We present the results of a magnetic survey with FORS1 in polarimetric mode of a sample of B and Herbig Ae stars with previously undetected magnetic fields. For the first time a mean longitudinal magnetic field at a level higher than 3 sigma has been detected in one normal B star, two HgMn stars, one PGa star and four SPB stars. The observations of the three Herbig Ae stars (also known as Vega-like stars) reveal a definite longitudinal magnetic field in the star HD139614 at 4.8 sigma level: =-450+-93 G. This is the largest magnetic field ever diagnosed for a Herbig Ae star. A hint of a magnetic field is found in the other two stars, HD144432 and HD144668, for which magnetic fields are measured at the ~1.6 sigma and ~2.5 sigma level respectively.


In June 2006 the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education approved new standards which will be implemented in 2007. Among the most problematic to implement is the requirement for many hours (5% of the curriculum) to be spent in introductory pharmacy practice experiences, supervised by a preceptor pharmacist. Most faculty members and colleges agree with the need for pharmacy students to be involved with the profession from the beginning of their curriculum. While there is little hard evidence, most accept the premise that students who understand what they are aiming for in their education will be more motivated and better able to understand the rationale for the components of the pharmacy education. Difficulties arise, however, when schools attempt to define the outcome competencies that should result from the experience. If the goal is simply exposure to the profession as it is practiced in its various venues, it does not take 5% of the curricular hours to accomplish that. If the goal is to learn dispensing and communication skills, the goal may be better achieved in simulated environments. Also, a substantial number of first-year pharmacy students have worked as pharmacy technicians and those skills are already in place. A goal of having the students actually practicing patient care probably is not realistic for first-year students. So, what do we do with introductory pharmacy practice experiences to make them worthy of 5% of the curriculum?

I maintain that the early pharmacy experience can be used to reorient our students' education to introduce systems improvement thinking and hopefully, to produce graduates who are able to play a major role in improving the health care system or at least the microsystem in which they participate.

I find that our students are often frustrated by the distance between what they are being taught as the ideal practice of pharmacy, ie, pharmaceutical care (or medication therapy management) and what they actually see in practice. This frustration leads to cynicism in some and a curbing of practice ambitions in others. Some will maintain their optimism and idealism throughout the curriculum only to emerge from the program into a practice setting without the skills to create the changes in that setting so they can serve patients the way they want to. There are not enough patient-care-providing practices available to accommodate all our students in experiential education, much less to hire all of our graduates. Clearly our students and our graduates must be part of a practice change and practice improvement process if we have any hope of meeting the needs of society for medication therapy management. They must be taught the principles and process of health care improvement and be prepared to be change agents as they graduate from our schools. We have an important stake in this change effort as the window of opportunity to prove what pharmacists can contribute to health care is opening now (with reimbursement for medication therapy management becoming more available). But that window may not remain open long if we fail to deliver the care we have said we can deliver and achieve the benefits we have promised.

The 2004 Center for the Advancement of Pharmaceutical Education outcomes embrace this systems thinking as one leg of the 3 component education recommended for our students, yet few programs have figured out how to implement the competencies needed to engage in healthcare improvement. Introductory pharmacy practice experiences can be the beginning of educating our students with the skills to change practice. Let's place our students in the best environments we can identify (those with patient-centered care and team practices; those engaged in medication therapy management) as well as in the more typical dispensing settings. Let's ask them to identify the differences and talk with the pharmacists in the patient care providing sites about how they changed their practices. Let's teach our students to document and discuss practice improvements and the improved outcomes that result. This early investment in learning what is and what can/should be can be further developed with didactic and experiential educational experiences throughout the curriculum and into the advanced practice experiences. Perhaps each student could engage in a healthcare improvement project during their last year of practice experience. Maybe they will help our preceptor pharmacists improve their practices, creating better sites for our students to learn in.

As an aside, I believe that we should teach the dispensing, distribution, and communication skills, and even early patient care skills, in simulation laboratories that are becoming such a central part of education of other health care professionals. That does not need to be done in our valuable volunteer experiential sites. Perhaps with competencies well defined, we will be able to then reduce the number of hours required for early experiences.

In conclusion, I encourage all programs to consider using the introductory experiential education for a distinct and valuable purpose, which is providing the basis for students to become active change agents. We can build upon that basis during subsequent educational experiences and the pharmacists we graduate will be prepared to improve practice on the local, microsystem, and system levels to help us achieve our professional goals of helping patients achieve the optimum benefit from the medications they take.


Art, Calligraphy, and Metaphysics The sixth section explored the calligraphic brushstroke, which is an approach to abstract painting that focuses on the spontaneous gesture of the artist's hand. The artworks were informed by East Asian calligraphy and popular Zen writings with its ethics of direct action. Paintings, ink paintings, and sculptures by such towering artists as Franz Kline, Sam Francis, Philip Guston, Robert Motherwell, Jackson Pollock, David Smith and Mark Tobey reveal how this cross-cultural discourse inspired the creative culture of postwar America. The traditions of metaphysical speculation in Hinduism, Taoism, and Zen Buddhism provided artists with a conceptual basis for the understanding and representation of the visionary, spiritual, and universal potential of abstract art. In 1983 Brice Marden traveled to India, Sri Lanka and Thailand. In 1984, Marden visited the Japan House's Gallery exhibition entitled "The Masters of Japanese Calligraphy." This exhibition inspired him to study Chinese Paul Kos, "Sound of Ice Melting" (1970) Brice Marden, "Cold Mountain Painting" (1989-91) Vol. 11, No. 1 International Journal of Multicultural Education 2009 7 calligraphy which he adopted in his artistic practice and painting process. His personal interest and intercultural experiences played a significant role in opening new doors to his art practice. He displayed greater freedom in his abstract painting compared to his earlier dry minimalistic approach. Marden's breakthrough series of calligraphic ink-onpaper works from 1987-90 included "Cold Mountain Studies 1-35" and "Brice Marden's 4 (Bone)" which show clear evidence of the inspiration he received from East Asian calligraphy. Experimental Performance Art: The Aesthetics of Time The top floor of the Guggenheim Museum was filled with the last section of The Third Mind, including the site-specific installations by Ann Hamilton entitled "Human Carriage" (2009), Bill Viola's installation, Tehching Hsieh's performance installation "Punching the Time Clock on the Hour, One Year Performance, 11 April 1980-11 April 1981" video works by South Korean artist Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, Kim Jones' mixed media sculptural works, and live performance art of the 1970s through 1989 by other artists. This section reflects the postmodern period of the globalism era. Some artists were born in Asia and immigrated to America, while others lived in Asia or served in the Vietnam War. As part of their artistic practice, these artists made connections between art and daily life, or they explored endurance through a long and arduous art-making process to achieve self-understanding. Taiwan-born artist Tehching Hsieh came to America in 1974 as an illegal immigrant. He later received amnesty and experimented with his performance art entitled "Punching the Time Clock on the Hour, One Year Performance, 11 April 1980-11 April 1981," which dealt with art and everyday life. His daily life became his art making process. He woke up every hour and punched a time clock, wearing a uniform, and followed the same routine for an entire year, missing only a few hours. His daily art-making process and everyday life was recorded by a time clock. The punched records and photo documents were displayed on four walls with the witness's signatures, letters, his performance clothing (uniform), and his shoes in a glass case. Through these documents, viewers are invited back to the 1980's. This fascinating performance is evidence of a year's marathon art making. It shows Hsieh's endurance and resistance, taking on the extreme conditions of physical hardship and isolation. The written attestations of his performance maintain the integrity of his diligence to make art. Such performances require a high level of self-discipline and mental endurance, which is the daily life of a Buddhist monk. Tehching Hsieh, "Punching the Time Clock on the Hour, One Year Performance, 11 April 1980-11 April 1981"(1981) Vol. 11, No. 1 International Journal of Multicultural Education 2009 8 Kim Jones served as a United States Marine in the Vietnam War during 1967-68. His experiences in Southeast Asia, especially in an unconventional war, had a great impact on his artistic expression. After returning from Vietnam, he recorded his wartime experiences in a drawing entitled "Blue Shirt with Horns" (1983-2005). This drawing is a diagram and a map of troop movements with locations of armored tanks' fortified positions and targets on clothing. Jones' work reveals his status as a veteran traumatized by an Asian war. Two site-specific installations by Ann Hamilton and James Lee Byars attracted many viewers because of their attention to meditative energy. Hamilton, who studied textile and sculpture, incorporated different materials in her installation. As a child she was introduced to Japanese textiles by her grandmother who had traveled to Japan, and later she studied Japanese textile weaving techniques. Hamilton's site-specific installation entitled "Human Carriage" (2009) is a metaphor for the processes of transmission and transformation through reading books. The Human Carriage was a white silk carriage composed of weights made from cut-up books and carried by a Ann Hamilton, "Human Carriage" (2009) Tehching Hsieh, "Punching the Time Clock on the Hour, One Year Performance, 11 April 1980-11 April 1981" (1981) Vol. 11, No. 1 International Journal of Multicultural Education 2009 9 tracked installation that goes from the top floor to the bottom of the Guggenheim's rotunda entrance, snaking along Frank Lloyd Wright's spiraling balustrade. The installation welcomes visitors, raises their curiosity, and awakens them, using the chime of Tibetan bells to encourage visitors to investigate the exhibition. The Human Carriage mechanism was installed on the top floor, where an attendant exchanged the cut-up book weights. On its descent to the rotunda's ground floor, the carriage carrying book parts makes unexpected and periodic "ching" bell sounds which gently alerts the viewers to its presence. According to Hamilton, the elements of the Human Carriage compose a visual metaphor for the processes of reading, which leave no material trace but may forever change you. James Lee Byars, who studied art and philosophy, lived in Kyoto, Japan, between 1958 and 1968, and his experiences were reflected in his site-specific installation "The Death of James Lee Byars" (1982/94). While living in Japan, he studied Zen and the music tradition of Noh Theater, practiced Shinto rituals, and taught English to Buddhist monks. His engagement with the Asian Japanese aesthetic was evidenced in his experimental performance-based artworks. "The Death of James Lee Byars" (1982/94), a site-specific installation composed of a large shimmering gold-leafed space with a sarcophagus in the middle, invites viewers to contemplate and listen to the sound of silence seasoned with whispers of air passing over the delicate and super-thin gold leaf foil. The tomb room is 20 feet high and contains a death bed in the middle. The entire space is covered in gold leaf, which shows the contradiction between the Buddhist practice of nothingness and modesty and an expansive materialistic world. This space filled with shimmering gold leaf honors the nobility of life at its end and gives respect to death rather than to the fear of the unknown.


A family of single-switch fixed frequency zero-current-switching (ZCS) power converters having lossless switching and low output ripple using a coupled inductor are proposed. The operating principle is illustrated by the different operating modes and the state-space analysis of a modified ZCS fixed frequency buck power converter. Design curves are obtained and a design example is presented. SPICE simulation results obtained for varying load conditions for the power converter designed are presented to verify the theory.<<ETX>>


A 74-year-old man with a medical history of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia was diagnosed with distal oesophageal adenocarcinoma in June 2009. Prior to that the patient unintentionally lost 15 kg in 5 months and had difficulty swallowing both solids and liquids. An Oesophagectomy was performed, and he was subsequently treated with adjuvant chemotherapy including carboplatin, paclitaxel as well as radiation therapy.

In May 2012, positron emission tomography was performed which showed increased uptake in the left supraclavicular node and paraoesophageal nodes (T3N1M0). Biopsy was performed, which showed tumour recurrence, which was positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor …


Wave Front Phase Imaging (WFPI), a new wafer geometry technique, is presented, that acquires 7.65 million data points in 5 seconds on a full 300mm wafer providing lateral resolution of 96µm. The system has high repeatability with root-mean-square (RMS) standard deviation (σRMS) in the single digit nm for the global wafer geometry and in the sub ångström (Å = 10-10 m) range for the full-wafer nanotopography for both 200mm and 300mm blank silicon wafer. WFPI can collect data on the entire wafer to within a single pixel, in our case 96µm, away from the wafer edge roll off. The flatness of the silicon wafers used to manufacture integrated circuits (IC) is controlled to tight tolerances to help ensure that the full wafer is sufficiently flat for lithographic processing. Advanced lithographic patterning processes require a detailed map of the wafer shape to avoid overlay errors caused by depth-of-focus issues. We present WFPI as a new technique with high resolution and high data count acquired at very high speed.


ABSTRACT Kernel hardness of cereal grains is a fundamental phenotype, and various protocols for its characterization have been proposed. Although, from different perspectives, each has proved useful, these methods do not directly address the rheological (fracturing) response of a grain when subjected to compression. Such information is hidden in the individual crush response profiles (iCRPs) obtained by measuring the response of individual grains to crushing on an SKCS 4100 device. Here, the appropriateness and utility of rheological phenotypes, based on single-kernel measurements, are demonstrated by proposing and validating a new wheat grain hardness phenotype, the rheological hardness index (RHI). It is defined in terms of the rheological phenotype phases (RPPs) of the averaged CRPs (aCRPs) obtained by averaging a large number of iCRPs. The utility of RHI is illustrated by showing how it provides improved insight about the differences in brittleness and compactness of grains from different wheat variet...


A technique which may be useful for selecting strain gages for use in load equations is described. The technique is an adaptation of the previously used T-value method and is applied to a multispar structure. The technique, called the modified T-value method, is used to reduce the number of strain gages used in a load equation from twelve to two. A parallel reduction is made by calculating relative equation accuracies from three applied load distributions. The equations developed from the modified T-value method proved to be accurate more consistently than the T-value method.


The overview on the flash converting process for copper matte was conducted.The theory of flash converting technology was summarized.The progresses made in the technology commercialization were highlighted.The key issues related to the flash converting were analyzed such as energy consumption,ability to remove impurities,campaign lifetime,and comparison with PS converting and etc.The prospect over the technology was put forward.


RET control system is used to control antenna devices such as RCU,TMA.AISG2.0 protocol is an antenna interface standard designed to ensure compatibility and interoperability between antenna devices and control infrastructure.The design and implementation of RET control system based on AISG2.0 is discussed,including hardware structure and topology,master-slave communication,software architecture,realization method,and a thorough analysis for some core functions such as device scanning,software download and time-consuming procedure handling is also given.


A 53-year-old man was referred to the ENT department with a left parotid mass, detected as an incidental finding whilst consulting his GP for epistaxis. Following review by the ENT team he underwent ultrasound examination (Fig. 1). This demonstrated multiple hypo-echoic nodules measuring up to 10 mm in short axis diameter. The nodules appeared hypervascular on power Doppler examination. Much less extensive involvement of the right parotid was noted. The submandibular salivary glands were normal and there was no evidence of locally enlarged lymph nodes. In view of these findings, fine needle aspiration (FNA) was performed. Microscopy was consistent with a salivary neoplasm of acinic or ductal type, and excision to allow further assessment was advised.


The surge of demand of the Internet of Things (IoTs) poses more requirements for cellular communication systems, such as higher levels of reliability, latency and supported number of devices. A common scenario of IoT is massive machinetype communications (mMTC). The characteristics of mMTC, i.e. the massive number of sensors, small packets and sporadic transmission, require novel methods to detect the active devices, estimate their channel state information and recovery their data with high accuracy and low latency. In this paper, we propose a new compressive sensing based method to jointly conduct active device detection, channel estimation and data recovery. As a high level description of the proposed method, we improve the performance of active device detection and channel estimation by using side information brought from the data recovery, and improve the performance of data recovery in successive interference cancellation by using the side information brought from the active device detection. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method has improved data recovery performance.


The marine picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus represent a significant fraction of the global pelagic bacterioplankton community. Specifically, in the surface waters of the Red Sea, they account for around 91% of the phylum Cyanobacteria. Previous work suggested a widespread presence of high-light (HL)-adapted ecotypes in the Red Sea with the occurrence of low-light (LL)-adapted ecotypes at intermediate depths in the water column. To obtain a more comprehensive dataset over a wider biogeographical scope, we used a 454-pyrosequencing approach to analyze the diversity of the Prochlorococcus rpoC1 gene from a total of 113 samples at various depths (up to 500 m) from 45 stations spanning the Red Sea basin from north to south. In addition, we analyzed 45 metagenomes from eight stations using hidden Markov models based on a set of reference Prochlorococcus genomes to 1) estimate the relative abundance of Prochlorococcus based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, and 2) identify and classify rpoC1 sequences as an assessment of the community structure of Prochlorococcus in the northern, central and southern regions of the basin without amplification bias. Analyses of metagenomic data indicated that Prochlorococcus occurs at a relative abundance of around 9% in samples from surface waters (25, 50, 75 m), 3% in intermediate waters (100 m) and around 0.5% in deep-water samples (200 – 500 m). Results based on rpoC1 sequences using both methods showed that HL II cells dominate surface waters and were also present in deep-water samples. Prochlorococcus communities in intermediate waters (100 m) showed a higher diversity and co-occurrence of low-light and high-light ecotypes. Prochlorococcus communities at each depth range (surface, intermediate, deep sea) did not change significantly over the sampled transects spanning most of the Saudi waters in the Red Sea. Statistical analyses of rpoC1 sequences from metagenomes indicated that the vertical distribution of Prochlorococcus in the water column is correlated with physicochemical gradients: temperature and oxygen are positively correlated with HL II (R2= 0.71, p-value ≤ 0.05) while Chl a concentration, nutrient concentrations and salinity correlate with the prevalence of LL clades.


Water-absorptive properties of various combinations of starch, pregelatinized maize starch, talc, and zinc oxide dispersed in light liquid petrolatum were investigated. The suction orce and mercury rise were measured in terms of millibars with a tensiometer. The performance of these dispersions was evaluated in terms of two estimated parameters, α^ and β^, which were related to absorption rate and absorptive capacity, respectively. Water-absorptive capacity varied in a predictable way while absorption rate did not. Zinc oxide had the highest absorptive capacity. Some interaction among the powders was noted by a decrease in suction force when various ones were mixed together.


Objective:To figure out the effect of the methylene blue injection application after procedure for polapse and hemorrhoids.Methods:124 patients after procedure for polapse and hemorrhoids were randomly divided into control group(65 patients) and intervention group(59 patients).The patients in intervention group got methylene blue injections on external piles surface,while the patients in control group were injected with physiologic saline.The rate of adverse reaction,pain,and external piles surface's healing time were compared with the two groups.Results:Pain in intervention group were better than that of the control group(p0.05).There was no statistical difference in uroschesis rate,perianal skin edema rate,and external piles surface's healing time between the two groups(all ps0.05).Conclusion:The effect of the methylene blue injection after procedure for polapse and hemorrhoids was positive,with few adverse reactions,which should be widely used.


Based on a narrative of the recent history of postcolonial feminism within and outside the Swedish academic world, this article discusses the controversial relationship between feminism and politics. Installing a socialist inspired perspective on intersectionality in Swedish feminist debates and in gender research has been a hard task for postcolonial feminists in a society whose self-imagination excludes the recognition of racism as a fundamental component of the national identity. Moreover, as the country moves rapidly towards a neoliberalization of the former Keynesian Swedish welfare state, racism and homo-nationalism spreads out and permeates the political sphere and state institutions. The author emphasizes the importance for postcolonial feminists to continuously highlight the chasm that exists between neoliberal understandings of gender equality, which are not meant to eradicate structural class, gender, racial or other social inequalities, and those emanating from socialist and anti-racist feministic ontologies.


Geographic information systems (GIS) are defined and discussed both in general and specifically with reference to their applications in three distinct modalities. These are, firstly, the application of computer mapping and spatial analysis technologies encompassed by the term GIS in counter terrorism. Secondly, the potential for misuse of GIS technologies in both terrorism in general and more specifically the unique vulnerabilities of these suites of complex programs and the huge and sophisticated datasets that are managed by GIS programs to exploitation and damage by cyber terrorists. Lastly the ways in which these terrorist threats to geo-spatial infrastructure can be detected, avoided and minimized will be discussed.


China is about the size of the United States. Three major rivers, the Huanghe in the north, the Yangtze in the middle and the Pearl in the south, all flow from west to the east. Moreover, most of China is mountainous. Building any highway and railway will require many major bridges over these rivers and gorges. The modernization of China calls for seven major east-west highways and five north-south highways. Currently, China has about 1.95 million kilometers of highways and 41,000 kilometers of freeways. It is estimated that by 2010, these numbers will increase to 2.30 million and 65,000. And by 2020, China will have 3.00 million kilometers of highways and 85,000 kilometers of freeways. Undoubtedly, there will be many major bridges along these routes.


compound X chromosome consists of two X chromosomes joined to form a A single chromosome containing one centromere, two euchromatically complete (or almost complete) X chromosome elements, and heterochromatic regions whose distribution can be specified but whose content is uncertain (NOVITSKI 1954). The elements of a compound may be in reversed or tandem sequence, the centromere may be between the elements or at one end, and there may or may not be free ends. Thus there are four compounds with free ends: the attached-)(: or reversed metacentric (reversed sequence, median centromere), the reversed acrocentric (reversed sequence, subterminal centromere), the tandem metacentric (tandem sequence, median centromere), and the tandem acrocentric (tandem sequence, subterminal centromere). There are also two compound rings-the reversed compound ring X chromosome and the tandem compound ring X chromosome. All of the compounds have been synthesized and preliminary studies made by NOVITSKI ( 1954). Of the six compounds, four have been extensively analyzed. These are the attached-X, the tandem metacentric, the reversed acrocentric, and the reversed ring. The results from attached-X (e.g., BEADLE and EMERSON 1935) and tandem metacentric ( STURTEVANT and BEADLE 1936; NOVITSKI 1951 ) compound chromosomes may be summarized simply by noting that they behave, with respect to exchange, the way they would be expected to behave, based on studies of exchange in normal free X chromosomes. Reversed acrocentrics and reversed rings, on the other hand, behave alike but exhibit an exchange distribution very different from that of free X chromosomes. Here, approximately 10 percent of the tetrads have a single exchange, and the remainder have either no exchanges or two exchanges with approximately equal frequency ( SANDLER 1954,1957). NOVITSKI (1954) and NOVITSKI and SANDLER (1956) have collected data from a tandem acrocentric compound that had the long arm of the Y chromosome appended to the centromere of the compound as a second arm. The data, as will be shown below, indicate that such a compound exhibits a distribution of tetrads with respect to rank that is comparable to that of free X's. However, it has been shown (SANDLER 1958) that while reversed acrocentrics without the long arm of the Y


We used neural networks in ~3,000 sleep recordings from over 10 locations to automate sleep stage scoring, producing a probability distribution called an hypnodensity graph. Accuracy was validated in 70 subjects scored by six technicians (gold standard). Our best model performed better than any individual scorer, reaching an accuracy of 0.87 (and 0.95 when predictions are weighed by scorer agreement). It also scores sleep stages down to 5-second instead of the conventional 30-second scoring-epochs. Accuracy did not vary by sleep disorder except for narcolepsy, suggesting scoring difficulties by machine and/or humans. A narcolepsy biomarker was extracted and validated in 105 type-1 narcoleptics versus 331 controls producing a specificity of 0.96 and a sensitivity of 0.91. Similar performances were obtained against a high pretest probability sample of type-2 narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia patients. Addition of HLA-DQB1*06:02 increased specificity to 0.99. Our method streamlines scoring and diagnoses narcolepsy accurately.


The main purpose of this paper is to discuss certain correlations, particularly between people's trust in government and government officials and their opinion on personal security. This paper also approaches a widespread subject in the media in the past few years: cell phone listening. The main purpose was to study the degree to which public opinion affects some socio-demographic variables. The concept of conspiracy theories has also been analysed here in order to identify how it further affects the statistics. All analysis presented here is based on the data gathered by LARICS – Inscop Research at the beginning of 2018 for the Barometer of Security Culture.


to one of two groups based on their body mass index, 25 athletes for obese group (BMI: ≥ 30) and 50 athletes for overweight group (BMI: 25-29.9). The Sagittal and Frontal planes were photographed using a plumb line and a symmetrograph®, and then deviations of the postural key points were investigated on the images. Results: Athletes in both groups only had normal posture in the head, cervical and lumbar vertebral levels in the frontal plane, and also the deviations in obese athletes in the sagittal plane at the level of the thoracic vertebral ( P =0.008), and in the frontal plane at the level of the leg ( P =0.019) and the scapula ( P =0.029) were significantly lower than those of overweight athletes. the obese athletes may be protected against the injurious forces due to the greater muscle mass.


Background: Iron deficiency is common after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, but there is no consensus on the optimal diet quality and quantity for restoring and preserving iron status. Objectives: The authors explored the impact of dietary and supplemental sources of iron and absorptive factors on iron status. Setting: Academic, United States. Methods: In a cross-sectional cohort of individuals who underwent RYGB, nutrient intakes from food and supplements were measured using 3-day food records. Blood biomarkers of iron status, including concentrations of ferritin, total iron binding capacity, serum transferrin receptor (sTfR), and the sTfR:ferritin ratio, were assessed by a reference laboratory; iron deficiency was defined as having at least 2 abnormal measures. Associations between iron status biomarkers and dietary predictors were determined using regression analysis. Results: Of the 36 participants, 97% were female, the mean age was 45 years (95% confidence interval, 41–48 years), and body mass index was 32 (30–35) kg/m 2 . Iron deficiency was found in 42% of participants. Dietary intake of heme iron, found in meats, was favorably associated with 3 iron status biomarkers (ferritin, β ¼ .366; sTfR:ferritin ratio, β ¼ –.459; and total iron binding capacity, β ¼ –18.26; all P o .05), independent of obesity-induced inflammation. Intake of vitamin C from food contributed to iron status (ferritin, β ¼ .010 and sTfR:ferritin ratio, β ¼ –.011; P o .05). Use of supplementary non-heme iron, at doses recommended for prophylaxis (45 mg/d), was positively associated with serum ferritin (β ¼ .964; P ¼ .029). Conclusions: For patients who have undergone RYGB, consuming high, but realistic amounts of heme iron in meat, vitamin C from food, and adherence to recommended iron supplements can prevent iron deficiency. (Surg Obes Relat Dis 2016;12:651–658.) r 2016 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. All rights reserved.


Abstract: Medicinal product manufacturing requires regulatory agency oversight to ensure that the products are safe for patients. Regulations require that laboratories and production facilities be constructed and maintained according to strict requirements for continued cleanliness. Employees in these facilities must be specially trained and their work monitored during the manufacturing process. The documentation required to be compliant with these regulations helps to ensure that the product is made the same way every time. If there is a problem with the performance of the product, this same documentation can be used during an investigation to find the cause and take any necessary corrective actions. This chapter will cover the general requirements for manufacturing TE/RM products in a regulatory compliant manner.


The nature and function of the productions extracted from the mutton waste are mainly introduced,including:thrombin,superoxide dismutase,hemoglobin,bone protein and so on.Some new ideas for rational utilization of sheep blood and bone are put forward.


Introduction Occupational therapists believe that meaningful occupations are linked to an individual's health and wellbeing, and there is a growing literature exploring the personal meaning of specific occupations. However, few of these studies have focused on the personal meaning of active sporting occupations and their therapeutic benefits. This study aimed to explore the personal meanings attributed to the occupation of cycling, with a view to providing occupational therapists and others with an understanding of its therapeutic potential. Method Following approval by an ethics committee, seven men and women who cycled regularly took part in semi-structured interviews. These interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to interpret the data. Findings The findings describe how and why cycling was meaningful. Cycling altered their mind-set and their emotions, contributed towards their identity and connected them to others. These themes concur with the findings of other studies and provide a rationale for their use therapeutically. Conclusion This study contributes to what is known about the value people derive from cycling, and its impact on their health and wellbeing. Occupational therapists can use this information for individual and group therapy as well as for guidance on the health and wellbeing of communities.


Sharing physiotherapy knowledge about rare diseases – the strategy of National Neuromuscular Centre Norway A. Fadnes, A. R. Dybesland, H. A. Hæstad and I. Lund Department of Physiotherapy, University Hospital North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; National Neuromuscular Centre Norway, University Hospital North Norway, Tromsø, Norway


In recent decades, the use of two-wheelers (motorcycles and bicycles) for travel has become an alternative to cumbersome and polluting modes, in many cities around the world and especially in developed countries. It offers several advantages. It is less polluting, less expensive and less cumbersome, especially compared to the private car. In Sfax city, and compared to other Tunisian cities, the use of two-wheelers is a specific aspect of travel. But over the past two decades, this phenomenon has continued to decline. The main objective of this article is to assess the current situation of the use of both motorized and non-motorized wheelers in the Great Sfax. It aims first of all, to show the importance of the use of this mode in this city, compared to other means of transport. It presents the trend of this mode since the 1980s. He also explains the advantages and disadvantages of this mode and the various factors explaining the decline in its use. Next, it shows its spatial distribution by movement pattern. It also determines, in a third place, the differences in practices of this mode among the Sfaxiens according to their opportunities and their strategy of displacement. Finally, we propose some alternatives to encourage the use of travel mode. Based on this research, we found that the use of two-wheelers is a Sfaxian practice of some importance in terms of mobility. Two-wheelers flows are of great importance in all road transport flows. Admittedly, this importance has been declining over the past two decades. The decline in the development of the two-wheelers can be


Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Statutory grant for Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.

 Serum osmolarity seems to be an important factor regulating the control of volume status and diuretic response in patients with Acute Heart Failure (AHF). Nevertheless, data on it's clinical significance in this population is limited.

 We aim to evaluate serum osmolarity associations with decongestion rate and clinical outcomes in patients with AHF.

 Serum osmolarity was determined in Arterial Blood Gases at admission in patients with AHF hospitalized in a single cardiology center. The endpoints of the study are: decongestion rate and one-year mortality.
 Decongestion rate was defined as body weight change between admission and discharge (kg) divided by number of days of hospital stay. Study group was divided into tertiles according to serum osmolarity – A: <277 mmol/kg; B: 277-285 mmol/kg; C: >285 mmol/kg.

 Study group consisted of 319 patients, average age 68±13 years, 240 (75%) men. Mean left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) was 34±14%. Patients with lowest osmolarity (tertile A) were younger and had lower EF when compared to the other tertiles (B and C) (65±15 vs. 70±13 vs. 71±12 years, respectively, p=0.028) and (30±14 vs. 36±14 vs. 36±13; p=0.001), respectively. Patients with higher osmolarity had greater baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure values (114±24/71±13 vs 133±26/78±14 vs 140±35/121±16 mmHg; p<0.001/p<0.001). There was U-shape relationship between serum lactate concentration at admission and osmolarity tertiles: (2.0 [1.6-2.7] vs 1.6 [1.4-2.2] vs 2.1 [1.6-2.7] mmol/l, respectively; p<0.001). NT-proBNP at discharge was higher in group A (4082 [2405-8324] vs 2827 [1519-5271] vs 2392 [1386-5631] pg/ml, p=0.001). During hospitalization tertile A more often required inotropic support vs tertile B and C (29% vs 4% vs 4%; p<0.001). There was a difference of body weight change from admission till discharge between the tertiles, with tertile B having the highest weight loss when compared to the other tertiles: (3 [1-5] vs. 4 [2-6] vs. 2 [0-4] kg; p=0.004). Tertile A was characterized by the longest hospital stay in comparison the rest of the population (7 [6-13] vs. 7 [5-9] vs. 7 [5-8] days; p=0.043). There was a U-shape relation between serum osmolarity and decongestion rate. The rate of decongestion were significantly slower in patients with the lowest and the highest osmolarity (tertile A and C): (0.26 [0.08-0.50] vs 0.57 [0.17-1.0] vs 0.25 [0.04-0.53] kg/day; p=0.002), respectively. The tertile A had the highest one-year mortality, when compared to the other groups (53% vs. 33% vs. 28%; p<0.001). Moreover, the serum osmolarity itself as a continuous value had prognostic significance HR (95% confidence interval): 0.96 (0.94-0.97), p<0.001.

 Serum osmolarity assessed at admission to the hospital is associate with the decongestion rate and one-year mortality in AHF patients and thus may help identify high risk population.


Erosion from unpaved roads and trails can be a significant contributor of sediment within a watershed. In tropical watersheds this contribution is particularly high since these regions typically have extensive networks of unpaved roads. Such regions have seasons of heavy rain, erodible soils, and little maintenance of the road bed. While current erosion prediction models have been used to simulate road erosion, there has been little comparison between models. This study seeks to compare available road erosion prediction models based on their temporal and spatial scales, representation of erodible features and processes, data requirements, ability to simulate management practices, applicability to tropical environments, ease of use, and level of output. A 13 km2 mixed land use watershed in Eastern Brazil is used as case study area for model comparison. Field observations provide data for the input parameters of the models as well as identify which roads appeared to be the highest contributors of sediment within the watershed. The road segments identified by the models to have high erosion and delivery potential, will be compared to those chosen through field observations. Through this comparison, the erosion prediction models will be evaluated as to their applicability to the Alegre watershed.


. The purpose of this note is to introduce primitive ideals of noncommutative semigroups and study some topological aspects of the corresponding structure spaces.


A common custom when greeting each other in English is to respond with the phrase 'I'm fine', even when this is not so. Historically, the English have a reputation for stoicism, and the legacy of this can still be seen in gender norms that promote hegemonic masculinity and the notion of the 'superwoman' who can juggle demands of home and work without being fazed. The impact of the pandemic on mental health has led to a nation beset by loss and adversity and we must now make space for people's authentic responses, even when they are not 'fine'.


Cyclization of amino acid hydrazide afforded a new class of heteroatom activated β-lactams. These compounds are potent parent nuclei which possess significant biological activity


This document is a compilation of characterization data for the AGR-1 vriant 3 fuel compact lot LEU01-49T-Z. The compacts were produced by ORNL for the Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification (AGR) program for the first AGR irradiation test train (AGR-1). This compact lot was fabricated using particle composite LEU01-49T, which was a composite of three batches of TRISO-coated 350 {micro}m diameter 19.7% low enrichment uranium oxide/uranium carbide kernels (LEUCO). The AGR-1 TRISO-coated particles consist of a spherical kernel coated with an {approx} 50% dense carbon buffer layer (100 {micro}m nominal thickness), followed by a dense inner pyrocarbon layer (40 {micro}m nominal thickness), followed by a SiC layer (35 {micro}m nominal thickness), followed by another dense outer pyrocarbon layer (40 {micro}m nominal thickness). The kernels were obtained from BWXT and identified as composite G73D-20-69302. The BWXT kernel lot G73D-20-69302 was riffled into sublots for characterization and coating by ORNL and identified as LEU01-?? (where ?? is a series of integers beginning with 01). A data compilation for the AGR-1 variant 3 coated particle composite LEU01-49t CAN BE FOUND IN ornl/tm-2006/022.


AbstractThe present study investigates the roles of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) in the relationship between the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and the following East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). The variability of the EAWM is divided into an ENSO-related part named EAWMEN and an ENSO-unrelated part named EAWMres. Corresponding to a weak EAWMEN, an anomalous low-level anticyclone forms over the western North Pacific (WNP) and persists from winter to the following summer. This anticyclone enhances southerlies over the coast of East Asia in summer. Hence, a weak EAWMEN tends to be followed by a strong EASM and vice versa. As such, a link is established between the EAWMEN and the EASM. The persistence of this WNP anticyclone may be mainly attributed to the sea surface temperature anomalies associated with the ENSO-related EAWM part in the tropical Indian Ocean and the extratropical North Pacific. In contrast, corresponding to a weak EAWMres, the anomalous WN...


The chromosomal localization of four newly isolated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family genes was determined by the combined use of the Southern blot hybridization of hybrid cells and cell sorted chromosome DNAs, and in situ hybridization. CEA, one of the most widely used human tumor markers, is a member of a gene family comprising over 10 closely-related genes and constitutes a subfamily within the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily. Recent success of analysis at molecular level revealed that nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) and pregnancy specific β1-glycoprotein. (PSβG) also belong to the CEA gene family. We mapped CEA, NCA, and two different PSβG genes to chromosome 19 at band q13.2. These results suggest that almost all CEA family genes are located within a limited region on chromosome 19 in a manner similar to the major histocompatibility (MHC) genes, which also belong to the Ig superfamily, and which are localized within bands p21.1-p21.3 on chromosome 6.


The invention discloses an automatic packing device for potted flower cap bags and system equipment thereof. The device comprises a rack, an electric control box, a manipulator unit device capable of finishing serial continuing actions of grabbing, carrying and bag dropping for fed potted flowers and arranged above a working tabletop of the fed potted flowers, a bag supporting mechanism capable of implementing serial continuing actions of absorption, supporting and static electricity removal for the potted flowers by using packing bags, and a clamping jaw unit device capable of implementing serial continuing actions of clamping, carrying and placement for the bagged potted flowers, wherein manipulators of the manipulator unit device do fixed-travel reciprocal movements in transverse and longitudinal directions dependent on a first electric sliding table set; the bag supporting mechanism comprises one set of vacuum suckers, a supporting plate for the packing bags, and an electrostatic eliminator; the vacuum suckers do fixed-travel reciprocal movements in the horizontal direction following up sliding blocks of a second electric sliding table; and the clamping jaw unit comprises a cylinder, and one set of pneumatic hand jaws driven by the cylinder and capable of realizing opening and closing actions. The device can realize the automatic packing of the potted flower cap bags.


STRESSED? Who isn't? Indeed, as a qualified nurse coping with endless demands on your time, skills and patience, you might well shrug your shoulders in disbelief that students are particularly stressed. In which case, if you are a qualified nurse you might be part of the problem. No Limits, our special supplement for students, offers some practical advice on how to handle stress. There is a reminder of research carried out in Scotland showing that students suffer more stress than qualified nurses, and a comment that there is no reason to believe the situation is any different in the rest of the UK.


The purpose of this paper is to defend a sound old doctrine against a brilliant, amusing and superficially plausible attack by Professor Daube. The doctrine is that propounded – admittedly in an extreme form – by Sir Henry Maine, that Roman society had a 'singular horror of intestacy', a 'passion for testacy'; in his Gray Lectures of 1966, summing up a rather fuller case made in Tulane Law Review, 1965, Professor Daube claimed to demonstrate that the evidence for this doctrine was ludicrously inadequate and the notion in any case a priori absurd. His judgement has been endorsed, with some corroborative arguments, by Professor Watson, and has achieved the approval of Professor Brunt. According to Daube the case in favour of the view that Romans usually made wills and had a dread of dying intestate consists of the following 'chief' arguments: that in the Twelve Tables a person who has not made a will is called intestatus, and the negative form of the word implies that it is the exception; secondly that, in Plutarch's famous story, the elder Cato said that one of the three things he regretted in life was to have spent a single day ἀδιάθετος, and finally that in Plautus' Curculio a man is cursed with the words intestatus vivito. With these three arguments Daube has – and gives – a good deal of fun, claiming, in the upshot, to have blown them all sky-high and thus to have demolished the entire positive case for the old view.


Recently, manuscripts that use bioinformatics tools to convert proteins and other biological materials into music have appeared in several journals. The authors claim that this type of studies adds joy to education of life sciences and attract public attention to biochemistry education along with other uses. We thought the reverse of the process might also be possible for the purpose. We converted notes into amino acids depending on the decreasing hydrophobicity and by using the famous nursery song "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" notes, a hypothetical protein sequence was obtained. Three‐dimensional structures were modeled by I‐Tasser Protein Structure and Function Prediction server and the structure of the possible models were investigated. This Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Math (STEAM) approach may bring fun to protein structure education. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(6):669–671, 2019.


A model of the computer simulated phase angle trimming procedure basing on the vibration system analyses of Free-piston Stirling refrigerator(FPST) with two freedom has been established


The special type of casing treatment with different stepped tip gaps was designed and investigated in a high speed centrifugal compressor. Six casing geometries with different step profiles at different clearance levels were numerically investigated. From comparing the computational results,it is concluded that the variety of the stepped tip gap in radial dimension affects the performance of compressor obviously,but the stall margin is expanded. The efficiency,total pressure radio and the stall margin are reduced all when the stepped tip gap is expanded in axial dimension. The mechanism of stall margin improvement is gained finally from the analysis of the flow field at tip of blades.


This paper reviews mainly on PBL online teaching model and some online teaching practice to explore the necessity that students are supposed to acquire. The paper first introduces the conception of meta-learning skills which can be highly described as learning skills in the process of students' learning. Then, background and objectives on PBL are given in the main body to bring an initial comprehension of PBL learning. The destination of cultivating students' capacity is to facilitate them to tackle real-life scenarios. In addition, the paper takes the case of University of Hong Kong and Wuhan Polytechnic as examples of online teaching to analyze how to carry out the practice of online teaching based on the teaching mode of Project-Based Learning (PBL), and then demonstrates advantages concerning independent ability, communication and collaboration ability and reflection competences, and then summarize this online PBL teaching mode.


Background: The Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) is a type of helicopter rescue whose purpose is to optimize health care by operating in parallel and in synergy with the ground network of emergency vehicles to ensure complete coverage of the territory. In Liguria Region, in addition to an established agreement with the Fire Department for a Helicopter Emergency Technical Medical Service (HETMS), from July 2020, a second main helicopter of the private company AirGreen has been introduced. Here, we have carried out an analysis of the activity data on HEMS and medical cars to optimize the cost-effectiveness and highlight the qualitative evolution of the services after the introduction of the second helicopter. Moreover, we have designed a tool to drive the choice of which type of helicopter rescue to use in our Region from time to time. Methods: The data studied, derived from the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS), were provided by the Regional Department of Territorial Health Emergency located at the IRCCS San Martino institute in Genoa. Data were organized into two separate databases, one related to helicopters (1491 rows and 18 columns) and the other related to medical car trips (70130 rows and 21 columns), and then analyzed by using Microsoft Excel software. Results: From the data processing, we have observed a significant increase in helicopter rescue service, which roughly doubled despite the impact of the pandemic, a clear distribution of the service between the Riviera di Ponente (mainly served by the private company AirGreen) and the Riviera del Levante (mainly served by the Fire Department) and a management of "secondary transport" mostly handled by the private sector. On the other hand, medical-car data are too affected by the impact of the pandemic to be able to highlight a change in service following the introduction of the second helicopter. Focusing on efficiency, we remarked that both services are activated primarily for high severity and priority events. Conclusions: These studies have allowed us to prove graphically and in the regional context the management of helicopter rescue and to hypothesize changes that could optimize the effectiveness and efficiency of the service. In order to achieve this aim, it is considered necessary to create a mathematical model to support decision-making and help to estimate, through objective parameters, which emergency vehicles, between the two main helicopter and the medical cars, should preferentially be activated in case of need.


Functioning of the steady market relations in our state is closely connected with formation and development of market of educational services. Acceptance of education as services and its entry into the market assumes turning on of market levers, including the financial relations between objects of market of educational services. Educational services, as any other goods, are realized in market, which is understood as set of the existing and potential buyers and sellers of goods. In this article the condition of educational services market at the regional level is described: the key trends and indicators of development, on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. To assess the potential of educational services market of Nizhny Novgorod region some indicators of the higher education system are considered, such as the structure of reception and graduation from higher educational institutions and the dynamics of students' contingent. The factors, actively operating and affecting the market situation and the development of higher education in the region are revealed. Also it is concluded that for higher educational organizations of Nizhny Novgorod region in conditions of financial and economic instability effective measures to reduce tensions on the labour market can be measures aimed at re-skilling workers and obtaining marketable skills by unemployed.


A discrete-time stochastic model is often used to describe a natural animal, pest, or epidemic population. Control action, representing harvesting, exterminating, etc., can be taken periodically to reduce the current population level, and so modify its future growth. Dynamic programming can be used to determine optimal control policies for models where growth and control produce economically measurable benefits and/or costs. When controlling action incurs a setup charge plus a cost component linear in the amount of state reduction produced, the optimal policy is found to be characterized by a pair sn, Sn, where reduction is made in period n to state sn if the native population is found to be above state Sn. Analogy with inventory theory is exploited in proving the result.


Three-carbon highly functionalized γ-borylated allylic acetates underwent a regio- and stereocontrolled Tsuji-Trost reaction in the presence of palladium complexes. An ipso substitution of the acetate with complete stereoretention of the chiral center was achieved, leading to vinylic boronates with enantiomeric excesses above 99%.


Objective To understand the association between Asp299Gly polymorphism in TLR4 gene and digestive system tumors.Methods Literatures concerning the aforementioned topic were collected from database in Chinese and English.The pooled ORs were calculated in the reasonable model(fixed effect model or random effect model) according to heterogeneity analysis by Stata version 10.0.Sensitivity analysis and publication basis were performed.Results Twelve case-control studies in ten literatures met the criteria.After excluding an article that deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls,the meta-analysis results showed the pooled ORs of genotype AG+GG/AA and allele G/A of case vs.control on Asp299Gly and digestive system tumor were 1.29(95%CI:0.89-1.86)(P=0.18),1.44(95%CI:0.92-2.27)(P=0.11),respectively.And the pooled ORs of genotype AG+GG/AA and allele G/A of case vs.control on Asp299Gly and gastric cancer were 1.77(95%CI:1.34-2.34)(P0.05),1.76(95%CI:1.35-2.30)(P0.05),respectively.Conclusion The G allele of TLR4 gene Asp299Gly polymorphism may increase the risk of gastric cancer,but may not associate with other-type tumors of digestive system.


Complementary food from blends of orange flesh sweet potatoes (Ipomea batata) (OFSP) starch, soybean (Glycine max) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea) flour was formulated and evaluated for physicochemical, functional and pasting properties. The blends of OFSP starch, soybean and groundnut flour were in the ratios of (OFSP:SB:GN): 90:5:5, 85:10:5, 80:15:5, 75:20:5, 70:25:5, 65:30:5, 60:35:5, 55:40:5, 50:45:5 for PSB1 – PSB9, while 100 % OFSP served as control. Standard analytical methods were used for all analysis. pH (4.60 – 5.69), sugar (0.71 - 3.63 %) and amylopectin (70.28 - 85.34 %) increased significantly (P≤0.05) while starch (69.09 - 87.53 %) and amylose (29.97 - 14.65) decreased with increase in soybean flour addition. Carotenoid content (11.08 – 44.60 mg/kg) will meet >200% of recommended Vitamin A requirement for infants. Bulk density, water absorption capacity, swelling power, solubility index and dispersibility ranged respectively from 0.71 - 0.83 g/ml, 0.59 - 1.35, 9.12 - 14.48, 5.57 - 9.45 and 76.00 – 80.00 %. The peak, trough, breakdown, final and setback viscosities varied significantly (P≤0.05) from 127.5 - 7291.0, 95.3 - 4332.0, 32.3 - 2959.0, 129.0 -6159.0 and 33.79 - 1827.0 RVU respectively. Increase in pH and sugar, decrease in starch, bulk density and reduction in viscosities of the complementary food with increase in soybean flour addition is very important in achieving a near neutral and high nutrient dense gruel yet thin enough for infant feeding.


Effective integration of project teams is considered key to employee satisfaction and long term commitment, which in turn enhances organisational effectiveness. It is important that heavy engineering organisations understand how to influence the process to ensure that project teams integrate satisfactorily for the benefit of both employee and organisation. This paper examined factors which influence team integration. A case study company, typical of many organisations in the engineering sector was used to analyse factors in a work scenario. Interviews, questionnaires and observation techniques were used to obtain data with internet-mediated questionnaires forming the prime source of data. Team integration was found to be closely linked to job satisfaction. However, it did not have as notable affect on organisational commitment nor performance. Top management expressed an integrationist perspective in their corporate strategy, lower management adopted a differentiationist perspective with a focus on team goals and objectives rather than corporate goals and objectives.


OBJECT
We examined the relationship between syndromic surveillance and laboratory confirmation, at an early stage of an outbreak of hand foot and mouth disease and RS virus infection.

METHOD
We observed the epidemiological situation from a surveillance system at a day care facility for young children in Tokyo from one week before onset of the indicator until one month thereafter. For laboratory diagnosis, we collected a rectal swab or a nasal swab from one patient in the early stage of the outbreak.

RESULT
A total of 20 patients, comprising 12 1-year-old, 5 2-year-old and 3 3-year-old children, were found to have hand foot and mouth disease on August 1st, 2011. From a rectal swab from one HFMD patient, enterovirus genome was detected and identified as coxsackievirus type A6 (CA6) with PCR sequencing. The CA6 had 99% identity to CA6 (Genbank No AB663318) in the VP4 coding region. RS virus also was detected from a nasal swab.

DISCUSSION
The establishment of a surveillance system at day care facilities for children can monitor infectious diseases among young children promptly. Laboratory confirmation, even though from only one patient as shown in this study, can provide critical information regarding the causative agent of the outbreak. This method is easy to conduct and could be used for activating appropriate countermeasures.

CONCLUSION
We believe that the combination of the timeliness of a surveillance system at day care facility for children and the convenience of laboratory diagnosis of even one patient can detect the causative pathogen, and thus enable the activation of countermeasures before an outbreak become widespread.


Given the aging population and its demands on healthcare systems worldwide, the long-term care sector is being particularly challenged. Most countries are witnessing a changing profile of long-term care residents, with residents entering long-term care very frail with multiple co-morbidities, resulting in more complex care for staff to manage.1 Moreover, the length of stay for residents are shorter than ever before, and long-term care homes are becoming more hospice-like; but unlike hospices, they are heavily regulated with little flexibility to provide personcentered care. Even more troubling is the fact that capacity within long-term care homes has not progressed at the same pace to meet the acuity level of this growing population, nor are they equipped to implement a palliative approach to care, which is evidenced by numerous reports of poor outcomes and costly reliance on hospitals to manage care for residents at end of life. Fortunately, both researchers and national funding agencies are beginning to recognize and respond to this emerging "crisis" within healthcare systems across countries with some large initiatives being implemented and evaluated, most recently the Palliative Care for Older People (PACE) Steps to Success Program that was implemented in nine European countries,2 the Strengthening a Palliative Approach in Long Term Care (SPA-LTC) program in Canada,3 and the Palliative Toolkit for Care Homes in Australia.4 Despite the development of these evidencebased palliative programs, there have been some challenges related to how to best implement them in light of the inherent complexities within long-term care. The current trend to bring research close to practice has certainly benefited this sector as funding agencies are supporting complex interventions to create sustainable changes within the healthcare system. Complex interventions, such as implementing a palliative intervention, need to be contextualized and tailored to accommodate the unique needs of both the staff and residents within long-term care. In this issue of Palliative Medicine, Collingridge Moore et al.5 identified, based on a scoping review, four key implementation strategies, including the following: (1) facilitation (internally and externally), (2) education and training, (3) internal engagement (e.g. onsite champion teams), and (4) external engagement (e.g. palliative consultants who work outside of the long-term care sector). As Collingridge Moore et al. state, one of the key elements to implementing complex interventions is providing education and training to those who will be involved. However, this can be challenging in long-term care, given the lack of funding and resources within this sector. As well, the hierarchical nature of staff within long-term care creates imbalances in the types of healthcare providers who are supported to attend formal education. What we have witnessed in our work in Canada is that healthcare providers who attend the education events (e.g. nurses, physicians) are not necessarily the ones who spend the most time with residents and their families, nor are they ones who can benefit the most from educational offerings. Rather, it is the support staff and personal support workers/care aides who report the lowest levels of comfort with engaging with residents and families in palliative/end-of-life discussions,6 yet they are the ones with whom families and residents feel most comfortable with having these kinds of conversations as these discussions are likely to emerge naturally during the great deal of time they spend together throughout the day. Moreover, the most pressing challenge that seems to plague most of the intervention studies that include an educational component is how to reach the majority of staff, including the personal support workers/care aides who spend the most time at the bedside and yet receive the least amount of education. Traditionally, the "Trainthe-Trainer" approach has been used whereby a core group of staff are educated with the intention that they will then train the other staff in the home.2 Although this model should work in theory, often it leads to only a select few being trained. Clearly, more support is needed to train all staff after the Train-the-trainer education has occurred. To do this, however, barriers to accessing facility-wide education and training need to be minimized, and education needs to accommodate all levels of staff, including care aides. Although most would agree that inperson education is best, given the financial barriers that currently exist, consideration should be given to online or a hybrid of in-person and online modules, which is 916118 PMJ0010.1177/0269216320916118Palliative MedicineEditorial editorial2020


OBJECTIVE
To examine the relationship between insurance market structure and health care prices, utilization, and spending.

DATA SOURCES
Claims for 37.6 million privately insured employees and their dependents from the Truven Health Market Scan Database in 2009. Measures of insurer market structure derived from Health Leaders Inter study data.

METHODS
Regression models are used to estimate the association between insurance market concentration and health care spending, utilization, and price, adjusting for differences in patient characteristics and other market-level traits.

RESULTS
Insurance market concentration is inversely related to prices and spending, but positively related to utilization. Our results imply that, after adjusting for input price differences, a market with two equal size insurers is associated with 3.9 percent lower medical care spending per capita (p = .002) and 5.0 percent lower prices for health care services relative to one with three equal size insurers (p < .001).

CONCLUSION
Greater fragmentation in the insurance market might lead to higher prices and higher spending for care, suggesting some of the gains from insurer competition may be absorbed by higher prices for health care. Greater attention to prices and utilization in the provider market may need to accompany procompetitive insurance market strategies.


Although all women's career development has been largely ignored, gifted women, in particular, have been virtually invisible within the career field. Many people assume that choosing a career should be easy for women with high intelligence and multiple gifts; however, the challenges to occupational choice for gifted women are frequently amplified because they are expected to use their talents while conforming to societal expectations of them as women. In this article, the authors seek to enhance awareness of some of these issues by first discussing one gifted woman's difficulties and then addressing treatment issues, using an ecological perspective. Gifted women, in particular, have been virtually invisible within the career field. Many people assume that choosing a career should be easy for gifted women but the reality is that the challenges to occupational choice for gifted women frequently are amplified. As the case study of Jenna shows, gender role socialization, circumscription of choices at the microsystem and macrosystem levels, internalized expectations, and uncertainty about how to successfully balance multiple roles are just some of the barriers that restrict the career development of gifted women. Thus, instead of being easier, career choice becomes much more complicated. Jenna needs assistance is combating these difficulties; consequently, a case conceptualization and counseling strategies that will assist in treatment are provided. Case Exam Hi! My name is Jenna, and I'm 17 years old. I'm starting my senior year of high school and starting to think about what I want to do about a career. Right now, all I feel is confused about what I want to do with my life. You see, all my life I've been the "brain" of the school. I've never thought that I was much smarter than anyone else. I just work harder and get lucky with my studies. However, because I do pretty well in all my classes, people expect me to do something important like be a surgeon or a great writer or something. However, no one seems to have any advice on which career I should pursue. My parents are pretty supportive. They tell me I can do whatever I want, to pursue my dreams. This feels good, but it doesn't help me make any decisions. My dad's a lawyer and my mom's a nurse, so these are pretty much the only two careers I know much about. Some of the things that I've mentioned to them, like law school or environmental science, they don't seem to think are very good ideas. My mom says that being a lawyer would be really stressful and hard to balance with having kids. Because I want to be able to "do it all," I'd like to try to find a career that allows me to be flexible with family. My dad doesn't think that science is my strong point; he'd rather see me become a professor in something like history. I like history, but science seems like it might be more practical to me. Science classes always make me a little leery anyway. I mean, I always do really well in them, but my teachers don't seem to say much to me about pursuing careers that relate to the classes. I find the material difficult, too, but actually I like that. It's kind of challenging. Sometimes, I think science is a bad idea because it's so cold-it doesn't really have to do with helping people. I think it would be good for me to do something that tries to help people. Then sometimes I think that I just feel like an outsider in science classes-- all of my science teachers have been male and my classes seem filled with guys (which I don't always mind!). I asked my physics teacher about engineering, and he told me I'd probably prefer something more creative. I guess he's probably right. Sometimes, I wonder whether or not I'm really smart enough to do a science career. If I were really good at science, wouldn't my teachers tell me? Like I said before, I'm not always sure that I'm the genius everyone thinks I am. At times, I wonder if I have been fooling everyone. …


ion of a computer. They also experienced what it is like for train crews, maintenance of way, and other railway workers who are "out in the field" actually working with the trains and track, as opposed to sitting behind a desk as the dispatcher


Over several years of applying, consulting, and training using the OMT and Fusion methods, we have evolved and successfully applied an integrated toolkit of techniques for developing systems from objects and components, together with heuristics and a supporting process. The method, called CATALYSIS, began in 1991 as a formalization of OMT, influenced by DisCo, VDM, and Fresco. Building upon "second generation" methods such as Fusion, CATALYSIS combines strengths in analysis and specification with a systematic treatment of architecture, refinement, and design. CATALYSIS advances beyond most current methods by defining methodical refinements from abstract specification to implementation, handling coarse-grained to fine-grained components, formalizing use-cases, recursively decomposing components into patterns of collaborating objects, refining the transactions between the collaborating objects, supporting traceability, and mapping design objects to roles in the specification. This paper describes the main features of CATALYSIS, and highlight those which differ from or extend the OMT and Fusion methods.


An engineering professional argues that the graphing calculator is simply a pedagogical tool no more useful than the answer key in the mathematics text. As an adjunct math professor and licensed professional engineer working for a major defense contractor, I have seen a lot of technology evolve over the years. As we all know, some technological innovations are indispensable to progress, some are more in the nature of fads, games, or gimmicks – and many of them sell, whether people need them or not. But in my three decades of adult life, I have never seen so superb a job of marketing as has been achieved by the manufacturers of graphing calculators. And during a recent convention of an organization of math professors, I attended a session which reaffirmed my viewpoint. Algebra books from elementary algebra on up now contain sections concerning graphing calculators. In any precalculus math course, a graphing calculator is certain to be required equipment. Virginia's Standards of Learning (SOLs) now require that math students be capable of using these devices, and I am certain that this reflects the requirements of other states. Indeed, this device is rather securely embedded in our math curricula. However, in view of the fact that a graphing calculator has no practical application in the real world, or even in advanced technical curricula, we should be asking ourselves why we require their use. Based on years of experience as a college math and engineering instructor, in parallel with a career that started in nuclear engineering, I wonder whether the inextricable intertwining of graphing calculators into math books and courses is because they are such marvelous devices or, rather, because of the marketing proficiency of their manufacturers. To put this issue into perspective, perhaps it would be useful to look objectively at a few issues: first, the graphing calculator's two predecessors in the realm of classroom computational devices – the slide rule and the pocket calculator; second, its relevancy in view of the ubiquity of computers; and third, what we expect the student to learn in those fundamental mathematical disciplines. Finally, we need to borrow from the English Department and heed the words of Shakespeare, "To thine own self be true." We need to step back and be honest as to how much this device really helps our students. Until approximately three decades ago, the college math or engineering student was required to possess no more than a slide rule. That same cleverly constructed arrangement of movable numerical scales often served an engineer well into his career. While its accuracy was limited to only a few decimal places, it provided numerical solutions for almost any mathematical or scientific discipline. Its chief limitation, other than precision, was its inability to add or subtract. This was considered a good thing because it required the student to maintain his or her proficiency in these operations. In the early 1970s, the pocket calculator – a by-product of space program computer miniaturization technology – Page 1 of 3 The Graphing Calculator Boondoggle http://www.vccaedu.org/inquiry/inquiry-spring2004/i-91-cohen.html surpassed the slide rule as the tool of choice. This truly miraculous device combined the capabilities of the slide rule with the rapid addition and subtraction capabilities of previously unwieldy and noisy adding machines – and it performed all operations with precision up to nine decimal places. For obvious reasons, the scientific calculator ultimately replaced the slide rule – as a matter of fact, early versions were known as "slide rule" calculators. Enter the graphing calculator, whose primary distinguishing feature (for tenfold the price of a scientific) is the ability to plot and interpolate one or more graphs of functions. This device may have been regarded as revolutionary, but it is actually little more than a single purpose pocket computer. Simultaneous to its development, desktop computers had already begun to populate every home, school, and office. A student needing really precise information on a graph could not only plot that graph on a computer but also could analyze the data in a variety of ways. After having observed my daughter work through several advanced math classes, for which I was required to buy her a TI-83, I concluded that the only purpose it served was to verify the answers arrived at through the algebraic operations she was still required to learn. Again, I questioned the necessity of inflating my bill for school supplies by $100 after having spent twenty times that amount on a computer. From a technological standpoint, the graphing calculator finds itself in a sort of no-man's land. Unlike the scientific calculator or desktop computer, it has virtually no application in the workplace, nor in applied disciplines such as engineering and physics. It has been rendered virtually obsolete by the advancing technology and dwindling size of fully capable computers. In fact, a senior engineering faculty member recently expressed his opinion to me even more bluntly by commenting that math instructors are virtually the only proponents of these devices. Why, then, do we continue to require that our students become proficient in their use? At a recent convention of the Virginia Mathematical Association of Two-Year Colleges (VMATYC), I attended a session on "The Graphing Calculator as a Teaching Tool" to find the answer to that question and determine if my viewpoint was current. After all, my daughter graduated from high school almost a decade ago. And since my math classes have recently been devoted to courses below the precalculus level, perhaps these devices had evolved into something new and different that would make that hundred-dollar investment worthwhile. What I found was that students are still required to sketch graphs using algebraic operations and recognition of a function's characteristics (at which I breathed a sigh of relief) and to use the graphing calculator only to confirm that their work is correct. But, according to one of the high school teachers presenting the session, they can also get the answer from the calculator and work backward. I found certain fallacies in that logic. For one thing, the calculator provides no more information than the answer key to the book, and certainly does nothing that a desktop computer cannot do; second, there is no real-life applied discipline where we have the luxury of knowing the answer ahead of time. I came away from that session reassured that nothing has changed in the years since I bought my daughter's TI-83 (which is now gathering dust) and unconvinced that the expenditure on that device was any kind of investment in knowledge. Quite to the contrary, the presence of graphing calculator sections in an elementary or intermediate algebra text is counterproductive, since it distracts students from the fundamentals on which they should be concentrating. Along that same line of reasoning, it is worth noting that for decades before the pocket calculator arrived on the scene, adding machines were state of the art, but we did not force them into every classroom where students were learning to add and subtract. Indeed, anyone suggesting such an idea would have been encouraged to find a new line of work. Incidentally, does anyone remember when cash registers rang up only the amount of sale, and cashiers were required to "make change"? I wonder how many could do it today. But I digress. Back to the convention... The presence of a Texas Instruments display in the vendor exhibit room led me to wonder whether or not it is coincidence that every textbook I have used refers to a TI graphing calculator, and that the requirement for such a tool is virtually universal in our school systems, essentially locked in by legislated Standards of Learning. The presence of a half dozen textbook publishers in the same room reminded me of what an enviable position TI truly occupies. After all, even the textbook publishers have competition. Page 2 of 3 The Graphing Calculator Boondoggle http://www.vccaedu.org/inquiry/inquiry-spring2004/i-91-cohen.html Using just one high school as an example, consider what this does for TI's financial situation. In a middle class suburban high school with 2,000 students, assume conservatively that 10 percent of the students take a math class requiring a graphing calculator. At a hundred bucks a copy, that translates into (and I did this without a calculator) $20,000 per school. Assuming two dozen schools in a moderately sized city, that fattens the TI wallet by a nearly a quarter million dollars – for one community! And let me again emphasize that I am using conservative figures. Multiply this by the number of communities out there and the figures are staggering. One cannot fault TI; it has truly achieved the corporate dream. It produces a product that it can manufacture in huge quantities for a fraction of its selling price, has essentially no competition, and gets advertised in virtually every math textbook. Best of all, its customer base is legally mandated to buy the product and, given the inertia of state educational agencies, will be for the foreseeable future. And since textbooks are now tied to the graphing calculator, they are also tied to its changing technology – which means that they will have to be periodically revised not because of any changes in the way algebraic operations are performed but simply because of changes in graphing calculator technology. Indeed, we can learn a lot about business from the graphing calculator. But perhaps it is time to reflect on whose interest is best served by making it a requirement of our math curricula. Are we talking about an indispensable tool, or the sale of the century? "To thine own self be true." Michael Cohen is senior contract administrator at Northrop Grumman in Newport News, adjunct math faculty at Tidewater Community College, and adjunc


In this essay of fragments, I provide a moderate and occasionally mocking qualitative rant about some of the main links between trumpism and trumpery. I do so because I believe that the global community needs to become more aware of the political and social dangers embodied in the power wielded by, especially, the 45th president of the United States.


Entity authentication and key distribution are central cryptographic problems in distributed computing|but up until now, they have lacked even a meaningful de nition. One consequence is that incorrect and ine cient protocols have proliferated. This paper provides the rst treatment of these problems in the complexity-theoretic framework of modern cryptography. Addressed in detail are two problems of the symmetric, two-party setting: mutual authentication and authenticated key exchange. For each we present a de nition, protocol, and proof that the protocol meets its goal, assuming the (minimal) assumption of pseudorandom function. When this assumption is appropriately instantiated, the protocols given are practical and e cient.


The Timing Group Delay (TGD) is the bias difference between each GPS satellites P-code transmissions at the L1 and L2 frequencies. They are broadcast in the GPS navigation message so that single-frequency users can use them in conjunction with ionosphere delay estimates, such as the Klobuchar ionosphere model, to improve their position determination and to better derive UTC(USNO), which is the U.S. Naval Observatory's realization of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). There are at most a few nanoseconds of bias in the TGDs with respect to the official GPS monitor receivers maintained at the USNO. These are within the calibration uncertainties. This paper analyzes the problem, and outlines an approach to a solution.


Wheat is an important crop plant cultivated worldwide on a large scale so as to meet food requirement. As every other plant wheat plants also gets exposed to several abiotic stress which adversely affect the growth and productivity. Salt stress is one crucial abiotic stress which is known to hamper growth of several plant species. In the present study five different wheat varieties (HD2687, HD2329, C306, PBW343, HD2307) were selected and were grown in presence of different concentrations of NaCl (100mM, 200mM, 250mM). Increasing concentration of NaCl was found to adversely affect germination rate, shoot and root length. Chlorophyll content was found to decrease in plants under salt stress whereas proline content enhanced as compared to control plants. <br>


Our increasingly information driven world is growing the demand for new storage technologies. Current estimates place the total storage demands
 exceeding the supply of usable silicon by 2040 [1]. DNA is an attractive technology due to its incredible density, almost negligible energy requirements, and data retention measured in centuries [1]. DNA does, however, come with new challenges. It is an organic compound with complex internal interactions which complicate the design and synthesis of DNA sequences for the purpose of data storage. In this work we demonstrate a new encoding-decoding process that accounts for some of the challenges in encoding and decoding, including issues arising from the secondary structure of the sequence, repeated nucleotides, unwanted subsequences, as well as GC content, vital for ensuring stable sequences. This is accomplished by using a graph representation of the possible encoding space that captures the relevant constraints, combined with a search algorithm that identifies the optimal encoding for the given input data accounting for these constraints. A benefit of our approach is that by leveraging the constraints on the encoding process, the decoding algorithm is able to correct single point errors without the aid of error correction codes; this is something no current competing solution can accomplish.


Dynamics of changes in soil acid-base characteristics (pHKCl, hydrolytic acidity, exchangeable aluminum, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, the degree of base saturation) of brown forest acidic soils in tea plantations were studied based on a long-term (27 years) multifactorial fi eld experiment of 16 NPK-fertilizers combinations. The relationship of the process of soil acidifi cation with values of applied nitrogen fertilizers, as a leading factor, is represented in the form of regression and correlation dependencies, graphical and approximating mathematical models. The fi nal changes in the parameters and their speed against the backdrop of 1-2-3th doses of nitrogen fertilizers (singledose step 70-90-120-200 kg N ha-1 yr-1) with a total amount 3800-7600-11400 kg N ha-1 of applied N-fertilizers have been shown. Thus, depending on the N doses the soil pHKCl in the 0-20-cm layer decreased on the average from 0,5 to 0,8-0,9, with an average rate of 0,1 per 3-6 years, or 0,07-0,1 for each applied 1000 kg N ha-1. These changes are 1,5-2 times weaker in the 20-40-cm layer.


By imaging a subject to treat a subject of the eye, such as while irradiating a charged particle beam onto the eye, to be able to determine the aiming position of the therapeutic charged particle beam. Range adjusting device 14 for adjusting the irradiating position in a depth direction of the eye of the charged particle beam emitted from a charged particle beam source, the transmitting or passing the charged particle beam, of the eye of the charged particle beam is irradiated luminescence emitted from the site, and when irradiated with excitation light, a mirror 18 for reflecting the light emission charged particle beam emitted from a region containing the site of the eye which is irradiated to the axis of the charged particle beam, reflected from the mirror and with light emission is disposed in a position that is incident is composed of a fundus photographing device 24 for photographing an area including a region of the object to a charged particle beam by the incidence of light was irradiated for the treatment from the photographed image it is possible to determine the aiming position of the charged particle beam.


This paper presents a novel version of a generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) algorithm for the state estimation in linear stochastic systems which are subject to additive abrupt changes in the input. The novel algorithm is characterized by the use of multiple reference functions (multiple H0 type hypotheses) for the unknown system input. A bank of models is employed which is selected and adapted on-line. The a-posteriori probabilities of the models and the model-matched state estimates are calculated recursively. The new estimator is compared with the interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm using an example in the realm of state estimation for the purpose of terminal guidance. Numerical simulations show that, in realistic situations, the new estimator delivers estimates characterized by a smaller average error and a smaller covariance. Key-Words: estimation, filtering, multiple models, hybrid systems, stochastic systems, generalized likelihood ratio


The present invention is a coating technique wool keratin on acrylic, polypropylene, polyamide fiber and yarn or fabric. The present invention comprises a process liquid padding process on acrylic, polypropylene and polyamide fibers, yarn and fabric, with a water-soluble wool keratin, crosslinkers, catalysts, softeners and water, and then dried, baked crosslinked amorphous process. The method of the present invention is practical, easy to handle, such fibers can be used for surface modification of materials.


The mesoporous Smectite materials containing M2+ ion(Co2+,Ni2+,Mg2+and Zn2+) are successfully synthesized via hydrothermal method.The results of XRD indicate that they are crystallized on typic Smectite structure.Then,the PdCl2 complex is immobilized on the these mesoporous Smectite materials by ligand exchange methods to get a kind of novel catalysis materials denoted as SM(M)Pd.Their catalytic performances for the Heck reaction between iodobenzene and methacrylate are investigated.The SM(Co)Pd exhibits the best catalytic activity,in consistence with its larger surface area and pore volume as well as Co2+ property.This prepared method has two features: one is to embody the property of metal ion;the other is that the immobilization improves the textural property of catalyst and prolongs the life of catalyst.The optimal reaction condition: the proper solvent is N,N-dimethyl acetamide,the reaction temperature is at 80 ℃,reaction time is for 1h and the quantity is 5mg catalyst per 1mmol iodobenzene.The catalyst could be recovered after 5 times use without significant loss of its catalytic activity.


prefixed, the present volume, issued by the Clinical Society or London, is entirely made up of "communications" submitted to the meetings. On the whole, the surgical members have produced the most papers. The subjects brought before the society have been of the most miscellaneous character, but scarcely any of them afford material for the advancement of therapeutical knowledge. The skill of the surgeon in cutting short and removing disease, and in processes of repair, is well represented ; but the skill of the physician in dealing with disease by therapeutical agents is scarcely brought under Notice. The great majority of the medical communications are simply records of cases viewed from a pathological stand-point, and might have been equally well addressed to the Pathological Society. Judging from this and preceding volumes of the society which, "y the way, we highly esteem for what they do contain there seem sua all prospects that the Clinical Society will, as some of its original distinguished members hoped, contribute very appreciably to the


Grawe, Donati and Bernauer conducted together with 16 female and male coworkers the first comprehensive meta-analysis of all the psychotherapeutic studies that were available. They examined and evaluated each of a total of 897 studies according to 1000 individual parameters. Even before publication, everyone concerned took sides, turning the book into a political affair: behavioural therapists versus female psychoanalysts, psychologists versus female physicians, female scientists versus followers of a "school". Be that as it may, the book by Grawe, Bernauer and Donati yields important results which nobody can deny without harming the very methods it citicises.


Burnable absorbers such as gadolinium are used in different, advanced reactor types. The use of burnable absorbers in VVERs (Russian-designed pressurized water reactor, characterized by hexagonal lattice with low H/U ratios) had not been studied earlier, so the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) started a coordinated research program in this field. An important task in this research program was to validate different computer codes that calculate VVER problems for lattices with gadolinium. This validation could be best performed on the basis of experimental results. Therefore, experiments have been carried out with absorbers of different gadolinium content in a critical assembly. The activities described here were carried out under a research contract with the IAEA.


Studies were carried out on the application of fly ash as cocoagulant in dye wastewater treatment and the related mechanism was discussed.Dispersal Yellow was selected for the test.Experimental results swhowed that the optimal concentration of fly ash was 3g/L and the optimal pH ranged from 5.7 to 6.7.10%~15% of the PAC flocculent may be saved by using fly ash as cocoagulant.Moreover,the addition of fly ash helped to accelerate the settling of the coagulation sludge and 1/3 of the sludge volume might be reduced.


A magnetic microparticle chemiluminescence immunoassay method was developed for the determination of estriol in human urine.The sample of estriol and horseradish peroxidase(HRP) labeled estriol with fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) labeled rabbit anti-estriol antibodies were mixed in homogeneous system.The reaction product in homogeneous system can be combined onto the goat anti-FITC antibody-coated magnetic particles.After the magnetic field separation of bond and free,the light-emitting substrate was added to magnetic particles.Under the optimization conditions,this methods can be used to detect estriol in a linear range of 1-100 μg/L,detection limit of 0.25 μg/L,relative standard deviation less than 14% and betweenrelative standard deviation less than 7%.The method has been applied for the determination of estriol in real samples,and the results are satisfactory.


Smoking is the most significant preventable health hazard in the modern world. It increases the risk of vascular problems, which are also risk factors for dementia. In addition, toxins in cigarettes increase oxidative stress and inflammation, which also have both been linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). However, the molecular mechanisms between smoking and ADRD are not well established. This study characterized these mechanisms using metabolomics data from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP).