical treatments.


A wide-band four-states of polarization-agility microstrip linear antenna array being composed of 8 elements is proposed in this paper. For increasing the bandwidth and improving isolation between two feed points, each element of aperture coupled microstrip patch is of two feed points. Through changing the phase shifters in the resultant channels, the four-states of polarization (vertical, horizontal, left circular and right circular) may be realized. The measured results show that with all the polarization states within 8 GHz to 10.95 GHz,the VSWR is less than 1.5, the axial ratio of circular polarization is better than 6dB and the cross polarization of linear polarization is lower than -10 dB within 8.85 GHz to 10.95 GHz. Both of the frequency bandwidths are 19% based on the central frequency 10 GHz. This linear array may also be used as the primary feeder of the cylindrical parabolic reflector antenna or to form a two dimensional antenna array by using proper feed network


This research analyzes the use of Information System (IS) by the furniture cluster located in the city of Umuarama, State of Parana, Brazil. The methodology used was a survey research made in 37 companies of this segment. These companies were interviewed about the use of IS as a competitive advantage in the cluster and in the distribution channel. The results showed that small enterprises use limited resources of IS in their internal processes and relationships with the distribution channels. The use of applications increases in midsize companies; however, they do not have systems to analyze their after sales. Large companies make intensive use of software in administrative processes, reaching more competitiveness than the other competitors.


In the superconducting cavity stabilized oscillator (SCO), which has extremely high-frequency stability, the power input to the superconducting cavity (SC) must be minimized since the energy stored in the SC causes a shift in the resonance frequency away from its value at zero stored energy due to the electromagnetic radiation pressure and nonlinear surface reactance. Therefore, in the SCO with self-injection locking, a loosely coupled directional coupler is used to couple a free running oscillator to an SC. This paper describes the design of self-injection-locked SCO's.

The effects on frequency stability of the SC coupling factor and electrical line length between the SC and oscillating device are discussed. Oscillation frequency is given as a function of electrical line length. Optimum line length is discussed and the stability criteria for the oscillating device are derived. Based on this design consideration, an X-band Gunn effect oscillator is stabilized. The SC is fabricated from solid Nb and has an unloaded Q-factor of 6.7 × 106. The noise floor of frequency stability as low as 8.5 × 10-11 has been obtained.


Background: contents of Legal Odontology don't exist in the study program of Comprehensive General Odontology, which means lack of knowledge, practical abilities and limitations when applying them in the services of social justice. Objective: to elaborate a system of teaching tasks in the Comprehensive General Odontology Specialty to treat the contents of Legal Odontology in first year residents' programs. Methods: it was carried out a development investigation within the qualitative approach in Cienfuegos University of Medical Sciences from January 2011 to August 2012. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction and systemic-structural; empiric methods: documental analysis and an interview in questionnaire form was applied to the EDUMECENTRO 2016;8(1):1-14 ISSN 2077-2874 RNPS 2234 Santa Clara ene.-mar. http://www.revedumecentro.sld.cu 3 professors and officers of the Ministry of Interior; and mathematical-statistical methods were applied too. Results: the regularities of the diagnosis showed that the programs of Comprehensive General Odontology neither contain knowledge nor develop practical abilities on topics of Legal Odontology, which denotes deficiencies in the professional's formation, in respect to their social commitment related with their performance in justice. Teaching tasks were elaborated and inserted in course 1 Health and Epidemiology of the residence of Comprehensive General Odontology, and they were valued by the experts' criteria. Conclusions: the experts coincide in the scientific-methodological character; novelty and relevancy of the elaborated teaching tasks because they contribute to enlarge the social profile of the specialists in Comprehensive General Odontology. MeSH: Oral medicine. education, professional, education, medical. _______________________________________________________


It is difficult to insure the quality of composites for the reason that there are complicated processes during curing process of composites. There is a We need to develop an advanced on line monitoring system for the curing process of composites. It is feasible to develop fiber optic sensors to monitor the molding process of composite materials. As the development of fiber optic technologies, the physical parameters, chemical parameters and the mechanical parameters of composites during the molding process are mightily monitored. In this paper, the principle of sensing the molding process of composites by fiber optic is introduced. The feasibility of establishing the smart fiber optic composites system is set forth. A sort of fiber optic sensor based on strength modulation is researched to monitor the process of composite during the curing process. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory and production field. It can monitor the curing process, including the lowest point of the resin matrix, the end point of curing process of composite material sensitively and precisely. The research results show that the technology can be applied to intelligently monitoring and controlling the molding process of composite materials. The successful application of the optic fiber monitoring system in the real production field shows that this technology has reached practicality ability.