In the article the author studied the process of planning production capacities at textile enterprises. The author considers the production capacity as a reflection of the maximum possible release of the ready-to-sell products of the relevant nomenclature within the established timeframe while effectively using the production potential of the enterprise. This implies the full use of all economic resources based on the use of advanced technology, advanced forms and methods of organizing labor and production. An important task for enterprises in the use of production capacity is to plan production capacity. Since in the case of not matching the production capacity to the parameters of the market environment, the enterprise has the risk of losing its target market due to the expectation of manufacturing an order or the capture of a larger market share by competitors. Otherwise, excess capacity will cause problems in the formation of market demand, which will inevitably lead to loss of income due to excessive costs to maintain the production system in an optimal state, such as: inventory, depreciation, staff salaries. Founded that solving the problem of planning production capacity lays the foundation for ensuring rhythmicity. The concept of strategic capacity planning relies on achieving economies of scale and development curves, focusing the capacity and flexibility of production. At the end of the article has been visually presented the process of capacity planning and suggests the decision tree, balance models, breakeven analysis and sensitivity analysis as evaluation methods for solving the design problem of production capacity.


Due to the advantage of wavelet transform such as the compatibility with JPEG2000, multi-resolution decomposition, and application of HVS(Human Visual System), watermarking algorithm based on wavelet transform (DWT) is recently mast interesting research subject. However, mast of researches are focused on theoretical aspects for the robustness rather than practical usage, and. may be not suitable too much complicated to use in practice. In this paper, robust logo watermarking algorithm based on DWT is proposed for large and huge data processing. The proposed method embeds the logo watermark by mapping of blocks in order of the number of '1' of the original image and the randomized watermark image with LFSR. The original image is transformed by 2 level wavelet. The experimental results shows that the watermark is embedded successfully, and the proposed algorithm has the valuable robustness from the image processing like JPEG compression, low pass filter, high pass filter and changes in brightness and contrast.


Introduction: On Venus, elastic lithosphere thickness estimates range between 0 and 100 km, with 20 km or less representing a best fit for more than the half of the planet [1]. Such small values might be indicative of a high heat flow if such areas are isostatically uncompensated [2]. Specifically, coronae, a class of volcano-tectonic features which have been associated with various stages of magmatic activity on Venus [3,4] show thin elastic lithosphere thicknesses [5] that are likely representative for present-day Venus [6]. Since the elastic thickness is an indicator of the thermal state of the lithosphere, as it describes its response to long-term geological loading, such low values would suggest a warm lithosphere that may indicate that enough heat is available today to produce partial melting in the interior of Venus. In this work we investigate the thermal history of Venus using geodynamical models. We estimate the effects of melt intrusions on the thermal state of the lithosphere and compare our results with recent elastic lithosphere thickness estimates to provide implications for the present-day magmatic style on Venus.


The purpose of this study is to find out and how the influence of financial knowledge, financial attitudes on financial management behavior in coffee shop business actors in Tangerang City. The research design used in this study is a quantitative approach. The sampling technique used purposive sampling method. Methods of data collection using a questionnaire and obtained a sample of 31 respondents. In this study, researchers used descriptive data analysis techniques, regression tests and different t-tests with the help of the PLS software program. The results of data analysis and the results of the hypotheses in this study were tested with SmartPLS 3.0 and The results of this study are Financial Knowledge, and Financial Attitudes have no significant effect on the Financial Management Behavior of Coffee Shop Businesses in Tangerang City.


Materials with magnetic and ferroelectric coexisting orders are called multiferroics and attract much attention. The authors ' group have found that LiVCuO4 is a multiferroic with quasi one-dimensional spin S=1/2 chains of Cu2+ ions formed of edge-sharing CuO4 square planes (called CuO2 ribbon chains).1,2) For physical understandings of multiferroic nature, this kind of spin 1/2 systems seem to be useful, because they do not have any complications arising from the multi-orbital effects, and because quantum effects may also induce interesting phenomena. LiCu2O2 with the CuO2 ribbon chains was also reported to be multiferroic.3) However, because its correct magnetic structure has not been reported, there are many unsolved problems on the relationship between observed ferroelectiric behaviors3) and the magnetic structure:4,5) Concerning the magnetic structure, several groups have reported their results obtained by just one of experimental methods, such as neutron scattering4) and 7Li-NMR,5) where we can find that any of the reported structure cannot explain the other reported structures. Actually, the existence of the four CuO2 ribbon chains in the unit cell makes it difficult to correctly determine the modulated magnetic structure of the present system. Here, we have determined the magnetic structure2, applying both the neutron scattering and 7Li-NMR measurements for single-crystal samples of LiCu2O2, and the relationship between the magnetic structure and dielectric or ferroelectric properties also studied here, has been discussed. From the temperature (T) dependences of the specific heat and 7Li-NMR spectra, the magnetic transitions has been found at 24.5 K (≡ TN1) and 22.8 K (≡ TN2), where the ferroelectric transition has also been observed at TN2. To determine the magnetic structures of intermediate (TN2<T<TN1) and low temperature (T <TN2) phases, the neutron scattering intensities were measured in the (h k 0) and (h k 2h) planes in the reciprocal space at 12 K (<TN2), 23.3 K (TN2<T<TN1) and 50 K (>TN). To avoid the large neutron absorption of Li, we used 7Li isotopes. At 12 K and 23.3 K, we observed magnetic superlattice reflections at Q = (h, k ±δ, 0) and (h, k ±δ, 2h) (h = half-integer, k = integer and δ ̃0.172). The system has an incommensurate magnetic structure with the modulation vector Q=?b* (or the pitch angle ̃62� along the CuO2 ribbon chains). We have determined the magnetic structures of intermediate and low temperature phases to reproduce the neutron data and 7Li-NMR spectra simultaneously. At 23.3 K(in the intermediate phase), the system has been found to have a collinear structure with the spins along the c-axis and modulated in a sinusoidal way. It is consistent with the nonappearance of ferroelectricity in this phase. The magnetic structure of the low temperature phase has also been determined. Basically, it is helical, and parameters to describe the detailed structure will be published soon. We have found that the relation P ? Q ? e3 holds (e3 is the helical axis) in zero magnetic field, which is consistent with the existing theories. The existence of the collinear phase above TN2, and the observed anisotropy of the amplitudes of the modulations, which form the helical structure may be related to a possible effect of the quantum fluctuation. References [1] Y. Naito et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 76 (2007) 023708. [2] Y. Yasui et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 77 (2008) 023712. [3] S. Park et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 (2007)


The contents of this book are: The Computer; How a Computer Works; The Utilization of Computers and their Effect; and The Art of Computer Programming.


Based on Newmark-β gradual integration method and elastic-plastic mechanical theory, numeriacl analyses of effects of soft soil depth and thickness and pile length on the characteristics of horizontal seismic response of bridge-foundation interaction system with soft layers conducted by using finite element program Midas/GTS. The numerical results show that: (1) The high frequency components of seismic excitations can be filtered and the low frequency components are amplified correspondingly when seismic waves are transmitted through soft soil layer, and thicker and lower soft soil layer can amplified this effects; (2)The extremum force of abutment shows decreases first then increases with depth decreasing, and displacement of abutment top and bottom has the same law with seismic waves, and the thicker and lower soft soil layer or shorter piles can aggravate abutment force and deformation; (3)Shear extremal stress shows decrease from top to bottom and the thicker and lower soft soil layer or shorter piles are adverse on piles; (4)Moment extremal expresses first increase then decrease with pile length and the lower and thicker soft soil layer or shorter piles can enlarged piles moment.


Abstract Background Polypharmacy (PP) is a common problem in elderly patient population. However, the prevalence and impact of PP on treatment-related morbidities in elderly patients with advanced cancer have not been well investigated. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 157 elderly (aged ≥65 years) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) for advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression adjusted for risk factors. Results The prevalence of PP, defined as ≥ 5 medications, was 40.1% (63/157). The prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM), according to the screening tool of older people's prescription (STOPP) criteria version 2, was 38.2% (60/157). The median progression-free survival (PFS) times in patients with and without PP were 3.7 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8–5.4] and 5.5 (95% CI, 3.4–9.0) months, respectively (P = 0.0017). The median overall survival (OS) times in patients with and without PP were 9.5 (95% CI, 6.0–14) and 28.1 (95% CI, 13.3–not reached) months, respectively (P  Conclusions PP is an independent prognostic factor in elderly patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC treated with ICI. Although PP may not affect the efficacy or toxicity of ICI, it is useful as a simple surrogate indicator of comorbidities or as a predictive marker of negative events during ICI treatment. Editorial acknowledgement The authors thank Enago for the English language review. Legal entity responsible for the study The authors. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure Y. Hosomi: Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: AstraZeneca; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Chugai Pharmaceutical; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Eli Lilly Japan; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Ono Pharmaceutical; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Taiho Pharmaceutical. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


Tilting train has the car body, bogie structure and suspension system which are different from existing rolling stock, and tilting system. A tilting train which is suitable for domestic environment was designed with a car made of ultra light nonflammable composite material, instead of existing aluminum car. Thus car body of tilting train shall be subject to constant maintenance to ensure the long lifespan and safe operation. The core part of the tilting train is the mechanical part such as rolling stock and car body and particularly, the coupler of the car body made of new composite material and shape recovery from partial damage are the subjects to be resolved in maintenance.


PURPOSE: A grid connected power conversion system is provided to restore reactive power and active power by being synchronized with each phase voltage by receiving a current control reference value through an inverter control unit. CONSTITUTION: A power conversion device(200) is installed between a new renewable energy generator(100) and a systematic power source. The power conversion device converts power provided from the new renewable energy generator into a voltage for supplying to the systematic power source. The power conversion device charges and discharges the power supplied from the new renewable energy generator or the systematic power source. A systematic power monitoring device is installed between the power conversion device and the systematic power source. The systematic power monitoring device blocks or connects the systematic power source according to the abnormality of systematic power source. The systematic power monitoring device detects a synchronization time point for connecting the systematic power source and the new renewable energy generator. A center administration device controls and manages the operation of the systematic power monitoring device and the power conversion device. [Reference numerals] (100) New renewable energy generator; (210) DC/DC converter; (220) Battery part; (231) Single phase DC/AC inverter 1; (232) Single phase DC/AC inverter 2; (233) Single phase DC/AC inverter 3; (250) Central processing unit; (260) Communication control unit


We have designed and simulated a parabolic gradient-index (GRIN) photonic crystal (PC) based beam aperture modifier and a deflector. The parabolic GRIN PC is achieved by using free standing dielectric columns with graded radii transverse to the light propagation direction. The performance of the beam aperture modifier and the deflector can be tuned by changing the gradient coefficient of the GRIN PCs. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods were used to characterize changes in beam width and propagation direction. Compared with conventional approaches, the GRIN PC-based beam aperture modifier and beam deflector described here can be conveniently fabricated down to the micrometer scale.


Finite element modeling of joint of steel-concrete composite beam to CFST(concrete-filled steel tubular) column is presented in this paper.The software package ABAQUS was employed in the analysis.The behavior of steel tube and steel girder were simulated by shell elements and continuum elements.Continuum elements were used to simulate the behavior of concrete slab.Truss elements were used to simulate the behavior of reinforcements.The nonlinear behavior of composite joint has been studied with reference to those 4 joints tested earlier by the authors.The full continuum elements model and the mixed elements model were validated by comparing the computed values with experimental results.The closer agreement between the mixed elements model and experimental results has been observed.The maximum deviation in the prediction of ultimate load has been found to be 11% and the results established the validity of the proposed finite element model.The analysis indicated that there was relative rotation between the beam and the column of the composite joint under the load acting on the beam.The most important geometrical factors influencing the stiffness of the joint were the height of steel beam,the equivalent width of concrete slab and the thickness of concrete slab.


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Continuous measurement of degree of liking for chocolate milk varying in milkfat (0–36%) showed significant fluctuations over the 80 s test period. For 17 judges, samples with intermediate fat levels received maximum liking 20–30 s after placement in the mouth then declined to neutral (neither like nor dislike). The nonfat sample gave a flat, neutral response across time while the 36% fat sample was initially neutral, reached maximum dislike at approximately 20 s then gradually returned to neutral. For 5 judges, increasing degree of liking was expressed for increasing fat levels. For both groups, maximum and minimum time-intensity (T-I) measurements correlated significantly with results from conventional hedonic scaling on a 20-cm line. Degree of liking was unaffected by swallowing or expectorating samples by either T-I or scaling. Thus, similar to perceived intensity, hedonic responses are not static, but show systematic changes during tasting, i.e., from the time the sample is placed into the mouth, through expectoration (or swallowing) until a steady (usually neutral) state is reached.


1. Climate change effects are already being felt around the globe, and governance systems need to adapt to this new reality to foster greater resilience


Thirty-three patients with primary lymphoma of the orbit were treated. Thirty had radiotherapy, and 3 had surgery alone as initial treatment. Local recurrence occurred in 5 and in each case was successfully retreated. The recurrences were anterior in low dosage areas, which has resulted in the protocol outlined in the preceding Discussion. Nine developed generalized disease, usually within 1 year after treatment. Two of these patients have died of lymphoma. It appeared that the patients with reticulum cell or mixed cell type lesions were more prone to generalized disease.The results indicate that local control can be obtained, and that in a significant percentage of patients the disease does not generalize. Even in those who developed ized. Four of the 9 developed neck lymph generalized disease, the eye symptoms were controlled. Complications of treatment were few utilizing orthovoltage technique which facilitates adequate shielding of the lens and cornea.


The ultrasonic velocity was detected in order to research the relation between the ultrasonic velocity of the damage concrete and the water content,the result showed that the effect was little when the water content below 1.5%;and the effect increased obviously with the increment of water content when the water content was above 1.5%,and the effect increased when the damage level increased.


An implicit upwind symmetric factorization finite volume solver was used to compute asymmetric vortices about a 5° half-angle cone at 20° angle of attack. Perturbations were placed at a variety of spatial locations and various analysis methods were developed to track the perturbations in space and time. The perturbations were enhanced best in a cup shaped region above the cone close to the secondary saddle points, implying that this region plays an important role in the development of asymmetry. However, global asymmetry was not observed until the primary saddle point shifted. The results indicate that it is the combination of the perturbation growth in the secondary saddle point region and the primary saddle point shifting that leads to the formation of asymmetric vortices.


As for the ice-making equipment for thin-walled copper tube bending,the annealing,lubrication and bending technology were designed after analyzing the stress and strain conditions in the bending process and quality problem reasons.According to the material deformation characteristics,the bending mould was designed and using the anti-deformation slot and pipe deformation mandrel,the wrinkle in the bending process and outer edge flat defects were solved.The production practice proves that it is a reasonable process,the mold structure is simple and practical,processed products are of good quality and suitable for small batch production.


The traditional method of applying least squares(LS)algorithm to establish G-M model for coordinate system conversion has an influence on the precision of transformation model parameters.In order to solve this problem,a coordinate system conversion method using total least squares(TLS)algorithm was proposed.Considering control points accuracy is different because of gross error,through iteration and fixed weight method based on robust estimation,conversion model parameters were calculated by G-M model using TLS algorithm.Experimental results showed that the conversion precision of establishing G-M model based on TLS was higher than that of applying LS algorithm.


An extractive spectrophotometric method for the determination of microamounts of ascorbic acid is described. I-[Thenoyl- (2')-3,3,3-trifluoro-acetone] (HTTA) is found to react with iron (III) in strongly acidic medium giving a red coloured complex. The method is based on the proportionate decrease in the colour intensity of Fe(III)-HTTA complex with the addition of ascorbic acid at 405 nm. Linear calibration curve is observed in the range 1.0-5.0 H g/mL of ascorbic acid. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity are 5.3x10 4 L/mot/cm and o.003pg/cm 2 , respectively. The interference of sugars, vitamins, amino acids, mineral salts, sweetening agents etc. has been studied. The method is successfully used in the determination of ascorbic acid in pure vitamin C tablets, drops and multivitamin products.


Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs impair gastrointestinal ulcers healing. This study evaluated the role of cyclooxygenase isozymes COX- 1 and COX-2 in the healing of acute gastric ulcers in humans. Methods: This was an open-label, endoscopist-blind, parallel-group study, age and sex matched at baseline in normal volunteers. At endoscopy, we took four large jumbo forceps gastric mucosal biopsies (2 from each of the antrum and corpus). Subjects received celecoxib 200mg bid), naproxen 500mg bid), nabumetone 1000mg bid or placebo until end of study. Endoscopies were performed after 5 days and every 3 days until complete re-epithelialization of all lesions or 30 days. Survival analysis was used to compare time-to-healing defined as the day with complete re-epithelialization of all ulcers. Results: Fifty-two subjects completed the study, each received four biopsyinduced gastric ulcers (204 total ulcers; the majority included the muscularis mucosa). The mean time-to-healing was 9.4 ± 0.4 days with placebo, 10.5 ± 0.4 with celecoxib, 11.1 ± 0.6 with naproxen, and 12.3 ± 0.9 with nabumetone. The time to healing of each ulcer or all ulcers was significantly delayed compared to placebo with naproxen (p=0.01) and nabumetone (p=0.002) but not with celecoxib (p=0.07). Conclusion: The COX-1 preferential inhibitor naproxen and the balanced COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor nabumetone significantly delayed the healing of ulcers. With the COX-2 specific inhibitor celecoxib, healing was delayed but not significantly. Synthesis of COX-1 derived prostaglandins appears to be important in the healing of gastric ulcers in humans.


What does social science have to offer to sustainability' There are already working examples of the application of social scientific tools to sustainability-related problems, such as environmental cost/benefit analysis, emissions trading, conflict resolution techniques, institutional analysis of common property management and re-appreciation of indigenous knowledge. These contributions, ranging from economics to anthropology, are no doubt significant and often contain practical implications; however, they also force us to wonder whether contributions by the social sciences should be limited to providing practical tools and techniques alone.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the risk of radiation pneumonitis (RP) after stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) for patients presenting with severe pulmonary emphysema.

METHODS
This study included 40 patients with Stage I non-small-cell lung cancer who underwent SBRT, 75 Gy given in 30 fractions, at the Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan, between February 2010 and February 2013. The median age of the patients was 79 years (range, 49-90 years), and the male:female ratio was 24:16. There were 20 T1 and 20 T2 tumours. 17 patients had emphysema, 6 had slight interstitial changes on CT images and the remaining 17 had no underlying lung disease. The level of emphysema was classified into three groups according to the modified Goddard's criteria (severe: three patients, moderate: eight patients and mild: six patients). Changes in the irradiated lung following SBRT were evaluated by CT.

RESULTS
On CT images, RP was detected in 34 (85%) patients, and not in 6 (15%) patients, during a median observation period of 313 days. Of the six patients, three had severe emphysema and three had no underlying lung disease. Patients with severe emphysema had lower risk of RP than those with moderate emphysema (p = 0.01), mild emphysema (p = 0.04) and no underlying lung disease (p = 0.01).

CONCLUSION
Patients with severe emphysema had a low risk of RP following SBRT.

ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE
Little is known about the association between RP and pulmonary emphysema. Patients with severe emphysema had lower risk of RP than those with no underlying lung disease.


This article aims to discuss in a normative way, the foundations of the theory of risk management, showing its evolution and reviewing the main best practices. As consequence, after a quick description of the current environment into which public and private organizations currently struggle, we proceed to develop a clear definition of risk. We introduce then, the fundamental aspects of risk management and the practices prescribe in the literature. Moreover, we describe the fundamental elements that have marked the transition from the "silo" approach or compartmental perspective of risk management, to the integrated risk management approach. At the end of the article, we discuss the application of risk management in the public sector, describing its difference from private risk management.


. Upstream sediment yields have a potential impact on the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve. This project developed a GIS-based soil erosion model to calculate sediment delivery ratios and intrabasinal storage, and then developed a sediment routing model to identify portions of the drainage basin that are significant sediment contributors. A 120-meter grid spacing was used to divide the 69.5 km 2 drainage basin into 4843 polygons (each 1.44 ha in size). Soil erosion was calculated for each polygon using RUSLE and a GIS data base. This study also modified the RUSLE by using a DEM to calculate length-slope factors. RUSLE soil loss values ranged from 1.6 to 97.3 (average 7.26) metric tons/ha/yr. These values are significantly (26%) greater than previous estimates based on RUSLE calculations by hand, primarily due to modification of length-slope factors and higher sampling density. A 502-day hydrological data base collected by Heidelberg College was used to calculate an average annual suspended sediment load for Old Woman Creek. Given that suspended sediment is 30-35% of the total sediment load, comparison of sediment load and RUSLE soil erosion indicates sediment delivery ratios between 21-25%, and intrabasinal storage of 75-79% for the catchment. The sediment routing model tracks sediment from polygon of origination down elope to adjacent streams. This model predicts highest sediment yields from the southeast portion of the drainage basin. Protection efforts for the estuarine reserve should emphasize crop management practices in this region. J. SCI. 97 (3): 44-52, 1997


Abstract Purpose: This case series pilot study evaluates the efficacy of the Core:Tx gaming device on 2 chronic stroke survivors. Methods: Intervention was provided 3 times a week for 3 weeks. Outcome measures, administered 1 week before and 1 week after intervention, included the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS), the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery (Fugl-Meyer [FM]), and the Box and Block Test (BB). Results: Participant A exhibited an 11-point increase on the SIS, a 1.2-point change on each of the performance and satisfaction scores of the COPM, a 1-point increase on the FM, and no change on the BB. Participant B exhibited a 3-point increase on the SIS and no change on the COPM, FM, or BB. Conclusions: The participants experienced increased quality of life, a greater propensity to use their affected arm, and enhanced task performance without exhibiting motor changes. Additionally, the Core:Tx gaming device was reported by the participants to be a motivating modality in the therapy setting.


Since the National Archives of Canada (now Library and Archives Canada) introduced macroappraisal in 1990, its government records archivists have sought to create terms and conditions for the transfer of archival records based on functions and activities. In 2003, the NA/LAC Terms and Conditions Work Group (TCWG) bridged the divide between appraisal and acquisition by developing the necessary methodology to translate an archivist's macro-appraisal decisions into disposition tools (the formal Terms and Conditions for the Transfer of Archival Records within the Records Disposition Authority, as well as a complementary Application Guide) that would ensure the identification and selection of archival records in all media. This article places the work of the TCWG within the context of the evolution of federal government record-keeping and macro-appraisal methodology as applied within LAC, and presents an overview of the disposition tools that it produced. RESUME Depuis que les Archives nationales du Canada (dorenavant Bibliotheque et Archives Canada) ont introduit la pratique de la macro-evaluation en 1990, leurs archivistes responsables des documents gouvernementaux ont tente d'etablir des conditions et des modalites de transfert pour les documents d'archives en tenant compte de l'analyse fonctionnelle. En 2003, le groupe de travail des modalites de transfert (GTMT) des AN/BAC a fait le lien entre l'evaluation et l'acquisition en elaborant la methodologie necessaire pour assurer que les decisions de l'archiviste decoulant de la macro-evaluation se traduisent en une documentation pour disposer des documents (les conditions et les modalites pour le transfert de documents archivistiques dans l'autorisation de disposer des documents, ainsi que le guide d'application complementaire). Ces outils permettent aux archivistes d'assurer l'identification et la selection de documents d'archives dans tous les medias. Cet article situe le travail du GTMT dans le contexte de l'evolution de la gestion des documents du gouvernement federal et de la methodologie de la macro-evaluation telle qu'elle est employee a BAC, puis il presente un survol de la documentation produite par le GTMT pour disposer des documents.


Nutrient deficiency in the soil poses enormous challenge to food production globally. The use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer to boost crop yield is a common farming practice, despite its untoward effects and hazard to the environment and human population. This study was aimed at isolating and identifying Rhizobium species from root nodules of Arachis hypogaea L. and Telfairia occidentalis so as to explore and maximize their contributions to soil nitrogen fertilization in place of synthetic fertilizers. A total of ten nodulated healthy plants (five each of Arachis hypogaea L. and Telfairia occidentalis plants) were collected from Ihiala and Ezzamgbo, both in south-east Nigeria and processed using standard microbiological and biochemical techniques. The result revealed ten isolates of Rhizobium species. This shows that Arachis hypogaea L. and Telfairia occidentalis plants contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria, making them capable of self-nitrogen fertilization and valuable in crop rotations.


Hydrocarbon reservoir beds have been delineated using direct hydrocarbon indicator on seismic sections as well as well logs data in X field, Onshore Niger Delta. The research methodology involved horizon interpretation to produce sub-surface structure map. Geophysical well log signatures were employed in identifying hydrocarbon bearing sand. The well-to-seismic tie revealed that the reservoir tied directly with hydrocarbon indicator (bright spot) on the seismic sections. The major structure responsible for the hydrocarbon entrapment is anticline. The crest of the anticline from the depth structural map occurs at 3450 metres.


Types and functional of the microbial culture starters in fermented meat products were summarized,and the research status of microbial culture starters at home and abroad also reviewed,finally,made a prediction on the prospects of development in the future.


Experiments were performed to determine if the phase angle between alternating voltage and current could be used to predict, within a probable error of 5 percent, the state of charge of vented NiCd aircraft batteries. A 22 A-hr, 19-cell Gulton type MS24497-4 battery and several individual cells from that battery were tested in these experiments. The battery was charged for various lengths of time at 11 amperes to obtain a range of state of charge. Battery phase angle and individual cell phase angles were measured with a Hewlett-Packard HP-3575A gain-phase meter at frequencies of 350, 100, 35, 17.5, and 11 Hz; and the cells were discharged at 11 amperes to 0.1 V (1.9 V for the battery) to determine their state of charge in ampere-hours of capacity. The phase-angle, state-of-charge data were subjected to second-order polynomial curve fitting by means of least-squares analysis. The probable errors obtained from the least-squares analyses were used to judge the quality of measured correlation between phase angle and state of charge. The results for the individual cells were, on the whole, quite poor, although two of the individual cells tested achieved the stated goal of a probable error of 5 percent for the correlationmore » between phase angle and state of charge. The 19-cell battery gave the best results with a probable error of 3.8 percent measured at 11 Hz.« less


This article proposes to evaluate empirically the consequences of the rent-seeking behavior of football clubs on their costs. The empirical work entails estimating a football wage, result, and demand system with data on clubs competing in the first and second Spanish leagues during the 1996-2003 seasons. The estimation sheds light on wage distortions that differ from 45% to 52% throughout the period considered. This provides an interesting illustration of the financial difficulties faced recently by many European football clubs.


This book is about the clinical practice of psychoanalysis as catalyst of
personal change and its intersection with social change. Psychoanalysis
contains resources aplenty to enable us to produce a theoretical articulation
of the historical constitution of its own practice, and I seize the opportunity
Jacques Lacan offers to examine the implications for the place of the clinic
as such.


Acid igneous rocks of Shimoga which were earlier mapped as single granite unit actually consist of two distinct lithological units: an older tonalite and a younger granodiorite. Tonalite is highly disturbed, migmatised and appears to have been derived by partial melting of a basic crust. Younger granodiorite is coarse grained to often porphyritic with higher concentration of K, Ni, Cr and V. Its field relationship with tonalite suggests a different late stage intrusive mode of origin.


Objective To explore the factors that influence college students' personality traits,parental rearing patterns and the family education factors?were analyzed.Methods Questionnaires on parental rearing patterns and personality traits were conducted in 350 freshmen in one university in Shanxi.Results There were statistically significant difference in P and L between male and female freshmen(P0.01).Students' personality traits and parental rearing patterns were significantly correlated(p0.05).Conclusion Parental rearing patterns may affect,and therefore,predict students' personality traits.


The urban youth frequenting the internet cafes of Ghana use the internet largely as a way to orchestrate encounters across distance and to amass foreign ties; activities once limited to the wealthy, university-educated classes. The internet has become for these youths a means of enacting a more cosmopolitan self. In Invisible Users, Jenna Burrell offers a richly observed account of how these internet enthusiasts have adopted, and adapted to their own priorities, a technological system that was not designed with them in mind. Gareth A. Jones finds that the book provides a chance for us to think about lives being constructed in bytes and bits.


The secondary deuterium kinetic isotope effects (KIE) for both mechanisms were calculated by using ab initio results and transition state theory. The SN2' mechanism shows very inverse (kH/kD < 1) KIEs, smaller than those for the SN2 pathway. The difference is primarily originated in the vibrational contribution to the KIE, and more specifically the mid-frequency factor. These results suggest that the reaction mechanism can be determined by measuring the KIE.


Objectives:  Most patients with advanced head and neck cancer receiving chemoradiotherapy need tube feeding for at least some weeks. For these periods gastrostomy tubes have advantages over nasogastric tubes. Tube feeding may start earlier and thus loss of weight may be limited if the gastrostomy tube already is in place. The objective of this study is to analyse the results of prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement and early tube feeding.


In order to develop solutions for automatic ice rink localization from broadcast video, a dataset with ground truth homographies is required. Hockey broadcast video does not tend to provide camera parameters for each frame, which means that they must be gathered manually. A novel tool for collecting ground truth transforms through point correspondences between each frame and an overhead view of the ice rink is presented in this paper. Through collaboration with the users of the tool, we have added features to improve accuracy and efficiency, especially in frames with few lines on the playing surface visible. A dataset of 4,262 frames has been collected, which will be used for research into automatic camera calibration techniques.


Current communication technologies permit to implement new cooperative work models in which most complex task may be achieved by dividing work among several participants, where communication gets much easier, process are automatized the huge amounts of information are freely shared. These work models offer important advantages for an increasing number of users and Institutions, standing out a higher efficiency, lower costs and higher quality services.


Emergence agitation (EA) is a common, post‐anesthetic complication in pediatric patients following sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to assess the effects of an adjunctive dose of propofol to reduce the incidence of EA in pediatric patients.


A survey of fourth year (first clinical year) medical students at the University of Western Australia in 1977 showed that 48% of them wanted to be general practitioners. When interviewed again as interns in 1980, the same group showed a 61 % preference for general practice. In 1977, 57% of interns and junior RMOs had wished for a career in general practice.


In this study, we have numerically investigated the characteristics of the flow and mixing in microchannel using magnetic nanoparticles. The overall flow is driven by the pressure and the secondary flow for the mixing is induced by the drag forces of the particles. Here, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet exerts strong attraction on the particles and thus the particles can move in the flow. For the study, the Fractional Step Method (FSM) based on the Finite Volume Method is used to obtain the velocity field of the flow and the trajectories of the particles. This study aims at achieving good mixing by changing the direction of magnetic actuation force to activate the interaction between the particles and flow. The mixing index is considered to estimate the quantity of mixing. The parameters such as the switching frequency, the magnetic actuation force, number of magnetic nanoparticles etc that affect the flow and mixing is investigated. Results show that using magnetic nanoparticles with external magnetic force is an alternative effective application for the flow and mixing in microchannel.


The flow of data across nodes has become the dominant feature of data sharing in distributed environments with increasingly blurred boundaries, where it is crucial to maintain data access dynamic, trusted, and efficient. However, traditional centralized access control models are not only difficult to apply in distributed environments but also ignore trusted verification of authorized entities. What's worse, existing access control models rarely consider themselves security, lack independence, at a high risk of being bypassed or tampered with. Thus, we propose in this paper a distributed, dynamic, and trusted access control model, DDTAC-BSS, where the standard Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) architecture is modified and extended. To reduce the attack surface, we separate policy enforcement point (PEP) from other core components, they are located in the node system and access control system, respectively. Then, the access control entry point (ACEP) is added as the only interface for the node system to interact with the access control system. Subsequently, the model introduces the entity trusted assessment mechanism to improve the trustworthiness of access control services. Driven by the dynamic attributes, our model can achieve dynamic trusted authorization and fine-grained access control. Moreover, we implement a lightweight, independent, and distributed security subsystem to achieve unified management of policies and decision-making autonomy by message-driven. By considering the independence of the security subsystem, a trusted operating environment is built based on Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) to ensure the security of the access control mechanism itself. The security of our model is proved rigorously based on the non-interference theory. Comprehensive experiments and comparisons have demonstrated the superior functionality, comparable performance, and strong security of our model.


Objective: To determine the risk factors for the development of diabetic foot in patients of the Endocrinology Unit
of the Autonomous Institute University Hospital of Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela.

Methods: One hundred type 2 diabetic patients were selected and divided into two groups: 50 patients with
diabetic foot (cases) and 50 without diabetic foot (controls), of both sexes, over 18 years of age, matched by
age, sex and duration of diabetes. Socio-demographic variables, antecedents, anthropometric measures, disease
characteristics, metabolic control, comorbidities and clinical characteristics of the foot were evaluated.

Results: There was no association of marital status, education level, psychobiological habits, nutritional status, and
presence of arterial hypertension or dyslipidemia, with the presentation of diabetic foot. The predominant lesion
in the cases was Wagner grade 2, and according to the Texas classifi cation, it was IIB. There was a signifi cant
association of diabetic foot with poor metabolic control (p=0.003; OR:3.451; 95%CI:1.517-7.852), presence of
neuropathy (p=0.0001; OR:5.670; 95%CI:2.144-14.997), alteration of the ankle arm index (p=0.004; OR:3.545;
IC05%:1.487-8.454) and the personal history of diabetic foot (p=0.0001; OR:8.609; 95%CI:3.110-23.832). In the
multivariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of neuropathy, the alteration of the ankle arm index and the
personal history of diabetic foot remained as independent predictive factors.

Conclusion: The risk factors associated with diabetic foot found in this study are similar to those reported in the
world literature. It is very important to maintain adequate metabolic control to avoid neuropathic and angiopathic
damage that favor the development of diabetic foot.


A realization of Single Chip Microcomputer peripheral interface in HIRFL-CSR power supply control module based on CPLD is presented in the paper. It intergrates flip-latch,coding unit,data bus, frequency division unit,logical compare unit,counter and logic ciucuit into a single CPLD chip,and dra matically decreases the area of PCB and increase system reliability,at the same time the whole system's flexibility has been evidently improved because of the CPLD's in-system programmable characteristic.


It has been said that "He who can, does. He who cannot, teaches." I have often wondered whether there is any truth behind this frequently quoted expression, which surgical students hear from the early days of their clinical training. To find the answer, one must look at the origin …


The thesis examines the situation of Third Country Nationals who have
familial links to a 'returning' Community citizen. The thesis analyses Danish Immigration law, Community free movement provisions, and the case law of the Court suggesting that the application of National law is 'dying' due to the Court's interpretation of 'abuse' and gradual elimination of the 'wholly internal situations'.

The thesis argues that a Third Country National who is able to establish a
connection to Community will fall under 'liberal' movement rules. Alternatively, a Third Country National and their Community family
member that are in a 'wholly internal situations' will fall under stringent National laws. The problems inherent in this paradox is conceptualised in the application of the 'apparent universal' fundamental rights.

The thesis ends with a normative assertion: the problems caused by
reverse discrimination must be eliminated. It is suggested that the problem associated with reverse discrimination could be eliminated at the
Community level by an increase in competences over Third Country
Nationals, or at the National level through Constitutional Courts or
National legislators.


The role of magnesium is acknowledged in human physiology even though it is incompletely understood, and measurement of ionized magnesium by ion-selective electrode analysers is becoming commoner as recent research has alerted clinicians to its importance. Standardisation of ionized magnesium in blood samples in the form of a reference method is required. A prototype reference cell, which was developed for the reference method for ionized calcium, has been tested and found to perform well for magnesium. Selectivity coefficients, and the effects of pH and of proteins on various magnesium selective membranes have been determined. None of these membranes showed sufficient selectivity for magnesium over calcium and sodium for use with serum samples without simultaneous measurement of calcium. Knowledge of magnesium speciation is required for a full understanding of its role in physiology. Stability constants for magnesium and calcium with various ligands have been determined by using a new method in which a pH electrode and a Mg (or, Ca) electrode have been employed simultaneously in alkalimetric titrations. The' results were analysed using the program SUPERQUAD. In general, agreement was very good between values obtained from titrations with Mg (or Ca) electrodes and from pH. The protonation constants of the ligands were also determined and agree well with literature values. Results for Mg-citrate, lactate, glycinate, aspartate and glutamate complexation constants compare well with recently published data. New systems investigated were Mg-pyroglutamate (Mg-5-oxo-2pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid) and Mg-pyridoxine (Mg-3-hydroxy-4,5bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine). Also HEPES (N-(2-hydroxyl) piperazine-N-ethanesulfonic acid), used in calibration standards as a pH buffer, was found not to complex magnesium at physiological pH.


This paper describes a new addition to the family of parsing models based on the principles of Description-Theory (Marcus, Hindle & Fleck, 1983). We demonstrate how the de nition of two simple parsing operations, simple attachment and tree lowering, which are related to the grammatical composition operations of substitution and adjunction in the Tree Adjoining Grammar formalism, yields a parser which is more constrained than previous Description-theory based models (e.g. Gorrell 1995). Since the tree-lowering operation allows the parser to reanalyse in the case of \unconscious" garden paths, it can be used to investigate the consequences of adopting various search strategies for reanalysis, predicting preferences in cases where more than one possibility for reanalysis exists. Considering data from English and Japanese, we show that reanalysis preferences may di er between headnal and head-initial languages, and suggest some reasons why this might be so.


DEVICE TO LIFT FLAP ENVELOPE CONSISTS OF DETECTION APPARATUS THAT CONTROL EQUIPMENT 50 COMPRESSED AIR WHICH IS ASSIGNED TO A POST POWER 20, 21, THE EXHAUST PORT OF 60 COMPRESSED AIR HAS BEING BETWEEN THE POWER STATION 20, 21 AND dampener 31, 32. THE SUPPORT SHEET 30 moistener PRESENTS SPECIAL CONTOUR. DEVICE ENABLES THE TREATMENT OF A MIXTURE OF LETTERS messy OPEN AND CLOSED LETTERS.


We present the architecture of an 802.15.4 receiver that, for the rst time, operates at a few hundred microwatts, enabling new batteryfree applications. To reach the required micro-power consumption, the architecture diverges from that of commodity receivers in two important ways. First, it o oads the power-hungry local oscillator to an external device, much like backscatter transmitters do. Second, we avoid the energy cost of demodulating a phase-modulated signal by treating 802.15.4 as a frequency-modulated one, which allows us to receive with a simple passive detector and an energye cient thresholding circuit. We describe a prototype that can receive 802.15.4 frames with a power consumption of 361 μW. Our receiver prototype achieves su cient communication range to integrate with deployed wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We illustrate this integration by pairing the prototype with an 802.15.4 backscatter transmitter and integrating it with unmodi ed 802.15.4 sensor nodes running the TSCH and Glossy protocols. ACM Reference format: Carlos Pérez-Penichet, Claro Noda, Ambuj Varshney, and Thiemo Voigt. 2018. Battery-free 802.15.4 Receiver. In Proceedings of International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, Porto, Portugal, April 2018 (IPSN'18), 12 pages.


In recent year, usecase modeling have been primarily technology to capture the system requirements in the ways of system requirements design. In the course of establishing the usecase modeling ,How to corroborate usecase、user and usecase modeling have a direct influence to the quality of system design. This article introduces how to establish the usecase modeling of material manage system..


Antiliberal concepts calling the rule of law into question have an easy job with former leftists, for in those circles normative universals have never been esteemed. However, as experience in Germany in the past two centuries reveals, an element of natural law that lies within Marxism—a humanitarian normative element encompassing the ideas of equality, freedom, and justice—should and must be preserved.


For testing and analyzing thenar pressure and obtaining the physiologic and pathologic parameter about posture and athletics, LiNbO3 film is deposited on latex substrate by RF magnetron sputtering and connected with the signal collecting instruments to compose testing system of thenar pressure .The system is applied in the actual test. The experiments indicate that the LiNbO3 piezoelectric-film has better sensitivity stabilization and repeatability, and it can obtain reliable the thenar pressure signals. It confirms that the LiNbO3 piezoelectric-film was suitable for thenar pressure measurement.


In this paper we introduce a novel learning and adaptation system for embedded-agents embodied and situated in intelligent inhabited environments. The fuzzy incremental synchronous learning (ISL) techniques we describe seek to provide an online, life-long, non-intrusive method for learning personalised behaviour and anticipatory adaptive control for physical environments.


This paper describes conversational spontaneous speech syn- thesis based on hidden Markov model (HMM). To reduce the amount of data required for model training, we utilize an average-voice-based speech synthesis framework, which has been shown to be effective for synthesizing speech with arbi- trary speaker's voice using a small amount of training data. We examine several kinds of average voice model using reading- style speech and/or conversation-style speech. We also examine an appropriate utterance unit for conversational speech syn- thesis. Experimental results show that the proposed two-stage model adaptation method improves the quality of synthetic con- versational speech.


The paper presents a new design approach to digital circuits that provides for an increased chip operation reliability from temperature point of view. The key aspect behind the proposed method of approach is to avoid chip overheating due to special design and subsequent integration of dedicated circuit controller. Such element is blended seamlessly with the surrounding circuitry and posses the ability to reconfigure itself when the temperature of the chip goes beyond defined temperature boundary. After the end of reconfiguration phase, the controller ensures only indispensable function. By this arrangement, the power and heat dissipation of the circuit is reduced until the chip temperature falls again under certain level. When the chip is cooled down appropriately, the controller returns back to normal operating mode automatically. The proposed approach utilises principles of polymorphic digital circuits which embrace smart and fast reconfiguration, compact and cost-effective design with embedded sensors, where the aim is to ensure overall system stability and in the same time increase its dependability.


In designing lower strength steel structures (up to 50 ksi [345 N/mm²] yield strength) subject to low temperatures (down to -60°F [220°K]) information is needed to help define the fracture load of any member with a given crack as a function of temperature. Based on the basic assumption that even after inspection cracks of finite size will exist in a welded structure, an experimental procedure is presented by which the designer can estimate the fracture load of the member. The need for this procedure is apparent from the inadequacies or inapplicability of impact studies and linear elastic fracture mechanics for the grades of steels and range of temperatures of concern. The proposed procedure is substantiated by the results of a previous experimental study. It is shown to be consistent, discriminative, and rational.


In order to study the effect of the potential well on the single ion dynamics and the charge transport in molten LiNO3, a molecular dynamics simulation, which included all degrees of freedom of vibrating nitrate ions, was carried out. Simple Coulomb pair potential with Born‐type repulsion was adopted as a standard, and a potential well of varying depth between Li+ and O of NO−3 was added to the standard potential. As the well depth increased, both the translational and orientational diffusion were found to slow down, leading to solid like dynamics. The potential dependence of the ionic dynamics was studied from the translational, orientational, and current correlation functions. Results of the simulation were compared with the experimental diffusion constants, static conductivity, and rotational behavior revealed by Raman spectroscopy. Using the relation between the infrared absorption spectrum and the autocorrelation function of the dipole moment (or the current) of the system, we carried out the first s...


This paper provides an alternative point of view to the robust estimation technique for nonlinear non Gaussian systems based on exponential quadratic cost function. The proposed method, named the risk sensitive ensemble Kalman filter (RSEnKF), is based on the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) which may be thought of as a Monte Carlo implementation of the Kalman filter for nonlinear estimation problems. The theory and formulation of the RSEnKF are presented in this paper. The proposed method is superior to the extended risk sensitive filter (ERSF) and the quadrature based risk sensitive filters in terms of estimation accuracy, and is faster than the risk sensitive particle filter (RSPF).


Purpose
Green human resource management (HRM) plays a vital role in improving employees' green behaviour. A research gap exists in the roles psychological green climate and employee green commitment have in the relationship between green HRM and employees' green behaviour. Building on social exchange and social identity theories, this study aims to propose a model of the effects of green HRM on employees' green behaviour through the serial mediation of psychological green climate and employee green commitment.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from 297 full-time employees working in various manufacturing organizations in India using cross-sectional research design and self-reported measures. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the model fit of the serial mediation model, and PROCESS macro with a bias-corrected bootstrapping method was used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
The result of the study revealed that green HRM impacts employees' green behaviour. Further, the findings showed that both psychological green climate and employee green commitment individually mediate the relationship between green HRM and employees' green behaviour. The key outcome of this research is the partial serial mediation of psychological green climate and employee green commitment in the relationship between green HRM and employees' green behaviour.

Originality/value
This is one of the primary studies that examined the serial mediating effect of psychological green climate and employee green commitment in the relationship between green HRM and employees' green behaviour. This study contributes to the existing literature on green HRM and green behaviour by evincing the mediating mechanism of psychological green climate and employee green commitment.


The study aimed at the inclusion of entrepreneurship in the education curriculum and the inability of graduates to get jobs in Kogi State. Thus entrepreneurship education and its impact on graduate unemployment were investigated. A descriptive survey design was used to achieve the study's objectives. Six (6) higher institutions in Kogi State were chosen to make up the study's population. Due to the nature of the research, we concentrated on students. The study determined the sample size of 385. Inferential and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data gathered. Multiple regression analysis (inferential statistics) was applied to unveil the impact of independent variables on the dependent variable. The finding showed that entrepreneurship education has a significant effect on the unemployment rate of graduates in Kogi state. The study concluded that entrepreneurship in the education curriculum can influence a reduction in the unemployment rate of graduates in Kogi State. The study recommended the review of policy relative to entrepreneurial education to enhance the high degree of its effectiveness in Kogi State higher institutions.


An analysis of the effect of residuals and earth capacities in Anderson's Inductancecapacity bridge is made, and it is shown that if balances are obtained by balancing the bridge with direct currents; by making the alternating current adjustments by means of a small series resistance (s') and parallel condenser (C') in the condenser arm; then the changes required in s' and C' to hold the balance at different frequencies are equal and opposite to the variations of the effective (series) resistance and capacity of the condenser with frequency. The assumptions made in obtaining the above conclusions are that the residual inductances and resistances of the "non-inductive" arms of the bridge are invariable with frequency and that the resistance of the inductive arm varies as the square of the frequenc y No knowledge of the absolute values of the residuals, &c., is required for the method. The method is illustrated by results obtained with a condenser of capacity 0.5μF, and details are given showing how the chief experimental trouble, viz., drift in D.C. balance owing to temperature variations, may be overcome.


In the development of increasingly sophisticated technol- ogy that is almost all the activities carried out by using computers, especially in data processing so that people no longer have to input data manually using paper and pen. Car rental is one of the agencies that perform data process- ing occurs almost every day a new customer management transactions, lending management, management of returns and the management of a new car. That is why we need a program that could accelerate progress in the process. This is what underlies the creation of applications Jaya Car Rental queue created using open source software that is NetBeans 6.8, MySQL and JasperReport. The purpose of this research is to design and make car rental transactions become computerized and helps to mutilation every trans- action made ??from the customer data, rental, and return quickly, eectively and eciently. Bibliography (2006-2010)


We propose that some of the unidentified Galactic plane (-10 degrees < b < 10 degrees) sources listed in the first EGRET catalog (Fichtel et al. 1994) are associated with nearby supernova remnants. The probability that the association of strong EGRET sources with supernova remnants is due to chance alignment is found to be < 1/2200. Three of the most convincing associations are radio-bright, nearby shell remnants and a fourth is associated with a plerion.
We examine possible gamma-ray production mechanisms and conclude that pion production and decay from high-energy protons interacting with the remnant gas could produce the gamma rays.
The energetics of this process are in accord with theories of cosmic ray production through supernova shock acceleration.
The identification of pion-decay features in the gamma-ray spectra of supernova remnants would support this interpretation.


[Objective]To study the dynamic changes trend of Hepatitis A in Gaoling County of Shaanxi Province.[Methods]The data of annual epidemic situation report were analyzed by retrospective epidemiology.[Results]1672 Hepatitis A cases were reported in 18 years,accounted for 24.40% of all kinds of hepatitis.All patients were sporadic cases.The highest morbidity rate was 439.8/lakh,and the average annual reported cases was 98.4 case.The lowest morbidity rate was 7 cases in 2007.Compared with the countrywide morbidity rate,the correlation coefficient was 0.8462.The morbidity rate had been declined obviously.[Conclusion]The prevalence rate of hepatitis A was low in Gaoling County,but the immunity should be strengthened.


Objective:To study the Tongfu Treatment on treating diabitic foot COPD patients with respiratory insufficiency.Method:80 patients patients with respiratory insufficiency were randomly divided into treatment group(40 cases)and control group(40 cases),the two groups were treated by the western medicine convention treatment,on that basis,the treatment group was given Xuanbai Cheng Qi Tang,the efficacy and the pretherapy and post-treatment of changes of blood gas were observed.Result:The total effective rate of the treatment group was 92.5%,the control group was 75.0%, the two groups in clinical curative effect had significant difference( P 0.05);compare the two groups after treatment than before treatment,the PaO 2 and PaCO 2 of two groups were statistically significant( P 0.05);among groups after treatment comparison,the improvement of the treatment group was better than control group( P 0.05).Conclusion:The Tongfu Treatment had obvious effect on COPD patients with respiratory insufficiency,it's worthy of clinic application.


Intelligent control is a class of control techniques that use various artificial intelligence computing approaches like neural networks, Bayesian probability, fuzzy logic, machine learning, evolutionary computation and genetic algorithms.


Using monoanionic forms of di-2-pyridyl ketone as the only primary ligand, triangular Ni(2)M (M = lanthanide, Y) complexes with interesting magnetic properties have been synthesized.


This article analyses how theater drama can help in adult education. It is pointed that in the theater we see informal education, that is gaining new knowledge, skills, values... Research made in Sarajevo suggests that theater is in the function of adult education, but this function should be developed better in the future.


How College Works, by Daniel F. Chambliss and Christopher G. Takacs. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014. 224 pages. $29.95 Hardcover and Ebook.Paying for the Party: How College Maintains...


While writing my thesis, 'The Rural School Experiment: Creating a Queensland Yeoman, the archival research revealed interesting aspects of individuals' lives, that while peripheral to the thesis the information was still noteworthy. The life of John Lane, the head teacher at Yandina, provides one example.


CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS TRANSMISSION AND RESISTANCE IN Capsicum annuum L. May 1985 John R. Cuevas, B.A., Harvard College M.S., University of Massachusetts Directed by: Dr. Clark W. Nicklow Ten selections of P.I. 28 64 19 and seven selections of P.I. 288941 were mechanically inoculated and tested, using indirect-ELISA, for the presence of CMV. Of those selections, seven selections of P.I. 286419, and one selection of P.I. 288941, appeared to be systemically resistant. The progeny of these plants were similarly tested for CMV resistance. Sixty-two per cent of the P.I. 286419 progeny plants were resistant, with resistance among the selections varying from 47% to 86%. It was determined that these plants localized the virus in the inoculated leaves. The P.I. 288941 progeny plants were not resistant. Definite conclusions as to the mode of inheritance could not be drawn on the basis of these results. The efficiency and reliability of aphid inocula¬ tion versus mechanical inoculation was compared. It was found that mechanical inoculation were more


Helicopters are inherently unstable flying machines. to provide adequate handling qualities to small-scale remotely-piloted unmanned helicopters mechanical dampers are utilized. This mechanical damper, or flybar, greatly increases the mechanical complexity of the overall rotor system. It also increases the drag profile of the vehicle. The advent of miniaturized computer and sensor technologies enables the elimination of the flybar from small-scale UAV helicopters. This paper from small-scale UAV helicopters. This paper describes two flight control methods to assist an external pilot in flying a small-scale helicopter. The first method is designed around a lagged-rate feedback system. The second is a more complex attitude command attitude hold (ACAH) system based on adaptive neural-network, model inversion control. Control system architecture and hardware will be presented. Flight test and simulation results will also be included. The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory's test helicopter will be described.


A/riplex hasia/a is taken as an example of a halophytie member of the genus. As a seedling it is shown to be tolerant to NaGI concentrations !tpproximating that of sea· water (O·tiiVI). Growth, however, is severely inhibited in concentrations above O·aM. For comparable cOllcentmtions, the chloride cOlltellts of the mature leaves are lower than those of either A. vesicaria or tomato plants. The root systems of A. has/a/a exhibit considerably higher chloride (mntents on a dry matter basis than the mature leaves. The total of the mature leaf cations analysed greatly exceeded the total of the inorganic anions. This condition is shown to agree with what would be expeeted, assuming a simple Donnan equilibrium existed between the mature leaves and the external eulture solution, where the concentration of the latter is 0'2M: or above.


Ctenocolletes nigricans sp. novo and the male of C. fulvescens Houston are described from Western Australia. Extensions of the known ranges of several species are recorded and a key to the 10 known species of Ctenocolletes is provided.


The laws of motion and therefore, classical mechanics[1], are founded on elementary calculus which begins with the definition of "derivative". Such literature is so well established today that anybody educated in high school physics can understand the language without having a hint of doubt. However, if one studies carefully how Cauchy defined the notion of derivative in his book[2], it is radically different from the standard practice in physics[4–6]. Quite remarkably, as I find, if Cauchy would have been careful enough with his own language, then he could have written down the "Heisenberg" uncertainty principle as a condition for violation of the laws of motion and therefore, for the invalidity of classical mechanics. This fact brings to light the question that how physics could have evolved differently if the uncertainty principle would have been theoretically written down by Cauchy around one century earlier than the time of Heisenberg[10]. More importantly, it raises the concern regarding how truthfully the theories of physics reflect the physicist's experience of experiment which is the only accepted mean to pursue truth and reality through science. With an aim to elucidate such concerns as my personal opinion, I intend to analyze Cauchy's definition of derivative as he put it in his own words in his book[2]. While there is a much broader virtue associated with the present discussion from the philosopher's and the logician's perspective, which I have elaborated in ref.[8], I believe that the central issue is worth the attention of the mainstream physics community irrespective of the philosopher's and the logician's assessment of such an opinion. Before proceeding, for the ease of understanding of the reader, I may specify the meanings of the following symbols to be used: ":=", "3" and "⇔" stand for "defined as", "such that" and "equivalent to", respectively. Cauchy defined "derivative of a function", on page no. 11 of ref.[2], as follows: "· · · function y = f(x) · · · variable x · · · an infinitely small increment attributed to the variable produces an infinitely small increment of the function itself. · · · set ∆x = i, the two terms of the ratio of differences


This study is part of a longitudinal study of 22 elementary school children observed over a 3-year time span in the classroom and in individual task-based interviews. Through the examination of videotaped structured clinical interviews nf Marcia, the first in 1992 when she was 9 years old (4th-grade) , this study seeks to draw inferences about her internal strategic problem representations while engaged in problem-solving activity, and to analyze how these representations developed over a 2-year time span. An analysis of Marcia's task-based interviews shows that strategies are accessible to her, and even more importantly, that they do not necessarily need to be "taught." The research reported here shnws that Marcia, when left to her own devices, not only invented strategies and representations to aid her in finding a solution to the troblem, but she often did so in noncanonical ways. (Author) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** rc') Inferring Internal Strategic Problem Representation and Its Development: A Two-Year Case Study With Marcia


In India, fisheries sector serves as an important
source of employment and income generation. In a
fishing household, the male member, who goes to
the sea and engages himself in the actual fishing
process is recognised well but role of the female
member who does a lot of work after the fish is
landed is often not highlighted. Today's average
Indian fisherman family often finds it difficult to
earn a livelihood throughout the year. Therefore,
the potential of the unemployed fisherwomen needs
to be tapped, by equipping them with skills to
generate additional income for the household.


A bs tr ac t This paper identifies the connection between cultural integration and language modification in Pakistan, with a focus on the Potohari region of northern Punjab. The study has primarily been conducted in the Potohar region, consisting of the three districts of Rawalpindi, Chakwal, and Gujarkhan. The respondents were selected mainly from innate Potohari families to determine and identify the changes in native language. The results indicated that the native language of Potohari has been replaced by the Urdu and English in the present generation. Younger people feel comfortable speaking these languages at their household level. The conservation of an aboriginal language is important before its liquidation. This paper highlighted the pace and extent of the replacement of the native language of Potohari with the national and international language of Urdu and English as a symbol of modernization, and its implications for the cultural integration of society. The Data was collected through formal interviews, group discussion and a survey.


The study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the medicinal plants possessing antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties growing in Uzbekistan and analyze their prоbiotic properties.
Four plant isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and three commercial strains were used in the study. Alimentary hyperglycemia was induced in white outbred rats, and glucose level was measured before and after treatment with lactic acid bacteria according to the experiment scheme using an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test.
The investigation was shown that strains of Lactobacillus kunkeei 1, L. рlantarum TK1, L. рlantarum KA3, Enterococcus faecium effectively reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in rats. Moreover, evaluation of their probiotic properties: sensitivity to antibiotics, simulated gastric juice, simulated juice of small intestine, bile, and elevated concentration of sodium chloride, demonstrated that the strains Enterococcus faecium 1, Lactobacillus kunkeei 1, L. рlantarum TK1, L. рlantarum KA3 meet the criteria for probiotics.
These strains could be considered promising candidates for the preparation of probiotic preparations intended not only to correct gut microbiota but also to maintain normal blood glucose levels.


In the power mobile emergency communication system which is based on IP communications and satellite communication as transmission platform,the traditional program-controlled voice communication has been unable to meet current demands.The telephone soft-switch technology can integrate voice,video,data and other applications,not only meeting the requirements of IP communications transmission,but also making mobile emergency voice communications IP reachable and wireless by integrating with the wireless intercom system.The telephone soft-switch technology provides a variety of communication methods and interconnection with communication interoperability and application command platform for the power mobile emergency communications applications,resulting in an efficiency improvement of emergency command.


The diploma thesis deals with the issue of selecting the most suitable variant of financing the investment project of the selected company via a bank loan. The aim of this thesis is to compare the offers of the selected banking institutions (Citibank Europe plc., organization-al unit, UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia, a.s., and Komercni banka, a.s.). The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, a literature review was carried out on the topic of investment evaluation and banking tools. The prac-tical part illustrates the current state of the selected company and evaluates the economic efficiency of the intended investment based on the comparison of the offers of individual banking institutions. The research has confirmed that the current banking institution offers the company the most favorable terms. The results of this work enable the company to make easier decisions when deciding on the option of financing the investment plan.


In recent years, many companies have given customer loyalty a high priority on their list of business needs because customer loyalty is essential to their success. Companies must recognise the loyalty and characteristics (price-driven, service-driven or quality-driven et al.) of their customers and market to them appropriately. In this paper, we put forward a customer loyalty analysis process based on customer repurchase, customer price perception, service perception and quality perception. In the data mining process, we analyse the prior customer loyalty information, mine the potential customer information and predict the customer's future purchase. We give a method to set up a statistical model for transition probability matrix of purchase proportion. According to Bayesian rule, we obtain the conditional probability, and calculate the equation that is referred as the likelihood function, and then design a classifier based on the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for discovering which customer is loyal and which is not loyal.


Self-driving cars are a ground-breaking invention with the potential to revolutionize the transportation sector. As technology develops, it is more crucial than ever to guarantee the dependability of self-driving cars. The dependability analysis of self-driving cars is the main topic of this research article. The multiple levels of automation in self-driving cars and their accompanying reliability requirements are covered in the first section of the study. Afterwards, it examines the many parts of a self-driving car system, such as the perception, decision-making, and control subsystems, and talks about the dependability issues that each of these parts faces. The paper ends by highlighting the value of reliability analysis in ensuring the security and wide acceptance of self-driving cars. In order to overcome the remaining issues and provide more sophisticated methods for self-driving car dependability evaluations, the report advocates for additional research.


Let − ( n + 1) < m ⩽ − ( n + 1) (1 − ϱ ) and let $${T_a} \in {\cal L}_{ϱ}^m,\delta $$ T a ∈ ℒ ϱ m , δ be pseudo-differential operators with symbols a ( x, ξ ) ∈ ℝ n × ℝ n , where 0 < ϱ ⩽ 1,0 ⩽ δ < 1 and δ ⩽ ϱ . Let μ, λ be weights in Muckenhoupt classes A p , ν = ( μλ −1 ) 1/ p for some 1 < p < ∞. We establish a two-weight inequality for commutators generated by pseudo-differential operators T a with weighted BMO functions b ∈ BMO ν , namely, the commutator [ b, T a ] is bounded from L p ( μ ) into L p ( λ ). Furthermore, the range of m can be extended to the whole m ⩽ − ( n + 1)(1 − ϱ ).


A new curriculum "Fundamental Chemical Experiment" was tested to set up instead of the experimental curriculums for Four Chemistry (inorganic, organic, analytical and physical chemistry) set up separately. A fundamental chemical experiment center was established to replace the original experimental departments for Four Chemistry. After completely studying the experimental items of Four Chemistry, a new framework for fundamental chemical experimental curriculum was built, which has the distinctive feature of this university.


A plant substrate, consisting of (a) 25 to 100% by weight of an open cell melamine-formaldehyde foam, (b) 0 to 75% by weight of an additional synthetic plant substrate and/or mineral soil, and (c) 0 to 25% by weight of one or more active ingredient-releasing systems and/or additional additives, can be stored and transported in the completely anhydrous state and makes good air circulation in the soil possible. ® KIPO & WIPO 2009


Something quite exciting happened recently. For the first time in the six months that I have been receiving a publication from a national executive recruiter, the December 2002 issue listed several positions for Organizational Development (OD) and Human Performance Improvement (HPI) Professionals. Half of those positions were listed with multinational firms. This is a welcome sign that corporations are starting to understand the need and value for developing the human systems on which their process systems depend.


- Let R be a commutative ring with unity. In this paper we introduce and study Fuzzy Quasi regular ring as generalizations of (ordinary) Quasi regular ring. We give some basic properties about these concepts.


Network planning for all but the smallest carriers requires IT applications. There are plenty to choose from and their functions are continuing to increase, as Henry Canaday reports.


Nerves supplying forearm flexor muscles were exchanged (crossed) with those supplying forearm extensors. After complete recovery, the movements of the forelimb were the same as those of normal limbs. Dissections showed that the nerves remained crossed, and electrical stimulation of the crossed nerves close to the muscles they supplied showed that the nerves were functionally connected to the foreign muscles. On the basis of these criteria, it appeared that axolotl nerves could respecify themselves.

Stimulation of the crossed nerves further from the muscles they innervated, however, yielded contractions in the muscles that the nerves had originally supplied. Therefore, one of the two crossed nerves was severed at the shoulder and allowed to degenerate so that any movements elicited by subsequent electrical stimulation could be ascribed unambiguously to the remaining, non-degenerated nerve. Electrical stimulation now showed clearly that the nerve which had originally innervated forearm flexors continued to produce flexion responses after it was crossed, and the nerve which had formerly innervated extensors continued to produce extension. Thus the fibers had somehow recrossed to reinnervate their original muscles.

It therefore appears from the present investigation that axolotl nerves do not respecify themselves. Instead, a few fibers find their way back to their original muscles, and this is enough to produce normal movement.


Survey conducted on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. growing in Karnataka revealed 20 species of insect pests. Of these, five species are new records.


A generalised fuzzy approach to statistical modelling techniques for pattern recognition is proposed in this paper. Fuzzy C-means (FCM) and fuzzy entropy (FE) techniques are combined into a generalised fuzzy technique and applied to third-order two-dimensional hidden Markov mode(2-D HMM). 2-D HMM is an extension of 1-D HMM to 2-D, it provides a reasonable statistical method to model matrix data. By using the ideal that the sequences of states on columns or rows of a third-order 2-D HMM can be seen as states of a 1-D HMM and building up a generalised fuzzy objective function, several new formulae solving model training problem problem are theoretically derived.


Since a very young age, the majority of human social interactions involve objects. In these interactions, children seem to take into account who owns what. The notion of ownership thus does not involve only a person and an object, but is a relationship between several persons with respect to an object. This relationship is organized by a set of rules or property rights. Our work deals with children's understanding of the notion of ownership. At what age do children acquire the understanding of property rights? Before an explicit mastery of the notion of ownership, do children have a more implicit understanding of it? More precisely, we explored the understanding and evaluation of illegitimate and legitimate transfers of property in children from 5 months to 5 years of age. We studied two types of ownership transgressions: illegitimate acquisition of an object (without owner's intention to transfer it), and absence of restitution of an object to its owner. In all our studies, we presented to children property transfers between two characters using non-verbal animated cartoons or movies with puppets as actors, and then measured children's understanding and evaluation of those transfers. The studies in Chapter 2 (Studies 1 and 2) assessed children's evaluation of different modes of acquisition of an object. The two experiments of Study 1 explored 3- and 5-year-olds's understanding and evaluation of illegitimate and legitimate property transfers. Adults were also tested as a control population. This study is the first one to investigate simultaneously children's explicit and implicit understanding of the notion of ownership, by asking questions about property rights, as well as social and moral evaluations of the characters implicated in the transfers, respectively. In Study 1a, participants saw a character acquiring an object either in an illegitimate way (theft condition) or in a legitimate one (gift-reception condition). In Study 1b, an illegitimate action (theft) was compared to a legitimate action (giving). 5-year-old children (as adults) showed both an implicit understanding of ownership through their social/moral evaluation (preferring the legitimate agent (gift recipient or giver) compared to the illegitimate agent (thief)), and an explicit understanding of ownership through their ability to attribute different property rights considering the legitimacy of the transfer. 3-year-old children did not make any distinction between the illegitimate and legitimate conditions in their evaluation, neither in their attribution of property rights. These results suggest that children acquire implicit and explicit understanding of ownership at the same time. In Study 1, no emotional reaction was present. We examined in Study 2 the role of the first possessor's emotions in 3-year-olds' evaluation of object acquisition. The same cue was present in the legitimate and illegitimate conditions: the first possessor being sad after both transfers. In the presence of this emotional cue, 3-year-olds managed to distinguish between the two conditions in their social/moral evaluation. This distinction could not have been based solely on the presence of a negative emotion, as the emotion displayed was the same in both conditions. We suggest that 3-year-old children detected the moral transgression in the theft condition, and used the negative emotion to confirm it. The studies in Chapter 3 (Studies 3 to 5) examined children's evaluations of the restitution of an object to its owner. Young children (2-3-year-old) have a bias to consider that the first possessor of an object is its "owner" and that the object cannot be definitively transferred to someone else. We thus investigated whether 3-year-old children (Studies 3 and 4) implicitly evaluate the absence of restitution as a transgression, and evaluate it negatively compared to the restitution of an object to its first possessor…


The eyes make rapid, saccadic movements from point to point in space several times each second. It is generally assumed that some mental representation of the visual environment is maintained across eye movements in a trans-saccadic memory. We examined the role of attention in the encoding of information into trans-saccadic memory using a partial report procedure. A letter array was presented in one fixation, then a bar marker probed report of one array position after a saccade was made to a new location. Accuracy was high for positions that subjects had been told to attend to, but it was also high for positions near the saccade target, even if subjects had been instructed to attend elsewhere. These results indicate that attention determines what information is encoded into trans-saccadic memory and hence remembered across eye movements. Because attention automatically precedes the eyes to the saccade target location, information near the saccade target is likely to be encoded. The results are discussed i...


Abstract Ceramics were developed using Bayer's process bauxite residue and a clay mixture in a weight ratio 1 : 1. Firing was performed in a propane firing kiln at 1000°C for 1 or 4 h soaking. For oxidising atmosphere, water absorption varies between 18⋅9 and 19⋅5% and bending strength between 25⋅9 and 27⋅9 MPa. The crystalline phases identified are haematite Fe2O3, quartz SiO2, plagioclase [anorthite (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)2Si2O8], clinopyroxene [augite Ca(Mg,Fe+3,Al)(Si,Al)2O6] and corundum Al2O3. The microstructure is comprised of Si rich vitrified areas that contain quartz and have closed, round pores and an assemblage of particles creating a mass with open and interlinked pores and no signs of glassy phase. For reducing atmosphere and 1 or 4 h soaking, water absorption varies between 18⋅2 and 18⋅7% and bending strength is ∼29⋅5 MPa. The crystalline phases identified are qualitatively the same as for the oxidising atmosphere. The microstructure is comprised of two concentric zones due to the reduced gas permeability in the core of the body. The outer shell is highly vitrified with closed and rounded pores. The microstructure in the core of the body resembles that of samples fired in oxidising atmosphere; however, the average pore size is higher and the vitrified regions are more extensively formed. The build-up of compressive stresses in the outer shell may also account for the increase in the bending strength; however, cracks were developed in few occasions. In all cases, quartz participates in the development of liquid phase and dissolves in the melt. Increase in the soaking time results in a decrease in the quartz content in the body and an increase in the vitreous phase.


Abstract: Existence and uniqueness of a fixed point is proved by Banach(1922), which is known as Banach contraction principle [1]. It is a very useful, simple, and classical tool in fixed point theory. Many authors have studied and extended this theorem in different ways. In this paper we also prove a new result concerning fixed point on two complete metric spaces. In this paper, we prove a common fixed point theorems for two pairs of maps in two complete metric spaces. These theorems are versions of many known results in metric spaces.


correspondence: Toshio Ichikawa Department of Biology, Faculty of sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan Tel +81 92 642 2612 Fax +81 92 642 2315 email firstname.lastname@example.com Background: Pupae of the tenebrionid beetles exhibit different defensive behaviors in response to tactile stimulation of different parts of their bodies. Little is known about the mechanosensory mechanisms that initiate these defensive behaviors. To understand the mechanisms, we examined the distribution and function of the mechanoreceptive sensilla on the pupal body of Zophobas atratus. Methods: The sensilla on the surface of the pupal cuticle were observed using light and scanning electron microscopy. The tactile sensitivity of various parts of the pupal body was tested using three probes with different bending forces. The function of particular sensilla was examined by stimulating them electrically. Results: Hair (trichoid) sensilla were classified according to their length, ie, long hair sensilla (80–200 μm) were mostly located on the lateral regions of each body segment and short hairs (5–50 μm) were distributed across almost the entire surface of the pupal body, except for the elytra and intersegmental membrane of the abdomen. In addition to the trichoid sensilla, almost all parts of the pupal body, including the elytra and the intersegmental membrane, had campaniform sensilla (CS) with a dome-like structure in the cuticular layer; these sensilla detected strains in the cuticle. The CS were concentrated on the articulation of segmented appendages and the lateral region of the intersegmental membrane. The defensive response (abdominal rotation) to electrical stimulation was greatly reduced when afferent nerves from CS clustered on the apical region of the tarsus were transected. Conclusion: CS may be responsible for the high sensitivity of pupal appendages to tactile stimuli. The CS located on the appendages and abdominal intersegmental membrane may trigger specific and effective defensive behaviors. Both types of mechanoreceptive sensilla may enable pupal perception of the external environment, including the location of potentially harmful stimuli, and are involved in the control of defensive posture and movement.


I explore the feasibility of detecting varying or transient astrophysical sources by comparing optical images against a model representation of the fiducial sky. For this test I use the shapelet models of Massey and Refregier, which are constructed from a complete orthonormal basis set and can often represent even complex objects with a limited number of terms. The shapelet model convolved by the (empirically determined) local PSF is fit to the reference data, resulting in a sharper model without need for deconvolution. These models can then be convolved with the PSF of subsequent observations and subtracted from the data to reveal any change from the reference. I compare the quality and speed of this procedure against existing image subtraction techniques. Image Model Subtraction Robert Quimby (California Institute of Technology) Figure 3: Modeling a galaxy as a linear composition of shapelets. Above: A galaxy as imaged by ROTSE-IIIb (left), a shapelet model of this object (center), and the difference. Below: A model of the same galaxy (upper left) which is convolved with the local PSF model (lower left) to produce a model of the observed galaxy (lower middle), and the residual of this model (right). For reference, an SDSS image with much higher spatial resolution is also shown. Figure 2: The first few shapelets in the basis set. The 0th order term is a 2D Gaussian (lower left corner), which is perturbed in each dimension by an nth order Hermite polynomial. A linear combination of these 15 terms is shown off to the bottom right. H0(x)=1 H1(x)=2x H2(x)=4x^2-2 H3(x)=8x^3-12x H4(x)=16x^4-48x^2+12 etc. Introduction An endeavor integral to all varieties of time domain astronomy is the comparison of data obtained at some epoch under certain conditions against a representation of those same celestial regions that has been constructed from separate (temporally distinct) observations. The goal being to identify varying or transient sources hidden in the fiducial sky. In searches for optical transients, this is typically accomplished through image subtraction, where an image is registered against a reference template, which is then subtracted off to generate a difference image that ideally contains only the positive and negative residuals of any objects in the field that have brightened or faded, respectively. In practice, one must also account for "seeing" differences as well, which can be accomplished by convolving the sharper image so that the effective point spread function (PSF) matches that of the worse image (see for example Allard & Lupton 1998), or one may convolve both images to a third, common PSF (e.g. Yuan & Akerlof 2007). In addition to being computationally expensive, image subtraction routines often fail to accurately match frames, and they can generate bogus residuals on the difference images that can masquerade as or obscure real time variable sources. Concept Consider two distinct images of an isolated star. As this source is unresolved, on each frame the object will have the shape of the local PSF as recorded by the detector (including any atmospheric or instrumental blurring), and its total flux and angular position on the sky can be found. How can we use the data gathered from the first epoch to subtract out this star from our second image? If one of the images has a decidedly sharper PSF in all aspects, we may find a convolution kernel that can blur this image to match the other, similar to the ISIS algorithm, or we may blur both images as in Akerlof & Yuan 2007, and then subtract the result. However, in this specific case there is a much simpler method: because the source is known to be an isolated point source, its shape on either image is well represented by the local PSF, so we may simply take the shape of the new PSF, scale it by the flux measured on the first image, and then subtract it off from the second image (see Fig. 1). For this example, the only limiting factors are our abilities to measure the flux on the first image and to model the local PSF on the second image, which are problems shared by the more traditional image subtraction procedures. In reality, the sky is composed from both point like and extended sources, and it can be a challenge to derive the pristine shape of the latter given only data blurred by the atmosphere or otherwise. Deconvolution techniques are notoriously unsatisfactory in accomplishing this feat on optical images as the exact shape of the PSF cannot be computed a priori and empirical measurements introduce noise, which is amplified in the matrix inversion process. However, if one is able to remove, or at least lessen the blurring present in the reference data to recover the unconvolved view of the sky, it becomes a straightforward procedure to convolve this pristine picture to match the observing conditions of subsequent observations. In this poster, I suggest that a pristine model convolved with the local PSF may represent all objects in a given field. These models may later be convolved simply by the empirical PSF measured for new observations and then subtracted to reveal time varying sources. I offer a prototype example of this procedure using the shapelet modeling technique (Refregier 2003, Massey et al. 2004), which has been developed primarily for weak lensing studies and already includes tools to remove the effects of seeing as described above.


ATLAS is the largest particle detector at the Large Hadron Collider for high energy physics experiments that produces over 40 TB/s event data. The ATLAS Readout Buffer INput(ROBIN) subsystem is an essential device to buffer and reduce the data, which has a IBM PowerPC core for the control functionalities.
This dissertation addresses the software design of an embedded real-time system centering on the PowerPC micro-controller, as the management core of the ROBIN. A page-based solution is presented to handle the event buffer management, and a hash searching scheme is applied to deal with the event lookup.
An embedded real-time Linux operating system is adapted and optimized for the ROBIN PowerPC processor. The experiment results show that the
standalone non-OS based PowerPC system is already above the current ATLAS requirements, while the real-time Linux based ROBIN PowerPC system does not meet the related ROBIN baseline performance requirement.