This study was conducted to find out the English reading habits among engineering students in terms of how often, how much and what the students usually read between academic and non-academic materials. Besides that, their motivation towards English language reading was also been investigate in this study. The instruments used for this study were questionnaire and interviews. Fifty respondents were randomly selected from Faculty of computing who are pursuing a Bachelor of Software Engineering for the quantitative data collection. Six of the respondents were chosen for the interview sessions. The result of this study has revealed that the respondents frequently read course materials and online leisure materials. Majority of the respondents spends between one to two hours in a day to read academic materials in English language. Moreover, majority of the respondents spend less than one hour and between one to two hours in a day to read non-academic materials in English language. Apart from that, the respondents are extrinsically motivated to read academic materials in English language and they are not intrinsically motivated to read both academic and non-academic materials in English language. The findings of this study would provide useful information for the language teachers, lecturers and university administrators in planning programme to cultivate students reading habits and to motivate students to read in English language in the future.


The paper specifies the development of synthetic laboratories to facilitate collaborative learning. We evaluated the usability of virtual labs that comprise media tools and complex computer simulations. The goal was to quantify impact of interactive 3D visualization on students during their conduct of simulated physical experiments at the same time from different places. Students experimented alone and together with data from engineering and meteorology. They worked under varying technical conditions during two test trials where we investigated the impact of stereo vision and collaboration tools on usability which comprises speed, accuracy, and satisfaction. Students enjoyed using the system, and the study showed three trends: (i) users' performance increased when they wore stereo-glasses; (ii) voice chat was preferred over video conferencing; (iii) the system facilitated collaboration. Author


This paper attributes the slowed progress of oil to coal conversion to increased oil supplies, the cost of capital, and political uncertainties. It reports that the World Coal Study predicted a doubling or tripling of coal requirements by the year 2000. It points out that the North American utility market will continue to provide the US coal industry with its largest market.


The glottal stop /?/ of Korean is an abstract phoneme which does not realize. The majority of studies accept this phoneme, though. That is because there is no explainable alternative as well as it can be a brief explanation. However /?/ appears in paradigm of conjugated endings such as [ant'a], [kamt'a], [k?lk'u], [k?lt'?na] and [k?r?mun], that the ending of the words are changed as a glottalization in Gangneung dialect. That is why, contrary to accepted study, this study involves ``regular conjugation, a list of ending, surface, morph``. In consequence, /?/ in the previous study appears a phonological nonuniformity but we know that surface has a rule in general. That is, these lists of ending preserve morphological uniformity as a surface list of ending. I describe this study as an Output-Output identity constraint in Optimality Theory.


With the closure of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo,people pay more attention to the translation of slogans.Taking the slogans of Shanghai World Expo as examples,this article sums up the differences between East and West in three aspects in analyzing the status quo of slogan translation.First,English is static language,while Chinese is dynamic language.Second,according to the way of thinking,Chinese people emphasize subject,while Western people emphasize object.Third,the thinking way of Chinese people is euphemistic and holistic,while that of Western is logic and inferential.


Abstract To expedite the application of fuel injection equipment to diesel engines, powertrain engineers are simulating the rate of injection with computer models. Many of the simple models give quite substantial errors if fuel cavitation in the high pressure system and the variations in bulk modulus with temperature and pressure are not included. This paper discuses cavitation and a companion paper discusses the treatment of non-linear bulk modulus. Diesel fuel injection nozzle hole size has been reduced and the injection pressures have been raised, to improve combustion, and the termination of the injection has been accelerated, to reduce carbon particle mass in the exhaust. High injection pressures and rapid termination set up very large hydraulic waves in the pipes and drillings of the fuel injection system, be it pump-pipe-nozzle or accumulator/common rail in type. The fuel momentum generated in these vigorous wave actions leaves such low pressures in parts of the system that vapour bubbles form in the fuel. Cavitation changes the bulk modulus of the fuel and the collapse of the cavities imparts sudden high pressure pulses to the fuel columns in the system and changes injection characteristics significantly. When modelling devices to control injection rate, the cavitation and non-linear bulk modulus have to be incorporated into the model. To this end, the concept of 'condensation' has been useful. The cavitated pipe section is divided into liquid and liquid + vapour mixture columns and modified momentum and mass conservation equations are applied separately. The model has been validated with a particular application of a rotary distributor pump to a high speed direct injection diesel engine, which is one of the more difficult fuel injection systems to model in which cavitation occurs at several operating conditions. The simulation results show the cavitation characteristics very well. This cavitated flow calculation model may be applied to other one-dimensional flow systems In addition, a more comprehensive injector model is introduced, which considers two loss factors at the needle seat and holes, sac volume, and viscous drag and leakage. This enhanced injector model shows some improvement at low load conditions


The present invention discloses an information processing apparatus and an information processing method. The information processing apparatus comprising: a storage unit for storing at least one library and the plug, the plug is a program for executing the printing process, the library represents a component of the plug; generating means for generating image data to be printed and comprising intermediate file print setting information of the image data; widget execution unit for executing a print setting including the plug-ins and a library of at least reflected to the print setting information; and an output unit for outputting image data including the reflecting and intermediate file print setting information of print settings plug-ins.


Inhibition of tight junction formation between two malaria parasite proteins, apical membrane antigen 1 and rhoptry neck protein 2, crucial for red blood cell invasion, prevents the disease progression. In this work, we have utilized a unique approach to design a chimeric peptide, prepared by fusion of the best features of two peptide inhibitors, that has displayed parasite growth inhibition, in-vitro, with nanomolar IC50, which is hundredfold better than any of its parent peptides. Further, to gain structural insights, we computationally modeled the hybrid peptide on its receptor.


Simple Summary In patients with advanced radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), therapeutic options are limited. In the "Study of (E7080) Lenvatinib in Differentiated Cancer of the Thyroid (SELECT)", Lenvatinib significantly prolonged the progression-free survival, resulting in a more frequent use in clinical practice for this patient group. Due to considerable side effects, an accurate assessment of response to treatment is crucial in these patients. Therefore, we aimed to improve treatment individualization and reduce unnecessary therapies by selecting patients who will most likely benefit from Lenvatinib treatment using 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose positron-emission-tomography/computed-tomography. Abstract Background: The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) Lenvatinib represents one of the most effective therapeutic options in patients with advanced radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). We aimed to assess the role of 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose positron-emission-tomography/computed-tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) in the monitoring of functional tumor response compared to morphological response. Methods: In 22 patients, a modified Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria In Solid Tumors (mPERCIST) evaluation before treatment with Lenvatinib and at 3 and 6 month follow up was performed. Further PET-parameters and morphologic tumor response using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 were assessed and their prediction of progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) was evaluated. Results: Most patients were rated stable in morphological evaluation and progressive using a metabolic response. All patients who responded to therapy through RECIST showed a decline in nearly all Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-parameters. For both time-points, non-responders according to mPERCIST showed significantly lower median PFS and DSS, whereas according to RECIST, only DSS was significantly lower. Conclusion: Tumor response assessment by 18F-FDG-PET outperforms morphological response assessment by CT in patients with advanced radioiodine refractory DTC treated with Lenvatinib, which seems to be correlated with clinical outcomes.


This paper builds on recent work that shows how financial sector outcomes are affected by the provision of information by financial and other entities. In particular, it shows that an indicator of economic transparency is positively related to higher levels of private credit and a lower share of nonperforming loans even after accounting for factors commonly believed to influence financial sector development in cross-country empirical estimation. Timely access to economic data allows investors to make better decisions on investments and to better monitor banks' financial health. Greater economic transparency raises accountability and lowers corruption in bank lending.


Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the epidemiology of respiratory viruses. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) led to a dramatic reduction in respiratory infections. However, the long-term effects on respiratory virus epidemiology remain unclear. Materials and Methods: We conducted a comparative study on hospitalized pediatric patients with respiratory illness during two seasons: 1 October 2021 to 15 March 2022 and 1 October 2022 to 15 March 2023. We compared the type of virus, mean duration of hospitalization, and disease severity. Results: In the first season, 47.1% of patients (65/138) tested positive for at least one respiratory virus, with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) being the most frequent (23.2%). In the second season, 82.9% of patients (102/123) tested positive, with RSV and Rhinovirus being the most prevalent (28.38% and 27.03%, respectively). Other viruses, such as Influenza A/B, Metapneumovirus, and Adenovirus, also showed increased prevalence. Disease severity and mean duration of hospitalization were similar between the two seasons. Conclusions: Our study highlights increased prevalence in respiratory viruses, including RSV and Rhinovirus, following the easing of NPIs. The prevalence in respiratory viruses, including RSV and Rhinovirus, increased in the second season compared to the first one. Interestingly, RSV's peak incidence shifted from February to November. The emergence of rhinovirus as the most prevalent respiratory virus during certain months suggests viral competition and dynamic changes in viral circulation. The overall severity of respiratory infections remained relatively stable between the seasons.


Recent articles have dealt with thermistor voltage-current Curves and the electrothermal interaction problem. Both of these topics have been investigated in conjunction with another specific thermistor application, the thermistor-bolometer infrared detector. The following bibliography is extracted from a study of infrared detectors in the hope of bridging electronic and optical literature concerning thermistors. Most of the following references deal specifically with thermistor-bolometer detectors, but have been selected for some contribution to the general problems of electrothermal interaction and thermistor characteristics.


: Over the last decade reverse logistics has received growing attention given the convergence several situations. On the other hand, there is a genuine concern about environmental matters and sustainability of the intended development from the entire process. Most manufacturing industries are currently facing challenges in complying with the regulatory requirements from the regulatory bodies(Alfred Eshikhati & of Nairobi, 2014). The cost of non-compliance with the environmental requirements could attract great expenses as well as time consumption. Reverse logistics is perceived to enhances and promote customer loyalty and service, trust on company's products, recovery of asset value faster and achievement of a sustainable objectives and goals. Reverse Logistics (RL) aims at improving product, enhances stakeholder's relationship customer satisfaction and motivation and sustainability. A number of studies reveals the impacts of adoption of various RL practices with none showing specifically the effects of reuse, remanufacture and RL practices on performance of manufacturing firms in modern companies especially in Kenya.


To solve the problem of data association and state estimation in multiple targets tracking system,we brought the network into the algorithms.By using the thinking of Hopfield network in TSP problem,NJPDA algorithm avoided the large computational burden in JPDA,and the parameters in NJPDA can be confirmed online.Based on the prime data association received from NJPDA,we used simplified data fusion adaptive filtering algorithm to realize the state estimation and prediction.These algorithms make the best use of the merits of the neural network ensure the accuracy and real-time of multiple targets tracking.


international area. Three remarks are in order at the outset. First, a point of clarification: the term 'telecommunications' embraces considerably more than television. It covers radio, telex, telephone, telegraph, remote sensing (i.e. satellite photography), and computerised data-accessing. These latter aspects-'point-to-point' telecommunication-are mostly harder to research in the Soviet bloc than television, which (as will be seen) is difficult enough. This article restricts itself, in the main, to television.1 Second, the article assumes a variety of important interactions between foreign and domestic policies in all nations. There is a growing discussion of this theme in relation to the Soviet Union,2 and I shall proceed on the assumption that this interaction pertains on certain levels between domestic and international telecommunications policies as well. Third, and closely related to the position just taken, I assume a close relation between telecommunications-especially but not exclusively television-and the construction of hegemony in the USSR. Till fairly recently, this hegemony-used approximately in the Gramscian sense-has often been claimed unnecessary because of mass terror. As the great oversimplification in this view has come to be acknowledged-not before time-there has emerged a much more intelligent debate around these issues, initially focussed on themes of patriotism and consumer economy, and now extending out into other aspects of Soviet society.3 This debate cannot be recapitulated here, but suffice it to say that I begin from the position that there are a considerable number of ideological strands in the hegemonic processes of any society. Their conceptual reduction only works to the disadvantage of any effort to understand the society in question.


Chen [2] extended the TOPSIS to a fuzzy environment. In his work, a vertex method was proposed to measure the distance between two given triangular fuzzy numbers. He further applied the vertex method to measure the distance between the weighted normalized fuzzy ratings and the fuzzy positive (negative}-ideal solutions to complete the fuzzy TOPSIS model. Despite the merits of his work, this application is not reasonable. Because the weighted normalized fuzzy ratings are truly not triangular fuzzy numbers. To overcome the above shortcomings, we suggest an improved fuzzy TOPSIS model, where membership functions for the weighted normalized fuzzy ratings are presented. A simple method is also proposed for ranking fuzzy numbers with mean of relative areas. This ranking method is further applied to establish the proposed model. Illustrative examples demonstrate the merits of the proposed ranking method and the feasibility of the improved fuzzy TOPSIS model, respectively.


The promotion of physical activity among older adults is a national public health priority. Indeed, the aging process is accompanied by a gradual decrease in individual adaptation capacity and in the effectiveness of several mechanisms. To date, science has recognized many beneficial practices (conventional or technological) that may have physical, psychological, and cognitive health benefits even at a very advanced age. Although some issues require a continuation of current work in terms of causality and the intensity of the program, the goal for future years appears to be preventing a sedentary lifestyle and promoting regular, moderate physical activity.

Keywords:

cognitive neuropsychology;
health;
physical exercise;
sport and exercise psychology;
training


The martensitic phase transition in Ni2MnGa related alloys is investigated. The stability of the low temperature phase is assessed by a structural investigation of a cold worked sample. The stability of the low temperature martensitic phase with respect to internal strains is determined. It is argued that the experimental observations are consistent with an electronic mechanism being responsible for causing the martensitic phase transition. Alloying experiments with partial substitution of Ga by either In or Sn show a stronger dependence of the martensitic phase transition on the number of conduction electrons than on the size of atoms or variations of their distances. These experimental findings are consistent with band structure calculations and changes brought about by atomic disorder.


We investigated interactions of positively and negatively charged 5 nm ND (zeta potentials of 50 and −60 mV, respectively; provided by Carbodeon, Vantaa, Finland) with RAECM. Transepithelial resistance (Rt) and equivalent short circuit current (Ieq) of RAECM in the presence and absence of ND in apical fluid for up to 24 h did not change. We estimated cellular uptake and transepithelial trafficking of ND across RAECM over 24h spectrofluorometrically with excitation/emission wavelengths at 275/555 nm. Cell uptake of positively charged ND was ~3 times greater than that (~9 pg/μg cell protein) of negatively charged ND, while transepithelial trafficking of positively and negatively charged ND was about the same at ~20 pg/cm2/s. Trafficking of ND is ~10‐fold faster than that of negatively or positively charged quantum dots (core diameter 5 nm) and negatively charged polystyrene nanoparticles (PNP, 20 nm), but ~2‐fold slower than that of positively charged PNP (20 nm). These data indicate that positively or negatively charged ND do not affect barrier function of alveolar epithelium and suggest that ND surface charge affects accumulation in but not translocation across alveolar epithelium. Mechanisms underlying ND entry into/egress from alveolar epithelial cells remain to be determined.


Reeb graph is a graph which can represents the skeletal and topological structure of a 3D shape, and multiresolutional Reeb graph as an improvement of Reeb graph which include a series of Reeb graphs for an object at various levels of detail, is more efficient than original Reeb graph and so widely used in topology based searching fields. This paper proposes a improved algorithm for matching MRGs.


The model [N. Todd, ''A theory of the principal monaural pathway I. Pitch and time perception,'' J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 2491(A) (1996)] proposes also to account for the psychophysics of time by the interaction of a ''sensory memory,'' in the form of the collective response of cortical bandpass cells, and a ''long‐term memory,'' which is the result of learning in a cortical neural network. Since the time constants of the cortical cells are relatively long, their response to an inferior collicular (ICC) input lasts long after the ICC input has ceased (and hence the form of the sensory memory above). The cortical amplitude modulation response is roughly a Laplace transform of the ICC response envelope, and so is highly dependent on envelope duration. The cortical response thus captures both the pitch and durational properties of the tone. It is shown how this model is able to provide an account of two fundamental aspects of auditory temporal processing: (1) the psychophysical law for time interval discrimin...


It is shown that large amplitude periodic oscillations of the magnetic field measured frequently by spacecraft in the magnetosheath, and interpreted as mirror‐mode waves/structures, represent trains of slow‐mode magnetosonic solitons. Nonlinear magnetosonic wave‐trains with properties attributed previously to mirror‐mode structures are obtained as exact solutions of Hall‐MHD equations with anisotropic ion pressure. The theoretically derived properties of magnetosonic solitons are compared with multipoint measurements on Cluster satellites in the magnetosheath with plasma beta (plasma/magnetic pressure) ∼10. The computed properties of nonlinear waves: amplitudes, spatial scales, periodicity, and propagation velocities are consistent with in situ measurements in space.


Purpose – The paper discusses contributions to the IMR special issue on "Global Consumer Culture: The Evolving Nature of Global and Local Consumption"Design/methodology/approach – The approach is conceptual with illustrative examples.Findings – The reader finds a melange of what we term the 6 Fs of global consumer culture: facts, fantasies, foundations, formations, fights, and fallouts. Offering many novel insights, the papers published in the special issue embody the burgeoning landscape of issues concerning the evolving nature of global and local consumer cultures, their effects on consumers' underlying decision-making processes, as well as on how these developments are precipitating a paradigm change in global and local branding approaches.Originality/value – This introduction integrates the contributions made to the special issue along 6 facets by discussing future directions for research on global consumer culture


Biologically guided fractionation of the methanolic extract of the roots of Zanthoxylum flavum Vahi. has led to the isolation of 18 constituents: seven coumarins, seven alkaloids, one lignan, two sterols and one triterpene. The isolated compounds have been identified by comparison of their spectral data with those reported. Among the isolates, 14 compounds have been isolated for the first time from Z. flavum. The coumarin oxypeucedanin (6) displayed significant antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 8.3 μg/mL in the cell-based DCFH-DA assay. The isolated compounds were also evaluated for their antimalarial and cytotoxic activities.


Abstract The development of physically representative models that allow reliable simulation of the processes under realistic conditions is essential for the development and optimization of fuel cells, the introduction of cheaper materials and fabrication techniques, and the design and development of novel architectures. A three-dimensional, multi-phase, non-isothermal computational fluid dynamics model of a novel, simple to construct, tubular, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell which works in still or slowly moving air has been developed. The novel tubular geometry enables optimum air access to the cathode without the need for pumps, fans, or similar devices. This comprehensive model accounts for the major transport phenomena such as convective and diffusive heat and mass transfer, electrode kinetics, transport and phase-change mechanism of water, and potential fields in a tubular-shaped air-breathing PEM fuel cell. The model explains many interacting, complex electrochemical, and transport phenomena that cannot be studied experimentally. Three-dimensional results of the species profiles, temperature distribution, potential distribution, and local current density distribution are presented and analysed, with the focus on the physical insight and fundamental understanding. These results provide a solid basis for optimizing the geometry of the PEM fuel cell stack running in a passive mode.


The technique of photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy has been applied to study the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in a modulation-doped GaAlAs/GaAs heterojunction. We investigate the dependence on temperature of the PR results. At room temperature Franz-Keldysh oscillations-like features are observed. The energy spacing of this oscillations decreases with temperature. Theoretical self-consistent calculations have been carried out to determine the potential profile and sub-band energies in this system. The comparison of the values for the electric field estimated from the calculations and those extracted from the experiment suggests that the observed features are due to the electric field in the space charge region.


We propose a plasmon ruler based on Fano resonance of a trimer nanostructure. Fano line width and contrast ratio can be actively manipulated. The results can be used enhancing the ruler sensitivity greatly.


Leadership is an important aspect in a country's development and shaping of its society. The advancement of a nation is dependent on its leadership. With that in mind, this article aims to shed light on the concept of moderation from the perspective of the leadership of Malaysia's Prime Ministers. The main focus of this study is the concept of moderation utilised by Dato' Seri Mohd Najib Tun Razak's leadership through aspects such as politics, economy and social. The methodology used in this study is document analysis and historical research, which enabled us to obtain complete data. The results of this study show that the concept of moderation does indeed exist in his leadership, in his quest to bring the nation on par with other developed countries.


A series of counseling and discussion activities with the community in Kampung Baru Sentajo, Sentajo Raya District, Kuantan Singingi Regency were carried out with the purpose to increase knowledge, understanding of environmental sustainability and community empowerment towards efforts to prevent river pollution by community activities themselves. This counseling activity was attended by 30 participants with occupational backgrounds such as teachers, civil servants, farmers, journalists, housewives, and fishermen. Meanwhile, their education level starts from elementary school level to bachelor degree. Analysis of measuring activity achievement used descriptive analysis and descriptive statistical calculations. The descriptive statistical calculation uses the ratio of participants to items taken with the total extension participants who attend as a community in Kampung Baru Sentajo, Kuantan Singingi Regency. The analysis results are presented in the form of a pie graph. The results of the evaluation of the activities showed that 89.9% of the people represented by the counseling participants who attended stated that the existence of rivers is very important for life. Meanwhile, another 11.1%, the existence of the river is important for themselves and for the livelihood of many people. As many as 66.7% of them realized that the river in their environment had changed greatly and 33.3% the condition of the river had changed. As much as 55.6% of all participants who attended this counseling activity, the material presented were useful. While 38.9% is very useful. The interesting thing was that there were 5.6% who stated that extension activities were useless. Even though there were 5.6% of participants who took part in the counseling activities provided were useless, all participants of the event had interesting (50%) and very interesting (50%) content. The hope of the participants is that this counseling can be carried out in every village in Kuantan Singingi Regency, especially in villages that are central to unlicensed gold mining (PETI) by involving all village officials. In addition, the participants also expect to get material on practical ways to reduce pollution by liquid waste.


The control of development is often viewed as a simple process which can be approached experimentally in an equally simple fashion. However metabolism, cells, tissues and indeed whole plants form networks with a great density of connections. The control of complicated networks is little understood and their behaviour on perturbation is usually counter-intuitive. The notions of 'limiting factors' and 'cause and effect' are commonly used to conceptualise developmental control by growth substances. This article shows that these concepts are incompatible with metabolic network behaviour and it suggests how both can be modified to bring them into line with modern understanding.


The effect of tempering time on tempering hardness,the tempering curve,the effects of carbon and alloy elements on tempering curve are studied.The relations between the tempering hardness and the temperature for hardened steels are analyzed and their model is set up.


This is the second of a series of two papers comparing the end of life issues in human and veterinary medicine. We outline the main differences between human and animal patients such as patient communication, finance and 'conflicts of interest' between animal, owner and veterinarian. We discuss striking similarities between human and veterinary issues such as assessing quality of life and the primary role of the attending veterinarian or doctor being the welfare and care of the patient. This paper takes the form of an ethical argument in favour of allowing euthanasia in human medicine, by providing insights into end of life issues for humans from an independent veterinary perspective. Veterinary surgeons are well trained in the ethics of euthanasia and put it to good use in the best interest of their animal patients. Doctors in the UK are limited and unwilling to put forward a case for the option of euthanasia for those patients who face a slow and agonizing death. With advances in medical science being able to significantly prolong the dying process, autonomy for the patient demands a review of the law regarding patient choice in the UK.


Methamphetamine abuse appears to be increasing in previously unaffected parts of the United States, despite criminal justice deterrent strategies and local, state, and federal efforts to control access to production materials. Methamphetamine manufacture and addiction can impact users, families, children, and entire communities. This literature review describes the effects of methamphetamine use on parents, children, and families; summarizes research findings on efficacious or promising intervention and treatment for methamphetamine addiction; and suggests evidenced-based strategies for increasing positive outcomes for children and families affected by methamphetamine.


Panin and Smirnov deduced the existence of push-forwards, along projective morphisms, in a cohomology theory with cup products, from the assumption that the theory is endowed with an extra structure called orientation. A part of their work is a proof of the Projective Bundle Theorem in cohomology based on the assumption that we have the first Chern class for line bundles. In some examples we have to consider a pair of theories, cohomology and homology, related by a cap product. It would be useful to construct transfer maps (pull-backs) along projective morphisms in homology in such a situation under similar assumptions. In this note we perform the projective bundle theorem part of this project in homology.


Though reports of schooling's failure to meet the needs of indigenous people are consistently prevalent in Papua Province, Indonesia, little is known of indigenous perspectives on the dilemma of how to effectively use schooling to benefit Papuans without harming them. I use data from eighteen months of participant observation, a time allocation study and a shadow method in Eragayam Tengah, a rural Walak-speaking region of the Papuan highlands, to investigate the nature of education outside of schooling, analyse what effect schooling has on this education, and compare a Walak understanding of the purpose of schooling with that of other stakeholders.

I found that education in the private Ob Anggen school and education outside of school are not mutually exclusive and argue, controversially, that as an education already exists which prepares children well for rural Walak life, indigenising schooling is unnecessary. Indeed, schooling is valued by many indigenous Papuans precisely as a means of accessing what rural life does not yet offer; Walak people hope to use schooling to move themselves from the margins of global society towards the centre, where power, status and material resources appear abundant.

Walak perspectives on schooling ostensibly align with mission and international development agendas but though Walak people hope schooled individuals will gain foreign knowledge, they fully expect them to retain Walak values, such as egalitarianism, autonomy and reciprocity. As my analyses of time and work demonstrate, these values, and the concepts they employ, contrast starkly with those held by other stakeholders, which results in competing and incompatible visions of schooling success.

This thesis explains some of the reasons why state schooling appears to be failing in Papua Province and provides important insights into indigenous perspectives on the purpose of schooling, without which neither understanding nor improvement of Papuan highlanders' educational prospects can be built.


Background: Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer remain important health problems for women worldwide. It is largely a preventable disease that is characterised by a long lead me. The objec ve of this study was to determine the frequency of precancerous lesions of cervix by Pap smear screening. Aim: To find the spectrum of lesions in uterine cervix in women diagnosed by Pap smear in a hospital based popula on. Method: A retrospec ve hospital based study was conducted at Department of Pathology, in a Ter ary Care Ins tute and associated hospital, Bhopal. Data was collected from the records of Pap's smear tes ng done on 1774 pa ents during the year 2011 & 2012. Analysis was done by entering data in SPSS so ware and Chisquare test was applied to find sta s cal significance. Results: Most common lesions on Pap's smear was Inflammatory (63.9%) followed by inflammatory with reac ve changes (9.6%), inflammatory with metaplasia (4.6%) and parasi c Infec on in 1.8% of cases. LSIL (Mild dysplasia) was found in 104 (5.9%) of cases while HSIL (Moderate & severe dysplasia) was found in 15 (0.8%) of cases. 2 (0.1%) were carcinoma cervix cases and 44(2.4%) were of senile Atopic Changes. All the cervical lesions were most common in age of 31-40 yrs 618 cases (34.8%) while least common in above 70 years of age 40 cases (2.3%). Conclusion: Widespread informa on on u lity of Pap's smear examina on should be spread in hospitals. Especially the young women should be mo vated for regular Pap's smear. Pap's smear is the most important screening method for detec on of cervical lesions.


BACKGROUND
microRNAs play a critical role in auto-immunity, cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death. miRNAs are present in all biological fluids, and their expression is essential in maintaining regular immune functions and preventing autoimmunity, whereas miRNA dysregulation may be associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an inflammatory disease mediated by cytotoxic T cells attack against epithelial cells. The present study aims to perform a specific microRNA expression profile through the analysis of saliva in this disease.

METHODS
The study group was formed by five patients (mean age 62.8±1.98 years; 3 females/2 males) affected by oral lichen planus and control group by five healthy subjects (mean age 59.8 years±2.3; 3 females/ 2 males); using a low-density microarray analysis, we recorded a total of 98 differentially expressed miRNAs in the saliva of patients with oral lichen planus compared to the control group. The validation was performed for miR-27b with qRT-PCR in all saliva samples of oral lichen planus group.

RESULTS
89 miRNAs were up-regulated and nine down-regulated. In details, levels of miR-21, miR-125b, miR-203 and miR15b were increased (p<0.001) in study group while levels of miR-27b were about 3.0-fold decreased compared to controls (p<0.001) of miR-27b expression in OLP saliva. QRT-PCR validation confirmed the down regulation of miR-27b in all saliva samples.

CONCLUSIONS
Collecting saliva samples is a non-invasive procedure and is well accepted by all patients. microRNAs can be readily isolated and identified and can represent useful biomarkers of OLP.


Rapidly and precisely selective growth of self-assembled nanoparticles using an electron-beam or optical exposure system with commercial chemically amplified resists was demonstrated. The required exposure dosage was lessthan 10 μc/cm 2 for patterning chemically amplified resists. By immersing the patterned resist sample in the nanoparticle colloidal solution, nanoparticles were selectively self-assembled on the (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane layer, which was partially covered by the patterned resist layer. The selective growth area can be performed from several hundred micrometers to sub-50 nm. This method has great potential to be used for rapidly selective growth of various nanoparticles or nanomaterials.


A dual-loop OEO using a SOA-based RDL is presented. The active loop creates a high Q-factor whilst the dual-loop suppresses side-modes. The OEO operates in the incoherent regime and in a proof-of-principle experiment produces a very stable 5.38 GHz oscillation with a Q-factor of 1010.


Pergolide (LY127809, CAS 66104-23-2), pergolide sulfone and pergolide sulfoxide inhibited 3H-dopamine binding to dopamine receptors in bovine striatal membranes with Ki values of 2.5, 4.6 and 15.5 nmol/l, respectively. Despropyl pergolide and despropyl pergolide sulfoxide are not as potent, with Ki values of 58.6 and 158.8 nmol/l, respectively. The derivatives of pergolide inhibit the binding of antagonist ligands 3H-Sch23390 and 3H-Spiperone to D1 and D2 dopamine receptors, respectively, in bovine striatal membranes with higher Ki concentrations. Upon administration to rats, pergolide sulfoxide and sulfone were as effective as pergolide in increasing acetylcholine levels and decreasing the metabolites of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels in striatum, while the despropyl derivatives of pergolide and pergolide sulfoxide were only marginally effective in increasing acetylcholine levels in striatum.


Warm deep drawing for optimum forming conditions to give the maximum drawing depth is investigated and compared with the results from experiments performed at room temperature. Experiments which draw square cups of STS 304 stainless steel sheet under the constant lubrication condition of teflon film are made both in a crank and hydraulic press for two kinds of specimens. The maximum drawing depth at warm forming condition reaches 1.4 times the drawing depth at room temperature in a crank press, whereas 1.6 times in a hydraulic press, and also more uniform distribution of thickness in case of warm deep drawn cup is observed. The effects of other factors on formability, such as forming temperature, speed of press and cooling of punch are examined and discussed.


The adsorption of patent-blue on de-oiled mustard was investigated to assess the possible use of this adsorbent for the processing of dye industry waste water. The efficiency of de-oiled mustard in the dye colour sorption was compared with activated carbon i.e. charcoal. The influence of various factors such as adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, adsorbate concentration, particle size, temperature on the adsorption capacity has been studied by batch experiments. The adsorption studies revealed that the ongoing adsorption validates both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms at temperatures 40, 50 and 60 °C. Thermodydnamic parameters such as AG", ΔH° and AS" for the adsorption process were calculated. Desorption profile revealed that a significant portion of the dye (92%) was recovered by using 1.0 M NaOH as eluting agent.


The US Department of Energy has an ambitious R&D program under way to make rapid strides toward enhancing the Nation's capability to protect against, mitigate, respond to, and recover from destabilizing energy-related critical infrastructure protection events. Work is already under way on two of nine research and development activities: the Infrastructure Assurance Outreach Program (vulnerability assessments) and the Energy Infrastructure Interdependencies Program. The two thrust areas of the R&D program are analysis and risk management and protection and mitigation technologies.


Many miraculous ideas have been proposed to deal with the privacy-preserving time-series data aggregation problem in pervasive computing applications, such as mobile cloud computing. The main challenge consists in computing the global statistics of individual inputs that are protected by some confidentiality mechanism. However, those works either suffer from collusive attack or require time-consuming initialization at every aggregation request. In this paper, we proposed an efficient aggregation protocol which tolerates up to k passive adversaries that do not try to tamper the computation. The proposed protocol does not require a trusted key dealer and needs only one initialization during the whole time-series data aggregation. We formally analyzed the security of our protocol and results showed that the protocol is secure if the Computational Diffie-Hellman (CDH) problem is intractable. Furthermore, the implementation showed that the proposed protocol can be efficient for the time-series data aggregation.


Objective To evaluate the effect and toxicity of radiotherapy and concurrent gemcitabinem plus cisplatinin for advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods 42 patients with advanced NSCLC were selected,they were treated by radiotherapy with a total dose of DT60~70 Gy/6~7weeks,and chemotherapy with gemcitabinem and cisplatin.Results 6 patients achieved complete remission(CR)and 28 partial remission(PR).Total response rate was 80.9 %.The main side effects were leucopenia and thrombocytopenia,but they were tolerable.Conclusion The regimen of concurrent gemcitabinem plus cisplatinin and radiotherapy is effective,safe and well-tolerable in the treatment of for advanced NSCLC.


Cloud computing has emerged as a new model of computing based on Internet. A cloud with large shared pool of resources provides computing resources on demand in pay as you go. wo important aspects must be considered: i) from the user perspective latency must be decreased and tasks to be completed as expected, ii) from the service provider perspective, effective utilization of computing resources is vital. Many existing solutions that focus on optimized scheduling for improving load balancing do not consider user priority guidance. When user-guided priority is considered, the scheduling follows well informed approach and it can lead to more efficient load balancing. Therefore it is important to have scheduling algorithms that are guided by user priority for better optimization of load balancing. In this paper we propose an algorithm known as User Priority based Scheduling for Load Balancing (UPS-LB) which divides user tasks into elastic and inelastic groups and schedule them for enhanced load balancing. In fact, the algorithm makes rescheduling decisions for heavy loaded resources to improve efficiency of load balancing in cloud computing. We built a prototype application to demonstrate proof of the concept. Our empirical study revealed that the proposed UPS-LB algorithm has comparable performance improvement over its predecessors such as Min-Min, LBIMM and PALBIMM.


Current literature on ethics and moral development focuses on discussion concerning the impact of intuition on moral decision-making. Through the use of student journal reflections over the course of one semester, this study utilized a grounded theory approach in order to explore and understand participant levels of awareness and understanding of intuition in this regard. The findings suggest that reflective engagement enables these participants to become more aware of and therefore access and govern intuitions so that they can be more equally integrated during a moral decision-making process. This study emphasizes the student's understanding of the impact of intuition on moral decision-making and therefore offers additional insight into the current discussion in the literature.


Abstract Background This workshop is dedicated to the WHO International Year of Health and Care Workers in 2021 in recognition of their commitment during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the first wave of the pandemic healthcare workers were lionised, yet societies' and health policymakers' appreciation of their new 'heroes' was decreasing when corona fatigue was increasing. Health systems and policymakers have not fully understood the new emergent threats during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health workforce protection and pandemic preparedness are not limited to individual healthcare workers, but strongly impact in health system resilience. Objectives This workshop sets the focus on the protection and preparedness of healthcare workers for global public health emergencies, like the COVID-19 pandemic. It aims to identify strengths and weaknesses of health workforce policy during COVID-19 and to highlight the need for a health system and governance approach. The following major questions will be addressed: How can the protection and pandemic preparedness of healthcare workers be improved? How can the capacities of the health workforce be used and governed more effectively during a pandemic? What policy priorities can be identified to support the health and wellbeing of healthcare workers and prevent infection and deaths, as well as post-COVID fatigue, burn-out and job leaves? How can we build back better and more equitable, including strengthening gender equality and establishing solidarity-based health workforce migration policy? Results The workshop introduces novel results drawn from four European comparative studies. A number of important policy recommendations are emerging from the research, which include among others: (1) improve attention to the complex health and social needs of healthcare workers, (2) implement comprehensive surveillance and monitoring systems, (3) establish European health workforce governance to mitigate shortages and inequality between countries and globally, and (4) take action to implement gender equality policies and to better protect female healthcare workers. Conclusions The workshop will stimulate critical debate and improve knowledge exchange across countries and between researchers. It will contribute to creating resilience of the health workforce and health systems and to build back better after COVID-19 in a fair and equitable manner. Key messages Health systems must be accountable for the protection and preparedness of healthcare workers. Action is needed to develop a health workforce surveillance system on national and EU level.


subtlety that she's developed a large, grassroots following within SL. Her most popular piece depicts a uniquely metaverse-style evolution, from wooden block, to abstract figure, to young woman leaping free of a display case. For the most part, in the world's first years, this arts scene was organic and homegrown within Second Life, comprised of individual Residents who independently discovered an affinity for the creation tools and made art projects part of their repertoires. Gradually, however, these grassroots originators have been joined by realworld artists with formal training who see Second Life as a new palette. And, perhaps, as a new market. In 2005, a group of artists and architects sponsored by the Swedish government launched The Port, an arts laboratory arranged on an island resembling a cube-shaped mesh of glass cells. It's meant to be a 3D wiki and to foster experimentation in several media. San Francisco Art Institute graduate DC Spensley re-dubbed himself "Dancoyote Antonelli" (his avatar is an obsididan shadow) and introduced his own aesthetic of hyperformalism into Second Life. A merging of 3D graphics and pre-computer-age forms, his most famous SL-based work to date was a ensemble performance that combined flying dance animations, music, and particle effects. Seattle artist Susan Robb—who's won realworld acclaim as a 2003 Genius in Visual Art by a local alt-weekly, the Stranger, brought her ironic scientific photography and other experimental playfulness into the metaverse. For Seattle's 2006 Bumbershoot festival, she created a national park within Second Life. In doing this, she explains, "I recalled my initial feelings of both absolute freedom and total vertigo when I first went in-world. A lot of those feelings for me had to do with SL's lack of time on both a daily and geologic scale. ... I wanted to make something that took advantage of the freedom I felt." In her first experiences in Second Life, she saw the world as another environment for her to respond to. "However, as I learn more about what is possible in SL," she said, "I am starting to see it as a place where I might want to make things that I can then import back in to real life—like videos for example." She isn't the only artist to make this realization. Last fall, for example, the Jen Bekman gallery in New York hosted a series of screenshots taken by photographer James Deavin, reimagining SL as a minimalist, surreal landscape. As the SL art world of innovators and creative pioneers grows and evolves, it won't even be strictly necessary to recall figures like Aimee Weber or Baccara Rhodes, who established themselves as Second Life artists when the world counted itself as a community of thousands, rather than today's millions. But the world as it exists now would not be possible without them; and those who would carve their own place in the metaverse would do well to follow their trajectory, from selfdefined avatar to self-defined reality. Of course, the next challenge (as it is with all innovators, no matter what reality) will be how far to take creative success into commercial enterprise. Last I checked in with Baccara Rhodes, she was promoting and hosting corporate-sponsored events in Second Life, for companies like Toyota and Popular Science. And Aimee Weber? The girl with the butterfly wings incorporated herself. Aimee Weber Studio, Inc., is now a company registered for business in the state of New Jersey. CENTER FOR ARTS POLICY COLUMBIA COLLEGE CHICAGO dEMOCRATIC vIsTAs PROFILEs 10 BEING BACCARA ANd CHAsING AIMEE by wagner James Au NO. 8 IN THE wORLd's FIRsT yEARs, THIs ARTs sCENE wAs ORGANIC ANd HOMEGROwN


A weighted string is a sequence of probability distributions over a given finite alphabet Σ. A weighted string represents many standard strings, each with the probability of occurrence equal to the product of probabilities of its letters at subsequent positions of the weighted string. Usually a threshold 1/z > 0 is specified and one considers as matches only the strings for which the probability of occurrence is at least 1/z. Weighted strings, also known as position weight matrices or uncertain strings, arise naturally in many applications. In molecular biology, position weight matrices were introduced as an alternative to consensus sequences and may appear due to flexible sequence modeling, such as binding profiles of molecular sequences. Weighted strings are also present in mining applications due to imprecise data measurements or when observations are private and thus sequences of observations may have artificial uncertainty introduced deliberately. Weighted strings can also be viewed as a generalization of indeterminate strings (i.e., degenerate strings). This talk will focus on the solutions to Weighted Pattern Matching problem, in which we are to find all positions of the given weighted text where a given string pattern occurs with probability above the threshold, and its indexing variant. We will also survey other algorithmic results on weighted strings, including a variant of Weighted Pattern Matching in which both the text and the pattern are weighted, practical approaches to Weighted Pattern Matching, and differences between the longest common subsequence and shortest common supersequence problems on weighted strings.


In 1879 British imperial and colonial forces invaded the Zulu kingdom and the two armies fought a number of pitched battles, amongst them Isandlwana and Rorke's drift, which have become for millions around the world emblematic representations of two fundamental aspects of imperial warfare - the superior weaponry and unflinching discipline of European troops confronting superior numbers and reckless African savagery. Ever since the 1879 invasion a voracious and uncritical reading public has consumed a vast accumulation of accounts of courageous redcoats meeting the massed Zulu charge with ranked volley-firing. Even attempts at serious analysis have failed, to my mind, to break with the imperial narrative largely because the authors are so mesmerised by the idea of men killing men that they fail to contextualise the conflict effectively. And, more recently, the imperial nostalgia which underlies conventional, histories of the invasion has seeped into the world of heritage and tourism with the result that colonial dispossession through warfare is presented as a heroic clash between the noble representatives of different military traditions, savage and civilised , which obscures with a sentimental veneer not just the brutality and injustice of the 1879 war but the fact that the invasion is a key to an understanding of contemporary misery and poverty in rural KwaZulu-Natal.


The results of numerical modeling of dispersive distortions of the model high-frequency fractal ultra-wideband (UWB) signals propagating in linear and parabolic plasma layers are considered. The character of the dispersive distortions appeared is described and the corresponding numerical characteristics are estimated. Special attention is paid to the comparison of the results with similar ones obtained for non-fractal ultra-short UWB signals. PACS: 41.20.Jb, 52.35.Hr, 52.65.−y, 94.20.Bb


Many antioxidant rich phytochemical extracts are attracting interest as stress adaptogens. In this regard, several plants are used traditionally and clinically for the management of neurologic disorders. Here, the anti-stress properties of the ethanol extract of medicinal plant Cymbopogon schoenanthus (CSEE), which grows wild in Southern Tunisia, were investigated, as well as the effects of some of the extracted active compounds on H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Whereas fluorescence intensity due to DCFH-DA (a marker of ROS production) in H2O2-treated SH-SY5Y cells was greater than that in untreated control cells, pretreatment with CSEE and its active compounds ameliorated H2O2-induced ROS production. Moreover, H2O2 at 150 μM significantly decreased intracellular ATP levels in SH-SY5Y cells, and pretreatment with CSEE and its active compounds buffered this effect. These in vitro results demonstrate the potential of CSEE to protect against stress-associated disorders.


Contemporary accounting standards require firms to report opinion-based figures, substantiated by subjective projections, models and assessments. This study examines whether opinion-based figures undermine the reliability of financial statements. Results show that reporting opinion-based figures in a financial statement enhances the likelihood that the reporting firm will issue a restatement or disclose material weaknesses in internal controls. The study's findings suggest that the impact of opinion-based figures on the occurrence of misstatements is comparable to the impact of managerial incentives to manipulate earnings. Moreover, we find that investors recognize financial statement with abundant opinion-based figures in the presence of high analyst coverage, but do not recognize it absent analyst coverage. The findings indicate that opinion-based figures significantly undermine the reliability of financial statements and suggest that expanding requirements to report such figures is expected to further harm the reliability of these statements.


This chapter argues that there is a system of management ideas, that is, a set of institutionalized high level heuristics that guide organizational and individual behaviours in managerial reality, involve distinct knowledge that is transferred across time and space, may change as a result of local adaptation or innovation, and may be selected for or against. This system operates at multiple levels, particularly the individual, organizational, and institutional levels. A system of management ideas can be analysed through a micro-foundational approach, where actions of individual agents lead to an evolution of the system through processes of variation, selection, and retention. This approach is applied to the organizational level choice of adopting existing, fashionable management practices versus creating novel management practices. The authors present a process model depicting this make-or-buy choice in management practices and provide insights into why and when organizations choose each of these routes.


Kurt Gödel published his article 'On formally undecidable propositions of Principia Mathematica and related systems' in the 1931 volume of Monatshefte für Mathematik.[1][2] The paper contained the exact opposite of what mathematicians who were working on the basis of math wanted to hear. Up until then, mathematicians had attempted to pin down the structure of mathematics so that it relies on as few assumptions as possible at its base. Hilbert's second problem from his landmark 23 problems in 1900 was 'prove that the axioms of arithmetic are consistent'. The seminal Principia Mathematica by Russell and Whitehead was a three volume work to establish a firm foundation for mathematics. The focus was to find a system of axioms and rules of applying them to establish a firm, purely logical basis, for all of mathematics that had heretofore been taken for granted at its lowest level. The dream was to prove the consistency of mathematics so that the nightmare scenario of eventually deriving a contradiction (making mathematics ultimately false) would be proved to be impossible. Gödel showed in his paper two important facts about axiomatic systems that sought to be the basis for a comprehensive foundation of mathematics: that there are statements that are true but unprovable, and perhaps even more surprising, that said system of axioms will lead to a proof of its own consistency (lack of contradictions) if and only if it is itself inconsistent.


This paper proposes an analytical framework allowing estimation of the effects of the new instrumentation of the CAP in the arable crop sector--price cuts, compensatory payments and land set-aside schemes--on crop acreage allocations, supplies and yields. Duality theory is used to model crop supply response in the presence of voluntary acreage control programmes and direct aids per hectare to producers. The definition of a profit function where total land is fixed but allocatable to the various crops allows us to obtain, via the envelope theorem, output and variable input equations, which can be used with the first-order conditions for an optimal land allocation as a basis for comparative statics analysis of the three main instruments of the CAP. Copyright 1996 by Oxford University Press.


A 17 year old man who had chronically misused paint thinners for 3 years was examined for occasional occipital headache after an abstinence of 4 months. He was …


This paper provides a novel and effective compensation method by improving the hardware design and software algorithm to achieve optimization of piezoresistive pressure sensors and corresponding measurement systems in order to measure pressure more accurately and stably, as well as to meet the application requirements of the meteorological industry. Specifically, GE NovaSensor MEMS piezoresistive pressure sensors within a thousandth of accuracy are selected to constitute an array. In the versatile compensation method, the hardware utilizes the array of MEMS pressure sensors to reduce random error caused by sensor creep, and the software adopts the data fusion technique based on the wavelet neural network (WNN) which is improved by genetic algorithm (GA) to analyze the data of sensors for the sake of obtaining accurate and complete information over the wide temperature and pressure ranges. The GA-WNN model is implemented in hardware by using the 32-bit STMicroelectronics (STM32) microcontroller combined with an embedded real-time operating system µC/OS-II to make the output of the array of MEMS sensors be a direct digital readout. The results of calibration and test experiments clearly show that the GA-WNN technique can be effectively applied to minimize the sensor errors due to the temperature drift, the hysteresis effect and the long-term drift because of aging and environmental changes. The maximum error of the low cost piezoresistive MEMS-array pressure transmitter proposed by us is within 0.04% of its full-scale value, and it can satisfy the meteorological pressure measurement.


Nasal CPAP was employed in the treatment of infants with RDS while arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) was continuously monitored by a special oxygen sensing electrode embedded in the wall of an umbilical artery catheter or transcutaneous oxygen tension(TcO2) was continuously monitored by a Roche sensor.With nasal CPAP, some infants demonstrated wide fluctuations of PaO2 and TcO2 during crying or when the mouth was open. Oxygen tension fell as much as 60%. These changes of oxygen tension are much greater than the reported changes from crying without CPAP. When these problems occurred a pressurized head hood was substituted for the nasal device, and the same pressures, pressure control system and gas flow were used. Following the change of equipment there was improvement and stability of the TcO2 and PaO2 when the mouth was open and during crying. In some instances oxygen tension during quiet periods with the hood in place was more than 4-fold those found during quiet periods with nasal CPAP; increases were never less than 2-fold. Every infant who we monitored continuously with an oxygen sensor demonstrated the above changes.These findings support our previous clinical observations that there are infants in whom nasal CPAP is ineffectual whereas other forms of CPAP administration are effective and raises the question as to whether nasal CPAP is the best means of CPAP application.


This is a position paper that presents a new approach to identifying important nodes or entities in a complex heterogeneous network. We provide a novel definition of an importance score based on a statistical model: An individual is important to the extent that including an individual explicitly in the model improves the data fit of the model more than it increases the model's complexity. We apply techniques from statistical-relational learning, a recent field that combines AI and machine learning, to identify statistically important individuals in a scalable manner. We investigate empirically our approach with the OPTA soccer data set for the English premier league.


Guarantee Agreement—NTPC Power Generation Project (with General Conditions Applicable to Loan and Guarantee Agreements dated 1 January 1985). Signed at Washington on 9 December 1993


The licensure and subsequent widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have contributed for the reduction in the overall incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease worldwide. However, the emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae nonvaccine serotypes (SNVT), which escape from the vaccine by the expansion of pre-existing clones following serotype replacement and/or by capsular switching is a matter of concern. In 2010, Brazil introduced the 10-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV10) into its routine National Immunization Program. Our aim was to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic profile of S. pneumoniae non-vacine serotypes (SNVT) isolated from patients with meningitis before (January 2008 – June 2010) and after (July 2010 – December 2012) the introduction of PCV10 in Salvador, Bahia. The pneumococcal isolates were identified by classical microbiological methods and submitted to capsular deduction by multiplex-PCR and/or Quellung reaction. The antimicrobial susceptibility was performed the broth microdilution method. The genotypic profile was assessed by PFGE and MLST. We identified 170 cases of pneumococcal meningitis during the epidemiological surveillance at the Hospital Couto Maia, in Salvador, with 148 showing positive culture for S. pneumoniae from the cerebrospinal fluid and/or blood culture. The incidence of pneumococcal meningitis decreased from 0.9/100.000 (2008) to 0.36/100.000 inhabitants (2012). In the pre-vaccine period the most frequent SNVT were: 3 (n=6, 12%), 19A (n=4, 8%), 6A (n=4, 8%). In the post-vaccine period, the SNVT 12F (n=6, 22.2%), 10A (n=3, 11.1%), 15B (n=2, 7.4%) and 18B (n=2, 7.4%) were the most prevalent. About 78% of the isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotics. The non-susceptibility to penicillin was found among serotypes 19A (3 isolates), 9N (1 isolate) and 12F (1 isolate). By PFGE, a wide genetic diversity was found with the majority of the isolates (66.2%) belonging to non-clonal groups. The clonal group X comprised two isolates of the serotype 19A (ST2878) from the pre-vaccine period presenting non-susceptibilty to penicillin. MLST assay performed in 26 isolates allowed the identification of four new STs and the presence of STs (ST180, ST193 and ST218) with genotipic similarities of the worldwide clones Netherlands3-31, Greece21-30 and Denmark12F-34. Continued surveillance studies are necessary to evaluate the benefits of vaccination and the serotype dynamics in our region


The invention relates to a method for performing gene knockout on pseudomonas putida KT2440 by a recombinant engineering measure. The method comprises the following specific steps of: amplifying through an overlapped-extension polymerase chain reaction so as to obtain a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragment of which both sides are provided with target genes to be knocked, the upstream and downstream are provided with homologous genes of about 500 base pairs and the middle is provided with a kanamycin resistance gene; electrically transforming the DNA fragment into a pseudomonas putida KT2440 electro-transformation competent cell which is expressed by toluic acid induction recombinase with the final concentration of 2mM; and replacing the target genes by the kanamycin resistance gene through homologous recombination between homologous fragments of a recombinase mediate so as to directly obtain a mutant strain from which target genes are knocked. The method is simple and convenient and can become a genetic operating measure of an environmental microorganism, namely pseudomonas putida KT2440 which has important application value in the aspects of organic compound biodegradation and the like.


This research is addressed to the question: Do personality characteristics measured by MMPI scales differ with the drug of choice of drug abuser populations? Several studies indicate that drug abusers tend to produce high scores in measures of psychopathic deviance and depression. Gilbert and Lombardi (1967) found that the items of the MMPI most significant in identifying drug abusers (not differentiated by drug of choice) were derived from the D and Pd scales.


This work introduces a general concept to extend the principles of soft output Viterbi decoding to M-ary transmission. The proposed algorithm matches ideally the family of punctured pragmatic TCM (P/sup 2/-TCM) schemes. Due to the puncturing technique employed, such a decoder can be realized by a basically traditional SOVA with a slightly modified metric and time-variant labeling, operating at a multiple clock speed.


Polyaniline (PANI) nanotube arrays were facilely synthesized via electrochemical polymerization in the presence of ZnO nanorod arrays as sacrificial templates, and they were tested as promising flexible electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.


Abstract The motion of α and β dislocations in CdS under the influence of an electron beam has been studied in the transmission electron microscope. The enhanced mobility of the α dislocations with respect to the β dislocations is explained in terms of point-defect locking, and the observations give further evidence that the dislocations are of the glide set. The observed dislocation vibration is explained in terms of the interaction of charged double kinks with the dislocation line.


An imaging optical lens that achieves high imaging performance and satisfies ultra-thinning and wide-angle is provided. SOLUTION: First to sixth lenses L1 to L6 are sequentially provided from the object side to the image side, the second lens has a positive refractive power, the third lens has a negative refractive power, The first to third and sixth lenses are made of plastic, the fourth and fifth lenses are made of glass, and conditional expressions −3 ≦ f1 / f ≦ −1.5, 1.7 ≦ n4 ≦ 2. 2, 1.7 ≦ n5 ≦ 2.2 and −2 ≦ f5 / f6 ≦ −1.12. In the formula, the focal lengths of the first, fifth and sixth lenses are f1, f5 and f6, and the refractive indexes of the fourth and fifth lenses are n4 and n5. [Selection] Figure 1


This reporT invesTigaTes the relationship between female economic empowerment and domestic violence, using administrative data on women's potential earnings and hospital visits for injuries caused by assault. The results show that an increase in a woman's potential earnings increases the probability that she will be assaulted, and increases the probability that her husband will be admitted to a hospital for reasons related to mental health, substance abuse or assault. This relationship indicates that female economic independence can have an unforeseen backlash, even in a gender-equal country like Sweden.


Ranula is a cystic fluid filled cavity that is caused by extravasation of the sublingual gland at the floor of the mouth. Ranula originates in the body of the sublingual gland, especifically in the Rivinus ducts of the sublingual gland, and occasionally originates in the minor salivary glands at the floor of the mouth .There are a variety of treatment modalities for ranula including aspiration of the cystic fluid, sclerotherapy, marsupialization, incision and drainage, ranula excision only, and excision of the sublingual gland with or without the ranula. In this article we present a case report of a ranula, which developed after the extraction under lingual nerve block on the same side.


In biological applications, optical focusing is limited by the diffusion of light, which prevents focusing at depths greater than ~1 mm in soft tissue. Wavefront shaping aims to extend the focusing depth by compensating for phase distortions induced by scattering. This allows for focusing light through biological tissue beyond the optical diffusion limit through constructive interference. However, due to random motion, scattering of light in tissue is deterministic only within a brief speckle correlation time. In in vivo tissue this speckle correlation time is on the order of milliseconds, thus it is vital to optimize the wavefront within the correlation time.
The speed of wavefront shaping has typically been limited by the time required to measure and display the optimal phase pattern due to the low speeds of cameras, data transfer and processing, and spatial light modulators (SLM). While methods of binary-phase modulation requiring only two images for phase measurement have recently been reported, the majority of studies require a minimum of four frames for full-phase measurement. Here, we present a full-phase digital optical phase conjugation method based on off-axis holography for single-shot optical focusing through scattering media. By using off-axis holography in conjunction with graphics processing unit (GPU) based processing; we take advantage of single-shot full-phase measurement while using parallel computation to quickly reconstruct the phase map. Using this system, we are able to focus light through scattering media with a system latency of approximately 10 milliseconds, on the order of the in vivo speckle correlation time.


In order to analyses Mo content in low alloy steel with a fast,accurate,simple and economicway,this paper presents new atomic absorb spectral analysis condition.By taking orthogonal test method,the optimum test conditions have been selected,the Mo content is measured by taking ZnCl2-H3PO4 as sense increase solvent.At the same time,by taking acid testing,work curve scope testing,co-exist elements effect,recycle test,a fast analysis method for molybdenum in steel has been established.After verification,this test method has some advantages as higher sensitivity,precision and accuracy,fully meet the requirements of production and science researches.


Populus euphratica Oliv. is an important tree species of desert riparian forest. Leaf shape of P. euphratica is variable but can be roughly classified into two types, namely poplar leaf and willow leaf. Representative leaves of these types were ovate and lanceolate respectively. In this study some standard adult plants with both ovate leaves and lanceolate leaves were selected from the Nature Reserve of Populus euphratica in Ejin Qi, Inner Mongolia (41°58′ N, 101°05′ E, 930 m a.s.l.). In this measurement, the branches were put at the same height, then live leaves were measured and their photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency were compared using the LI_6400 Portable Photosynthesis System of LI_cor; the response to CO 2 enrichment was also compared. The purpose of the study was to explore the cause responsible for the changes of leaf shape of P. euphratica , so as to provide a scientific basis for the protection of P. euphratica forest. In addition, the response of the different leaf shapes to increased CO 2 concentration was analyzed and the possible effects of climatic changes on the growth of P. euphratica were predicted. The results showed that under present atmospheric CO 2 concentration (350 μmol·mol -1 ) and 1 000 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 of light intensity, the net photosynthetic rates ( Pn ) of ovate leaves (leaf blades of adult tree) (A) and lanceolate leaves (lower coppica shoot leaves of adult tree) (B) are 16.40 μmol CO 2·m -2 ·s -1 and 9.38 μmol CO 2·m -2 ·s -1 respectively; transpiration rates ( E ) are 10.8 mmol H 2O·m -2 ·s -1 and 7.98 mmol H 2O·m -2 ·s -1 respectively; water use efficiency ( WUE ) is 1.52 mmol CO 2·mol -1 H 2O and 1.18 mmol CO 2·mol -1 H 2O respectively. Under these conditions, the light saturation and compensation points of A are 1 600 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 and 79 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 respectively, while the corresponding values of B are 1 500 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 and 168 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 . When CO 2 concentration reaches 450 μmol·mol -1 and 1 000 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 of light intensity, the photosynthetic characteristics of A and B exhibited quite different responses. The Pn of A increased by 25.6%, to 20.60 μmol CO 2·m -2 ·s -1 , whereas the Pn of B decreased by 10.0%, to 8.44 μmol CO 2·m -2 ·s -1 . The E of both A and B decreased; values were 9.11 mmol H 2O·m -2 ·s -1 and 6.26 mmol H 2O·m -2 ·s -1 respectively. The WUE of A and B was 2.26 mmol CO 2·mol -1 H 2O and 1.35 mmol CO 2·mol -1 H 2O respectively, i.e. WUE of A increased by 48.7% and WUE of B increased by 14.4%. The light saturation of A rises by 150 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 but light compensation point falls by 36 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , while the light saturation point of B falls by 272 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 and light compensation point rises by 32 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 . The two types of leaf blade exhibit completely contrary responses to CO 2 concentration elevation; the poplar leaves are more adapted to atmospheric CO 2 concentration elevation. This study shows that the willow leaves have a lower photosynthetic efficiency and so are likely mainly used to maintain normal growth. With the growth of the tree the willow leaves can no longer support normal growth and hence poplar leaves occur. Poplar leaves have higher resistance to atmospheric drought and higher photosynthetic efficiency. They can accumulate photosynthetic products to maintain the growth of P. euphratica in extremely adverse environments and reach a higher increment. This seems to be the real cause responsible for leaf shape changes of P. euphratica from seedlings to adult trees. With the increase in CO 2 concentration the photosynthetic time of willow leaves shortens and light use efficiency decreases, but poplar leaves show the opposite tendency in these two respects. When the


A mass transfer device for use in the treatment of an impure liquid includes a
housing into which the impure liquid and a reagent are to be introduced, the
housing having a side wall. The device also includes an impeller assembly,
comprising a plurality of impeller blades, rotatably mounted in the housing, at least
one impeller blade having a tip which terminates in close proximity to an interior
surface of the side wall of the housing and the or each impeller blade being shaped
and dimensioned to impart shear forces, at its tip, to liquid and reagent located
between the side wall and the tip and to generate a low pressure region at a
trailing end of the said tip upon rotation of the blade relative to the side wall,
thereby enhancing a reaction between the reagent and impurities in the liquid. The
invention also relates to a method of and equipment for treating an impure liquid.


Accurate load forecasting can bring economic benefits and scheduling optimization. The complexity and uncertainty arising from the coupling of different energy sources in integrated energy systems pose challenges for simultaneously predicting multiple target load sequences. Existing data-driven methods for load forecasting in integrated energy systems use multi-task learning to address these challenges. When determining the input data for multi-task learning, existing research primarily relies on data correlation analysis and considers the influence of external environmental factors in terms of feature engineering. However, such feature engineering methods lack the utilization of the characteristics of multi-target sequences. In leveraging the characteristics of multi-target sequences, language generation models trained on textual logic structures and other sequence features can generate synthetic data that can even be applied to self-training to improve model performance. This provides an idea for feature engineering in data-driven time-series forecasting models. However, because time-series data are different from textual data, existing transformer-based language generation models cannot be directly applied to generating time-series data. In order to consider the characteristics of multi-target load sequences in integrated energy system load forecasting, this paper proposed a generative tractive network (GTN) model. By selectively utilizing appropriate autoregressive feature data for temporal data, this model facilitates feature mining from time-series data. This model is capable of analyzing temporal data variations, generating novel synthetic time-series data that align with the intrinsic temporal patterns of the original sequences. Moreover, the model can generate synthetic samples that closely mimic the variations in the original time series. Subsequently, through the integration of the GTN and autoregressive feature data, various prediction models are employed in case studies to affirm the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.


Purpose. Development of formalized description of automatic block system of numerical code based on the analysis of characteristic failures of automatic block system and procedure of its maintenance. Methodology. For this research a theoretical and analytical methods have been used. Findings. Typical failures of the automatic block systems were analyzed, as well as basic reasons of failure occur were found out. It was determined that majority of failures occurs due to defects of the maintenance system. Advantages and disadvantages of the current service technology of automatic block system were analyzed. Works that can be automatized by means of technical diagnostics were found out. Formal description of the numerical code of automatic block system as a graph in the state space of the system was carried out. Originality. The state graph of the numerical code of automatic block system that takes into account gradual transition from the serviceable condition to the loss of efficiency was offered. That allows selecting diagnostic information according to attributes and increasing the effectiveness of recovery operations in the case of a malfunction. Practical value. The obtained results of analysis and proposed the state graph can be used as the basis for the development of new means of diagnosing devices for automatic block system, which in turn will improve the efficiency and service of automatic block system devices in general.


Unmodified and crumb rubber modified mixes conforming to the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department Type II surface course specifications were designed for heavy traffic conditions and environmental conditions typical to Arkansas by using the Marshall and Superpave Level I methods. Specimens prepared at appropriate design asphalt contents were evaluated for both volumetric and performance considerations. Three mix types, an unmodified hot-mix asphalt concrete, a dry process rubber modified asphalt, and a wet process asphalt rubber, were included in the investigation. For the asphalt cement, crumb rubber, aggregate type, and aggregate gradation used, the design asphalt content and the VMA were reduced for the SHRP Level I method relative to the Marshall method. Incorporation of crumb rubber into hot-mix asphalt concrete provided increased rutting resistance; however, the rubber modified mixes did not show enhanced resilient and tensile properties when tested at 25°C. Also, the performance-related properties of the SHRP Level I asphalt-rubber mixes (5, 10, and 15 percent A-R blends) evaluated did not differ significantly at 5 percent level of significance.


The invention is applicable to the automobile navigation field and provides an automobile navigation method and device and an automobile navigation terminal. The method comprises the following steps: forwards obtaining dynamic traffic information according to a current position of an automobile and a searching distance and a searching period along a planning path; outputting avoiding information or reminding information to a user according to the blocking property to a road by the obtained dynamic traffic information. The dynamic traffic information is processed by grades; when the dynamic traffic information causes influences on driving and does not cause blocking, the user is reminded; when the dynamic traffic information causes the blocking on driving, the user is reminded of avoiding and an avoiding path is re-planned for the user, so that the effectiveness of information prompts is improved; meanwhile, judging time is saved for the user and the loss caused by untimely avoidance is avoided.


This paper discusses the discursive and interpersonal functions conveyed by the Italian negative operator
 no(?) 'no', suggesting a possible pathway of functional enrichment that can account for its high degree of
 polyfunctionality. Drawing on the KIParla corpus of contemporary spoken Italian, we chart the values of
 no(?) as a discourse marker, which are all clearly connected to the incremental co-construction of discourse
 in interaction, either in terms of turn management or of shared knowledge and mutual alignment. We then explore its
 sociolinguistic distribution, showing that register variation plays a major role in this respect. We argue that conversational
 uses of no(?) as a discourse marker, including its role as a pause-filler, are motivated by cooperative needs in
 discourse construction, shaping its functional profile at the intersection of mental processes and communicative practices.


Objective By combing pertinent literature and summarizing the current states of the ancient and modern prepared method evolution and theoretical research development,to offer the accordance and ideas for further research on the prepared standardization of Rhizome atactulodis.Methods The related references in recent 20 years both at home and abroad about Rhizome atactulodis were analyzed,collated and summarized.Results The prepared methods of Rhizome atactulodis were mainly 19 categories in ancient records,namely the prepared method of vinegar,the prepared method of hogwash,the prepared method of medicine juice,steamed prepared method,the prepared method of soil,the prepared method of pointed,the prepared method of salt,the prepared method of wine,the prepared method of anise,the prepared method of mulberry,the prepared method of milk,the prepared method of honey,baked prepared method,and so on;the modern prepared methods of Rhizome atactulodis were mainly the prepared method of fried coke,wheat fried method,and the prepared method of hogwash.The content of volatile oil and trace elements could be reduced through the prepared method,in order to achieve the restricition of its dry fierce,the ease of medicinal property,the strengthen of efficacy.But the prepared varieties of Rhizome atactulodis in clinic were more and chaos,and the quality differences were bigger and there were no unified prepared technology and quality standard.Conclusion Stick to the principle of combining the traditional prepared methods and modern scientific methods,to make research on the optimization of prepared craft and the standardization of quality standard and ensure the clinical medicinal quality,so as to provide basis for the safe and rational usage.


Introduction Pain is frequently reported by patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Pain in IBD is not fully explained by disease activity or other clinical findings, and a recent systematic review suggested that psychosocial factors have an important role in IBD-pain. The aim of this study was to investigate psychosocial factors associated with pain in IBD. Methods 297 adults (>16 years) with IBD were recruited from outpatient clinics (n=114) and online (n=183). Participants completed validated questionnaires assessing pain and potential emotional, cognitive and behavioural correlates. Socio-demographic and clinical factors including disease activity were also recorded. Results 243 (81.8%) of participants reported pain. Of these 243, mean age was 36 years; 153 (63%) had Crohn's disease (CD), 90 (37%) had ulcerative colitis (UC), and 165 (67.9%) were female. 62.6% reported mild, 31.6% moderate and 5.8% severe pain. Mean disease activity was 7.52 for CD (Harvey Bradshaw Index: HBI) and 5.6 for UC (Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index: SCCAI), indicating mild to moderate active disease. 40.3% of participants met established criteria for "chronic pain" and 18.5% reported opioid use. Female gender, smoking status, prior surgery and steroid use were associated with greater pain severity. Psychosocial factors associated with pain severity and interference included depression, catastrophising, fear avoidance and lower self-efficacy and psychological well-being (Table 1). Regression models explained 44.7% of the variance in pain severity and 48.6% of pain interference, with psychosocial factors explaining 9.7% and 23.5% respectively when controlling for demographic and clinical variables. Conclusions Pain in IBD is significantly associated with cognitive and behavioural factors as well as low mood. This study widens a biopsychosocial understanding of pain in IBD and identifies important areas for treatment targets in future interventions. Abstract OWE-08 Table 1. Correlations between pain and psychological and clinical factors Pain Severity Pain interference Age .109 .050 Faecal calprotectin (n = 43) -.069 -.072 HBI .558** .532** SCCAI .482** .379** IBS Severity Score .664** .614** Pain Self-Efficacy -.457** -.592** Pain Catastrophising .453** .506** Fear Avoidance .356** .415** Symptom Focusing .267* .374** Embarrassment Avoidance .379** .453** All or Nothing Behaviour .222** .331** Damage Beliefs .309** .337** Avoidance resting behaviour .328** .478** Pain acceptance -.139* -.020 Depression .433** .507** Anxiety .254** .367** Stress .250** .357** Psychological well-being -.372** -.391**


Three methods to restrain interfering signals and to extract real signals were studied based on wavelet transform. They are the method of wavelet transform filter, the method of soft or hard threshold noise reduction, and the method of modulus maximum value. Comparing the three methods, the concrete arithmetic and simulating results are presented. For selecting compatible wavelet transform tools to process signals,these methods have definite theoretical significance and use value.


Abstract Silica sulfuric acid (SSA) was found to efficiently catalyze the conversion of aldehydes and ketones directly into the corresponding gem-dihydroperoxides (DHPs) on treatment with aqueous 30% H2O2 at room temperature. Mild reaction conditions, good to excellent yields, short reaction times, low environmental impact, and recyclability of the catalyst are the main advantages of this synthetic method. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The incidence of venereal diseases had a rising trend after the first world war. After the foundation of the Czechoslovak Republic this problem had to be resolved. During the first years legal regulations on VD from the Austro-Hungarian monarchy were still in force. The authors give an account of the regulations and of attempts of Czechoslovak state organs to resolve this problem by new legal regulations.


We describe a vortex structure at the inlet of an inducer which appears on the boundary of backflow region. The vortex structure was visualized by the cavitation voids found by operating at cavitation number of σ-0.050 and recorded by a high speed video. It was measured quantitatively by two laser displacement sensors. The passing frequency and the shape of vortex filaments were determined from the outputs of the laser displacement sensors which respond to the passage of the vortex cavitation. The results show that the number of vortex filaments, their propagation angular velocity and radial location depend on the steady velocity profile at the inlet


The dielectric properties and the behavior of the phase transition in the (1-x) Pb(Yb/sub 1/2/Nb/sub 1/2/)O/sub 3/-xPbZrO/sub 3/ (0/spl les/x/spl les/0.6) ceramic system have been investigated. For 0/spl les/x/spl les/0.3, the phase transition is relatively sharp and the dielectric constant approximately follows the Curie-Weiss law above the transition temperature. Beyond x=0.4, the temperature dependence of dielectric constant becomes broadened and the transition temperature shifts toward the high temperature with an increase in the measuring frequency.


Getreu proposed a macromodel topology for a comparator. This model is decomposed into an analysis algorithm which allows calculating performance specifications given the component values. A comparison, is made with calculated and measured SPICE specifications. A design procedure is proposed given data sheet specifications which allows selection of macromodel component values.<<ETX>>


Due to increased demand for design flexibility, in recent years engineers have progressively employed polymers in the design of electronics enclosures. As the circuits in these enclosures are miniaturized, dissipate more thermal energy and run at higher clock speeds, electromagnetic interference (EMI) and heat dissipation concerns become more apparent and are more problematic. The high thermal impedance of polymers slows their implementation in these situations. In addition, many electronics devices are subject to industrial and governmental regulations for EMI emission and isolation. To address these concerns it is becoming increasingly popular to apply conformal metallic films to polymer-based enclosures to increase EMI shielding and decrease thermal impedance through heat spreading. As with any coating, quality assurance of adhesion between the film and substrate is of immense importance. Without standardized testing procedures for assuring the quality of these processes, it is difficult to place them into practice. When new and alternative manufacturing processes are brought forth quality assurance is of paramount importance. The majority of existing commercial testing procedures for determination of adhesion quality for metallic films pertain to metallic substrates. This paper presents the application of a practical shear wave lens to overcome these issues. It will be demonstrated that the shear wave lens will provide sufficient resolution in this application to allow visualization of bond quality and determination of to what degree a conformal coating has been achieved.


As a major means to communicate with customers,Commercial correspondence is characterized by formal language,accurate wording,practicability and specialty of terms,courtesy and euphemistic tone,and language structure in written style.Therefore,we must apprehend the original text,the correlative terms,the difference between Chinese commercial correspondence and English one.With the help of appropriate rtanslating technigas.We must also make every effort to compose and translate commercial correspondence with high quality.


expansion of Luunda rule was based on perpetual kinship among title-holders and the incorporation of newly colonized villages through matrimonial alliance. Luunda rulers did not dispossess local notables and traditional landowners, but they set up tributary networks and were feared for their superhuman visionary power. From the early twentieth century, Luunda rule was reduced and weakened as the Yaka acquired other masters.


A bacterial strain,S1,which is able to degrade linear alkylbenzene sulfonates(LAS) with high efficiency,was isolated from the sewage of Wangxiaoying wastewater treatment plant.According to its morpho-logical and physiological properties and 16S rDNA sequence analysis,the bacteria strain was identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi.The optimum growth conditions for strain S1 were at 30℃ and pH 7.0,using LAS as sole carbon source.The degradation rate of strain S1 was higher than 80% when growing with LAS below 1 000 mg·L-1,and strain S1 could still grow with LAS above 3 500 mg·L-1.


Abstract Clonidine, an α 2 -adrenergic agonist, has been reported to stimulate the rate of electrolyte absorption in vitro, to alter intestinal motility in vivo, and to have antidiarrheal effects in animais. Experiments were performed in 8 healthy volunteers in order to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of clonidine in humans. When diarrhea was induced by intragastric infusion of 2700 ml of balanced electrolyte solution over 90 min, oral administration of 0.3 mg of clonidine reduced the volume of rectal effluent by 48% (from 1233 ± 62 to 640 ± 77 ml, p


By collecting and analyzing patients' e-healthcare data in Medical Internet-of-Things (MIOT), e-Healthcare providers can offer alternative and helpful evaluation services of the risk of diseases to patients. However, e-Healthcare providers cannot cope with the huge volumes of data and respond to this online service. Providers typically outsource medical data to powerful medical cloud servers. Since outsourced servers are not fully trusted, a direct evaluation service will inevitably result in privacy risks concerning the patient's identity or original medical data. It is hard to hide the results of an evaluation from the single-server model unless a fully homomorphic cryptosystem is used or the patients must communicate online with the cloud multiple times in an inefficient manner. With regards to these issues, this article proposes a Secure and Privacy-Preserving Decision Tree Evaluation scheme (namely SPP-DTE) to achieve secure disease diagnosis classification under e-Healthcare systems without revealing the sensitive information of patients such as physiological data or the private data of medical providers such as the structure of decision trees. Our proposed scheme uses modified KNN computation to match the similarity and preserve the confidentiality of raw data and also applies matrix randomization and monotonically increasing and one-way functions to confuse the intermediate results. The experiment is conducted in data sets from UCI machine learning repository of medical health data. Our analysis indicates that the proposed SPP-DTE scheme is efficient in terms of computational cost and communication overhead that is practical and efficient for privacy protection in e-Healthcare classification and diagnosis system.