The need for organ donation has increased over time, but the shortage of available donors is the major limiting factor in transplantation. Organ donation refusal from relatives of potential donors with brain death significantly reduces organ availability. We report a brief analysis about family conflicts in decision-making and causes for refusing donation; moreover, we describe new family-centered strategies in the intensive care unit (ICU) and our systematic communication approach between medical staff and patients' relatives. In 2016 we conducted a single-center, non-randomized, controlled and before and after study in our ICU, an 18-bed intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital. We compared the rate of consent for organ donation before and after the introduction of the new communication approach. The application of a new communication approach between medical staff and relatives of brain-dead patients was associated with a signifi- cant increase in the rate of consent to donation. The positive results of the 3-year period 2013–2015 have been confirmed in the 2-year period 2016–2017. Our results highlight the importance of empathy and counselor support of relatives in the ICU. providing emotional support. ICU patients' family members have high levels of emotional stress and experience intense negative emotions such as fear and anxiety. These feelings are exacerbated by the communication of the bad news (death or threat of death) and by the decision-making process itself. Research in the neuropsychological field suggests that strong negative emotions such as fear and anxiety do not allow processing information detaching the subject from the reality (as already mentioned above). Therefore, attention to the relationship also allows us to devote a time to recognize emotions and reflect on them. Third element is con-veying clinical information. Clinicians should take into account that family members should be informed in a clear, simple and precise manner regarding the diagnosis, prognosis and possibilities of patient treatment. Families need to be involved in the decision-making process. Lack of correct information can lead family members not to take the right decisions for the patient as well as being a source of stress and frustration. The authors confirm the importance of the interdisciplinary team role (involving psychologists, social workers, volunteers, care coordinators and communication facilitator) to improve family satisfaction and decrease psychological symptoms. condition of brain death. Their loved one beating heart a (although assisted by the machine). The elaboration of death in this condition is not always simple. The also needs to share the consent to the donation as soon as possible with the relatives. A narrative approach can be very useful to create a relationship of trust and support. The critical event causing the current situation is reported as telling a child a story already known. The narrative will describe the growing role of health-care workers who enter the history of the relatives and of the beloved. The care practitioners make supportive statements around non-abandonment and decision-making. We advise to remember the continuous need of feedback and of narrative approach. We also believe it is essential that family-centered communication training as an element of critical care training to improve clinician self-efficacy and family satisfaction. These explanations promote a relationship in the here and now when both health-care practitioners and family members a state of stress and intense Knowing and seeing what is happening to the loved one, feeling part of and understanding the healing process is preferable to the anxi ety generated by what is "unknown." Family members are forced by their relative's illness into an role, which provokes discomfort, dependence and anxiety. The relative is


Increase in the number of mobile users demanding Internet connectivity gave rise to a cooperative solution called User-provided connectivity (UPC) which is a promising paradigm to remedy Internet connectivity needs of mobile users. In this model participants cooperate to enable a group of mobile users to access Internet while they have no or limited connectivity. One of the key research problems in UPC is giving incentives to mobile network subscribers to promote active participation. In this work we propose a scheme to give incentives to mobile subscribers of a network assisted User Provided Network (UPN) in which subscribers with limited or no connectivity access Internet while still charging to their own quota. Our scheme proposes a simple and applicable bargaining based mechanism to encourage mobile network subscribers to join the protocol to provide UPC. Since the scheme is network assisted network operators are expected to support and do not impose any restrictions on the protocol. In this scheme utility and cost functions are defined for participants in terms of provided throughput and battery energy, and the protocol operates iteratively as in the case of a real world bargaining.


The mechanism and the role of KOtBu in an enantioselective NHC-catalyzed Stetter reaction between p-chlorobenzaldehyde and N-acylamido acrylate is established using DFT(M06-2X) methods. The Gibbs free energies are found to be significantly lower for transition states with explicit bound KOtBu as compared to the conventional pathways without the counterions. An intermolecular proton transfer from HOtBu to the prochiral carbon is identified as the stereocontrolling step. The computed enantioselectivities are in excellent agreement with the experimental results.


(75) Inventors: Adityo Prakash, Redwood Shores, CA (57) ABSTRACT SiSEEN Shores, A process and apparatus for identifying abrupt cuts or Scene ( R ward R. Ratner, changes in any ordered Sequence of imageS. In one specific Sunnyvale, CA (US) embodiment, two or more consecutive images from a Correspondence Address: Sequence are introduced to a Segmenter as digital frames. OKAMOTO & BENEDICTO LLP The Segmenter independently divides each of these frames P.O. BOX 64.1330 9 into pixel regions or Segments according to Some common ww characteristic So that every pixel belongs to exactly one SAN JOSE, CA 95164 (US) Segment. A Segment analysis unit then performs. Some Sta (73) Assignee: Pulsent Corporation, Milpitas, CA (US) tistical analysis on the segment data for each of the frames and generates composite Statistics for each frame. A frame (21) Appl. No.: 10/167,244 comparison unit then examines these composite Statistics to determine whether these frames belong to a consistent Scene (22) Filed: Jun. 10, 2002 of images. If the composite Statistics for these frames differ Sufficiently, the comparison unit declares the latter frame in Publication Classification the Sequence to belong to a new Scene. This information may then be transmitted back to the data Source for the purpose (51) Int. Cl." ....................................................... G06K 9/34 of marking the Scene change or for any other purpose.


Abstract : A preliminary analysis and listing is given of micrometeorological data obtained from aircraft measurements. Thirteen flights were made on ten different days from 26 November 1978 to 13 December 1978. The typical flight duration was approximately three hours. Three types of flight pattern were employed for specific environmental characterization: low-level, constant altitude runs for sea surface temperature maps, spiral ascents and descents for surface-to-altitude profiles, and 'ladder' profiles obtained from level runs of two minutes duration at successively increasing altitudes for marine boundary layer turbulence structure. A printout of the primary variables of interest for each flight is presented as a time series (32 second average). A Similar printout for each ladder profile (a series of two minute averages at constant altitude) is also presented.


Objective In this study, we investigate the preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scores in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy (DC) and compare their predictive accuracy. Methods Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between CT score (preoperative and postoperative) and mortality at 30 days after injury. The discriminatory power of preoperative and postoperative CT score was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for the established predictors of TBI outcomes showed that preoperative Rotterdam CT score (odds ratio [OR], 3.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–11.50; P = 0.030), postoperative Rotterdam CT score (OR, 4.17; 95% CI, 1.63–10.66; P = 0.003), preoperative Stockholm CT score (OR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.42–8.18; P = 0.006), postoperative Stockholm CT score (OR, 4.50; 95% CI, 1.60–12.64; P = 0.004), preoperative Helsinki CT score (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.03–2.02; P = 0.031), and postoperative Helsinki CT score (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.32–4.95; P = 0.005) were significantly associated with mortality. The performance of the postoperative Rotterdam CT score was superior to the preoperative Rotterdam CT score (AUC, 0.82–0.97 vs 0.71–0.91). The postoperative Stockholm CT score was superior to the preoperative Stockholm CT score (AUC, 0.76–0.94 vs 0.72–0.92). The postoperative Helsinki CT score was superior to the preoperative Helsinki CT score (AUC, 0.88–0.99 vs 0.65–0.87). Conclusions In conclusion, assessing the CT score before and after DC may be more precise and efficient for predicting early mortality in severe TBI patients who undergo DC.


This research uses the research design method or the type of research development type validation study that obtain a product, where the product is the product of the students learning trajectory when learning the Pythagoras theorem with a realistic approach. Are able to develop the context of the squared tangram by connecting in to the Pythagorean theorem material, students better understand and understand how to solve the problem. Students understand more about learning methods related to students real life use Tiled Tangram. The implemented into a formal form of mathematics. The Pythagorean theorem is one of the mathematics material that is always associated with other mathematical materials such as flat and geometric material. By using this PMR approach, the material learned will be displayed and linked to real life. PMR encourages students to be able to bring students to more optimal learning and connect it to real everyday life.


The electrical signal is supplied to the driving circuit unit including at least one drive circuit of the scan line driver circuit and a signal line driver circuit, to operate the driving circuit unit, to charge the pixel electrode (S2). Charge is irradiated with an electron beam to the pixel electrode that is charged by the secondary electron information the electron beam is emitted from the pixel electrode is irradiated examined for the pixel electrode (S3). When supplying electric signals to the drive circuit unit supplies via an electric signal supply pad. Electrical signal electrical signal supplied to the supply pad is supplied to the different regions of the electrical signals branched to the drive circuit unit from the supply pad.


China has a long history of aquaculture, and it contributes the largest aquaculture production worldwide. Aside from expanding aquaculture area and maximizing unit yield, introducing new potential species is greatly encouraged. Icefish (Salangidae) from Taihu Lake have been introduced into other lakes and reservoirs throughout the country since 1979. Neosalanx tangkahkeii was introduced into the southern part of China, and Protosalanx chinensis was introduced into the northern part of China, and both species have been introduced into a small part of central China and Yunnan Province in southwest China. Only one-third of the transplantation was successful, and most of their yields experienced a burst-down course. Intrinsic traits of icefish including annual life cycle, higher fecundity, lower trophic level, together with sufficient environment capacity supported the population forming and burst, while overfishing, pollution and short of food could result in the failure of the transplantation. The introduction of icefish brought in economic benefits, but severely threatened biodiversity, especially in plateau lakes in Yunnan Province, caused possible hybridization and carried diseases. According to different environmental conditions and economic needs at regional scale, further transplantation of icefish would face respective fate as resource conservation, rapid development, limitation and insignificance. Increasing attentions on environmental protection and sustainable resource utilization require a fresh evaluation and adjustment of icefish transplantation to achieve an ecologically healthy aquaculture.


A 46-year-old woman was admitted following three episodes of collapse. She had no past medical history but her cousin had died suddenly in her 30s from an unknown heart condition.

Physical examination and blood pressure were normal. An electrocardiogram (ECG) showed diffuse T wave inversion (figure 1), and troponin I measured at 12 h was 0.96 μg/l. Routine blood tests, inflammatory markers, coronary angiography and 24 h Holter …


This article explores the question of whether unionization influences the decision of a firm to merge with another firm. We combine merger data, taken from COMPUSTAT, with firm-specific union data obtained from several sources. An econometric matching model allows us to isolate the effects of unionization on the probability that the firms studied will be involved in a merger. We find that unionization increases the likelihood that a firm will enter the acquisition market and that firms with similar union statuses tend to merge with one another.


The activated sludge from the secondary settling tank of municipal sewage treatment plant is cultured to obtain the denitrifying bacteria and then inoculate them to a new type of hollow ceramic balls in the bio-tricking filter to remove nitric oxide from waste gas. The effects of carbon source, gas flow, inlet concentration, spray flow and the oxygen content of waste gas on the removal efficiency of NO are investigated. The results show that glucose is more suitable than methanol as the carbon source. The removal efficiency of NO decreases with the increasing of gas flow and inlet concentration. The spray flow has little effect on the treatment efficiency of NO. The oxygen content has great influence on the removal efficiency of NO, when the oxygen content is approximately 0, the system's removal efficiency can reach 88%; with the increase of oxygen content, the system's removal efficiency decreases, when the oxygen content increases to 5%, the system's removal efficiency drops to about 50%.


OBJECTIVE Assessment of the differences in isokinetic concentric strength of the knee extensors and flexors in soccer players measured before the end of the season (April) in the years 2013 and 2014. METHOD Measurements were made in the April of 2013 and 2014 in 13 professional soccer players of hamstring (H) and quadriceps (Q) peak torque-ratio (PT), and total work (TW) at two testing speeds (60o·s and 180o·s), expressed as per-kg body weight (Nm·kg), and peak muscle torque (PT) (Nm), using an IsoMed 2000-dynamometer chair. Repeated measures analysis (based on general linear modeling) was used to assess the differences. RESULTS Between 2013 and 2014 a positive Δ-change was observed in mean match playing time (+35%, p=0.001), but less time had been spent during training sessions on isokinetic strength training. Correlation analysis according to the different velocities showed significantly negative correlation in 2013 between the playing time and TWQ at 60s and at 180s between TWQ and age (p<0.05). PT was lower for the players in 2014 than in 2013 at 60s: Q (Nm)–(-32.0, p=0.002) v 60s Q (Nm kg)–(-0.40, p=0.002), as was the percentage of ratio (%)–(-13.1, p<0.001) and TWH (-93, p=0.043). In 2014, positive correlation was found of 60s PTH (Nm), 60s PTH (Nm·kg) and 180s PTQ (Nm) measurements with the playing-time (p<0.05). In 2014 Angular velocity of 180s PT was lower in 2014 at H-(Nm) (-9.8, p=0.008), ratio (%) (-21.1, p<0.001) and in TWH (-144, p=0.045). CONCLUSIONS The limited time spent on individual training sessions in the second year of testing, because of higher mean match-play time and the optional nature of the isokinetic concentric strength training, appeared to affect negatively the maximum torque of the knee and thus increase the risk for severe injuries. ............................................... E. Smpokos, C. Mourikis, Α. Theodorou, M. Linardakis


It relates to methods and compositions for performing rapid mass production of high performance holographic recording products. To prepare a high performance holographic recording products made of urethane matrix system two components, for example, polyols and all the additives, it is necessary to substantially free of water. After mixing isocyanate and polyol containing a catalyst, and the other all the components together, in order to remove trapped air is introduced into the mixture during mixing, it is necessary to perform degassing without fail. Since time to degassing takes isocyanate - until degassing all the bubbles from the mixture of polyols, it is necessary to urethane reaction does not start. Rapid mass production of the present invention is to overcome the limitations on this method are those that permit the production of the holographic recording product performance.


Abstract : Profiles, tabulations, and charts are presented of principal gravity facts, free-air gravity anomalies, and simple Bouguer gravity anomalies obtained in the North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea during R/V CHAIN Cruise 75. (Author)


The article discusses the causes of failures of trucks based on statistical data obtained from GITD and a transport company. Knowledge of the results of the conducted analyzes will allow to indicate the components or parts of vehicles that are most often damaged. Thanks to such information, it will be possible to prevent vehicle stoppages caused by defects in the future and to minimize the risk posed by a failure.


This thesis is an addition to the growing body of economic research centred on the rapid diffusion of mobile phones in the developing world. The aim is to isolate and quantify the economic impact in terms of GDP per capita growth that is associated with the presence of mobile phones in Sub-Saharan Africa. A dataset containing panel data for the countries in the region is created and used to estimate a fixed effects model, endogenising their average annual growth rates. A positive impact is found and calculated to about 0.2 percent of annual growth for an increase of 10 mobile phones per 100 people. In the final section, this result is analysed in terms of elements which are potentially overestimated or underestimated with respect to reality. Some areas of general uncertainty surrounding the results are also highlighted and discussed. Lastly, policy implications derived from the analysis are presented.


According to hydrological and geological conditions, the cause how spring occurs was analyzed. Considering the condition that spring pause and re flow,some suggestions are raised: firstly, limiting exploition in Jinan city; secondly, protecting vegetation, soil sources in waterhead region; thirdly, adding more water to waterhead region.


Objective To provide an overview of the current knowledge of growth‐differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) in heart disease. Data sources To identify relevant publications, we searched PubMED database combining the textual terms of heart, cardiac, cardiovascular disease with GDF‐15. Study selection Well‐controlled, relatively large‐scale, retrospective studies as well as meaningful individual cases were all selected as materials. Results GDF‐15 is a distant member of the transforming growth factor‐&bgr; cytokine superfamily. In myocardium, GDF‐15 is weakly expressed under physiological conditions. However, its expression level is increased in response to pathological stress. Growing evidence indicate that elevated levels of GDF‐15 is a promising prognostic biomarker in cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, GDF‐15 exhibits the properties of endogenous anti‐hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and protecting the heart suffering from ischemia and reperfusion insult. Conclusion Ve GDF‐15 may be a promising biomarker for evaluation and management of patient with cardiovascular diseases, and have potential protective properties on myocardium.


| OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological profile of hospital admissions due to clinical emergencies in adults. METHOD: Descriptive, retrospective study with a quantitative approach. Data were obtained from the SUS Department of Informatics (DATASUS) from the SUS Hospital Morbidity group (SIH/SUS), between January 2014 and December 2018. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. RESULTS: This study revealed that men are hospitalized mainly for diseases of the digestive system and some infectious and parasitic diseases (56.83%), while the hospitalization of women was caused, a priori, by diseases of the genitourinary system (84.4%), followed by neoplasms (76.9%). As for age groups, it was identified that individuals aged 50 to 59 years had the highest number of hospitalizations (27.1%). Furthermore, during the analyzed period, there was a greater number of hospitalizations in the spring for all the studied disease groups. CONCLUSIONS: Diseases of the digestive system and some infectious and parasitic diseases were the main causes of hospitalization in men, while diseases of the genitourinary system and neoplasms affected more women.


The rapidly changing industrial conditions in all industries including surface coatings has had a significant effect on the design of new equipment. Some of the pressures can be summarised under the following headings:—


For the fuzzy problems that the Case Based Support system often encounters, according to the characters of ANN and case based reasoning, a kind of IDSS is presented by applying the methods of the "Data Mining and KDD" and "RSONFIN". Meanwhile, this paper analyzes the architecture of IDSS and also points out is difficulties it will face during the period of development. Finally, the trend of the IDSS is discussed.


Abstract : 5-AT is a potential replacement for perchlorate in pyrotechnic devices. The objectives of this study were to determine the oral acute and subacute toxicity of 5-AT in the rat. 5-AT was not acutely toxic and no mortalities were observed at the limit dose of 2000 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) body weight in the acute test. There were no clinical signs of toxicity or morbidity observed in the subacute 14-day study up to 623 mg/kg-day-- the highest dose tested for both male and female rats. Without adverse effects, determination of the LOAEL and derivation of the BMD were not possible. The NOAEL was 623 mg/kg-day, the highest dose used in the subacute exposure test. The acute and subacute tests indicated that 5-AT has low toxicity over a short expose time frame. 5-A Tis a less tox ic compound than perchlorate and it should be pursued as a replacement. Considering that 5-AT is also used in the synthesis of two other munition components, 5-nitrotetrazole (5-NT ) and copper (I) 5-nitrotetrazolate (DBX-1), a subchronic (90 day) oral study is recommended.


Two independent magnet and vacuum control systems were implemented in the Low-Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) facility. The first one, for the High-Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) in context of the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) project, used the in-house Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). The second one, for the high-power proton beam-halo experiment (HALO-Channel) as an extension to the existing accelerator, is based on commercial products (National Instruments, LabVIEW). This paper will evaluate our experience during implementation, operation, and maintenance of these systems. It will include a discussion of various problems encountered and solutions implemented.


We present the first results from the X-shooter Lens Survey (XLENS): an analysis of the massive early-type galaxy SDSS J1148+1930 at redshift z=0.444. We combine its extended kinematic profile -derived from spectra obtained with X-shooter on the ESO VLT- with strong gravitational lensing and multi-color information derived from SDSS images. Our main results are (i) The luminosity-weighted stellar velocity dispersion is \sigma *( = 3 (with dN/dM \propto M^(-{\alpha})) -such as that recently suggested for massive ETGs- are excluded at the > 90 % C.L. and in some cases violate the total lensing-derived mass limit. We conclude that this very massive ETG is dark-matter dominated inside one effective radius, consistent with the trend recently found from massive SLACS galaxies, with a IMF normalization consistent with Salpeter.


Lay Summary This brief report investigated the impact of clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic activity of IBD on the severity and long-term outcomes of COVID-19 in a prospective population-based cohort. The study did not identify any association between IBD activity and COVID-19 outcomes.


Aiming at the characterisitcs of big data flux and many share users in university library,introduced network storage system applying in digital library,compared the perfrmance of DAS,NAS and SAN.Put forward solution plans of network storage adapted to university digital library is made.


According to the bibliographical data included in theWeb of Science, SCOPUS, Chemical Abstracts, and other specialized information services covering the period 1900– 1950, the first publications in mainstream journals by Mexican researchers appeared only in the first decades of the 20th century. Contrary to expectations, we find that the academic community was not the protagonist in the early stages of Mexican scientific practices, but that there was a strong contribution coming from researchers associated with the public-health sector and the chemical and mining industries. We were able to identify in this half century four different modes of scientific production: amateur, institutional, academic, and industrial, which in turn correspond to distinct stages in the evolution of the Mexican scientific production.We characterize these modes of production with a variety of indicators: publication and citation patterns, author output, journal and subject categories, institutional collaborations, and geographical distribution.


Geotechnical materials range from rock to clay. Their behaviour is complex and is affected by such factors as the geologic history of formation, environmental factors, stress history, drainage condition and stress-path. Testing of these materials in the laboratory and in the field to understand their behaviour has been a challenging task to geotechnical engineers. Direct shear tests, triaxial shear tests, ring shear tests and cubical or multiaxid tests are among the different tests used in the laboratory. Specialized tests to capture strain softening behaviour and large sized particles are also used.


The cross entropy (CE) loss function is commonly adopted for neural network language model (NNLM) training. Although this criterion is largely successful, as evidenced by the quick advance of NNLM, minimizing CE only maximizes likelihood of training data. When training data is insufficient, the generalization power of the resulting LM is limited on test data. In this paper, we propose to integrate a pairwise ranking (PR) loss with the CE loss for multi-objective training on recurrent neural network language model (RNNLM). The PR loss emphasizes discrimination between target and non-target words and also reserves probabilities for low-frequency correct words, which complements the distribution learning role of the CE loss. Combining the two losses may therefore help improve the performance of RNNLM. In addition, we incorporate multi-task learning (MTL) into the proposed multi-objective learning to regularize the primary task of RNNLM by an auxiliary task of part-of-speech (POS) tagging. The proposed approach to RNNLM learning has been evaluated on two speech recognition tasks of WSJ and AMI with encouraging results achieved on word error rate reductions.


Number Abstract Title Authors Authors 2nd Annual EPFL Life Science Symposium Abstract Number Abstract TitleNumber Abstract Title 02 Dynamic I-V curves are reliable predictors of naturalistic pyramidal-cell voltage traces Badel, Laurent 1 | Lefort, Sandrine 2 | Petersen, Carl C.H. 2 | Gerstner, Wulfram 1 Richardson, Magnus J.E. 1-3. 1 Laboratoty of Computational Neuroscience, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland | 2 Laboratoty of Sensory Processing, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland | 3 Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. Neuronal response properties are typically probed by time-intensive intracellular measurements of current-voltage (I-V) relationships by step-change stimuli, in either current-clamp or voltage-clamp mode. Here we demonstrate a novel I-V curve which is measured while the neuronal voltage is fluctuating and producing spikes under more naturalistic stimulation protocols. This dynamic I-V curve requires only a few 10s of seconds of experimental time and so lends itself readily to the rapid classification of cell type and to the generation of reduced analytical models. We apply this technique to layer-5, cortical pyramidal cells and show that their dynamic I-V curve is invariant across all cells measured. The shape of the curve is very well fitted by a linear component, characterizing the passive properties of the cell, and an exponential component characterizing the onset of the sodium spike-generating current providing experimental evidence for a recently proposed theoretical model [1]. An important and novel property of the dynamic I-V curve is that it can be used to dissect the changing neuronal response function after a spike. This property is used to quantify the post-spike refractory properties of pyramidal cells which are characterized by transient changes in the parameters of the I-V curve, particularly in the level of the spike threshold. These observations are cast in a simple mathematical model which is used to predict the response of pyramidal cells to novel stimuli. The predictions of the resulting model are in excellent agreement with experiment and close to the intrinsic neuronal reproducibility to repeated stimuli. Task-modulated interactions in primary visual cortex induced by perceptual learning Schäfer, Roland 1 | Vasilaki, Eleni 2 | Senn, Walter 1. 1 University of Bern, Switzerland | 2 Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland The neuronal processing in primary visual cortex (V1) strongly depends on the perceptual task subjects perform based on a visual stimulus. Depending on the task, the same visual stimulus can evoke entirely different interactions among V1 neurons. For instance, the mutual suppression of edge-detecting V1 neurons in a side-by-side configuration can turn into strong facilitation when switching from a fixation task to a bisection task (Crist et al., 2001). Yet, bisection training does not change the classical receptive field properties of V1 neurons, even when these are determined while the task is performed. These seemingly contradictory observations place strong constraints on the architecture and processing in the primary visual cortex. We suggest a model of perceptual learning which naturally explains the selective modulation of V1 activities. The core idea is that perceptual learning develops a task-specific top-down modulation of intrinsic V1 interactions. Although these top-down signals vary with the task, they operate through common mechanisms on V1: gain modulation of pyramidal neurons and modulation of recurrent inhibition. During the fixation task top-down input is weak, recurrent inhibition dominates, and lateral suppression emerges. During the bisection task top-down signals strengthen the gain of excitatory neurons and lateral suppression is turned into excitation. Nevertheless, receptive field properties of the involved V1 neurons change only weakly. The proposed model is further compatible with recent psychophysical results on bisection learning with different bisection widths (Otto et al., 2006). 01 Affiliations Affiliations


Abstract We attempted to produce three dimensional (3D) aero-sponges using liquid silk (LS) extracted from the silk glands of fully grown larvae of Bombyx mori silkworms by combining an ice-crystal-sublimation method and a water-annealing treatment. The pore structure of the 3D LS-aero-sponge was constructed by the branched fibrous substrates and the films with small holes. It was assumed that the branched fibrous structure was mainly comprised of fibroin whereas the films were comprised of the fibroin interacting with the sericin fractions. Most of the WAXD peaks from the as-molded 3D LS-aero-sponge could be assigned to the silk1 crystal diffraction peaks of fibroin. The silk1 crystal modification of fibroin formed in the course of the production of the 3D LS-aero-sponge could bring about a good thermal shrinkproof property. Furthermore, a gamma ray irradiation treatment applied prior to the cell proliferation tests of the 3D LS-aero-sponges was found to be effective to form cross-linking in the sericin fractions. As a result, the yield stress in the compression tests of the 3D LS-aero-sponges was increased. The 3D LS-aero-sponge exhibited a good living cell proliferation properly in the culture tests using NH3T3 cells (Swiss albino mice embryonic fibroblasts) although that of the 2D LS-cast films was very poor. We suggest the good cell proliferation property of the 3D LS-aero-sponge was due to the continuous branched fibrous structure comprised of fibroin.


Based on reinforcement learning, an adaptive online optimization algorithm of time-out policy is presented for dynamic power management. First the time-out policy driven power-managed systems are formulated as semi-Markov control processes. Under this analytic model, the equivalent effect on performance-power trade-off of time-out and stochastic policies is probed, and the equivalent relation between these two types policies is derived. Then an adaptive optimization algorithm that combines gradient estimation online and stochastic approximation is proposed. This algorithm doesn't depend on the prior knowledge of system parameters, and can achieve a global optimum with less computational cost. Simulation results demonstrate the analytic results and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


This paper introduces the characteristic impedance analysis and 2X-Thru de-embedding method of the fine line. This type of transmission line has a frequency dependent characteristic impedance and a time dependent TDR response. In this paper, two sets of experiments are developed to study impedance. 2X-Thru de-embedding was the top choice for DUT measurements due to its simplicity and accuracy. Acceptable de-embedding results of fine transmission line are attained in the range from 0 to 50 GHz.


Abstract : The rate of reaction of F atoms with a series of compounds, CH4, CH3F, CH2F2, CHF3, CHClF2, HCl, CBrF3, NH3, and PH3 has been determined relative to the chemiluminescent reaction F + NO + Ar to FNO* + Ar to FNO + Ar + hv by photometry. The fluorine atoms were produced in a flow system from the fluid mixing of molecular fluorine and nitric oxide diluted with argon. (Author)


Legumes provide several ecological services to agroecosystems, but there is a lack of references on services related to N flows for a wide range of legume crops. N2O emissions were measured in two field experiments using a two-year legume-cereal crop sequence. In the first year (2014 and 2016), different legume crops were grown (lupin, pea, fava bean, common bean, soybean, chickpea) and compared to fertilized cereals (barley and sorghum). Once the seeds were harvested and the residues incorporated in the soil, unfertilized wheat was sown and harvested in the second year (2015 and 2017). N2O emissions, as well as soil temperature and moisture, were measured continuously using an automated chamber method during the two years of each experiment. Daily N2O emissions were less than 10 g N-N2O ha-1 d-1, with higher values (ranging from 10 to 90 g N-N2O ha-1 d-1) being measured during exceptionally rainy conditions. Daily N2O emissions were mainly influenced by climatic conditions for field experiments and far less by inorganic N content, except for N-fertilized cereals. For both field experiments, cumulative N2O emissions during legume and cereal pre-crops + fallow period between pre-crop harvest and wheat sowing (1st year) (mean values 365.4 and 318.1 g N-N2O ha-1 for experiment I and II, respectively) were higher than during wheat crop cultivation (2nd year) (155.8 and 101.5 g N-N2O ha-1 for experiment I and II, respectively). For field experiment II, N2O emissions were slightly higher for the N fertilized cereal pre-crops (529.8 and 523.3 g N-N2O ha-1 for barley and sorghum, respectively) compared to legume pre-crops (mean values 380.6 and 417.2 g N-N2O ha-1 for legumes sown in March and May, respectively), while no significant difference was measured for field experiment I. There was no difference in N2O emissions during the cultivation of the different legume species. Furthermore, when wheat was grown after legumes or N fertilized cereals, N2O emissions were comparable for the different experimental treatments with no relation established with the amounts of N present in crop residues or their C: N ratios. Despite the small differences in emissions between N-fertilized cereals and grain legumes, introducing these leguminous species in crop rotation and in these pedoclimatic conditions makes it possible to substitute synthetic N fertilizer and mitigate the greenhouse gases emitted from these cropping systems. However, further research is still needed to clarify and quantify the value of legumes in mitigating and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from cropping systems.


In this paper, we consider the initial boundary value problem for the p-Laplacian equation with weak and p-Laplacian damping terms, nonlinear boundary, delay and source terms acting on the boundary. By introducing suitable energy and perturbed Lyapunov functionals, we prove global existence, finite time blow up and asymptotic behavior of solutions in cases p > 2 and p = 2. To our best knowledge, there is no results of the p-Laplacian equation with a nonlinear boundary delay term.


The article discusses the features of the evolution on the silver screen so-called "white man's burden" or "civilizing mission" in the British colonies of the British Empire. The means of research were British feature films 1930-1980-ies. Using the author's methods of analysis of the ideological content of tapes and the context of their stories, it became clear that the idea of the "burden of the white" changed not only under the influence of the current socio-political situation in the metropolis and in the world, but also to a large extent transformed under the influence of highly artistic works of British directors each of which sought to bring to the story of the "civilizing mission" own view and vision to such a feature of the existence of the British Empire. The first feature films dedicated to the colonial subjects, by chance came the period of the ideological crisis of the empire in 1930, carried a powerful message of world film audience, the essence of which was the fact that Britain bears colonies only "good and justice" that without imperial province will remain forever languish in "darkness and ignorance." These films have reconciled a few British viewers with the idea of the need to preserve the empire. After the collapse of the colonial system there are films that criticize the cultural expansion of Europeans in the countries of Asia and Africa. The emphasis in these films was placed on the British arrogance and cruelty to the autochthonous peoples. The apogee evolution "burden of the white" reached in 1980, when Britain itself was to form multicultural society. The films of the decade have been devoted to the complete discrediting of the "civilizing mission" and recognize their mistakes in the relationship with the population of the colonies.


To cope with changing environments, recent developments in online learning have introduced the concepts of adaptive regret and dynamic regret independently. In this paper, we illustrate an intrinsic connection between these two concepts by showing that the dynamic regret can be expressed in terms of the adaptive regret and the functional variation. This observation implies that strongly adaptive algorithms can be directly leveraged to minimize the dynamic regret. As a result, we present a series of strongly adaptive algorithms whose dynamic regrets are minimax optimal for convex functions, exponentially concave functions, and strongly convex functions, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such kind of dynamic regret bound is established for exponentially concave functions. Moreover, all of those adaptive algorithms do not need any prior knowledge of the functional variation, which is a significant advantage over previous specialized methods for minimizing dynamic regret.


Introduction In The Roots of African-American Identity: Memory and History In The Antebellum Free Communities, Elizabeth Raul Bethel (1997) identifies two critical events that shaped black American consciousness and identity in the nineteenth century. The first was the Haitian revolution of 1791-1804, which resulted in the overthrow of French plantocratic hegemony by black slaves. For blacks in the United States and elsewhere, the revolution represented both a "model of political agency and racial achievement" that was denied to them, and the potency and possibilities of nationalism in the context of new world experience. It consequently nurtured optimism on the prospect of transcending enslavement (Bethel 1997, 82). The second was the 1807-1808 federal legislation prohibiting ships flying under the U.S. flag from engaging in the importation of slaves. Blacks welcomed this as signaling an end to the long sufferings brought upon Africans by enslavement and the transplantation process. This enthusiastic and...


The article provides a review of the evolution of scientific concepts on the innovation process. Two main approaches to the innovation process are presented: linear and non-linear, and their distinctive features are defined. Within each approach the main types of models of the innovation process are considered. The stages of formation and development of a linear model of the innovation process are reviewed. Analyzed the influence of various factors on the occurrence of non-linear models of the innovation process. Highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of linear and non-linear approaches to the development of models of the innovation process. The effect of trends in the localization of the innovation process in the current models of the innovation process are studied. The modeling of the innovation process at the present stage is proposed to be considered as a complex, interactive, nonlinear localized learning process.


Simultaneously occurring myelocytomas caused by avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) and Aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fl avus were diagnosed in a commercial layer fl ock. The mortality was up to 1% at 180 days old in this one of two, fi fteen thousand layer fl ocks. Clinical signs of the affected chickens started from 80 day old, and included inactivity, depressed and anorexia. No respiratory signs were observed. On necropsy, various sized gray to yellow tumor-like nodular lesions were found on viscera. Microscopically, the tumor-like nodules were composed of two kinds of patterns, central caseous necrotic granulomas and multifoci eosinophilic myeloid cell proliferation. Intestinal adenocarcinoma in the duodenum, atrophy lesion in the ovaries, arteritis in various tissues, and hydrocephalus were observed, respectively. Hemotologically, the percentage of heterophils and eosinophils were signifi cantly increased, while lymphocytes, basinophils and monocytes were signifi cantly decreased. Aetiologically, A. fl avus was cultured from the liver granulomas, and four strains of ALV-J were isolated from the serum of sick chickens, while ALV-A, ALV-B, MDV and REV were PCR negative. The antibody of ALV-J was negative (viremia) in seven sick chickens. The isolates have the highest nucleotide sequence homology (98.2~98.4%) with the prototype strain HPRS-103 of ALV-J. The evidence in this study shows that the source of ALV-J was from vertical transmission, while the source of A. fl avus was not determined. This is the fi rst report of ALV-J and A. fl avus occurring naturally and concurrently in commercial layer hens.


During a half-year period in 1990, the occurence and frequency of losses of live-born piglets were observed on the "Dubravica" pig-breeding farm, near Zagreb, Croatia. In order to establish the reasons for losses among suckling piglets, a mortality causes classification based on the international SNOVET system, part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System (launched in the USA 1985), was applied. From a total of 2010 live-born piglets lost, 41, 4 % persihed due to gastrointestinal syndrome, 37, 8 % from overlaying, 8, 0 % from inanitio neonatorum, 7, 6 % were culled, 3, 3 % died of bronchopneumonia and 1, 9 % of cachexia. Assembling and systematizing data in such a way, presents an active strategy for future reduction and control of losses among suckling piglets.


Exhibits in science centers are incubators of scientific knowledge. By interacting with the exhibits—for example, pushing a button to elicit a response or cranking a wheel to produce an effect the scope for exploratory learning and fostering of functional understanding is enhanced for visitors. A range of scientific concepts can be explored via 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com ITB13312 INFORMATION SCIENCE PUBLISHING


Introduction: Populational aging is a phenomenon that causes changes in the whole world, highlighting the spread of HIV/AIDS on the elderly population, characterized as a public health problem.


Temporal Changed in the Abundance and Cellular Distribution of GAPDH (April 2006) Jessica Carter Department of Biology Texas A&M University Research Advisor: Dr. Vincent M. Cassone Department of Biology Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a metabolic enzyme originally thought to be only involved in glycolysis. New studies have shown that this protein contains novel functions not previously anticipated. Furthermore, separate circadian oscillations in glycolytic processes and "clock" genes exist. It is hypothesized that GAPDH is a potential link between the glycolytic and clock gene pathways. The changes in the amount and location of GAPDH in chicken retinas, pineal glands, and brain tissues at four time points throughout the day while in constant darkness (DD) were examined. GAPDH was localized using standard immunohistochemical techniques. In the retinal tissue, GAPDH was found in a high abundance in the ganglion cells, outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, inner nuclear and plexiform layer, and the photoreceptor cell layer of the retina. Additionally, a circadian rhythm in GAPDH abundance was observed in the outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, inner nuclear and plexiform layer, and the photoreceptor cell layer, which all had a rhythmic expression and gradual decrease at CT12. The pineal gland and parasympathetic


Boron is known as a rare and one of the most important elements for future engineering. Boron is naturally present in nature in the form of minerals, such as tincal, ulexite, colemanite, boracite, datolite and so on. Besides of the healthy benefits, it has numerous application area from agricultural applications to space technology. The boron derived chemicals, such as borones, borates, borohydrides, boronic acids and other boron compounds, are applied from nanoto macroscale. In this study, usage of boron mineral was investigated as a raw material in colemanite form without any chemical treatment. For this purpose polyethylene-colemanite composites were produced and characterized thermally. Polyethylene was used as a binder and colemanite as a matrix material. Used materials were characterized before process via the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Thermomechanical analysis and limiting oxygen index tests were also performed in order to determine the thermal and inflammability properties of the composite. The results show that colemanite play an ultimate role in composites for flammable properties and mechanical performance. These properties can be controlled by proper adjustments of the amount of colemanite in the composite.


The changes should take place on the culture following the transition from the traditional society to the modern society in order to meet the needs of building the socialist harmonious society.We should carry forward the building of the citizen culture,the culture of ruling by law,the contract culture and the ecological culture who have the characteristics of free,equality and democracy.All of them provide a suitable cultural background and a spiritual support to building the socialist harmonious society.


Recent FCC regulations have caused wireless operators to introduce new technologies into their networks for E911 compliance. This paper focuses on what these new regulations mean to wireless operators, LCC International's position on testing and compliance, and the cost benefit of various testing methodologies.


Cognitive Radio Networks, comprise of cognitive, spectrum adaptive devices which are capable of changing their parameters, taking into consideration the radio environment so as to utilize the spectrum efficiently as well as to provide dynamic utilization to the secondary users. For this, an effective route setup becomes a dire necessit y so as to provide efficient transmission in a highly congested environment. This paper focuses on some of the obstructions during the establishment of route from sender to destination node. This paper also provides insight on some of the used protocols in the field of cognitive networks used to effectively setting up of routes by taking into consideration the different features for discovery of nodes providing minimal path for efficient transmission. Keyword: - Cognitive Radio Networks; routing environment; radio spectrum; location-aided routing; challenges in routing


As Mendlowitz and colleagues mentioned in a recent commentary, the World Health Organization set a goal for the elimination of viral hepatitis until 2030. This means that the number of newly infected persons and related mortality should be decreased by 90% and 65%, respectively. The elimination programs focus on different parts such as testing, treatment, immunization against hepatitis B virus (HBV), preventing mother to child transmission, blood safety, and harm reduction. Now, COVID-19 is spreading fast throughout the world and more than one million people have been affected by this virus so far. While all attentions are now on providing effective medicines and vaccines for COVID-19, we should not forget other viruses and diseases.


Of all pulsars known Vela has been one of the most productive in terms in understanding pulsars and their characteristics. We present the latest results derived from Australian telescopes. These include a more accurate pulsar distance, a more precise pulsar local space velocity, a new model of the spin up and the association of a radio nebula with the X-ray pulsar wind nebula.


The following research stems from the need to understand and analyze new communication technologies (ICTs), in order to understand the relationship between older generations and the generation X who are adults with the average of 40 to 55 years. Today, the use of mobile technology has become an essential part of the coexistence and survival of mankind. Given this observation it is interesting to emphasize the important points that have contributed to the development of its research, such as historical data, fundamental theories, usage rates at both global and national levels, cases related to the subject of study, among others. By doing so we are able to build a much broader vision about the relationship of these generations with ICTS and determine the influence of the communicational gap. This field of study provides interesting data about the use of these devices and
the motivators for which these generations come to use them. Also this data explains why many of the older generations are still reluctant to accept these new means of communication. Lastly, it presents explanatory data that supports one of specific objective of this research, which aims to demonstrate that it is necessary to deploy professionals in Ecuador who contribute with training and advice for the use and management of mobile technology, especially for the older generations.


A new receding horizon dual-mode control method is proposed for a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems represented by Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy models subject to mixed constraints including hard input constraint and soft state constraint. On the one hand, our receding horizon scheme is based upon an online optimisation that utilises optimised sequence plus local linear feedback. On the other hand, due to the consideration of computation burden, an amplitude decaying aggregation strategy is introduced to reduce the number of optimisation variables. The proposed controller is obtained using semi-definite programming, which can be easily solved by means of linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example is given to verify the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.


A simple, easily constructed device for delivering PEEP with an intermittent positive pressure respirator is described with details of construction. It is inexpensive, accurate, and disposable. We feel it is important at this time when hospital costs are rising at an alarming rate to utilize inexpensive, albeit accurate devices.


Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a major limiting factor in soybean production throughout Iowa and elsewhere. SCN-resistant varieties are the only management strategy currently available; while they work well in preventing rapid increases of SCN, they do not reduce existing SCN densities effectively. Early detection of SCN infestations is key in managing this pest. This project developed a slide set and began work on a videotape to educate Iowa growers about SCN biology and symptoms, along with strategies that can be employed when infestations are detected in early stages.


This paper proposes a compact bandpass filter using a loaded open-ended T-shaped stub. The open-ended T-shaped stub is loaded with vertical resonators placed across. The key advantage of using vertical resonators in the design is the simplicity and low insertion loss it provides. The structure used is an open-ended stub attached on one end to the transmission line (λ/2) to form a T-shaped resonator (λ/4) having vertical resonators placed across. The vertical resonator position alters the position at which the transmission zero occurs. A pair of the T-shaped resonator is placed on parallel sides of the feed line. The proposed filter is designed with the aid of Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio Software. The proposed concept is verified by designing filters with four different vertical resonator positions. The filter possesses a good rejection and low insertion loss of < 2dB with Chebyshev response. This filter is suited for modern-day communication applications since it shows good rejection of out of band signals.


We report on a 58-year-old patient showing the complete dermatological appearance of Arndt-Gottron scleromyxoedema without organ involvement. The distinct pachyderma and sclerema resulted in mimic rigidity and reduced mobility, especially of the hands, causing painful skin symptoms. In addition, the patient suffered from an IgG-paraproteinaemia of the light chain type Kappa with bone marrow infiltration of a plasmocytoma. Within 6 months an almost complete remission of the disease could be observed under immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone in combination with plasmapheresis. The paraproteinaemia, however, persisted.


Since the beginning of the eighties, the GMP - Genetically Modified Plants - are considered as a progress for the main stakeholders of the agricultural-biotechnologies and the adoption of the integrated crops solutions by the farmers keeps on growing at the world level. Now, considering the public arena, the GMP causes a deep uncertainty; this can be observed in Europe anyway. Two thesis explain this situation: the first one, which is stood up by the advocates of the sound science, states that the public refuses the GMF because it has a wrong knowledge about the biotechnologies; a second one, which is merely defended by the social science, states that the consumers haven't been enough involved in the debate. Our interdisciplinary study aims to complete these explanations by showing the ideological shape of the discourse through a threefold reading, which combines history of sciences, communicating study and history of the thinking. The first sight displays the controversy which sets against the experts on the basis of the potential risks assessment and the appraisal of the benefits, The second sight studies the mechanisms of the polemic which catch the opinion in a pincer movement between the communication strategies of the industrials and the ones of the NGO. The last sight gives the arguments of the naturalists and the technicist's thesis, and then comes back on two fundamentals issues. At last, a bid of definition of the GMP allows clarifying the values here at stake, and gives the basis for renewing with the dialog.


In this paper, we have proposed an extremely-small, low-cost and high reliability 3-dimensional micro-system which is composed of radio frequency (RF) components. The microwave monolithic integrated circuits of the T/R module are mounted onto a silicon substrate which is fabricated by MEMS technology. Some passive components, such as filters, attenuators and transmission lines, are embedded in the silicon substrate. The full T/R module consists of a low noise amplifier, two driver amplifiers, a limiter, two attenuators, two switches and a MEMS filter. The maximum of the measured noise figure of the T/R module is 3.5dB. The measured Tx and Rx gain are 35dB and 25dB respectively, and the output power at 1-dB gain compression point is 25dBm. By comparing with the samples obtained by the Surface Mount Technology (SMT) process, the volume is only half of the similar products, while the performance is basically the same, which verifies the feasibility of the technical approach.


Due to the complexity of the motor, direct temperature measurement of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) may not be available and the estimation through classic thermal modeling still lacks accuracy. In this report, we analyzed features according to their correlations and selected major features for models we used later to train the data. Subsequently, regression tools including simple linear regression with selected features, and with added kernels were used. We also applied classifications and convolutional neural network(CNN) before regression for motor temperature estimation considering data time dependency.In general, we are able to generate the best prediction via CNN and regression.


The percentage of poverty in North Sumatra Province in 2021 will reach 9.01%. The data used are poverty percentage data in North Sumatra for 2021, Gini ratio, Covid-19 pandemic, poverty depth index, education and unemployment rate are considered to contribute to the percentage of poverty in North Sumatra Province. The purpose of this research is to determine the variables that have a significant effect on the Percentage of Poverty in North Sumatra in 2021. The method used is Ordinal Least Square. The results of this study show that the Poverty Percentage model in North Sumatra in 2021 uses a robust M-estimation regression which is 4.432790; 0.07230 and 0.007035. Partially, the regression coefficient shows that the poverty depth index has a significant effect on the percentage of poverty with a probability of 9.087. Simultaneously, the Gini ratio, the Covid-19 pandemic, the poverty depth index, education and unemployment affect the percentage of poverty with a probability of 64,602.


Haiti, the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, is ravished by food insecurity (FI). A convenience sample of 149 households was studied to find out what the most significant independent factors associated with food insecurity in Haiti are. Household FI was assessed with the 16‐item ELCSA scale previously validated in the target communities. ELCSA's reference time period was the three months preceding the survey and it was answered by the mother. Households were categorized as either very FI (42.7%, ELCSA score range: 1‐10) or severely FI (57.3%, ELCSA score range: 11‐16). Multivariate logistic regression results indicated that landownership (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.05‐0.68), trader‐headed household (vs. farmer) (0.09; 0.01‐0.58), and lower frequency of rice consumption (0.17; 0.05‐0.52) were associated with lower risk of severe FI. Lunch (6.9, 1.8‐27.0) and dinner skipping (16.5, 2.4‐114.5), female index child (3.2, 1.1‐9.4) and larger household size (3.4, 1.0‐11.5) increased the risk of severe FI. These findings suggest that policies that increase landownership and occupation status are likely to reduce household food insecurity. Funded by the AgroSalud Project (CIDA # 7034161).


On the basis of current landuse map of GuangNing county,key techniques of database designing and function realizing in the con-struction of landscape trend information system have been discussed supported by GPS and mapgis.


User interface facilities are a crucial part of the infrastructure of a software environment. The authors discuss the particular demands and constraints on a user interface management system (UIMS) for a software environment, and the relation between the architecture of the environment and the UIMS. A model for designing user interface management systems for large, extensible environments is presented. This model synthesizes several recent advances in user interfaces and specializes them to the domain of software environments. The model can be applied to a wide variety of environment contexts. A prototype implementation is described.<<ETX>>


Abstract Eighteen hundred samples of Traditional Chinese medicinal materials from a traditional medical storehouse in Huainan City, Anhui Province, China were collected and examined for mites. The results indicated 87% (1566/1800) of samples were infested with 47 species of mites belonging to 25 genera and 7 families. It is concluded that Traditional Chinese medicinal materials are severely contaminated and much more importance should be given to the protection of stored products and to the prevention of human acariasis.


Studies of the social contexts of literacy learning in school contexts suggest that literacy development cannot be understood apart from the context in which it occurs. By studying the classroom contexts for literacy learning, the various ways in which students are socialized to use language and to "doing being student" are made evident. Some learning environments provide differential access to literacy activities in which using and participating in meaningful discourse is both the process and the product. This article argues that students must have opportunities to develop academic discourse, that is, both linguistic and sociocultural knowledge about what it means to be a member of a particular classroom community, in order to achieve academic competence. Students who participate in academic activities that provide few opportunities to co‐construct elaborated and meaningful oral and written texts and, instead, participate in activities whose knowledge exchange system is defined and directed by teachers w...


A single subcutaneous injection of an intoxicating dose of ethyl alcohol, given tointact 17 week old male CBA mice, induced an acute involution of the thymus which was maximal 36 to 48 hours after the injection. Based on a comparison made with the thymo-regressive response to hydrocortisone, the involution observed was estimated to have been due to a fifty-fold increase in adrcnocortical steroid activity. A comparison of the growth curves and the cytologicalmechanisms responsible for the reconstitution of the thymus was then made, between the stressed-intact animals and stressed animals bilaterally adrcnalcctomized at the time of maximal thymicinvolution. In the intact animals, the thymus regained 50% of its total weight loss by the 96th hour after the alcohol injections. Beyond this the rate of reconstitution decreased andthe normal thymic weight was not attained until between the 240th and 288th hours. Adrenalectomy completely reversed the shape of the growth curve. There was an initial inhibition of gr...


Two months later, a further thoracotomy was carried out in order to close a persistent bronchial fistula. The anaesthetic technique employed was identical and was not followed by any change in his strabismus, which had remained in statu quo since his first operation. At the present time, there is no sign of any improvement except that his vision is no longer double. An aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery at the origin of its posterior communicating branch is a possibility which it is intended to explore at a later date, once his tuberculous condition has been retieved. Yours faithfully, J. E. NORMAN


A Modern Pilgrim's Progress With Further Revelations for Diabetics by Garfield G. Duncan, now in a second edition, is published primarily for the use of patients in understanding their disease. Because of the overwhelming preponderance of adult diabetics within the total group of such patients, only one or two pages of this text are specifically oriented to the child with diabetes. The material is presented in the form of a story about a social worker who has been diabetic since her early adult life. She works for a physician, who has special interests in diabetes, and through the mechanism of the story of her life plus vignettes of her contacts with many patients who have diabetes, a great variety of problems are defined and discussed in the pages of this book. Thus, the majority of difficulties that arise in the management of adults with diabetes are discussed in a most


Objective of this study was to examine if the Interlocking Finger Test (ILFT) is a suitable bedside screening test for visuospatial functions and/or dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients aiming to facilitate the diagnosis of a dementia syndrome associated with posterior cortical and temporal lobe dysfunction according to the dual syndrome hypothesis (frontostriatal vs. posterior cortical cognitive impairment).


Microbiological assays were conducted to determine the level of total folate in feed ingredients using Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 7469). Fifty-seven samples of feedstuffs were collected from several locations in the southeastern USA by a major broiler producer. Folic acid contents of samples pretreated before assay with three enzymes (conjugase, α-amylase, a mixture of protease (Pronase®, were 22±86 ± 1.99 (μg per 100 g ± SD) for corn (N = 14), 22±01 + 1.18 for fish meal (N = 7), 29.34 ± 0.55 for milo (N = 4), 25.80 ± 6.93 for bakery meal (N = 5), 56.76 ± 4.97 for meat and bone meal (N = 4), 85.14 ± 2.56 for wheat middlings (N = 5), and 193.97 ± 11.19 for soybean meal (N = 18). Predigestion with conjugase, α-amylase and Pronase® liberated folic acid and increased values by 22.3% compared to conjugase predigestion alone (P≤0.05). This study shows that the traditional conjugase pretreatment does not completely free folate from complex feed ingredients for microbiological analysis.


A Gait History Image (GHI) is a spatial template that accumulates regions of motion into a single image in which moving pixels are brighter than others. A new descriptor named Time-Sliced Averaged Gradient Boundary Magnitude (TAGBM) is also designed to show the time variations of motion. The spatial and temporal information of each video can be condensed using these templates. Based on this opinion, a new method is proposed in this paper. Each video is split into N and M groups of consecutive frames, and the GHI and TAGBM are computed for each group, resulting spatial and temporal templates. Transfer learning with the fine-tuning technique has been used for classifying these templates. This proposed method achieves the recognition accuracies of 96.50%, 92.30% and 97.12% for KTH, UCF Sport and UCF-11 action datasets, respectively. Also it is compared with state-of-the-art approaches and the results show that the proposed method has the best performance.


yctransverse momenta and large rapidities. We compare ourresults with theoretical predictions extended into this kine-matic domain.The D0 detector [8] consists of three main systems: cen-tral and forward drift chambers, used to identify chargedtracks for pseudorapidity jhj # 3.2; the uranium-liquid ar-gon calorimeter with nearly hermetic coverage for jhj #4; and the muon system. The detector component mostrelevant to this analysis is the small angle muon spectro-meter (SAMUS) [9,10] consisting of magnetized irontoroids and drift tube stations on each side of the interactionregion with pseudorapidity coverage of 2.2 , jh


Livestock health issues have always been a major concern in the animal production. Although, the common solution is to give proper care and nourishing food, farmers ignore the fact that each and every livestock varies in characteristics, which also requires changes in the nutritional intake. In this paper, we suggest a nutrition control system using fuzzy logic technique to take care of the uncertain data from various parameters that affects the nutritional imbalance in the livestock. The CowStage, Weight, Health and PregnancyStage are considered the basic functionality that determines the nutrition requirement in the cow. Hence, the fuzzy technique is applied to determine the nutrition requirement and the quantity of food intake that needs to be served, after accessing the daily food assignment. As each cow has different health issues, using this model, ensures a balanced diet for each and every cow, and also facilitates to maintain proper health.


Current and future radio telescopes, in particular the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), are envisaged to produce large images (> 108 pixels) with over 60 dB dynamic range. This poses a number of image reconstruction and technological challenges, which will require novel approaches to image reconstruction and design of data processing systems. In this paper, we sketch the limitations of current algorithms by extrapolating their computational requirements to future radio telescopes as well as by discussing their imaging limitations. We discuss a number of potential research directions to cope with these challenges.


Marinella SANDROS Raman spectroscopy is a vibrational technique complimentary to Infrared (IR) Absorption. They both provide information on materials via their molecular and crystalline vibrations. While IR spectroscopy has been used more widely, Raman has some distinctly different characteristics that provide advantages when making measurements on biological materials. For a start, water, while it does produce a spectrum, that spectrum is weak and does not present an overwhelming background as it does in the IR; since biological matrices are, by definition, aqueous, this is an enormous advantage. The second important difference lies in the focusing capability in microscopic sampling; the physical limitations to microscopic sampling depend on the wavelength of the radiation. Raman spectra are excited by lasers with wavelengths between 1064 and 244 nm which are 4 to 400 times shorter than the wavelengths probed by infrared absorption. An IR microscope can acquire spectral maps of histological tissue sections (hundreds of μm's), but not cells (7-12 μm size range), certainly not organelles (tenths of μm's) or bacterial micro-organisms (~1 μm). In addition, The acquisition of Raman spectra are not limited to thin samples or to surface measurements; it is possible to probe below a surface if a sample is not opaque. For this article we have selected three topics where there is groundbreaking activity in Raman microscopy worldwide and where the implementation has potential to solve outstanding problems. Information on instrumentation innovations that are critical to some of this work (especially lab-on-a-chip) will be mentioned. The references, while not exhaustive, will provide the interested reader entry to the literature. The topics that have been selected are identification of bacterial micro-organisms, disease diagnosis, and Raman imaging.


In recent years,with the rapid development of mobile learning resources,mobile APP application has become the best choice for ubiquitous learning. The optimal design of micro curriculum resources based on mobile APP mainly involves designing environment,development tools,design concept,modular design,resource encapsulation,and resource labeling. In the process of optimal design,design environment,design concept,module division,development tools,and content design are essential.But the data processing,design innovation,the choice of tools and user stickiness are the problems to be solved urgently.


Performance and energy consumption are fundamental requirements in computer systems. A very frequent challenge is to combine both aspects, searching to keep the high performance computing while consuming less energy. There are a lot of techniques to reduce energy consumption, but in general, they use modern processors resources or they require specific knowledge about application and platform used. In this work, we propose a performance analysis workflow strategy divided into two steps. In the first step, we analyze the parallel application behavior through the use of hardware counters that reflect CPU and memory usage. The goal is to obtain a per-region computing signature. The result of this first step is a configuration file that describes the duration of each region, their hardware counters, and source code identification. The second step runs the parallel application with different frequencies (low or high) according to the characterization obtained in the previous step. The results show a reduction of 1,89% in energy consumption for the Lulesh benchmark with an increase of 0,09% in runtime when we compare our approach against the governor Ondemand of the Linux Operating System.


N,N-dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide (C12NO) is a surfactant that may exist either in a neutral or protonated form depending on the pH of aqueous solutions. Using small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD) we demonstrate structural responsivity of C12NO/dioleoylphospha-tidylethanolamine (DOPE)/DNA complexes designed as pH sensitive gene delivery vectors. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) was employed to follow kinetics of C12NO protonization and DNA binding into C12NO/DOPE/DNA complexes in solution of 150 mM NaCl at acidic condition. SANS data analyzed using paracrystal lamellar model show the formation of complexes with stacking up to ∼32 bilayers, spacing ∼ 62 Å, and lipid bilayer thickness ∼37 Å in 3 minutes after changing pH from 7 to 4. Subsequent structural reorganization of the complexes was observed along 90 minutes of SANS mesurements.


The reaction between the salts [PtH(Me2CO)(PEt3)2][BF4] and [NEt4][W(CC6H3Me2-2,6)(CO)2(η5-C2B9H9Me2)] in acetone at low temperature (ca. –30 °C) affords the dimetal compound [WPtH(µ-CC6H3Me2-2,6)(CO)2(PEt3)(η5-C2B9H9Me2)], in which the carbaborane ligand forms a B–H⇀Pt three-centre bond by employing a BH group in the pentagonal face of the cage. This product readily affords, via loss of hydrogen, the complex [WPt(µ-CC6H3Me2-2,6)(CO)2(PEt3)(µ-σ:η5-C2B9H8Me2)] as a mixture of two isomers. The structure of the major isomer (ca. 80%) has been established by X-ray diffraction. The W–Pt bond [2.728(1)A] is asymmetrically bridged by the CC6H3Me2-2,6 group [µ-C–W 1.88(2), µ-C–Pt2.15(2)A]. Indeed with a W–µ-C–C1(C6H3) angle of 175(1)° these three atoms are nearly linear. The carbaborane ligand has undergone 'slippage' along the W–Pt vector to accommodate formation of a direct exopolyhedral B–Pt σ bond [2.01(2)A]. This linkage involves the central boron in the [graphic omitted] face of the icosahedral fragment η5 bonded to tungsten. The PEt3 ligand attached to the platinum atom [Pt–P, 2.251(7)A] is transoid to the µ-C and W atoms [µ-C–Pt–P, 160.6(4)°, W–Pt–P 155.9(1)°]. The n.m.r. data (1H, 13C-{1H}, 11B-{1H}, and 31P-{1H}) are in accord with the structure established by the X-ray diffraction study. Similar data for the minor isomer reveal that this species had a structure in which the B–Pt σ bond involves a boron atom [graphic omitted] in the face of the cage, adjacent to a CMe group. The two isomers may be separated by column chromatography, but solutions equilibrate on standing. Formation of the major isomer from [WPtH (µ-CC6H3Me2-2,6)(CO)2(PEt3)(η5-C2B9H9Me2)] can be partially reversed by treating solutions of the former with hydrogen. Mechanisms are proposed for these various transformations based in part on deuteriation studies employing [PtD(Me2CO)(PEt3)2][BF4] as a precursor to the W–Pt species. The compound [WPt(µ-CC6H3Me2-2,6)(CO)2(PEt3)(µ-σ:η5-C2B9H8Me2)](major isomer) is relatively inert to the addition of ligands at the formally 14-electron platinum centre, presumably due to the presence of the bulky xylyl group. However, reactions very readily occur with rod-like ligands (L = CO or CNBut) to give the compounds [WPt(µ-CC6H3Me2-2,6)(CO)2(PEt3)(L)(µ-σ:η5-C2B9H8Me2)]. Indeed the tricarbonyl complex is a major constituent of the mixture of products obtained by treating the complex [NEt4][W(CC6H3Me2-2,6)(CO)2(η5-C2B9H9Me2)] with [PtH(Me2CO)(PEt3)2][BF4]. An X-ray study of the carbon monoxide adduct revealed a structure similar to the precursor with parameters W–Pt, 2.728(1),µ-C–W 1.89(1), µ-C–Pt 2.29(1), B–Pt 2.16(1)A, W–µ-C–C1(C6H3) 160.0(8), and P–Pt–W 138.5(1)°. The significantly lower W–µ-C–C1(C6H3) angle (ca. 160°) compared with that in the precursor is presumably a consequence of the presence of the additional CO ligand terminally bound to the platinum and cisoid to the alkylidyne group [µ-C–Pt–CO 83.5(4)°].


Preferential attachment models with fitness are a substantial extension of the classical preferential attachment model, where vertices have an independent fitness that has a linear impact on its attractiveness in the network formation. As observed by Bianconi and Barabási [4] such network models show different phases. In the condensation phase a small number of exceptionally fit vertices collects a finite fraction of all new links and hence forms a condensate. In this article, we analyse the formation of the condensate for a variant of the model with deterministic normalisation. We consider the regime where the fitness distribution is bounded and has polynomial tail behaviour in its upper end. The central result is a law of large numbers for an appropriately scaled version of the condensate. It follows that a Γ -distributed shape is formed and, in particular, that the number of vertices contributing to the condensate rises to infinity with increasing network size, in probability.


The spectrum of resonance fluorescence from a system of two identical coherently driven two-level atoms interacting with a broadband squeezed bath is studied by including the atomic dipole-dipole interaction. The spectral characteristics are studied by solving the master equation numerically and also by deriving the analytic expressions in the limit of strong driving field.


Objective To investigate relationship between defecation and residual anorectal motility and some gastrointestinal hormone in blood plasma of post radical operation patients with rectal cancer. Methods According to operation style, patients with rectal cancer were divided into Dixson group and Miles group. Relationship between the anorectal motility during different period and gastrointestinal hormone were measured separately. The hormone included vasoactive intestinal polypeptide(VIP) and motilin (MTL), meanwhile, 20 cases healthy subjects were measured as control group, which was compared with Dixson group. Self compare was performed in Miles group. Results In the Dixson group, internal anal sphincter pressure (IAS-P), external anal sphincter pressure (EAS-P), maximal squeeze pressure (MSP), rectal volume at sensory threshold (RVST), maximal tolerable rectal (MTV) and rectum contractile reflex minimum pressure (RCR-MP) decreased. These changes were significant from the first month to the third month after the operation and increased gradually in the sixth month after the operation with completely recovered in some of the patients. Meanwhile, VIP had different degree of increase when comparing to control group and MLT showed no change. Statistic analysis showed there was significant positive relationship between VIP and RVST with r=0.375, P0.05; the negative relationship between VIP and MSP was also noted with r=-0.583, P0.05. In the Miles group, colonic motility measurement showed different change in long and short motor waves from the first month to the sixth month. The amplitude decreased, frequency decreased and continued time extended (P0.05).The continued time of organized contraction group decreased significantly (P0.01). There were no relationship between VIP and MLT and colonic amplitude and frequency of long and short waves, but negative relationship between VIP and organized contraction groups was noted with r=-0.34, P0.05. Conclusions In the Dixson group, through a series measurement, there were different change in residual anorectal motility after Dixson operation. These change closely related with residual length of the rectum. The shorter the residual rectum are, the more function are influenced in anorectal. With the lapse of time, residual anorectal motility adjusts and compensates gradually. The defecation function in patients with the residual rectum shorter than 4 cm can not recover. In the Miles group, colonic motility have a series of change. VIP and MTL are important factors which closely related to the defecation function recovery.


The results obtained from several exact solutions of the transient response of submerged cylindrical and spherical shells are presented. An analysis of these results points to the limitations of the plane (piston theory) and cylindrical wave acoustic approximations, and clarifies the reasons for their inadequacies. It is shown that when nonradiating components of the shell-fluid response are significant, the acoustic approximations are unable to describe the interaction phenomenon. Such components are significant when the motion of the structure induces closely spaced (when compared to the fluid wavelength) adjacent compressed and rarified regions in the fluid, which results in significant fluid flow along the shell. At high frequencies (short fluid wavelengths) this does not occur since sufficient time is not available. Although the relative simplicity of the acoustic approximations make them attractive, one should be wary of using them when it is suspected that closely spaced adjacent compressed and rarified regions are induced in the fluid.


Summary One hundred and sixteen patients with RDC unipolar recurrent depressive disorder, melancholic subtype, were treated with imipramine or phenelzine and followed-up for six months. None of the patients had a first-degree relative with bipolar I disorder. Twenty-six patients (22.4%) presented an hypomanic episode ('hypomanic group'). This group of patients, when depressed, had a significantly lower age of onset of the disorder and higher response to antidepressant therapy than patients who did not present an hypomanic episode. Significantly more patients (88%) of the 'hypomanic group' had at least one first-degree relative with a history of major depressive disorder. These patients displayed some of the typical features of bipolar II disorder. Overall results support the continuum in clinical phenomena between unipolar and bipolar disorders.


The kinetics of detritiation of 2′,6′-dihydroxyacetophenone have been studied at 25° in aqueous buffers and sodium hydroxide solutions in the pH range 6.0–13.8, and similar studies were made for 2′-hydroxyacetophenone between pH 12 and 13.8. The rates of the intramolecular processes for the two compounds have been determined, and do not indicate any special effects arising from simultaneous acid and base catalysis in the monoanion of 2′,6′-dihydroxyacetophenone. The results suggest an unusually large hydrogen isotope effect for intramolecular proton transfer in the anion of 2′-hydroxyacetophenone.


The paper starts out with a brief outline on the main characteristics of family forestry in Europe. Globalisation and changing sociodemographic patterns are amongst the most demanding challenges for developing sound and long-term orientated framework conditions for forest economy. Forest owners manage the most promising and multifunctional natural resource of the 21 century and they should be encouraged to continue their engagement and provide their expertise and holistic thinking to future generations. Society needs to value forest owners as partners in achieving sustainable development. With the sustainable production of timber they form the basis for producing wood and wood-based products for individual lifestyles. The forest owners ́ commitment to multifunctional sustainable forest management creates in the best possible way added value through non-market goods and services. Research needs to contribute to innovative solutions that capitalize on the unique opportunities offered by sustainable forest management and the production of wood and non-wood products.


The invention discloses a camera shooting assembly and an electronic device. The camera shooting assembly comprises a shell, a camera module, a buckling module and a compression spring, wherein the shell is provided with a containing groove; the camera module is arranged in the containing groove in a sliding way and comprises a hook structure and a lens; the buckling module is arranged in the containing groove and is configured to buckle or release the hook structure selectively; the compression spring is connected to the camera module, wherein when the buckling module buckles the hook structure, the lens is arranged in the containing groove; and when the buckling module releases the hook structure, the compression spring pushes the camera module to slide relative to the shell, so that the lens is exposed outside the containing groove. The electronic device provided by the invention has a storage function to reduce lens dirt or other problems about cleaning.


The universal covers ofc.c*-geometries constructed from the length two orbits of certain involutory automorphism ofPG(2,q)are determined. It particular, we answer a question from 5.


A test strip sample pouring tank (3) comprises a reaction tank (34) for containing a test strip (4); an openable and closeable negative-pressure cavity (32) communicated with the reaction tank (31) is arranged below the reaction tank (31); a drainage hole (33) for communication between the reaction tank (31) and the negative-pressure cavity (32) is arranged therebetween. The test strip (4) is placed in the reaction tank (31), the test strip (4) is completely soaked in a sample through sample pouring after the negative-pressure cavity (32) is closed, and after the test strip (4) is in full contact with the sample, the negative-pressure cavity (32) is opened to suck the sample into the negative-pressure cavity (32) via the drainage hole (33), and thus the sample within the test strip sample pouring tank (3) is removed by suction. Through the method of soaking the test strip (4) completely, the sample reacts with the test strip (4) accurately and sufficiently; furthermore, by means of the arrangement of the negative-pressure cavity (32), the sample is entirely removed so that erroneous results of detection of the test strip (4) caused by an inaccurate sample application, a missing sample application, excessive sample pouring and the like can be completely avoided, and therefore, the purpose of improving the accuracy of detection is realized. Also disclosed are a drying analyzer and a sample pouring and cleaning method thereof. The drying analyzer comprises a sampling needle (1) and the test strip sample pouring tank (3).


The method previously suggested by the author in 1977 for calculating settlement of non-plastic to slightly plastic Piedmont Physiographic Region residual soils is reviewed. Additional pressuremeter data is included from throughout the Piedmont for development of a revised correlation between pressuremeter modulus and Standard Penetration Test N value. The rheological factor alpha relating the soil modulus of deformation to the pressuremeter modulus is re-evaluated based on new case histories and a value of 1 is again recommended. Thus, settlements may be calculated using the pressuremeter modulus as an approximation of the soil modulus of deformation when good quality pressurement modulus profiles are available for a specific site. A correction factor to be applied to the general settlement equation when rock occurs within the depth of influence of the foundation is presented.


Objective:To explore the relationship between glycometabolism dysfunction and the degree of coronary artery lesion in patients with acute coronary syndrome.Methods:A total of 190 enrolled ACS patients were examined by oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and divided into three groups:group A(normal glucose tolerance),group B(abnormal glucose tolerance) and group C(diabetes mellitus) according to the blood glucose levels.The severity of coronary artery lesions was detemined using coronary angiography.Results:The ACS patients merger with abnormal glucose metabolism total 71.6%,about 2/3;Sugar metabolic abnormalities group of coronary angiography showed lesions was more serious,the incidence of multivessel vascular lesions was obviously higher than that of normal glucose tolerance;The incidence of multivessel vascular lesions with abnormal glucose tolerance and diabetes comparative differences between groups were statistically significant.Conclusion:Compared with those in the ACS patients with nomal glucose tolerance,coronary artery lesions in ACS patients with abnomal glucose metabolism are more severe.


Abstract : Depending on the design, synthesized-sweep SFCW generators often have phase discontinuities at certain intervals (such as 1 MHz) when sweeping over a wider band. In addition, when sweeping repetitively over a small interval (such as 100 kHz), the starting phase may not be coherent from one sweep to the next. Undesired phase discontinuities give rise to spurious spectral components and prevent application of MTI techniques. This report discusses modifications and adjustments for minimizing or avoiding phase discontinuities in SFCW exciters of the type first developed at Stanford University. The same approaches should be useful for other exciter designs as well. In addition, a novel oscilloscope display of wide applicability is described, which greatly simplifies both the measurement of phase coherence and the performance of corrective adjustments.


This study reveals about students' difficulties in English pronunciation experienced by learners whose first language is Indonesia language. The subjects of this study were the seventh grade of students at SMP Islam Terpadu Dhuafa Merangin especially class B. They were males.  The instruments of this study were task, interview and recording. In analyzing the data, the researcher used descriptively and statistically. The findings of this study showed that the students had problems in pronunciation because of their had low motivation, exposure and their attitude in learning English pronunciation. It could be seen from the result of the task when the researcher asked them to pronunce the English words and the result of interview.


This paper gives a thorough investigation on the accident of the drill pipe crack at square shoulder root of tool joint in order to know the failure cause, and one sample of cracked tool joint is taken for failure analysis.Failure analysis comprises the macro and micro analysis, the experimental analysis of chemical composition, mechanical properties and microstructure of drill pipe joint, and the analysis of load borne on drill pipe during drilling.It is reckoned that the early fatigue fracture of square shoulder root is caused by the irrationality of the size of the root and the severe stress concentration at the square shoulder root of joint.Fatigue cracks easily occur at the square elevator shoulder root of joint, because the loads borne on drill string are tension, torsion, bend, and vibration that are continuously changed in drilling.It is suggested that taper elevator shoulder be used to prevent the crack of tool joint in essential.


Benchmark experiments for the validation of secondary-gamma-ray data are conducted for iron and Type 316 stainless steel (SS316) shield assemblies bombarded by deuterium-tritium neutrons. Gamma-ray spectra and heating rates for both threshold and capture gamma rays are measured. With the present experimental data for gamma rays, a set of benchmark data for iron and SS316, including neutron energy spectra in entire energies and various dosimetry reaction rates, is completed for the first time. Secondary-gamma-ray data in JENDL-3.1, JENDL-3.2, JENDL-Fusion File, and FENDL/ E-1. 0 are tested by benchmark calculation of the experiments. As a result, larger gamma-ray-production cross sections for threshold reactions in JENDL-3. and JENDL-3.2 and an inconsistent energy balance of the (n,γ) reactions in JENDL-3.1 are found. From the viewpoint of fusion engineering, the first priority in evaluating secondary-gamma-ray data should be conserving the energy balance. A rigid energy balance in both the JENDL Fusion File and FENDL/E-1.0 is confirmed for both threshold and capture gamma rays. The JENDL Fusion File and FENDL/E-1.0 provide the highly accurate secondary-gamma-ray data for iron and SS316 needed for fusion reactor nuclear design.


While the post-9/11 event has animated how state actors frame terrorism, contemporary studies have failed to address the politics inherent in proscribing, repressing, and labeling separatist movements as terrorists. This paper explores the politics of framing terrorism using the contemporary self-determination struggles advanced by the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) and the Yoruba Nation ' s freedom frontiers. The study proposes a United Nations-coordinated global framework for regulating and evaluating states ' activities in identifying specific groups as terrorists. Taking such a stance would prevent aggrieved agitators from being persecuted by the state in the name of terror.


The invention discloses a novel carbon/carbon composite crucible. The crucible comprises a carbon/carbon composite matrix and an SiC coating and an Si3N4 coating, wherein the two coatings are coated on the matrix. With the advantages of graphite crucibles and quartz crucibles, the crucible can be used for replacing the combination units of the quartz crucibles and graphite crucibles used by monocrystalline silicon drawing furnaces at present and can reduce the cracking phenomenon of the graphite crucibles caused by different coefficients of expansion of the two kinds of crucibles. At the same time, the invention also discloses a method for preparing the crucible. The method comprises the following steps in a drawing 1: preparing a crucible preform, carrying out chemical vapor deposition and densification, carrying out resin impregnation and carbonization densification, carrying out hot isostatic pressure pitch impregnation and carbonization densification, detecting crucible product density and preparing the Si3N4 coating. As the coatings and the matrix are integrated, the novel crucible prepared by the method has the characteristics of convenience in use, reuse and long life.


Based on the principle of ecological footprint, the ecological footprint and ecological safety of Xianyang City from 1999 to 2006 were quantitatively analyzed. Results showed that the ecological footprint per capita gradually increased year by year, the ecological capacity per capita gradually decreased, the ecological deficit per capita and ecological tension continuously increased, and the social economic development was not coordinated with ecological environment, which indicate that the development of the city is not sustainable and its ecological environment is not safe. Though the ecological footprint of 10 thousands Yuan GDP had a dropping tendency, it was still greater than the averaged national level in 1999, which shows that the resource use of the city was still an resource exhausting and extensive management pattern. Finally, by considering these facts, some available ways for the sustainable development of Xianyang City were brought up.


which may be solved simultaneously for /?n+i, 0n+i in terms of hn, 0n, 6nr, pn, Mn, and Fn. Advance values of 9, p, M, and F are then found as in the uncoupled case. Since three initial values are not specified, it is necessary in this case to construct three linearly independent solutions for an arbitrarily chosen value of co. At the opposite end, application of the three remaining conditions will result in three homogeneous equations which will only be consistent if the correct value of co had been chosen.