The in vitro translation of satellite tobacco necrosis virus RNA can be carried out by procaryotic (Escherichia coli) and eucaryotic (wheat embryo) systems. Fingerprint analyses reveal that both in vitro systems produce protein with the amino acid sequence of satellite tobacco necrosis virus coat T he initial characterization of the satellite tobacco necrosis virus generated interest among biochemists and molecular biologists in that the viral RNA was characterized as a small, single-stranded messenger RNA that appeared to contain only enough information to code for STNV coat protein (Reichmann, 1964). This initial assumption was based upon the satellite property of STNV,' the immunological properties of the system, and the apparent 3: 1 ratio of STNV-RNA nucleotides to STNV coat protein amino acids. The more recent observations that STNV coat protein is smaller than originally envisioned (Roy et al., 1969; Lesnaw and Reichmann, 1969) force one to be aware of the possible polycistronic character of STNV-RNA. Yet the small size of the viral RNA (with its resultant limited coding potential) and the observation (Clark et al., 1965) that, in vitro, STNV-RNA codes as a monocistronic message for STNV coat protein emphasize the uniqueness of the STNV system. Further characterization of the STNV system can be achieved by analyses of the product(s) of translation of STNV-RNA by various in citro systems. Earlier, this laboratory reported that translation of STNV-RNA by an in vitro procaryotic (Escherichia coli) system leads to production of STNV coat protein (Clark et al., 1965). This paper presents details of this in vitro procaryotic translation of STNV-RNA and compares this translation to the in vitro translation of STNV-RNA by a eucaryotic system. Experimental Procedures Materials. Cell-free extracts of E. coli A-19 were prepared from cells grown and extracted as previously described (Clark et al., 1965). The cell-free wheat embryo extract employed was a 23,OOOg supernatant (S-23) preparation (Marcus et al., 1968). STNV-RNA was obtained from STNV by phenol extraction (Kirby, 1965) of virus grown on tobacco (Reichmann, 1964) or mung beans (Liu et al., 1969). The STNV-RNAs obtained from virus isolated from these varied sources are identical in physical properties and yield identical t From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (W. H. I<., J . M. L., and J. M. C., Jr.), and the Department of Molecular Biology, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois 60064 (C. N.). Receiced December 29, 1971. Supported in part by National Institutes of Health Research Grant GM 08647. 1 Abbreviation used is: STNV, satellite tobacco necrosis virus. protein. Gel filtration and acrylamide gel electrophoretic analyses show that both in vitro systems produce a single material with an average size slightly smaller than satellite tobacco necrosis virus coat protein. translation produced upon fingerprint analysis. Qp and MS2 RNAs were obtained by phenol extraction (Kirby, 1965) of virus purchased from Miles Laboratories, Inc., Elkhart, Ind. [ 14CIAmino acids and [ 3H]and [ 4C]amino acid mixtures were as sold by New England Nuclear Co., Boston, Mass. [14C]STNV coat protein, a gift from Dr. M. E. Reichmann, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill., was prepared from STNV grown (in vivo) on tobacco in the presence of [ l4C]C02. Enzyme Incubations. The cell-free extracts from E. coli A-19 cells were incubated for 20 min as previously described (Clark et al., 1965) with the following exceptions. All reactions contained 0.0003 M GTP in place of 0.003 M GTP. Where indicated certain reactions utilized 30-40 p~ levels of specific L-[ 14CIamino acids supplemented with 40 p~ concentrations of the other ~-[12C]amino acids required for protein biosynthesis. In other instances, reactions contained varied concentrations (as indicated) of a mixture of 15 L-[~H]or L[14C]amino acids supplemented with a 4 X M level of the [ 12C]amino acids asparagine, cysteine, glutamine, methionine, and tryptophan so as to provide all the amino acids needed for protein biosynthesis. All reactions utilized 40 pg of mRNA. Protein synthesis studies with the wheat embryo system were run at 30' in 0.36-ml reaction volumes with optimized Mgz+ and K+ concentrations and containing 0.15 ml of S-23 extract of wheat embryos; 1 pCi of a mixture of 15 L[ 14C]amino acids (therefore approximately 1 p~ in each) supplemented with a 3 X M level of the [12C]amino acids asparagine, cysteine, glutamine, methionine, and tryptophan so as to provide all the amino acids needed for protein biosynthesis; 0.045 M KC1; 0.003 M Mg(OAc)*; 0.0046 M pmercaptoethanol; 0.03 M Tris-C1 (pH 7.6); 40 pg of mRNA; 0.001 M ATP; 2 X M GTP; 0.0042 M phosphoenolpyruvate; and 35 pg of pyruvic kinase. The 30-min incubations employed are sufficient to allow all reactions to go to completion. Analytical Methods. [14C]Amino acid incorporation into protein was assayed by means of scintillation counting of acidprecipitable material collected on Millipore-type HAWP filters after treatment with hot 5 trichloroacetic acid (Conway and Lipmann, 1964). Reactions destined for gel filtration analysis were terminated by 20 min of 25" incubation in the presence of 20-100 pg of pancreatic RNase. This treatment was followed by titration B I O C H E M I S T R Y , VOL. 1 1 , N O . 11 , 1 9 7 2 2009 C L A R K e: a l . .y C 'I WlW ACID YDnURE FIGURE 1 : Amino acid concentration dependence of incorporation of mixture of 15 I+'C] amino acids into protein. to pH 11 with KOH, dialysis against 1% (NH.)CO. and then water until no label was detected in the dialysate, and final freeze-drying of the sample. Labeled protein from one or more reaction mixtures, and carrier proteins where indicated, was taken up in 0.5 ml of 70% formic acid and placed on a 1.2 x 45 cm column of Sephadex G-200 in 70% formic acid at 4O. The column was then eluted (4") with 70% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.05 ml/min. Indicated aliquots of 0.5-ml fractions were analyzed for radioactive label (scintillation counting) and for protein as indicated by 280am absorbing material (spectrophotometry). Fractions included during the above gel filtration process and destined for subsequent fingerprint or gel electrophoretic analysis were pooled and concentrated to dryness by flash evaporation. The dried product was then suspended in water and freeze-dried so as to favor subsequent solubilization. Tryptic and chymotryptic fingerprint analysis was as previously reported (Clark et al., 1965) and used either RNase and KOH-treated, dialyzed, and lyophilized material or similar material resolved by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration as above. Gel electrophoretic analysis also employed protein samples prepared as those used in fingerprint analysis studies. Aliquots (0.1 ml) of such protein@) in 1 % sodium dodecyl sulfate0.1 % 8-mercaptoethanol4.01 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis (Shapiro e f al., 1967) and then cut into I-mm slices, each of which was analyzed by scintillation counting in toluene containing 0.5% 2,5diphenyIoxazole, 0.03 % 1,4-bis[2-(4-methyl-5-phenyloxazolyl)]benzene, 10 Z Beckman BBS I11 solubilizer. Automatic Edman degradation of STNV coat protein was performed essentially as described by Edman and Begg (1967) with an Illinois Tool Co. sequenator. The analinothiazolinone derivatives obtained were converted to their respective amino acids by hydrolysis in 5 8 % HI under reduced pressure at 120". The resultant amino acids were analyzed on a Beckman Model 12OC amino acid analyzer equipped with a millivolt full-scale recorder.


In "answer set programming," solutions to a problem are represented by answer sets, and not by answer substitutions produced in response to a query, as in conventional logic programming. Instead of Prolog, answer set programming uses software systems capable of computing answer sets. This paper is about applications of this idea to planning


SUMMARY In this investigation the largest amount of nitrogen used, 44 kg per hectare, increased leaf size, yield and amount of nicotine in the leaf. The three carriers of N had similar effects on growth and yield at each amount applied but calcium ammonium nitrate produced tobacco inferior in quality to that with ammonium sulphate and urea. Increasing topping height from 8 to 10 and to 12 leaves increased the total leaf area per plant and yields, delayed maturity and lowered the quality of the tobacco. The greatest yield was produced by using 44 kg of N and topping at 12 leaves, but the best quality resulted from using 44 kg of N and topping at 8 leaves.


Abstract The knowledge of intensity and frequency of rainfall allows establishing predictive measures to minimize impacts caused by high volume of rainfall totals in a region. Therefore, the objective is to evaluate daily rainfall for Paraná slope of the Itararé watershed (PSIW) and to verify the spatiotemporal trend of intense and extreme daily rainfall. Rainfall data from 14 stations collected from 1976 to 2012 were used with less than 4% of data faults. Multivariate analysis based on cluster analysis technique (CA) was used applying the Euclidean distance for the identification of homogeneous groups, and the quantiles technique to classify daily rainfall. The Mann-Kendall (MK) test was used to identify trends for annual rainfall totals, annual number of rainy days (ANRD) and for the occurrence of intense (R95p) and extreme (R99p) rainfall. The CA technique identified three rainfall groups (HG I, II and III). Given the latitudinal position of the area, rainfall at the southern sector is characterized by its greater similarities with the subtropical climate, whereas in the North sector there is a consistent reduction of rainfall totals in autumn and, especially, during winter months, which are characteristic of the tropical climate. The MK test identified the downward trend of ANRD, with greater significance for the south-centered sectors of the basin. The observed trends for the intense (R95p) and extreme (R99p) daily rainfall show the predominance of reduction for the Southwest and central sector, followed by a significant increase in the Southeast and North sectors of the PSIW.


Investigation was carried out by surveying nearly 800 households of farmers in Qinba Mountains located in Hanzhong,Ankang,and Shangluo,by which edible and medicinal fungi were produced by using oak resources,such as Auricularia auricular,Gastrodia elata,and Polyporus umbellatus.Fixed costs,total costs,benefits,and resource use efficiency were analyzed and calculated in the procedures of resource feeding,production,and marketing.The results were reported as follows.1)Edible fungi that were produced by households of farmers mainly were consumed by the producers,the fungi were not the dominant income resource for them.In addition,traditional"bed-log"producing method was substituted by sawdust bags,which would results in less damage for oaks.2)High economic benefits could be obtained by producing medicinal fungi,such as G.elata,P.umbellatus,which were popular ways to use wood resources,and would be popularized in future.3)The imperfections of technique,the shortage of labor,the relative lack of funds,the poor transport conditions in mountainous,the unsound risk protection of investment and the rising prices of labor market were the major limited factors to bring about the unbalanced utilization of oak resources in the region.4)In order to raise the level of oak resource use efficiency,five aspects should be emphasized,such as technical training,scale intensive farming,market acquisitions unifying,fungi cultivation optimizing,and service level improving.


Methods for analyzing the spatial motion of a satellite in geostationary orbit in the mode of long-term conservation with occasional activation of the control system are developed. The computer simulation results of a geostationary communication satellite motion during the year with quarterly correction are presented.


A state of the art linux cluster is used for quantum simulations of nanoscale devices. The simulator, nanoMOS-2.0 was modified to speed up the energy integration by distributing the energy grid over several processors. An 88% speed-up was achieved using the Parallel Matlab Interface (PMI). A detailed scattering model was also implemented using the Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) toolkit under Matlab. Near-linear scaling was obtained, allowing self-consistent simulations to be performed in a day using 40 processors instead of a predicted 40 days on a single processor machine. The simulator can be accessed through the nanoHUB, (http://www.nanohub.purdue.edu) which uses the network computing platform, PUNCH, which interoperates with the cluster through the Portable Batch System (PBS).


OBJECTIVE:To prepare Andrographis paniculata extract solid dispersion by using hot-melt extrusion(HME)technology,and to evaluate it in vitro. METHODS:The type of hydrophilic carrier and the proprotion of A. paniculata extract to carrier were screened by single factor test using andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide as index. The preparation technology of A.paniculata extract solid dispersion was optimized. The dissolution rate in vitro was studied,and DSC,SEM,X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the solid dispersion. RESULTS:The optimal technology of A. paniculata extract solid dispersion by HME were as follows:chosing polyethylene caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-soluplus as the carrier;the ratio of A. paniculata extract to soluplus was 1 ∶ 2(m/m);the temperate-rasing program of HME should be 130→135→140→130 ℃;the rotation rate of screw arbor was 27r/min,feeding speed was 15 g/min. The results of physicochemical characterization experiment indicated that A. paniculata extract were in amorphous state in solid dispersion by HME. CONCLUSIONS:HME can disperse A. paniculata extract in amorphous state,and improve its solubility.


Ayurveda believes to eliminate disease completely. There are different causative factors of various diseases these factor may be food, life style or imbalance of tridosha . As per ayurveda disease diagnosis play important role in disease treatment and different disease need different consideration since every individual having specific Prakriti . Since ayurveda treats diseases as per the constitution of an individual thus it is known as a highly accurate and personalized method of analyzing diseases. Mainly all diseases are caused by aggravation of the tridosha i.e. vata, pitta and kapha . In ayurveda " Nidana " encompasses various approaches of disease diagnosis. As per ayurveda various factors contributes significantly towards disease diagnosis. This article describes all those factors which need to be considered for the proper diagnosis and treatment of disease.


Accuracy of glioma grading is fundamental for the diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis of patients. The purpose of this work was to develop a low cost and easy to implement classification model which distinguishes low grade gliomas (LGGs) from high grade gliomas (HGGs), through texture analysis applied to conventional brain MRI. Different combinations between MRI contrasts (T1Gd and T2) and one segmented glioma region (necrotic and non-enhancing tumor core (NCR/NET)) were studied. Texture features obtained from the Gray Level Size Zone Matrix (GLSZM) were calculated. An under-samplig method was proposed to divide the data into different training subsets and subsequently extract complementary information for the creation of distinct classification models. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the models were calculated. The best model was explicitly reported. The best model included only three texture features and reached a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 94.12%, 88.24% and 91.18% respectively. According to the features of the model, when the NCR/NET region was studied, HGGs had a more heterogeneous texture than LGGs in the T1Gd images and LGGs had a more heterogeneous texture than HGGs in the T2 images. These novel results partially contrast with results from literature. The best model proved to be useful for the classification of gliomas. Complementary results showed that heterogeneity of gliomas depended on the studied MRI contrast. The model presented stands out as a simple, low cost, easy to implement, reproducible and highly accurate glioma classifier. What is more important, it should be accessible to populations with reduced economic and scientific resources.


Objective To investigate the apoptosis and pathological changes at early stage of rats′supraspi-natus tendinopathy with overuse.Methods Forty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into eight groups,with 5rats in each group.Seven exercise groups were subjected to an overuse protocol that consists of downhill running(10%grade)at 17m/min for 1h/day,5days/week,for 1,2,3,4,5,6weeks,another group rats underwent six weeks running and two weeks rest.Control group of rats served as nonrunning time 0week.Paraffin sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE)for rou-tine histologic examination.Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)method and Caspase 3activaty assay in which the frequency of the apoptotic cells was expressed by the apoptotic index.Results The supraspinatus tendons from 5,6,8wexercise groups showed significant degeneration.The apoptotic indices were significantly higher in 5,6wgroups than in the 0wcontrol group.Conclusion Overuse seems cause supraspinatus tendon degeneration and apoptosis of the tendon cells.


The Web services classification is the process that automatically assigns a category from a list of predefined categories to the Web service described as a WSDL document and where the purpose is to improve the Web services discovery process speed. The aim of this paper is to propose an optimization approach based on the attributes selection of Web services descriptions, to automatically classify Web services found in UDDI registers in predefined categories. The proposed approach combines the meta-heuristic of Stochastic Local Search (SLS) with a supervised learning method. The purpose of this work is to optimize the classification rate of the classifier by choosing the relevant attributes that best represents the Web service. First, we propose a classification method that uses a stochastic local search (SLS) for the attributes selection, then, in a second phase, the approach calls for a supervised classification method to perform the classification task. To this end, we studied six well-known classifiers which are: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes (NB), k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Bayesian Network (BN), Random Tree (RT), and Random Forests (RF). The six hybrid methods which are: SVM+SLS, NB+SLS, k-NN+SLS, BN+SLS, RT+SLS, and RF+SLS are evaluated on seven real datasets. The results are interesting and demonstrate the benefits of the proposed approaches for Web service classification.


Moreover, it is known that the Hahn-Banach extension property and a Dedekind completeness, which is equivalent the least upper bound property, are equivalent in a partially ordered vector space [2, 9, 17]. The Hahn-Banach theorem is often proved by using the Zorn lemma. On the other hand, Hirano, Komiya, and Takahashi [8] showed the Hahn-Banach theorem by using the MarkovKakutani fixed point theorem [10] in the case where the range space is the real number system. In this paper, in Section 3, using the Bourbaki-Kneser fixed point theorem, we give a new proof of the Hahn-Banach theorem and the Mazur-Orlicz theorem in the case where the range space is a Dedekind complete partially ordered vector space (Theorem 3.3, Theorem 3.4). In Section 4, we give a new proof of the separation theorem in a Cartesian product of the vector space and Dedekind complete partially ordered vector space (Theorem 4.1); see [6, 7, 15]. The BourbakiKneser fixed point theorem is proved without using the Zorn lemma; see [11]. Therefore the theorems above are proved without using the Zorn lemma.


As a new recombination material, the steel fiber concrete has the great significance in bridge road construction. It presents the performance, mixture design, application of this kind steel fiber concrete, and the notices for construction.


Properties of sea ice are the cumulative result of environmental conditions. We investigate for one particular case to what extent observed ice properties can be related to environmental conditions inferred from large-scale products. Drifting first-year sea ice was investigated in Fram Strait during a ColdTech expedition onboard Norwegian icebreaker KV Svalbard in March 2012. First-year sea ice adjacent to a pressure ridge was investigated. Ice properties investigated at multiple locations include ice thickness and snow depth, sea ice salinity profiles, vertical profiles of sea ice fabric, and block size of the pressure ridge. The salinity profile followed a C-shape typical of first-year sea ice. The ice fabric was mostly columnar with distinct breaks in the crystal profile and localized frazil ice inclusions. An attempt was made to re-create the history of the ice using a drift trajectory derived from the OSI-405 Low Resolution Sea Ice Drift product of met.no. The drift track suggested several periods of deformations and stagnation. Weather data corresponding to the drift track were derived from both NCEP and ERA Interim reanalyses. The relationship between ice thickness and time was inferred from degree-day models, and the salinity profile was reconstructed from a combination of degree-day model and a simple salinity parameterization. Positions of the breaks in crystal structure were inferred from the growth history of the degree-day model in conjunction with drift and deformation events along the reconstructed drift trajectory. Reconstructed ice properties were found to be consistent with observations. However, random errors in measurements and potential systematic errors of reanalyses, models and parameterizations call for a repeat of the analyses based on larger datasets.


This paper presents a model in which resource allocation are calculated in real-time by boundedly rational members of an administrative staa. We consider a class of hierarchical procedures in which information about cost functions ows up and is aggregated by a hierarchy, while allocations ow down and are disag-gregated by the hierarchy. We assume that the cost functions are quadratic and that the cost parameters follow rst-order autoregressive processes, and thereby derive a tractable reduced form. The model distinguishes between decentralized information processing and decentralized decision making in organizations, and shows that decentralized decision making can be advantageous due to information processing delay, even in the absence of information transmission costs. The reduced form can be used to address speciic questions about organizational structure and returns to scale.


Normal 0 21 MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} Health Education (HE) as a social practice directed to the population represents an important possibility to extend the landscape of the promotion of the health practice in the community. The HE's concept, where everybody is recognized as carriers of knowledge and, therefore allowed to liberate these potentials, supports that this type of practices should find the need for horizontality of the health programs, being opposed to the fragmentary and individual reductionist approach, generating integrity principles between health professionals and patients. The purpose of this study is to know about the care forms on the oral component of the health existing in students parents who could participate in an education program in  relation to the selected sociodemographic variables.  The educational level, which enables certain occupations, drew differences in protection references representations, making parents with more EL worrying about the application of the biosecurity measures that would be implemented in the program. The differences were shown in the minor EL groups in reference to the difficulties to support their and their family oral health.


Long pulse (of the order of 1000 s or more) SST-1 tokamak experiments demand a data acquisition system that is capable of acquiring data from various diagnostics channels without losing useful data (and hence physics information) while avoiding unnecessary generation of a large volume data. SST-1 Phase-1 tokamak operation has been envisaged with data acquisition of several essential diagnostics channels. These channels demand data acquisition at a sampling rate ranging from 1 kilo samples per second (KSPS) to 1 mega samples per second (MSPS). Considering the technical characteristics and requirements of the diagnostics, a data acquisition system based on PXI and CAMAC has been developed for SST-1 plasma diagnostics. Both these data acquisition systems are scalable. Present data acquisition needs involving slow plasma diagnostics are catered by the PXI based data acquisition system. On the other hand, CAMAC data acquisition hardware meets all requirements of the SST-1 Phase-1 fast plasma diagnostics channels. A graphical user interface for both data acquisition systems (PXI and CAMAC) has been developed using LabVIEW application development software. The collected data on the local hard disk are directly streaming to the central server through a dedicated network for post-shot data analysis. This paper describes the development and integration of the data acquisition system for SST-1 Phase-1 plasma diagnostics. The integrated testing of the developed data acquisition system has been performed using SST-1 central control and diagnostics signal conditioning units. In the absence of plasma shots, the integrated testing of the data acquisition system for the initial diagnostics of SST-1 Phase-1 operation has been performed with simulated physical signals. The primary engineering objective of this integrated testing is to validate the performance of the developed data acquisition system under simulated conditions close to that of actual tokamak operation. The data acquisition is synchronized with a clock and trigger provided by the central timing system.


The term 'systemic innovation' is increasing in use. However, there is no consensus on its meaning: four different ways of using the term can be identified in the literature. Most people simply define it as a type of innovation where value can only be derived when the innovation is synergistically integrated with other complementary innovations, going beyond the boundaries of a single organization. Therefore, the term 'systemic' refers to the existence of a co-ordinated innovation system. A second, less frequent use of the term makes reference to the development of policies and governance at a local, regional or national scale to create an enabling environment for the above kind of synergistic, multi-organizational innovations. Here, 'systemic' means recognition that innovation systems can be enabled and/or constrained by a meta-level policy system. The third use of the term, which is growing in popularity, says that an innovation is 'systemic' when its purpose is to change the fundamental nature of society; for instance, to deliver on major transitions concerning ecological sustainability. What makes this systemic is acknowledgement of the existence of a systems hierarchy (systems nested within each other): innovation systems are parts of economic systems, which are parts of societal systems, and all societies exist on a single planetary ecological system. Collaboration is required across organizational and national boundaries to change the societal laws and norms that govern economic systems, which will place new enablers and constraints on innovations systems in the interests of sustainability. The fourth use of the term 'systemic innovation' concerns how the people acting to bring about an innovation engage in a process to support systemic thinking, and it is primarily this process and the thinking it gives rise to that is seen as systemic rather than the innovation system that they exist within or are trying to create. It is this fourth understanding of 'systemic' that accords with most of the literature on systems thinking published between the late 1970s and the present day. The paper offers an overview of what systems thinkers mean by 'systemic', and this not only enables us to provide a redefinition of 'systemic innovation', but it also helps to show how all three previous forms of innovation that have been described as systemic can be enhanced by the practice of systems thinking.


The studies were performed using Ru–103 as a tracer. The volatilization of Ru from ruthenium containing liquids, like HAW-solutions, is about 15%. A chemical denitration of these solutions with HCHO or HCOOH reduces the volatilization to about 2%. Additional catalytic reduction with Fe-powder lowers the volatilization to about 4 ‰. The carry over of Ru seems to depend on the aerosol production rate and not the vapor pressure. Only RuO 2 could be detected in the off-gas.


With the rapid development of modern society, people's quality of life is developing rapidly. At the same time, people's demand for health care system is also increasing. In recent years, the growing demand for the health system of the people has been far from meeting the needs of the common people. Based on the above reasons, this paper designs a health service system based on cloud platform, and carries out the requirement analysis, overall design and detailed design of the system. Through this system, blood pressure and blood glucose can be detected in real time, and the data can be viewed through the mobile phone. Finally, in order to realize the real-time storage of massive data after measurement, the system is based on the cloud platform to store the data.


ABSTRACT Feature selection plays a vital role in image classification task. With the advent of deep learning, significant efforts have been made in developing deep architectures with the aim of getting relevant features. Moreover, deep architectures require large number of training data and also the training time is very high. Due to scarcity of high-dimensional remote-sensing images, many researchers adopted pre-trained deep architectures as feature extractors. When transferring these large number of features to train the classification layer, the network still overfits, yielding inaccurate classification results. To overcome this issue to some extent, we proposed two feature ranking methods to further refining the features transferred from pre-trained inception architecture for scene classification task. Another important fact is that down sampling large images to the input size of the pre-trained architecture causes loss of some informative pixels, so in our framework, we fed image patches of size equal to the size of the input layer of the pre-trained inception and then the features extracted from all the patches are combined. Finally, we compared our framework with some existing methods and obtained acceptable results.


We describe a fairly comprehensive handling of the syntax and semantics of comparative constructions. The analysis is largely based on the theory developed by Pinkham, but we advance arguments to support a different handling of phrasal comparatives - in particular, we use direct interpretation instead of C-ellipsis. We explain the reasons for dividing comparative sentences into different categories, and for each category we give an example of the corresponding Montague semantics. The ideas have all been implemented within a large-scale grammar for Swedish.


To enhance the sensitivity of an ELISA developed for the acaricide/insecticide fenazaquin, the length of the spacer arm attached to the 7-position of the quinazoline ring in the hapten (H-I) used previously as an immunogen was shortened, and this modified hapten (H-IV) was then used as an immunogen. The new immunogen used to raise polyclonal antibodies was designated 3-(4-(4-tert-butylbenzyloxy)quinazolin-7-ylcarbamoyl)propanoic acid. Under optimized conditions of a competitive indirect ELISA (ciELISA), the former IC50 value of 96.97 ng/mL was reduced to 42.13 ng/mL, and the detection range was 10.96–161.91 ng/mL, the lowest detection limit being 1.8 ng/mL. HPLC was run to compare with and to validate the ELISA with fortified fruit and water samples; the correlation was 0.997–1.000 (n=4-5) with a slope of 0.905–1.112. The recoveries of fenazaquin from fortified samples by the ELISA ranged from 90.61 to 115.12%, which is acceptable as an ELISA for residue analysis.


Bala in Ayurveda physiology is a multidimensional factor that refers to physical and psychological strength and the ability produced in response to antigen exposure and resistance against the manifestation of disease. It has also been synonymously used for components providing strength, nourishment, and stability to the body such as Oja, Vyadhikshamatva, Balya, Sara, Balavriddhikara Bhava, Prakrita Sleshma. The Bala of a person is determined by a complex interaction of multifactor such as Balavriddhikara Bhava, Dhatu Sarata, Prakriti, indulgence in dietary and behavioural activities, inherent qualities, etc. Further, it has also been opined that the Bala of a person cannot be assessed by just observing his body physique, as it has been seen that a person having a well-formed body does not always have good strength. In contrast, a person with a lean body may have excellent stability. As the Bala of a person serves as an important criterion for assessment of the severity as well as prognosis of disease, there is a need for the development of objective parameters for its assessment and implication in clinical practices.


The micromechanical behavior and mechanical properties of thick graph ite/epoxy composite laminates were studied experimentally using high-sensitivity moire interferometry and strain gages. Quasi-isotropic and cross-ply laminates were in vestigated. Specimens were loaded in in-plane compression and interlaminar compres sion. Strong free-edge effects were documented, including high interlaminar shear strains and normal strains. Average or smeared values of Young's moduli and Poisson's ratio were measured.


Arranging I/Os in a matrix array over the core circuitry of an IC generally provides 5-10 times more I/Os than the traditional method of restricting pads to the periphery. This approach also minimizes overall die size. In this paper we describe the development of a new area-array pad router which differs from other approaches in that no additional metal layer is added (unless needed) and no redistribution is required. We describe the design implementation of this technique and show the results of applying this router on designs requiring 112, 298, 414 and 485 I/Os.


Mining for association rules is one of the fundamental data mining methods. In this paper we describe how to efficiently integrate association rule mining algorithms with relational database systems. From our point of view direct access of the algorithms to the database system is a basic requirement when transferring data mining technology into daily operation. This is especially true in the context of large data warehouses, where exporting the mining data and preparing it outside the database system becomes annoying or even infeasible. The development of our own approach is mainly motivated by shortcomings of current solutions. We investigate the most challenging problems by contrasting the prototypical but somewhat academic association mining scenario from basket analysis with a real-world application. We thoroughly compile the requirements arising from mining an operative data warehouse at DaimlerChrysler. We generalize the requirements and address them by developing our own approach. We explain its basic design and give the details behind our implementation. Based on the warehouse, we evaluate our own approach together with commercial mining solutions. It turns out that regarding runtime and scalability we clearly outperform the commercial tools accessible to us. More important, our new approach supports mining tasks that are not directly addressable by commercial mining solutions.


During the past year I have treated two cases of impacted fracture of the neck of the femur; one I took charge of within the first twenty-four hours after injury; the second, after four months had gone by. They differed as much in age, manner of production of injury and treatment as in the results obtained. Case 1.History. —Mrs. K. C, Sherman, Cal., aged 76, widow, born in Virginia, of large frame and good health, except for rheumatism of knees. June 22, 1903, while walking on a boardwalk in her garden, she slipped and fell heavily on right hip and thigh, producing a severe contusion and pain, and was unable to get up or stand. She was put to bed and a physician summoned from Hollywood. He carefully examined her, and, diagnosing fracture, put on Buck's extension with a 10-pound


Abstract : The Congress directed the Secretary of Defense to provide two studies on the future fleet architectures by January 2005. One study was to be conducted by one of the Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs), and the other by the Office of Force Transformation (OFT) within the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). The two studies were to be conducted independently and to be cognizant of projected and programmed naval platforms, but not to be constrained by them. The Center for Naval Analyses (CNA) was selected to conduct the FFRDC study. To assist in the OFT study, the sponsor requested several organizations, including the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA), to provide inputs. After receiving and deliberating on these inputs, the OFT produced a report in January 2005 for the Congress. This IDA document, written as a stand-alone report, served as one input to the OFT report. Some of the OFT report findings are drawn from analyses described in this document. Nonetheless, the results found here represent the views of IDA and not necessarily those of the OFT.


The equation of iron driving mechanism motion expressed in terms of transferring motion operators was formulated earlier. However, it is not sufficient for solving the problem of defining trade-related and technological equipment improvement methods. It is necessary to create the mathematical model of the considered mechanism not only based on transferring motion operators, but also on the basis of specific actions. In addition, effective outlays in mechanical environments must be also considered.


Scattering of electromagnetic waves from a turbulent plasma slab is studied. Part of the effects of the multiple scattering is taken into account. The reflection coefficient is found to be increased and its variation with respect to the slab thickness is smoothed out by the random scattering.


Describing the cultural and historical relationship between China and Japan, there are several well-known proverbs in Chinese. The most familiar one perhaps is 一衣带水 (yiyi daishui; lit. a narrow strip of water), emphasizing the two countries' geographic proximity and cultural affinity. Of course, this is a bit of an exaggeration, for what separates the two countries is not "a strip of water," but rather a wide ocean that is rather difficult to cross over, especially in premodern times. Although difficult, however, many efforts were made by the people on both sides to reach and communicate with the other in history. As a result, cultural exchanges not only occurred but also blossomed at times. Meanwhile, from the end of the nineteenth century, China and Japan clashed with each other in war, resulting in hostility and animosity between the two, and the painful memories remain visible and sometimes even fresh to this day. This year, for example, marks the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II. As Chinese leaders celebrate the country's victory over Japan, their Japanese counterparts are ruminating on whether and how they should admit and even apologize their country's invasion across Asia in the early twentieth century. Over the past several decades, Chinese historians have published a wide range of scholarly works on the vicissitude of Sino-Japanese relations in both the past and the present. Similar to our previous issues, a small selection of four articles in this one by no means does full justice to their scholarly accomplishment. We only hope to provide a few samples demonstrating their research interest and scope on the subject. Qiao Zhizhong's article on the influence of the Eighteen Histories in Brief (十八史略 Shiba shilue) in Edo and Meiji Japan, for instance, reveals an important aspect in the formation of the cultural tie between the two countries. From approximately the seventh century, the Chinese tradition of historical writing served as an exemplar for the Japanese. The Six National Histories (六国史 Rikkokushi), which include Nihon Shoki and Shoku Nihongi, two of the earliest historical works in Japan, were an outcome of this imitation. And in the subsequent centuries while Chinese influence apparently waned, Japanese historians remained interested in reading Chinese texts and following their style in preserving and presenting their knowledge of the past. The persistent popularity of the Eighteen Histories in Brief, analyzed by Qiao here, is but one example. Not only was it a history text favored by the Meiji Emperor (the book is in display in the Meiji Shrine), but its format and style were also adopted by historians in the period—one of the first history texts produced by historians working for the Meiji government, appearing in 1872, is indeed entitled History in Brief (史略 shiryaku). While Japanese historians retained their interest in Chinese historiography in the nineteenth century, many of their compatriots apparently already had a change of mind, especially after they encountered China firsthand. Sheng Banghe's study of the Senzai Waru 千岁丸 ship's visit to China in 1862 offers some illumination. The visit was significant in shaping China-Japan relations in modern times, for among its passengers were a group of samurai eager to learn about the changing world. Takasugi Shinsaku 高杉晋作 (1839–67), who later played an instrumental role in effecting the Meiji Restoration, was one of them. By and large, the visit opened the eyes of these Japanese that while a once formidable empire, China under the Qing dynasty (1644–1911) was in a shambles, plagued not only by the Taiping Rebellion (1851–64) but also by the opium addition and other related social and moral problems that had corrupted the mind of the country's ruling mandarin class. To the Japanese visitors,


Uncertainty about the association between health risks and exposure to radiofrequency radiation emitted by cellular and cordless mobile phones can be addressed by a critical analysis of the methodology used in studies assessing this relationship. Studies funded by cellphone companies give reassuring conclusions but are affected by biases and flaws, whereas public-funded studies are without these errors and show acute and chronic effects, including head tumors, findings supported by biological evidence. ____________________ *A.P.P.L.E., Associazione Per la Protezione e la Lotta all'Elettrosmog [association for action and awareness-raising on non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF) health risks], www.applelettrosmog.it, Italy **AIE, Associazione Italiana Elettrosensibili (association for electromagnetic hypersensitivity), www.elettrosensibili.it, Italy HEALTH EFFECTS OF MOBILE PHONE USAGE 2 INTRODUCTION We provide an overview of the relationship between exposure to cellular and cordless phone radiofrequencies and possible health effects. One key concern is the large disparity between the results from publicand from private-funded research. Drawing on Tomatis (2005), founder and long-serving (1969-1993) head of International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the method used in many private-funded studies is such as to raise background noise, increasing confusion, thereby making assessment of risk more difficult. It is thus important to critically assess the scientific validity of these studies: a crucial point we raise is the conflicts of interest often affecting the parties involved, whether individual scientists, international journals, or safety agencies. The implications are far reaching, going beyond the lack of awareness in mobile phone (MP) users regarding health risks, and limited insight on potential improvements due to failures in scientific research. The prime consequence is that collective decisions concerning how these devices should be produced and made available are precluded by the fallacious scientific knowledge that vested interests explicitly pursue. A pioneer study exposing carcinogenic risk arising from MP use was published by Hardell (Hardell et al., 2002) of the Dept Oncology, University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden. This seminal work has now been extended by a number of notable authors: Davis (Davis, 2010) of the Environmental Health Trust, Tetom Village, WY USA; Gee (Gee, 2009) at the European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark; Lloyd Morgan (Lloyd Morgan, 2009) in Albany, CA USA; Kundi (Kundi, 2009) at the Environmental Health Institute, University of Vienna, Austria. In addition, one of the present authors, Levis (Levis et al., 2011), has worked in this field for more than 10 years, and has frequently been called as an expert witness to give evidence in the context of MP court cases. Investigators in newer areas of research, tackling the increasing challenges of acute and chronic effects of electrohypersensitivity, include Johansson (Johansson, 2006) at the Karolinska Institute and Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Khurana (Khurana, 2010) at the Australian National University Medical School, Garran, Australia; HEALTH EFFECTS OF MOBILE PHONE USAGE 3 and Grigoriev (Grigoriev 2011) at the Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia.


In this paper an Iterative Optimization-based Simulation (IOS) framework is designed, developed and examined. This framework includes a threefold contribution of Simulation, Optimization and Database Manager. In this IOS model, optimization takes place repeatedly at the model's operational level to optimize the combination of system's state variables during the simulation run. Predefined trigger events momentarily pause the simulation and activate optimization in order to optimize the system's configuration. This cycle replicates until the simulation reaches its timespan. By deploying this promising IOS model, practitioners can take advantage of a long-term simulation run of their system, while it optimizing several times according to the occurrence of predefined incidents. The main concern here is the trade-off between simulation and optimization which is examined in this study. The results prove a positive impact of the IOS approach on the system's performance measures, although it takes longer to execute compared to the Non-IOS approaches.


In this thesis I investigate causal inquiry in the social sciences, drawing on examples from various disciplines and in particular from conflict studies. In a backlash against the pervasiveness of statistical methods, in the last decade certain social scientists have focused on finding the causal mechanisms behind observed correlations. To provide evidence for such mechanisms, researchers increasingly rely on 'process tracing', a method which attempts to give evidence for causal relations by specifying the chain of events connecting a putative cause and effect of interest.
I will ask whether the causal claims process tracers make are defensible, and where they are not defensible I will ask how we can improve the method. Throughout these investigations, I show that the conclusions of process tracing (and indeed ofthe social sciences more generally) are constrained both by the causal structure ofthe social world and by social scientists' aims and values.
My central argument is this: all instances of social phenomena have causally relevant differences, which implies that any research design that requires some comparison between cases (like process tracing) is limited by how we systematize these phenomena. Moreover, such research cannot rely on stable regularities. Nevertheless, to forego causal conclusions altogether is not the right response to these limitations; by carefully outlining our epistemic assumptions we can make
progress in causal inquiry.
While I use philosophical theories of causation to comment on the feasibility of a social scientific method, I also do the reverse: by investigating a popular contemporary method in the social sciences, I show to what extent our philosophical theories of causation are workable in practice. Thus, this thesis is both a methodological and a philosophical work. Every chapter discusses both a fundamental philosophical position on the social sciences and a relevant case study from the social sciences.


We have developed five introductory electricity and magnetism lessons composed of student activities centering on analysis of short clips from popular movies. We describe our motivation for doing this, the kinds of activities, and offer our materials to those interested.


Objective:To study the efficacy of silica gel membrane(SGM) with tissue-engineered bone in repair of rabbit radial defect.Methods:Defects measured 1.5 cm of bone and periosteum were artificially made in both right and left radial bones of 18 healthy New Zealand rabbits.The left defects were treated with SGM wrapped with tissue-engineered bone as experiment group,and the right ones were treated with tissue-engineered bone only as control group.Histological changes of defects were examined in 3,6,and 9 months after the implantation.By the end of 9 months,all animals were sacrificed and biomechanical strength of the radius was analyzed.Results:By the end of the 3rd month,mature new bone regions were found in experiment group,but not in control group.By the end of the 6th month,more mature new bone regions with plenty of capillary were found in experimental group.By the end of the 9th month,the ossification zone of experimental group was almost filled by mature collagen fibers and the texture was regular with obvious capillary.The biomechanical strength of radius in experiment group showed no significant statistical difference from that of normal radius(P0.05),but was better than that in control group(P0.05).Conclusions:SGM combined with tissue-engineered bone shows good effects in repairing of rabbit radial defect both in promoting the growth and maturing of bone tissue,and in raising the biomechanic strength of bone.The mechanism might be that SGM has an important effect in protecting defect area from invading of connective tissue and guiding the regeneration of capillary.


Systematically review recent advances in clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the prevention and treatment of chronic severe hepatitis(CSH) from the perspectives of etiology and pathogenesis,and differ-entiation of syndrome and disease.We believe that TCM has definite efficacy and a unique advantage in the treatment of this disease.Moreover,with the hope of providing some new insights into the search for more effective treatment for this disease,our discussion focuses on problems in previous studies and obstacles to be conquered in the future.


This article discusses problems during modeling of the denture's elastic base. The basic simplifications adopted in the analysis allows the use of formulae taken from the theory of elasticity.


To support high-level wind energy utilization, wind power prediction has become a more and more attractive topic. To improve prediction accuracy and flexibility, joint point-interval prediction of wind power via a stepwise procedure is studied in this paper. Firstly, time-information-granularity (TIG) is defined for ultra-short-term wind speed prediction. Hidden features of wind speed in TIGs are extracted via principal component analysis (PCA) and classified via adaptive affinity propagation (ADAP) clustering. Then, Gaussian process regression (GPR) with joint point-interval estimation ability is adopted for stepwise prediction of the wind power, including wind speed prediction and wind turbine power curve (WTPC) modeling. Considering the sequential uncertainties of stepwise prediction, theoretical support for an uncertainty enlargement effect is deduced. Uncertainties' transmission from single-step or receding multi-step wind speed prediction to wind power prediction is explained in detail. After that, normalized indexes for point-interval estimation performance are presented for GPR parameters' optimization via a hybrid particle swarm optimization-differential evolution (PSO-DE) algorithm. K-fold cross validation (K-CV) is used to test the model stability. Moreover, due to the timeliness of data-driven GPR models, an evolutionary prediction mechanism via sliding time window is proposed to guarantee the required accuracy. Finally, measured data from a wind farm in northern China are acquired for validation. From the simulation results, several conclusions can be drawn: the multi-model structure has insignificant advantages for wind speed prediction via GPR; joint point-interval prediction of wind power is realizable and very reasonable; uncertainty enlargement exists for stepwise prediction of wind power while it is more significant after receding multi-step prediction of wind speed; a reasonable quantification mechanism for uncertainty is revealed and validated.


On the base of summing up the present discipline conditions of Chemical Engineering and Marine Sciences in our college,the main problems existing in the laboratory construction and management were analyzed.According to the similarities between the two disciplines,the basic measure was put forward,that Marine Chemicals Experiment Center should be incorporated so that the resources on laboratories,instrumental equipments and teams of experiment technique can be shared and the optimizing disposition was carried out.It had great significance to strengthen laboratory management and deepen laboratory system reform.


The focus of the study was to identify what common features enables dyslexic students to achieve higher education. This was done by interviewing nine dyslexic students that had successfully achieved higher education and were currently studying at Reykjavík University (HR). The study also focused on upper secondary school experience of the students, with a emphasis on foreign language learning. A teacher of a dyslexia course was also interviewed to get a broader experience on the topic. The findings of the research was that the participants commonly indicated that they had received support that helped them achieve higher education. Another finding of the study was that the participants all had characteristics that helped them become successful; perseverance and maturity. Motivation and self-esteem was also reported to help these students. Other findings were that the participants found foreign language learning difficult. English was reported to be especially difficult, as few of the participants claimed that they thought English was the most difficult subject in secondary school. English was found to be considered important tool by the participants as some of them had gone to language schools or moved abroad just to learn the language.


We develop a rate allocation scheme for two-sided networks where both contents providers (CPs) and end users (EUs) participate in deciding data rate. For rate allocation, our scheme splits the network congestion price into network usage prices by CP and EU, respectively. Using this property, we show that our scheme maximizes the aggregate utility of CPs and EUs, while maximizing the net utility of each CP and EU.


Fiber optic end face inspection microscopes must provide consistent results to obtain agreement on product quality throughout the supply chain. Chrome on glass artifacts, with defect diameters spanning the range of interest, were shown to provide quantitative measurement of the reproducibility across multiple FastMT scopes.


Abstract : Some fishes of the southwestern Atlantic are considered dangerous to man. These fishes belong to two groups: (a) fishes with poison-producing glands or organs, and (b) fishes that acquire poisonous properties due to the action of saprophytic bacteria which enter them. The moray eel family (Muraenidae) is one of the few fishes with poisonous bites. Among the actively poisonous the ones possessing puncturing poisonous apparatus are more common. Numerous representatives of these are given. (Modified author abstract)


[Objective]To investigate the level of hemoglobin in the healthy population in lahsa.[Methods]1 359 healthy adults were tested for HGB.Statistical analysis were performed by using SPSS 13.0 software.[Results]There was significantly difference between the Chinese immigrants and natives lived Tibetans in the mean Hb,the Chinese immigrants was higher than the natives lived Tibetans(166.6 g/L ± 24.16 g/L vs 160.9 g/L ± 23.41 g/L,P = 0.000),and the men was higher than the women(178.2g/L ± 20.04g/L vs 148.15g/L±16.9g/L,P=0.000);The incidence of HAPC was 5%.The men was higher than women(4.86% vs 0.15%,P = 0.000).The natives lived Tibetans was higher than the Chinese immigrants(2.7% vs 2.3%,P = 0.000).Forty to forty-nine age was the highest(1.78%,P = 0.009).The women and the men of the incidence of anemia was 1.56% and 0.22%,respectively.There was no significantly difference in the natives lived Tibetans or the Chinese immigrants(P = 0.052 and P = 0.22).[Conclusion]There was difference between the natives lived Tibetans and the Chinese immigrants in the blood routine.


Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a commonly used method to study and understand heart-related diseases. People with a history of heart ailments have the long record of ECGs for diagnostic purposes, which results in the requirement of a large amount of storage space and huge manual labor. Hence, there is a need for an automatic system which involves digital signal integration and analysis. This is done effectively using Compressive Sensing. In this study, we propose Compressive Sensing as a way to convert ECG information from paper charts into digital ECG signals using an MATLAB based tool. This is done by using Pan Tompkins algorithm for detection of QRS complex in the ECG signal and Huffman coding for compression and encryption. The compression rate of proposed algorithm is found to be 92 %. The proposed method has been validated using the ECG records from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. It also outperforms other well-known methods in pathological ECG signals in terms of performance measures such as SNR and Threshold.


In the rye silages (control and with additive) microbiota isolation and identification (total count of bacteria, coliform bacteria, enterococci, lactic acid bacteria and microscopic filamentous fungi) and occurrence of mycotoxins were evaluated. Total count of bacteria on Plate count agar at 30 °C for 48-72 hours, coliform bacteria on McConkey agar at 37 °C for 24-48 hours, enterococci on Enterococcus selective agar at 37 °C for 48-72 hours, lactic acid bacteria on De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe agar, Mayeux, Sandine and Elliker and All Purpose TWEEN® agar 37 °C for 48-72 hours in microaerophilic condition and microscopic filamentous fungi on Malt extract agar at 25 °C for 7 days were evaluated and identified with mass spectrometry. The most isolated family from both types of silage was Lactobacillaceae . The most isolated species from the control group was Lentilactobacillus buchneri (22%) and lowest number of isolated species was Mucor spp. The most isolated species from silage with additive was Lactobacillus gasseri (16%). The ELISA method (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) with using reader at wavelength 650 nm for detection and quantification of mycotoxins (total aflatoxins, total ochratoxins, total fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and T-2/HT-2 toxin) was used. The rye silages of control and with additive were characterized by occurrence of all analyzed mycotoxins, whereas deoxynivalenol was mycotoxin with the highest concentration. The rye silages with additive had significantly lower content of total aflatoxins compared to the control, while significantly higher concentration of total ochratoxins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and T-2/HT-2 toxin was determined.


Performance e v aluation of the 685MW Afam VI combined cycle power plant (CCPP) in Nigeria was carried out using energy and exergy analyses approach. The data used were the plant's design data and operating data for 2013-2015. The plant is made up of three gas turbine generation sets of 165 MW each and a condensate-type steam turbine of 190 MW. Each sub-component of the plant was analyzed separately with a view of pinpointing the component with highest source of exergy destruction. The results showed that the combustion chamber (CC) had mean exergy efficiency of 14.02% and highest mean exergy destruction value of 11363986 kW. The least mean exergy destruction of 56.378 kW was found in the pump.


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Although music is generally acknowledged as a power ful tool for eliciting emotions, little is known co ncerning the neurobiological basis of these emotions. In a p reliminary study, the neurobiological basis of emot ional valence judgements while listening to complex audit ory stimuli was investigated. Cortical DC-EEG-activa on patterns were recorded from 16 right-handed student s. Students listened to 160 short sequences taken f rom the repertoires of jazz, rock-pop, classical music and e vironmental sounds (each n=40). Emotional valences of the perceived stimuli were rated on a five-step scale a ft r each sequence. Brain activation patterns while list ning revealed widespread bilateral fronto-temporal activ tion, but showed a highly significant lateralisati on effect: positive emotional attributions were accompanied by an increase in left-temporal activation, negative attributions by a more bilateral pattern with preponderance of t he right fronto-temporal cortex. The results are in keeping with Davidson's "Hemisphere hypothesis", saying the valence judgements are processed in different hemispheres depending on whether positive or negati ve emotions are reported.


Objective: To analyze the clinical value of surgery combined with modified Shengyang Yiwei decoction and Yanghe decoction in the treatment of refractory plasma cell mastitis. Methods: Ninety-two patients with refractory plasma cell mastitis were selected and randomly divided into a control group (46 cases, treated with surgery) and a study group (46 cases, treated with modified Shengyang Yiwei decoction and Yanghe decoction on the basis of the control group). The clinical efficacy, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom score, treatment duration, recurrence rate, and quality of life were compared. Results: The total effective rate in the study group was significantly higher than it was in the control group (P<0.01). The TCM symptom score in the study group was significantly lower than it was in the control group (P<0.001). The treatment duration in the study group was significantly shorter than it was in the control group (P<0.001). The recurrence rate in the study group was significantly lower than the rate in the control group (P<0.05). The quality of life in the study group was significantly higher than it was in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: The combination of Shengyang Yiwei decoction and Yanghe decoction and surgery has a significant effect in the treatment of refractory plasma cell mastitis, and significantly reduces the clinical symptoms, shortens the treatment duration and lowers the recurrence rate.


Iron oxide supported in quartz had been done. This research were studied activation in quartz, effect of pH and ion Fe 2+ concentration to the iron oxide formation in quartz and quartz itself. Activation were done using variation of activator concentration and time contact. The variation of activator concentration were 1 and 4M, and variation of the time contact were 15, 30, 60, 90 and 1440 minutes (24 hours). Quartz in optimum condition of activation was used for the supporting processes. Processes were conducted in ion exchange method. Supporting processes were done using variation of pH and ion Fe 2+ concentration. The variation of pH were 5, 7 and 9, and variation of ion Fe 2+ concentration were 0, 0,001, 0,005 and 0,01M. The sampels were analyzed using gravimetric and X-Ray Diffraction methods. The result showed that the acidity of quartz increased after activation comparing with quartz before activation. It means the activation sites formed in quartz. The activation reached optimum condition in activator concentration 1M and the time contact was 30 minutes. The result showed that supporting processes affected by pH and ion Fe 2+ concentration. Iron oxide supported in pH 7 and 9, and maximum supported in concentration of ion Fe 2+ 0,005M.


Classical formal concept analysis can't deal with rough and uncertain information, so the research on rough concept lattice and information express has important significance. There is an interesting relationship between approximate space and concept lattice in the rough set theory. The upper-lower approximation and variable precision in rough set theory are introduced into concept lattice, this paper proposes a rough concept lattice model of variable precision. Two parameters beta1 and beta2 are adopted to represent the roughness of the objects and attributes respectively in a rough concept and the approximate mapping between objected set and attribute set is defined by changing the traditional Galois connection. According to the different parameter beta1 and beta2 given by user, the rough concept lattice with different roughness can be obtained.


To obtain the ultrasonic condition,the concentration of total sugar was determined by employing one-factor-at-a-time-technique method.Based on the results,orthogonal rotational regression design was employed.The optimum technology was as follows: the ratio of solid-liquid was 1∶21.87,ultrasonic irradiation time 47.607 min.Under this condition,the concentration of the glucose was 8.95 g/L,twenty-four times more than enzymatic hydrolysis of raw corn stover.


Photorefractive crystals are one of the most efficient nonlinear optical media for recording real-time holograms with relatively low intensity requirements. This is because of their practically unlimited recyclability and they can be recorded and erased in this medium with sufficiently high sensitivity. Innovative geometries have been proposed by various authors to record holograms in these crystals with and without using applied electric field across the crystal in both two and four wave mixing geometries respectively. But, in all these cases the diffraction efficiency was not comparable with the conventional holography using photographic emulsions and this will be evident when one records real-time holographic interferograms using photorefractive crystals. In this paper we propose a new geometry for recording high efficient holograms in the photorefractive media using the phase conjugate beam of the signal beam itself as the other writing beam. Diffraction efficiencies increase by four times and PR gain increases two times in this case.


The invention relates to a limb interactive learning method for a limb interactive learning device, which comprises the following steps: step 1, starting a power supply of a limb interactive learning device and selecting a functional mode, wherein the learning device comprises an operation processing unit, a motion sensor arranged on a user and a data storage unit; step 2, detecting the vibration of the limb of a user through the motion sensor and transmitting a detected vibration signal to the operation processing unit; step 3, judging whether the vibration signal is valid or not; if not valid, the step 2 is carried out. Otherwise, the step 4 is carried out; step 4, starting the handling operation of the learning device according to the vibration signal. The handling operation of the learning device comprises playing, pausing, recording, time point setting, time point searching and playing speed adjustment of the learning contents in the data storage unit of the learning device, or carrying out interactive response; step 5, judging whether an ending signal is received or not. The ending signal comprises a predetermined vibration signal or pressing down the stopping key of the learning device. If received, the learning device is ended. Otherwise, the step 2 is carried out.


microRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-protein encoding RNAs that bind to the 3′UTR's of target mRNAs and negatively regulate gene expression by facilitating mRNA degradation or translational inhibition. Aberrant miRNA expression is well-documented in both solid and hematopoietic malignancies, and a number of recent miRNA profiling studies have identified miRNAs associated with specific human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cytogenetic groups as well as miRNAs that may prognosticate clinical outcomes in AML patients. Unfortunately, these studies do not directly address the functional role of miRNAs in AML. In fact, there is no direct functional evidence that miRNAs are required for AML development or maintenance. Herein, we report on our recent efforts to elucidate the role of miRNAs in AML stem cells. miRNA expression profiling of AML stem cells and their normal counterparts, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and committed progenitors, reveals that miR-29a is highly expressed in human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and human AML relative to normal committed progenitors. Ectopic expression of miR-29a in mouse HSC/progenitors is sufficient to induce a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) that progresses to AML. During the MPD phase of the disease, miR-29a alters the composition of committed myeloid progenitors, significantly expedites cell cycle progression, and promotes proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors at the level of the multipotent progenitor (MPP). These changes are manifested pathologically by marked granulocytic and megakaryocytic hyperplasia with hepatosplenomegaly. Mice with miR-29a-induced MPD uniformly progress to an AML that contains a leukemia stem cell (LSC) population that can serially transplant disease with as few as 20 purified LSC. Gene expression analysis reveals multiple tumor suppressors and cell cycle regulators downregulated in miR-29a expressing cells compared to wild type. We have demonstrated that one of these genes, Hbp1, is a bona fide miR-29a target, but knockdown of Hbp1 in vivo does not recapitulate the miR-29a phenotype. These data indicate that additional genes are required for miR-29a's leukemogenic activity. In summary, our data demonstrate that miR-29a regulates early events in normal hematopoiesis and promotes myeloid differentiation and expansion. Moreover, they establish that misexpression of a single miRNA is sufficient to drive leukemogenesis, suggesting that therapeutic targeting of miRNAs may be an effective means of treating myeloid leukemias.


Because of length limit,the single tubular bus requires welding several tubular buses during construction,resulting in large amount of welding load.Besides,the welds require longer cooling time,and moving tubular buses requires more manpower.The new techniques use traveling blocks to roll the tubular buses so that less time is needed to move the buses after welding.It reduces not only cooling time,but also manpower.The welds are free from tension ensuring welding strength without any harm to welding quality.Above all,this technique saves construction cost.


This paper presents a micro-fluxgate magnetic sensor composed of a rectangular-ring shaped magnetic core and solenoid excitation and pick-up coils. In order to improve the sensitivity of sensing element, the excitation and pick-up Cu coils are formed as a closely coupled structure. This unique coil structure allows to excite the magnetic core in an optimal condition with reduced excitation current. The 11 μm thick excitation and pick-up Cu coils were electroplated using Cr (300 A) / Au (1500 A) seed layer. The 2.9 μm thick Ni 0.8 Fe 0.2 (permalloy) magnetic core layer was also electroplated with photoresist frame using sputtered Ni 0.8 Fe 0.2 seed layer. The rectangular-ring shaped core was covered by photoresist and wet etching using dilute sulfuric acid. The magnetic core has a DC permeability of ∼1100 and coercive field of 0.1 Oe. The magnetic core is easily saturated due to the low coercive field and closed magnetic path for the excitation field. The chip size of the fabricated sensing element is 1.3 × 1.0 mm 2 . Excellent linear response over the range of –100 μT to +100 μT is obtained with 14 V/T sensitivity at excitation sine wave of 3 V P-P and 150 kHz. This low magnetic field sensing element is very useful for various applications such as: portable navigation systems including north-up and map data scrolling, military research, medical research, and space research.


A new nickel(Ⅱ) complex Ni(DBTC)2,(DBTC=N,N-dibenzyldithio carbamate) was synthesized by solvo-thermal method and then has been characterized by X-ray single crystal structure analysis,IR spectra and thermal analysis respectively.The complex belongs to triclinic system,space group P-1 with a=1.38642(2)nm,b=1.44455(2) nm,c=1.63620(3)nm,α=64.6210(10)°,β=73.6440(10)°,γ=84.0460(10)°,V=2.84030(8)nm3,Z=2,Dc=1.411 g·cm-3,μ=1.000 mm-1,F(000)=1256 and final R1=0.0590,wR2=0.1536.Each nickel(Ⅱ) ion is situated in the centre of a planartetragon formed by 4 sulfur atoms from 2 bidentate dithiocarbamate ligands.


In this experiment, we demonstrate high reliability of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dots (PeQDs) which illuminates 530 nm wavelength photons by exciting source on GaAs single-junction solar cell (Above 3000 h) and explore the Luminescent Down Shifting (LDS) effect of the GaAs solar cell with PeQDs with and without thermal process. The best one result shows that Jsc from 23.85 mA/cm2 to 22.99 mA/cm2(3.60% enhancement) and the efficiency from 17.41% to 15.57% (10.56% enhancement). The un-baked sample shows higher stability on EQE enhancement factor, slightly decreasing from 130% to 128%. Furtherly, the prolonged lifetime test for PeQDs exhibits considerable possibility in the future.


393 For convenience, we have introduced π 0 and π n+1 as the fictitious initial and terminal states begin and end. This model defines the probability P (x|π) for a given sequence x and a given path π. Since only the dealer knows the real sequence of states π that emitted x, we say that π is hidden and attempt to solve the following Decoding problem: Decoding Problem: Find an optimal hidden path of states given observations. Output: A path that maximizes P (x|π) over all possible paths π. In 1967 Andrew Viterbi used an HMM-inspired analog of the Manhattan grid for the Decoding problem, and described an efficient dynamic programming algorithm for its solution. Viterbi's Manhattan is shown in figure 11.2 with every choice of π 1 ,. .. , π n corresponding to a path in this graph. One can set the edge weights in this graph so that the product of the edge weights for path π=π 1. .. π n equals P (x|π). There are |Q| 2 (n−1) edges in this graph with the weight of an edge from (k, i) to (l, i + 1) given by e l (x i+1) · a kl. Unlike the alignment approaches covered in chapter 6 where the set of valid directions was restricted to south, east, and southeast edges, the Manhattan built to solve the decoding problem only forces the tourists to move in any eastward direction (e.g., northeast, east, southeast, etc.), and places no additional restrictions (fig. 11.3). To see why the length of the edge between the vertices (k, i) and (l, i + 1) in the corresponding graph is given by e l (x i+1) · a kl , one should compare p k,i [the probability of a path ending in vertex (k, i)] with


The research targets the development of detailed kinetic models to quantitatively characterize the impact of alternative fuels on the performance of Navy turbines and diesel engines. Such impacts include kinetic properties such as cetane number, flame speed, and emissions as well as physical properties such as the impact of boiling point distributions on fuel vaporization and mixing. The primary focus will be Fischer-Tropsch liquids made from natural gas, coal or biomass. The models will include both the effects of operation with these alternative fuels as well as blends of these fuels with conventional petroleum-based fuels. The team will develop the requisite kinetic rules for specific reaction types and incorporate these into detailed kinetic mechanisms to predict the combustion performance of neat alternative fuels as well as blends of these fuels with conventional fuels. Reduced kinetic models will be then developed to allow solution of the coupled kinetics/transport problems. This is a collaboration between the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The CSM/LLNL team plans to build on the substantial progress made in recent years in developing accurate detailed chemical mechanisms for the oxidation and pyrolysis of conventional fuels. Particular emphasis will be placed uponmore » reactions of the isoalkanes and the daughter radicals, especially tertiary radicals, formed by abstraction from the isoalkanes. The various components of the program are described. We have been developing the kinetic models for two iso-dodecane molecules, using the same kinetic modeling formalisms that were developed for the gasoline and diesel primary reference fuels. These mechanisms, and the thermochemical and transport coefficient submodels for them, are very close to completion at the time of this report, and we expect them to be available for kinetic simulations early in the coming year. They will provide a basis for prediction and selection of desirable F-T molecules for use in jet engine simulations, where we should be able to predict the ignition, combustion and emissions characteristics of proposed fuel components. These mechanisms include the reactions and chemical species needed to describe high temperature phenomena such as shock tube ignition and flammability behavior, and they will also include low temperature kinetics to describe other ignition phenomena such as compression ignition and knocking. During the past years, our hydrocarbon kinetics modeling group at LLNL has focused a great deal on fuels typical of gasoline and diesel fuel. About 10 years ago, we developed kinetic models for the fuel octane primary reference fuels, n-heptane [1] and iso-octane [2], which have 7 and 8 carbon atoms and are therefore representative of typical gasoline fuels. N-heptane represents the low limit of knock resistance with an octane number of 0, while iso-octane is very knock resistant with an octane number of 100. High knock resistance in iso-octane was attributed largely to the large fraction of primary C-H bonds in the molecule, including 15 of the 18 C-H bonds, and the high bond energy of these primary bonds plays a large role in this knock resistance. In contrast, in the much more ignitable n-heptane, 10 of its 16 C-H bonds are much less strongly bound secondary C-H bonds, leading to its very low octane number. All of these factors, as well as a similarly complex kinetic description of the equally important role of the transition state rings that transfer H atoms within the reacting fuel molecules, were quantified and collected into large kinetic reaction mechanisms that are used by many researchers in the fuel chemistry world.« less


ObjectiveTo determine whether low "stretch" mechanical ventilation protects animals from clinical sepsis after direct acute lung injury with Pseudomonas aeruginosa as compared with high "stretch" ventilation. DesignProspective study. SettingExperimental animal laboratory. SubjectsTwenty-seven anesthetized and paralyzed rabbits. InterventionsP. aeruginosa (109 colony forming units) was instilled into the right lungs of rabbits that were then ventilated at a tidal volume of either 15 mL/kg (n = 11) or 6 mL/kg (n = 7) for 8 hrs. Control animals were ventilated at a tidal volume of either 15 mL/kg (n = 4) or 6 mL/kg (n = 5) for 8 hrs, but an instillate without bacteria was used. A positive end-expiratory pressure of 3–5 cm H2O was used for all experiments. Radiolabeled albumin was used as a marker of alveolar epithelial permeability. Measurements and Main Results Hemodynamics, arterial blood gas determination, alveolar permeability, wet-to-dry ratios on lungs, and time course of bacteremia were determined. When final values were compared with the values at the beginning of the experiment, there were significant decreases in mean arterial pressure (from 104 ± 15 to 57 ± 20 mm Hg), pH (from 7.46 ± 0.04 to 7.24 ± 15), Pao2 (from 528 ± 35 to 129 ± 104 torr [70.4 ± 4.7 to 17.2 ± 13.9 kPa]), and temperature (from 38.2 ± 1 to 36.2 ± 1.2°C) in the high tidal volume group, whereas no significant differences were found in the low tidal volume group. Decreased alveolar permeability was shown in the low tidal volume group, as was decreased extravascular lung water in the uninstilled lung in the low tidal volume group (12.7 ± 2.5 vs. 4.3 ± 0.45 g H2O/g dry lung). No noteworthy difference was noted in the time course of bacteremia, although there was a trend toward earlier bacteremia in the high tidal volume group. ConclusionsIn our animal model of P. aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury, low tidal volume ventilation was correlated with improved oxygenation, hemodynamic status, and acid-base status as well as decreased alveolar permeability and contralateral extravascular lung water.


Aluminium dross should be treated not only as an ecologically dangerous waste, but also as a raw material containing 30-70% of reclaimable metallic aluminium and oxides. Dross after the preliminary treatment are subjected to mechanical treatment processes in order to separate individual fractions. A mechanical treatment is based on disintegration and dividing of these waste into coarse-grained and fine-grained fractions. Coarse-grained fractions are characterized by a high metallic aluminium content. Fine-grained fraction contain small amounts of metallic aluminium and constitute a troublesome and difficult for utilization wastes for companies dealing with dross processing. One of such companies in Poland is HERMEX. The dross mechanical processing is based on the technology developed in this company. Some part of this fine-grained dust the HERMEX company uses for production of granulated synthetic slag of fluxing and deoxidising properties, used for steel refining and secondary metallurgy. At the growing production of secondary aluminium the amount of these wastes is also growing, therefore there is a need of developing new technologies, which would enable a complete utilization and management of fine-grain wastes.


In the present paper, in the context of the meshless interpolation of a moving least squares (MLS) type, a novel method which uses primary and secondary nodes in the domain and on the global boundary is introduced, in order to improve the accuracy of solution. The secondary nodes can be placed at any location where one needs to obtain a better resolution. The support domains for the shape functions in the MLS approximation are defined from the primary nodes, and the secondary nodes use the same support domains. The shape functions based on the MLS approximation, in an integration domain, have a single type of a rational function, which reduces the difficulty of numerical integration to evaluate the weak form. The present method is very useful in an adaptive calculation, because the secondary nodes can be easily added and moved without an additional mesh. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the present method.


Innovation education is based on personality development of students.We should teach students in accordance with their aptitude so as to cultivate their innovation spirit and innovation ability.From the individualized electronic experimental designing,teaching forms and corresponding system,this paper expounded the implementation process and the methods of innovation education.The practice showed that individualized teaching is an important teaching form of innovation education.


Variation in sequential task processing times is common in manufacturing systems. This type of disturbance challenges most scheduling methods since they cannot fundamentally change job sequences to adaptively control production performance as jobs enter the system because actual processing times, are not known in advance. Some research literature indicates that simple rules are more suitable than algorithmic scheduling methods for adaptive control. In this work, a 'state space – average processing time' (SS-APT) heuristic is proposed and compared to four most commonly used scheduling rules and two well-established heuristics based on Taillard's benchmarks. It is shown that the adaptive control is made possible under variation in processing times given the flexibility and strong performance of the SS-APT heuristic, especially for work-in-process inventory control.


In the Jewish political leadership, 23 constituencies were represented in the Council of Four Lands, and the number of councilors was therefore also 23. Theoretically, every constituency could be represented in the council, but in practice large exterritorial urban communities and regional councils usually sent several representatives, while smaller constituencies were represented in the council in rotation. The 1717-1764 Jewish poll tax assessment lists add much new information on Jewish leadership in Crown Poland during the eighteenth century. According to the Pinkas Vaʿad ʿArba Aratsot(PVAA), out of the seven marshals of the council who served between 1717 and 1764, only two are also mentioned in the poll tax lists: Abraham son of Joseph of Leszno, and Abraham son of Haim of Lublin. The geographical distribution of major Jewish communities could sometimes have significant practical repercussions. Some major Jewish communities paid their poll tax very rarely or not at all.Keywords: Council of Four Lands; Jewish leadership; Jewish poll tax; Pinkas Vaʿad ʿArba Aratsot(PVAA)


Nowadays in scientific literature many opposing data are presented of the impacts of vermicompost extract on the quantity and quality of crop production. Therefore, the principal objective of two independent experiments was to study the effects of vermiextracts, which were applied before maize sowing into soil and during the growing season on the maize leaves, on its phytomass formation. The first, field experiment consisted of 9 variants. Variant 1 was the control one without the extract application. We studied the effect of the rising doses (90, 130, 170, 210 dm3·ha-1) of vermi-extract applied into soil before the maize sowing in the variants E1, E2, E3, E4. In the variants E1+E, E2+E, E3+E, E4+E along with the rising doses of vermi-extract was also applied the uniform dose of vermi-extract (40 dm3·ha-1) at the growth stage BBCH 15. The second, pot experiment was pursued in the vegetation cage and comprised 3 variants: variant 1 was the control, in the variants 2 and 3 the foliar application of vermi-extract was used. The vermi-extract was applied once (growth stage BBCH 12) in the variant 2 and in the variant 3 it was used twice (at growth stages BBCH 12 and BBCH 16). The achieved results show that the vermi-extract applied in the presowing period increased the yield of maize grains if the application doses were 130–170 dm3·ha-1. The positive or negative impact of the foliar application by vermi-extract on the yield of maize grains depended on the period of application and the grown cultivar. In order to increase the starch content in grains it was more suitable to carry out the presowing vermi-extract application than during the growing season. The presowing application and the foliar application of vermi-extract tended to decrease the nitrogen content in grain. The foliar application of vermi-extract had the positive impact on the plant height and stalk thickness of the maize plants only in short term. The information obtained from the first half of maize growing season related to the plant height and stalk thickness was not the appropriate indicator for the assessment of maize grain yields.


Abstract This article seeks to explore ways in which pre-college pedagogical resources – particularly Critical Race Pedagogy (CPR) developed for high school students, as well as Philosophy for Children (P4C) – can be helpfully employed by college level instructors who wish to dialogue with students about the nature of race and racial oppression. More specifically, we wish to explore (a) how P4C can both learn from, and be put to the service of, CRP, and (b) how this provides a useful framework for philosophical conversations about race at the college and pre-college levels. Our arguments are interwoven with narratives of our personal experiences utilising these pre-college pedagogical resources in conversations about race, so as to illustrate and provide context for our claims. We ultimately contend that these resources can help pedagogues in both higher and lower education work toward unmuting the voices of undervalued and underserved students in the United States.


Three groups of 5 dogs were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. The right lumbo-adrenal vein was cannulated and two control blood samples were drawn from the adrenal vein. The animals in Group 1 were then bled 10%, in Group 2, 20%, and in Group 3, 33% of their total blood volumes. Samples of adrenal vein blood were collected at intervals for 3 hr after bleeding for catecholamine determination. Before hemorrhage the mean basal output of NE and E in all animals was 2.3 ± 0.3 and 5.4 ± 0.5 ng⁄min⁄kg, respectively. The mean highest NE and E output during the experiment was 8.7 ± 3.4 and 16.5 ± 8.8 ng⁄min⁄ kg, respectively, in Group 1; 46.8 ± 3.5 and 199.6 ± 25.3 ng⁄min⁄kg in Group 2; and 58.2 ± 18.2 and 250 ± 42.0 ng⁄min⁄kg in group 3. Removal of 10% of the total blood volume produced no significant increase in NE and E output from the adrenal gland. On the other hand, more severe bleedings produced a rapid and significant increase in the output of NE and especially of E, and the increments in these outpu...


The paper studied the accelerating germination of Taxua chinensis var.mairei Cheng et L.K seed by changing freezing temperature and time.The results show that the seed treated by means of freezing can germinate 25 days after sown in April.The optimum effect was achieved under freezing temperature from-20 to-15℃ for 30 d,and the germination rate is more than 75%.


The experimental investigation of effects of various pilot dimethyl ether(DME) amount on the performance and emission of a single-cylinder direct-injection DME engine was carried out.Results show that DME engine can operate at a wide range of speeds and loads at quasi-homogeneous charge compression ignition(QHCCI) mode.The brake thermal efficiency increases and the exhaust temperature decreases slight- ly.NO_x emission reduces about 30%~50%.However,HC and CO emission increase.The NO_x,HC and CO emission increase with the increase of DME pilot amount.QHCCI is a good way to increase the thermal efficiency and decrease the NO_x emissions.


Electrolyte abnormalities are common among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aims to investigate the electrolyte changes in severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients. Hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia and hypoalbuminemia and their relationship with the severity of symptoms and prognosis will also be determined.

 We enrolled 270 COVID-19 patients. Serum tests were taken from each patient on the day of admission to check the level of variables. Thereon, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus levels were measured twice a week and albumin levels were measured once a week. Variables such as PTH and 25 (OH) D were measured once at the beginning of the study. Other laboratory results like complete blood count, C-reactive protein and clinical data such as arterial blood oxygen levels, length of stay in the ICU and the treatment regimen were extracted from patients' medical records and history. Finally, patients were categorized as mild, moderate, severe and critical group based on the severity of the disease. The data analyses were carried out via SPSS software (version 21.0).

 Of 270 patients, 135 people (50%) were men. The mean age of patients was 46.7 years. Based on the severity of the disease, 91 patients had mild disease, 90 patients presented with moderate disease, 54 patients were in severe condition and 35 patients were critical. Hypocalcaemia (Ca 2+ ≤8.6 mg/dL) was detected in 49 patients (18.1%) on admission. The mean of serum magnesium, phosphorus and albumin levels on admission was 2.2 ± 0.22 mEq/L, 3.39 ± 0.79 mg/dL and 4.49 ± 0.66g/dL, respectively. Phosphorus level was lower than 2.63 mg/dL in 11 patients (4.07%) and 43 patients (15.92%) had hypoalbuminemia. The mean 25(OH) D level was 32.92 ± 10.29 μg/L; therefore, 182 patients (67.40%) fall within the normal range (>30 μg/L).

 Patients with mild and moderate disease tend to develop hypocalcaemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypomagnesaemia more often than severe and critical COVID-19 patients during treatment. 25(OH) D deficiency rate was higher in the moderate group. Patients with hypocalcaemia during treatment had higher mortality than other patients. We recommend electrolytes be measured at initial presentation and serially monitored during hospitalization in order to establish timely and appropriate corrective actions and prevent the serious complications of the disease.


When scroll compressors are operated, the heat and force loads acting on scroll plates result in the deformation of them. The temperature distribution and deformations of scroll plates were researched in this paper. The simulation results show that the maximum temperatures of scroll plates are at the center of scroll profiles. And there are the maximum axial deformation values at the center of scroll profiles. The maximum radial and axial fit clearances of compressor are 59.5μm and 38.8μm respectively.


ABSTRACT On September 22nd, 2017, President Trump described any National Football League (NFL) player who protested during the national anthem as a "son of a bitch" deserving to be fired. In response, during the broadcasts of the following games' anthems, entire teams linked arms, knelt, or stayed in the locker room. This was a problem for the NFL's multi-media entertainment brand. Normally a broadcast of a spectacle that associates the NFL with the U.S. military and that attaches a sense of patriotism to the association, this weekend's performances of the national anthem instead became intertwined with player activist expression. This paper will explore how the NFL protected the portrayal of its media brand. Without its ability to shape how athletes represent the league through labor policy, the NFL had to recast the athletes' activism into messages consistent with its brand in a post-hoc fashion. Through a close reading of the televised broadcasts of the various pregame actions that followed Trump's comments, as well as accompanying online statements from NFL management on social media, this case reveals alternative methods deployed by the NFL brand to obscure and rewrite the intentions and impacts of athlete activist expression about racism and social justice.


A fine-grain reconfigurable VLSI for various applications including arithmetic operations is developed. In the fine-grain architecture, it is important to define a cell function which leads to high utilization of a logic block and reduction of a switch block. From the point of view, a universal-literal-based multiple-valued cell suitable for bit- serial reconfigurable computation is proposed. One of an arbitrary 2-variable binary logic operation, an addition and a subtraction can be executed by one cell. Also, an ntimesn-bit multiplication can be executed by 4n cells. A series-gating differential-pair circuit is effectively employed for implementing a full-adder circuit of Sum and a universal literal circuit. Therefore, a very simple cell can be constructed using the circuit technology. Moreover, interconnection complexity can be reduced by utilizing multiple- valued signaling, where superposition of serial data bits and a start signal which indicates a head of one-word is introduced.