Wastage of agricultural chemicals and ensuing environmental pollution is an issue, where ineffectivespray deposition is a major concern with conventional pesticide application methods. Electrostaticspraying is known to be one of the most effective methods to improve frontsurface deposition,backsurface deposition, overall deposition, and distribution on the plant targets. Deposition of charged sprays on front and back surfaces with and without electrostatic on apples in winter and summer season was studied in the laboratory. An airassisted electrostatic induction spray charging system was used toapply charged spray at uniform application (ground) speeds.Spray deposition is determined by using a fluorescent tracer technique. The droplet velocityand charging voltage were the key factors for obtaining desired spray deposition on apples. .A fluorescent tracer powder is used for experimental analysis.After deposition of spray on the apples the samples were observed under the spectrophotometer.After experimental run it is observed thatelectrostatically charged spray improves the deposition on back side surface of appleand overall deposition. The deposition was substantially influenced by factors such as charging voltage, application speed, plant target height, and different seasons in the atmosphere. INTRODUCTION Some problems with pesticide spraying exist in agriculture. Often as much as 80% of sprayed pesticide, which is supposed to land on the leaves of crops, acts as a pollutant in soil and water [1]. Electrostatic spraying technology offers a very favorable means to increase pesticide droplet deposition onto biological surfaces of living crops, with more than a doubling in efficiency being a reasonable goal. In this way, management by electrostatic forces offers a solution to the problem. They are thought to provide very significant economic, environmental and energy saving benefits, as well as future potential. Many toxic pesticides are dispensed to protect food crops from pests in farm fields. Greater than 90% of pesticides are commonly applied as aqueous-based sprays. When dispensed with conventional nozzles, a large portion of the spray is often lost as airborne drifts of droplets. In addition, there is a lack of deposition onto the plants due to the rapid gravitational settling of droplets beneath the soil surface. Thus, target deposition efficiencies poorer than 25% are often NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT] ISSN: 2394-3696 VOLUME 2, ISSUE 11, NOV.-2015 2 | P a g e encountered in agricultural pesticides. Electrostatic spraying technology offers a very favorable means of increasing pesticide droplet deposition onto biological surfaces of living crops. Successful development of electrostatic pesticide spraying requires a fundamental Understanding and proper engineering design in three major aspects of the overall process: (a) droplet charging; (b) airborne transport of the droplets from the charging nozzle to target; and (c) actual electrostatic deposition onto the target surface [1]. First, droplet-charging is pertinent to increase deposition efficiency on the target.]. In particular, the electrical and physical properties of an electrostatic spraying nozzle have influenced the induction charging mechanism. Wastage of agricultural chemicals and ensuing environmental pollution is an issue, where ineffective spray deposition is a major concern with conventional pesticide application methods. Electrostatic spraying is known to be one of the most effective methods to improve leaf abaxial (underside) surface deposition, overall deposition, and distribution on the plant targets. Deposition of charged sprays on leaf abaxial and adaxial(upper) surfaces as influenced by the spray charging voltage. The enormous wastage of chemicals and the ensuing environmental pollution, due to off-target deposition of conventionally applied pesticides, could be reduced by the use of charged sprays. With conventional sprays, sometimes only 20% of spray liquid reaches the targets (Hussain and Moser, 1986). Increased cost of pesticides and greater concern about environmental pollution necessitate improved efficiency of conventional pesticide spray application methods. Electrically charged sprays for agricultural application can provide greater control of droplet transport, deposition and reduction of wastage. Using electrostatic spraying, the application efficiency can be increased up to 80% with 50% less spray chemical ingredients , Electrostatic forces on small droplets are more prominent than the gravitational forces and therefore, electrostatic charging of spray droplets can provide an improved deposition with reduced drift (Robinson and Garnet, 1984; Sharp, 1984; Almekinders et al., 1992, 1993; Laryea and No, 2003). Moreover, several researchers have shown that electrostatically charged sprays improve the leaf abaxial (underside) deposition. In most parts of the world, conventional hydraulic atomizing nozzles and especially in large farms, fan nozzles on tractor booms dominate the pesticide spraying systems. Research on agricultural electrostatic spraying started primarily with electrodynamics spraying of charged small oil droplets at ultra-low volume for small farms in the tropics where the scarcity of water was the major concern (Smith, 1988). Meanwhile, a system of induction charging of water sprays from hydraulic nozzles was developed (Merchant and Green, 1982; Marchant et al., 1985; Phillips et al.,1988). Until then, electrostatic spraying of pesticides was not successfully commercialized because of the higher cost of equipment and the relatively small coverage, especially on cereals (Matthews, personal communication, 2007). The latter was due to less penetration in to the crop canopy although the charge on small droplets was effective, which increased deposition and reduced downwind drift (Allen et al., 1983; Lake and Merchant, 1984; Metz and Moser, 1988; Matthews, 2000). Subsequent research has shown that the forces exerted by air jets are needed in addition to those created by electrostatic fields to improve overall spray deposition, distribution, and canopy penetration especially at the leaf undersides (Abdelbagi and Adams, 1987; Law and Cooper, 1988; Almekinders et al., 1992, 1993; Law et al., 1992; Khdair et al., 1994). By the introduction of the air-assisted induction-charging nozzle, the problem of short circuiting in high-voltage power supply due to electrode wetting in the nozzle electrode was overcome (Law, 1978). Requirement of high-voltage power source and its associated shock hazard during the electrostatic spraying was subsequently greatly reduced by the improved designs of induction-charging spraying systems, which require less operating current and relatively low voltage (Law, 1978; Law et al., 1996). Recently, commercially viable and NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT] ISSN: 2394-3696 VOLUME 2, ISSUE 11, NOV.-2015 3 | P a g e economically feasible safe operating air assisted electrostatic induction charged spray systems are gaining interest among small and large farmers. The following fig.shows the area covered by spray with and without the electrostatic. It is seen that area covered by spray with electrostatic is more than the without electrostatic. Fig. No.1: Difference between spray deposition on a metal with and without electrostatic spray The advantages of the electrostatic spray are:Exact control of spray quality, Improved adhesion, Shortened spray and short cycle times., Energyreduction, Cost Savings Air-AssistedElectrostatic Spraying. The droplets are electrostatically attracted to plants which are essentially grounded. The science behind electrostatic spraying boils down to two basic principles of charged particles. Fig. No. 2: Spray deposition on grapes with charged droplets Like charges cause the spray to split into even inner particles that repel from one another, pushing the spray deep into the plant canopy. The opposite charges in the plant attract the particles to it, drawing the spray into the plant canopy. The surface charges eventually equal out when the plant is fully covered in spray. This is how electrostatic spraying creates an even coating on all plant surfaces. ESS offers products with air-assisted, electrostatic sprayers to serve the agricultural, sanitization and industrial markets. The sprayers can effectively apply most common chemicals, pesticides, disinfectants and additives; providing you with a better coverage than a conventional sprayer or fogger. NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT] ISSN: 2394-3696 VOLUME 2, ISSUE 11, NOV.-2015 4 | P a g e Fig. No. 3: Electrostatic spray on apple The air-assisted electrostatic sprayers produce droplets 900 times smaller than those or produced by conventional hydraulic sprayers. These tiny droplets are given an electrical charge and they are carried deep into the plant canopy in a turbulent air-stream to coat all of the plant surfaces. The "wrap around" effect causes the spray to cling to the surface rather than being blown past the target, drifting away or falling to the ground. EQUIPMENTS AND METHODS 1)Nano drop technology nozzle. A nozzle is designed in such a way that it combines the pneumatic atomization and electrostatic induction charging to provide a stream of electrostatically charged fine droplets.The nozzle having low voltage power supply of 12 to 15 volt battery, electronically raises the voltage up to 5kv to 10kv and applies this high voltage to the electrodes which are embedded in the spray nozzle. The material of the electrode used is brass. The high voltage components are inside the nozzle which is made of an electrically insulating material to minimize the danger of shock and mechanical damage.The NDT nozzle with


A simulation model of the fifth-order magnetron memristor is constructed based on the Simulink module, and the nonlinear dynamic characteristics are simulated. By analyzing the advantages in the simulation application of the SIMULINK module library, it is shown that modular modeling and visual simulation technology oriented to image objects can be provided, and the phase diagram, critical state and output time domain curve of the fifth-order magnetron memristor can be obtained clearly and accurately when the parameters are changed. Enriched the practice teaching methods of electronic information under the background of "new engineering".


One hundred and forty-two oriented cores were collected from redbeds of the Sakami Formation near LG-4 (85), Dieter (19), Cambrian (18), and Snow-ball (4) lakes, all in Quebec, and from two outliers in Labrador: Evening Lake (6) and Sims Lake (10). A further 73 oriented drill cores were collected from the strongly folded Chakonipau Formation redbeds (44) in the Labrador Trough and undeformed redbeds near Lac Imbault (29) on the western edge of the trough. Thermal demagnetization of the trough redbeds yielded 52 core directions, each of which showed good specimen end points and sufficient homogeneity of magnetization, and 101 such core directions were obtained for the outlier redbeds. In most of these samples, there are no indications that the stable remanence is multi-component, and the fold test yields (for LG-4 Sakami Formation and the Chakonipau Formation) a significant (95% probability) improvement of the dispersion parameter K. Thus, the Chakonipau Formation remanence is probably pre-Hudsonian and th...


To evaluate the prognostic significance of neoadjuvant rectal (NAR) score after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), and to develop a nomogram predicting disease‐free survival (DFS).


Magnetic fluctuations are observed in ECRH plasmas on the W7-AS stellarator which can not be identified with any known type of MHD mode. We investigate this type of fluctuation using cross correlation and Fourier methods as well as phase space analysis from dynamical systems theory. In spite of its weakly turbulent character, a spatial structure can be identified. The development of the spatial structure coincides with a decrease of the energy confinement time.


Within solid neoplasms, the population of tumor cells and the population of capillary endothelial cells constitute a highly integrated ecosystem. Tumor cells release an endothelial mitogen, Tumor-Angiogenesis-Factor (T.A.F.) which continually stimulates new capillaries to grow into the tumor. When T.A.F. is blocked, neovascularization is prevented and tumor nodules stop expanding at a diameter less than 2.5 mm. They enter a dormant phase because they are forced to live by simple diffusion of nutrients and wastes. Thus "anti-angiogenesis" can force a population of tumor cells to become dormant at a tiny diameter. In this paper an analogy is drawn between tumor angiogenesis and the angiogenesis which accompanies psoriasis. If the relationship between psoriatic epithelium and its capillary endothelium turns out to be similar to the integration of capillaries by solid tumors, then "anti-angiogenesis" may eventually become a useful therapeutic approach in psoriasis.


This research aims to analyze the characteristics of proximate and protein profile in kefir from fermented goat milk and cow milk with different concentration of kefir grains. The research design was true experimental with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of 3 repetitions. The research procedures consisted of kefir production, proximate analysis and protein profile characterization. Proximate assay result was analyzed by using LSD, whereas the protein profile was analyzed by descriptive qualitative method. Based on the analysis of kefir proximate levels, the kefir grain (5%) showed the highest proximate level of both kefirs from goat milk and cow milk. The analysis of protein profile of cow milk kefir showed 75 kDa of protein ribbon, while the goat milk kefir showed 48 kDa, 60 kDa and 75 kDa. Therefore it can be concluded that the proximate level of goat and cow milk kefir with different concentration of kefir grains showed significant differences in the nutrition content as well as its protein profiles. History Article Received July 2015 Approved August 2015 Published September 2015


Cigarette smoking is one of the main risk factors for premature human death associated to a variety of respiratory and vascular diseases, and cancer due to containing Hundreds of toxicants. Rat mitochondria were obtained by differential ultracentrifugation and incubated with different concentrations (1, 10 and 100%) of standardized cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Our results showed that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced a rise in mitochondrial ROS formation and mitochondrial membrane potential decrease before   mitochondrial swelling ensued in isolated eye and kidney mitochondria.  Disturbance in oxidative phosphorylation was also confirmed by decrease in ATP concentration in the CSE treated mitochondria. In addition, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial swelling caused release of cytochrome c via outer membrane rupture or MPTpore opening. Our results suggested that cigarette smoke induced toxicity in both external directly exposed and visceral tissues is the result of disruptive effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain that leads to ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential decline and cytochrome c expulsion which starts apoptosis signaling and cell loss.


Evaluation of Sleep Loss. Questionnaires and Rating Scales. Multiple Sleep Latency Test. Maintenance of Wakefulness Test. Psychomotor Vigilance Performance: Neurocognitive Assay Sensitive to Sleep Loss. Major Sleep Disorders. Medical Conditions and Diseases. Neonates. Inadequate Sleep in Children and Adolescents. Pregnancy and Postpartum. Epidemiologic Health Impact. Societal and Economic Impact of Sleep Loss and Sleepiness. General Occupational Implications of Round-the-Clock Operations. Impact on Self-Reported, Performance, Effort, and Motivation. Driving Performance. Commercial and Public Transportation Impact. Military Operational Effectiveness. Athletic Performance. Medical Resident/Physician Performance. Legal Implications. Stimulants. Behavioral and Environmental Countermeasures. Naps. Sleep Restriction as Therapy for Insominia. Recovery from Sleep Deprivation. Sleep Length. The Role of Endogenous Sleep-Promoting Substances. Role of Pharmacology Interventions for Sleep Deprivation. Eliminating Cumulative Sleep Debt and Sleep Satiation. A Concluding Note on Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Mechanisms.


With the teaching reform,the physics teaching in high school has changed from teaching for exam into teaching for development of students' ability.It's no pressure,such as college entrance examination,for secondary professional school.So to improve students' ability is even more important than high school.This paper explains how to put the quality-oriented education on physics into practice in secondary normal school by using of teaching methods,experiments,the history of physics and modern science technology.


Globalization, according to the Population Reference Bureau (2000) has encouraged women's participation in the market economy by creating new job opportunities. This paper presents globalization and socio-economic development of the Nigerian women. It highlights the several ways in which the concept globalization can be used, how globalization has assisted women in holding conferences where key issues affecting them were discussed and how Nigeria and some other countries of the world have implemented some of the issues discussed at the various global conferences and the effects of the implementation on the socio-economic development of the Nigerian women. The paper concludes by recommending the incorporation of global education Into the soda/ studies curriculum so that students could have the knowledge of international understanding to contribute to national development and show empathetically understanding of Nigeria's peculiar problems and background.


In my recently published The Atlantic Slave Trade and British Abolition 1760-1 81 01 and in a slightly earlier form in a contribution to Race and Slavery in the Western Hemisphere: Quantitative Studies,2 I laid out a method of gauging the profitability of the slave trade in the half century from 1761. It was argued that although there were too few good, compatible voyage accounts of slave ventures to consitute an adequate sample, the reduction of the positive evidence from frequently incomplete voyage accounts and kindred sources to a common unit (the ton, the slave or the unit of currency) enabled one to surmount the lack of compatible voyage accounts and arrive at broadly convincing estimates of profitability. The most detailed work was on the British slave trade and its conclusion was that the decennial percentage profits between 1761 and 1807 were 8.2%, 12.1%, 10.7%, 13.0% and 3.3%, respectively, that they were 9.5% overall, and that profitability in the French and Dutch slave trades was significantly lower.3 When one moves into the nineteenth century it is usually assumed that profits were much higher since a trade that was mostly unlawful would demand high rewards by way of compensation for the enhanced risk of capture. Contemporary literature on the slave trade, indeed, is replete with statements to the effect that only one slaving voyage in two, three, four, or even five needed to succeed for the slave merchant still to make a profit. Lord Howden, sometime British minister in Brazil, confidently suggested to the Lords Select Committee on the Slave Trade that 500% was a normal voyage p r ~ f i t . ~ The major problem for the researcher is the paucity of hard documentary evidence. By 'hard,' one means virtually all the kind of evidence furnished by those engaged in the slave trade, relatively abundant while the trade was legal, but which was positively concealed in the later period, when slave trading was unlawful, and which has hardly ever come to light subsequently. The most notable attempt to study the financial dimension of the nineteenth century s!ave trade has been the recent work by E. Phillip LeVeen? LeVeen's title, however-"A Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of British Suppression Policies on the Volume of the Nineteenth Century Atlantic Slave Trade"-indicates that profitability is not his central concern, although he adduces much valuable evidence on the economics of slave trading and treats it with considerable rigor. We shall attempt something different. Using among other sources, some of LeVeen's evidence, but concentrating particularly on the Parliamentary Select Committee Reports of 1847-50, we shall construct a different model for assessing profitability and, by postulating different key variables in turn, suggest average, minimum, and maximum levels of profitability. When evidence about the Brazilian slave trade is lacking we shall be forced to use evidence analogically from the Cuban trade in the same period, but the essential thrust of our enquiry will be on the Brazilian slave trade. The first version of our model has two keys: first, we shall tabulate evidence about slave voyage costs in the 1840s as estimated by a seemingly well-informed observer; and second, we shall assume the apparently predominant tactic in the trade in that period, namely, the use of a 'neutral,' companion vessel to carry the goods wherewith the slaves were purchased to Africa. By a companion vessel


Gia Lai is the second largest province in Vietnam. It is a mountainous province in the north of the Central Highlands in central Vietnam. Gia Lai province is also the largest in the Central Highlands, and it has the second most people. This paper shows how to build a web-based GIS to store, manage, analyze, and display data for effective investment promotion for investors. The new thing is mostly about automating the server-side workflow for making and publishing time series maps. On the web browser interface, users can see the results of the analysis. This lets people get to useful information without having to install GIS software.


In our research, we studied the leisure habits of students with disabilities (8-18 years, n = 289) living in the North Great Plain region using a questionnaire method. The aim of the research was to examine the leisure habits of children with disabilities in the region, their main characteristics, and their recreational attitudes. Our goal was also the gender test to see whether there was a significant difference between the sexes and how this correlated with the results of the study of leisure habits in the wild. We sought to find out what the most common leisure time activities for general and high school students with disabilities are, how does this affect genders? What is their attitude towards spending time on leisure? What are their sporting habits and sporting consumption? We have found that the recreational consumption of young people with disabilities is similar to the results of surveys carried among normal children as passive leisure time is dominant (listening to music, watching TV). In girls' leisure time, the preference for listening and reading is more dominant while watching TV, especially popular sports channels are more characteristic of boys. For leisure-time activities, staying fit, trying out new things, and community experience is crucial for young people with disabilities. Recreational sports prove to be popular, as more than 50% of both girls and boys say they are engaged in recreational sports.


The portrayal of women as 'Deviant' has an elongated history. Even the world's foremost religions and traditions dealing with spirituality often projected women as "uncontrollable." In literature woman suffering from hysteria have been an engrossing subject. Hysteria as a female condition refers to emotional excess such as fear or panic. The term comes from the Greek word 'hysterikos', which means "of the womb." It was originally seen as a neurotic condition associated with women.


An efficient method for the preparation of bis-indolylmethanes and bis-indolylglycoconjugates from carbonyl compounds with indoles in the presence of a catalytic amount of iron(iii) fluoride under solvent-free conditions is reported. The desired products were obtained in high yields with a simple and environmentally benign procedure. The use of iron(iii) fluoride is feasible because of its stability, easy handling, easy recovery, reusability, and good activity.


The present paper assays perception and concepts of risk and safety of alumni from courses of animal experimentation or animal house techniques. After thorough bibliographic search and reading of topic literature, the relevance of teaching Biosafety to health professionals is debated, mainly to those applied to animal breeding and maintenance of animal facilities. Examples of risk and preventive measures are given by the students during the course, through specific seminars. Interdisciplinary themes related to Biosafety are also pointed out , considering safety as an essential topic to assure the accomplishment of basic tasks and diagnosis or exams at the animal house. Continued education and capacity building of all professionals is absolutely needed, as well as consciousness on safety rules that may give them better working conditions and a chance to think, criticize and adopt correct safe practices . Biosafety is then placed within a scenario that deals with occupational hazards and their prevention as a tool for protection of life whatever the work performed or the work environment pertaining to it


Abstract. Motivated by an improved European Space Agency (ESA) version of calibrated Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) spectra (version 8.03), we have released version 8 of MIPAS temperatures and pointing information retrieved from 2005–2012 MIPAS measurements at 12–15 µm in the Middle Atmosphere (MA), Upper Atmosphere (UA) and Noctilucent Cloud (NLC) measurement modes. The Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research–Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IMK–IAA) retrieval processor in use considers non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) emission explicitly for each limb scan. This non-LTE treatment is essential to obtain accurate temperatures above the mid-mesosphere because at the altitudes covered, up to 115 km, the simplified climatology-based non-LTE treatment employed for the Nominal (NOM) measurements is insufficient. Other updates in MA/UA/NLC version 8 non-LTE temperature retrievals from previous data releases include more realistic atomic oxygen and carbon dioxide abundances, an updated set of spectroscopic data, an improved spectral shift retrieval, a continuum retrieval extended to altitudes up to 58 km, consideration of an altitude-dependent radiance offset retrieval, the use of wider microwindows above 85 km to capture the offset, an improved accuracy in forward model calculations, new a priori temperature information, improved temperature horizontal gradient retrievals and the use of MIPAS version 5 interfering species where available. The resulting MIPAS MA/UA/NLC IMK–IAA temperature dataset is reliable for scientific analysis in the full measurement vertical range for the MA (18–102 km) and the NLC (39–102 km) observations and from 42 to 115 km for the UA observations. The random temperature errors, dominated by the instrumental noise, are typically less than 1 K below 60 km, 1–3 K at 60–70 km, 3–5 K at 70–90 km, 6–8 K at 90–100 km, 8–12 K at 100–105 km and 12–20 K at 105–115 km. Random pointing correction errors, also mainly arising from instrumental noise, are on average 50 m for tangent altitudes up to 60 km and decrease linearly to values smaller than 20 m for altitudes above 95 km. The vertical resolution is 3 km at altitudes below 50 km, 3–5 km at 50–70 km, 4–6 km at 70–90 km, 6–10 km at 90–100 km and 8–11 km at 100–115 km. The systematic errors in retrieved temperatures below 75 km are driven by uncertainties in the CO2 spectroscopic data and, above 80 km, by uncertainties in the non-LTE model parameters (including collisional rates and atomic oxygen abundance) and the CO2 abundance. These lead to systematic temperature errors of less than 0.7 K below 55 km, 1 K at 60–80 km, 1–2 K at 80–90 km, 3 K at 95 km, 6–8 K at 100 km, 10–20 K at 105 km and 20–30 K at 115 km. Systematic errors in the tangent altitude correction, mainly arising from CO2 spectroscopic uncertainties, are 250 m at 20 km, 200 m at 40–60 km, 100 m at 80 km and smaller than 50 m above 90 km. The consistency between the MA/UA/NLC and the NOM IMK–IAA datasets is excellent below 70 km (typical 0.5–1 K differences). The comparison of this temperature dataset with co-located Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) temperature measurements shows excellent agreement, with differences typically within 1.5 K below 90 km, 1–3 K at 90–95 km, 1–5 K at 95–100 km, 1–8 K at 100–105 km and 1–10 K above. The agreement with SABER improves with respect to previous MIPAS IMK–IAA data versions.


This synthesis will be of interest to transit agency general managers, as well as to bus operations and maintenance personnel. It will also be of interest to equipment suppliers, consultants, and others concerned with bus maintenance operations. This synthesis describes current practices related to maintenance performance. The objective is to identify how maintenance performance measures drive day-to-day and strategic decisions. This report addresses traditional maintenance performance measures such as Section 15 indicators, as well as others used for decision making and those that affect customer service. These include, but are not limited to the ratio of scheduled versus unscheduled maintenance, customer marketing and employee opinion surveys, roadcalls, productive versus non-productive time, causes for delay, product defects, and induced failures. This synthesis takes a close look at how five public transit agencies and one private trucking company monitor maintenance performance.


The invention provides a control method and device for a range extender of a range extending type electric automobile. The control method for the range extender of the range extending type electric automobile includes the steps that continuous non-running time of the range extender and first real-time running information of the range extending type electric automobile are obtained; and when the continuous non-running time and the first real-time running information meet a first preset condition, the range extender is controlled to be started. By the adoption of the embodiment of the control method and device for the range extender of the range extending type electric automobile, on the premise that maintenance starting is guaranteed, the current running states of the whole automobile, a battery pack, an engine and an electric generator are considered, the proper control method and the proper maintenance starting opportunity are selected, the use ratio of energy is increased, and the driving experience of a user is enhanced.


With the continuous development of cell dynamics, Raman scattering has become more and more common in the application of cell imaging and dynamic changes in chemical substances. This research mainly discusses the plane animation simulation process of the interaction between carbon nanomaterials and cell lysosomes. Twenty parallel HeLa cells were seeded on 40 mm imaging scaffolds. The 15% bovine placental serum cell culture cells are placed in a thermostat for 12 hours at a CO2 concentration of 6%. After washing 4 times, 20 μL of the dual control system is added to the confocal dish, and cycle optimization culture is performed at 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours. It is incubated for 10 hours, 20 hours, and 30 hours (35°C, 6% CO2). Next, the HeLa cells were taken out and seeded on three 30 mm confocal cell culture dishes. CCl4 is added to the initial confocal Petri dish. After heating for 30 minutes, the nanoparticle system is added to the two confocal Petri dishes and circulated within an appropriate time. After washing with PBS, the SERS signal in the cells was imaged with a laser confocal Raman microscope, and the excitation channels were GFP 475 and Cy3 channels. LysoTrackerRed (2p μM) was used for local experiments of cell isotope. Deoxygen (2p μM) was used to induce cell death, and the pH changes in lysosomes in cells were imaged in real time with a confocal microscope. Two distinct peaks in the Raman spectrum were observed at 1246 cm−1 and 1543 cm−1. The research results show that the carbon nanomaterial synthesized by a simple method at room temperature has high stability and is suitable for analysis and detection of imaging with cells as the target.


Department for Health, University of Bath, UK 2CAMERA-Centre for the Analysis of Motion, Entertainment Research and Applications, University of Bath, UK 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain 4Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales 5KIHU Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Jyväskylä, Finland Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Abstract : The response of the Squib Mk 1 to energy supplied as a constant current (RMS) pulse at 5 mc was measured. The response was compared to the results obtained with dc constant current pulses. The results obtained were consistent with the theoretical heating-cooling model of the squib. Within experimental error the same response was obtained for both the dc and 5mc cases if the RMS value of the current was used in place of the dc current value. This result is exactly as predicted by the electrothermal equations previously developed for describing the response of wire bridge electro-explosive devices.


The first story begins in a three-bedroom Department of Housing house. Inside is a family of seven: single mother and six children aged three to 17. The house is in terrible shape, because the father, who abused alcohol and was violent, left without paying any of the DHS payments, dumping the mother with the accumulated debt. DHS will not do any repairs until the payment has been met.


The PFR-TREAT collaborative program of transient safety testing of fast reactor fuel was established in 1979 to provide mutual advantage to USDOE and the UKAEA through irradiation of US and UK full-length fuel pins in PFR, followed by safety testing in TREAT. The tests which were planned include Transient Over-Power (TOP) and Transient Under-Cooling with Over-Power (TUCOP) tests to fuel destruction and re-distribution; the results will provide significant new information on fuel and cladding behavior in hypothetical reactor faults. The information obtained in both US and UK fuel pins is to be interpreted by both partners and published jointly when mutually agreed. Thirteen tests, on fresh and irradiated fuel, in single-pin and 7-pin test sections, were completed by the end of 1983. The test matrix, which is currently being re-evaluated, calls for additional tests to be run under the present agreement. There has been an extensive program of post irradiation examination of sibling pins in both the UK and the US to characterize the test fuel prior to destructive irradiation, including testing of irradiated cladding to determine its failure characteristics.


Software aging is a chronic process that is hidden under system monitoring until a system failure occurs. Aging related failures (ARFs) are the result of a variety of complex factors. Therefore, how to precisely predict the ARFs for a running software system is a challenge problem. Previous studies typically predict ARFs by means of predicting the time to resource exhaustion (TTE), which adopts resource data as aging indicators to predict when the resource data achieve the preset threshold. However, the practical effect of prior approaches are far from satisfactory due to lack of effective aging indicators and difficult to set accurate threshold. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach, which combines model and measurements to construct a probabilistic aging indicator. The aging indicator is a multifactorial aging indicator that is more effective than traditional ones. Moreover, the hybrid approach is threshold-free in ARFs prediction. We evaluate the hybrid approach in Data caching system and Media streaming system, the results show that the hybrid approach can achieve high precision and recall for ARFs prediction. Compared to previous approaches, our approach increases the prediction precision and recall significantly.


Due to cell planning in a cellular communication network, it is difficult for a mobile user in a cell to get ranging measurements from other neighboring cells. Consequently, it is necessary to enhance signal sensitivity using long integration techniques so that the user position is obtained by trilateration. In order to maximize integration gain in coherent/noncoherent hybrid long integration, it is desirable to make SNR (signal to noise ratio) after coherent integration become as large as possible. Because SIR (signal to interference ratio) is not improved by the long integration, however, it is needed to mitigate CCI (Co-Channel Interference) so that the resultant hearability can be enhanced for weak signals. This paper presents a hybrid long integration scheme in presence of CCI. SNIR (signal to noise plus interference ratio) is employed to explain the loss induced by interference as well as noise. Together with interference cancellation and residual frequency estimation technique, design procedure of hybrid long integration is proposed to maximize SNIR. Simulation results show that hearability is greatly improved at most of cell coverage when the proposed method is used.


Vienna Festival Ballet will thrill audiences at the High Street venue on Thursday, November 7 with their production of Snow White.


Using all-dielectric metasurfaces has be the interest of the scientific community recently. This is because the conventionally used plasmonic resonator-based metasurfaces have high ohmic losses in the optical domain. On the other hand, dielectric materials have minimal losses in the optical regime. Dielectric metasurfaces are based on dielectric resonators, periodic sub-wavelength structures that exhibit electric and magnetic resonance near the operation wavelength. In this work a novel all-dielectric metasurface design is studied using Electro-optic polymers. Applying an electric potential over the electro-optic polymer can change the steering angle of the metasurface. This study is done using finite difference time domain simulation for the optical behavior of this structure. This structure is CMOS compatible contrary to plasmonic metasurfaces.


There is described a method for generating magnetic resonance image data of an examination object, comprising the steps of: - acquisition of magnetic resonance raw data in k-space, the magnetic resonance raw data comprise measurement values at a plurality of readout points (AP1, AP2, AP3, ..., APN) disposed along a plurality of different trajectories (T1, T2, ...) in the k-space are arranged, - determining an offset value (dk) for each trajectory on the basis of measured values of a crowd more of the trajectories (T1, T2, ...), - shift of read-out points of the magnetic raw data by the shift value (dk), and - reconstruction of the image data on the basis of the shifted magnetic resonance raw data. In addition, a corresponding reconstruction means (10) and a magnetic resonance imaging system (1) with such a reconstruction means (10) will be described.


Fast ignition is an epoch-making scheme for inertial fusion energy. In this scheme, the formation of high-density core plasma is one of the key issues which must be solved, because the implosion dynamics of the fast ignition target, which is non-spherical with a conical target, is quite different from that of the conventional central ignition target. Some previous works showed the possibility of formation of a high-density core. However, the effects of hydrodynamic instability were not discussed in those works. In this paper, we simulate the whole implosion dynamics of a perturbed non-spherical target, and the effect of radiation transport instability is estimated using the two-dimensional integrated implosion (radiation hydrodynamics) code PINOCO. In the result, we have found that the hydrodynamic instabily has less of an effect on the formation of high-density core plasma in the cone-guided implosion, in comparision with the spherical implosion.


The reconfigurable feedback field‐effect transistors (R‐FBFETs) with a double‐gated structure are designed and the logic and memory operations of a logic‐in‐memory (LIM) inverter comprising two R‐FBFETs are investigated. The R‐FBFETs exhibit an extremely low subthreshold swing of ≈1 mV dec−1, a high on/off current ratio of ≈107, and a long retention time of 10 s, owing to a positive feedback loop mechanism. The on‐current ratio of the p‐ to n‐channel modes is 1.03, which indicates a high degree of reconfigurability. The LIM inverter retains the output logic "1" and "0" states for over 50 s under zero‐bias conditions. The symmetric reconfigurable switching and memory operations of the R‐FBFETs enable the LIM inverter to perform logic and memory operations for a long retention time without a power supply.


OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of Yixinshu Capsule on UA,Cr and BUN in elderly patients with a history of long-term use of low dose aspirin(50 mg·d-1).METHODS:Sixty elderly patients were randomly assigned to either treatment group treated with add-on Yixinshu Capsule or conventional therapy group with 30 in each,with another 30 cases treated without aspirin serving as control group.Before study entry and at months 1,3 and 6,the outcome measures(UA,Cr and BUN) were determined.RESULTS:At month 6,serum UA level was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the conventional therapy group(P 0.05);however,no statistical differences were noted in serum Cr and serum BUN between the two groups(P 0.05).CONCLUSION:Yixinshu Capsule can attenuate the hyperuricemia in elderly patients with a history of long-term use of aspirin.


Following on from his article 'The Belarus' Intelligentsia during the German‐Fascist Occupation (1941–44)', JSMS 15/1 (March 2002), Professor Kuz'menko looks at the whole range of weapons home‐made by the Belarus partisans over a three‐year period. Based on Minsk archival and museum sources, his account is eloquent testimony to the manufacturing ingenuity of those who have to fight a foreign military occupation.


The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membrane-bound organelle with diverse, essential functions that rely on the maintenance of membrane shape and distribution within cells. ER structure and function are remodeled in response to changes in cellular demand, such as the presence of external stressors or the onset of cell differentiation, but mechanisms controlling ER remodeling during cell differentiation are not well understood. Here, we describe a series of developmentally regulated changes in ER morphology and composition during budding yeast meiosis, a conserved differentiation program that gives rise to gametes. During meiosis, the cortical ER undergoes fragmentation before collapsing away from the plasma membrane at anaphase II. This programmed collapse depends on the meiotic transcription factor Ndt80, conserved ER membrane structuring proteins Lnp1 and reticulons, and the actin cytoskeleton. A subset of ER is retained at the mother cell plasma membrane and excluded from gamete cells via the action of ER-plasma membrane tethering proteins. ER remodeling is coupled to ER degradation by selective autophagy, which is regulated by the developmentally timed expression of the autophagy receptor Atg40. Autophagy relies on ER collapse, as artificially targeting ER proteins to the cortically retained ER pool prevents their degradation. Thus, developmentally programmed changes in ER morphology determine the selective degradation or inheritance of ER subdomains by gametes.


K. Nowacki, T. Lis, H. Kania Silesian University of Technology, Department of Production Engineering, Katowice, Poland The main purpose of waste management should be reclamation of valuable raw materials and, consequently, protection of natural environment by reducing consumption of deposits and energy. The metallurgical industry generates considerable quantities of waste containing iron. This article addresses environment-friendly solutions for utilisation of such waste in the form of slime, sludge and dust. What has been discussed is the impact of the technologies proposed on natural environment.


This paper illustrates the use of diesel electricity generator set and Dispatch Controller to adapt the number of running engines to a given electrical load that is partly met by wind turbines. Control coordination among the system components is established with a view to regulate the system voltage and frequency while extracting maximum power from wind. This paper utilized the bond graph approach in the modelling of such a wind/diesel hybrid power system for a stand-alone unit in a remote location. This design allows for the addition of wind energy inputs in conjunction with the diesel generators for fuel saving.


The article examines the use of franchising as an effective tool for development of service industries. The author briefly reviews the characteristics of the business organization in several service industries based on franchising.


Abstract In this work, we propose and analyze an adaptive finite element method for a steady-state diffusion equation with a nonlinear boundary condition arising in cathodic protection. Under a general assumption on the marking strategy, we show that the algorithm generates a sequence of discrete solutions that converges strongly to the exact solution in H 1  ( Ω ) ${H^{1}(\Omega)}$ and the sequence of error estimators has a vanishing limit. Numerical results show clearly the convergence and efficiency of the adaptive algorithm.


Ever since the Wednesbury decision in 1947, United Kingdom public law has been applying the concepts of 'rationality' and 'reasonableness' indistinguishably. Rationality has also been used as a 'mega-ground of judicial review', covering many other, distinct grounds of review. The main purpose of this article is to promote conceptual clarity in UK public law by highlighting the overlooked differences between reasonableness and rationality, indicating the nature of rationality as a distinct ground of judicial review and explaining why it should not be used as a mega-ground of review. It is argued that (i) reasonableness is in its essence a balancing and weighing test; (ii) the most accurate way of understanding rationality review in public law is to perceive it as 'instrumental rationality' or as a 'suitability test' which reviews the logical and causal connection between means and end; (iii) this 'instrumental' perception of rationality is already applied in UK public law as part of the proportionality test; (iv) rationality, unlike reasonableness, is not a weighing and balancing test; thus it is wrong to use the concepts of 'reasonableness review' and 'rationality review' indistinguishably; and (v) it is conceptually wrong and confusing to use rationality as a 'mega-ground of review'.


T-wave inversion, in leads localized to a small segment of the precordium, has in rare instances been described as a normal variant. The present report concerns a number of individuals in whom more or less similar T-wave changes developed under circumstances suggesting myocardial ischemia, and who went on to develop acute infarction of the anterior wall of the heart. This may be a clinical analogue of the brief T-wave inversion which has been observed early in experimental coronary artery compression.


Background and Aims: Effective use of sedative-hypnotic and analgesic agents is an integral part of providing patient comfort and safety for patients during general anaesthesia. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of premedication with dexmedetomidine on perioperative haemodynamic and dose requirement of propofol and fentanyl during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Methods: 100 patients belonging to ASA class I and ASA class II of either sex, in the age group of 2055years were divided into two groups, Group 1 and Group 2 with 50 patients in each group. Group 1 received 100ml of Normal saline over a period of 10 minutes and 1μg/kg of fentanyl 3 minutes before induction of general anaesthesia. Group 2 received 1μg/kg of dexmedetomidine in 100 ml of normal saline over a period of 10 minutes and 1μg/kg of fentanyl 3 minutes before induction of general anaesthesia. Results: The demographic profile was comparable. The pressor response to laryngoscopy, intubation, surgery and extubation were effectively decreased by dexmedetomidine, and were highly significant on comparison (P<0.001). The mean dose of fentanyl and propofol were also decreased significantly by the administration of dexmedetomidine. The total dose requirement of fentanyl and propofol was decreased by 33.58% and 43.01% in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine is an effective drug when used as an adjunct to general anaesthesia for attenuation of pressor response. It not only decreased the magnitude of stress response to intubation, surgery and extubation but also decreased the dose of propofol and opioids in achieving adequate anaesthesia and analgesia respectively.


This is the third of four articles on inclusion. The articles are structured around the themes and principles underpinning the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS), 2007 (see table).


In the present work we provide a characterization of the ground states of a higher-dimensional quadratic-quartic model of the nonlinear Schrödinger class with a combination of a focusing biharmonic operator with either an isotropic or an anisotropic defocusing Laplacian operator (at the linear level) and power-law nonlinearity. Examining principally the prototypical example of dimension d = 2, we find that instability arises beyond a certain threshold coefficient of the Laplacian between the cubic and quintic cases, while all solutions are stable for powers below the cubic. Above the quintic, and up to a critical nonlinearity exponent p, there exists a progressively narrowing range of stable frequencies. Finally, above the critical p all solutions are unstable. The picture is rather similar in the anisotropic case, with the difference that even before the cubic case, the numerical computations suggest an interval of unstable frequencies. Our analysis generalizes the relevant observations for arbitrary combinations of Laplacian prefactor b and nonlinearity power p.


In recent years, the rapid growth of vehicles have increased traffic crashes. Since they can cause the economic losses and have put the life qualify in danger, there should be numerous efforts to reduce traffic crashes. To reduce traffic crashes, this research seeks to improve the safety of intersections by analysing causations of injury severity with Ordered Probability Model. This research applied the Ordered Probit Model, which assumes that (random error) is normally distributed, for model calibration and used (likelihood ratio) and (Chi-square) for model selection. The results show that minor road traffic, heavy vehicle rates, major and minor right-turn rates, presence of lightings, speed limits, instructive line for left-turn traffic are significant factors affecting crash severities at signalized intersections.


Two forms of small-scale forestry are developing in Australia, each with different impacts on rural communities. One is based on growing short-rotation Eucalyptus globulus (blue gum) for pulp and the other on production of higher-value products from longer-rotation native hard-woods. Several impediments exist to further development of small-scale forestry, including the lack of a small-scale forestry culture, concerns over harvest rights, lack of market development, the long wait for returns, and satisfaction with current land uses. Nevertheless, the rapid increase in farm woodlot establishment in the past five years has paralleled the strong increase in the private industrial plantation estate. As markets develop and hindrances are overcome, landholders not previously interested in small-scale forestry may consider ita worthwhile land use.


This paper analyzes the determinants of the probability of US citizens being victims of terrorist attacks in European countries, taking into account uncontrolled heterogeneity of the data. The analysis employs ITERATE data from February 1968 to December 2002 to ascertain significant characteristics that influence the probability (e.g. location, type of casualties, type of attack, and type of terrorists). To deal with the unobserved heterogeneity a random‐parameter logit model (mixed logit) is used. Some policy implications are presented.


The state of the immune system of patients with febrile form of tick-borne encephalitis in the acute phase of illness was studied. It was established that the parameters of cellular, humoral immunity and cytokine profile in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients were differed. Unvaccinated patients revealed dysfunction of T cell immunity against severe activation of the complement system and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, which corresponds to general immunological laws of the acute period of infection. In vaccinated patients the activation of humoral immunity and a balanced production of proand anti-inflammatory cytokines is compensated for dysfunction of T cells.


Policy ethnography approaches provide useful qualitative data that give a nuanced and realistic ground-level view of policies too often analyzed abstractly from the top. However, the scope of these approaches must not be limited to producing more precise information. Fieldwork on the control of welfare recipients in France shows that ethnography, and more specifically direct observation, is particularly suited to uncovering the structural features of the new wave of public policies sweeping through advanced societies in the wake of the demise of the Fordist–Keynesian compact. Among other consequences, the 'de-objectivation' of the collective categories created during the process of welfare state development leads to more stringent and intense controls of recipients. These controls are based on loose criteria defined in situated practices and interactions. The ethnographic capture and analysis of the concrete practices of agents of welfare bureaucracies enable us to track and critique the more abstract transformations of the social state in the age of 'workfare.' Such fieldwork provides an illustration of the empirical and theoretical potentials of critical policy ethnography.


Leptin is a 16-kDa protein encoded by ob gene and secreted from adipoc ytes, and is thought to be a metabolic signal that regulates food intake, energy expenditure and balance and reproductive function in human and animals. It has potential application in drug therapies for human obesity and improvement of pro ductive efficiency and carcass composition in animals. This paper mainly deals w ith the cloning, transcription and expression regulation of leptin gene, leptin receptors and its signal transduction. [


Traditional character recognition systems use a single classifier to determine the true class of a given character: However: by using classifiers of diferent types simultaneously. classification accuraq could be improved. In this pape,: we propose a ne+ approach based on majority vote and statistics to support a com- bined decision among multiple classifiers. First, we$nd the sirengths and weaknesses of all classifiers through the analysis among test characters, templates and classifiers. Then we devise a combination method that can improve classifcation performance. Erperimental re- sults show the effectiveness of our approach.


This poster will provide participants with the opportunity to learn about the Activity Card Sort – United Kingdom version (ACS-UK) and consider its potential for their practice and/or research. The Activity Card Sort (ACS Baum and Edwards, 2008) is a well-established self-report outcome measure designed to identify changes in older adults' participation in instrumental, leisure and social activities. Each ACS test item comprises a photographed activity card with an activity description underneath. The ACS has greater utility when activities and photograph cards are culturally specific (Eriksson et al., 2011). A United Kingdom version of the ACS (ACS-UK) has been developed and has established content validity (Laver-Fawcett and Mallinson, 2013), clinical utility and face validity (Laver-Fawcett et al, 2016). A study examining test-rest and inter-rater reliability indicated that the ACS-UK has good levels of reliability. Reliability data was obtained for two samples, each comprising 17 people (N = 34). The intraclass correlation coefficients for the ACS-UK Global Retained Activity Scores (GRAS) for inter-rater reliability was 0.86 and for test-retest reliability was 0.83. The ACS-UK covers four domains: instrumental activities; low demand leisure activities; high demand leisure activities; and social – cultural activities. It has three formats (institutional, recovering and community living versions) which use the same 93 activity cards but involve sorting these into different participation categories. This choice of versions enables the ACS to be applied across hospital, community and long-term care settings. For example, the community living version uses the categories: never done; not done in the past year (optional); do now; do more; do less; and given up. Scores are calculated for current activity, previous activity and activities retained. The ACS can inform a client-centred intervention plan based on the participant's activity preferences and participation levels (Katz et al., 2003).

References:
Baum CM and Edwards DF (2008) Activity Card Sort (ACS): Test manual. 2nd ed. Bethesda: AOTA Press

Eriksson G, Chung J, Beng L, Hartman-Maeir A, Yoo E, Orellano E, Van Nes F, DeJonge D and Baum C (2011) Occupations of older adults: A cross cultural description. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 31(4): 182-92.

Laver-Fawcett, A., Brain, L., Brodie, C., Cardy, L., Manaton, L. (2016). The Face Validity and Clinical Utility of the Activity Card Sort – United Kingdom (ACS-UK). British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 79(8) 492–504.

Laver-Fawcett AJ and Mallinson SH (2013) Development of the Activity Card Sort - United Kingdom version (ACS-UK). OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 33(3): 134-145.


Pre eclampsia is a unique disorder found only in pregnancy period. Since long ago pre eclampsia has been described as a disease characterized by classic trias symptoms, namely hypertension, proteinuria and edema in pregnant women. However, this preeclampsia is actually a manifestation of various clinical signs and symptoms that accompany microvascular changes in various organs of a pregnant woman. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between gravida status and pre-ecalmpsia. This research is a descriptive study with a case control approach. The data used in the form of primary data, data collection using a questionnaire. The population in this study were all pregnant women in Banyumas district. The sample in this study was purposed sampling with 30 respondents with pre-eclampsia as the case and 30 respondents with normal pregnancy as controls. Data analysis using the chi square test. The results of the study Most of the respondents were multigravida (75%) and there was no relationship between gravida status and the prevalence of ρ = 0.371 Keywords: gravida status, pre eclampsia


The following article gives recommendations on the interpretation and implementation of HACCP based principles in food businesses, taking into consideration the guidelines published by the European Commission - "Guidance document on the implementation of procedures based on the HACCP principles and on the facilitation of the implementation of the HACCP principles in certain food businesses" of 16 November 2005. A suggestion for a risk based model for the implementation of HACCP principles in different sectors of the food industry is presented.


Shawn is a discrete event simulator for sensor networks. Due to its high customizability, it is extremely fast but can be tuned to any accuracy that is required by the simulation or application.


The article examines the concept of a frame as a cognitive unit, represents the frame structure modelled on the basis of dictionary definitions. Obligatory and optional elements of the frame reflect human views of a part and a whole.


The purpose of this paper is to consider how libraries support the development of community networks both physically and digitally. To do this, a case-study methodology was employed, including a combination of data about the library and qualitative interviews with library users considering their experience of the library. This paper proposes that libraries act as 'third places' spatially connecting people; libraries also build links with online media and play a critical role in inclusively connecting non-technology users with the information on the Internet and digital technology more generally. The paper establishes the value of libraries in the digital age and recommends that libraries actively seek ways to develop links between non-technology users and activity on the Internet. It addresses the need to reach these types of non-technology users in different ways. Further, it suggests that libraries utilise their positioning as third places to create broader community networks, to support local communities beyond existing users and beyond the library precinct.


Abstract In this paper, uncertainties and failure criteria of structure are mathematically expressed by random variables and a limit state equation. A limit state equation is approximated by Fleishman's 3rd order polynomials and the theoretical moments of an approximated limit state equation are calculated. Fleishman introduced a 3rd order polynomial in terms of only standard normal distiribution random variables. But, in this paper, Fleishman's polynomial is extended to various random variables including beta, gamma, uniform distributions. Cumulants and a normalized limit state equation are used to calculate a theoretical moments of a limit state equation. A cumulative distribution function of a normalized limit state equation is approximated by a Pearson system. Keywords :reliability analysis, pearson system, moments, cumulants † Corresponding author: Tel: +82-42-860-2282; E-mail: email@example.com January 21 2013; Revised June 11 2013;Accepted June 12 2013Ⓒ2013 by Computational Structural Engineering Institute of KoreaThis is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License(http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


, ferric carboxymaltose, soluble guanylate cyclase activators, and cardiac myosin activators. In patients hospitalized with COVID-19, acute HF and myocardial injury is quite frequent, whereas myocarditis and long-term damage to the heart are rather uncommon.


Background: Kenya continues to experience a growing gap of health workers at all levels of service provision within its health infrastructure. As a consequence, this gap is a big impediment in her quest to achieve the health objectives and the global Sustainable development goals. This study examines factors influencing retention of health workers in primary health care facilities. Methods: A cross sectional study design using semi structured questionnaire tools involving 85 healthcare workers of different cadres at government rural health facilities was used in the County. Descriptive data analysis was used to profile the characteristics of the respondents; while Chi square tests were used to determine the differences between respondents who had stayed at their working station for at least two years. Multinomial Logistic Regression was used to analyse each factor that was considered significant in determining whether healthcare personnel stayed or left. Results: Age, duration of working, and ability to balance work and personal life, fair evaluation, supervisor's competence, manageable work load and availability of equipment and logistics were statistically associated with whether healthcare workers would leave or continued staying at their current work stations. Conclusion: The results show that financial incentives are not the only factors in retention of health workers. The above factors need to be addressed in retention strategies for the retention of health workers at primary health facilities.


In the conducted research, I was interested in the assessment of selected aspects of distance learning by parents of pupils in grades 1–3 of primary schools, on which I focused my attention in the undertaken research. Their aim was to diagnose the needs and expectations of parents regarding distance learning in the future, based on their experiences during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted with the use of qualitative interviews conducted on 157 people, and supplemented by the analysis of the "Librus" distance learning reports. They showed that parents did not question the purposefulness of introducing distance learning model, but were critical of the forms of its administration, especially when lessons were not conducted online. Parents were very reluctant to send tasks to students via the Electronic Journal by teachers and the requirement to fill them in and send them back for evaluation. The teacher's involvement in conducting online lessons, while activating students, was assessed positively. In the case of such young children, parents were disturbed by the lack of care in day-care centres, the closure of schools and the need to educate children at home.


The 1931 Yangtze River Flood in eastern China, which had an associated death toll of over 2 million, is regarded as one of the world's deadliest natural disasters on record. However, due to the lack of meteorological data before the 1950s, the causes of this event are rarely investigated. Here, we combine multiple lines of evidence from recently available historical observations, reanalysis datasets, and atmospheric general circulation model simulations driven by historical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) that cover the early 20th century to reveal the physical mechanisms underlying this flood. We find that the flooding in 1931 along the Yangtze River valley was dominated by July rainfall. Although the rainfall totals in July of 1931 were not the largest in history (ranking second over the past century), the totals exceeded those for many other pluvial years between 1951 and 2010 in terms of its persistence, which was associated with a steady western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). The flooding resulted from the combined effects of tropical El Niño-related SST forcing and extratropical wave activities over the Eurasian continent. On the one hand, warm SST anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean following an El Niño event lead to the southwestward extension of the WPSH. On the other hand, the southward shift of the westerly jet due to extratropical wave activities prevents the normal northward movement of the WPSH typical in July. Additionally, the impact that the preceding springtime precipitation and soil moisture had on the summer flood of 1931 is also discussed.


As the elderly population gradually increases, the risk of fatal fall accidents among the elderly is increasing. One way to cope with a fall accident is to determine the fall direction before impact using a wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU). In this context, a previous study proposed a method of classifying fall directions using a support vector machine with sensor velocity, acceleration, and tilt angle as input parameters. However, in this method, the IMU signals are processed through several processes, including a Kalman filter and the integration of acceleration, which involves a large amount of com-putation and error factors. Therefore, this paper proposes a machine learning-based method that classifies the fall direction before impact using IMU raw signals rather than processed data. In this study, we investigated the effects of the following two factors on the classification performance: (1) the usage of processed/raw signals and (2) the selection of machine learning techniques. First, as a result of comparing the processed/raw signals, the difference in sensitivities between the two meth-ods was within 5%, indicating an equivalent level of classification performance. Second, as a result of comparing six machine learning techniques, K-nearest neighbor and naive Bayes exhibited excellent performance with a sensitivity of 86.0% and 84.1%, respectively.


Objective
To observe the changes in circadian rhythm of blood pressure in senile dementia patients with normal blood pressure.

Methods
A case-control method was used to select 49 cases of normotensive senile dementia(male: 30 cases, female: 19 cases)and 45 healthy elderly(male: 28 cases, female: 17 cases)in the Geriatric Department of the Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou and the General Internal Medicine of the Red Society Hospital of Hangzhou from January 2015 to April 2017.Resting systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure; 24-hour mean systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure; daytime mean systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure; nocturnal mean systolic blood pressure and mean diastolic blood pressure were compared between the two groups.

Results
In the case group, 35 cases(71.4%)blood pressure were non dipper type, 14 cases(28.6%)were dipper type, in the control group 9 cases(20.0%)were non dipper type, 36 cases(80.0%)were dipper type, and the difference between two groups were statistically significant(χ@@2=24.92, P 0.05).

Conclusions
Circadian blood pressure rhythm in normotensive elderly patients with senile dementia is different from that in healthy elderly, which may be related to the increase of nighttime systolic blood pressure.

Key words:
Senile dementia; Blood pressure; Circadian rhythm


Having as background the debate about the relationship between the use of natural resources, economy and sustainability, the objective of this paper is to discuss the place for extraction in the context of development considering the different perspectives of this activity in the Brazilian Amazon. Based on literature review and secondary data it is contextualized that historically the development strategies designed to Brazil's Amazon region are guided in extractive activities promoted by the holders of political and economical power and promoted by the state. Currently, it recurs in academic discourses and government spokesmen, social movements and companies, the need to rethink the use of natural resources, adding value to extractive products and enhancing


Use of information technologywithinanorganizationrequiresgood governance. Being a good IT governance can be seen from how the operation of the IT services running in the organization. Analysis of the process of IT services can help an organization assess the quality of IT services based on the standards of good governance. Research conducted using descriptive and quantitative analysis method guided by ITIL framework version 3 service operation with 5 sub-domains that describe the achievement of service quality by measuring the level of service of process maturity. Through analysis intended for Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil(DISDUKCAPIL) Salatiga in mind that some services activity has been identified but not yet complete documentation. Also the lack of concern related to the assessment of user satisfaction and handling service requests.


Networked control systems are one type of distributed real-time control systems where sensors, actuator and controllers are interconnected by communication networks. The insertion of the communication network makes the analysis and design of a networked control system complex. So the performance of the control loops not only depends on the design of the control algorithms, but also on the scheduling of the shared network resource. A co-design method based on the integrated Earliest Deadline First (EDF) scheduling algorithm and the Integral of the Absolute Error (IAE) is proposed in order that the communication medium is more efficiently used and control performance is improved. The presented method can adjust the sampling period, handle three types of message and guarantees real-time transmission of periodic and aperiodic message, and non-real time message. The simulation results show that the proposed co-design method is available and improve the system resources efficiency.


Software sensors (or observers) are especially useful when the state vector of a system cannot be measured. Widely employed for bioprocesses, they estimate the state variables from available measurements, which are functions of one or several state variables, provided that the observability property is checked. In food defrosting, an important challenge is to know the spread of the melting front inside the product, without any invasive measurement. The solution proposed in this paper is based on the design of software sensors able to estimate, from a superficial temperature measurement, the temperature distribution in the product, in real time, and consequently making it possible to determine the melting zone. The proposed solutions are, first, an extended Kalman Filter and, second, switched reduced Luenberger observers. The results are illustrated during the experimental thawing of a block of tylose in forced convection. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006


Data integration is one of the important subfields in data management. It allows users to access the same data from multiple sources without redundancy and preserving its integrity. Data Integration Governance Framework (DIGF) is being developed to guide the implementation of data integration. It functions as a reference and guideline for working level in data integration implementation. Hence the instrument used to validate the DIGF needs to be developed and validated for its accuracy, applicability, and suitability of use. The instrument comprises items structured as a questionnaire. This study proposes Lawshe's technique to construe the content validity of the instrument. This technique involved the arithmetic of the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) to validate items in the questionnaire, which developed based on the factors identified for Data Integration Governance Framework. Each item in the questionnaire that validated based on the minimum CVR value of 0.75 endorsed as the final instrument of Data Integration Governance Framework to be used in Delphi Technique Evaluation. Keywords—Content validity; instrument development; data integration governance; Lawshe's technique


Based on the fluctuation analysis of iron ore freight rate,the paper developed a combined model composed of ARMA model and GM(1,1) model to forecast the freight rate by the multi-step.Firstly,the paper utilized the training data to calibrate the ARMA model and the GM(1,1) model,then the test data was used and the quadratic programming model was constructed to analyze the weights of both models.Empirical analysis shows that the combined forecasting model has higher prediction accuracy,which can provide support for the shipping companies and steel enterprises engaged in the transportation of iron ore to grasp the market trends and choose the strategies of investment and operations smartly.


In this paper, a disturbance observer based control algorithm is proposed for industrial robots having flexible joints. The joint flexibility of the robot is modeled as a two mass system. We study on the practical issues for implementing disturbance observer based control scheme in flexible joint robots. For industrial robots, generally the sensors are located on the motor side. If we construct disturbance observer using motor side dynamics, due to the zero dynamics, disturbance observer cannot directly reject the disturbance at the link side. To solve this problem, we propose a dual observer that estimates disturbance and states simultaneously. Using the proposed dual observer, we construct full state feedback controller. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme for disturbance rejection and robustness is demonstrated by numerical simulation and experiment using HILS (Hardware In the Loop Simulation) system.


Mixing different gelators together is a means of preparing gels with interesting and useful properties. However, understanding what happens when two different gelators (both of which gel alone) is difficult. Here, we aim to characterise what happens when two gelators are mixed before gelation and what effect this has on the properties of the final gels.


Improving the attack resistance of the modulation classification model is an important means to improve the security of the physical layer of the Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, a binary modulation classification defense network (BMCDN) was proposed, which has the advantages of small model scale and strong immunity to white box gradient attacks. Specifically, an end-to-end modulation signal recognition network that directly recognizes the form of the signal sequence is constructed, and its parameters are quantized to 1 bit to obtain the advantages of low memory usage and fast calculation speed. The gradient of the quantized parameter is directly transferred to the original parameter to realize the gradient concealment and achieve the effect of effectively defending against the white box gradient attack. Experimental results show that BMCDN obtains significant immune performance against white box gradient attacks while achieving a scale reduction of 6 times.


J n the previous meeting, the present authors pro!)os4 :i new design concept for Lighter-Than-Air stations for observation and communication missions. I t is a semibuoyant station in the shape of a torus and some part of the lift force is provided by u thruster located in its central holr!. The main concerns in this time are the aerodynamic characteristics of the shape. Numerical calculations were carried out for a conceptual prototype model of U r n in diameter in a uniform flow Urn =lOm/s. The turbulent flow field around the present model was solved and the flow patterns and pressure distributions around the hull were obt.ained. The calculated results showed that the aerodynamic characteristics can he controlled well by auxiliary thrusters or by some flow direction changers so that the proposed semibuoyant station seems to be realistic.


Introduction Ideal bone cements should be non-toxic, osteoconductive, osteointegrative, have suitable mechanical properties and porosity, and should be easy to apply in an operating room setting. Recently low temperature setting calcium phosphate cements have received a great deal of attention as bone substitutes due to their structural and compositional similarity to the mineral component of bone. Our laboratories have developed novel physiological temperature setting composite bone cements that have superior mechanical and osteogenic characteristics. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo response of two novel polyphosphazene-calcium deficient hydroxyapatite composites after implantation in rabbit tibial defect. Materials & Methods Synthesis of Polyphosphazene–Calcium Deficient Hydroxyapatite Precursors: The polyphosphazene used in this study was poly[bis(ethyl alanine)phosphazene] (PNEA). The hydroxyapatite precursors used were tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate. The composite precursors were prepared by an emulsion technique. Two calcium deficient hydroxyapatite-polyphosphazene composites with different Ca/P ratios (PNEA-CDHA – Ca/P: 1.5; PNEA-CDSHA – Ca/P: 1.6) were synthesized from the precursors. Tibial Defect Model and Cement Injection: All procedures were approved by the Institutional, Animal Care and Use Committee. Thirty four healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three different groups with 6 rabbits per groups per time point that received the composite bone cements and 5 rabbit per group per time point for the control. An incision of 10mm was made to expose the proximal and medial tibia. A 5mm unicortical defect was made by drilling burr (Synthes, USA) just medial to the tibia tuberosity. The cement paste was sterilely prepared (0.5g composite in 0.5% phosphoric acid) and was injected into the defect site using a 1ml syringe (Becton Dickinson, USA). The muscle and skin were closed and the same procedure was repeated on the contralateral limb. At predetermined time points (4 and 8 weeks) all animals were sacrificed and the limbs were excised for further analysis. Histology: The tibia from the rabbits were excised immediately after sacrifice and placed in methanol (Fisher Scientific, USA) for 24 hours at 4°C and afterwards stored at room temperature for 1 week. The limbs were embedded in glycol methyl acrylate (PolySciences, USA) for 3 weeks (n=3). The blocks were polymerized and sectioned 100μm inside the implant to obtain 5μm thick sections using a microtome and mounted on glass slides. The samples were stained with silver nitrate to demonstrate calcified bone (Von Kossa stain) followed by a hematoxylin and eosin counterstain. Micro CT: Tibial segments were scanned at 25 μm voxel resolution using a cone beam μCT system (GE Healthcare BioSciences, London, Ontario) to assess micro-densitometry. To analyze differences in local mineralization, a color map was applied to a representative slice for each specimen (Alpha-Blend Plug-in, GEMS Microview Version 1.1.8). The lower and upper limits for this color map were standardized across all samples to encompass the entire range of gray scale values. Push Out Test: The soft tissue, bone marrow and the periosteum were removed before the mechanical testing. The diaphysis region was sectioned longitudinally along the long axis of the tibia. The samples were mounted onto a fixture and the implants were pushed out of the bone using a Uniaxial mechanical testing machine (Instron, MA). Results & Discussion Fig. 1A, and B show the calcified bone formed on the surface of PNEA-CDHA and PNEA-CDSHA respectively after 4 weeks of implantation. Osteoblast cells were found along the periphery of the new bone that was formed. Figs 2A, and B shows the deposition of osteoids by the osteoblast cells on the two matrices at the end of 4 weeks. At 8 weeks, the contact between the bone and the implant was difficult to identify since new bone had started to form from the sides of the defect into the implant. The PNEA-CDHA group after 8 weeks demonstrated the formation of bone and, cellular infiltration predominantly of osteoblast and few osteoclasts were observed.


The invention then relates to a method for removing chloride from volatile organic carbon-containing samples, said sample a, chloride-containing mixed with a sparingly volatile acid, hydrogen chloride gas is produced, which is present in the sample-acid mixture (5) in dissolved form and the hydrogen chloride gas is blown by a carrier gas from the sample-acid mixture (5), wherein the hydrogen chloride gas is removed after the blowing of the carrier gas and the carrier gas again to the sample-acid mixture (5) is supplied. In order to suppress largely the expulsion of volatile organic compounds during the hydrogen chloride-blowing, has the sample-acid mixture (5) to a temperature of approximately 3 ° C to 30 ° C, wherein the hydrogen chloride gas after blowing out of the trial acid mixture (5) is removed from the carrier gas by absorption with water.


Genetic relationships among local Citrus accessions on the Amami islands, Japan, were evaluated using isozyme, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) analyses. Four loci were detected for three enzymes examined in isozyme analysis. Four and three kinds of genotypes were detected in glutamate oxaloacetate transminase (GOT)-1 and GOT-2, respectively. At least six genotypes were observed in peroxidase (PX). All accessions showed the same genotype except for one accession of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-3. In general, accessions that belong to the same species or type showed identical genotypes; however, some diversity of genotypes was observed within the same species and type. On the basis of the RAPD data, genetic relationships were assessed using NJ cluster analysis. From this result, accessions could be classified into three major clusters, A, B, and C. Cluster A included C. nobilis (Kunenbo), C. keraji ('Keraji-Kikaijima' and Kabuchii), C. oto (Oto), 'Keraji-Kakeromajima', and 'Oto-Okinoerabujima'. Cluster B included only control accessions. Cluster C could be divided into four subclusters as follows: subcluster C. depressa (Shiikuwasha), some Sour orange relatives such as 'Fusuu' and 'Kusa', 'Kikaimikan-Okinoerabujima', and 'Shimamikan'. Accessions were classified into three types in cpDNA analysis. Type I included C. nobilis (Kunenbo), C. keraji ('Keraji-Kikaijima' and Kabuchii), C. oto (Oto), 'Keraji-Kakeromajima', 'Oto-Okinoerabujima', and C. rokugatsu. Type II was composed of C. depressa (Shiikuwasha), 'Kikaimikan-Okinoerabujima', 'Kusa', and 'Shiikuu'. Type III consisted of only 'Shimamikan'. All mandarin accessions that were determined to belong to cluster A in RAPD analysis were included in type I of cpDNA analysis. Meanwhile, mandarins in types II and III in cpDNA analysis consisted of accessions in cluster C of RAPD analysis.


Slavoj Žižek's Refugees, Terror and Other Troubles with the Neighbors-Against the Double Blackmail is yet another book demonstrating Žižek's ability to seize on major contemporary social phenomena and to bring to bear on a topic, with provocative results, his unusual combination of traits. He is very much a European educated by study and travel into an especially vivid awareness of the connections of Western Europe (and the UK), with Central and Eastern Europe (including his native Slovenia), and much of North America. He has an expansive sense of being European that includes a sense of special kinship with historical and contemporary cultural extensions of Western Europe. He has as well more distant but genuine sympathies with the oppressed in non-European-centered cultures.


OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the value of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy for cerebral arteriovenous malformation(AVM).METHODS:Forty-two patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformation confirmed by DSA or MR combined MRA were studied.The nidus volumes was from 1.2 cm3 to 48.6 cm3,mean 6.4 cm3.The nidus volumes were smaller than 5.0 cm3 in 23 cases.The range of nidus volume in size was from 5.0 cm3 to 10.0 cm3 in 15 cases.They were larger than 10.0 cm3 in 4 cases.The TDF was 60-70 Gy/20-24 f(20-24 d).The follow-up time was the first year,the second year and the third year after therapy respectively for all patients.RESULTS:After radiotherapy,the 1,2,3 year complete obliteration rates of their AVMs which the nidus volume was smaller than 5 cm3 were 73.9%(17/23),82.6%(19/23)and 95.0%(22/23)respectively,the 1,2,3 year complete obliteration rates of the volume from 5-10 cm3 were 66.6%(10/15),80.0%(13/15),86.9%(13/15)respectively and the 1,2,3 year complete obliteration rates of the volume biger than 10 cm3 were 50.0%(2/4),50.0%(2/4),75.0%(3/4)respectively.Epilepsy was eliminated in 18(64.3%).The symptom was alleviative in 8(28.6%).There was not catabatic in 2 cases(7.1%).Cerebral edema irradiated occurred in 2 cases.CONCLUSION:Three dimensional conformal radiotherapy is one of the effective therapies for cerebral AVM.Three dimensional conformal radiotherapy may be an important alternative to other therapy in patients with large AVM.


Finding optimal location for service facilities for a spatially distributed demand is important in the field of location planning. To address this problem, numerous location models have been suggested. These include the P-median model (Hakimi, 1964), Maximal Covering Location Problem (Church and ReVelle, 1974) and Set Covering Models (Torges et al, 1971).Example application includes:optimization of mobile health facilities such as blood banks (e.g. Jacobs et al., 1996; Eaton et al.,1986; Price and Turcotte, 1986); finding suitable locations for emergency service systems such as fire stations (Schreuder, 1981; Badri et al.,1998; Serra and Marianov, 1998) to ensure fast response during fire emergency; location of public facilities such as post-offices (Comber et al, 2009); libraries (Koontz et al., 2009; Park, 2011); schools (Pizzolato and Silva, 1997). In all of these case studies, demand has been treated as static or stationary over time. Using static assumptions about demand could affect accuracy and effectiveness of location decisions, there by resulting in sub-optimal location choices. Few studies have employed dynamic strategies to location planning by the application of time series analysis. For example, Kumar (2004) investigated changes in geographical access to public and private health services India, using 2-year census (1981 & 1991) estimates. Similarly, Bennett (1981) compared alternative scenarios to locating health services by using a 2-year projected population.


Ecological agriculture is reviewed in terms of origin, research and practice in the world.The major problems arising from ecological agriculture in China are analyzed, based on which some proposals for development of ecological agriculture are put forward.


The dorsal region of the medial superior temporal area (MSTd) in primate extrastriate
visual cortex is reported to play a major role in the encoding and perception of optic
flow stimuli, i.e. large-scale motion patterns on the retina created by the movement
of the visual environment relative to the organism. Correspondingly, MSTd neurons
show tuned responses to the direction of linear motion stimuli, as well as to the
direction of spiral space motion stimuli (Graziano et al., 1994), i.e. complex motion
patterns that include expansion, contraction, rotation, and their mixtures, arranged
in a continuous circular dimension. In addition, MSTd cells have been reported to
be position-invariant in their responses to spiral motion stimuli. Here we describe a
study aimed at investigating the motion patterns MSTd neurons are most responsive to, unconstrained by the two limited sets of motion type dimensions mentioned above. We used reverse correlation, a linear method that has been successfully used to characterize receptive fields in V1 and MT. Our reverse correlation stimuli were large complex random dot patterns, formed by the smooth variation of local dot direction and speed between a virtual grid of positions in the stimulus where the local parameters were chosen randomly every 100ms from all possible linear directions and a large range of speeds. We investigated whether the reverse correlation method can be successfully used in MSTd to recover structured maps of receptive fields, and whether the motion patterns resulting from such analysis provide an appropriate description of the specific motion preferences of individual MSTd neurons, compared to the simple assumption of linear and/or spiral direction tuning. We also determined the position dependency of MSTd responses to spiral motion patterns. We recorded from 181 single MSTd cells in three rhesus monkeys, trained to foveate a fixation point. For around 25% of the 150 cells that underwent the reverse correlation task, analysis recovered in varying degrees significantly structured receptive field maps. The recovered maps show a dominance of preference to linear motion to varying degrees across cells, yet the neural responses to spiral and linear motion patterns was significantly correlated with their motion similarity to the reverse correlation maps in 54% to 68% of those cells. Almost all of the cells showed position invariant responses to spiral motion patterns. Our results indicate that reverse correlation can be applied successfully in area MSTd, although the resulting maps might be better able to explain linear motion preferences of the cell rather than more complex motion patterns. Our findings of position invariance are in line with previous evidence from literature (Graziano et al., 1994), and suggest that more studies are needed to clarify how MSTd neurons can be position invariant to optic flow stimuli and still be able to individually encode heading direction (Duffy & Wurtz, 1995; Orban, 2008).


Testimony before the Interstate Commerce Commission, 539. — "Scientific Management" to save railroads a million dollars a day, 539. — What is "Scientific Management?" — Its success in manufacturing establishments, 544. — Practically untried in railroad operation, 545. — Santa Fe experiments inconclusive, 546. — Differences between manufactories and railroads in extensive range of action (549). — Character of public service (550), and labor union influence, 553. — Progress of railroads in economical operation, 556. — Further progress possible by a more general adoption of best methods of best railroads, 559. — Difference between Scientific Management as a system and the best railroad methods not one in kind but in degree, 560.


The aim of this paper is to examine how the climate activist, Greta Thunberg, frames the issue of climate change. Using a framework from previous research to categorize different arguments, the contents of eight public speeches are analyzed. Thunberg is found to mainly emphasize that politicians have not taken appropriate action to stop climate change. Furthermore, politicians and the media are said to have failed to create a broad public awareness regarding the severity of the issue. The key solutions she proposes are that citizens take action to influence leaders, that the public is educated on climate change and that states increase their regulation on pollution. The main reason for taking such action is a moral duty to protect vulnerable populations and future generations. The present findings differ from previous research in that physical and social risks of climate change are not given as much attention. In addition, Thunberg does not mention potential national security issues or economic aspects of climate change. The research also found that Thunberg adapts her framing depending on her audience. Political solutions are emphasized when speaking to leaders and individual-scale solutions are given greater attention when addressing the public. Many people are trying to make the school strikes a question of whether we are promoting truancy or whether we should go back to school or not. They make up all sorts of conspiracies and call us puppets who cannot think for ourselves. They are desperately trying to remove the focus from the climate crisis and change the subject. They don't want to talk about it because they know they cannot win this fight. Because they know they haven't done their homework, but we have (Tal 1). Erosion of fertile topsoil, deforestation of our great forests, toxic air pollution, loss of insects and wildlife, the acidification of our oceans - these are all disastrous trends being accelerated by a way of life that we, here in our financially-fortunate part of the world, see as our right to simply carry on. (Tal 3).


This paper describes in detail the design idea and operation principle of non-standard baud rate serial communication system based on PC104 bus,and solves such key techniques as non-standard baud rate generation,operation reliability at limiting environments and electromagnetic compatibility,etc.The baud rate of module could be up to 614.4kbps,while the environment temperature is from - 55℃to 125℃.The experiment results prove that the module could be compatible with PC104 criterion in code level and achieve all design goals in limiting conditions.


This paper explores the challenges arising from the 're-use' of Mass Observation Project (MOP) writing (1981 to present day) encountered by the authors when setting up an Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) funded, longitudinal, mixed-methods research project on civic engagement. The paper begins with a brief review of the present UK social science research environment, highlighting the evidence for an increasing Research Council focus on interdisciplinary research and secondary analysis/re-use of data. It argues that this shift in focus gives rise to unique methodological challenges such as those encountered by the authors in this project. After providing some background and context, the paper discusses different obstacles encountered in the course of setting up this project. These include difficulties in: communicating within and across disciplines; re-using data across disciplines; the use of metadata, and its role in choosing writers from a longitudinal secondary data source; choice of analytical tools and approaches; and the Mass Observation writer's role in the research process. By sharing these experiences, the paper seeks to enable potential users of the MOP to see the value of MOP as a source of longitudinal qualitative secondary data; appreciate its potential for use with other data sources and across different disciplines; and equip other researchers to meet some of the challenges that the longitudinal use of MOP writing throws up.


ABSTRACT We define the Hochschild complex and cohomology of a ring object in a monoidal category enriched over abelian groups. We interpret the cohomology groups and prove that the cohomology ring is graded-commutative.


signal the unmaking of working class, as we knew it. Interestingly enough, the chapters on workers' control since the 1990s make less use of the theoretical language that had developed with that class. They very much describe a period of transition where the old language does not fit any longer and a new, more fitting one, hasn't developed yet. Ours to Master and to Own is a contribution to such a development. It offers more questions than answers, lots to talk and think about, and also a perspective of progressive change. This is a refreshing change compared to the eternal truths many on the left held for some time and to the cult of undetermined identities they embraced once their assumed truths had failed the reality check. Ingo Schmidt Athabasca University