The invention relates to 'water-retaining sand and a preparation method thereof', and belongs to the field of chemistry. The water- retaining sand consists of aggregate and an adhesive layer adhered on the surface of the aggregate, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a water soluble adhesive, a water retaining agent and a rooting agent, and the aggregate is aeolian sand. In the invention, the water retaining agent and the rooting agent are adhered onto the aeolian sand by the adhesive, so during manual irrigation or raining, the contact area of the water retaining agent on the water retaining sand is large enough to absorb water quickly and avoid waste; meanwhile, the water retaining effect is desirable, water is slowly released to be absorbed by roots of plants to promote the rooting ofthe plants. At the same time, the water retaining agent used in the invention is freeze thawing resistant and can absorb and retain water repeatedly, so that the water absorption of the roots of the plants is guaranteed to a maximum degree, the growth of the plants is promoted, the irrigation times of the plants are reduced, water resources are saved and labor cost are reduced. The water-retaining sand can solve the water shortage problem of the pit planting of economic crops and plants in deserts and arid areas. The formula of the water-retaining sand is simple, the quality is stable, and the construction is convenient.


The complexes [PdCl2(Me2RP)2] (R = o-tolyl; α-napthyl) may be isolated in both cis and trans forms. In CHCl3 solution cis-trans isomerization processes for these complexes are slow and this is ascribed to steric hindrance by the bulky R groups. The cis-trans isomerization is catalyzed by a variety of added ligands L. These isomerization processes have been extensively studied for the complexes cis-and trans-[PdCl2(Me2o-tolylP)2] in CHCl3 solution. The results of variable temperature n.m.r. and u.v. kinetic studies are fully consistent with a consecutive displacement mechanism with an ionic species of the type [PdCl(Me2o-tolylP)2L]+Cl− as an intermediate. The kinetic characteristics are determined by the nature and relative stability of this ionic intermediate. For L = Me2o-tolylP the rate of isomerization is zero order in complex and second order in added phosphine concentration. (At 38° kcis→trans = 6.2 × 103 l mol−1 s−1, ktrans→cis = 6.3 × 103 l mol−1 s−1) For L = PPh3 the rate of isomerization is consi...


An acousto-optic electric field sensor based on piezoelectric thick-film coated FBG is developed for magnetic resonance imaging. The sensor operates in the 20-150MHz range, addressing challenges of electro-optical field sensors at low RF frequencies.


The knowledge management uses a set of methods, techniques and tools to systematize and share knowledge and to make the environment propitious for generation, appropriation and use of knowledge. Conceptual maps are one of the knowledge management tools. These maps show what knowledge the organization has, who create it, in what way it is created and how this knowledge can be used by the organization. Thus, this research tried to understand knowledge importance at organizations environment and also the use of conceptual maps at this environment. After, it will be created a conceptual map to visualize the organizational knowledge in the Information Science Department at Sao Paulo State University, Brazil. The concepts to build the map will be extracted from the department teachers using the Delphi Method.


In this paper we present a new scheduling algorithm to solve the class of non uniform recurrence equations on the linear systolic array. The main idea is to use the fact that data dependency graph of the dynamic programming function of the problem is an irregular mesh. We propose a scheduling algorithm for irregular meshes on the linear array by an allocation function and an initial time for each node.


Additive manufacturing (AM), fundamentally different from traditional subtractive manufacturing techniques, is a layer-by-layer deposition process to fabricate parts with complex geometries. The formation of defects within AM components is a major concern for critical structural and cyclic loading applications. Understanding the mechanisms of defect formation and identifying the defects play an important role in improving the product lifecycle. While convolutional neural network (CNN) has already been demonstrated to be an effective deep learning tool for automated detection of defects for both conventional and AM processes, a network with optimized parameters including proper data processing and sampling can improve the performance of the architecture. In this study, for the detection of good deposition quality and defects such as lack of fusion, gas porosity, and cracks in a fusion-based AM process, a CNN architecture is presented comparing the classification report and evaluation of different architectural settings and obtaining the optimized result from them. The performance of the network was also compared with the results from the previous study. The overall accuracy (98%) for both training and testing the CNN network presented in this work transcends the current state of the art (92%) for AM defect detection.


This paper presents Daubechies 44 (db44) as a mother wavelet function for complex signals of human beings. During the last two decades, wavelet transform has been developing as one of the most powerful processors in various areas of science and technology. Many papers have been documented with different types of mother wavelet functions in various fields using different criteria (e.g. similarity between signals and mother wavelet). To name a few, machine condition monitoring including vibration, acoustic and ultrasonic signals, image processing, Electromyographic (EMG) and Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals have been taken into consideration using wavelet transform. The selection wavelet function represents an ongoing challenge in biosignal processing. This paper focuses on the selection of mother wavelet function for human biological signals. In this research, three measures were analyzed. These include surface and intramuscular EMG of the upper limb and psychophysical EEG in response to visual stimuli. 324 mother wavelet functions from wavelet families; including Haar, Daubechies (db), Symlet, Coiflet, Gaussian, Morlet, complex Morlet, Mexican hat, bio-orthogonal, reverse bio-orthogonal, Meyer, discrete approximation of Meyer, complex Gaussian, Shannon, and frequency B-spline were studied.


Theoretical analysis of spectral properties of volume phase gratings with high-reflective boundaries has been carried out for both transmission and reflection gratings. High Fresnel reflection at grating boundaries was shown can result in radical changing diffraction properties and significant increasing spectral selectivity in comparison to well-known Bragg selectivity. Structures considered can be of interest in developing demultiplexers for WDM optical networks, selective absorbers of laser power and other photonics devices.


Objective:To research the effect of reproductive development status on body mass index of menopausal women.Methods:A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method and a self-designed questionnaire were used to survey the women aged 30~70 years old(including the women aged 30 or 70 years old) in Luzhou region by interviewers after uniform training.Results:The body mass index of menopausal women was 23.9 on average.The proportions of menopausal women with overweight and obesity were 34.0% and 11.1%,respectively.The effect factors of body mass index of menopausal women included the age of menarche,the age of first pregnancy and the reason of menopause.Conclusion:The course of female reproductive development is related to body mass index closely,it is helpful to find out the high risk population with overweight and obesity.


Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0, Y = k r × (k × ) s , and let G be an algebraic torus acting diagonally on the ring of algebraic differential operators V(Y). We give necessary and sufficient conditions for D(V) G to have enough simple finite dimensional representations, in the sense that the intersection of the kernels of all the simple finite dimensional representations is zero. As an application we show that if K → GL(V) is a representation of a reductive group K and if zero is not a weight of a maximal torus of K on V, then D(V) K has enough finite dimensional representations. We also construct examples of FCR-algebras with any integer GK dimension ≥ 3.


Network congestion, data accuracy and network lifespan founds to play a major decisive concern for resource restraint in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). Multimedia data comprises larger volume of information which is needed to be transmitted over the network. Since these multimedia collection may comprise of audio, video and scalar data. The utilization of memory and resource for transmission of multimedia data results in outsized contrast that consequences congestion, packet drop, buffer spill over declension of throughput and quality of service. To trounce this out stress in this paper the network is designed to be deployed with heterogeneous sensor networks. A new way of Fuzzy logic scheme is introduced in this paper which involves two phases, assortment phase and dispatching phase. In first phase fuzzy logic assortment technique enforces the classification of inward multimedia stream. Segregated facts are routed through designated path by using ant based routing scheme in second phase. Security litigation is accomplished by one-way hash function. Finally we compared the proposed protocol with the existing distributed predictive and verification algorithm, were the results shows that proposed scheme has a greater QoS merits. Keywords— Congestion overhead; Data accuracy; Energy efficiency; Quality of Service; Wireless sensor networks; Fuzzy logic and Ant based routing


The radiotracer method is used to identify the leakage in the heat exchanger from a bank of heat exchangers of the Diesel Hydrotreating (DHDT) unit in the refinery. The data of the radiotracer study is analyzed using peak detection techniques to identify the leakage. This paper introduces a software solution to analyze the radiotracer data. The paper also discusses various data smoothing and peak detection techniques used in the software. This software tool was tested successfully using simulated data and verified using actual data from previous studies. The software tool correctly differentiated false peaks and leakage peaks. This result was helpful for correctly identifying the leaking heat exchanger.


Gallium distribution in the doped crystal CdTe was studied by using Ga-67 radioisotope in the form of 0.1 N solution of GaCl/sub 3/ without carriers. Equations are selected which allow calculation of the actual Ga distribution in the crystal. The results may be useful for the estimation of the solubility and diffusion rate of Ga in CdTe.


OBJECTIVES: Optimal transitions of care involve team-based collaboration across inpatient and outpatient settings and have the potential to help achieve the Quadruple Aim. This article describes a quality improvement pilot implemented by a safety-net academic inpatient service and partner community-based health centers to improve patient outcomes and provider experience in the care of underserved hospitalized adults. METHODS: Inefficient nonstandardized care coordination led to collaborative quality improvement between an inpatient service and partner primary care clinics in the San Francisco Health Network. Email-based care transitions were implemented to facilitate care team communication and improve linkage to primary care for hospitalized patients. Patient outcomes and provider work experience were assessed


The main aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a nurse‐led lifestyle‐related risk factor modification intervention on multiple lifestyle behaviours among coronary artery disease patients over six months.


The community of inquiry is a techno-pedagogical framework that has gathered significant attention in online education research. It has been implemented in diverse disciplines, (foreign) language learning being one of particular interest for the authors of this paper. Due to the dynamics proposed by the framework, it appears as a practical and relevant option to generate a successful learning experience for English as a Second or Foreign Language learners. Therefore, this article provides a brief description of the model, its theoretical foundation, its applications and potential uses in the area of language learning in online environments.


The information presented in this document describes results from the third year of monitoring for Georgia-Pacific West, Inc. in the Ten Mile River Watershed. This monitoring plan is the realization of an agreement between Georgia-Pacific and the California Regional Water Quality Control Board North Coast Region. Current conditions of instream aquatic habitat have been evaluated using information from stream temperatures, sediment sampling, fish habitat, aquatic macro-invertebrates, salmonid distribution and estimations of aquatic vertebrate populations. These m o n i t o r i n g results will ultimately direct Georgia-Pacific 's restoration and enhancement efforts by addressing the specific needs of the local environment.


At present, transportation of the oil and gas resources in our country relies mainly on long-distance buried pipeline; pipe is commonly steel spiral welded pipe. The long-distance pipeline adopts buried way, crossing section of the complex terrain. Different soil properties, and soil have different degree and strong corrosion to the pipe, and the leakage point also is not easy to be found in time, as well as the underground pipeline maintenance needs a large number of earthwork, more hard than the construction of new line. Therefore, long-term, safe and steady operation is the main task of long-distance pipeline. How to prevent the corrosion of buried pipeline damage has long been an important part of pipeline engineering.


The syntheses of two new ring systems, 5α-cholest-2-eno[3,2-e]-(6) and 5α-cholest-2-eno[2,3-e]-as-triazine (11) are described. While the reaction of diketone 1 with semicarbazide hydrochloride results selectively in derivatives of 6, S-methylisothiosemicarbazide under basic conditions affords the other possible ring closure product 11. An unequivocal decision between both types was made by X-ray analysis of compound 9. Comparison of the UV and CD spectra shows that besides the two absorptions appearing in the UV spectra additional ones can be observed in the CD, which may be assigned to further n – π* or only slightly allowed π – π* transitions.

Synthese, Rontgen-Strukturanalyse und CD von Cholesteno-as-triazinen1)

Die Synthesen von zwei neuen Ringsystemen, 5α-Cholest-2-eno[3,2-e]- (6) und 5α-Cholest-2-eno[2,3-e]-as-triazin (11) werden beschrieben. Wahrend das Diketon 1 mit Semicarbazid-hydrochlorid selektiv zu Derivaten von 6 reagiert, ergibt S-Methylisothiosemicarbazid das andere mogliche Ringschlusprodukt 11 unter basischen Reaktionsbedingungen. Zwischen den beiden Typen konnte mit Hilfe einer Rontgen-Strukturanalyse von 9 unterschieden werden. Vergleich der UV- und CD-Spektren zeigt, das auser den zwei Absorptionen, die im UV-Spektrum auftreten, zwei andere in den CD-Spektren beobachtet werden, die weiteren n – π*- oder nur wenig erlaubten π – π*-Ubergangen zugeordnet werden konnen.


A large number of children sexually abused never reveal their victimization. In some of the cases that do it, the latency of the disclosure is of years or even decades. Although there are many studies on the factors that influence the revelation of Child Sex Abuse (CSA), in Spain there are no recent publications that encompass and synthesize the currently available scientific evidence about the factors related to the different figures of the victim, the perpetrator and the relationship between them. In this work we revised several studies and meta-studies about the reasons that lead the victims to keep the abuse secret. To the difficulties that generally children  present to reveal a secret, especially when that involves some adult or it is related to sexual aspects, some other issues are added, such as the developmental stage and the gender of the child, their perception of responsibility and guilt during the abuse, the fear of the real or imaginary consequences. The abuser's situation of superiority, the strategies used to get close to or coerce the victim, and the relationship or the bond between them are factors that make the disclosure of CSA very difficult. To explain the phenomenon of the disclosure we used two basic models: the disclosure according to Social Exchange, and that of the Social-Cognitive disclosure, from which an interactional and multidimensional model is proposed. The factors that inhibit the revelation of the abuse in victims constitutes an important area of investigation aimed at contributing to the prevention, detection and intervention in these cases.


A series of 1-substituted 7-( n -butoxy)-6-methoxy-3-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline have been synthesized via cyclocondensation of O-butylated eugenol with various nitriles. Hydrochlorides of the obtained compounds were studied for analgesic activity in the hot-plate test. Experiments showed that the synthesized compounds exhibit significant analgesic effect exceeding that of metamizole sodium and comparable to that of ibuprofen.


A procedure is reported to determine accurate, invertible, block-diagonal factorizations for matrices obtained by discretizing integral equation formulations of electromagnetic interaction problems. The algorithm is based on the combination of localizing source/receiver transformations with orthogonally matched receiver/source transformations. The resulting factorization provides a single, sparse data structure for the system matrix and its inverse, and no approximation is required to convert between the two. Numerical examples illustrate the performance of the factorization for electromagnetic scattering from perfectly conducting elliptical cylinders of different electrical size.


This paper discusses the estimation of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models using hybrid models. These econometric tools provide the combination of an atheoretical statistical representation and the theoretical features of the DSGE model. A review of hybrid models presents the main aspects of these tools and why they are needed in the recent macroeconometric literature. Some of these models are compared to classical econometrics models (such as Vector Autoregressive (VAR), Factor Augmented VAR and Bayesian VAR) in a forecasting exercise. JEL CODES: C11, C15, C32 KEYWORDS: Model Estimation, Bayesian Analysis, DSGE Models, Vector Autoregressions "Dynamic equilibrium theory made a quantum leap between the early 1970s and the late 1990s. In the comparatively brief space of 30 years, macroeconomists went from writing prototype models of rational expectations (think of Lucas, 1972) to handling complex constructions like the economy in Christiano, Eichenbaum, and Evans (2005). It was similar to jumping from the Wright brothers to an Airbus 380 in one generation". Jesus Fernandez-Villaverde in "The Econometrics of DSGE Models"(2009, pag.2) "A well-de…ned statistical model is one whose underlying assumptions are valid for the data chosen" Aris Spanos in "The Simultaneous-Equations Model Revisited: Statistical Adequacy and Identi…cation" (1990, pag.89)


The novel Ti2-containing, sandwich-type 18-tungsto-2-arsenate(III) [(Ti(IV)O)2(α-As(III)W9O33)2](14-) (1) was successfully synthesized by the reaction of [TiO](2+) species with [α-As(III)W9O33](9-). The monolacunary polyanion 1 is solution-stable, and a further reaction with 1 equiv of phenylantimony(III) dichloride resulted in [C6H5Sb(III)(Ti(IV)O)2(α-As(III)W9O33)2](12-) (2). Both polyanions 1 and 2 were structurally characterized in the solid state and solution. Electrochemical studies were also performed on both polyanions.


Twocasesarereported inwhichthediagnosisofaserious condition wasdelayed as thesymptomshad been attributed to migraine. Spontaneous carotid arterydissection isaserious buttreatable causeof headachethatmay be misdiagnosed as recentonsetmigraine. Theimportance of correctly identifying thiscondition is emphasised.Accid Emerg Med1998;15 :187-188)


Current optoelectronics research and development of high-power, high-bandwidth laser transmitters, high-bandwidth, high-sensitivity optical receivers, pointing, acquisition and tracking components, and experimental and theoretical system modeling at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center is reviewed. Program hardware and space flight milestones are presented. It is believed that these experiments will pave the way for intersatellite optical communications links for both the NASA Advanced Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System and commercial users in the 21st century.<<ETX>>


One of the great pleasures in reading Harriet Evans's Beijing from below is how it subverts on two levels. One is to show how the socialist state failed to control the capital's underclass: despite numerous disciplinary projects, the neighborhood of Dashalar remained independent in spirit, at least until state-sponsored gentrification killed it. Here we see the reform-oriented state, eager to get rid of what it imagines to be social diseases (primarily petty commerce and pleasure) that Dashalar exemplified, with scant regard for its inhabitants. The second is that it calls into question how so much of contemporary history, and especially contemporary Chinese history, is written and understood. Evans shows how indispensable it is to combine three facets of information gathering: archives, ethnography, and oral history. Too oftenwe read books that only deal with archives (the classic historical approach) or with oral history (which we might think of as journalistic, although of course not exclusively). Evans shows how these methods should be combined with the ethnographic insights of observing a place. To me, her approach should be self-evident, but her need to justify her methodology shows the problematic siloing of academic disciplines. Also laudatory is her desire to keep the residents' real names (p. xvii). It is unfortunate that she ended up, against their will, changing their names, but such are the paternalistic conventions of much of modern-day social sciences. As a journalist who worked in China for more


The transmission of an acoustic wave through the layered media is rigorously analyzed and a correct formula of transmissivity is found based on the theory of acoustic wave transmission. The numerical computations of acoustic wave reflection and transmission coefficients are also finished. These results can be used to design and nodestructive testing of the scanning laser acoustic microscopel (SLAM).


Recent years, optically controlled phase-change memory draws intensive attention owing to some advanced applications including integrated all-optical nonvolatile memory, in-memory computing, and neuromorphic computing. The light-induced phase transition is the key for this technology. Traditional understanding on the role of light is the heating effect. Generally, the RESET operation of phase-change memory is believed to be a melt-quenching-amorphization process. However, some recent experimental and theoretical investigations have revealed that ultrafast laser can manipulate the structures of phase-change materials by non-thermal effects and induces unconventional phase transitions including solid-to-solid amorphization and order-to-order phase transitions. Compared with the conventional thermal amorphization, these transitions have potential superiors such as faster speed, better endurance, and low power consumption. This article summarizes some recent progress of experimental observations and theoretical analyses on these unconventional phase transitions. The discussions mainly focus on the physical mechanism at atomic scale to provide guidance to control the phase transitions for optical storage. Outlook on some possible applications of the non-thermal phase transition is also presented to develop new types of devices.


The functions of the passivating film, the factors influencing the thickness and compactness of the film and the control strategies of the film state in Electrolytic In-process Dressing (ELID) precision grinding were analysed. The loop current, which can characterise the film state was monitored and the experiments of the ELID grinding were conducted in the active controlling of the film state.


A study consisting of two parts is reported. The first investigated the extent to which effective-teacher characteristics discussed in the literature were considered by parents and administrators to be salient in bilingual education. The second examined the extent to which students exhibited behavior suggesting they had received effective practices identified in the research literature. Fifteen parents and seven administrators of elementary school bilingual education programs completed questionnaires to identify characteristics of effective teachers. Following classification of teachers as effective, six limited-English-proficient (LEP) students from classrooms of two effective teachers and eight LEP students from four regular, non-bilingual classes were observed. All classes were in grades 1-3. Results indicate that parents and administrators recognize the need for teachers to be aware of children's cultural differences, but none mentioned the unique, effective instructional features cited in the research literature or the recommended early childhood practices. The study findings illustrate student behaviors and language patterns present in both classroom types and behaviors predominant in the effective bilingual classrooms (more involvement behavior, social interaction, native language use). However, these behaviors and patterns did not correspond entirely to recommendations in the literature. (MSE) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Effective Instruction: A Comparison of the Behavior and Language Distribution of LEP Students in Regular and Effective Early Childhood Classrooms


This article conceptualizes the lofty term of cosmopolitanism from people's historical experience. It attempts to find a bridge between theory and life. Many writers now maintain that cosmopolitanism is no longer a dream, but rather the substance of social reality - and that it is increasingly the nation-state and our particular identities that are figments of our imagination, clung to by our memories. The aim of this article is to concretize this argument and demonstrate how some of the Jewish intellectuals who emerged from World War II and the Holocaust argued passionately about the status of their Jewishness and how this related to abstract and universal ideals of modernity and human rights. The article focuses on Hannah Arendt's responses to her critics instead of her vast theoretical work to illustrate this point. In responding to her critics, Arendt came closest to providing a formula for a concept of cosmopolitanism, which attempts to square the circle between the universal and the particular.


A new asymptotic theory is proposed for the peripheral transfer A(x, y)B reaction at low energies within the three-body (A, a and y) model by combining the dispersion theory and DWBA, where x= y + a, B= A + a, and a is a transferred particle. The results of the analysis of the differential cross sections of the proton transfer 9Be(10B, 9Be)10B reaction at the 10B projectile energy of 100 MeV populating the ground and excited states of the residual nucleus are presented. New estimates and their uncertainties are obtained for values of the asymptotic normalization coefficients for 9Be + p → 10B and for the astrophysical S factors at stellar energy of the radiative capture 9Be(p, γ)10B reaction.


With an objective to enquire about availability of primary or secondary level facilities for refraction and explore reasons for approaching a tertiary OPD despite awareness of the same, a prospective study was conducted over a two month period in the ophthalmology OPD of a medical college of Bihar among patients aged 10-24 years from Patna district diagnosed with refractive errors, using a predesigned interview schedule and subsequent statistical analysis. Of 1075 subjects, about 61% of rural young people recalled that refraction facilities (of primary or secondary level) were available in the vicinity of their residence (about 18% denied availability, and 21% were unaware) while all 961 urban young people were aware of the same. The prime reason for visit among urban patients was the need for certification from a government institution for admission to an educational institution or job. Hence, there is need to establish new and advertise existing vision centres, conduct community screening, establish government-subsidized optician services network, inculcate importance of counselling patients among all eye care professionals, define the role of a tertiary care institution in the minds of the public and support the tertiary hospital by a high-volume primary eye care facility in the neighbourhood.


This study examines, through case studies developed in on-site field research, how small firms can obtain positive results in employing robotics. A model to aid in making the automated decision is included, as well as recommended actions to enhance automation in the small business sector.


Suggests that a major shift in the way organizations are currently managed is required if Australia wants to enhance its future competitive position. Australia needs to capitalize on its perceived strength of being hard working, flexible and innovative while overcoming its lack of strategic perspective. Discusses two case studies where the application of systems thinking tools and the surfacing of mental models have helped managers overcome their short‐term thinking and start to take control over their own futures. The case studies demonstrate how it is possible to start surfacing mental models and for the participant to learn how these affect the organization. The major learning is that the tools can be applied to most types of organization, no matter how far down the "learning organization path" they have travelled. The key is how the tools are applied and how skilled the facilitator is in creating a safe and open environment for reflecting and exposing mental models. The case studies show that the application of systems thinking tools can be rewarding and as a result we encourage practical experimentation.


Repeat of amino acids in a protein sequence has clinical and functional importance. Perfect Amino Acid Repeat (PAAR) is a kind of relational as well as flat file database which is created by the comprehensive analysis of  5,42,782 protein sequences of Swiss-Prot database (released on 19 th March,2014) to know the association between repeated sequence and disease. It provides the search engine for rapid access of a particular repeated amino acid, or particular swissprot ID, or particular length of repeated amino acids in a protein sequence. It also provides the flat files for single, oligo, and tandem repeated sequence information to get the complete informaton about concerned amino acids repeat. It consists of the tables of repeated sequence and its associated disease in human being.


At Marutha, located in the high-grade granulite terrain of South India, gold in association with pyrite and chalcopyrite occurs along the contacts of quartz veins with amphibolite. Structures of the area were produced during two deformational events. Gold-bearing quartz veins were formed before the onset of second deformational event. Amphibolite of Marutha, geochemically comparable with the metavolcanics of Kolar and Hutti, is derived from low-K-tholeiitic basalt and has no komatiitic affinity. Tholeiitic basalt is the probable source of gold at Marutha.


Introduction Following the countervailing power theory of John R. Commons of the University of Wisconsin, who describes industrial workers' rights, not human rights, as the dominant theme in economic relations between the higher and the lower earning groups, others develop the concept as human rights stressing that human rights are basic rights, recognizing that every human being is sacred. The politics of human rights, and of accommodating human rights with other social values and practices, have remained the central theoretical and practical concern (Nickel, 1990, p. 9; Shue, 1996, chs. 1-2; and Donnelly, 2003, chs. 1-2). Despite a focus on human welfare, Galbraith has celebrated countervailing power theory (1952), in which unions bargain for a wage in excess of the competitive wage. This is in contradiction with human rights' worldview because his power theory is more concerned with welfare rather than human rights. Successive three generations of human rights formally created an international human rights framework, modeled on European Enlightenment's concept of rationality and equity, but the declarations did not ensure different members of the citizenry equitable conditions and treatment. The first generation of human rights mandated freedom of speech and the right to a free trial, whereas the second generation, in social terms, granted people the right to work and secure the ability of the individual to support a family. The third generation created a sort of fraternity following the slogan of the French Revolution (1789) and granted the right to economic and social development that adhered to the principle of the common heritage of humanity. In recent decades, the contents of human rights and their limits have been subjected to requirements of public scrutiny and critical reasoning because human rights are no longer treated as "trumps" (Dworkin, 2000), having neither to be justified nor negotiated. Even those, who reject this claim, might agree with Isaiah Berlin to propose "safeguards against intervention by the state, to men who are half-naked, illiterate, underfed and diseased is to mock their condition" (Berlin, 1969). Whereas Dworkin rejects the positivist separation of law and morals, arguing that other standards function as law and are part of law and binding on judges, Nussbaum claims that the Greek/Roman theorists at the source of Western moral tradition held that there was an intimate connection between philosophical thought and political and social practices (Nussbaum, 1994). Expanding the idea, many modern Indian social scientists and philosophers think of human rights as a language that creates a basis for the clear and open rational deliberation based on particular values. This form of countervailing power was expressed in Nigeria, where a Muslim girl, Amina Lawal, having a child out of wedlock, was sentenced to stoning by Sharia practices, inviting secular protest from Amnesty International. Aziz al-Hibri, a professor, University of Richmond, argues that in the aftermath of the Amina Lawal criminal case, the issues surrounding implementation of the Sharia code of justice "must ultimately be addressed theologically," a stance refuting the thesis Fared Zakaria, who argues that the secular Western liberals should undermine excesses in the Sharia personal code (Born, 2006, Winter). The issue is the source of power that has been embedded in a theory predicting a "class of civilizations," and more importantly the methodological approach. It is not a struggle between traditional entities and new scientific knowledge. In this paper, any miscellaneous bargaining power is interpreted as a countervailing power enabling the abused and the discriminated to resist imposed attempts to maintain the status quo. Working under the relatively undervalued countervailing concept, Sen shows some insights and analytical advantages using various disciplines, including philosophy and political science. He observes that in the Indian context, human rights literature remains with a clear focus on politics and ethnicity. …


Mixing efficiency is one of the most significant factors in bioprocess productivity. The major role of agitation is to improve broth homogenization, mass and heat transfer inside the bioreactors. The increase of agitation and aeration and a good geometry of the reactor provide better mixing and mass transfer; however, excesses might result in high hydrodynamic stress with negative effects, such as loss of cell viability, rupture of cells, autolysis, changes in membrane integrity, release of intracellular compounds, morphological alterations, variations in intracellular respiration and a decrease in enzymatic production affecting the culture growth [1, 2]. The biomass production and metabolites accumulation in a STR depends on the resistance of the cells to shear stress, balanced with efficient mass transfer and mixing. Impeller design plays a major role in the mixing of fluids and suspensions. Its design influences fluid movement, and in turns the type of liquid involved influences the impeller design. Three-phase mixing, of which cell suspensions are an example, is extremely complex, with heat and gas distribution and solid suspension demanding certain requirements which are heavily influenced by the rheology of the mixture and the levels of shear stress tolerated by the cells. Multipleimpeller systems in the reactor are being applied where shear sensitivity of microorganisms is an important criterion for the process design, due to their efficient gas distribution and lower power consumption per impeller when compared to single-impeller systems [3-5].


tality. 2 This suggests that measures of abdominal adiposity, rather than BMI (which is confounded by effects of smoking and subject to reverse causality), should be used in assessing future burdens of cardiovascular disease associated with the obesity epidemic. Making comparisons between populations also helps us understand the environmental and social causes of cardiovascular disease risk. In this issue, we publish a review of the factors explaining the large variation in cardiovascular occurrence between countries. 3 The authors consider three ''environmental influences'' relevant to cardiovascular disease: tobacco; the obesogenic milleu; and air pollution. They state that the 'general acceptance that population level influences are the most likely explanations of differences in CVD rates ... is largely a diagnosis of exclusion'. This perverse view is reflected in their conclusions of 'more research needed' and an emphasis on reducing CVD risk through 'individually targeted interventions' (otherwise known as polypharmacy—no conflict of interest here). It would be unfortunate if such views resulted in a slowing of public health action, particularly in developing countries. Implementation of World Health Organisation's tobacco control framework 4 and its work on diet and activity 5 are vital if projected CVD epidemics are to be mitigated. Our commentators take a more positive stance, highlighting what can and should be done. 6


Recently, a new class of crime scenes has become more prevalent. In a variety of criminal activities technologies are used to maintain records, communication, and commit crimes. For this reason, the challenge to investigative professionals is how to retrieve the digital evidence from storage devices and how to take the suspect to court. Digital evidence is different from physical. When the investigative professionals face the cases of computer crime, they must handle digital evidences properly to guarantee integrity and non-repudiation. This paper discusses a standard operating procedure to conduct inquires by the Ministry of Justice, Investigation Bureau (MJIB) in Taiwan, to achieve above goals. To enhance the quality and security of managing digital evidence, we also consider access control and fingerprint mechanisms to protect digital evidence from being misused, disclosed, or modified by malicious users. The results of this paper can be used to improve digital forensics in Taiwan.


Chromosomes of sensitive and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR) resistant sublines of mouse lymphocytic leukemia, P388, growing in vitro were observed. Chromosome number and karyotypes in the FUDR-resistant subline differed from those in the parental sensitive line both in the mode of total chromosome numbers (49 in the sensitive and 40 in the resistant sublines) and in the number of biarmed chromosomes (14 and 21, respectively). A sequential event of chromosomal damage, elimination and selection was considered as a cause of development of altered karyotypes in the FUDR-resistant subline.


This study aims to explore problem-based learning (PBL) in conjunction with students' confidence in the basic ideas of electromagnetism and their motivational orientations and learning strategies. The 78 first-year geology and geophysics students followed a three-week PBL instruction in electromagnetism. The students' confidence was assessed through a diagnostic test on electromagnetism. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was used to identify students' motivational orientations and learning strategies. The results indicate that many students were confident in incorrect answers, and had inadequate use of Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, Volume 11, Issue 1, Article 16, p.2 (Jun., 2010) Murat SAĞLAM Students' performance awareness, motivational orientations and learning strategies in a problem-based electromagnetism course Copyright (C) 2010 HKIEd APFSLT. Volume 11, Issue 1, Article 16 (Jun., 2010). All Rights Reserved. cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies. Providing students with some formative assessments during the PBL process could help them to better judge their understanding, which, in turn, would result in better student calibration (i.e., students would be more confident in their correct answers, and less confident in their incorrect answers) in electromagnetism. Helping the first-year PBL students to obtain effective cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies early in the academic year could improve their understanding of physics concepts.


No electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) available in the USA have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be marketed for smoking cessation, and any such approvals would only apply to a specific product rather than e-cigarettes as a class of products. Accordingly, any marketing of e-cigarettes that explicitly or implicitly states that they are for cessation assistance (or any other medical purpose) would violate the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.1 However, in May 2019 searches of three top internet retailer websites (Amazon, Walmart, eBay),2 we found numerous e-cigarettes identified explicitly or implicitly as cessation products. At Amazon.com some e-cigarettes and their accessories were found under the 'Health and Personal Care>Healthcare Care>Smoking Cessation' category (see …


Mercury(Hg) adsorption capacities of different soil types are considered to be essential to Hg pollution control in contaminated agricultural soils. However, the above information in China is still unclear. This study was conducted to elucidate the influences of soil properties on mercury adsorption by modeling the relationships between adsorption capacity and the properties of 22 typical soil types. The results manifested that the Langmuir two-surface equation was provided to be a better fit to the mercury adsorption data than the Langmuir one-surface equation.Therefore, the two-surface Langmuir equation was used to assess adsorption capacity of mercury in soils. The prediction results by the two-surface Langmuir equation indicated that Hg adsorption capacities were ranged from3052.95 mg kg-1 to 8374.27 mg kg-1. About 93.29% of the variability in mercury adsorption on the low-energy surface could be described by pH, CEC and organic matter, and 81.76% of the variability in mercury adsorption on the high-energy surface could be described by organic matter, and free Fe oxides. Generally, organic matter, pH and free Fe oxides were responsible for 82.16% of the variability in the total adsorption capacity of mercury in soils, which ordered as the order organic matter pH free Fe oxides.


The roots of weeds grown in pineapple fields were examinated for the presence of the nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus. Of the 55 plant species analysed, belonging to 26 familles, 15 species were infected by P. brachyurus, including Bidens pilosa, Emilia coccinea, Ipomea nil, Oldalendia affinis, Secamone afzelei, Solanum torvum and Tristemma coronata in which such infections have not been previously reported. The results highlighted the polyphagy of P. brachyurus and the limits of wild fallows for soil rehabilitation between two pineapple crop cycles. The pantropical weed Chromolaena odorata is beneficial as it is not affected by P. brachyurus, and it can quickly and abundantly overrun spontaneous fallows in Cote d'Ivoire.


New research released by the Australia Institute today shows that government moves to cut unemployment benefits will put recipients at 32% below the poverty line. The research also highlights staggering inequality in Australia where the ten richest Australian families have the same wealth as the poorest 3.9 million Australians combined.


Emerging viral diseases, such as those caused by H5N1 avian influenza and the filoviruses Ebola and Marburg virus, are often difficult to predict and can lead to severe illness and death. It is important to study these viruses so we can best know how to combat them. In this work, we investigate both the basic mechanism of infection for H5N1 influenza virus, Ebola, and Marburg virus, and to develop effective anti-filoviral therapeutics. Here we demonstrate that the reticulon 4 receptor (RTN4R) plays a role in influenza infection, while the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) is involved in filoviral infection. We also report several small molecule compounds and plant extracts which exhibit potent anti-filoviral activity.


SUMMARY 1. A recent analysis of 30 lakes in the Yangtze basin found no effect of benthic macrophyte coverage on the relationship between chlorophyll a concentrations and total phosphorus (TP). 2. While several recent studies have found the effects of macrophyte coverage to be weaker in subtropical versus temperate shallow lakes, in this case, the finding was due to a statistical error meaning that the comparison was effectively made for lakes with very low TP concentrations of just 1 l gL 1 . 3. Centring the data so that the comparison is made at a TP concentration where both vegetated and non-vegetated lakes are found confirms a strong effect of macrophytes on the chlorophyll a to TP relationship. 4. Thus, macrophyte effects for these subtropical lakes in the Yangtze basin are in fact similar to those found in temperate lakes.


[Objective]To explore the anatomical basis for clinical applications of occipitocervical fusion by anterior transarticular screw fixation from the axis to the occiput. [Methods]The correlated anatomic linear and the screw rajectory parameters of anterior transarticular screw fixation from the axis to the occiput were observed and measured on thirty adult human bone specimens.According to the data measured,anterior occiput-to-axis screw fixation was performed on the dry craniovertebral junction specimens.Roentgen rays were examined to study the positions of screws and to measure the angle of the screw trajectory. [Results]The occiput to axis transarticular screw trajectory was placed posteriorly tilting in sagittal plane and lateral tilting in coronary plane.The screw tip was located in the posterolateral third of the occipital condyle.There was no significant difference(P0.05) between leftside and rightside.The ideally placed angle of the screw was direct(18.15±3.70) °laterally in the coronal plane and(24.20±4.91) °posteriorly in the sagittal plane.The ideal length of the trajectory was(34.45±2.9) mm.Imageological examination and direct vision demonstrated that anterior occiput to axis screw fixation according the above results ensured insertion of the trajectory passing through the atlanto-occipital articulation and the atlanto-axial articulation without piercing the bones. [Conclusion]From the anatomical standpoint,the technique of anterior fixation from the atlas to the occiput is feasible.


Excerpt Despite extensive anatomicopathologic studies, the characteristics of the coronary circulation responsible for ischemic heart disease have not been quantitatively defined. Recent advances i...


This study examines how readers' stable media content preferences influence cognitive elaboration as part of the frame-setting process and how elaboration moderates the magnitude of framings effects. An experiment examines whether a made-in-China product recall story carrying the "Incompetent Authority" frame activates more frame-related thoughts than an unframed version. Subsequent regressions predict attitude or causal attribution with activation and elaboration and relate elaboration to issue knowledge or involvement. We find that although people who closely followed consumer news elaborated more in-depth on the product issue, though deeper elaboration did not moderate frame's effects on attitude or causal attribution. Implications for framing theory and U.S. media's presentation of Chinese product recalls are discussed.


In Bayesian multi-object filtering, in contrast to Bayesian single object filtering, the number and the individual states of objects are to be determined in the presence noise, detection uncertainty and false alarms. The Randon Finite Set (RFS) or Finite Set Statistics (FISST) approach is a rigorous and systematic framework for estimation in multi-object systems. The centrepiece of this framework is the so called Bayes multi-object filter, a theoretically sound yet computationally challenging recursion, which propagates the multi-object posterior density. Well known and tractable yet efficient recursive solutions for multi-object estimation, based on approximations of the Bayes multi-object filter, currently exist via moments and parameterizations. This paper summarizes new results which present a conjugate or exact closed form solution to the Bayes multi-object filter.


Kinetics of thermal and catalyzed coal liquefaction was investigated from 10 s to as long as 60 min using a short contact time batch reactor (SCTBR). Using this reactor system avoids the problems of slow heat up and cool down associated with the massive apparatus required for running high-pressure and high-temperature reactions. Coal liquefaction conversion to tetralin-soluble products was determined by changes in ash content in the partially reacted coal relative to that of the unreacted coal. Three distinct phases in the liquefaction process were observed: a very rapid extraction followed by an induction period (i.e., a short period when the extraction is ending and the conversion appears to be stopped) and then a slower conversion of the coal structure itself. By examining the liquefaction process at very short reaction times, it is possible to separate the very rapid extraction process (representing 20-30 wt % of the total conversion) from the slower liquefaction of the coal structure itself. Most previous work has measured the overall reaction rate by studying the process to higher or complete conversion, resulting in a composite of several vastly different rate processes and confounding a valid kinetic analysis. Solvents with different hydrogen donor strengths were also shown to have a strong influence on conversion rate and molecular hydrogen consumption. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to measure the contents of volatile matter, fixed carbon, a possible precursor or intermediate to the retrograde product formation (tar and coke), and ash in the liquefaction solids as a function of liquefaction time.


The interaction between the substrate and YBa2Cu3O7 films made by ion beam sputtering and e‐beam evaporation is found to significantly influence the superconducting transition temperature, Tc. The substrates investigated are Al2O3, MgO, SrTiO3, ZrO2‐9% Y2O3 (YSZ), and BaF2. In the case of Al2O3, a spinel is formed at the interface and Al is found to be present in solution in the YBa2Cu3O7. This reaction significantly depresses Tc. For SrTiO3, both Sr and Ti are found in the film without severely depressing the Tc; this, however, depends on the annealing conditions. Although under similar conditions little interaction was observed for the MgO substrates, a moderate reduction in Tc was observed. An interaction zone of BaZrO3 perovskite is formed at the interface between the YSZ substate and the 123 structure. In addition, Zr is found in solution in the 123 film. The presence of Zr has little effect on the Tc. The films were characterized using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), transmission elect...


In transition, the Romanian economy advanced the development prudent macroeconomics policies and implemented structural reforms in the market for goods, labour and financial products. In this paper, we make an analysis of the principal challenges for the admittance in European Union. Can Romanian economy obtain a grow faster convergence? The nominal and real convergence must be touched faster because this processus supposes stability prices, the financial soundness indicators, the need to stabilize exchange rate. In addition, the real convergence with European Union is very important.


Solar cells based on organometal halide perovskites attract increasing research interest as an excellent source of renewable energy due to their inexpensive process, high power conversion efficiency, and availability of abundant raw material. The basic description, current research targets and status, and future perceptions of perovskite‐based photovoltaics along with the strategies toward the enhancement of both (intrinsic and extrinsic) stabilities of high‐efficiency devices are summarized and analyzed. This review provides the required knowledge for this design by studying various commercialized thin‐film technologies, analyzing large‐scale fabrication methods like physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, inkjet printing, doctor blading, spray coating, and roll‐to‐roll techniques. Addressing the present threat and opportunities for integrating the new material exploration, devices and large‐scale fabrication is conductive to the successful commercialization of the perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). This article presents the overview of the reports of the latest technological enhancement of cell stability, interfacial modification, replacement of electron and hole transport layers, techniques used for minimizing the lead‐based perovskites toxicity, and large‐scale fabrication. Finally, this provides an emphasis on organometal halide perovskite‐based solid‐state solar cell contacts that are believed to be the key factor for achieving highly stable PVSCs.


The performance of the automatic microcomputerized quesi-synchronizing devices,the hardware system structure and software diagram at Yanziqiao Hydropower Plant are introduced in this paper.Since the devices went into operation,they have been operating stably and reliably,which plays an important role in stable switching of the unit and stable operation.


The present work was conducted to assessed the quality of cake fortified with sweet potato and beet root flour. Sweet potato and beetroot composite were added at various levels of substitution (5,10,15%) with wheat flour, cake production were carried out and these formula were storage for 0,7,14 and 21 days. The proximate composition showed that there were an increased nutrient content (protein, ash, fiber, Phenol and flavonoids) as addition of wheat flour with sweet potato and beet root. Minerals content were determined (Ca, Mg, K and Fe). Adding sweet potato and beetroot increase levels of minerals comparing with control and during storage period. Sensory attributes of the cakes were examined results of analysis showed that decrease in sensory properties comparing with control cake and by increase period of storage. Rheological properties of dough were estimated. Antioxidant prosperities also determined. Sweet potato and beet root are good source of phenolic acids and flavonoids compound, considered as a functional food for due to health and nutritional values.


Malnutrition (wasting or cachexia) is frequently observed in uraemic patients, both in the predialysis phase and during renal replacement therapy [1,2]. According to the DOPPS, every 4th to 5th dialysis patient suffers from moderate or severe malnutrition [3]. It was also found that dietary energy and protein intakes are inadequate in the majority of haemodialysis patients [4]. For many years, it has been known that wasting or cachexia is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular and infectious diseases among uraemic patients [5]. However, the pathophysiology of wasting in these patients is very complex and not entirely known [6]. Several factors contribute to protein–energy malnutrition in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) including: metabolic acidosis, chronic inflammation, low protein diet, resistance to anabolic hormones and anorexia [7]. The discovery of leptin immediately stimulated several additional areas of investigation [8]. These later studies stressed that adipose tissue is an active and important source of several hormones and proinflammatory cytokines [9]. They also increased interest in appetite regulation and the role of anorexia in the common phenomenon of wasting in uraemia [7]. Leptin is a protein hormone, predominantly produced by adipocytes and presumed to be involved in the maintenance of stable body mass [10]. High levels of leptin inhibit food intake and increase energy expenditure through several complicated pathways [10,11]. Low leptin levels stimulate appetite and suppress energy expenditure, thereby increasing fat accumulation, which in consequence raises plasma leptin concentrations again. In recent years, some of the pathways involved in the regulation of appetite have been identified in detail. For non-specialists, it is important to stress that leptin, and to a certain extent insulin, exert their biological actions through increased activity of MC4-Rs (melanocortin receptors 4) located in the hypothalamus (paraventricular region), which suppresses AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase). MC4-Rs activity is increased directly by suppression of such hormones which improve appetite and decrease energy expenditure like NPY (neuropeptide Y) and AGRP (Agouti Related Peptide) or indirectly through activation of POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin), which induces neurons to release a-MSH (a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone), i.e. a stimulator of MC4-Rs. High levels of leptin and insulin and most probably also certain uraemic metabolites can activate both of the above pathways [11]. For example, chronic treatment with AGRP increases food intake, body fat mass and plasma leptin concentration [12]. The same observations were made in cachexia induced by cancer, which was both reversed and prevented by the administration of AGRP [13]. The above data has been extended by a recent elegant and comprehensive study by Cheung et al. [14], who tested the hypothesis that cachexia associated with uraemia is caused by leptin signalling through the hypothalamic MC4-Rs. They found that uraemiaassociated cachexia is attenuated in leptin receptordeficient (db/db) mice and in MC4-Rs knockout mice. Pharmacological blockade of the MC4-Rs with AGRP obtained the same results. In their study, they also found that gene expression of ubiquitin C and proteasome subunits C2, C3 and C9 was not changed in uraemic mice. The ATP-dependent ubiquitin–proteasome pathway is involved in protein muscle degradation [15]. In acidotic rats with cancer-induced cachexia, an increase in skeletal muscle proteolysis was associated with the increase in gene expression for ubiquitin and proteasome subunits [16]. The authors interpret these results as showing that hypothalamic MC4-Rs, a central signalling system for cytokines such as leptin, play an important role in the pathogenesis of uraemic cachexia. As uraemia is characterized by significant elevations of plasma leptin concentration, the results of Cheung et al. [14] seem to clarify very elegantly the pathogenesis of anorexia and wasting in uraemic Correspondence and offprint requests to: Prof. Andrzej Wiȩcek FRCP (Edin.), Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Francuska 20/24 Str. 40-027 Katowice/Poland. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


SUMMARY

The parameter that defines the ray tracing equations in the direct geometrical approach is the product of the radius of curvature of the wave front by the velocity on the wave front (RV). To show this, we derive motion equations for the centre and the radius of curvature of an expanding wave front. The continuity of RV along rays implies Snell's Law. For constant velocities the equation for the radius of curvature reduces to the original Huygens' Principle. The variable RV can be computed during ray tracing and used to determine the local radius of curvature, which in turn can be used in geometrical spreading, amplitude corrections and structure interpretation.


Introduction: Earlier detection is a critical clinical intervention to reduce cancer-related mortality. The DELFI liquid biopsy approach (DNA evaluation of fragments for early interception) utilizing low coverage (1-2x) whole genome sequencing (WGS) to analyze cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentation provides a promising avenue for cancer detection. As sequencing costs remain a barrier to adoption of liquid biopsy approaches for early detection, we evaluated WGS for DELFI using 2-channel Illumina NovaSeq sequencing as a more affordable (~7-fold cost savings) alternative to 4-channel HiSeq instruments.
 Methods: We performed WGS on the prospectively collected LUCAS cohort of 365 individuals at risk for lung cancer using both HiSeq and NovaSeq platforms (Mathios et. al., Nature Communications 2021). Genome-wide fragmentation was summarized in non-overlapping 5 Mb bins by ratio of short (100-150 bp) to long (151-220 bp) fragments.To measure within-sequencer repeatability, we compared fragmentation profiles of non-cancer individuals to the median non-cancer fragmentation profile by Spearman correlation. Principal component analyses were performed to assess the extent to which the sequencer explains variation of fragmentation profiles across samples.For cancer prediction, we used a penalized logistic regression model with fragmentation profiles and other genome-wide characteristics as features. Machine learning performance was assessed by cross-validation and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC). To evaluate whether we could have developed the classifier from a combination of NovaSeq with HiSeq sequenced samples, we evaluated performance trained on 90:10%, 75:25%, 50:50%, 25:75%, and 10:90% HiSeq:NovaSeq mixtures, respectively.
 Results: cfDNA fragmentation profiles were highly concordant among non-cancer individuals for both platforms with median correlations of 0.96 (IQR: 0.95 - 0.97) and 0.95 (IQR: 0.94 - 0.96). Visualization of fragmentation principal components did not reveal separation by sequencing platform. The DELFI approach applied to samples sequenced by NovaSeq recapitulated previously published performance measures based on HiSeq (AUC 0.90, 95% CI 0.86 - 0.94). In simulations of mixed-platform datasets, we found the same qualitative performance (AUC range: 0.893-0.902).
 Conclusions: cfDNA fragmentation profiles were similar between HiSeq and NovaSeq platforms, and classification accuracies from machine learning models trained on these platforms were equivalent. Our results indicate HiSeq and NovaSeq sequenced samples can be combined in models with no discernible loss in classification accuracy provided a balance of non-cancers and cancers are sequenced on both platforms. The lower cost of NovaSeq sequencing may enable wider adoption of genome-wide fragmentation-based approaches for cancer detection.
 Citation Format: Akshaya V. Annapragada, Dimitrios Mathios, Stephen Cristiano, Jamie E. Medina, Vilmos Adleff, Noushin Niknafs, Jacob Carey, Nic Dracopoli, Peter Bach, Jillian Phallen, Victor E. Velculescu, Robert B. Scharpf. Towards population-scale screening of human cancer using genome-wide fragmentation profiles of cell-free DNA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5159.


We calculate the quantum tunneling rate of a ferromagnetic particle of $\sim 100 \AA$ diameter in a magnetic field of arbitrary angle. We consider the magnetocrystalline anisotropy with the biaxial symmetry and that with the tetragonal symmetry. Using the spin-coherent-state path integral, we obtain approximate analytic formulas of the tunneling rates in the small $\epsilon (=1- H/H_c)$-limit for the magnetic field normal to the easy axis ($\theta_H = \pi/2$), for the field opposite to the initial easy axis ($\theta_H = \pi$), and for the field at an angle between these two orientations ($\pi/2 << \theta_H << \pi$). In addition, we obtain numerically the tunneling rates for the biaxial symmetry in the full range of the angle $\theta_H$ of the magnetic field ($\pi/2 < \theta_H \leq \pi$), for the values of \epsilon =0.01 and 0.001.


The child has orbital cellulitis, an infection with sometimes serious sequelae that involves the soft tissue of the orbit posterior to the orbital septum. Children are more likely than adults to contract orbital cellulitis; the median age of those affected is 7 years. Preseptal cellulitis--the other major infection of the ocular and adnexal orbital tissue--involves the soft tissue of the eyelids and periocular region anterior to the orbital septum and is considered less severe.


and telangiectasia) syndrome Primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (PLCA) is a rare condition that presents with the deposition of amyloid material in the skin, withno evidence of systemic involvement. Primary localized cutaneous nodular amyloidosis (PLCNA) is the rarest type of cutaneous amyloidosis. Of the three subdivisions of localized amyloidosis, macular and lichenoid subtypes show keratin-derived amyloid, whereas the nodular subtype is believed to be derived from plasma cells. Several disorders, including systemic sclerosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis, have been associated with PLCA. Summers and Kendrick recently presented the first case of PLCNA with the CREST variant (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal motility disorders, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia) of systemic sclerosis. To our knowledge, we report the second case of this association. An 83-year-old woman presented with multiple, shiny, skin-colored nodules on the legs bilaterally that had been present for 25 years (Fig. 1a,b). The lesions had been asymptomatic and had recently begun to enlarge and develop several satellite nodules. Findings on physical examination revealed sclerodactyly, as well as a few scattered telangiectasias on the lips and pulp of the fingers. A biopsy specimen of the nodules showed diffuse eosinophilic aggregates of amorphous material in the superficial portion of the dermis, accentuated around vascular channels and adnexal structures (Fig. 2). Plasma cells within amyloid material were prominent. Congo red stain revealed an apple-green birefringence under polarized light. Deposits were positive for both Ak and Aj. Laboratory results showed a normal serum protein electrophoresis and a positive antinuclear antibody(ANA)withatiterof‡1:1280.ANAshowed an anticentromere antibody pattern, suggestive of the CREST variantof scleroderma. Based on the patient's clinical, pathologic, and laboratory data, she was diagnosed with PLCNA and CREST syndrome. The amyloid fibrils in PLCNA consist of immunoglobulin light chains which are referred to as amyloid L (AL) type. These chains are produced by a clonal plasma cell population. This is in contrast with the amyloid A (AA) type which is associated with secondary amyloidosis and is derived from an acute-phase reactant secondary to long-standing inflammation. As the lesions in PLCNA may contain numerous plasma cells, they are best considered as isolated plasmacytomas. In conclusion, we believe that there is an association between PLCNA and the CREST variant of systemic sclerosis. First, PLCNA has been described in association with autoimmune connective tissue disorders. Second, association Figure 1 (a) Multiple, shiny, skin-colored nodules on the patient's lower extremities. (b) Telangiectasias on the patient's fingertips as a part of CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal motility disorders, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia) syndrome


In this paper, we describe an approach to combining a reservoir simulation with 3-D visualization and virtual reality technology. Our prototype VR/visualization system minimizes human-machine interface barriers and provides enhanced control ●Lever 4.:-, ,1-+:AR LIIC allllulatwil, therebjj maximizing scientific judgment and use of intuition. We illustrate the practical advantage of using the VR/visualization prototype system in reservoir engineering by visualizing the results of a waterflood in an oil field ~~th a ?~r~~.~imnneinnai, s~~t~ai!~ cnrr~lated ,,, ,",,",",, --. -.-.heterogeneous permeability field.


This thesis examines the relationship between artistic practice and pedagogy and the role of artist educators in galleries. It interrogates selected artists' and education curators' constructions of 'artists' in terms of their knowledge, skills and experience. It considers how these individuals perceive artists function as gallery educators and the influence of ga'llery context on their pedagogic practice. This qualitative research is designed as interlocking, tiered case studies; five artist educators operate within the community education programme at Tate Modern, London. Data comprises interviews and observations. A common focus on exploratory and reflective processes within research, art practice and learning is identified. The named participant researchers' active involvement in developing the research is outlined. These artists are constructed as 'conceptual investigators' who possess Intellectual and problem-solving expertise. Art practice and artist-led pedagogy are identified as corresponding experiential meaning making processes. The analysis reveals that artist educators draw on their experiences of making and looking at art and their artistic skills (which include looking, questioning and reflecting) when working in the gallery. To enable learners to connect with artworks, artist educators seek to 'teach' these skills through dialogic exchange, rather than transmit knowledge. In doing so they occupy multipleroles; facilitator, co-learner and instructor primarily, although they typically resist identifying themselves as teachers. Art practice informs Tate Modern's sanctioned education methodology, which in turn shapes artist educators' pedagogy. The artist educators' approach supports the community programme's aims to further learner engagement, but occupies an uncertain place within the


Poverty. The views expressed here are those of the authors alone. The authors thank the county child support staff, family court commissioners, law enforcement staff, and district attorneys who gave generously of their time and insights during the interview process. The authors also thank Andrea Den Otter and Julie Wang for their contributions to this report as well as Daniel R. Meyer and Maria Cancian for helpful discussions and suggestions.


The author suggests the methods for working out the professionally oriented system of the specialists in-formational training. The author describes the stages, the conditions and the means for designing the effec-tive educational model.


Diabetes mellitus is the single most important metabolic disease recognized worldwide as one of the leading cause of death and disability. The problem has reached pandemic proportions. Type 2 diabetes is the commonest form of diabetes constituting almost 90% of diabetic population. Prevalence of diabetes in the adults worldwide was estimated to be 4.0% in 1995 and expected to be 5.4% by the year 2025. Its incidence is higher in developing countries than developed countries. It has been estimated that presently 19.4 million individuals are affected by diabetes and these numbers are expected to increase to 57.2 million by the year 2025 (one-sixth of the world t o t a l ) . Wo r l d H e a l t h Organization (WHO) has already declared India as the


A reconnaissance soil survey was undertaken in sugarcane growing soils of Medak district of Telangana to evaluate the soil suitability characteristics for developing the strong soil resource database for proper appraisal of their productivity potential and their rational use. This study was an embodiment with an objective of land use options and crop suitability of some sugarcane growing red soils, red laterite soils and black soils. Land capability classification was done based on the inherent soil characteristics, external land features and environmental factors. The red and red laterite soils of sugarcane cane growing area fall under one land capability class with three subclasses, viz., 'III stef' and 'III tsdef' due to the limitations of slope, texture, soil depth, coarse fragments and soil fertility. The black soils fall under 'III swef' land capability sub-class due to the limitations of drainage, texture, erosion and soil fertility. Four fertility capability units were identified in the study area. The conditions modifiers identified in the study area were'd' dryness, 'v' high clay content, 'b' basic reaction, and 'h' acid but not Al-toxic. The condition modifier'd' dominated in its occurrence followed by the condition modifier 'h', 'v' and 'b'. The land evaluation for crop suitability indicated that the black soils were moderately suitable to highly suitable, red soils were marginally to moderately suitable and red laterite soils are marginally suitable for cultivation of sugarcane. Soil productivity can be improved by maintenance of enhanced soil fertility, addition of organic matter, proper drainage facilities, reduced sub surface crusting and erosion control practices.


The short version of opening exercises for the school year is that it's all our fault: the achievement gap exists because we teachers "don't believe all children can learn." At least, that's the way Ms. Darling remembers it. IT IS THE end of August, and the 2,000 teachers in my district are gathering in the civic auditorium for the opening exercises for the school year. The superintendent has sent us a welcome-back letter that states that "research tells us . . . that what we do as adults at the schools is twice as influential as student demographics." I e-mail her to ask for a citation to justify such an astonishing statement, and she promises to send it along. (After two months, I'm still waiting.) There's a huge banner above the auditorium entrance that trumpets "Beat the Gap." Some of the teachers hugging old friends wonder what in the world that means, but we Kappan readers know: it's that pesky achievement gap. There's a strange, not-so-funny cartoon on the program. It shows a landscape with a gaping chasm running diagonally from the lower left into the far distance of the upper right. The chasm is labeled Achievement Gap. The far side of the chasm seems to be a desert, while the near side has some flowers and an affectionate couple holding outsized books in their arms. The other major feature of this cartoon is a wide bridge made of books that spans the divide. Joyful children are shown sliding or jumping down from this bridge onto the fertile side. The bridge is labeled Literacy. Ah, literacy is the bridge that allows us to cross the achievement gap. Finally, and mysteriously, in the far distance the word Equity glows in the sky. It seems to be located at the end of the Achievement Gap, like a pot of gold. This last bit sums up quite succinctly what I think the problem is: the current rhetoric of "reform" touts equity as the goal, when it should be the starting point. Then the motivational speeches begin. The short version of the next two days is that it's all our fault: the achievement gap exists because we teachers "don't believe all children can learn." There will be no excuses made for why we can't push all our children across the achievement gap to the fertile side -- and, eventually, to equity, shining in the sky. The program we're given mentions these specific goals: "Ninety percent of students will read on grade level in third grade. One hundred percent of students will pass the High School Exit Exam in 12th grade." Is there anyone out there who thinks politicians will be pleased if all our seniors pass the exit exam? No, indeed. There will be strident demands to "raise the bar" to meet "world-class standards." And how can 90% read at grade level as measured by our norm-referenced test? It is constructed so that 50% of the test-takers will score below grade level (whatever that is). WE END the general festivities with an inspirational sing-along, after which we disperse to our schools for another day and a half of training. This consists, first, of reviewing the school handbook, which has 44 pages on the now-mandatory "mission, vision, and goals." (Even my hardware store has its mission posted. Don't we all know what hardware stores are for?) Then there are sections headed Rules, Discipline, Bulletin Boards, Disaster (14 pages), Yard Duty, and Lifeskills (37 pages). Then we have our Laser-Like Focus on Literacy (24 pages) and, finally, our K-6 Language Arts Standards (nine pages). We are also given two packets on "management," which presume adversarial, disrespectful, manipulative, fast-paced, entertaining, whole-class, frontal teaching. In the Newspeak of school reform, punishments have become "learning opportunities." As Frank Smith has said, "Skinner has won." Between the district and my school, we have a staggering seven "areas of focus," seven "strategic priorities," seven "core values" (the number is purely coincidental), five "goals for 2005," a "mission statement," four "literacy givens," 15 "life skills," a Self-Directed Improvement System(r) (note the trademark), and the "six essential elements of an effective literacy program. …


This paper aims to develop a comprehensive performance measurement model, which not only determines a manufacturing company's overall performance among in its industry but also obtains its strengths and weaknesses in various critical activities (areas). The proposed model has a hierarchical structure, which lets one to combine a company's performance level in critical areas with important industry-specific objectives and obtain a single overall performance score. On the other hand, the comparison of a company's performance in critical areas and objectives with respect to its competitors indicates the areas that should be improved in a quality improvement program.


This paper reports the results of a study that investigated students" differences in self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies among students of three different EFL achievement levels and between males and females. The subjects for this study were 16,526 first-year high school students who took the 2005 English Achievement Test (EAT) nationwide. Research results revealed significant differences by achievement level in the use of overall SRL strategies and of the three subcategories: behavioral control, cognitive strategy, and self-efficacy. More specifically, the high-achieving students reported greater use of SRL strategies than the mid-achieving students, who in turn reported greater use than the low-achieving students. In addition, girls surpassed boys in the use of overall SRL strategies and of the two subcategories: cognitive strategy and self-efficacy. This study suggests that girls as well as high-achieving students use the full spectrum of SRL strategies rather than one particular type.


The paper considers the problem of asymptotically driving, via feedback control, the attitude of a reaction wheels actuated spacecraft, whenever operating in failure mode. In this case the presence of only two active reaction wheels constrain the spacecraft angular velocity vector to lie on one of the aircraft coordinate planes. The presented analysis, though performed at a kinematic level only, however parallels the ones originally presented in Byrnes and Isidori (1991) and Tsioratis et al. (1995). In these works, the possibility of asymptotically and smoothly driving the system toward any final desired attitude was in fact proven (under the assumption of a zero initial spin rate along the unactuated axis). The basic aim of this paper is that of showing that with a more simple, and in a sense more natural, choice for the attitude parametrization, a much more simple form for a smooth feedback control law can be obtained, possibly characterized by more efficient qualities concerning its stabilizing properties and gain parameters tuning characteristics.


Found near the apical surface of cells in simple epithelia. Forms a sealing "gasket" around the cell by the fusion of adjacent cell membranes which encircle the apical cell surface like a belt or fence. Prevents fluid moving through the intercellular gap and the lateral diffusion of intrinsic membrane proteins between apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane as well as occludes the movement of solute molecules between cells. Various proteins components of this junction have been identified, but how they are linked to form the ultrastructure of the junction is not known.


Mar. 10, 1976. 8 pgs.

Editors: Cathleen Scott, Marney Gattinger
Business ManageR: Michael Landry
Photography Editor: Nancy Ker Bloom, Tony Caldwell, Peter Campbell
Entertainment Editor: Rob Williams
Cartoons: Ron Stermac
Production: Roberta Powers, Don MacKinnon, Barb Haig, Kim Wilde, Claure Uzielli, Louise Regan, KAthy Kelner, Denis Paquet, Marie Claire
Typists: Jennifer Wilks, Judi Nealon, Jane Hood, Kristin Saanum, Anne Marie Gallaugher, Mary-Jo Sheedy, Denise Merkle

Drache defends outgoing council by Mark Everard
OFS anti-cutbacks demonstration april 3
Wise words from Drache
GCSU -- smorgasbord by Peter Campbell
Letters
An open letter to the cast and crew of Othello
Speaking of critics by Louis Green
L'effet des rayons gamma by Jindra Rutherford
Une soiree magnifique by Sally Kilgour
Le temps enjoyed toronto; an intervierw by Bruce Maltby
Goodbye to Leafs by Don MacKinnon
La remise des Oscars - the academy awards by A. Niset
Yours in Jest by I.R. Joshen, I.M. Nott, I.C. Wye


In the era of humanoid robotics, navigation and path planning of humanoids in complex environments have always remained as one of the most promising area of research. In this paper, a novel hybridized navigational controller is proposed using the logic of both classical technique and computational intelligence for path planning of humanoids. The proposed navigational controller is a hybridization of regression analysis with adaptive particle swarm optimization. The inputs given to the regression controller are in the forms of obstacle distances, and the output of the regression controller is interim turning angle. The output interim turning angle is again fed to the adaptive particle swarm optimization controller along with other inputs. The output of the adaptive particle swarm optimization controller termed as final turning angle acts as the directing factor for smooth navigation of humanoids in a complex environment. The proposed navigational controller is tested for single as well as multiple humanoids in both simulation and experimental environments. The results obtained from both the environments are compared against each other, and a good agreement between them is observed. Finally, the proposed hybridization technique is also tested against other existing navigational approaches for validation of better efficiency.


This article endeavours to evaluate and critique the evidence and the associated limitations with many studies that look at time limits during the second stage of labour. It also seeks to examine the consequences of using delayed spontaneous pushing versus the Valsalva manoeuvre, in conjunction with time restraints in relation to maternal morbidities and neonatal complications. It discusses how midwives can best support and empower women in the second stage of labour and how information giving can lead to empowerment, informed decision making and woman's autonomy.


The adsorption isotherms of such organic dyes as methylene blue,crystal violet and aniline blue in water on palygorskite based on the purification of Jingyuan palygorskite clay were studied through static adsorption experiments,with a discussion on the thermodynamic characteristics. The results show that the equilibrium of the three kinds of dyes can be reached in about 30 minutes in the range of experiment temperatures,the adsorption isotherms of these three dyes on purified palygorskite fit Langmuir model fairly well,and the saturated adsorption capacities from Langmuir models are in order of crystal violetmethylene blueaniline blue. The adsorptions of the three dyes are all endothermic processes,the adsorption enthalpies of methylene blue,crystal violet and aniline blue are 15.52,9.26 and 2.59 kJ/mol,respectively; the adsorption Gibbs functions vary in the range of -35~-30 kJ/mol and the adsorption entropies are all positive values. The adsorption processes are spontaneous.


The structure of this volume is similar to that of Volume I. In his &dquo;Introduction&dquo; of eighty odd pages, Wilkinson effectively outlines major constitutional issues of the period, placing stress on crises and compromises. Then follow nine chapters of &dquo;Documents,&dquo; each chapter following the uniform pattern: (a) &dquo;Some Recent Books&dquo;; (b) &dquo;Introduction to the Documents&dquo;; (c) &dquo;Documents.&dquo; &dquo;Recent&dquo; is so broadly interpreted as


Higher order dual for Minimax fractional programming problem is formulated. Weak duality strong duality and converse duality theorems are discussed involving generalized higher order (F, α, ρ, d)– Type–I functions.


This report presents the results of a survey designed to identify pilot and organizational risk factors of having a controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) accident in Alaska. The population consisted of commercial (passenger and freight) Alaskan pilots. A 103-item questionnaire was developed covering the following domains: (1) organizational influences, (2) unsafe supervision, (3) preconditions for unsafe pilot acts, and (4) unsafe pilot acts. Pilots were pre-coded into one of two groups based on whether their current employer had experienced a CFIT accident within a five-year period (1992-1997). Response rates across both groups were 20%. Survey results revealed that having to fly in marginal weather conditions was a common experience for all respondents. However, pilots who worked for companies who had a CFIT accident rated their company's safety climate and practices significantly lower than pilots who worked for CFIT accident-free companies. Based on the survey results and considering the findings of the Aviation Safety in Alaska report (National Transportation Safety Board, 1995) the following recommendations were developed to reduce the number of CFIT accidents in Alaska: (1) increase pilot awareness of CFIT safety-related issues, (2) improve company safety culture, (3) improve pilot training in the environment in which they commonly fly, (4) improve weather briefings, and (5) eliminate pressure to complete a flight.


Marx's relative surplus is accompanied by the organic component of the capitalist society capital accumulation and capital have increased the population theory,has important theoretical guiding significance to the study of our country's current unemployed problem.The labor supply is greater than demand,adjustment of industrial structure,the progress of science and technology and the widespread application,the quality of the labor force and the demand of the market are the reasons of the unemployment problem in China's current.Its countermeasures mainly,to maintain stable economic growth,increase social wealth;play a demographic advantage,vigorously develop the tertiary industry;speed up technological innovation,promote the social division of labor;implementation of enlarging employment strategy,efforts to achieve full employment;reform the education system,improve the employability of workers.


A comparative study was conducted on the mid aged pure stands of Michelia fujianensis,Cunninghamia lanceolata and their mixed plantation in Jianou Municipality of Fujian Province to explore the influence of stand composition on the growth rate and biomass of the mid aged trees,as well as on the soil fertility.The results showed that the average DBH,average height and the average stocking of the Cunninghamia lanceolata individual trees in the mixed plantations was respectively increased by 2.3%,2.9% and 8.5% compared to those of in the pure plantation.The soil fertility indexes of the mixed plantations were generally higher than those pure stands of either tree species.The total biomass of the mixed plantations was the highest and the order of this index was mixed plantation(121.13 t/hm2) pure Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations(107.27 t/hm2) pure Michelia fujianensis plantations(84.50 t/hm2).


Liquid and plastic limit indexes are major one that reflect the physical property of clay soil.The whole process to test the indexes is very complicated and affected greatly by man-induced factor.By analyzing and researching the experiment data of some project in Zhuhai,it is found that the correlativity exists between the measured cone sinking depth and the corresponding water content.The above correlativity can be used to determine liquid and plastic limit water content under different standards,and advance the efficiency and data quality of soil experiment.


Reactive distillation columns are sometimes operated with an excess of one of the reactants, but this mode of operation may have the disadvantage of requiring the recovery and recycle of the reactant that is in excess. The flowsheet typically consists of a two-column system:  a reactive column and a recovery column. An alternative is to use a single reactive column that is operated "neat" (exact stoichiometric amounts of the reactants fed and consumed). The one-column process has lower capital investment and energy costs than the two-column system. However, Al-Arfaj and Luyben1 recently explored the control of a one-column "neat" system and demonstrated that a composition analyzer may be required to detect the inventory of one of the reactants so that the fresh feed can be adjusted. Because composition analyzers are expensive and sometimes unreliable, the economic advantages of the single-column system need to be assessed. The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively compare the single-column (neat oper...


The paper reviews the recent technical challenges of advanced digital modulations and multiplexings based on digital signal processors (DSPs). Several recent works demonstrated the feasibility of the over 10Tbps-class OTN that supports client signals with 100Gbps and beyond.


In this paper, we investigate one-dimensional generalized Benjamin-Ono equation,
\begin{eqnarray}
u_t+\mathcal{H}u_{xx}+u^{4}u_x=0,x\in\mathbb{T},
\end{eqnarray}
and prove the existence of quasi-periodic solutions with two frequencies. The proof is based on partial Birkhoff normal form and an unbounded KAM theorem developed by Liu-Yuan[Commun.Math.Phys.307(2011)629-673].


Handwritten letter by Blanche Perry entitled "Interpretation of Church of Christ Baptistry, Hialeah, Fla." Letter mentions the assistance of Mrs. Nina D. McCarty. Painting theme: God's Handiwork. Symbols mentioned include sun, light, dove shaped cloud, cross, water, trees, rocks, birds and flowers.


In the present work we have optimized the gas sensing performances of wet chemically synthesized Mg0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nano‐structures (in the form of nano‐powders (0‐d), nano‐tubes (1‐d), thin films (2‐d) and embedded nano‐tubes into anodized alumina) in terms of sensitivity, response/recovery times, stability and selectivity in presence of H2, CO, CH4, and N2O gases. It has been demonstrated that the change in surface morphology significantly influences the gas sensing characteristics of these semiconducting spinel ferrite sensing elements. The adsorption and desorption characteristic of the test gases during the gas sensing process are investigated by modeling the conductance transients using Langmuir adsorption isotherm. These analyses revealed that for the test gases, the values of the heat of adsorption, concentration dependence of the response time constants, and the activation energies for adsorption and desorption processes are distinctly different. It is also revealed that the principal component anal...


The article deals with the actual problem of the speech etiquette. The systematic work concerning the development of learners' culture of speech behavior consists of four stages. Each stage involves certain minimum of grammatical formulas and phrases as the case may require. It is considered to be the main constituent part of communicative competence.


The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) seems to have become ubiquitous and to be understood all around the world. Not only has it become ubiquitous, but also it has become seen as a positive aspect of corporate behaviour. It seems therefore to have become generally accepted by businesses and their managers, by governments and their agencies, and by the general public that there is considerable benefit in engaging in CSR (Crowther & Seifi, 2010). Consequently every organisation is increasingly going to have its CSR policy that will have been translated into activity. Although many people remain cynical about the genuineness of such corporate activity, the evidence continues to mount that corporations are actually engaging in such socially responsible activity, not least because they recognise the benefits which accrue. It seems therefore that the battle is won and everyone accepts the need for CSR activity – all that remains for discussion is how exactly to engage in such activity and how to report upon that activity. Even this has been largely addressed through such vehicles as GRI and the forthcoming ISO 26000.


As expert systems become more commonplace in the business curriculum, it is helpfa.l to learn from others in teaching the expert systems course. Over the past ten years, the author has been teaching an Applied Expert Systems course in the School of Business and Public Management at.George Washington University. This paper shares some of the lessons learned from these experiences in terms of administrative-, content-, and project-related issues and considerations associated with teaching the expert systems course.


Thesis in the first part characterises social services, their development, types and forms of social services, their founders, providers and users, financing, community planning and quality criteria according to the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Czech Republic. The following chapter deal with the town Bystřice nad Pernstejnem, social services that are offered and community planning, which was realized in Bystřice. The last two chapters describe the findings identified through analysis of documents, interviews with citizens of Bystřice and with head of Social affairs and health department of Bystřice municipality. They describe the course of used research methods. They contain information on social services provided in Bystřice, Bystřice citizens awareness of this services and possibilities of improvement. It further states criteria of quality social services planning according to the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Czech Republic.


The damping rings of a future linear collider will have demanding alignment and stability requirements in order to achieve the low vertical emittance necessary for high luminosity. The Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at KEK has successfully demonstrated the vertical emittance below 5 pm that is specified for the GLC/NLC Main Damping Rings. One contribution to this accomplishment has been the use of Beam Based Alignment (BBA) techniques. The mode of operation of the ATF presents particular challenges for BBA, and we describe here how we have deduced the offsets of the BPMs with respect to the quadrupoles. We also discuss a technique that allows for direct measurements of the beam-to-quad offsets.


This is a directory that covers the 6000 awards and grants worldwide, for postgraduates, young professionals, mature students and advanced scholars. It also lists international competitions, retreats for writers and performance opportunities for many kinds of artists. For each award the book details the number of awards, their frequency and value, details of tenure, subject areas covered by the award, eligibility requirements and how, when and where to apply. The subject index lists the awards by both subject and eligibility. A separate index lists all the agencies and organizations which administer funds, and also gives the names of well-known awards. The appendices list other awarding bodies which may also offer awards and those which have recently stopped giving grants.