The phylum Planctomycetes is involved in important processes, such as the mineral- ization of algal biomass and the removal of nitrogen. Using a combination of 16S rRNA sequence analysis and in situ hybridization, we analyzed the diversity and dynamics of Planctomycetes in a shallow meso-eutrophic lake, Lago di Paola, Italy. Planctomycetes detected by the probe PLA46 accounted for 1 to 5% of prokaryotic picoplankton. Abundances were higher in the coastal lake than in the adjacent marine waters. In the surface waters of the lake, the numbers of Plancto- mycetes fluctuated greatly, reaching a maximum of 1.5 × 10 6 cells ml �1 in July. The hypoxic bottom waters had less variable cell abundances. The Planctomycetes counts were positively correlated with chlorophyll a concentrations, confirming the role of this phylum in the degradation of algal biomass. We obtained 70 almost full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of Planctomycetes from 2 libraries. Four distinct clades could be identified. The Pirellula-related group F and the uncultured Planctomycetes group B both had the highest identity with sequences retrieved from marine habi- tats, whereas the Pirellula-related group E was affiliated with sequences known from freshwater and brackish water environments. The Planctomyces-related group A seems to have a wide habi- tat range. Catalyzed reported deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization with newly developed probes revealed abundances of the 4 clades in surface and bottom waters ranging from 1 × 10 3 to 5 × 10 4 cells ml �1 . Together, the 4 clade-specific probes identified only about a quarter of the Planctomycetes detected by probe PLA46. This indicates that the diversity of Planctomycetes has not yet been fully explored.


ABSTRACT This article examines the history and cultural significance of the Chongwu Army Temple in Fujian Province, which is dedicated to the religious worship of 27 Chinese Communist soldiers. Placing this temple in the context of the coastal defence culture of southeast China, the article argues that the deification of fallen Communist soldiers is not a modern invention and is not as incongruous as it may at first appear. Rather, it is a continuation of the tradition of 'apotheosis', or the elevation of great people to divine status, which continues to flourish in grassroots religious life in Chinese society and elsewhere. While the military and government treat the temple as a political resource, it remains a site of active worship for local people, and the religious and political dimensions may sometimes align in a mutually accepted narrative. Thus, local cultural history and religious traditions, as well as the complexities of local politics and civil–military relations, are highly relevant to the study of China's grassroots religious revivals.


At present, due to the high redundancy and strong coupling characteristics of mobile manipulator systems, there are few and in-depth studies on coordinated motion planning. Aiming at the above problems, this paper proposes a coordinated control algorithm that can track the desired trajectory of the end-effector based on a class of 5-DOF mobile manipulators. The algorithm takes the power consumption and trajectory stability of the entire system as the optimization objectives, and sets the function of the selected optimization objective on the desired trajectory, and performs optimization based on the interior point method of convex optimization to converge to the optimal solution faster. Finally, the system is simulated to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the control algorithm.


THE SUBJECTS FURNISHED FOR THIS DOCUMENT BY HSRI ARE: PREVENTIVE MEASURES, ACCIDENT: ABUTMENTS, ROADSIDE, WAYS (ROADS): ABSORPTION, PHENOMENA, PHYSICAL ASPECT: ENERGY: TRAFFIC, ENGINEERING, DISCIPLINES: FIELD EXPERIMENT, NATURE OF STUDY,STUDY-REPORT TYPE.


Abstract : The Intelligence Community has taken on the tough job of reducing the uncertainty that coalition task force commanders must face in conducting military operations other than war (MOOTW). Intelligence support to Bosnia peace operations presents a useful case study. The considerable efforts in Bosnia since 1992 have been well grounded in sound doctrine; however, this is not readily apparent because no subset of doctrine has been promulgated for coalition MOOTW. These precepts of such a needed subset have emerged from the Bosnia experience: (1) create an organization responsive to the commander's requirements that produces timely and accurate finished intelligence; (2) emphasize application of national and operational intelligence resources downward; (3) build communications connectivity up and down echelon to better disseminate intelligence; (4) acknowledge the enemy may be unknown, ambiguous, or not exist; (5) exploit tactical intelligence as it assumes a greater role, at times to the exclusion of national intelligence; (6) expect available resources to be scarce at some level; (7) adjust to national or organizational cultural differences; (8) unify effort; (9) emphasize sharing; (10) provide for complementary operations; (11) conduct liaison exchange; and (12) play the facilitating role of wilderness guide. Because of the burgeoning need for this new doctrine, it is time to codify our Bosnia experience. The coherence this doctrine lends intelligence support will enable the Commander to quickly orient his forces to a situation and step out smartly in the right direction. Intelligence support based on this doctrine will do what it is supposed to do--show the Commander the forest by guiding him through the trees.


This paper presents a deletion game on graphs, called "Le Pic Arete." Two players alternately remove an edge of a given graph. A player gets one point each time he isolates a vertex (so that he gets at most two points by edge deletion). When no edge remains, the player with the maximum number of points is declared the winner. For instance, if we consider this game on a grid, we have a variant of the famous "Dots and Boxes" game. Our study consists of finding an approximation of the value of any game configuration, i.e., the difference between the numbers of points attainable by both players (when each player is supposed to play his best strategy).


Start based on patient motion is determined from the cross-correlation between the patient flow and patient pressure, it performs a periodic operation or medical ventilators and artificial respiration to both of these. Further, by controlling a medical ventilator, the exhalation phase of the breathing cycle when the traveling, increasing the sensitivity to the patient starting trigger. Further, the present invention is applicable to adjust the period of reference for optimizing the period of operation. .FIELD 1


I have studied the effects of polydispersity in systems of hard-sphere, colloidal PMMA particles with and without short-range attraction. In hard-sphere, colloidal systems, the parameter controlling phase behaviour is φ, the volume fraction of colloids in the solvent. As φ increases in polydisperse systems, theory predicts a transition from a single phase fluid to a fluid coexisting with a solid (crystal), to a fluid coexisting with multiple solid phases. By considering a volume fraction series of particles with 12% polydispersity and comparing the results with previous experimental results and predictions of the volume fractions within the coexistence regions, we concluded that this system may be exhibiting both fluid-solid and fluid-solid-solid behaviour within the experimental coexistence region. Theory also predicts that coexisting phases in polydisperse hard-sphere systems will fractionate: they will contain different particle size distributions (psds). This was investigated by directly measuring psds for one sample within the coexistence region at different time points. The results show that no statistically significant size fractionation was present after 28 days but by 120 days the solid phase contained a slightly narrower distribution of larger particles than the coexisting fluid phase. At φ higher than the coexistence region in this polydisperse system, the expected coexisting solids are not observed. Instead, a novel, non-equilibrium phase is present. The dynamics were probed using 3-dimensional dynamic light scattering, which confirmed the non-equilibrium nature of the phase: significant dynamical heterogeneities and anomalous ageing behaviour were present. These experimental dynamics are compared with dynamics obtained from simulations of different hard-sphere psds, including the experimental particle size distribution. The effect of adding a short-range, depletion attraction to a polydisperse colloidal


Cathodoluminescence in the scanning electron microscope is used to investigate growth and process induced defects in GaSb crystals. In particular, luminescence emission has been used to study the nature of acceptor defects present after different annealing and irradiation treatments.


To the Editor.— McGuffin et al 1 used what they purported to be our criteria for schizophrenia and found them to be unreliable and "unsatisfactory for detecting the familiality of schizophrenia." Our response is as follows. 1. We substantially revised our criteria in 1978 2 by adding the requirements of first-rank symptoms and a clear consciousness to the inclusion criteria, and the presence of diagnosable affective disorder to the exclusion criteria, and by requiring the presence of only one (rather than all three) inclusion criterion for a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Nonetheless, McGuffin et al chose to use our 1975 criteria 3 ; what was their rationale for doing so? 2. Our 1975 criteria were not accurately portrayed by McGuffin et al. We nowhere referred to "incoherent speech," but specified "blocking, nonsequiturs, neologisms, word approximations, and verbigeration" as the types of formal thought disorder required. A "restricted affect" alone could not satisfy our


Free amino acids in water extracts and total amino acids in hydrolystates of Deer Horn were analyzed by amino acid autoanalyzer (Technicon PNC-1 Type). The results obtained from this study are as follows ; 1) 17 kinds of amino acid, including 7 kinds of essential amino acid in human nutrition except tryptophan were identified and quantified. 2) Of all free amino acid contained in water extract, glutamic acid is the richest, and then comes Ala, Gly, Leu, Lys, valin in that order. Of all total amino acid which are closely related with nutritional valuation glycin is the richest, and then comes Glu, Lys, Ala, Leu, Ala, Pro, in that order. 3) Besides 17 kinds of amino acid, one kinds of unknown amino acid are found in water extracts and hydrolysates.


In this paper, we consider a relative position control problem for a satellite formation flying system in a noncoplarnar and elliptical orbit. It is assumed that the angular rate and angular acceleration are not known, but they are bounded. The system dynamics is designed with the bounded uncertain parameters. In the presence of input saturation, we develop a state feedback controller that guarantees stability of the system. Linear matrix inequality (LMI) conditions are proposed to design the feedback controller. Finally, numerical simulation is presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed controller.


The efferent connections of the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNv) of the albino rat and the cat have been studied using the autoradiographic method for tracing axonal pathways. Following the injection of 3H‐proline or 3H‐leucine into the LGNv of the rat, label transported in the rapid phase of axonal flow was found bilaterally in the olivary pretectal nuclei, the lateral terminal nuclei of the accessory optic system, and the ventral portion of the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus, and ipsilaterally in the rostrolateral portion of the superior colliculus. Since these regions are known to receive a direct projection from the retina, comparisons have been made of the distribution of silver grains in autoradiographs of each region following injections of 3H‐proline into the eye and into the LGNv; in every nuclear region except the superior colliculus the grain distributions were found to overlap precisely and, in the suprachiasmatic nuclei there also appears to be a similarity in the relative intensity of the input to the nuclei on the two sides. In the superior colliculus, the retinal fibers end mainly within the more superficial laminae, whereas those from the LGNv are distributed mainly to the deeper layers where they overlap the projection from the striate and peristriate cortex. The LGNv has also been found to project to the zona incerta on the same side and to the contralateral LGNv, In the cat a similar set of projections to the lateral terminal nuclei of the accessory optic tract, the suprachiasmatic nuclei, and the pretectal areas of both sides has been found, together with a projection to the ipsilateral superior colliculus and the zona incerta of both sides. No evidence could be found in either species for a projection from the LGNv to the visual cortex.


Composition teaching is an important part of Chinese teaching,and the primary position of integrative Chinese diathesis training for students.Nevertheless,because of various reasons in rural junior middle schools,the efficiency of composition teaching and the level of students' composition writing are low.This paper aims at analyzing the actuality that total low-level composition writing of rural junior middle school students,the reasons induced the status,and putting forward that we should envisage the actuality,integrate the character of rural junior middle schools,seek the truth and deal with concrete matters relating to work to let students' composition incarnate their feature and improve the writing level of rural junior middle school students.


In this paper we present a model-based testing approach where we integrate UML, UML-B and the Qtronic test generator tool, with the purpose of increasing the quality of models used for test generation via formal verification. The architectural and behavioral models of the system under test (SUT) are specified in UML and UML-B, respectively. UMLB provides UML-like visualization with precise mathematical semantics. UML-B models are developed in a stepwise manner which are then automatically translated into Event-B specifications that can be proved using theorem provers. Once the formal models are proved, they are transformed into QML which is a modeling language used by the test generation tool.


lieved the sugar to be chiefly formed, employing also emetics, narcotics, and tonics. Rollo thus laid the foundation of that system of treating diabetes which still prevails, which, mainly dietetic, consists also largely in the administration of tonics and narcotics. In France this theory and treatment were adopted by M. Bouchardat (1841), who further showed that, for the complete conversion of starch into sugar, from seven to eight times its weight of water is


This paper describes the development of a non‐mechanically encoded, simple, field‐worthy air‐coupled ultrasonic scanning system that gives quantitative information about the size of damage and underlying structure in composite and aluminum aerospace structures. The system consists of the AIRSCAN® air‐coupled ultrasonic testing system, the Flock of Birds® real‐time motion tracking equipment, a lightweight composite yoke, and laptop PC with data acquisition and processing software. Through transmission C‐scan images are generated manually by moving transducers attached to a yoke across the part's surface. The prototype has produced images for a variety of aircraft composite and metal honeycomb structures containing flaws, damages, and repairs. Field tests on commercial and military aircraft as well as rotor blades have begun. Initial test results are shown.


Welcome to the fourth issue of the European Journal of Archaeology for 2014. Here, we present six general articles and eleven book reviews, which extend plenteously from the Lower Palaeolithic right through to the twentieth century. Below, I summarize and evaluate their significance to the archaeology of Europe. Jaroslav Řídký and his colleagues from the Prague Institute of Archaeology seek to understand how the multiple enclosure ditches of Late Neolithic rondels in the Czech Republic were filled. Focussing on artefactual and chronological data from the recently excavated sites of Kolín and Vchynice in Bohemia, they identify a combination of natural and cultural formation processes—unrelated to the original use of the rondels and operating on different timescales. In general, the bases of the ditches were filled rapidly by natural sedimentation, the central portions were then filled gradually by natural and cultural processes, while eventually the upper parts were filled quickly by refuse from adjacent post-Neolithic settlements. This basic model could now be expanded further to explore the relationship between the ditches, the centre of the rondels, and their surrounding micro-regions. Helle Vandkilde considers how, in the Bronze Age of southern Scandinavia, the southern lowland zone (in Denmark and Scania in southernmost Sweden) came to form a unified, transformative, cultural 'hot spot' region characterized archaeologically by a clustering of Nordic-type metalwork (made with central and Atlantic European copper), in contrast to a metalwork-poor northern zone characterized by a rich tradition of rock art. More specifically, she examines how the formation of this hybrid Nordic Bronze Age was energized by transcultural connections with the distant Carpathian Basin (itself stimulated by cultural changes in the Aegean initiated by the catastrophic Theran eruption), particularly at around 1600 BC, along which flowed a novel set of objects, warrior ideology and cosmology. Leaving aside the inevitable chronological quibbles, this is an excellent interpretative article, which integrates substantial empirical knowledge of the European Bronze Age with some important theoretical concepts. Ben Raffield discusses the deposition of weapons in English rivers and wetlands during the Viking Age, building upon the ideas of Julie Lund. He argues that, despite Christianity having dominated England for some time, the arrival of the Scandinavians in the ninth to eleventh centuries triggered a marked resurgence in ritual depositions of a deep-rooted pagan nature, particularly along the liminal, watery margins of landscapes that were subject to conflict and control. He also suggests that these depositions might have been made not only by Scandinavian groups but also by Anglo-Saxon groups. In this way, Raffield contributes to on-going debates about ritual practice, hybridity and the Viking diaspora. However, specialists might wish to question the binary oppositions of Christian/pagan and Viking/non-Viking that seem to underpin his account. European Journal of Archaeology 17 (4) 2014, 577–578


School-enterprise cooperation plays an import role in higher vocational education and it is necessary for the professional courses to show their position-relevance and practicality. Taking Foreign Trade English Correspondence in higher vocational colleges as an example,the article expounds the deep school-enterprise cooperation by means of developing teaching materials,implementing course teaching and practical training and cultivating teaching staff to achieve mutual benefit and win-win result among the higher vocational college,enterprise,students and teaching staff.


An axle disconnect assembly comprises an axle housing assembly. The axle housing assembly comprises a carrier housing, and a first end cap and the second end cap that are installed on the carrier housing. The first end cap and the carrier housing are cooperated to define a speed differential chamber for holding a speed differential assembly. The second end cap and the carrier housing are cooperated to define a clutch chamber for carrying a clutch. A spindle connects the first speed differential output with the input of a clutch component in a drive manner. A first output component is connected to rotate along with the second output of a speed differential device, and a second output component is connected to rotate along with the output of the clutch. The spindle is received by a tubular part through the carrier housing.


The initial stage of Rodinia supercontinent break-up occurred at about 750 Ma. It preceded formation of the Irkutsk and Franklin Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs)at 712 ± 2 Ma to 739 ± 8 Ma. These LIPs were emplaced within the formerly connected Laurentian and Siberian cratons. The Kingash massif is located in the Precambrian Kan terrane in direct contact with the Siberian Craton at its southwestern boundary. It has been linked to an important suite of mafic-ultramafic intrusions which border the southern margin of the Siberian craton, and which have been inferred to belong to the Irkutsk LIP. The massif is also significant, because it hosts PGE-Cu-Ni rich mineralization and is the only large deposit in the region. However, despite numerous dating attempts, the age of the massif had not been resolved. A significant difficulty is post-magmatic recrystallization at amphibolite facies that affected the rocks of the massif.
 In this study we used U-Pb dating of zircon, titanite and apatite from rocks of the Kingash massif and cross-cutting granite and monzonite veins. The oldest igneous zircon grain of the Kingash massif analysed by LA-ICPMS yields an age of c. 750 Ma, taken as a tentative age of magmatism. Dating of multiple grains of metamorphic zircon by CA-ID-TIMS yielded 564.8 ± 2.2 Ma, which is in agreement with LA-ICPMS titanite ages 557 ± 19 Ma, 565 ± 35 Ma and 551 ± 17 Ma. Apatite of two different samples showed ages of 496.4 ± 7.9 Ma and 497.0 ± 1.8 Ma (LA-ICPMS), which are interpreted as the time when the terrane cooled below the closure temperature of apatite.
 Using our new data we suggest that at the time of the Irkutsk-Franklin LIP event the Kan terrane was a part of Rodinia, then it separated from either Siberia or Laurentia during the break-up of Rodinia and finally collided with Siberia at 560 Ma; the time of regional amphibole facies metamorphism.


In this paper, we investigate different routes to lower drastically the amount of methylaluminoxane (MAO) required to activate racEt(Ind) 2 ZrX 2 catalysts towards olefin polymerization. A first approach consists in replacing Cl ligands by more easily extractable X groups such as Me, CH 2 Ph or NMe 2 groups. A second method focuses on the preparation of TMA-depleted MAO either by pumping off TMA from commercial MAO or by exploring new synthetic source to MAO via non-hydrolytic processes such as the reaction of TMA with benzophenone. Both methods allowed us to produce polyolefins with a maximal catalytic activity for Al/Zr ratios not exceeding 150, i.e. ratio 20 times lower than those required in the presence of commercial MAO.


Background: Chaperonin GroEL assists in the folding of substrate proteins by encapsulating them into the cavity. Results: The truncation of flexible C-terminal residues resulted in the failure of the efficient encapsulation of substrates in the single ring variant. Conclusion: C-terminal residues function as a barrier between two rings of GroEL. Significance: Uncovering the role of C-terminal tails is critical for understanding the mechanism of chaperonin. Chaperonin GroEL from Escherichia coli consists of two heptameric rings stacked back-to-back to form a cagelike structure. It assists in the folding of substrate proteins in concert with the co-chaperonin GroES by incorporating them into its large cavity. The mechanism underlying the incorporation of substrate proteins currently remains unclear. The flexible C-terminal residues of GroEL, which are invisible in the x-ray crystal structure, have recently been suggested to play a key role in the efficient encapsulation of substrates. These C-terminal regions have also been suggested to separate the double rings of GroEL at the bottom of the cavity. To elucidate the role of the C-terminal regions of GroEL on the efficient encapsulation of substrate proteins, we herein investigated the effects of C-terminal truncation on GroE-mediated folding using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a substrate. We demonstrated that the yield of in-cage folding mediated by a single ring GroEL (SR1) was markedly decreased by truncation, whereas that mediated by a double ring football-shaped complex was not affected. These results suggest that the C-terminal region of GroEL functions as a barrier between rings, preventing the leakage of GFP through the bottom space of the cage. We also found that once GFP folded into its native conformation within the cavity of SR1 it never escaped even in the absence of the C-terminal tails. This suggests that GFP molecules escaped through the pore only when they adopted a denatured conformation. Therefore, the folding and escape of GFP from C-terminally truncated SR1·GroES appeared to be competing with each other.


We aimed to assess whether using long stem femoral components, with cemented distal fixation and proximal impaction grafting allows early patient mobilisation, reconstitution of the proximal femur and long term stability of fixation in patients with aseptic loosening and proximal femoral analysis.

Over the past ten years 239 patients have been treated with an Elite Plus cemented long stem femoral implant, 33% with concomitant proximal impaction bone grafting. Many of the patients had co-morbidities. The average age at revision was 72 years (range 48 to 91). There was a slight female predominance. Fourteen percent of hips had been previously revised. Forty-eight patients were deceased and 22 were not available for follow-up; this left a cohort of 169 patients who were available for radiological and questionnaire review at an average of 4.5 years.

According to the Paprosky grading for pre-operative bone loss 40% had moderate to severe bone loss (grade IIIb or IV). The Barrack grading was used to assess the cement mantle post-operatively with 65% showing good cementation. The Harris and O'Neill grades were used at final review to assess probability of loosening with only 8% being probably or definitely loose. The average Oxford Hip Score was 29. Mesh ± cables were required in a third of cases to allow adequate containment and pressurisation. It was generally felt that the long stem needed to be at least one third longer than the initial component. The re-revision rate was 1.2 with a 10 year survivorship analysis of 94%. The complication rate of almost 6% included periprosthetic fractures, dislocations, infection and mesh breakage.

A long stem cemented femoral implant can be useful in bypassing proximal femoral deficiency in the appropriate patient.


World Bank (1984) for instance defined the domestic labour subcontracting DLS as a union of activities that leads to the construction of buildings at relatively low-cost. This study was conducted to explore the role of labour-only subcontracting in the housing delivery in Ghana and the factors that drive this system, Tamale Metropolis was the research area. The significant of this study is to help the government, clients, contractors and other stake holders in the building industry appreciate how the use of labour-only subcontracting can improve the supply of housing in the Ghanaian building industry. Descriptive survey design with quantitative methods was utilized. The researcher used purposive sampling technique to sample 190 individual house owners whiles census technique was adopted to use the 42 estate developers in the Metropolis for the study. Two separate questionnaires were used which was a 5-point likert scale to gather data to address the research question. The instruments were pilot tested and the reliability coefficients were estimated to be .893 and .843 for the individual house owners and estate developers respectively. The statistical tools adopted for the analysis of the research question were means and standard deviations, frequencies and percentages for the demographic data. Independent sample t-test tool was used to determine whether there was any statistically significant difference between the estate developers and the individual house owners sampled in relation to the drivers of labour-only subcontracting. The data analyzed showed that there was no statically significant difference between the two groups. The findings of the study showed that an increase in productivity, quality and cooperation, highly flexibility and convenience and lack of ready funds/cash were identified as the major drivers of the labour-only subcontracting. It is recommended that the necessary policies be implemented to create training centers in the country with proper regulatory measures to ensure that the youth build much more skills to meet modern requirements.


ABSTRACT The delphacid genus Nilaparvata, previously recorded in the New World only from Puerto Rico and Nicaragua, is here reported from a variety of localities from Wisconsin and New Hampshire in the United States, south to Bolivia and Paraguay. Euides gerhardi is here transferred to Nilaparvata, and a revised key and diagnoses for the four New World species are provided.


Six-person mock civil juries awarded significantly larger amounts for damages than did 12-person juries, and individuals preferred even larger average awards. A reversal of the ''deep-pockets bias'' observed earlier, an explanation involving temporal fluctuation in normative standards, during the rime interval between the studies, was supported by independent data showing temporal trends in actual civil trial awards. A computational model of consensus that assumed a strong majority of those members with the most similar (closest) personal Preferences decided on the median of their preferences accurately predicted award magnitude. Computer simulations explored the effects of critical faction size (majority, etc.) and location within the group, features that might in turn depend on task environment, cultural dynamics, and social context.


BACKGROUND
Entada phaseoloides (Linn.) Merr. (Family: Fabaceae) is a well-known, traditional, medicinal plant that has been extensively used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for centuries to combat a wide range of ailments.

OBJECTIVE
The goal of this work was to investigate the bioactive constituents from n-butanol extracts of Entada. phaseoloides and develop a method for the comprehensive characterization of saponins using liquid chromatography with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS).

METHODS
A hyphenated technique, ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS), has been proposed to integrate LC and MS together with NMR for structural elucidation. This method allowed comprehensive characterization of saponin glycosides from E. phaseoloides based on their MS/MS fragmentation study.

RESULTS
The phytochemical study of E. phaseoloides resulted in the isolation and identification of three bio-active constituents. Further, the UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method led the structure elucidation of saponin constituents directly from crude extracts via comparison of the exact molecular masses from their MS/MS spectra. Identified common fragments m/z 648, 630, 498, 366, and 204 were used for the screening of saponin components.

CONCLUSIONS
The present study summarizes the isolation and identification of bio-compounds from n-butanol extract and the demonstration of UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis for the characterization of compounds in complex crude extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic study in structural characterization on complex saponins and other metabolites from crude extract of E. phaseoloides using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MSE.

HIGHLIGHTS
Rapid analysis and characterizations of three new saponins from E. phaseoloides using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MSE were tentatively identified based on the mass fragmentation study.


This paper presents three kinds of coverage rates, including the averaged coverage rate, the interference conditional coverage rate and the signal conditional coverage rate, to evaluate the performance of adaptive arrays. The coverage rate is the probability of the reception of the desired signal against certain interference scenarios. Numerical results demonstrate that coverage rates can describe the performance of adaptive arrays more comprehensively than other measures such as the array output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and the interference loss. A brief discussion on hardware measurements and measurement errors shows the usefulness of coverage rates in practice.


The main aim of this article is to present and to clarify some details of shipboard incinerators and to show how to satisfy their basic design requirements. In this sense, technical and ecological aspects for the design and construction of shipboard incinerators are described. In scope of this, operating requirements are discussed that have to be satisfied in order to accomplish the efficient thermal destruction of wastes. Incinerators considered are those intended for thermal destruction of garbage and other shipboard wastes generated during the ship's normal service, with capacities up to 1500 kW and without the flue gas heat recovery. Calculations are presented that are derived for the case of a typical ship' s waste classification according to IIA (Incinerator Institute of America). Results of a case calculation for the incinerator capacity of 80 kg/h of liquid and solid ship' s waste are presented, too.


With so many variations in the number of smartphones in the market  makes it difficult to choose. Therefore, it is necessary to make a recommendation system that can help the process of selecting a smartphone. For the system of recommendation used the method weihgted product. Weighted product method is a method frequently used in the Multi- Criteria Decision Making. Weighted product method capable of finding the best sequence of several alternatives, with criteria price, size, type of OS, RAM size, processor speed, storage capacity, the ability of photography, and the battery capacity. To test user satisfaction is conducted survey of 30 respondents, with Likert scale and  Cronbach Alpha. The figures obtained was 0.70, indicating that the system got quite good feedback from respondents.


To design an effective interceptor for a string of reentry vehicles (RV's) released by a post-boost vehicle (PBV), it is necessary to have information about possible geometries of the string when it reaches a given altitude above the target. The geometry of the string, assumed for simplicity to contain three RV's, is determined by the motion of the PBV which is controlled by varying its thrust direction. Of interest in this study is maximizing the curvature of the string, which is represented by the distance of RV{sub 2} from the line joining RV{sub 1} and RV{sub 3} when RV{sub 1} reaches the intercept attitude, subject to the constraints that all three RV's must land within 3000 ft distance of the target. The maximum curvature problem is formulated as a parameter optimization problem and solved by a nonlinear programming code known as GRG2. The thrust angles are assumed to be piecewise linear, and a total of 21 parameters is used. The maximum curvature is shown to be approximately 2900 ft. 4 refs., 8 figs.


1. IntroductionOver time, all the countries of the world have faced crises, at least on a minor level. Under the new economic circumstances, lot of facts and situations are far from normal compared to traditional conditions. Value has deteriorated, its place taken by vice and counterfeited items, transforming the natural to the unnatural, the normal to the abnormal, a state of health to a pathological condition. Crisis is everywhere. It is not connected to only one field; it is a plague generating a chaotic perturbation of the entire system especially of the transport and logistics systems.The conventional transport system in Romania cannot remain the same, and new understandings are required at all levels - environmental, institutional and societal - generating new approaches and behaviors that can lead to another paradigm of development.This paper presents a complex and realistic view of the limits of today's transport and logistics systems in Romania and its chronic problems, which have evolved over time as a result of wrong management everywhere. This is accompanied by complex examples from all fields of activity.An exact identification of the current circumstances is necessary to establish the exact way that the authorities should go. The economic effects that are regarding the downturn of the economy are superficially understood by the local and central authorities from Romania. Outside the economic analyses I present in this research article I tried to better explain and present the negative effects of the crisis that Romania is facing.2. Literature ReviewWeb-based information is accessible to all companies that want to develop their business and to implement new intelligent solutions that have the meaning to improve their economic performance (Davenport and Prusaka, 1998).The knowledge based socio economy is more and more emerging due to all changes that appear on IT tools, even if we talk about software or simple hardware or used technologies, in one word innovation. Most of the things that are now granted in our lives appeared as an innovation for the first time (Backus, 2001).Social innovation refers to all the services and activities that are motivated by the objective to meet a social need. Usually, innovation is generated by an idea that is not being met and ideas are generated by needs that consist in finding for alternatives and solutions (Dawes, 2008).The place where the network intelligence and technology is embedded is called smart communities. A smart community is defined as a geographical area ranging in size from a neighborhood to a multicounty region which citizens, organizations, and governing institutions deploy an NICT (National Institute of Information and Communications Technology) to transform their region in significant and fundamental ways (Eger, 1997).Around this concept of intelligent solutions, were launched do the terms related to the analysis of economic data and consumer behavior such as: business performance management (BPM), business process management (BPM), corporate performance management (CPM), business activity monitoring (BAM) (Whiting, 2003).Communities should become interlinked, and they must be viewed and treated as parts of a local ecosystem where interests converge as communities grow. This is the path proposed by the concept of smart communities (Bovaird, 2003).In modern society everybody plays a determining role in the economy. All elements of society - from small communities to professional organizations, informal structures to state governments, state governments to alliances and coalitions - are part of the decision-making system for development towards normality and prosperity. Policies and strategies only make sense in a dynamic world, with its contradictions and conflicts- and their aim is to rule, namely, the use the state of conflict status for the stability and security of the society. …


[Objective]To study the etiology and treatment of hiccup in order to enhance the understanding of it.[Methods] The clinical data of 68 patients with hiccup from September 2008 to September 2009 were analyzed for the etiology. All patients were randomly divided into group A (23cases),group B (22cases) and group C (23cases). When treated the protopathy,the patients in group A were treated by Chlorpromazine intramuscular injection of 12.5mg,2 times / day; group B received acupuncture,1 time / day,3 days for a course of treatment; group C received Chlorpromazine intramuscular injection 12.5mg ,2 times / day,plus acupuncture.[Results]Among 68 patients,digestive system diseases were in 21(30.88%),cerebrovascular diseases were in 23(33.82%),cardiovascular diseases were in 6 (8.82%),respiratory diseases were in 7(10.29%),drug-induced hiccup were in 4(5.88%),functional hiccup were in 7(10.29%). The digestive system and cerebral vascular diseases were the main causes of hiccup. There were differences among 3 therapies (P0.05). The therapy received by group C had the highest efficiency (91.30%),the therapy received by group A the lowest efficiency (60.87%).[Conclusion]Hiccup can be caused by many diseases,but the main causes are digestive system and cerebral vascular diseases. When in application of Chlorpromazine,with the acupuncture added,the cure rate of hiccup can increase significantly.


The introduction of choice-based credit semester system in Kerala in 2009-10 restructured the pattern of instructional units, the assessment tools and the grading procedures. However, its implementation caused unforeseen issues in academic governance. This article is an enquiry into the nature and causes of its problems.


Abstract In according with the situation created by the pandemics of the world [4,6,7,8,9,10], the Covid-19 viruses were affected the all fields of activity from the all domains, like as: industrial domains, tourism, commercial, even of the educational system at all levels [1,2]. In this context our university, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, it had to move from the classical educational system to approach of the new online modular system. This forced adaptation presents a lots of problems, especially of the all specializations within the Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, where there are practical activities that involve laboratories with practical execution they cannot be performed by the online system. After an experience gained of almost 4 months of online activity, more several negative aspects are configured to be analyzed in order to find constructive solutions for optimizing the online educational system [1]. The present paper proposes to identification of a questionnaire addressed for the students as well as to the teachers from the Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology of UMFST "G.E.Palade" of Tg.Mures. Following the analysis of the all results of the questionnaire, the deficiencies of the problems raised by the technical disciplines that require phisicals practical applications in laboratory classes will be identified, respectively new directions for the development of modular online education will be identified representing the only alternative of the onsite classic education in this situation.


Refractive index knowledge is one of important parameter when physical properties of materials are investigated. It is also known that temperature variation and wavelength are also effect on the measurement results when materials are characterized. Therefore fast and accurate measurements are needed to measure especially refractive index properties of material. In order to cover this poverty we established we established a computer controlled an optical facility in National Metrology Institute of Turkey, based on laser beam displacement technique. Basic components of established facility are laser sources, sample holder, knife-edges and detectors. In order to compensate fluctuations arising from laser instability we used electro optic modulator that kept the intensity of lasers stable at around 10-5. A temperature controlled sample holder was used to measure temperature dependence of materials. The displacement of laser beam was determined using knife-edge, which moved using a computer controlled servomotor. The refractive index than was found from displaced laser peak signal using designed trap detectors based on three single-element silicon photodiodes.


A review of the exhibition 'Facing the Modern: The Portrait in Vienna 1900', which was at the National Gallery, 9 October 2013–12 January 2014

This was the UK's first major exhibition devoted to the portrait in Vienna at the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. As the National Gallery website explains, 'Portraiture is closely identified with the distinctive flourishing of modern art in the Austrian capital during its famed fin-de-siecle: artists worked to the demands of patrons, and in Vienna modern artists were compelled to focus on the image of the individual.'

Gustav Klimt, Egon Schiele, Arnold Scho? nberg and Oskar Kokoscka are among the most famous painters of the period, and of a specific style and interpretation of the period; of society, of groups, and of individuals. I was inspired while reflecting upon these by the many 'medical' matters touched upon.

One room is devoted to the portrait as a simultaneous declaration of love and commemoration of death. Death masks (the most famous exhibited are those of Mahler, Klimt, Schiele and Beethoven) were common at the time, and work on them had to be rapid before decomposition set-in and changed profiles. The most extreme was by Klimt, commissioned by the Gallia family (which was forced to escape from the Nazis some 20 years later) to portray a lady who had already died. He portrayed her as a dead person lying as in Pre-Raphaelite painting. The family refused such work and the famous Klimt was pushed to paint traces of living body in a post-mortem situation, with an unrealistic and pale atmosphere.

Beethoven died after a long illness and, because suspicious of being poisoned, he had stipulated in his will that an autopsy should be performed upon his death. Also, doctors investigated his ear canals, aware of his deafness.

Antoine von Amerling is painted on her deathbed, describing with extreme naturalism the gleam of the skin, the hint of a tear in the eye.

Psychological portrayal is a leitmotiv for these painters. In 1918 Schiele arrived to paint the final days of his wife in pregnancy; she died six days later from 'Spanish flu', followed three days later by Schiele himself! He portrays young men, long, pale faces and thin, elongated fingers splayed against the hips. In this way, he is creating a general image of awkward adolescence, the sense of end of a period, and an illusion of freedom with the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, with its Viennese society, artists and unique period of art.

In Schiele's works, the artist's body itself 'seems material to be manhandled. The exaggerated slightness of frames and the thrust of his truncated shoulder create a depleted yet dynamic body that was so centered to his portrait practice' says the exhibition's curator.

Georg Schonberg is portrayed by his father Arnold in the claustrophobic family apartment, and he glances anxiously away from his father.

Some portraits withdraw to a private sphere that consciously evokes another, that of mind. This period saw so many suicides in the society that many artists portrayed suicides a short time later: I was impressed by two young sisters depicted looking so well, yet both committed suicide one year later.

Oscar Kokoscka was criticized by the press for representing 'deranged visions from a sick childhood'. The figures appear as lost in their own thoughts: I was impressed by a family all sitting in the dining room, five persons, but everyone looking at themselves, their own toys, books, work. The same painter arrived to the extreme of psychologically portraying, when we see a man with an expression that the sector press described as 'a study of the expression of the Wandering Jew'. You must consider that Jews were a big and very active population at that time, before everything changed for the worse with the arrival of Hitler.

Last but not the least, Kokoscka depicted people in the sanatorium. Tuberculosis was rife at the time and a generation of people, including artists, died. He took time to study many patients, giving us a very unusual and interesting medical view; for the portrayed, this was a minor distraction from a succession of identical days spent awaiting a cure…or the end.

Some text taken with permission from a press release.


One of the factors of migration or immigration is the integration of migrants through the acquisition of social and economic position in a national space and country. With this integration of young Burkinabe come to live in Ivory Coast and perform income-generating activities. These departures are from the settlement were within the framework of the plantation work. Today they are experiencing changes and immigrants active in all sectors in Cote d'Ivoire. Indeed, this increase in migration or immigration representing very large sums is a comfort to his people, their families and their country. In this perspective, migrant transfers are estimated to billions of CFA francs.


$^{1}$G. F. Adams, P. M. Plaksin, and J. S. Sharma, 28th Annual Symposium on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy, Columbus, Ohio (1973).


Two methods for estimating the visual effects of light scattered from a laser glare source were compared: (1) a veiling luminance (VL) model that convolves a radiometric scan of the corneal light distribution with a point-spread function to calculate the retinal distribution and (2) psychophysically determined equivalent background luminance (EBL). For six subjects, detection thresholds for a 12-arc-min-diameter test spot were measured at 24 points in the glare field (4 quadrants x 6 eccentricities between 0.25 and 8 deg). Measured Weber fractions were used to calculate EBL's for each test point. Output of the VL model matched the EBL data well, but underestimated the EBL at the smallest (0.25-deg) eccentricity and overestimated it at eccentricities from 1 to 4 deg. This model can be a useful predictor of visual decrements in a variety of glare situations.


A net unit model of service cluster was defined and a Web service discovery method based on the model was proposed.First,service clustering was completed based on the semantic similarity of functional description and the parameters.Second,the net unit models of service clusters were built with the unified labels of service parameters,and then service cluster parameter matrix was constructed with standardize treatment.And finally,service discovery was realized by using the service cluster parameter matrix.On the base of Petri net,the formal model of service cluster was proposed for the first time,and a quick service discovery was realized.The results indicate that the model to construct service clusters is effective and reasonable.Compared with the traditional service discovery methods based on the parameter matching,this proposed method can effectively reduce the number of parameters matching times and improve the service discovery efficiency.


In this paper we demonstrate the usefulness of the diagrammatical aspects of a qualitative representation of positions in 2-D space [6]. Qualitative representations make only as many distinctions as necessary to identify objects, events, situations, etc. in a given context (identification task) as opposed to those needed to fully reconstruct a situation (reconstruction task). While the distinctions made are expressed propositionally in form of relations, we use data structures that analogically reflect the structure of the relational domain on a higher level of abstraction. This representation allows to perform operations such as a change in point of view or the composition of relations efficiently. As a result of the extended "imagery" debate in cognitive science [8; 13] approaches to the representation of spatial knowledge tend to fall into one of the categories "propositional" or "pictorial". There are several problems with these two extreme positions: The propositional approaches focus primarly on formal properties of the representation such as soundness and completeness [14]. While doing so, however, they are forced to explicitlyt express the rich structural properties of space using propositions. Thus, basic structural properties of physical space such as: ̄ homogenity and continuity of physical space ̄ objects have only positive extension ̄ two objects cannot fill the same space at the same time ̄ each object exists only once (identity) "The project on which the work reported here is based has been funded by the German Ministry for Research and Technology (BMFT) under FKZ ITN9102B. The author is solely responsible for the contents of this publication. 1The sense in which "explicit" and "implicit" are used in this paper is different from the one in the "Call for Participation" for this workshop. While the latter states for example that "The power of diagrammatic representations stems from the property that they allow the explicit representation and direct retrieval of information that can be represented only implicitly in other types of representations and then has to be computed, sometimes at great cost, to make it explicit for use.", our use refers to the way the represented and the representing domains are related. Thus, while the structural properties of space must be explicitly stated in a propositional representation, they ar implicitly given by the corresponding properties of the pictorial representations. ̄ an object can only move to neighboring positions (adjacency) must be stated explicitly leading to an enormous computational overhead even for moderately realistic applications. On the other hand, current pictorial representations [4; 7], while preserving many of the spatial properties mentioned above, model some aspects of space on too low a level. For example, by defining a fixed grid of a given granularity (each field of which can be either filled or not) to represent occupancy, an arbitrary discretization of the domain is introduced. This may lead to wrong results, because binary decisions are forced at an inadequate stage of processing. However, the desirable properties of both propositional and pictorial representations can be combined. This has been recognized by several authors [12; 2], who nevertheless propose hybrid models that combine them by interfacing them as separate representations. The qualitative representation of space we propose here int grates them by exploiting the generalization capabilities of abstract relational representations while inherently reflecting domain constraints such as the neighborhood of the positional relations. This is possible, because pictorial representations are just a special case of the more general class of analogical representations [15], i.e. those, where important properties of the represented domain are intrinsically represented by the inherent properties of the representing domain. The structural similarity between the represented and the representing domains doesn't need to be an isomorphism and can be given at an abstract level. 1 Qualitative representation of positions in 2-D space We focus on 2-D projections of 3-D scenes. In order to represent the relative position of two objects in 2-D space qualitatively we define a small set of spatial relations from the two relevant dimensions projection and orientation. By projection we mean how the boundaries of the two objects relate, i.e. their topological relations. By orientation we mean where the objects are placed relative to one another. The relative position is given by a projection/orientation relation pair. A complete set of topological relations can be derived from the combinatorial variations of the point set intersection of boundaries and interiors of the involved objects by imposing the constraints of physical space on them [3]. The projection relations are disjoint (d), tangent ( ), overlaps (0), contains-at-border (c@b), 222 From: AAAI Technical Report SS-92-02. Compilation copyright © 1992, AAAI (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved.


In this paper, we analyze the causal effects on young economics professors' salaries of three interesting factors: gender, PhD graduation school rank, and undergraduate major. The dataset used is novel, contains detailed research productivity measures and other demographic information of young economics professors from top 50 public research universities in the U.S. We apply double/debiased machine learning (DML) to the models and obtain consistent estimators under high-dimensional control variable space. By tracking the first 10 years of their professional working experience we find that there barely exist causal effects on salaries from the above three factors in most of the years when controlling for research productivity and background, neither economically nor statistically. Exceptionally, the gender effect in experience year 7 is both statistically and economically significant. For both PhD graduation school rank and undergraduate major, although lack of statistical significance in almost all the experience years, the estimates for experience years 7–9 are large in magnitude. Then, based on what have been found, we discuss possible economic mechanisms and reasons.


Summary: Thistrip will examine outcropsof sedimentary rocksInthe western Central Range andthe Southern Basin of Trinidad. Emphasis wUI be placed on lithological associations and sedimentological features andtheirsignificance Inthe Interpretation of tectonic events, aswellas otherfactorscontrolling the geological historyof the area. General:ThedrivefromPortof Spain to theSan Fernando areawilltakeapproximately 1 hour,passing alongthefoothills of the Northern Range; the Caronl Plain; the Central Range; and overthe Naparlma fold belt. Mid-Centre


The diesel injector nozzle is a final element of the fuel injection line of the diesel engine and greatly affects the process of spraying, the nature and the quality of the injection, the hydraulic flow resistance. Investigation of hydrodynamic processes in the spray channels is a very difficult task due to the small size of the flowing channels (0.1-3 mm) and the short time period of the injection process (0.1-3 ms). Modern requirements to diesel fuel system is increasing injection pressure that changes fuel injection characteristics. A perspective and topical task is analytical calculation of the nozzle cavity by the finite volume method with the aid of special advanced software, which allows to create a three-dimensional visual model of the flow process in the atomizer. Such calculations with a high degree of accuracy allow us to estimate the physical parameters of the fuel flow, make it possible to carry out a relatively quick and convenient investigation with wide ranges of variables of initial parameters. It is a necessary step in the process of designing and reconstructing the design of the nozzle.


Almost one million children and youth in Canada will experience a diagnosable mental health disorder. Less than 4% will receive services to address their needs. Traditional children's services are relatively unable to deliver programs with the capacity to meet the mental health needs of youth. The number of youth struggling with mental health challenges is underestimated. Many youth do not meet diagnostic criteria but are still experiencing substantial levels of distress and impairment.


A traveling cleaner system with means for effecting a temporary alteration in the rate of travel of the traveling cleaner unit which is characterized by its ability to provide additional amounts of cleaning to preselected portions of the textile mill. The invention is comprised of a traveling cleaner unit that is movable along an overhead track that extends above textile machinery or that is mounted to a crane bridge that travels reciprocally along rails extending parallel to rows of textile machinery. The traveling cleaner unit includes blowers for direction a reciprocating cleaning current of air onto the underlying machinery. In one enbodiment a variable speed drive motor propels the cleaner unit along the overhead track and in the second embodiment, a variable speed drive motor propels the crane bridge along the rails. In addition to the traveling cleaner unit, the traveling cleaner system includes actuators, a switch that is mounted on the traveling cleaner unit and is engaged by the actuators and control means consisting primarily of a timer and speed varying means. The traveling cleaner unit alters its rate of travel when it passes preselected portions of the textile mill with the result that the textile mill is more thoroughly cleaned.


The objective of this work was to explore and visualize the intellectual and cognitive structure of Social Network Analysis (SNA) research, within the scientific area of Library and Information Sciences (LIS). The applied methodology combined co-citation and co-words analysis. The data was obtained from the scientific publications indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database. We identified a total of 383 publications, related to SNA in LIS, during the period 2008- 2017. The analysis of co-citation of sources evidenced the high level of transversality and the marked interdisciplinary nature of SNA, the most relevant journals were Scientometrics and Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. The co-citation analysis of documents identified the theoretical basis and founding documents of the SNA, highlighting the works of Wasserman and Faust (1994), Freeman (1979), Watts and Strogatz (1998), Otte and Rousseau (2002). The co-citation analysis of authors revealed the different schools and academic networks, standing out authors such as S.P. Borgatti, R.S. Burt, M. E. J. Newman, S. Wasserman, K. Faust, L.C. Freeman, M. Callon and L. Leydesdorff. On the other hand, the co-words analysis showed the main research fronts: i) evaluation of the impact of the scientific activity; ii) application of network analysis to Social Media; iii) scientific collaboration networks, co-authorship networks and co-words networks; and iv) knowledge networks.


Abstract Background: The use of electrocautery devices is associated with complications such as perforation or fistulisation when used near intestinal structures. This is likely due to its effect on vascularisation of the bowel wall. To test this hypothesis we established a murine model to quantify the effect of electrocautery injury on the intestinal microvascularisation. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to five electrocautery injuries on the small bowel in coagulation mode (30 W intensity) and in cut mode (40 W, 80 W and 200 W intensities) for durations of 1, 2 and 5 s. 5 mg/kg of fluorescein was injected intravenously, the injured bowel segments harvested and the rat sacrificed. The segments were analysed to measure the fluorescence of injured bowel compared to adjacent unharmed tissue. Results: A significant decrease in bowel wall microvascularisation occurred with increasing intensity (coag 30 W/cut 40 W versus cut 200 W 1 s: p < 0.05) and duration of electrocautery injury (cut 40 W 1/2 s versus 5 s: p < 0.05). There was a 40% perforation rate when decreased bowel wall microvascularisation was 25% or more. Despite similar electrocautery injury, a significantly greater microvascularisation decrease was observed in jejunum compared to ileum (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We successfully established a murine model to quantify the decrease of bowel wall microvascularisation associated with electrocautery use. Unsurprisingly, the decrease in microvascularisation is greater with higher intensity and duration of electrocautery and is associated with more perforations in the experimental model. The jejunum seems more vulnerable to electrocautery injury than the ileum. These observations support caution when using electrocautery devices near intestinal structures.


This overview of six years of research on language learning and teaching in Austria covers a period of dynamic development in the field. While all the studies reviewed here illustrate research driven by a combination of local and global concerns and theoretical frameworks, some specific clusters of research interest emerge. The first of these focuses on issues connected with multilingualism in present-day society in terms of language policy, theory development and, importantly, the critical scrutiny of dominant discursive practices in connection with minority and migrant languages. In combination with this focus, there is a concern with German as a second or foreign language in a number of contexts. A second cluster concerns the area of language testing and assessment, which has gained political import due to changes in national education policy and the introduction of standardized tests. Finally, a third cluster of research concerns the diverse types of specialized language instruction, including the introduction of foreign language instruction from age six onwards, the rise of academic writing instruction, English-medium education and, as a final more general issue, the role of English as a dominant language in the canon of all foreign and second languages in Austria.


To date, there have been no large-scale surveys of the density or biomass of Durvlllaea stands in south eastern Australia. This paper presents data from the first such survey and provides evidence to suggest that Durvillaea potato run^ stands support an except~onally high biomass relative to many other marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The differences in density and biomass have been reviewed for populations of D. potatorum harvested throughout its distribution In south eastern Australia. Densities vary between 0.8 and 23.5 plants m-2, biomasses range from 4 to 108 kg m-2. These results are comparable to, but in the upper range of, the values observed for other species of brown algae. The level of concordance of D. potatorum populations to the 3/2 power law has been assessed. D. potatorum populations breach the boundary condition Implied by the 3/2 power law when log(k) = 4.3; if thls law does hold for D. potatorum populations the appropriate log(k) value is likely to be around 5.0, suggesting a carrylng capacity in these systems of up to 100 kg m-2. This is ca 5 times higher than that reported for any other plant ecosystem.


Privatization is a government policy of transferring state ownership of state-owned enterprises to private. It is a multipurpose program aimed at improving the performance of state-owned enterprises. One methods of privatization is selling stocks in a capital market. The objective of this article is to evaluate the performance of privatization initial public offerings (IPOs) in Malaysia and to investigate the determinants of the short-run and the long-run of IPOs performance. Data used in this study comes from single country which is more homogeneous. In addition, this study uses a theory on IPO introduced by Perotti and Enrico (1995) which specifically deals with privatization IPOs. Finally, this study produces information about the degree of initial excess return and long-run return of privatized IPOs up to five years and their determinants which are valuable to investors in designing their security selection processes. The evidence indicated that, on average, the IPOs are underpriced. This is in line with the evidences from private sector IPOs. On the other hand, the IPOs show a pattern of underperformance (negative returns) in the long-run up to five years. However, the statistical evidence showed that in the long-run the IPOs are neither under nor overpriced. Through statistical analysis of the dependency of several independent variables it is found that the percentage of share sold, the uncertainty about the future value of the firm, the market index fluctuation, the size of firm and the value of issue on the first day of trading are significantly influence the initial excess returns. On the other hand, the degree of the initial returns is the only variable that significantly affects the long-run IPOs performance.


In this paper, we deal with the distributed concurrent targeting problem for a queue of rotatable point-sources in order to regulate their orientations to a common target in a distributed fashion. The point-source's orientation is described by a half-line at the point-source with two angles between the half-line and its projection line on the O-YZ plane and respectively the Y-axis. These point-sources are deployed arbitrarily on the Y-axis without superposition. We assume that the two point-sources at the two ends already point to the desired, static target. We want to stress that they do not know where the target is and only know partial information of the target's position. However, the collection of the target's position information at the two ends is complete. The other point-sources regulate their orientations through working together with their neighbors at the left-hand and the right-hand sides. In this distributed way, the complete information of the target's position can be shared implicitly among these point-sources. Under this setting, a suitable distributed control protocol is proposed to regulate the orientations of all point-sources to the same target. The main idea is to exploit the geometric relations of the half-lines and the angles, which are used in the protocol design. Rigorous arguments are given to validate the distributed algorithm along with numerical simulations. Finally, possible future works close the paper.


Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine how much if any, the 2-day forecasts for Utah, as issued by the forecast staff at Salt Lake City, would be improved if "perfect" prognostic charts were available for sea level, 700 mb., and 500 mb., for periods up to 48 hours. Results are discussed using the paired t test for differences between forecasts made from "perfect" prognostic charts and control forecasts, skill scores from precipitation contingency tables, and a non-parametric "Rank Method" comparison.


Work is reported in these areas: Large-scale & reconfigurable 3D structures of precise nanoparticle assemblies in self-assembled collagen peptide grids; Binary QD-Au NP 3D superlattices assembled with collagen-like peptides and energy transfer between QD and Au NP in 3D peptide frameworks; Catalytic peptides discovered by new hydrogel-based combinatorial phage display approach and their enzyme-mimicking 2D assembly; New autonomous motors of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) powered by reorganization of self-assembled peptides at interfaces; Biomimetic assembly of proteins into microcapsules on oil-in-water droplets with structural reinforcement via biomolecular recognition-based cross-linking of surface peptides; and Biomimetic fabrication of strong freestanding genetically-engineered collagen peptide films reinforced by quantum dot joints. We gained the broad knowledge about biomimetic material assembly from nanoscale to microscale ranges by coassembling peptides and NPs via biomolecular recognition. We discovered: Genetically-engineered collagen-like peptides can be self-assembled with Au NPs to generate 3D superlattices in large volumes (> μm{sup 3}); The assembly of the 3D peptide-Au NP superstructures is dynamic and the interparticle distance changes with assembly time as the reconfiguration of structure is triggered by pH change; QDs/NPs can be assembled with the peptide frameworks to generate 3D superlattices and these QDs/NPs can be electronically coupled for the efficient energy transfer;more » The controlled assembly of catalytic peptides mimicking the catalytic pocket of enzymes can catalyze chemical reactions with high selectivity; and, For the bacteria-mimicking swimmer fabrication, peptide-MOF superlattices can power translational and propellant motions by the reconfiguration of peptide assembly at the MOF-liquid interface.« less


Interferon epsilon (IFNε) plays an important role in regulating protective immunity in the female reproductive tract in mouse models; but the expression and regulation of this IFNε in the human FRT had not yet been characterised. Here we show that IFNε is selectively and highly expressed in the human FRT, a unique characteristic among the many types of IFN. IFNε has distinct expression patterns in upper compared with lower FRT where it is predominantly expressed in the basal layers of the stratified squamous epithelia. We demonstrate direct regulation of IFNε expression is suppressed by progesterone consistent with its inverse correlation with progesterone receptor expression, but only in the endometrium where its expression therefore fluctuates throughout the menstrual cycle. We show that IFNε regulates immunoregulatory IFN regulated genes (IRGs) in FRT epithelial cells. The characterisation of huIFNε expression in both the upper and the lower FRT epithelia and its protective properties make this IFN well placed to be an important player in mediating hormonal control of FRT immune response and susceptibility to FRT infection. Summary Bourke et al. characterise the novel type I interferon epsilon (IFNε), as the only IFN constitutively expressed throughout the human female reproductive tract (FRT), where it is hormonally regulated and modules IFN dependent FRT immunity.


smart phones will make up more than half of the connection base in Sub- Saharan Africa, presenting opportunities for locally relevant content to be accessed via mobile applications. Despite an increasing Higher Education enrollment, with significant numbers of students studying Information Technology (IT), the mobile application programming (MAP) industry in Africa is still in its infancy, resulting in mobile content which is not always locally relevant. This paper explores the challenges faced by IT students in mobile application programming at a private Higher Education institution in Botswana. The study is part of a larger study to develop a framework for enhancing mobile application programming among IT students in Higher Education Institutions. Using questionnaires, data was collected from 203 Higher Education students from a private institution studying IT in Gaborone and Maun, Botswana. The findings indicate that IT students are interested in mobile application programming but besides the known financial constraints, they also have challenges such as accessing the required mobile application programming laboratory environment, relevant, up to date literature, free tutors etc. The contribution of the study is to identify infrastructural and personal factors to be considered when designing a conducive mobile application programming environment as a way of stimulating mobile application programming in Africa.


This thesis introduces two kinds of evidence standards of prosecution adopted by the primary countries in the world. On that basis, through summing up the legislative intentions and primary characteristics behind these two standards, analyzing and comparing the common ground and the differences between them, a conclusion has been educed, that is, the evidence standard of prosecution adopted by a country correlates closely with this country's procedure model and legal culture tradition, even more determined by the latter, but anyhow it should stand below the evidence standard of conviction. Due to the gradual incorporate trend between the different procedure models of the two law systems, the borderline between these two standards has become vague gradually. After reviewing China's current evidence standard of prosecution stated by the Criminal Procedural Law, analyzing its advantages and disadvantages, it is deemed that our evidence standard of prosecution must be reconstructed. And then, considering the situation of our country, using the two evidence standards above-mentioned for reference, a concrete reformational advice has been brought forward.


Start your abstract here Abstract. Phytoplankton distribution and composition was evaluated on February, April and June 2015, from Burung and Buntal islands in Kotania Bay. Altogether 42 species phytoplankton representing at least 27 genera from 15 families were collected. The high similarity of species was found in the waters of both islands, but the numbers of species were found in the waters of Buntal Island was higher than those in Burung island. Based on spatial distribution, the highest abundance of phytoplankton was encountered in the waters of Buntal island, while in June, the average abundance of phytoplankton reached the highest with the value of 1010225 cell/m3, and it was also in the waters of Buntal island. We speculate about the differences of a habitat of the two islands, and argue that the composition and abundant of species are related to the season and condition of the surrounding waters.


Fire characteristics of wood dusts serve for qualitative comparison of combustibility and explosibility, for suggesting precautionary measures, for predicting consequences of fires and explosions. Setting of given characteristics by calculation is not possible yet. Therefore the most reliable results are set by experiment. The article deals with the testing of the minimum ignition temperature depending on the different types of dust layer and different heights of surface.


Proponents of the "China threat" theory argue that it is inconceivable for China to have a peaceful rise; a superpower China will inevitably be a threat to the United States. This article analyzes the military and economic aspects of the "China threat" theory from theoretical, methodological, and strategic points of view. The theory's flaws are in its assumptions, which this article tackles by providing counter examples as well as by highlighting external and internal problems facing China that can complicate its rise to great-power status. In addition, the "China threat" theory is based on linear projection and imperfect historical analogies that are as misleading conceptually as they are strategically counterproductive to Sino-American strategic relations. This, of course, is not to argue that China poses no threat; it is, however, to suggest that the nature of any threat is far more nuanced than the "China threat" theorists claim it to be. Key words: East Asian Security, U.S.-China relations Introduction China's rise has been viewed with uncertainty and anxiousness in the West. Its rapid economic growth, military modernization, and in recent years a surge in energy demand have made many in the United States talk about a "China threat." Policy makers, strategic thinkers, academics, and pundits have started exploring strategies of "containing" China, and rejecting the concept of "peaceful rise."1 There are many reasons for such fears. Robert Kagan, for example, has used history to argue that China's rise will not be peaceful. He has asserted: "The history of rising powers . . . and their attempted 'management' by established powers provides little reason for confidence or comfort. Rarely have rising powers risen without sparking a major war that reshaped the international system to reflect new realities of power."2 Others have expressed the threat from a rising China in starker terms. Bill Gertz, for example, has argued that "The People's Republic of China is the most serious national security threat the United States faces at present and will remain so into the foreseeable future . . . The reason Americans should take the threat from China so seriously is that it puts at risk the very national existence of the United States."3 The U.S. government has been more nuanced and reserved about the perceived threat from China, but it has also sounded the alarms. The 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review Report, for example, asserted that "China has the greatest potential to compete militarily with the United States and field disruptive military technologies that could over time offset traditional U.S. military advantages."4 Of course, different administrations have had different attitudes toward the "China threat." President George W. Bush's administration, however, made it clear that-unlike the Clinton administration- it saw China as a strategic competitor. The following quote from Condoleezza Rice-then a foreign policy adviser to then-Governor George W. Bush-is telling. Arguing against the Clinton administration's policy of engagement of China, Rice wrote: Even if there is an argument for economic interaction with Beijing, China is still a potential threat to stability in the Asia-Pacific region. Its military power is currently no match for that of the United States. But that condition is not necessarily permanent. What we do know is that China is a great power with unresolved vital interests, particularly concerning Taiwan and the South China Sea. China resents the role of the United States in the Asia- Pacific region. This means that China is not a "status quo" power but one that would like to alter Asia's balance of power in its own favor. That alone makes it a strategic competitor, not the "strategic partner" the Clinton administration once called it. Add to this China's record of cooperation with Iran and Pakistan in the proliferation of ballistic-missile technology, and the security problem is obvious. …


ABSTRACT In this paper, the exponential lag synchronization for a class of Cohen–Grossberg neural networks with discrete time-delays and distributed delays is investigated via periodically intermittent control. Some simple and useful criteria are derived by using mathematical induction method and the analysis technique which are different from the methods employed in correspondingly previous works. Finally, two examples and their numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.


Based on the NCEP/NCAR wind field,height field,sea-level pressure and surface temperature reanalysis data from 1948 to 2006,the linear correlation analysis,composite analysis and regression analysis are used to study the interannual variations of the cross-equatorial flows(CEFs) in the lower troposphere of Eastern Hemisphere in summer and the correlations between the cross-equatorial flow intensity and circulation system,and the preceding sea-land thermal difference.Results show that there are close relationships between the interannual intensity changes of the cross-equatorial flows and the low-latitude circulations in Southern and Northern Hemispheres,especially the Asia-Australia pressure difference.Besides,Somali jet(SMJ) and Bay of Bengal CEF are significantly influenced by the sea-land thermal difference,while Eastern Asian CEF is remarkably affected by the sea surface temperature.


Both Confucius and Xúnzǐ take for granted that contempt, in certain situations, is an appropriate and justified response for a person of virtuous character. But Xúnzǐ departs from his predecessor in his insistence on drawing clear boundaries around contempt so as to diminish its destructive and destabilizing potential. This article argues that Xúnzǐ's efforts to circumscribe contempt reflect a shift in the vision of the ritual community from one based on affective ties to one based on an impersonal, universalist state. It also traces the implications of this connection for how we might confront the problem of toxic contempt that has pervaded our political landscape today.


Introduction Story of Robots Story of the Human Brain Human Consciousness and the Mind Prof. Braitenberg's Vehicles Prof. Brooks' Robots Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Evolution Machine Consciousness New Architecture of Robot Consciousness and the Robot Mind Physical Demonstration of Successful Mirror Image Cognition by a Robot Observations on Self-awareness Conclusions


Background
Non-adherence is the single most important predictor of relapse and readmission among patients with serious mental disorders affecting more costs to the society and disturbing everyday lives of patients and their families. Schizophrenia is associated with long-term illness with relapses and poor compliance. People, especially young, do not like to need long term treatment; often there is lack of insight or people forget to keep their appointments. It is therefore important to find easy and effective methods to encourage patient's medication intake and attendance at follow-up at out-patient care. As the use of mobile technology has become increasingly widespread in societies globally, the significance of such new technologies for persons with serious mental disorders should be developed and tailored to satisfy users' needs.

Objective
To describe establishment of tailored mobile telephone text messages intervention to encourage compliance with medication and a planning process of trial to follow up with people with psychosis at 12 months.

Methods
The study was rolled out of a consumer-designed simple intervention in the context of an evaluative study desig. First, a series of focus groups for service users (N = 5) and health care personnel (N = 5) were organised and run to ensure that semi-automated SMS text-based intervention is acceptable for patients and health care staff. Second, by working with service user and health care organization we worked to plan how to encourage people to accept a new intervention and its design to evaluating the effects of SMS messages. Thus, instead of running a complex intervention in isolation of daily reality, a special effort was put into collaboration with patients and hospital staff to ensure that the design is simple and widely acceptable widely in Finnish psychiatric services.

Results
First, based on a systematic development process, a consumer-designed simple intervention using mobile tehnology was planned. The content of messages was developed together with patients and their careers. Second, a randomized controlled trial with two arms was designed. All hospitals with psychiatric beds in Finland were invited in the trial study. Patients aged 18-65 years, either sex, with antipsychotic medication on discharge from psychiatric hospital, who have a mobile phone, are able to use Finnish language and to give written informed consent were invited to participate. So far 502 patients in 26 different hospital organizations have been randomized since September 2011; only 5 patients have requested to stop the messages. The outcomes will be based mainly on the data of Finnish national health registers.

Conclusions
This ongoing study has already shown that it is possible and necessary to modernize mental health services by using mobile technology. Our pragmatic and service-user designed study can create evidence-based knowledge of good practices in mental health care and helps to avoid imposing unevaluated intrusion into the lives of people with serious mental illnesses. []


This Order provides that only those condoms that conform to standards set by order of the Council of Ministers can be sold in French Polynesia. Order No. 202 CM of 8 February 1989 (Journal officiel de la Polynesie francaise, No. 7, 16 February 1989, p. 264) provides that the packaging of condoms offered for sale in French Polynesia must be stamped "NF" and carry a date of expiration of effectiveness.


As supercomputers become larger and more complex, application developers face new challenges. Massively parallel systems not only allow scientists to enhance their codes and achieve unprecedented levels of performance – system faults are no longer invisible to developers, which means they also have to protect their applications from unexpected (and unwanted) behavior. The interplay between maximizing performance while ensuring simulations run successfully on increasingly unreliable hardware is the topic of much research in high-performance computing, and the focus of this thesis. In particular, we study a class of problems that have historically benefited from advances in HPC and now therefore face the challenges brought about by system faults. We want to solve partial differential equations (PDEs), which play a central role in the simulation sciences. In particular, we look at PDEs defined on higher-dimensional domains (more than three dimensions) which, in realistic simulation scenarios, often require vast computing resources. We present a prototypical example of such an application: gyrokinetic plasma simulations used by physicists to better understand anomalous and turbulent plasma flow in fusion reactors, the main limiting factor in the path to clean fusion energy. We describe an algorithm that can exploit the computing resources of massivelyparallel systems to solve such PDEs: the sparse grid combination technique algorithm. Thanks to the work of our partners at the IPVS Stuttgart, this algorithm can be run efficiently on high-end computing systems. Our goal for this thesis is to make sure that the algorithm runs successfully despite any hardware or software errors, but without sacrificing the code's performance. To do this, we make use of both numerical mathematics and software engineering, and we argue that understanding the mathematical properties of an algorithm is the key to develop efficient resilient codes. This work is a building block of the project EXAHD, which is part of the German Priority Programme Software for Exascale Computing (SPPEXA). EXAHD is a joint collaboration between the Technical University of Munich, the University of Stuttgart, the University of Bonn and the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics.


THE excellence of a snowman resides not in the wonder of snow, nor in the degree of nudity suggested, nor in the fidelity of the features to those of a politically significant person, but in the skill with which the sculptor has fashioned his material. True, Michelangelo would choose to hew his figures out of the marble of Carrara, rather than pat them together with the mud of the Po or Tiber. Undoubtedly, La Maja nuda has wider human appeal than La Maja vestida. And a spate of books about a Winston Churchill or a John F. Kennedy confirms yet again the fact that some subjects are welcomed more warmly than others. One awaits with trepidation the appearance of a book with some such title as I Was Churchill's Dentist.


Oxidative stress including iron excess has been associated with carcinogenesis. The level of 8‐oxoguanine, a major oxidatively modified base in DNA, is maintained very low by three distinct enzymes, encoded by OGG1, MUTYH and MTH1. Germline biallelic inactivation of MUTYH represents a familial cancer syndrome called MUTYH‐associated polyposis. Here, we used Mutyh‐deficient mice to evaluate renal carcinogenesis induced by ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe‐NTA). Although the C57BL/6 background is cancer‐resistant, a repeated intraperitoneal administration of Fe‐NTA induced a high incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC; 26.7%) in Mutyh‐deficient mice in comparison to wild‐type mice (7.1%). Fe‐NTA treatment also induced renal malignant lymphoma, which did not occur without the Fe‐NTA treatment in both the genotypes. Renal tumor‐free survival after Fe‐NTA treatment was marginally different (P = 0.157) between the two genotypes. Array‐based comparative genome hybridization analyses revealed, in RCC, the loss of heterozygosity in chromosomes 4 and 12 without p16INK A inactivation; these results were confirmed by a methylation analysis and showed no significant difference between the genotypes. Lymphomas showed a preference for genomic amplifications. Dlk1 inactivation by promoter methylation may be involved in carcinogenesis in both tumors. Fe‐NTA‐induced murine RCCs revealed significantly less genomic aberrations than those in rats, demonstrating a marked species difference.


Palm plants provide important benefits for rural communities around the world. Of the 95 native palm species in Mexico, Brahea dulcis (Soyate palm) has been tagged as an important resource for many Mesoamerican ethnical groups. Scientific and empirical knowledge concerning Soyate is thematically fragmented and disassociated, meaning that sound sustainable management is far from established. Research of over 20 years has permitted us to document ecological, cultural and geographical outcomes of B. dulcis; thus, the present paper aims at compiling all knowledge on Soyate to eventually guide its long-term management. It was conducted in two stages: firstly, it comprised a thorough review of previous studies on the management of B. dulcis in Mexico; secondly, we integrated unpublished outcomes obtained from fieldwork, including participatory ground-truth validation and semi-structured interviews obtained from local ethnic groups. Five factors guided our compilation effort: (i) biological and ecological information, (ii) cultural importance, (iii) economic triggers, (iv) traditional management, and (v) ecological and ecogeographical implications of Soyate palm management. The present paper confirms that B. dulcis is an important cultural resource whose utilization can be traced back over 10,000 years. The leaves of Soyate are the most useful part of the palm and were profusely used in the past for thatching roofs and weaving domestic and agricultural objects. Currently, however, palm-leaf weaving is primarily oriented toward satisfying economic needs. We depicted ten management practices aimed at favoring palm availability. Most of these management practices have enhanced sustainable palm leaf harvesting; however, these practices harbor spatial trends that turn highly diverse habitats into Soyate-dominated spaces. To conclude, we propose a framework to describe sound and sustainable Soyate management in the light of the current long-term Soyate–human relationship. It is here acknowledged that Soyate has played and continues to play a critical socioeconomic and cultural role for many ethnical groups in Central Mexico. Nonetheless, emerging challenges concerning the sustainability of the whole socioecological system at a landscape level are yet to be overcome.


This paper provides details of an IO design example for an optimized package and single sided motherboard. In specific, the analysis of optimum performance for IO returns path and power delivery through correct package stackup, precise placement of signal, power and ground (GND) pins, and bypass capacitors are provided.


One of the critical problems of Internet GIS is latency time of displaying the map requested by clients due to network traffic. To enhance the user's response time, it is required to minimize the number of interactions between a client and a server. The minimization of network traffic can be achieved by data caching and object prefetching. For Internet GIS applications, the operators we consider are browsing, panning, zooming-in/out, and displaying a user's requested map. From an implementation point of view, they do have certain similarities. because in every case it needs to browse the map on the basis of some proximity of spatial data. The main idea of this work is to use spatial-temporal locality for designing the replacement scheme. This paper presents new replacement strategies in client-side caching and prefetching, named proximity-based replacement strategy and region prefetch policy respectively. Cache replacement strategy is on the basis of agingconcept that the oldest cell must be replaced when local cache is full. Proximity-based replacement strategy increases the age of all cells according to their proximity-distances. The aging of all cached cells (a cell: a unit of cached data in memory), increases in proportion to the distance between each cell and the region displayed on the current window. The unit of accessing spatial objects in Internet GIS clients is not a data page, but a region. The unit of prefetching spatial objects for browsing the map should be a region in order to reduce the number of interactions between a client and a server.


Abstract : A significant protective effect of a native adrenal steroid, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was demonstrated in studies of two lethal viral infection models in mice, systemic coxsackievirus B4 and herpes simplex type 2 encephalitis. The steroid was active either by long-term feeding or by a single subcutaneous injection prior to initiation of infection. A closely related steroid, etiocholanolone, was not protective in these models. Histopathological analysis, leukocyte counts, and numbers of spleen antibody forming cells in the coxsackievirus B4 model suggests that DHEA functions by maintaining or potentiating the immune competence of mice otherwise depressed by viral infection. DHEA protection was most evident when a large inoculum of virus was given, suggesting that the protective mechanism required a 'triggering action' by the virus. DHEA was not effective in genetically immunodeficient HRS/J hr/hr mice and did not demonstrate antiviral activity in vitro. While the molecular basis for DHEA's effect on the immune system is not known, studies by others suggest that it may counteract the stress related immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids stimulated by viral infection. Because DHEA is a native steroid that has been used clinically with minimal side effects, the utility of DHEA in the therapeutic modulation of acute and chronic viral infections including acquired immune deficiency syndrome (e.g., HIV) deserves intensive study. Keywords: Coxsackievirus, Herpesvirus, Immune regulation, Resistance, Infection, HIV, Hematology, Antiviral agents.


Voltage stability or voltage security assessment includes network loading and voltage control effectiveness evaluation. Both issues are related to maximum power flows. Assessment indexes based on the linearized power flow equations are quite common. The adequacy and applicability of the indexes depend on the Jacobian matrix. This paper shows how to include LTC voltage control and limits.


Abstract This paper considers the problems raised by the holding of books in museums, as opposed to libraries, when they have been collected and donated to such institutions, not primarily as works of reference or as literature, but rather as art objects in themselves. Books in such a context present difficulties for curators and public alike, and these issues range from the organisational to the philosophical. Matters of conservation, presentation and Interpretation are all touched upon in order to stimulate discussion of the very nature of books themselves.


Base on the background of the development in Chinese hospitals and the present situation in medical markets,combined with CRM and modern hospital management theory,the system of AD hospital customer relationship management,which values in hospital,have been analyzed.