Abstract The meaning of the phrase τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου in Gal 4,3 has been debated for nearly two millenia. A new understanding of Paul's utilization of the term τοῦ κόσμου is considered in this essay. In addition to ὁ κόσμος meaning "the world" in Gal 4,3, an argument can be made that ὁ κόσμος is a reference to the "adornment" of the penis (i. e., the foreskin). The lexicographical evidence supports this reading. In other words, the reference to κόσμος in Gal 4,3 is an additional critique of the Galatians' decision to circumcise the male members of their communities.


Our experts answer your questions on whether urine testing in younger patients is cost-effective for identifying diabetes or haematuria, and how to manage a patient who presents with black, tarry stools


This article describes how the use of simulators to train signalmen and traffic controllers has had a significant impact on maximizing safety and reducing delays. Railway operators have two major targets; to operate the railway with maximum safety and to run services on time. Highly-developed safety systems ensure the first target is met. However, as these systems are handled by human operators, maximum safety on the network can only be achieved if traffic controllers and signalmen handle their tasks correctly and efficiently.


Tuberculosis is a disease affceting manking form very early ages, and despite the availability of appropriate therapy for most cases, it is a disease that increases the gap between the rich and the poor. Unfortunately, the efforts to fight this disease have not been focused on its socio-economic nature, leading these strategies and resources to fall short. This paper tries to show if an approach based on Human Rights is able to complement biomedical and public health measures in the fight against Tuberculosis.


The invention discloses a comprehensive operation method for power dispatching and monitoring, which comprises the following particular steps: achieving network connection between a database at a dispatching terminal and a database at a monitoring terminal; before a dispatcher issues a dispatching order, writing a dispatching order sheet, and automatically storing the wrote dispatching order sheet into the database at the dispatching terminal; when the dispatcher issues a dispatching order, transferring the wrote dispatching order sheet to an ordering node, selecting and ordering the monitor, and selecting an ordered operator in on-duty monitors; transferring the dispatching order sheet to the ordered operator through the network, if the ordered operator selects to receive the order, executing the corresponding operation order at a monitoring station, and returning the order after execution; transferring the dispatching order sheet processed by the ordered operator to the dispatcher who issues the dispatching order through the network, checking the order by the dispatcher, selecting and confirming the returned order, and finishing the operation. The comprehensive operation method has the benefits of realizing electronic order issuing and returning through the network, shortening the time for dispatching and monitoring each operation order, and effectively improving the dispatching and controlling operation efficiency.


Automation is becoming increasingly pervasive across various technological domains. As this trend continues, work must be done to understand how humans interact with these automated systems. However, individual differences can influence performance during these interactions, particularly as automation becomes more complex, potentially leaving operators out-of-the-loop. Much of the current research investigates the role of working memory and performance across low and high levels of unreliable automation. There is little work investigating the connection between other high-level cognitive processes such as attentional control and performance. Foroughi et al. (2019) found a positive correlation between attentional control and task performance. However, they only included a low-level form of automation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attentional control and performance using increasing degrees of unreliable automation. Our results demonstrated a positive correlation between attentional control and performance using high-level unreliable automation.


TO THE EDITOR: Ryser and colleagues (1) present a wellcrafted modeling study on breast cancer screening. This study does show advances in relation to previously published models, such as the ability to stratify cases of overdiagnosis into indolent and progressive types of cancer. By accommodating an indolent fraction of preclinical disease, the authors underestimated the overdiagnosis to a lesser extent than previous modeling studies (2). Like any modeling study, Ryser and colleagues' article includes many assumptions and involves indirect evidence, which reduces the strength of the evidence for clinical decision making. The sojourn time estimate is much higher than that derived from clinical trials. Moreover, each woman received 2.3 screening tests on average, 51.3% received a single test, and 92.1% received 5 tests or fewer. In contrast, the authors are modeling annual and biennial screening between ages 50 and 74 years. With so few screening rounds, the actual overdiagnosis in the cohort is much less than what would be found if the model's screening protocols had been followed. In the only 2 randomized controlled trials in which mammography screening was not offered to the control groups after the end of the study, it is possible to derive reliable estimates of overdiagnosis if the calculation methods are harmonized (2). These estimates are higher than those presented by Ryser and colleagues; however, they are still underestimated in relation to clinical practice because of the lower sensitivity of mammography at the time and the contamination of the control groups. Academic discussion on overdiagnosis is generally restricted to the Nordic countries and North America. However, lowand middle-income countries—where approximately 80% of the world's population lives—have experienced increasing trends in breast cancer incidence (3) and diffusion of mammography screening in the past decades. Screening in those aged 70 to 74 years does not even have conclusive evidence on efficacy (4). Furthermore, the absolute benefit, if any, would be lower in lowand middle-income countries because of the lower risk for breast cancer. On the other hand, overdiagnosis in this age group tends to be higher in these countries because of the lower life expectancy. This often does not reach 20 years in women aged 60 years (5) and has decreased even more with the COVID-19 pandemic, tending to continue to decline in countries with low vaccination coverage. Health care professionals and managers should consider this balance between harms and benefits when interpreting the results of Ryser and colleagues' modeling study.


Usually, medical information including physical examination results and treatment of patients is stored in the hospital's centralized database. Although sophisticated access control strategy is adopted, it is still high-risk to expose patients' privacy in complex network environment. Moreover, a practical service platform is missed to share this kind of information under patients' authentication. To solve these problem, we elaborate an efficient and secure medical information service platform based on distributed cloud and blockchain technology, simultaneously guarantee security and confidentiality by hierarchical identity-based broadcast encryption system. Within our proposed framework, medical data are stored on distributed cloud after encryption. An incentive mechanism is designed to encourage customers and miners to maintain the platform. It shows that our platform is safe and effective in practice.


In recent years, wearable devices have been an emerging trend on the market. Though, recent studies show that people abandon their wearable devices after a couple of months. One of the main reasons supposed is the technical look and feel of the gadgety devices and thus, an insufficient suitability for daily use. Digital jewellery, the concept of concealing technology behind fashionable jewellery, is a promising approach to address this problem. However, little research has been done to clearly define the requirements for digital jewellery. In this work we present the design and results of an online survey, in which we investigated, which requirements are important for digital jewellery, and how important specific requirements are perceived by potential users. Overall, participants considered functionality, form factor, and interaction and display design as very important, whereas they found body location, context awareness and customisability less important. We also found differences in the importance ratings, that are related to gender and age. Our results will help designers of digital jewellery to focus not only on the right, but also on the more important requirements first.


Chromosomes are often arranged into specific configurations. One example is the metaphase plate of the Drosophila embryo in which chromosomes are arranged into a parallel bundle. How is this configuration established and maintained? Quantitative analysis of chromosomes motion in vivo should help answer this question by providing a measure of the relevant mechanical properties of the chromosomes themselves. In addition, motion analysis will allow us to study interactions of chromosomes with the mitotic spindle. In order to analyze moving mitotic chromosomes, we acquire time-lapse 3D images of chromosomes in living Drosophila embryos, and then interactively model the chromosome configuration at each time point. A model-based motion estimation algorithm is then applied. From the motion estimate, we can visualize trajectories of different regions on the chromosomes, such as centromeres and telomeres, during metaphase and during prometaphase congression. In addition, quantitative estimates of mechanical properties such as mobility and flexibility can be computed. In this preliminary report we describe computational tools for tracking and visualizing 3D chromosome motion, and for detecting oscillations in position along the mitotic spindle.


Glyphosate (N‐[phosphonomethyl]glycine) is a nonselective herbicide used in agriculture as a foliage spray for the control and the destruction of herbaceous plants. Adverse skin reactions due to contact with this compound have been rarely described. We report a case of a 78‐year‐old woman presenting with extensive chemical burns on her trunk and legs caused by accidental contact with a glyphosate‐surfactant formulation. The lesions healed in four weeks without scarring.


Between the 1950s and 1970s, Brazil experienced some of its more wrenching changes of the century. There was marked cultural and economic correspondences between the two eras. Television expanded and consolidated as a national medium; marketing as a business practice and modernizing worldview was adopted wholesale; new professionals arrived to positions of influence, affluence, and prestige; an over-the-top economic patriotism identified with the military regime was created and reached its peak; and the "malling" of Brazilian cities began. The essential features of contemporary Brazil's culture of consumption were in place within ten years of the opening of the first shopping, as the new malls were called, but something of the hollowness of the culture was apparent. This hollowness would only become more apparent by the late 1970s.


Aim: study cytological features and different patterns of granulomatous inflammation in lymph node aspirates. Material and method: The present prospective and retrospective study is carried out in 536 cases of clinical diagnosed lymphadenopathy for fine needle aspiration cytology in the department of pathology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, Karad, during the period of May 2005 to April 2008 (retrospective) and May 2008 to December 2010 (prospective). Result: In our study of 122 granulomatous cases, 106 given as tuberculous lymphadenitis out of which 17 cases underwent for histopathological examination and 16 reported as tuberculous lymphadenitis except one which is given as reactive lymph node. Therefore % of false negative cases is 5.88%.In remaining eight granulomatous lesions, we could not find any causative agents like organisms, inclusion bodies or fungi with routine stain and even with special stains. These cases were subjected for lymph node biopsy and histopathological study. Conclusion: In all these cases, careful clinical history like HIV positive status, H/O vaccination, cat bite and scratches and radiological investigation in case of sarcoidosis like chest X-ray and MRI findings and thorough clinical examination helped us to arrive at the diagnosis. The clinical history is far most important to arrive at particular diagnosis in some uncommon cases of lymphadenopathy. Thus to conclude, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is likely to be more successful is close knit setup with constant interaction and feedback between clinicians and pathologists.


A polymer-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals (PSFLCs), in which photocurable mesogenic monomers are doped into an FLC and then a UV photocure is carried out in the SmC* phase under the application of a bipolar AC electric field, can exhibits monostable and V-shaped electrooptical characteristics. In this research, the time-resolved ellipsometry is applied to the PSFLCs, and we investigate the dependence of the molecular reorientational motion of the PSFLC on the photocuring condition such as the tilt angle which FLC molecules take in the photocure stage. The measurement results show that the dynamic behavior of PSFLC-molecular reorientation strongly depends on the photocuring condition of the tilt angle in addition to the concentration of polymer. Furthermore, the molecular reorientation of the PSFLC is 2-steps motion originated in the difference of the threshold voltage between near and far from polymer.


The condition of dehydration of guava for subsequent recovery of pectin from the dehydrated guava during off-season have been studied. The results of a systematic study on the determination of the critical temperature of dehydration of guava, by following up the recovery and stability of pectin during dehydration at different temperatures have been presented and discussed. Besides the losses in the yield and quality of pectin recovered from the dehydrated guava slices during storage at different temperatures have also been studied.


A lifetime test system for hybrid electric vehicle controllers is provided that belongs to the testing technical field of vehicle controllers. The test system includes a controller group (60) which is arranged in an environmental cabin (20) and a test bench which is arranged with at least one pair of coaxial hybrid power motors (30); electric interface boxes (40) are arranged on the test bench which is electrically connected with a central control computer (10); and the central control computer (10) controls programmable power source and the controller group (60) and is connected with them via the electrical interface boxes (40); the controllers (60) are electrically connected with the hybrid power motors (30) correspondingly, wherein one hybrid power motor (30) works in a generating pattern and the other hybrid power motor (30) which is coaxially connected with the motor works in a motor pattern, the central control computer (10) transmits control signals to realize transmission of testing instructions and feedback of testing status, and monitors the system condition during testing and collects the testing results.


In the low carbon economy,it is imperative to reduce the carbon dioxide(CO2) emission in the power sector.And the generation expansion planning(GEP) in low carbon is one of the key links to achieve CO2 emission reduction.'Cap and Trade' is recognized as an effective measure to reduce CO2 emission and gain low carbon benefits.The carbon allocation mechanism is the core.The impact of low carbon factors on GEP is analyzed from three aspects,i.e.policy,technology and market.A carbon allocation mechanism based on area comparison is proposed and the low carbon generation expansion planning(LCGEP) model is developed by introducing low carbon factors into the traditional GEP model.Finally,a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm based on differential evolution(DEPSO) is employed to solve the planning problem in an example which is used to prove the proposed LCGEP model.The simulation result of the example shows the correctness and applicability of the model,providing current GEP work with beneficial reference.


Current PWM ( Pulse Width Modulation ) techniques for multilevel inverters have been in-vestigated.A multilevel optimal space vector technique is introduced ,in which the optimal com-bination of three phase levels is determined by selecting the optimal space vector to generate the control mode of3-phase PWM.It is compared with the current PWM techniques and the simu-lation results show that the lower switching frequency and line voltage THD ( Total Harmonic Distortion) can be achieved.


The extraction and stability of red pigment from grape skin were studied. The optimum extraction conditions of red pigment from grape skin were showed as follows: the ethanol concentration was 70%; the extraction temperature was 70°C; the extraction time was 70 min. Under these conditions, the absorbency of extraction liquid of red pigment from grape skin was about 0.8. The red pigment from grape skin had good resistance to light decomposition and heating. Heating and lighting had little effect on the pigment stability.


SINCE the description of the syndrome of adrenal cortical insufficiency by Addison in 1855, a review of the literature reveals only 16 accepted cases in which this syndrome appeared in combination with diabetes mellitus. Nearly seventy-five years elapsed after Addison's paper before a case showing this combination was reported by Unverricht1 in 1926. It has since been recognized that these cases fall into three distinct groups, depending on the time of development of one disease in relation to the other. Thus, there are 4 cases in which, as nearly as could be determined, the two diseases developed simultaneously, 3 cases . . .


Based on the working principle of a zinc–nickel single-flow battery (ZNB), an improved Thévenin equivalent circuit model is proposed in this paper. According to the experimental data of a 100-A pulsed discharge of a ZNB, the parameters of the modified model were obtained based on the parameter identification principle and the least squares curve fitting method first, then the discrete mathematical models of the model voltages were built in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulation results show that the stack voltage's maximum relative error for the Thévenin model is 5.2% when compared with the experimental results under a 100-A constant-current discharge; the corresponding value of the improved model is 2.38%, and the relative error of the improved model is lower than that of the Thévenin model over the entire discharge process, which indicates that the improved model has higher accuracy and a more accurate prediction of the stack voltage for the battery constant-current discharge.


The idea of a splitting of Belgium in two or three independent states has largely been exposed during the 2010-2011 crisis. But something was, most of the time, forgotten: the fact that splitting a country is not a further step in decentralization or state reform. This paper aim to underlines special features of a state separation by considering this as a process of, basically, two stages. The first one is the triggering of the process of independence. Why the government of a sub-federal entity decides to seek independence instead of classical autonomist of federalist demands? The second one concerns the chance of success of such a process. These two stages follows different patterns. Particularly, success in becoming an independent state requires global international recognition from other states. Thus, judging chances of getting these requires to study international relations and practices about international recognition in cases comparable with the hypothetical Belgian case. In order to have comparable cases of independence, we will consider only those who were non-violent and took place in a liberal-democratic context. With these few cases and academic literature about the subject, we conclude that Flanders does share characteristics to initiate an independence process nor to succeed in it. Indeed, as the majority group in Belgium, Flemish won't logically seek independence – even if economic and political differences with Wallonia will probably lead to demands for more autonomy. Concerning international recognition, we focus on other European countries attitude concerning recent cases of independence (mainly Montenegro and Kosovo). In a context of growing demands of autonomy and even independence from many regions of Europe, the conditions under which a general international recognition could be granted are very demanding. It appears that a negotiated agreement and a referendum in the seceding region are needed in order to secure a general and quick international recognition. In the case of Belgium we conclude that a negotiated agreement about separation appears impossible, and that a successful referendum in Flanders about independence would be in contradiction with every study (academic or not) made about this subject.


The study presents data on 24 species of lichens and seven species of lichenicolous fungi that are newly recorded in the Franz Josef Land Archipelago. Among these, Amandinea pelidna, Didymocyrtis bryonthae, and Sclerococcum parasiticum are new discoveries for European Russia, and another 12 species are newly documented for the Arkhangelsk Region. Thus, 301 species of lichens and 50 species of lichenicolous fungi are currently known for the Franz Josef Land Archipelago.


Objective:To investigate the phone to return after endoscopic sinus surgery patients,improve the comprehensive treatment of the nursing methods of curative rate.Methods:Through 180 cases of sinus surgery patients,the comprehensive treatment of rehabilitation on telephone,and conventional discharge guidance methods are compared.Results:The statistics analysis,formulate strict implementation of the system and the conventional discharge,and comparison,the difference is guiding significance.Conclusions:endoscopic sinus surgery patients after discharge standard,can visit by telephone with the comprehensive treatment and rehabilitation.


Two novel hybrid lichexantone-THC (benzopirane group) derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents were designed and prepared from norlichexanthone and (S)-cis-verbenol in two steps. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and MS. In addition, we evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium) and Gram- negative (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacea, Klebisiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strains. The bioassay results indicate that the compounds namely 5 and 6 proved active against Gram-positive strains (standard and clinical) in comparison with reference drugs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v7i4.788


This study proposes an algorithm capable of working in parallel for solving large and sparse linear equations under given right hand side (RHS) ranges. A comparative study to the direct linear programming method is reported theoretically, computationally and discussed. Moreover, the approach can be adapted for the system under domain decompositions structure leading to a better efficiency experimentally.


You might want to add a few more chairs in your waiting room. Just weeks after the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services announced screenings for depression and alcohol abuse free of charge to Medicare patients, it now has added similar coverage for preventive services to reduce cardiovascular disease. Find out what the Medicare policy specifies primary care providers should do during those once-a-year visits.


Based on the state of project of thousands doctors' supporting for the rural area,that was implemented in the midwest of China,the article generally analyzes the achievement and the present problem in this task.In addition,the paper also processes practical research and puts forward some proposals for reinforcing the work of the cities helping countrysides for the rural sanitation and establishing supporting system in corresponding hospital between cities and countrysides.


This research project is a book project which looks at cultures and literatures of the Asia-Pacific region. It looks not only at literary and cultural texts but also cultural performances like Mak Yong, Main Puteri, etc. Other form of expression like the oral tradition, caricature and film are also considered


India"s Parsi community, although a micro part, owns a unique identity and culture. The currently existing Parsis are the descendants of Zoroastrians from Greater Iran/Persia who immigrated to the western borders of South Asia (Gujarat and Sindh) during the last half centuries of the first millennium AD to escape from Muslim invaders who were defeating Persia by that time. Zoroastrianism dominated other religions during the era of Muslim conquest of Iran. In contrast to other communities, Parsi has strained a lot to maintain and promote its culture. Parsi"s Indian writing in English is noteworthy and their words spread even outside India. The fact cannot be denied that there is something distinct and quintessential about Parsi culture. Their contribution to English literature needs to be acknowledged. Being a Parsi, Rohinton Mistry clearly portrays the Parsi religion and rituals in his novels. He elaborates on the various shades of the world of the Parsi community and their problematic position within India. Family Matters deepens Mistry"s exploration of the way of life of the Parsi community. Yezad Chenoy, Nariman"s son-in-law, is a member of the Parsi community, who weaves his way between family, friends, community, work and India itself.


This paper shows simulations of the performance of Code Division Multiple Access optical communication systems (OCDMA), using apodised fibre Bragg grating (FBG) arrays as passive encoding-decoding devices. Auto and cross-correlation functions of the user signals, and bit error rate (BER) were used as evaluation criteria. Through numerical analysis, we demonstrated that when strong Bragg gratings are used, the performance of the system is increased.


In the Netherlands, pig slurries are processed to improve their fertilizer value as well as handling and application. The relative efficiency index (REI) of N, P and K and the stability of organic carbon (C) in test products of processed pig slurries (PPS) were determined in pot and incubation experiments. The dry and easily manageable PPS were produced according to the Promest procedure. The mineral fraction of total N varied from 60 to 88%. It consisted mainly of nitrate. About 25% of the organic N was rapidly mineralized. The REI of N varied from 66 to 92%. After application REI of P from pelletized PPS varied from 41 to 62% in the first half year. The REI of P in ground but non-pelletized PPS varied from 81 to 100%. The REI of K was estimated to be 100%. PPS contained less easily decomposable organic C than untreated pig slurry due to the anaerobic digestion step in the processing procedure. About 34% of the organic C disappeared as methane and carbon dioxide during processing. It was concluded that processing improved the fertilizer value of PPS compared with that of untreated pig slurry.


Mobile Banking or M-Banking is banking services through communication devices (mobile phones) are quite practical to use. As the name implies, this is truly mobile and can be used anywhere and anytime, as long as it is connected to the network operator. So, customers do not need to go to the ATM to make transactions. The purpose of this study is expected to provide new lessons or knowledge for the author in examining the problem with the study of the scope of Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, and Perceived Risk which is the topic of research.' This research have four variable X namely performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, perceived risk and the intention for the variable Y. The type of research on this study is quantitative approach. Since this study purpose is to examine the relationships between variables, then this study used causality research. The measurement scale in this study is likert scale. The sample of this study was 100 respondents who were respondents who used mobile banking. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis and path analysis with the help of SPSS version 23 software. The result of this study is to find that Fvalue 12,079 is Independent Variables consisting of Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence and Perceived Risk together has a significant influence on Intention on Using Mobile Banking Service. Variable Performance Expectancy (X1) has a value of tvalue (2.409) > ttable (1,985) and a significance level of 0,018 <0,05, then H0 is rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that partially there is a significant influence from Performance Expectancy (X1) on Intention on Using Mobile Banking Service (Y). Effort Expectancy variable (X2) has a value of tvalue (0.728) < ttable (1,985) and a significance level of 0.468> 0.05, then H0 is accepted. Therefore, it can be concluded that ISSN : 2355-9357 e-Proceeding of Management : Vol.6, No.2 Agustus 2019 | Page 4590


Women constitute one of the fastest growing groups of people infected with HIV. Women have always been affected by HIV as informal or formal caregivers. Despite this, HIV services and education have been directed almost exclusively towards men. Given that women comprise half of the workforce, the change in the face of the epidemic requires a reexamination of the EAP professional's approach to AIDS education and services. This article delineates HTV-related issues specific to women and their impact on the functions of the EAP. Suggestions are made for targeting AIDS workplace education and prevention to women. The implications of women's issues on early identification, counseling, and referral by EAP professionals are also explored. Consideration is given to the cultural and socioeconomic diversity of women affected by HIV.


Background An increased rate of brain atrophy is often observed in older subjects, in particular those who suffer from cognitive decline. Homocysteine is a risk factor for brain atrophy, cognitive impairment and dementia. Plasma concentrations of homocysteine can be lowered by dietary administration of B vitamins. Objective A total of 168 participants (85 in active treatment group; 83 receiving placebo) completed the MRI section of the trial. The mean rate of brain atrophy per year was 0.76% (95% CI, 0.63-0.90) in the active treatment group and 1.08% (0.94-1.22) in the placebo group ( P = 0.001). The treatment response was related to baseline homocysteine levels: the rate of atrophy in participants with homocysteine >13 µmol/L was 53% lower in the active treatment group ( P = 0.001). A greater rate of atrophy was associated with a lower final cognitive test scores. There was no difference in serious adverse events according to treatment category. Conclusions and Significance The accelerated rate of brain atrophy in elderly with mild cognitive impairment can be slowed by treatment with homocysteine- lowering B vitamins. Sixteen percent of those over 70 y old have mild cognitive impairment and half of these develop Alzheimer's disease. Since accelerated brain atrophy is a characteristic of subjects with mild cognitive impairment who convert to Alzheimer's disease, trials are needed to see if the same treatment will delay the development of Alzheimer's disease. Trial Registration


Fully functional, highly stable 1.25μm 2 6T-SRAM cell with 45nm gate length Triple Gate transistors with excellent short-channel characteristics is demonstrated by using a planar layout of 90nm CMOS technology and deliberate optical proximity control. This is the smallest working cell size ever reported by adopting non-planar 3D structures. The cell demonstrates robust data storing capability, SNM values of more than 10% V DD , and clear read/write operations. Finally, the TDDB result of TG-transistors for gate oxide reliability assessment is reported for the first time.


Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK Dear editor I recently read the qualitative study by Wang et al on the student and teacher perspective on the transition to online medical education in China as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a final year medical student who experienced much of my fourth-year medical degree and intercalated master's degree teaching online, I felt compelled to offer insight into some of the recommendations highlighted in the paper. Much like the authors suggest, the shift from face-to-face to online teaching was abrupt not only in China, but also in the UK. A survey conducted across 39 out of 40 UK medical schools found that within the first five weeks of the UK lockdown, medical education teaching had shifted online. As the authors discuss, students found online medical education satisfying with clear arrangements, objectives and learning resource provision. In comparison, UK medical students did not necessarily enjoy online teaching, but appreciated the time and money saved, as well flexibility, of online learning. Given the level of disruption to education caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the negative impacts expected to persist for months, and if not years to come, there is a need to address the mid-term and longterm measures which are required to be put in place in order to minimise disruption to learning for medical students. Examples of important measures highlighted in the study include the need for sufficient infrastructure which can adequately support the technological needs of students, as well as adequate staff training. Whilst the article offered extensive insight into the measures which are required if online medical teaching is to be successfully delivered, it failed to mention the specific needs of students from varying diverse groups or suggest that these are even necessary to consider. Examples of such groups include those from under-represented socio-economic backgrounds and ethnic minorities. This current letter serves to highlight the specific considerations of ethnic minority students when considering the delivery of online medical education. In the current sociopolitical climate, it is vital that medical schools acknowledge the potentially disproportionate impact that online medical education could have on the experiences and learning of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) medical students. As most institutions are already aware, there exists an awarding gap in higher education, whereby BAME medical students and professionals underachieve in comparison to their White colleagues. Countless studies have highlighted the need for social interaction in the transfer of academic knowledge, and Correspondence: Mariyah Bashir Email firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com


In a preceding report (1) it was shown that those redox compounds that cause Heinz body anemias in vivo produce a sequence of changes in vitro in solutions of crystalline hemoglobin culminating in the precipitation of hemoglobin as spherical granules. These granules appear to be identical with Heinz bodies. The sequence of changes produced in hemoglobin by these compounds includes: 1) the formation of methemoglobin, 2) an increase in electrophoretic and chromatographic mobility, 3) the appearance of irreversible hemochromes such as sulfhemoglobin and 4) frank precipitation. It was found that similar changes in hemoglobin were produced rapidly by "simple" oxidants such as ferricyanide and slowly by prolonged incubation of hemoglobin alone under oxygen. Compounds that cause Heinz body anemias apparently are converted under oxygen into redox intermediates or free radicals which catalyze the oxidative breakdown of hemoglobin, a process which proceeds spontaneously only slowly in vitro and presumably still more slowly during cellular aging in vivo. There are many reasons to suspect the involvement of sulfhydryl (thiol) groups in the processes described above. Such groups are readily oxidized under physiologic conditions and are involved in maintaining the integrity of the red cell (2) and the physiologic activity of hemoglobin (3). The studies of Beutler and his co-workers (4, 5) have established an association between intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and the susceptibility in vitro and in vivo of red cells to injury by oxidant drugs. Based on studies of "choleglobin" formation in the presence of ascorbic acid, Mills (6) has advanced the hypothesis that GSHprotects hemoglobin from oxidative


To demonstrate, through numerical simulations, novel designs of spatially selective radiofrequency (RF) excitations of the fetal brain by both a restricted 2D slice and 3D inner‐volume selection. These designs exploit a single‐channel RF pulse, conventional gradient fields, and the spatially non‐linear ΔB0 fields of a multi‐coil shim array, using an auto‐differentiation optimization algorithm.


Let X be a real linear space,P a family of separated seminorms on X and TP the locally convex separated topology on X generated by P.The concepts of the S-simplest form of a seminorm family P and the P-reflexive locally convex space (X,TP) are introduced.The seminorm family P and its every S-simplest form generate the same locally convex separated topology on X are proved.Moreover,the relations between the P-reflexivity and the reflexivity are discussed.It is shown that the P-reflexivity and the reflexivity are two equivalent concepts when X is a normed linear space.


This paper proposes a cross-layer design to enhance the location privacy under a coordinated medium access control (MAC) protocol for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The channel and pseudonym resources are both essential for transmission efficiency and privacy preservation in the IoV. Nevertheless, the MAC protocol and pseudonym scheme are usually studied separately, in which a new MAC layer semantic linking attack could be carried out by analyzing the vehicles' transmission patterns even if they change pseudonyms simultaneously. This paper presents a hierarchical architecture named as the software defined Internet of Vehicles (SDIV). Facilitated by the architecture, a MAC layer aware pseudonym (MAP) scheme is proposed to resist the new attack. In the MAP, RSU clouds coordinate vehicles to change their transmission slots and pseudonyms simultaneously in the mix-zones by measuring the privacy level quantitatively. Security analysis and extensive simulations are conducted to show that the scheme provides reliable safety message broadcasting, improves the location privacy and network throughput in the IoV.


men who navigated often hostile terrain to find athletic and academic success. An important claim Jacobus makes is that, despite differences in racial tensions from one city to the next, common themes often reverberated as African Americans negotiated a nuanced Jim Crow system designed to keep African Americans in an inferior status. Jacobus also argues that resistance to desegregation could be explained by the demographics and geography of a particular desegregating town. According to Jacobus, for cities where African American populations were smaller in size, the process of desegregation was easier than in spaces where the numbers of black residents were large enough to rival their white counterparts. Jacobus also claims that proximity to the former Confederacy helped to determine resistance to desegregation. The result was that spaces like Dallas, Houston, and East Texas were slower to desegregate while spaces like Corpus Christi and San Antonio desegregated relatively early. One of the reasons Jacobus's text is valuable is that it analyzes the reasons why black players elected to stay at black high schools or colleges and why they chose to enter desegregated spaces. Jacobus probes black former student athletes who traveled outside the South to play college football. He reveals that close ties, academic resources, and the presence of other black students helped to provide black student athletes with enough incentive to persist, matriculate, and ultimately graduate from white colleges located outside the South. Jacobus's book is an excellent addition to the study of school desegregation and the desegregation of sports institutions. This is a text for both fans and scholars of sport history. It uses firstperson accounts to explain how players— black, white, and Latino, along with their coaches— negotiated this complex set of social, political, and athletic issues related to desegregation in the post– Brown v. Board of Education era to achieve athletic and academic success.


The Greater Houston metropolitan area has experienced recurring flooding events in the past two decades related to tropical cyclones and heavy inland rainfall. With the projected recurrence of severe weather events, an approach that outlines the susceptibility of different localities within the study area to potential floods based on analyses of the impacts from earlier events would be beneficial. We applied a novel C-band Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-based flood detection method to map floodwater distribution following three recent severe weather events with the goal of identifying areas that are prone to future flood hazards. Attempts were made to calibrate and validate the C-band-based results and analyses to compensate for possible sources of error. These included qualitative and quantitative assessments on L-band aerial SAR data, as well as aerial imagery acquired after one of the events. The findings included the following: (1) most urban centers of Harris county, with few exceptions, are not believed to be prone to flooding hazards in contrast to the densely populated areas on the outskirts of Harris county; (2) nearly 44% of the mapped flood-prone areas lie within a 1 km distance of major drainage networks; (3) areas experiencing high subsidence rates have persistently experienced flooding, possibly exacerbated by morphological changes to the land surface induced by subsidence.


Black-headed Gulls at Ravenglass (Cumbria) show a marked preference for nesting in the cover of marram, which is however replaced by nettles after several years of fertilisation of the dunes by the birds' guano. The marram recovers some years after desertion of nettle areas, and shifts within the gullery are always from nettle-grown to new marram sites.


Cervical spinal cord injury (C‐SCI) negatively impacts cardiac and respiratory function. As the heart and lungs are linked via the pulmonary circuit these systems are interdependent. Here, we utilized inspiratory and expiratory loading to assess whether augmenting the respiratory pump improves left‐ventricular (LV) filling and output in individuals with motor‐complete C‐SCI. We hypothesized LV end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV) would increase and decrease with inspiratory and expiratory loading, respectively. Participants (C‐SCI: 7M/1F, 35 ± 7 years; able‐bodied: 7M/1F, 32 ± 6 years) were assessed under five conditions during 45° head‐up tilt; unloaded, inspiratory loading with −10 and −20 cmH2O oesophageal pressure (Poes) on inspiration, and expiratory loading with +10 and +20 cmH2O Poes on expiration. An oesophageal balloon catheter monitored Poes, and LV structure and function were assessed by echocardiography. In C‐SCI only, (1) +20 cmH2O reduced LVEDV vs. unloaded (81 ± 15 vs. 88 ± 11 ml, P = 0.006); (2) heart rate was higher during +20 cmH2O compared to unloaded (P = 0.001) and +10 cmH2O (P = 0.002); (3) cardiac output was higher during +20 cmH2O than unloaded (P = 0.002); and (4) end‐expiratory lung volume was higher during +20 cmH2O vs. unloaded (63 ± 10 vs. 55 ± 13% total lung capacity, P = 0.003) but was unaffected by inspiratory loading. In both groups, −10 and −20 cmH2O had no significant effect on LVEDV. These findings suggest greater expiratory positive pressure acutely impairs LV filling in C‐SCI, potentially via impaired venous return, mediastinal constraint and/or direct ventricular interaction subsequent to dynamic hyperinflation. Inspiratory loading did not significantly improve LV function in C‐SCI and neither inspiratory nor expiratory loading affected cardiac function or lung volumes in able‐bodied participants.


Purpose – In this study, the aim is to empirically examine the relationship between students' perceptions of themselves as customers of their university and their educational attitudes and behaviors. It also seeks to investigate the extent to which students' characteristics predict their involvement with education.Design/methodology/approach – The authors obtained data by surveying 1,025 students from a medium‐sized university in the southern United States.Findings – Consistent with exchange theory, students who perceived themselves as customers were more likely to feel entitled and to view complaining as beneficial. Satisfaction with their university, but not their perceptions of themselves as university customers, predicted educational involvement. Not surprisingly, students who were more involved in their education tended to be older, have higher grade point averages, and attend class more often. However, these students also felt more entitled to outcomes, although they did not differ in their percepti...


Istanbul Byzantine Fault Tolerance (IBFT) is one of a family of proof-of-authority (PoA) blockchain consensus protocols designed to ensure immediate finality. We partially analyse the correctness of IBFT and show that the protocol does not guarantee Byzantine-fault-tolerant liveness when operating on a partially synchronous network.


Four infrared active fundamental bands of trans-d2-ethylene have been studied at a resolution of ca. 0·030 cm-1: the two type-c bands v 7 and v 4, the type-a component of v 12, and the type-b component of v 10. From a set of 1166 ground state combination differences a complete set of rotational and quartic distortion constants for the ground state has been determined. The first order a-Coriolis resonances between the four bands are analysed and upper state constants are obtained from a fit of subband energies. The full asymmetric rotor model is used to analyse v 4 and v 12 which are free of local interactions, and a complete set of upper state constants are obtained. Local Coriolis perturbations between v 7 and v 10 are identified.


PURPOSE
To estimate the outcomes of definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for bulky or advanced-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS
We enrolled patients who had been diagnosed as having cervical SCC or ADC and received definitive CCRT. A Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI); independent predictors were stratified or controlled for in the analysis, and the endpoint was all-cause mortality among patients with cervical SCC and ADC who received CCRT. Propensity score matching was performed to create well-balanced groups.

RESULTS
we enrolled 3258 patients who had International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB2-IVA cervical cancer without distant metastasis. Among them, 2927 patients with cervical SCC and 331 patients with cervical ADC received definitive CCRT. The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that ADC, advanced FIGO stage, no intracavitary brachytherapy, old age, earlier year of diagnosis, and higher comorbidity scores were significant independent poor prognostic factors of all-cause mortality in patients with cervical cancer who received definitive CCRT. Patients with cervical ADC who received definitive CCRT had higher all-cause mortality, locoregional recurrence (LRR), and distant metastasis (DM) (adjusted HR [95% CI]: 2.10 [1.79-2.46], 1.79 [1.35-2.37], and 1.97 [1.54-2.53] for all-cause mortality, LRR, and DM, respectively) compared with patients with cervical SCC who received CCRT.

CONCLUSION
Definitive CCRT in patients with cervical ADC resulted in lower overall survival, higher LRR, and higher DM rate compared with patients with cervical SCC.


The present invention in a cellular communication system using a multi-hop relay scheme according to handover processing apparatus and method. The handover processing method according to the present invention, when the handover of the terminal is required, the serving base station to process with the serving base station to create a candidate node list by collecting handover related information from neighboring nodes can handover the the step of transmitting a handover request message including the candidate node list to the MS communicates with the relay station that is, a method comprising the steps of: said relay station, forwarding the handover request message to the terminal, the terminal, the handover execution the process of whether or not the transmission to set the handover indication message to the RS and the relay station, the method comprising the steps of: forwarding a handover indication message to the base station, the base station, in response to the handover indication message to the hand of the user terminal notification message that the over (notify message) the step of transmitting to the RS And includes a process of the RS, to release the corresponding context (context) information required for communication with the terminal in the notification message. The relay communication system, the handover, the relay request, the base station requests


This research mainly carries on a comparison on the professional institute between China and the West from the five aspects as following: the original institute, developing course, way, route, motive force, direction and objective. The research outcome shows that there exist quite deference among the five aspects between China and the West, Seen from the historic view, though there exists the same character in the aspect of the direction and objective of the professional institute at some extent, but there exists quite deference in the managing mode. Therefore, studying hard and using the experience of the West for reference is becoming an inevitable researching starting point.


Investigation on smoking status of female college students in four universities in Yunnan and Guangxi with the questionnaire and interviewing some of the students. The result showed that the main reason for most of female college student smokers is influenced by their family,friends and classmates. Another reason is to release the pressure from study and life or to heal the psychological hurting because of the frustration or negative mood. But most of them held negative attitude to smoking. Suggestions are more attention should be paid; the health education should be developed on the harm of smoking to females; non-smoking environment should be created in family,school and society and psychological leading and health care should be carried to get the purpose of smoking control.


We demonstrate that an optical wave propagating through a polarization and modal scrambling multimode fiber can regain its original polarization state by phase conjugation followed by reverse propagation through the medium.1,2 Such a polarization recovery phenomenon is achieved even when magnetic field is applied along the fiber.3 The experimental arrangement is described as follows: the output light from the argon-ion laser was coupled Into a graded-index multimode fiber (100-μm core diam, 20-m length). A section with a length of ~3 m of the fiber was placed in a uniform magnetic field. The output of the fiber was focused onto a BaTiO3 crystal which aligned to form a self-pumped phase conjugate mirror.4 The reflected phase conjugate light was linearly polarized along the x axis and coupled back into the fiber automatically. The polarization state of the phase conjugate light after passing through the fiber, was analyzed. The interesting and significantly new observations are that:


In 2018, after almost a decade of frustrated attempts, the abortion
debate in Argentina was enabled. The analysis of public policies allows us, despite the contemporaneity of the legislative discussion, to try to
understand, through qualitative exploratory research, what has
changed in these years for these projects to reach the Congress. With
this purpose, this work studies the process of collective construction of
the problem of the demand for abortions in Argentina, comparing it
with that process in other countries.
From the design of the policies, it will analyze the dimension and attributes of the problem of that demand. After that, in the formulation of alternatives for action, and in a comparative framework analysis, the
impact on the dimensions of vulnerable motherhood by way of the
abortion legalization will be compared with other adopted solutions. Finally, the option for legalization will be evaluated based on the criteria of rationality, relevance, appropriateness and coherence.


This article argues that what naval power was to the 17th century—knitting together separate trading systems and bridging new resources, wealth, mobility, and establishing an international system of trade that pulled various powers into the dominant power's orbit—space power can be for the 21st century. To this end, airmen must take a wider view of what strategic value the United States Air Force (USAF) can provide for the United States (U.S.) beyond support for warfighting.


The article is focused to derived a method to calculate women's autonomy and selected socio-economic factors including women's basic education or basic literacy, wealth index, newspaper reading practice as well as television watching practice on delivery assistance in Bangladesh. The PLS-SEM technique was employed to meet the objective. The significance of the associations has also been evaluated. The analytical outcomes of the study designated that women's autonomy had a significantly negative impact on delivery assistance whereas the selected socio-economic factors had a significantly positive impact on delivery assistance. Furthermore, the selected socio-economic factors demonstrated a significantly negative effect on women's autonomy in developing countries. PLS-SEM model's reliability is also explained to show the functionality of the model.


The writer discusses representations of Pope Urban V in 14th century Rome. She focuses in particular on four watercolors included in the Mosaici Antichi Albums of Cassiano dal Pozzo's "Museum Chartaceum," now in the Royal Library of Windsor, England.


A new geographical curriculum standard will be introduced for middle school across China to replace the current general outline of geographical education and will instruct geographical education in middle school in the coming 20 years. The project, "Establishment of Geographical Curriculum Standard for Middle School", sponsored by the Ministry of Education,aims at constituting a scientific and reasonable curriculum standard for middle school. This paper discusses the importance and necessity of geographical education through analyzing the trend of geographical development,the social requirement to geographical education,the relations between psychological development of students and elementary education of geography.In addition,comparison between the elementary geographical education in China and that in other countries,such as the United States, France, Britain, Germany etc.is also made.It is different from China that the elementary geographical education in foreign countries seldom use the subject-system as the contentsystem but pay more attention to social events and students' life and consider students' in terests and development of individuality, cultivate geographical methods, abilities and thoughts and advocate explorative study. Finally,on the basis of illustrating the guidelines, goals and content-structure of the curriculum standard of geographical education in China,some important strategies are put forward.


The Isa Superbasin, South Nicholson and Georgina basins of North West Queensland are frontier basins earmarked for examination of their resource potential under the Strategic Resources Exploration Program (SREP). Little exploration has occurred for petroleum resources in these basins, although proven petroleum systems exist in both the Isa Superbasin and Georgina Basin with demonstrated flow at subcommercial rates.


2. Permutation groups 1. Find the orbits of the permutation group on {1, . . . , 12} generated by the two permutations (1, 2)(3, 4)(5, 7)(6, 8)(9, 11)(10, 12) and (1, 2, 3)(4, 5, 6)(8, 9, 10). (We use the convention that points omitted from the cycle notation are fixed, that is, in cycles of length 1.) Where does this group fall in the hierarchy of properties defined in this section of the notes? 2. Let G be a transitive permutation group, and N a normal subgroup of G. Show that all the orbits of N have the same size.


Hepassocin (HPS), is a liver-specific gene with mitogenic activity on isolated hepatocytes. It is up-regulated following partial hepatectomy and down-regulated frequently in heptocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, very little is known about the HPS transcription regulation mechanism. In this study, we identified HNF1α (hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α) as an important liver-specific cis-acting element for HPS using in vivo luciferase assays. Deletion of the HNF1 binding site not only led to a complete loss of HPS promoter activity in vivo but also abolished the induction of the HPS promoter by HNF1α. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that HNF1α interacted with the HPS gene promoter in vitro. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that HNF1α interacted with HMGB1 and CREB-binding protein, and all of them were recruited to the HPS promoter in vivo. Moreover, HNF1α expression was lower in HCC cell lines and tissues and correlated significantly with the down-regulation of HPS expression. Re-expression of HNF1α in human hepatoma HepG2 cells reinduced HPS expression. In contrast, knockdown of endogenous HNF1α expression by small interfering RNA resulted in a significant reduction of HPS expression. Furthermore, we found that partial hepatectomy and IL-6 significantly induced promoter activity of HPS, depending on STAT3 and HNF1 binding sites in the HPS promoter. These results demonstrate that the HNF1 binding site and HNF1α are critical to liver-specific expression of HPS, and down-regulation or loss of HNF1α causes, at least in part, the transcriptional down-regulation of HPS in HCC.


160 www.erpublication.org  Abstract— the aim of this paper is on the problem of crack detection for a cracked beam using theoretical and software analysis. Crack is the discontinuation in a body. Location of crack through the method of vibration is great advantages over traditional methods. Presence of crack in a structural member induces local flexibility which affects vibration response of the structure. This property may be used to detect location and depth of the crack in structural member. The presence of crack leads to changes in some of the lower natural frequencies and mode shapes. Method based on measurement of natural frequencies is presented for detection of the location and size of a crack in a cantilever beam. Numerical calculations has been done by solving the Euler equation for un-crack beam and cracked beam to obtain first three natural frequencies of different modes of vibration considering various crack positions for the beam. CATIA software is used for designing cantilever beam. ANSYS software is used for analysis of crack and un-crack cantilever beam. Total 7 models has been tested according to theoretical and software method.


Crystallization kinetics of LZS glass-ceramics was investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The influences of using different nucleation agents on the crystallization and microstructure properties of the glass-ceramics were investigated. The results show that when P2O5 was used as nucleation agent could make the crystallization activation energy decreased and the Avrami exponent increased comparing that TiO2 was used. Experimental results also show that the different nucleation agent can not affect the crystalline phase of the glass-ceramics. However, the glass-ceramics with tiny crystalline can be made when P2O5 have been used as nucleation agent.


Until recently, application specific instruction-set processor (ASIP) design was very costly and complex. Now, ASIP circuits are much easier to develop with technologies like Tensilica and Altera configurable processors that provide tools enabling effective generation of RTL (register transfer level) code for ASIPs. On the other hand, the design of effective ASIPs is still time-consuming, because existing methodologies largely rely on designers' knowledge for design space exploration. The paper describes a methodology to help design ASIPs. An iterative profiling-driven method based on detection and acceleration of application bottlenecks with specialized instructions is proposed. This method is applied to the design of an ASIP adapted for a video processing algorithm - the Wiener filter. The acceleration reached with our method on this application is very significant, with a speedup factor larger than 10 over optimized software code.


A method is described for determining the conditions which ensure backward-wave propagation in dielectric-loaded inhomogeneous waveguide structures. It is established that backward-wave propagation can be ensured for the hybrid H11-mode in a circular waveguide containing an axial dielectric rod whose relative permittivity exceeds approximately 9.4. The possibility of other inhomogeneous-waveguide modes exhibiting backward-wave properties is also examined.


The ground-state geometries and the binding energy of Fe_n(n=2-20) clusters have been calculated using a TB many-body potential and a Genetic Algorithm(GA).Based on the optimized geometry,we have calculated the average magnetic moment per atom_n,the density of up and down spin electronic states with a self-consistent tight-binding model Hamiltonian considering the 3d,4s,4p valence electrons.For small(n≤6) clusters,the equilibrium geometries of Fe_n clusters are very similar to those found in rare-gas clusters and are consistent with hard sphere packing.Clusters containing 7-12 atoms exhibit structures consisting of a pentagonal ring that is the backbone of an icosahedron.The structure of Fe_(13) is an icosahedron.For n=14-19,the clusters form hexagonal ring structures. The_n all have larger values than the bulk value and decrease slowly and non-monotonously with size up.The average coordination number,the local coordination number distributions in cluster geometry and spd hybridization are significant factors to affect the electronic and magnetic properties.


Chronic heart failure(CHF) got high morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disesse.We treat CHF based on the conception holism of five organs,pay attention to the connection of five Zang-visera,and give patience comprehensive trestment,according to the relationship of five Zang-visera and the pathogenesis of the disease.It has got predominant effect and reduce side effect of certain mestern medicine.


KX2-Hawaii (Reg. No. CV-281, PI 647963) (Leucaena hybrid) is a tropical, multipurpose, woody forage legume developed at the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR) of the University of Hawaii. It was derived from hybrids made in 1976 between Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit and L. pallida Britton & Rose, followed by six cycles of recurrent mass selection. Each cycle involved 2- to 4-yr growth of -2000 plants pollarded quarterly. All trees were eliminated except self-sterile segregants with high forage-regrowth vigor and with high tolerance of the psyllid (Heteropsylla cubana Crawford). Approximately 120 remaining trees were chosen as parents for the next cycle of selection. KX2-Hawaii was released by CTAHR in 2007.


The role of HLA‐G is extensively studied in cancer due to its inhibition of the immune response. Several polymorphisms in the HLA‐G gene have been reported to significantly affect its expression. We, therefore, investigated whether functionally relevant HLA‐G polymorphisms, HLA‐G‐725C/G/T, and HLA‐G 14‐base pair, have any influence on the susceptibility to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and its clinical course. The polymorphisms were genotyped in 207 previously untreated patients with DLBCL and 150 unrelated controls. A significant difference in genotype distribution of HLA‐G polymorphic genotypes between the patients and controls was found. The frequencies of the HLA‐G−725GG or the HLA‐G−725GC genotype were lower, and those of the HLA‐G ins/ins genotype were higher in the patients compared with the controls. Patients carrying the HLA‐G‐725CC genotype presented a higher probability of overall survival (OS) than subjects with other genotype combinations of HLA‐G‐725C/G/T (P = 0.003). The homozygous HLA‐G del/del had a lower probability of OS than subjects carrying the HLA‐G deletion/insertion (del/ins) or the HLA‐G ins/ins genotype (P = 0.009). Two HLA‐G genotype‐based risk groups were defined according to the genotype distribution. The high‐risk (HR) group presented a shorter OS than low‐risk (LR) patients (P = 0.001). In a multivariate analysis adjusted for International Prognostic Index (IPI) factors, both the intermediate high/high IPI‐risk group (P < 0.0001) and the HR genotype group (P = 0.004) independently increased the risk of death. This is the first study indicating an important role of HLA‐G polymorphisms for the clinical course of DLBCL. The potential influence of HLA‐G polymorphisms on the susceptibility to DLBCL thus deserves further study. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This paper apply similar vector matrix to calculate geometry angle of changing position lathe tool, the method reduce number of times of coordinate shift and simplify calculation process.


The dynamic development of the air transport market has led to a significant increase in air traffic in a highly fragmented and relatively small European airspace. This situation could, in the near future, render the currently functioning European air traffic management (ATM) system obsolete and incapable of providing the high safety standards demanded by the ICAO and Eurocontrol. Recognizing the urgency in finding a solution to this problem, the EU gas launched the Single European Sky (SES) initiative, along with its technological pillar, the Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) programme, which seeks to enhance air traffic safety, support the sustainable development of the air transport system and improve the overall performance of ATM and air navigation services, so that they meet the requirements of all airspace users. This paper presents a selection of the SESAR programme's key technological solutions, such as approaches based on area navigation (RNAV)/Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and the "remote tower" concept, which have been developed to maximize the safety and efficiency of the new European ATM system.


Composite solders were fabricated by mechanically mixing the Sn-3.5Ag solder paste with micron scale of 10 %(volume fraction) Cu and Ni particles.Microstructure,shear strengths,and wetting property were investigated.The results show that the morphology and dimension of intermetallic compound(IMC) at the Cu substrate-solder interface and around the reinforcement particles varied with different Cu and Ni additions.Shear strengths of Cu particle reinforced composite solder joints increase approximately 33 %,while the Ni particle reinforced composite solder joints increase about 20 %.Spreading area of composite solders decrease about 15 %.The wetting angle of Cu particle reinforce composite solder increase from 11° to 18°.


The radiative decay of the massive neutrino $\nu_i \rightarrow \nu_j \gamma ( m_i > m_j )$ in the external electromagnetic field is analyzed in detail in the framework of the standard model with lepton mixing. It is shown, that a sort of a catalysis of the neutrino radiative decay takes place. The effect of catalysis is significant in the strong electromagnetic fields ($F \gg B_e = m^2_e / e \simeq 4.41 \cdot 10^{13}$ G) ; it is more pronounced in the case of the decay of the ultrarelativistic neutrino $(E_{\nu} \gg m_{\nu})$, even in a relatively weak electromagnetic field ($F \ll m^2_e/e$).


Of the many inhal ation drugs available today, nitrous ox ide is the only one which is both nonex plosive and non-tox ic. Although the compound is rarely listed as a primary agent , it is used on almost every patient. The usefulness of nitrous oxide tends to be dismissed because it is considered to be relatively weak. However, with the continuing trend toward lighter anesthesia see n during the past qu arter century, this viewpoint is no longer reasonable. The fac t th at MA C for haloth ane can be reduced to one third by the addition of 70 % nitrous oxide attests to the drug's potency. The ex perience of many prac ticing anesthetists throughout the United States indicates that anesthetic administration currently is more striking in its similar ities than in its differences. It may even be said that a universal modern anesthetic sequence has evolved ( fig . I ) . First, almost eve ryone uses thio-


Multi-document summarization transforms a set of related documents into a concise summary. Existing Indonesian news article summarization does not take relationships between sentences into account and depends heavily on Indonesian language tools and resources. This study employed Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) which allows for word embedding sequence and sentence relationship graph as input for Indonesian news article summarization. The system in this study comprised four main components: preprocess, graph construction, sentence scoring, and sentence selection components. Sentence scoring component is a neural network that uses Recurrent Neural Network and GCN to produce scores for all sentences. This study used three different representation types for the sentence relationship graph. The sentence selection component then generates a summary with two different techniques: by greedily choosing sentences with the highest scores and by using the Maximum Marginal Relevance (MMR) technique. The evaluation showed that the GCN summarizer with Personalized Discourse Graph, a graph representation system, achieved the best results with an average Received: 17 Julai 2018 Accepted: 8 January 2019 Published: 10 June 2019 Journal of ICT, 18, No. 3 (July) 2019, pp: 345–365 346 ROUGE-2 recall score of 0.370 for a 100-word summary and 0.378 for a 200-word summary. Sentence selection using the greedy technique gave better results for generating a 100-word summary, while the MMR performed better for generating a 200-word summary.


Along with the CCD performance and the continuous improvement of the manufacturing process, CCD technology has been widely used in the army and civilian areas. Especially the measurement, collection imagement and so on, it have an inestimable role. CCD drive circuit and drive signal has important effect with the system stability, so they became the most basic and the most critical problem for the application with CCD. In this paper, we make an example for the TOSHIBA company linear CCD components TCD1501C. Through the study of the CCD working characteristic and the sequential circuits waveform figure, design the drive timing and the hardware circuit based on the ARM, and make the CCD comply with the application requirements. The results for this design is satisfactory and we can obtain an stable output video signal for it. It would be meet the laser thickness gauge requirements, and will be as a laser thickness gauge signal acquisition front are applied in the actual demand.


A vitrified grinding wheel having a porosity (desirably 30 to 70 vol.%), a concentration ratio of abrasive grain (desirably 50 to 160), and an abrasive grain size (desirably 10 to 90 mum) based on pre-set grinding efficiency and grinding accuracy, desirably, a grinding accuracy of 0.1 to 1.6 Rz (mum) and a grinding efficiency of 0.1 to 2.0 mm3/(mm.sec), and a method of manufacturing the vitrified grinding wheel.


Objective: to analyze qualitative designs from phenomenological investigations that had HIV/AIDS as a problematic. Methods: brazilian nursing scientific production review, having HIV/AIDS as theoratical pole and phenomenology as epistemological pole. Developed in August 2014 and analyzed according the book Research Dynamic in Social Sciences. Results: On analyzed production, phenomenology was defined as an epistemological pole; different issues around HIV/AIDS were investigated as theoretical pole; on morphologicla pole, different authors were defined to guide the studies theroretically, philosophically and methodologically ando n the technical pole, phenomenological interview was used to obtain data. Conclusions: phenomenology has shown itself as fundamental to enable comprehension of facets remain veiled by the desease, prejudice and discrimination related to the context of the AIDS epidemy.


Government size effects the economic growth directly and indirectly, and its excessive expansion appears to be a worldwide problem. In order to study the impact of the government size on the economic growth in China, this paper attempts to evaluate the effects of the economic growth dynamically. The results show that enlarging the size of the government will inhibit the economic growth,then in order to promote the economic growth continually,reducing the size of the government is imperative.


A new radar method for the estimation of the electron number density, electron temperature, and ion temperature in a plasma which is modified by a strong electromagnetic wave is described. The method relies on the possibility of obtaining high resolution plasma line spectra containing the main parametric decay lines together with a few parametric decay cascade lines. Assuming that simple, linear wave kinematical arguments are valid it is shown that the frequency shifts between these lines under certain circumstances can be used to determine three of the most important plasma parameters in the nonlinear interaction region.


Taking the gas prediction information system of Pansan mine as an example, this paper discusses how to achieve the scientific and automatic management of gas prediction by using the advanced geography information system(GIS)technique and computer technique. The collective framework and the functions of the system are analyzed and designed, based on ArcView. Moreover, the key technology of this system is also analyzed.


Inelastic design of steel structures to withstand seismic forces requires a knowledge of the behavior of connections when subjected to cyclically reversed loading. This paper contains a description of the design and quasi-static testing of selected steel beam-to-column connection specimens. The motivations for the choice of connection types and over-all geometry of the specimens are described, relating them to full-size prototypes used in actual building frames. The characteristics of the test installation are described, including means of loading, type of lateral support provided, etc. The programs of cycling of most of the tests are presented in terms of the deflection of the tip of the cantilever beam. Typical hysteresis diagrams and failure photographs are also included. The outstanding features of the behavior of several specimens during testing are described and compared, and possible explanations given for particular aspects. It is shown that steel connections are remarkably resistant to failure due to cyclically induced damage. The results of all of the tests are summarized, and an attempt made to draw comparisons and conclusions of some-what broader applicability.


The establishment of intellectual property in the law as an independent object of civil law has created conditions for independent participation in the civil turnover of the results of intellectual activity and obtaining material benefits from their use. The independent material value of the possession of an exclusive right to the result of intellectual activity consists precisely in the ability to bring income to its owner. It is necessary to learn to understand the legal essence and, consequently, to understand how this object is applied in civil law, protected, based on the fact that intellectual property has a dual nature.


In this study, it was aimed to develop a rubric to determine the travel writing levels of secondary school 7th grade students and to determine the students› travel writing skill levels. The descriptive scanning design of the quantitative model was adopted. It was decided to develop an analytical rubric because it serves to measure the sub-skills of each skill and can be presented as feedback to the students. The rubric consists of three dimensions: layout, spelling, and punctuation, language and expression, and 18 items. It consists of 4 levels 1 (improved), 2 (moderate), 3 (good), and 4 (very good). The study group of the research consists of 114 7th grade students. The students in the study group were asked to write a travel writing text in one class hour and the travel writings were evaluated by two experts using the travel writing rubric. The collected data were analyzed using the descriptive analysis technique. As a result of the research, it was determined that most of the students were at a good level in using titles, including observations and impressions, commenting on the places visited, giving place to their memories about the trip, and making descriptions and coherent writing in their travel writings. In addition, it was determined that the students did not compare the places they visited and the places they lived in their travel writings in terms of place and society, did not give information about the geographical and historical characteristics of the place visited, and did not talk about the traditions and customs of the place visited.


The impact of maternal influence across all species on lifelong health and performance is a topic that while recognized as important in the past was not heavily explored until more recently. Over the years, production has focused on sow nutrition and its role in improving birth weights and weaning weights. Today's sow has approximately 3 more pigs per litter compared to sows 12 years ago and is producing more milk than that of a sow a quarter of a century ago (Nielsen et al. 2018; Rosero, et al, 2016). The biological challenges of supporting the increased total born and milk production, the change in the genetics and lean mass of the sow, along with the environmental challenges such as disease, temperature and social interactions have created an ever changing dynamic that has the potential to influence the sow's nutritional demands, but also complicates the interpretation of data generated in sow facilities. Along with the increase in total born, other issues such as pelvic organ prolapses and agalactia have also started to increase. While little is known at this time as to the causative nature of these conditions, the goal to quickly resolve such challenges has become absolute. Furthermore, many wonder what else is on the horizon for the modern day sow? Researchers are working to better understand the basis of sow to piglet interaction in terms of immunology, microbiome hereditability and progeny wean to finish performance alongside those working to better understand nutritional requirements to improve longevity of the female. The presentation will focus on these aspects associated with predicting issues for the sows and proactively addressing these concerns along with exploring knowledge advancements and aligning them with sow performance and production.


Addition of second-phase nanosize defects to YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) superconductor thin films is known to enhance flux pinning and increase current densities (Jc). The addition of Y2BaCuO5 (Y211) was previously studied in (Y211/ YBCO)N multilayer structures and in Y211 + YBCO films deposited from pie-shaped targets. This research systematically studies the effect of Y211 addition in thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition from YBCO1-xY211x(x = 0-15 vol.%) single targets, at temperatures of 785°C-840°C. Interestingly, the resulting size of Y211 particles is 20-40 nm, in contrast to 10-15 nm in previous studies of Y211 and 5-10 nm for other second-phase defect additions, and the number density is reduced. A slight increase of Jc(H, T) was achieved, compared with previous optimization studies. Results and comparisons of flux pinning, intrinsic stresses imaged by TEM, current densities, critical temperatures, and microstructures will be presented. The overall low intrinsic stress on YBCO from Y211 lattice mismatch is smaller than previously studied second-phase defect additions known, which is hypothesized to be the driving force in achieving the unusually large second-phase nanoparticle size and volume fraction thus far in YBCO thin films.


A non-modal transient disturbances growth in a stably stratified mixing layer flow is studied numerically. The model accounts for a density gradient within a shear region, implying a heavier layer at the bottom. Numerical analysis of non-modal stability is followed by a full three-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) with the optimally perturbed base flow. It is found that the transient growth of two-dimensional disturbances diminishes with the strengthening of stratification, while three-dimensional disturbances cause significant non-modal growth, even for a strong, stable stratification. This non-modal growth is governed mainly by the Holmboe modes and does not necessarily weaken with the increase of the Richardson number. The optimal perturbation consists of two waves traveling in opposite directions. Compared to the two-dimensional transient growth, the three-dimensional growth is found to be larger, taking place at shorter times. The non-modal growth is observed in linearly stable regimes and, in slightly linearly supercritical regimes, is steeper than that defined by the most unstable eigenmode. The DNS analysis confirms the presence of the structures determined by the transient growth analysis.


This text analyzes the drifts of the term «truth» (reality) and how it has influenced the configuration of public space, especially through its media dimension. The objective is to debate and study the origin and scope of terms such as post-truth, post-censorship and the perversion of the democracy that the oclocracy implies. To do this, a hybrid methodology is used that combines the tools of philosophy, sociology and audiovisual analysis and aims to provide some light on the way in which the various agents of change are combined, as well as offer some lines of action that minimize the potential dangers of new forms of information propagation.


A collection of 200 lines of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) showed significant variability for plant height, branches/plant, days to flowering and maturity, umbels and umbellets/plant, grains/umbel let, 1000-grain weight, straw and grain yield/plant. The heritability estimate was high for 1000-grain weight, days to flowering and maturity, and low for umbels, umbellets, and grain yield/plant. Grain yield/plant had positive and significant correlation with plant height, branches, umbels, and umbellets/plant, grains/umbel let, and straw yield/plant. Path coefficient analysis revealed that umbellets/plant. 1000-grain weight, and branches/plant were the most important characters for selection of high yielding genotypes, as they had direct positive effect as well as positive (except 1000-grain weight) association with grain yield/plant.


A method for producing silicon carbide whisker reinforced mullite composite tubes for use as thermostructural components in chemically aggressive environments was developed. A laminate fabrication methodology developed in previous studies at the Center for Advanced Materials (CAM) for fabricating planar species with functionally graded properties was adapted for the fabrication of tubular geometries. The process consists of tape-casting whisker reinforced mullite laminae, following by winding the laminae onto graphite mandrels, encapsulating in fused silica envelopes, and densifying via hot isostatic pressing. Significant effort was directed at proper mandrel properties selection, and identifying hot isostatic pressing parameters to achieve fully densified, crack-free tubes. Dense tubes containing up to 30 volume percent silicon carbide whiskers were successfully fabricated.


In a study of 52 individuals belonging to 35 species or subspecies of passerine birds it was shown that the volume of the hippocampal complex relative to brain and body size is significantly larger in species that store food than in species that do not. Retrieval of stored food relies on an accurate and long-lasting spatial memory, and hippocampal damage disrupts memory for storage sites. The results suggest, therefore, that food-storing species of passerines have an enlarged hippocampal complex as a specialization associated with the use of a specialized memory capacity. Other lifehistory variables were examined and found not to be correlated with hippocampal volume. Some species of birds store large numbers offood items, each in a separate place, and use an accurate, long-lasting spatial memory to retrieve their stores (1-5). We show here that the hippocampal complex (dorsomedial forebrain) (6) of foodstoring passerines is larger relative to body and brain size than that of nonstorers. Thus, across a range of species, a relationship has been found between the structure of a specific brain area outside sensory and motor areas and a specific behavior.


The Minha Casa Minha Vida Program (PMCMV) congregates today almost the totality of housing production for lower middle and middle classes in Brazil . However, the architectural quality of projects are not consistent with PMCMV relevancy, highlighting the climate adaptation aspect. Searching for better quality of housing production, the standard NBR 15575-1 (ABNT, 2013) defines minimum performance parameters for these buildings, while the Technical Regulation on Quality of Residential Buildings - RTQ-R (BRAZIL, 2013) lists a set of evaluation parameters for energy efficiency, including thermal performance of buildings envelope. Both references use computer simulation for assessing the thermal and /or energy performance, but using different approaches. This work presents the partial results of an undergraduate survey that aims to evaluate the thermal performance of a representative multifamily building of PMCMV in Maceio - AL, comparing the approaches for assessing thermal performance proposed by NBR 15575-1 and by RTQ-R. The method is based in computer simulations performed with EnergyPlus software v. 8.1. of a four storied building, "H" plan floor shape and 4 units per floor. For assessing the natural ventilation performance, it was used PHOENICS VR 3.6. software (CHAM, 2005).


A novel dual-wideband printed monopole antenna is proposed for wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The proposed antenna consists of a T-shaped monopole on top and dual combined G-shaped slots etched symmetrically on the ground plane to achieve a dual-wideband performance. Prototype of the proposed antenna has been constructed and tested. The measured 10dB bandwidths for return loss are 1.76GHz from 2.13 to 3.89GHz and 0.92GHz from 5.03 to 5.95GHz, covering all the 2.4/5.2/5.8GHz WLAN and 2.5/3.5/5.5GHz WiMAX bands. And this antenna also has omni-directional patterns over the lower operating range.


The latest data form Xinjiang Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau:the forecast coal resource in Xinjiang is 2.19 trillion tonnes,accounting for about 40% of China.The rich energy resource has brought great opportunity to Xinjiang development,but also brought chances to mining industry.Coal developing companies,coal mining equipment suppliers and related industry have tremendous business opportunities.It is noteworthy that Shenhua Xinjiang Zhundong Coal Mine didn't purchase equipment to mine by their own as the most open air coal mines.They contracted out the earthwork and exploitation to the out-contractor,it's the first time of this operation in China.What is the impact for mining industry? What is the advantage and disadvantage? What is the impact for mining equipment pu rchase,operation,maintenance,etc? CMTM invited the managers and leaders from coal,metallurgy,building materials,mining equipment management and mining contractors,equipment suppliers to discuss on it.


In order to experimentally investigate the flow dynamics around a 3D barchan dune, herein we adopt a new experimental approach that enables us to quantify flow around complex morphologies using a refractive index matching (RIM) flume. This technique allows the model barchan to be rendered invisible, thus permitting use of standard optical techniques for flow-field quantification. Here, we present full details of this unique new RIM facility and detail its use to investigate flow around a model barchan dune. These results are compared to past experimental and numerical models of barchan


We study the self-gravitational effect on the equation of state (EoS) of Bose and Fermi gases in thermal equilibrium at the end of reheating, the period after quark-hadron transition and before big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). After introducing new grand canonical partition functions based on the work of Uhlenbeck and Gropper, we notice some interesting features of the newly developed EoSs with distinct behaviors of relativistic and nonrelativistic gases under self-gravity. The usual negligence of the self-gravitational effect when solving the background expansion of the early Universe is justified with numerical results, showing the magnitude of the self-gravitational modification of the state constant to be less than O(10{sup -78}). This helps us to clarify the background thermal evolution of the primordial patch. Such clarification is crucial in testing gravity theories, evaluating inflation models and determining element abundances in BBN.


1 Intravenous enalaprilic acid (2.5 mg) was given to 11 patients with stable cardiac failure (NYHA functional class II-IV). 2 Reductions in mean right atrial, pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 25%, 18% and 30% respectively (P < 0.01), were observed. Cardiac output rose by 13% (NS) and mean blood pressure fell by 20% (P < 0.01) with a decrease in systemic vascular resistance of 24% (P < 0.01). Heart rate was unaltered. 3 The haemodynamic effects correlated with control plasma renin activity (r = 0.78, P < 0.01). 4 Marked hypotension occurred in several subjects but no other side-effects were noted. 5 The rapid onset of action and mixed venous and arteriolar dilating activity of intravenous enalaprilic acid may be an advantage in some clinical situations where parenteral vasodilating therapy is required.


Online finding aids, internet search tools, and increased access to the World Wide Web have greatly changed how patrons find archival collections. Through analyzing eighteen months of access data collected via web analytics tools, this article examines how patrons discover archival materials. Contrasts are drawn between access from library catalogs and from online search engines, with the latter outweighing the former by an overwhelming margin, and argues whether archival description practices should change accordingly. The past decade brought a revolution in intellectual access to archival collections through the emergence of the online finding aid. These tools, created in a multiplicity of formats (EAD, HTML, PDF, and others), have made it possible for researchers anywhere to use an Internet connection to find materials in archives. Since archivists first introduced this genre of digital documents to support unmediated discovery, they have been accompanied by questions about their use and usability. Tools exist to measure access counts and the pathways followed to these finding aids, but to date very little has been published to show whether these tools are being used for this purpose, or what the results are if they are being used. This article will examine the experience of one repository, Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections (MASC) at the Washington State University Libraries, in collecting and analyzing data about the use of online finding aids. By 2008, MASC had well over eight hundred HTML finding aids online but no real numeric data 1 O'English: Applying Web Analytics to Online Finding Aids Published by DigitalCommons@USU, 2011 either on how often they were being accessed or on how they were found. In an effort to gather this data, MASC staff placed code from Google Analytics, a statisticsgathering Web service, on each finding aid webpage, as well as on other local gateway and digital collections pages. The intent was to explore the paths patrons follow to finding aids with the hope of improving access, as well as gaining patron-derived information that would help establish priorities for processing collections from the repository backlog and to determine which processed collections might benefit from further attention. The results of the statistical analysis provide useful data on where and how MASC users access our finding aids. Prior to the age of digital finding aids, their paper predecessors were found through various methods, which were generally predictable and well-defined, including online and analog library catalogs, published listings, and mediation by archives staff in person or by telephone. As the digital age emerged, many archives channeled substantial resources into major conversion projects, digitizing finding aids and often creating access to them through existing or new MARC records in online library catalogs. Digital search tools have become increasingly powerful and widespread, and social media have emerged as another path to online finding aids. Archivists with quantitative and qualitative data about the use of online finding aids can make better-informed decisions about the most effective ways to support discovery. The findings in this study suggest that it may again be time to change focus, shifting resources away from catalogs and toward the finding aids themselves.


This paper presents a 60 GHz liquid sensing cavity resonator realized in LTCC technology for liquid sensing applications, such as in lab-on-chip microfluidics. The LTCC cavity senses the liquid through means of an opening in the cavity's bottom metal layer. Different liquids underneath the cavity result in different resonant frequencies and coupling levels of the cavity. Measurements were performed with water-methanol mixtures, resulting in an observed 400 MHz shift of maximum coupling frequencies and 0.8 dB of maximum coupling levels.


Objective:To study application of rapid prototyping and laser near-shape manufacturing technology in establishing molar full crown.Methods:A total of 158 cases were randomly divided into observation group and control group by half.Conventional molar full crown technology was applied in control group,while rapid prototyping and laser near-shape manufacturing technology was adopted in observation group.Status of molar make-up products and their service conditions was observed and compared.Results:The method of observation group was more simple and convenient,and the effective rates of tooth recovery conditions and functions were significantly higher than control group(P0.05).Conclusions:Rapid prototyping and laser near-shape manufacturing technology is very convenient,and the recovery rate of tooth function and structure is higher.It can ensure patients' life quality and it is worthy of clinical promotion.


. It can be safely assumed that the majority of Christians believe we have something positive to say on the subject of sexual ethics in today's world. But as soon as we begin to consider just what it is that Christians ought to be saying, we find ourselves seriously divided. While some believe that we must assert with fresh vigour what they hold the . church has always said, others believe that the time has come for the church to formulate a new theology of sexuality. As always, when people sincerely hold different points of view on a matter of major importance, there is a danger of polarization. I hope that this paper will facilitate discussion and not cause deeper division. .


Carbon dioxide (CO2) is cheap, renewable, abundant, and nontoxic carbon feedstocks in chemical reactions. In the past two decades, utilization of CO2 in polymer science has become a meaningful topic bridging two separate subjects, namely CO2 valorization and sustainable polymer synthesis. This review summarizes the recent progress in CO2 copolymer materials from synthesis to material performance adjustment, focusing on commercialized or potential commodity sustainable materials such as biodegradable polycarbonates and new structure polyurethanes from CO2‐polyol building blocks.