In this thesis, I argue that the both the Church and the Queer Community will benefit from a reexamination of Church teachings on sexuality. I argue that Church's current position on sexuality does not uphold its own teaching on the importance human dignity, because a sexual ethic that opposes homosexuality contributes to the marginalization of members of the Queer Community. I then argue that Michael Lawler's and Todd Salzman's The Sexual Person: Toward a Renewed Catholic Anthropology provides a revisionist theory on sexual ethics that is inclusive of same-sex couples while also paying deference to the fundamental elements of the Church's teaching on sexual ethics. Having suggested that a revisionist sexual ethic such as Salzman's and Lawler's serves as a cohesive response to the Church's existing position on sexuality, I appeal to Elizabeth Johnson's framework in Quest for the Living God: Mapping Frontiers in the Theology of God. Johnson argues that individuals who experience marginalization are an asset to the Christian Church because they offer unique insights into God. I propose that instead of approaching homosexuality solely in terms of ethics, Johnson's framework allows us to regard members of the Queer Community in terms of the contributions they have to offer the Church. Finally, I employ David Tracy's methodology in Blessed Rage for Order: The New Pluralism in Theology and propose that in light of postmodernity, we ought to use a pluralistic model when approaching a multiplicity of belief systems as well as when approaching the multi-faceted nature of sexuality. I conclude that in doing so both the Church and the Queer Community will benefit from the Queer Community's full and open participation within the Catholic Church.


A method for avoiding parasitic shear in displacement-based finite elements is proposed. Internal degrees-of-freedom are not required, and the resulting element is valid whether rectangular or of general quadrilateral shape. The element is improved by adding internal degrees-of-freedom, but it is questionable whether the improvement is worth the added computational expense. The new elements may be immediately adapted to the analysis of solids of revolution. Computational test has shown that the new elements, with or without internal degrees-of-freedom, pass the patch test in axisymmetric problems. The test cases considered were radial loads on a disk of constant thickness and axial loads on a cylinder of constant thickness. Non-rectangular elements were used in both cases. The proposed method of formulation might similarly benefit the eight-node linear isoparametric solid element. As there are many ways to divide a hexahedron into component tetrahedra, the crudest acceptable division must be sought in order to achieve computational efficiency.


Melamine was used to modify resorcinol-bisphenyl A cured resin,and a new resin product,non-formaldehyde,low content of free resorcinol,was synthesized.Using free resorcinol content as main designation, the effect of n(resorcinol): n(epoxy),dosage of melamine,dosage of catalyst,cure temperature and cure time on the reaction were studied thoroughly.A good resin product was obtained under the following conditions: n(resorcinol):n(epoxy) was 1.3,dosage of melamine was 10.0 g,dosage of catalyst was 0.8 g,temperature was 180℃,cure time was 2.0h.The content of free resorcinol was 0.83%,softening points was 95~105℃,steel pull-out force was as high as 429N.


The present invention relates to a highly sensitive analytical system for the detection of analytes, particularly of biological material in a sample, wherein a positive signal is amplified by in situ generation of a polymer. Further, the present invention provides a Kit this analysis system comprising and a method for the detection of immobilized on a support analyte relates to this analysis system using.


Quadruped robot locomotion is a difficult task due to the increased system complexity and its rough environment. In addition, critical stability issues emerge when considering multibody systems such as quadruped robots. Legged robots have complex dynamics and many degrees of freedom that must be well orchestrated for achieving a robust and dynamically stable locomotion pattern. Handling positive or negative slopes enhances the locomotion qualities of legged robots, but demands more from its actuation system. However, higher torque requirements have an adverse impact on a robot's total mass. Legged robots have an advantage in dealing with various terrain types, or in handling terrain discontinuities with the use of accurate foot placement. Such systems have hybrid dynamics that are described by different sets of differential equations, according to the phase at which the robot is in (flight phase, double stance phase, etc.). Up to now, enhanced controllers, e.g. by means of computer vision [1], have been implemented for trotting on rough terrain. However, legged robots are difficult to control and as a result, they are subject to dangerous tipover instabilities. Tipover prevention criteria have been introduced aiming at prevention of dangerous situations for mobile manipulator systems [2]. Such criteria take into account tipover or rollover when operating over uneven terrain, and/or when exerting large forces or moments [6]. Figure 1: The 3D model of the NTUA quadruped in Webots 8 Simulation Environment during dynamic running. The projection of the body's CoM is within the robot's support polygon. Pronking on a 20° slope has been achieved. In our current work, we investigate stability issues of quadruped robots on positive and negative slopes subject to various disturbances. For this purpose, a 3D quadruped robot model has been implemented in Webots 8, [4]. The model is equipped with the necessary sensors (gyros, accelerometers, force sensors, laser range finder etc.) for state estimation and accurate phase triggering. The control algorithm uses sensor measurements to calculate the necessary torque and touchdown leg angles for stable pronking. Initially, the robot is controlled to perform pronking on level ground. Gradually, the inclination is increased. The quadruped's performance is validated to be similar to [5]. We analyze how stable dynamic running can be performed as terrain morphology changes, how the quadruped's gaits can be rearranged in order to carry out these tasks, and what makes a gait more persistent to disturbances compared to alternative ones. The answer to these key questions will help us achieve stable motions similar to mobile manipulators on various terrain types and enhance already presented tipover criteria [2]. In this work, we seek to enhance the controller in various ways by answering the previously stated questions. To this end, we examine the different support situations for quadrupeds. Firstly, during the double stance phase, the legs are in contact with the ground and form a support polygon. As a result, the force angle stability measure and time to tipover can be calculated [6]. Secondly, we study quasi-static situations, during which the projection of the robot center of mass (CoM) lies at the edge of the support polygon formed by the three legs that are in contact with the ground. Then, if the robot tends to fall toward the only leg that is not in contact with the ground, the stability can be ensured again. Finally, experiments with the NTUA quadruped show that, during dynamic running, tipover may occur when the robot rotates around the (front) left toe – right toe axis (or back left and right toes respectively). In this case, we seek solutions in which the total force acting on the CoM is pointing towards the side of the robot with a leg about to contact the ground. Overall, no single approach for every terrain or inclination exists, but instead stable running also depends on the friction between the tow and the ground as well as the compliance of the ground. Simulations will be performed for level ground and for a maximum slope of 20°. Initial experiments have been conducted with the quadruped model in Webots 8, performing pronking or bounding using a controller previously developed [3]. With this controller, forward velocity on lift-off and apex height, are maintained within desired limits. During these simulations, and using the forceangle stability measure, the time to tipover will be calculated. At ECOMASS 2015, we will present our latest results and conclusions towards an enhanced controller for stable slope climbing. In addition, we will show that dynamic running cannot be performed if ground inclination or robot's CoM increases beyond a specific level, depending on friction, weight and torque capabilities. References [1] S. Bazeille, V. Barasuol, M. Focchi, I. Havoutis, M. Frigerio, J. Buchli, C. Semini, and D. G. Caldwell, "Vision enhanced reactive locomotion control for trotting on rough terrain," in Technologies for Practical Robot Applications (TePRA), 2013 IEEE International Conference on, 2013, pp. 1–6. [2] E. G. Papadopoulos and D. A. Rey, "A new measure of tipover stability margin for mobile manipulators," in Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 1996, vol. 4, pp. 3111–3116 vol.4. [3] N. Cherouvim and E. Papadopoulos, "Use of a novel multipart controller for the parametric study of a trotting quadruped robot," in Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2008, pp. 805–810. [4] O. Michel, "Webots: Professional Mobile Robot Simulation," Int. J. Advanced Robotic Systems, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 39–42, 2004. [5] Kontolatis I. and E. Papadopoulos, "Dynamic Running Quadruped for Crater Exploration," in 11th International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Automation in Space, (iSAIRAS), Turin, 2012. [6] D. A. Rey and E. G. Papadoupoulos, "Online automatic tipover prevention for mobile manipulators," in Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, (IROS '97), 1997, vol. 3, pp. 1273–1278.


1. Mizuno Y, Arai Y. Drivers with dementia in Japan: Required public support under strict legal restrictions. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015;63:611–612. 2. Carr DB, O'Neill D. Mobility and safety issues in drivers with dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 2015;27:1613–1622. 3. The Current Situation of Wrong-Way Driving on the Highway in Japan and Strengthening Countermeasures. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan [on-line]. Available in Japanese at http:// www.mlit.go.jp/common/001111517.pdf Accessed December 7, 2015. 4. White Paper on Traffic Safety 2014. Cabinet Office, Government of Japan [on-line]. Available in Japanese at http://www8.cao.go.jp/koutu/taisaku/ h26kou_haku/pdf/zenbun/h25–1-1–1-2.pdf Accessed December 7, 2015. 5. The Prevention of Traffic Accidents Caused by Older Drivers 2014. National Police Agency, Japan [on-line]. Available in Japanese at https://www.npa.go.jp/koutsuu/menkyo/koreuntensya_tyosa.pdf Accessed December 7, 2015.


In recent years,large-scale structures have become more and more complicated.How to protect the security and evacuate the people rapidly and orderly becomes an important responsibility of the government and large construction management.The design of visual research and real-time data acquisition of the emergency in large public buildings based on GIS,achieve a realistic simulation,optimize the optimal response under emergency evacuation strategy,provide a scientific basis for government departments in urban development and urban disaster prevention and mitigation.


generally thought the best and the most likely to be by Marvell. Although the convention flourished for little more than a decade, it became with the dream, the vision, and the biblical analogy one of the most popular devices for political and especially satiric poetry. It began with Waller's Instructions to a Painter (1665), itself modeled upon Giovanni Francesco Busenello's Prospective of the Naval Triumph of the Venetians, the title given in the translation of 1658 to the celebration


The electrical characteristics and principle of operation of two types of tunnel device are described: the tunnel diode and the uni-tunnel or backward diode. The considerations governing choice of base and alloying materials are discussed. Details are given of the processes used to manufacture germanium and gallium arsenide devices, particular attention being given to the method of achieving close tolerance of the peak current of tunnel diodes by a monitored etching technique. Results are presented which show the influence of processing parameters on device characteristics. The equivalent circuits of the devices are related to the basic properties of the elements and their encapsulation.


The hot interstellar medium (ISM) in early-type galaxies (ETGs) plays a crucial role in understanding their formation and evolution. The structural features of the hot gas identified by Chandra observations point to key evolutionary mechanisms, (e.g., active galactic nuclei, AGN, and stellar feedback, merging history). In our Chandra Galaxy Atlas (CGA) project, taking full advantage of the Chandra capabilities, we systematically analyzed the archival Chandra data of 70 ETGs and produced uniform data products for the hot gas properties. The primary data products are spatially resolved 2D spectral maps of the hot gas from individual galaxies. We emphasize that new features can be identified in the spectral maps that are not readily visible in the surface brightness maps. The high-level images can be viewed at the dedicated CGA website, and the CGA data products can be downloaded to compare with data at other wavelengths and to perform further analyses. Using our data products, we address a few focused science topics.


Abstract : After review of the linear two-dimensional theory of solid rotor induction machines, the so-called composite rotor induction motor is analyzed. The rotor consists of layers of various combinations of magnetic and conducting materials. It is shown that by right selection of layer combinations a nearly ideal constant torque motor can be designed. For the consideration of end effects of a short rotor-motor, a three-dimensional linear treatment is developed. The basic partial differential equations are established and boundary conditions described. After a general solution is found, the boundary conditions satisfied in the least square sense yield the necessary constant. The solution shows clearly the end effects influence. Long and short motors are compared. In the two-dimensional nonlinear numerical solution of the solid rotor induction motor the B-H characteristic is represented as a piece-wise linear curve. The solution is obtained by a successive line relaxation technique of the vector potentials and by underrelaxation of the reluctivities. The results show the influence of saturation. (Author)


For an analytic function in open unit disk D " role="presentation"> 𝔻 D \mathbb{D} , we consider the p " role="presentation"> p p p -valent analogue of the Noshiro-Warschawski univalence condition. We apply the Fejer-Riesz inequality to establish some sufficient conditions for functions to be p " role="presentation"> p p p -valent or to be a Bazilevic function or to be in some other classes.


Aminocarbonylation of aryl halides (I) with dimethylformamide (II) as the source of the carbonyl group is accomplished under title conditions.


Expression of osteopontin (OPN) by activated T‐cells and macrophages is required for the development of cell‐mediated inflammatory responses. Acting through integrin αvβ3 and CD44 receptors, OPN can promote chemoattraction and pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression by macrophages. In this study, we have used periotoneal macrophages from OPN−/, CD44−/−, and WT mice to study the relationship between OPN and CD44 in macrophage migration. Using confocal microscopy, we show that OPN co‐distributes with CD44 inside macrophages at cell edges and in cell processes in a mutually dependent manner. The existence of an intracellular form of OPN is supported by pulse‐chase studies in which a thrombin‐sensitive, phosphorylated protein immunoprecipitated with OPN antibodies is retained inside macrophages. In OPN−/− and CD44−/− macrophages, the absence of CD44 and OPN, respectively, is associated with the formation of fewer cell processes, reduced cell fusion required to form functional multinucleated osteoclasts in the presence of CSF‐1 and RANKL, and impaired chemotaxis. Whereas the chemotaxis of CD44−/− cells to various chemoattractants is almost completely abrogated, a differential effect is seen with the OPN−/− cells. Thus, OPN−/− cells migrate normally towards CSF‐1 but not towards fMLP and MCP‐1, which signal through G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). That the GPCR‐mediated migration is dependent upon the level of cell‐surface CD44 is indicated by the reduced cell‐surface expression of CD44 in OPN−/− cells and a comparable impairment in the chemotaxis of CD44+/− cells. Although chemotaxis of OPN−/− cells could be rescued by an OPN substratum, or by addition of high levels of OPN in solution, no response is evident with physiological levels of OPN, indicating a requirement for the CD44‐associated intracellular OPN in CD44 cell‐surface expression. These studies indicate, therefore, that the level of cell surface CD44 is critical for GPCR‐mediated chemotaxis by peritoneal macrophages and suggest that a novel intracellular form of OPN may modulate CD44 activities involved in these processes. J. Cell. Physiol. 198: 155–167, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The circle criterion provides a sufficient condition for global asymptotic stability for a specific class of nonlinear systems, those consisting of the feedback interconnection of a single-input, single-output linear dynamic system and a static, sector-bounded nonlinearity. Previous authors (Wang et al., 1990) have noted the similarity between the graphical circle criterion and design bounds in the complex plane stemming from the Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) design methodology. The QFT formulation has specific advantages from the standpoint of controller synthesis. However, the aforementioned approach requires that plant uncertainty sets (i.e., templates) be manipulated in the complex plane. Recently, a modified formulation for the QFT linear robust performance and robust stability problem has been put forward in terms of sensitivity function bounds. This formulation admits a parametric inequality which is quadratic in the open loop transfer function magnitude, resulting in a computational simplification over the template-based approach. In addition, the methodology admits mixed parametric and nonparametric plant models. The disk inequality which results represents a much closer analog of the circle criterion, requiring only scaling and a real axis shift. This observation is developed in this paper, and the methodology is demonstrated in this paper via feedback design and parametric analysis of a quarter-car active suspension model with a sector nonlinearity.


Upselling is a common practice in business that is associated with high profit margin. Yet empirical evidence suggests that upselling is negatively correlated with customer satisfaction. In this paper, we study the relationship between upselling and customer satisfaction in the framework of sales agents' incentive. On the one hand, sales representatives are motivated to upsell by the monetary incentive. On the other hand, sales representatives have the intrinsic motivation to achieve customer satisfaction, which is not tied to monetary reward. As exerting effort is costly, an agent optimally allocates efforts in the upselling practice and in serving customers to maximize personal utility. Using data from a national car rental company, we estimate a model of customers' decision to purchase add-on products and customers' satisfaction together with counter representatives' effort allocation decision. We find both monetary and intrinsic incentives are important for a sales agent's decision. We conduct counterfactual analysis to evaluate the implications of different incentive schemes on upselling, customer satisfaction and future business. We find that when doubling the commission rate for sales agents, the average upsell rate will increase more than doubled, but meanwhile the odds of customers choosing the firm in the future will decrease 5.5%. ∗The authors thank Wharton Customer Analytics Initiative and an anonymous car rental company for providing the data. The usual disclaimer applies. All authors contributed equally and are listed alphabetically. †Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. ‡The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Email: email@example.com. §Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Email: email@example.com .


Abstract Objectives To estimate the therapeutic and adverse effects of addition of inhaled anticholinergics to β2 agonists in acute asthma in children and adolescents. Design Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of children and adolescents taking β2 agonists for acute asthma with or without the addition of inhaled anticholinergics. Main outcome measures Hospital admission, pulmonary function tests, number of nebulised treatments, relapse, and adverse effects. Results Of 37 identified trials, 10 were relevant and six of these were of high quality. The addition of a single dose of anticholinergic to β2 agonist did not reduce hospital admission (relative risk 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 1.32). However, significant group differences in lung function supporting the combination treatment were observed 60 minutes (standardised mean difference −0.57, −0.93 to −0.21) and 120 minutes (−0.53, −0.90 to −0.17) after the dose of anticholinergic. In contrast, the addition of multiple doses of anticholinergics to β2 agonists, mainly in children and adolescents with severe exacerbations, reduced the risk of hospital admission by 30% (relative risk 0.72, 0.53 to 0.99). Eleven (95% confidence interval 5 to 250) children would need to be treated to avoid one admission. A parallel improvement in lung function (standardised mean difference −0.66, −0.95 to −0.37) was noted 60 minutes after the last combined inhalation. In the single study where anticholinergics were systematically added to every β2 agonist inhalation, irrespective of asthma severity, no group differences were observed for the few available outcomes. There was no increase in the amount of nausea, vomiting, or tremor in patients treated with anticholinergics. Conclusions Adding multiple doses of anticholinergics to β2 agonists seems safe, improves lung function, and may avoid hospital admission in 1 of 11 such treated patients. Although multiple doses should be preferred to single doses of anticholinergics, the available evidence only supports their use in school aged children and adolescents with severe asthma exacerbation.


What roles do cities play in knowledge societies? Do places still matter? To what extent are knowledge production processes place-bound and city-specific? This paper examines some dimensions of the multiple relationships between physically experiencing and mentally constructing the city. Primarily, this is a conceptual exercise. Thus, I read part of the literature on cities and creativity through two different conceptual lenses: representational and non-representational theory. The first lens, which I will call the 'right eye', sees the world from the point of view of abstraction and representation. The second lens, which I refer to as the 'left eye', looks at the world from the perspective of the concrete, experience, and dwelling (i.e. non-representation). Both 'eyes' are helpful as theoretical perspectives to analyse the changing role of cities in the knowledge economy. Thus, I argue for a two-eyed, stereoscopic vision of cities in knowledge-based societies.


Specimens of sauropod dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the Western Interior of the USA are mostly found as partial and partially articulated skeletons or as isolated bones, as seen in, e.g., the Dinosaur National Monument quarry. This mode of preservation sometimes makes an assignment of specific bones to individuals difficult, especially if other partial skeletons or scattered bones of the same taxon are found nearby. In this study, a detailed assessment of skeletal unity is provided by means of paleohistology for several sauropod partial skeletons and isolated long bones from the Howe-Stephens and the Howe Scott quarries, Wyoming, USA. Using histological characters such as histological ontogenetic stages, cyclicity of growth marks, and remodeling rate, an assignment of bones to individuals was made and compared with previous hypotheses of skeletal unity that were based on field observations only. Our study indicates, based on these characters, it is possible to assign isolated bones to an existing individual, recognize isolated bones as belonging to a new individual, and test whether a specific bone belongs to the assigned individual. The histological evidence should be combined with other sources of data such as morphology and taphonomy to reassess previous hypotheses of skeletal unit. The method presented in this study can be used not only for Morrison Formation sauropods, but to test skeletal unity for other fossil tetrapod taxa as well. Kayleigh Wiersma-Weyand. Abteilung Paläontologie, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany. firstname.lastname@example.com Aurore Canoville. Paleontology, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences / Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 11 W Jones Street, 27601 Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, and Abteilung Paläontologie, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany. email@example.com Hans-Jakob Siber. Sauriermuseum Aathal, Zürichstrasse 69, 8607 Aathal, Switzerland. firstname.lastname@example.com P. Martin Sander. Abteilung Paläontologie, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany. firstname.lastname@example.com WIERSMA-WEYAND ET AL.: BONE HISTOLOGY SAUROPODS 2


Objective: In Turkey, individuals who want to retire due to illness and determined within the provisions of the relevant rules and regulations are defined as 'retirement due to disability'. When the insured apply with a petition, describing that s/he cannot work because of the diseases, retirement process begins. First Social Security Institution in case of objection Social Security Supreme Council of Health prepares reports about individuals. Third Specialization Board of the Council of Forensic Medicine is the final expertise authority on these cases. With this study it is aimed to reveal the decision differences on 'retirement due to disability' cases between the Third Specialization Board of the Council of Forensic Medicine and the other institutions and, guided with the findings, to provide the standardization in practical implementation. Materials and Methods: For this study; the reports of the 3rd Specialization Board of The Council of Forensic Medicine were retrospectively investigated and the cases who were reported as not suitable for the retirement due to diseases by Social Security Institution and Social Security Supreme Council of Health but reported as suitable for the rd


The current surgical peer review process, most commonly in the form of the Mortality and Morbidity (M&M) conferences, focuses on assessing clinical complications for opportunities of improvement. However, such a framework may overlook lessons and insights that may be available from cases without complications, especially cases with positive outcomes despite being high risk for postoperative complications. These cases with unexpected positive outcomes have been referred to as positive deviants. The concept of positive deviance is being increasingly applied to quality improvement within healthcare organizations, but has rarely been used in the context of M&M.1 A major barrier to implementing positive deviance to M&M case reviews is how to identify unexpected clinical success cases and how to allocate discussion of such cases during a conference that may already be constrained for time. Given the relatively low complication rates in modern medicine, with substantially more patients experiencing positive than negative outcomes, a system that attempts to review all positive cases will be easily overwhelmed.2 Moreover, not all positive outcomes provide valuable lessons, as many patients with good outcomes are low risk and are not expected to have poor outcomes. Only cases with unexpected outcomes, or those who did well despite a high-risk profile, may provide valuable insights.3 Therefore, an objective approach to determine patient risk and to differentiate positive outcomes between those that were expected versus those that were unexpected is necessary to implement the new framework. Risk calculators, in conjunction with the advent of large population databases, have been developed to assess the likelihood of negative outcomes for any given patient given their unique combination of characteristics.4,5 One such risk calculator is based on the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP),6 which has been demonstrated to be useful in aiding discussion between surgeons and patients.7 We hypothesize that this risk assessment tool can objectively identify positive deviant cases prior to M&M conferences. As such, we aim to demonstrate the application of NSQIP risk calculators to devise a system to objectively identify positive deviant cases for qualitative discussion in M&M conferences.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between personality traits, risk-taking attitude and investment decisions among potential private investors in a post-Soviet transition country, i.e. Kazakhstan. The study provides valuable insights to investment experts and policymakers to understand investors' behavior in post-Soviet transition countries. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative research method is used to measure personality traits, risk-taking behavior and investment decisions of the respondents. A survey was conducted among the students and teachers of a business school in Kazakhstan. Based on literature review, two multiple regression models were development and tested in this study. Software packages SPSS and EViews were used to analyze the data. Findings – The findings revealed that personality traits have some impact on an individual's risk-tolerance behavior, which, in turn, influences investment decisions about stock, securities and bonds. The results of ...


[Comment on Mostbock et al, page 2488][1]In this issue of Blood , Mostbock and colleagues report that effector and rested memory T cells can acquire major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/CD80 costimulatory cell complexes (antigen presentasomes [APSs]) from antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This,


This article provides a brief intellectual history of my journey from traditional public administration through modernist-empiricism to an interpretive approach and its associated research themes; a story of how I got to where I am. I do so to provide the context for a statement of where I stand now and key themes in my research; a story of where I go from here. I have a vaulting ambition: to establish an interpretive approach and narrative explanations in political science, so redefining public policy analysis.


The article discusses the use of discrete wavelet filters for the detection and measurement of local signals parameters which are informative for the analysis of the human state and to study the trends of development of the clinical situation during the rehabilitation period.


Facing significant earthquake losses in 1960ties, Yugoslavia undertook serious multidisciplinary measures to define a technically consistent and economically justifiable level of acceptable seismic risk by assuring adequate technical-juridical environment and a system for its effective and efficient implementation. Being a constitutive unit of SFRY, Macedonia was obliged to implement the federal legislation that was modified to comply with the specificities pertinent to the Republic. The authors of the paper consistently present some segments and aspects of these efforts, focusing the discussion on the genesis of the legal environment (technical regulations, context and time-line of laws adopted) and its implications for the creation of a seismic risk free environment for citizens and protection of national wealth.


In this paper I have sought o demonstrate the advantage of approaching the analysis of a kinship terminology without any preconceived assumption that the "primary meaning" of this or that particular word must necessarily be defined by genealogy. My general standpoint is that kinship terms are category words by means of which the individual istaught o recognize the significant groupings in the social structure into which he is born. Until we as anthropologists fully understand the meaning of that social structure we can hardly hope to understand what the various category words "mean."2


Abstract : Free-flight tests were conducted in the Defence Research Establishment Valcartier (DREV) aeroballistic range on a 18.6% scaled model of the Low Drag General Purpose (LDGP) MK82 CF (Conical Fin) bomb from subsonic to low supersonic velocities. All the main aerodynamic coefficients and dynamic stability derivatives, as well as nonlinear ones were determined using the six-degree-of-freedom single- and multiple-fit data reduction techniques. The pitch moment coefficient was highly nonlinear at low angles of attack in the subsonic and transonic regimes. Estimates of the aerodynamic coefficients from three analytical codes and from one computational fluid dynamic analysis were compared with the free-flight results.


ABSTRACT This research aims to determine the impact of socio-economic community to population density in  the Kenagarian IV Koto Pulau Punjung Kecamatan Pulau Punjung Kabupaten Dharmasraya. This research is a descriptive correlation. Samples were taken proportional Random Sampling technique with a proportion of 10% for the sample region with a population of 1.627 households, so that the sample of respondents quantity 163 households. The results of the research found that : 1. There is a relationship of fertility to population density, because of  t hitung >t table (3.351>1.974), the low strength of the relationship (r=0.255) and a very small contribution (6.5 %), 2. There was no relationship of access infrastructure to population density, because of t hitung >t table (0.750 t table (4.253>1.974), the low strength of the relationship (r=0.318) and a small contribution (10.1%) and 4. There is a relationship fertility, access to infrastructure and education on population density because of F hitung > F table (7.595>2.67), the strength of these three variables to variable Y low (r=0.354) and a small contribution (12,5%) were the dominant fertility.


The preferred technique for sending picture sequences has quickly evolved to include standards-based video compression methods. The ITU family of standards and H265 are two notable examples. Since these standards govern how the decoder should operate, and necessary to understand that they are not bit-exact. This is a crucial point to keep in mind. The method for controlling the processing rate, as well as the pre-and post-processing phases, are entirely under the creator of the system's command. They could cause observable differences between two realizations that comply with the same norm if they provide the desired effect. This work examines various pre-processing and post-processing methods for video compression. Then, go through our ongoing research on compression-improvement techniques. Although they are explained about H265, these methods may be used with any compression standard. We used Edge Preserving Filter and Edge Protecting Filter as Post-and Pre-processing filters. The experimental results show good video qualiry improvement by increasing around 8 dB of PSNR.


Summary Rigid stability in an infected nonunion is the most important factor in obtaining bone healing. Successful treatment is based on creating an optimal mechanical environment in conjunction with debridement of all nonviable bone and soft tissues. Fixation is generally obtained by external fixation. Low-profile rigid fixation is preferable as a result of the extended period of time the external fixators need to be in place. We have successfully used the dynamic compression plate (DCP) as an external fixator in over 30 patients.


The Air Force Research Laboratory Directed Energy Directorate has collected and analyzed passive Multispectral radiometric data using two different sets of filters: astronomical broad-band Johnson filters and the Space Object Identification In Living Color (SILC) filters for Space Situational Awareness (SSA) of geosynchronous satellites (GEOs). The latter set of filters was designed as part of the SILC Space Battlelab initiative. The radiometric data of geosynchronous satellites were taken using a charge-coupled device (CCD) on the 24-inch Ritchey-Chretien telescope at Capilla Peak Observatory of the University of New Mexico. The target list is comprised of satellites with similar and dissimilar bus structures. Additionally, some of the satellites are in a cluster. The results presented will show the advances in classifying GEOs by their bus type and a resolution scenario of cluster cross tagging using Multispectral radiometric measurements.


To study the prevalence of Hepatitis E virus in several animal species including pig, cow, goat, horse, chicken, duck, pigeon, pet dog and some rare poultry,964 seral samples were collected from related animals and antibodies to HEV were detected by a double antigen sandwich ELISA(DS-ELISA).The positive rate of HEV antibody in pigs was 72.18% .The positive rate in sows was the highest followed by growers being 50.00% and finishers being 52.54%. None of the 22 pig farms was negative. The number of those farms with a positive rate more than 60% was 16, accounting for 72.72%. The prevalence of HEV in cows, goats, horses, chickens, ducks, pigeons, though much lower than that in pigs, was also detected with the positive rates being 6.00%, 24%,16% 1.9%,12.77%, and 4.44%,respectively. For the pet dogs, the positive rate was 17.82%, suggesting a relatively higher prevalence. In rare poultry, some species such as wild duck and flamingo had a positive rate of 6.60% and 10%,respectively,while in peafowl and ostrich there were no antibody to HEV detected.


Field experiments were conducted at El-Bustan Agricultural Research Station, in summer season of 2013 on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) variety Giza 5, to study the effect of sprinkler irrigation management and the application of rice straw mulch on yield, quality, water consumptive use and crop coefficient of peanut in sandy soil. Two irrigation treatments, (I3) and (I5) were imposed based on the soil water depletion to bring the soil water deficit to the field capacity at two irrigation intervals of 3 and 5 days. Mulching treatments were applied randomly during the 3-leaf growth stage for one half of the experimental area (M) at a rate of about 500 g/m, while the other half remained bare (non-mulched, Mo). The experimental design was splitplot with three replications and consisted of irrigation treatments in the main plots, mulching and non-mulching treatments as subplots. The results revealed that, higher yield and better crop growth were observed in the mulched plots as compared to nonmulched plots under the same irrigation treatments. Also, the effect of I3 treatment was more pronounced than the effect of I5 treatments. The average values of maximum plant length, No. of pods/plant, pods weight/plant, total Bio-mass, 100 kernels weight ,total pods yield and total kernels yield, were 65.00 cm, 39.45, 53.20 g., 4012.05 kg/fed, 67.10 g, 1658.80 kg/fed and 1176.00 kg/fed, respectively observed with I3M treatment. An increase in the tested quality parameters such as shelling percent, protein and oil percentage, of 8.9, 4.40 and 2.13%, respectively were obtained with I3M treatment as compared to the control treatment (I3MO). The computed ETO value in course of the peanut growth season was 752.25 mm. I3MO treatment had the maximum ETC and applied irrigation water (AIW) values of 2415.0 and 2952.60 m/fed, respectively. Applying rice straw mulch conserved irrigation water by about 14.37 and 21.62% with I3 and I5 treatments, respectively. WUE ranged from 0.60 with I3M and I5M to 0.36 kg/m with I5MO treatment, meanwhile, I5M and I3M treatments had the maximum IWUE values of 0.48 and 0.47 kg/m, respectively. The maximum crop coefficient (KC) value of 0.88 occurred during July, which was less than the generic value listed in FAO-33and-56 by about 16.2 and 10.2%, respectively, however the average KC values of peanut at El-Bustan area of 0.73 was close to FAO-33 and-56 listed values. These results showed that precise management of the available soil moisture content in the course of the growing season, and accurate estimation of ETC as well as, developing site and cultivar specific KC value can be effective way for appropriate irrigation scheduling and water allocation, saving water, maximizing yield and consequently optimizing the economic return.


A significant amount of research effort is being carried out by the research community to increase the scope and usefulness of wireless sensor networks; to optimise life time by developing energy efficient power management, self-organising, medium access and routing protocols; and to reduce the cost of sensing nodes so that dense and robust deployment is possible. Though much has already been achieved, currently the cost of commercially available wireless sensor nodes is considerable and the wide applicability of proposed or existing protocols is still under investigation. One essential problem associated with cost or wide applicability of protocols is that sensor networks are application-specific. Protocols and in-network algorithms are optimised for particular sensing tasks. On the other hand, in research environments researchers would like to experiment not with a single application but with many applications. Considering the not-so-cheap sensing nodes available on the market and the management overhead of deploying wireless sensor networks, it is not economical or efficient to dedicate wireless sensor networks just to a single application, not at present at any rate. We therefore propose a middleware that enables researchers to experiment with multiple applications while providing them with essential in-network functionalities to satisfy individual application's requirements. The middleware cleanly separates sensing from network management so that application developers can obtain data from the wireless sensor networks without having to deal with management concerns.


Several authors have debated the modularity and obliviousness of aspects in AOP and the links between these two notions, noting that obliviousness is not always desirable or achievable. Many proposals have appeared, mainly in the context of AspectJ, to mitigate these issues by restricting upfront, or "inferring" and documenting, where aspects can apply. As pointed out, sacrificing certain facets of obliviousness can not only increase safety but even increase modularity. This paper presents and evaluates a simple extension to AspectJ, consisting in explicit join points (EJPs) which denote potential occurrences of aspects in the base code and enable information passing between base code and aspects. The evaluation takes place in the context of exception handling; by picking up on a recent study of the use of aspects for the same purpose, we quantifg the benefits of our extensions for various common measures of code quality in the context of AOP, such as separation of concerns or coupling.


The intelligent agricultural expert system technology is applied to make diagnosis in rice plant diseases and insect pests. By means of image collection,data transformation and diagnosis analysis, the computer extracts the image, materials about rice plant diseases and insect pests automatically. This system realizes the agricultural knowledge informationization, communication networking, scientific farming modernization for field management of rice planting and offers a technical guide for the setting up of agricultural websites.


Species composition of Hydrophilidae and Helophoridae (Coleoptera) gathered from İzmir, Manisa and Aydın provinces located in the Aegean Region of Turkey were determined in this study. Field surveys were conducted between MayNovember 2013 and February-November 2014. Totally, 30 species belonging to 8 genera were recorded from the study areas; 21 from Hydrophilidae and 9 from Helophoridae. Among them 15 are (50% of whole collected taxa) firstly reported from the Aegean Region of Turkey. All species were presented with updated Turkey distributions.


Ecological cities need ecological ideas. The ecological ideas which include the ecological ethnical conception of respecting nature, harmonizing with natural environment ; practicing thrift, having peaceful way of living and so on.


This paper presents the results of the aerodynamic redesign of an annular turbine blade row. The inverse method herein applied is an extension to 3D of an iterative inverse design method based on the imposition of the blade load, thickness distribution and stacking line. We define a mass-averaged mean tangential velocity over one blade pitch, ruθ , as the main design variable, since its derivative is related to the aerodynamic load. A time-lagged formulation for the 3D camber surface generator is given in order to include the blade thickness distribution into the design algorithm. The hybrid viscous-inviscid design code comprises three main components: the blade update algorithm; a fast inviscid 3D Euler code; and a viscous analysis code. The blade geometry and flow conditions are typical of LP turbine nozzle guide vanes. The design method will demonstrate its ability to redesign blade rows that achieve lower flow losses and a more uniform exit flow angle distribution. The performance of the new blades is checked by means of a Navier-Stokes computation using the κ–e turbulence model. The presented results show a minor decrease in the losses and a better redistribution of the exit flow angle.© 2008 ASME


Objective To observe the effect of uterine artery embolization for the hemodynamics in the hysteromyoma patients.Methods 68 patients with hysteromyoma from June 2011 to December 2012 in our hospital were selected and divided randomly into the control group(n=34) and the observation group(n=34).The control group was given the treatment of mifepristone and the observation group was given the treatment of uterine artery embolization.The volume of hysteromyoma,the volume of hystera,and the index of hemodynamics were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results The volume of hysteromyoma and the volume of hystera in the observation group at four weeks and twelve weeks after treatment were significantly smaller than those in the control group(P0.05).The indexes of SPV,EDV,RI and PI for hemodynamics in the observation group were all significantly lager than those in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion The changes of hemodynamics in the hysteromyoma patients after the treatment of uterine artery embolization are lager and the therapeutic effect is relative good.


Optical absorption and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of CuO2 in solid matrices are investigated, and previous visible studies are extended into the infrared. Several new electronic states are observed and their vibrational frequencies determined. The matrix data are compared with the results of recent gas phase CuO2− photodetachment studies, and with ab initio calculations. We also discuss the unusually large matrix effects and medium-induced electronic and vibrational frequency shifts observed for CuO2.


The article considers the peculiarities of content and of means to express incentive modality as a universal category in the public service announcement discourse in the Russian and German languages. It was shown that institutional features of the advertising type under consideration cause changes in the communicative situation that affects the ways of incentive expression, which largely depend on the ethnic and cultural traits. The plane of content of incentive modality in the public service announcement discourse is characterized by the predominance of the directive speech acts over the comissives. The suggestive speech acts (advice, warning, and instruction) and the appeals are widespread due to the execution by public service announcements functions of behavioral patterns creation and stimulation of recipient's participation in problem solving. The prescriptive speech acts are not widely spread, because their pragmatic presupposition assumes a subordinate position of the addressee towards the addresser that is unrealizable in conditions of public service announcements. The request is infrequent because of the dependent status of the message sender. The plane of expression incentive modality in the public service announcement discourse in the German and Russian languages is characterized by the high frequency of use of imperatives and declarative sentences which get seme of incentive in certain pragmatic conditions. As a result of the functional-semantic analysis of the incentive modality microfield in the public service announcement discourse in the German and Russian languages the authors draw a conclusion on the typological and intralinguistic features of the incentive expression.


This paper intends to present an unconventional approach to the classical theory of relative prices based on recent developments and current limitations. Using the work of Carlo Benetti, Christian Bidard y Edith Klimovsky (Bidard and Klimovsky, 2006) as a conceptual framework that generalizes the classical theory of production prices, this analysis provides explanations for both equilibrium and disequilibrium cases. Accordingly, this paper depicts the importance of this new theoretical model, its initial hypothesis, structure, main properties and proficiency for explaining economic dynamics.


A hybrid silicon/aluminum nitride waveguide on the silicon-on-insulator platform is proposed to achieve an efficient Brillouin optomechanical interaction. Both intra-optical-mode and inter-optical-mode Brillouin scattering can be achieved. The novel arrangement of symmetric electrodes provides out-of-plane electric fields for piezoelectric materials and the possibility of suspended waveguides and cavities. The piezomechanical interaction coupling strength and the Brillouin optomechanical interaction coupling strength are numerically calculated. The simulation results show that near-unity internal conversion efficiency from the microwave domain to the optical domain can be achieved. Relatively low microwave power can be used to produced up to 5 order sidebands acousto-optical modulation. The proposed scheme paves the way for efficient classical and quantum application in integrated silicon photonics.


Geothermal resources with temperatures between 250/sup 0/ and 360/sup 0/F (121/sup 0/C and 182/sup 0/C) are prime candidates for binary-cycle power generation, and constitute about 80% of the power-capable resources in the United States. The successful exploitation of these resources requires reliable high-capacity downwell brine production pumps, but earlier experience showed that high-capacity, high-temperature geothermal production pumps had many problems which resulted in a mean time-to-failure (MTTF) of less than 1000 h. However, steady progress has been made since 1981, and a large body of experience has been acquired by three geothermal binary plants. This survey of high-temperature geothermal downwell pump users and manufacturers updates a prior survey (AP-3572) completed in early 1983. This survey traces the development of lineshaft pump technology from the late 1970s to the present (mid-1987), detailing the advances in design, materials selection, and operating practices. Case histories of 72 lineshaft pumps installed at three geothermal binary plants since late 1981 are documented, including some detailed cause of failure reports. In the recent past, pump lives in excess of 7000 h have become common, but a high continuing rate of premature failures resulted in a mean time-to-failure (MTTF) of about 5000 h. Based on recent advancesmore » which appear likely to eliminate most premature failures, the estimated near-term MTTF will be on the order of 8000 h. The survey found almost no development of high-temperature geothermal electric submersible pumps (ESP's) or close-coupled downwell hydraulic turbopumps, and concluded that considerable development and demonstration will be needed before these technologies are able to compete with existing high-temperature geothermal lineshaft pump technology. 36 refs., 10 figs., 25 tabs.« less


A computer system has been developed to quantify the degree of atherosclerosis in the human femoral artery. The analysis involves first scanning and digitizing angiographic film, then tracking the outline of the arterial image and finally computing the relative amount of roughness or irregularity in the vessel wall. The image processing system and method are described.


I discuss and define seven types of Space Art. The most familiar type is the work of space illustrators. The work of these artists has been crucial in communicating the promise of space and creating a receptive public Artworks in space made to be viewed from earth or from space are of particular long term importance. In this type of art the artist is an active participant and not just an observer of space exploration. There has been strong objections by some space scientists to such types of space art. I argue that such artworks should be reviewed within the same constraints as all other space artifacts. Given that very few space artworks will be created because of the high cost, the regulatory framework should should not seek to prevent space art, but to encourage it. I review the few space art works that have been created to date, and some of the proposals for orbiting space structures visible to global audiences. I argue that the International Academy of Astronautics is uniquely well placed to take leadership in discussing technical aspects, space policy and social issues surrounding space art. The United Nations is the right forum for review of space art as a public art form. willing to pay for space exploration.


Bearing material property between general bearing steel and silicon nitride was compared, and the design and manufacturing method of silicon nitride beatings were introduced. Silicon nitride bearings can be used for spindles of machine tools and high-speed gas turbo-generators. Owing to the lower density of silicon nitride material, the dynamic load occurred on the contact area of balls and raceway is decreased, the fatigue life for rolling contact is increased.


PART Ⅰ- 1 Dispersion Polymerized Electrophoretic Particles for Electronic Paper = 8
 1. Introduction = 9
 2. 1 Experimental = 15
 2. 1. 1. Materials = 15
 2. 1. 2. Preparation of Electrophoretic particles = 15
 2. 1. 3. Characterization of modified par


This work developed a simple and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of three effective ingredients, atropine, scopolamine and anisodamine, in Flos daturae based on capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence detection. b-Cyclodextrin was used as an additive to the runningbuffer for obtainingthe absolute separation. The proposed method displayed the linear ranges from 0.2 to 100, 0.2 to 100 and 20 to 200 mM for anisodamine, atropine and scopolamine with correlation coefficients more than 0.99, respectively. This method showed the relative standard deviations less than 4% and 6% for detection of migration time and peak height, respectively, and was suitable for the determination of these tropane alkaloids in plants and valuable in clinical and biochemical laboratories for quality control.


Abstract This study explores the effect on trade balance of suppressing competition in the domestic non-tradable sector through the interaction between the short-run adjustment and the long-run adjustment in production process. Constructing a model that can capture a more short-run aspect than Yano (2001), this study demonstrates that the effect depends on the factor intensity ranking between the tradable sector and the non-tradable sector. In this model, a change in the price of the tradable good at time 0 plays an important role to explain this result.


Gravure roll coating with and without transfer to substrate has been studied experimentally over a wide range of operating conditions. Extensive data, which has not been presented elsewhere in such depth, is presented. A number of unexpected though interesting phenomena were observed. A simple design correlation relating the transferred film thickness to the gravure geometry is also presented.


Microlaryngeal surgery (MLS) presents ergonomic challenges to surgeons and potential risks for developing musculoskeletal symptoms (MSSx). This study describes prevalence and risk factors of MLS‐associated MSSx.


Angular distributions of photoelectrons, produced by single ionization of ethylene or benzene molecules with an intense linearly polarized laser field, are calculated. The anisotropy and the yield of the photoelectrons depend strongly on the orientation between the molecular geometry and the field. In particular, electron emission in nodal planes is suppressed. The orientational dependence, also found in the total ionization rate, is a consequence of the symmetry of the highest occupied molecular orbital.


Dr. O'FARRELL said it was very uncommon to find a patient with pernicious anaemia with free hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice, but he felt very strongly that this case was one of pernicious anaemia. Referring to megaloblasts, he said that they were very seldom seen, except in bad cases. In the present instance he would not lay much stress on the absence of megaloblasts, because the patient's anaemia was never low enough to show them. He was of opinion that their presence was notsufficient to establish absolutely the diagnosis of pernicious anaemia. The PRESIDENT said that cases of pernicious anaemia without achlorhydria were very rare, and it was important that they should be put on record. He referred to a recently reported case in which hydrochloric acid was present and in which the diagnosis of pernicious anaemia had been made ; it turned out to be a case of duodenal ulcer. He asked whether the Price-Jones curve gave a more correct result than that which was obtained from a colour index. Dr. V. M. SYNGE suggested that pernicious anaemia was not a definite disease. He frequently came across borderline cases which, though in many ways like pernicious anaemia, did not exhibit the complete picture of that disease, and improved under liver treatment more than did other cases of anaemia. Dr. W. R. COLLIS said he had at present under his care a patient-exactly the opposite of Professor Moore's-with microcytic anaemia and achlorhydria. The administration of iron had no effect at all ; he was now giving vitamin C in the form of a glass of orange juice three times a day. Dr. G. T. O'BRIEN referred to a case of a woman, aged 38, suffering from pernicious anaemia. A test meal a week after admnission gave a high gastric curve, and demonstrated the presence of free hydrochloric acid in the stomach. She was treated by hepatex, and improved rapidly. Nucleated red cells were found in the first, but not in subsequent, blood counts. Tests of faeces for occult blood were negative. In Dr. GEOFFREY THOMPSON'S opinion the question was, What was pernicious anaemia? He thought that it should be regarded not as a definite disease, but as a syndrome characterized by certain points-namely, anaemia, increase in the size of the red cells, active destruction of the red cells in the body, and achlorhydria. Pernicious anaemia was not a disease which ran a regular course, but one which ran through a stage of improvement and then of falling back again, and it was only when the disease was in the stage of active haemolysis that any reaction from liver treatment could be obtained. Professor MOORE, replying, referred to the large number of pitfalls in cases of achlorhydria. He thought that undoubtedly there were borderline cases, but he himself had never come across one. He never gave iron by injection, --i, he had found he got much better results when he gave it by mouth.


Transdermal drug delivery systems with high barrier holder for holding a microprotrusion member for destroying the body surface to the individual. Holder is made of a readily sterilizable, high barrier materials, such as by heat (such as metal), it is used to maintain order not placed in pollution, and the environment of the microprojection member it can. .FIELD 1


We have developed various novel plastic pigments. They are especially for coated paper and paper board. The coated paper and paper board containing plastic pigment instead of inorganic pigment have high gloss, brightness and opacity.In this report, characteristic of binder-type and hollow sphere plastic pigments which have lately been attracted considerable attention will be discussed.Binder-pigment type latex has dual functions of a pigment and a binder. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the amount of the conventional binder latex. It is able to used for high grade coated paper and paper board. Nobel hollow sphere plastic pigment which is prepared by alkali/acid treatments of carboxylated polymer particles has high opacity and sheet gloss of coatings.It's smaller specific gravity leads to lighter weight coated paper.


Design of real-time systems needs to take into account their performance behaviour before their implementation. This goal can be attained by means of queueing network modelling. To process this kind of models normally simulation is used with its inherent costs of debugging and running times. This paper presents the analysis and comparison of analytic (simple queues, decomposition aggregation) and simulation performance models of some basic software elements used in the construction of real-time systems.<<ETX>>


Pirt's theory in which microbial growth in a packed column is considered to be limited by diffusion of nutrient is modified and extended to include a consideration of two species systems. Equations are derived to describe the fate of a substrate when the substrate itself is limiting microbial growth and when oxygen is limiting. In the latter case reactions obey zero order kinetics while in the substrate limited process 'half-order' kinetics occur. Theoretical considerations imply that limitation of microbial growth by surface area availability is unlikely. The limited experimental data available supports this conclusion but when the same data is applied to the theory of the active layer the results are inconclusive. Even if correct, the theory is not likely to be important in effluent purification.


Amodel of phase separation of chemically reactive ternary mixtures is constructed. In this model, spatially periodic structures which coherently propagate at aconstant speed emerges through a Hopf bifurcation at afinite wavenumber. It is shown by computer simulations that both lamellar and hexagonal structures undergo acoherent propagating motion in two dimensions and there are two types of traveling hexagons depending on the relative direction between the traveling velocity and the lattice vectors of the hexagonal structure. Amplitude equations for the traveling waves are derived and the stability of the traveling and standing waves are discussed.


For each $N$ an infinite number of Conformal Field Theories is presented that has the same fusion rules as SO(N) level 2. These new theories are obtained as extensions of the chiral algebra of $SO(NM^2)$ level 2, and correspond to new modular invariant partition functions of these theories.


he paper presents a three-phase rectifier with sinusoidal source current which enables energy to be fed back to the AC supply network. It has been used in a flywheel energy storage system. The principle of operation and control methods of the three-phase rectifier are discussed. The experimental setup employing a DSP controller co-operating with CPLD device is described. Results of experimental investigation for both the steady and transient states are presented in the concluding section.


The analytical method used for pesticide determination comprises the solvent eduction, identification and quantification operations. A study was carried out for four years to quantify doses of organophosphorus, organoclorined and carbamate pesticides in single or mixture spraying solutions on orange, bergamot, citron, lemon, clementine, mandarin and grapefruit citrus trees. The extracted pesticides were analysed by GC/NS MD 800 Fisons instrument.


Concrete incorporates large amount of natural resource as aggregates with cement and water. Cement production consumes huge energy and causes about 7% of total greenhouse gas emission in the world. It has been strived to provide better quality in concrete using waste by-products from industries so that natural resources are used in an efficient manner and thereby the environment is protected from waste deposits. Hence, mineral admixtures like fly ash and micro silica can be used to overcome these issues. The demand for river sand is getting increased day by day, which affects its constant supply. Under these circumstances use of quarry dust becomes inevitable. The usage of fly ash in the concrete leads to strength gain only at later stages. In order to obtain strength during the early stage, micro silica is added as a partial replacement of cement. The properties of fly ash, micro silica and quarry dust were studied. Fly ash (0-40%) and micro silica (0-15%) are used as a partial replacement for cement and quarry dust (50%) as that for river sand by mass. Mechanical properties of the concrete containing hybrid mineral admixtures and quarry dust are studied systematically.


Electron impact induced alkyl and aryl rearrangements in substituted cyclohexenones, bicyclic ketones and deuterium labeled analogs from mass spectra measurements


Background: The most common form of congenital heart disease in childhood is the ventricular septal defect (VSD), occurring in 50% of all children with congenital heart disease and in 20% as an isolated lesion. The size of the VSD, the pressure in the right and left ventricular chambers, and the pulmonary resistance are factors that influence the hemodynamic significance of VSDs. Left-to-right shunting in VSDs generally increases pulmonary arterial blood flow and pulmonary venous return to the left heart. These pathophysiologic sequels may result in volume overload of the left atrium and left ventricle, and subsequent left ventricular enlargement, mitral annular dilation, mitral regurgitation, and consequent left atrial enlargement to allow for the homeostatic balance of left atrial pressure. Aim: The aim of the work is to assess the extent of improvement of LV dimensions after surgical closure of VSD. Methods: This prospective non controlled study was conducted on 30 children with isolated congenital ventricular septal defect after the surgical closure of VSD. All patients were brought for follow up visits where transthoracic echocardiography repeated immediately after surgery and at 3 and 6 months postoperative for assessment of adequacy of VSD closure, improvement of left sided dimensions and residual mitral regurge. Results: The current study showed that mean age of studied patients was 22.9 +/-29 months. About 17 were females, and 13 were males. Sixty eight percent had perimembranous VSD, 13% had muscular VSD, 10% had inlet VSD and 10% had outlet VSD. Eighty percent of our patients had no MR, 13% had mild MR, 7% had moderate MR. There was significant increase in ejection fraction in postoperative follow-up echocardiography. There was significant progressive reduction in left ventricular end diastolic diameter and end systolic diameter in 3 and 6 months follow up echo studies. Degree of mitral regurgitation did not significantly decreased postsurgery. Conclusion: Surgical closure of VSD in infancy results in improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction and reduction of left ventricular dimensions.


${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}\mathrm{Ru}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ with a honeycomb structure undergoes a drastic transition from a regular honeycomb lattice with the $C2/m$ space group to a valence-bond solid state of the $P{2}_{1}/m$ space group with an extremely strong dimerization at 550 K. We synthesized ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ with a full solid solution and investigated doping effects on the valence-bond solid state as a function of Mn content. The valence-bond solid state is found to be stable up to $x=0.2$, based on our extensive experiments: structural studies, resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility. On the other hand, the extended x-ray absorption fine-structure analyses show that the dimer local structure remains robust even above $x=0.2$ with a minimal effect on the dimer bond length. This indicates that the locally disordered dimer structure survives well into the Mn-rich phase even though the thermodynamically stable average structure has the $C2/m$ space group. Our results prove that the dimer formation in ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}\mathrm{Ru}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is predominantly a local phenomenon driven by the formation of orbitally assisted metal-metal bonds and that these dimers are relatively robust against doping-induced disorder.


IoT (Internet of Things) is a system of interrelated devices or internetworking of physical devices, vehicles, building etc. It also refers to an autonomous task processing system where information are obtained from things like sensor and process the information over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. IoT stands on 3 basic component called hardware, software and network. This study proposed a method of composing a server to implement a smart clothing network which comes under IoT. Here we used freeware processing program to suggest a simple method to implement Wi-Fi communication between a smart phone and a server and a serial communication with sensors. As a result, configuration of server was simplified and enabled a seamless communication between a smart phone and a sensor.


On 18 December 2014 the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) delivered Opinion 2/13 and stunned the legal world by declaring that the Draft Agreement on the Accession of the EU to the European Convention on Human Rights (the Accession Agreement) was incompatible with the constituent treaties of the Union. Although some experts, admittedly, had been skeptical about certain aspects of Draft Accession Agreement, no one seems to have expected an opinion so critical and uncompromising. The opinion has consequently received widespread disapproval in the EU legal blogosphere.


Objective:To explore the in vitro antimicrobial potential of Holigarna arnottiana(H.arnottiana)against human and shrimp pathogenic bacteria and use GC-MS analysis to elucidate its antimicrobial principles.Methods:In the present study,organic extract of H.arnottiana was examined for in vitro antimicrobial potency against five clinical human pathogens,seven species of human type culture pathogens,six pathogenic Vibrio strains isolated from moribund tiger shrimp(Penaeus monodon)and seven type cultures(Microbial Type Culture Collection,MTCC)of prominent shrimp pathogens.Results:The extraction of H.arnottiana with ethyl acetate yielded bioactive crude extract that efficiently repressed the growth of all tested pathogens.Among the pathogens tested,shrimp pathogens were the most susceptible organisms while clinical pathogens were found to be a little resistant.The chemical constituents of the H.arnottiana were analysed by GC-MS which revealed the presence of major compounds such as 3,7.1 l,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-l-ol(42.1%),l-lodo-2-methylundecane(34.4%)and squalene(11.1%)which might have a functional role in the chemical defence against microbial invasion.Conclusions:Based on the finding it could be inferred that H.arnottiana would be a reliable source for developing shrimp and human bio-therapeutics in future.


Dear Editor, Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare relapsing inflammatory disorder predominantly affecting the metaphyses of long bones, sternum, mandible, scapula and pelvis, either simultaneously or successively. Spinal involvement, especially of the cervical spine is rare. We present an unusual case of a child who was referred to us with a unique constellation of symptoms and signs, causing significant disability. A 14-year-old girl was referred by her general practitioner to the tertiary pediatric rheumatology team, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, UK, with suspected spondyloarthropathy. She had a 4-year history of onand-off backache associated with significant early morning stiffness. She also complained of progressive pain and stiffness of her neck, with restricted range of movement, causing substantial disability. She had recently developed hip, ankle and elbow pain. On further questioning, she recalled one previous episode of clavicular swelling. There was no history of psoriasis, acne or skin pustules. She was given numerous courses of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the past, with no relief. On examination she had an antalgic gait, restricted hip movements, sacroiliac joint tenderness, and tenderness and severely restricted movements of her cervical spine. There were no tender or swollen joints. Her complete blood counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were normal. Serum biochemistry was within normal limits. Rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 were negative. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of sacroiliac joints showed no evidence of sacroilitis. MRI of the spine was performed, which disclosed collapse at multiple cervical and thoracic vertebrae with high signal, suggestive of osteomyelitis (Fig. 1). Biopsy from the thoracic vertebral trabecular bone was performed, which revealed that the inter-trabecular space of the marrow was replaced by loosely textured fibrosis, with excess plasma cells. This was suggestive of CRMO. Cultures were sterile for bacteria and tuberculosis. Four months later, she developed clavicular pain and swelling. Chest radiographs showed sclerosis and expansion of the medial two-thirds of her clavicles. We then proceeded to a whole-body MRI to detect other sites of asymptomatic involvement by CRMO. This showed multiple areas of high-signal lesions involving distal femur, tibial metaphyses and epiphyses, distal fibulae, bilateral sacral alae, distal right radius, bilateral medial clavicles and collapse of multiple cervical and thoracic vertebral bodies (Fig. 2). She was treated with NSAIDs, with little relief, and was subsequently commenced on pamidronate infusions, 1 mg/kg given for 3 days, every 3 months for


There is an urgent need for credible and comprehensive evaluation of maternity services as many units launch new schemes of care in response to the principles outlined in Changing Child birth. Drawing on lessons from the Wistow Project, the author shares some dilemmas and some solutions in the planning of such an evaluation.


SMA490BW steel was rectified with different flame rectification parameters, and then the influences of different flame treat parameters on the strength, elongation, impact toughness and fatigue properties were analyzed. The results show that the appropriate rectifying temperature is 750-950℃ when SMA490BW steel is cooled by air. When SMA490BW steel is cooled by water, the appropriate rectifying temperature is 750-850℃. Compared with the fatigue limit of parent material, the fatigue limit of SMA490BW steel improves a little by unannealing, annealing after flame rectification respectively and the flame rectifying treatment with flame after annealing.


This is a study of attitudes to and the use of competency based training in small firms within the UK glass training industry. It seeks to draw out the strategic issues for both providers and users of training services by providing recommendations for management action to maximise the benefits of such training


In Photovoltaic, many semiconductors materials are used. These materials possess different optical, electrical and mechanical properties. However, the present technologies used in the solar cell manufacture, depend essentially for the material and impose an elevated price. Therefore, the choice of the material is very important and should be developed very finely. In this paper, we first present the theory of some important photovoltaic materials, than secondly, we developed a statistical (...)


This study explored dimensions of adult reading motivation and collected reliability and validity information for a measure that assesses individual differences in adult reading motivation. Reading engagement theory provided the basis for an initial pool of items. A factor analysis showed that four dimensions, (a) reading as part of the self, (b) reading efficacy, (c) reading for recognition, and (d) reading to do well in other realms, accounted for a substantial amount of the variance in reading motivation. An overall reading motivation scale of 21 items with subscales representing the four dimensions was created using items with high factor loadings. The internal consistency of the total reading motivation scale was good and the internal consistencies of the subscales were reasonable. The total scale and subscales predicted reading enjoyment and time spent reading. A better understanding of adult reading motivation may aid those who support adult readers.


The intrinsic bistability of double-barrier heterostructures has been analyzed by using the nonequi- librium Keldysh formalism. In this approach, the induced electron charge in the well is calculated as a function of the applied bias and the electrostatic potential induced in the heterostructure. Self-consistency is achieved by relating this induced potential to the electron charge. Detailed results for different AlAs/GaAs/AlAs double barriers have been analyzed and show good agreement with the experimental results. A bistability behavior is found for high dopings.


Sinopoli et al. (TAC, 2004) considered the problem of optimal estimation for linear systems with Gaussian noise and intermittent observations, available according to a Bernoulli arrival process. They showed that there is a "critical" arrival probability of the observations, such that under that threshold the expected value of the covariance matrix (i.e., the quadratic error) of the estimate is unbounded. Sinopoli et al., and successive authors, interpreted this result implying that the behavior of the system is qualitatively different above and below the threshold. This paper shows that this is not necessarily the only interpretation. In fact, the critical probability is different if one considers the average error instead of the average quadratic error. More generally, finding a meaningful "average" covariance is not as simple as taking the algebraic expected value. A rigorous way to frame the problem is in a differential geometric framework, by recognizing that the set of covariance matrices (or better, the manifold of Gaussian distributions) is not a flat space, and then studying the intrinsic Riemannian mean. Several metrics on this manifold are considered that lead to different critical probabilities, or no critical probability at all.


The Endurance training is characterized by its implementation in an aerobic zone, in other words, dependent on oxygen, is intended to promote the cardiovascular system and it is energetically sustained by the metabolism of fatty acids and carbohydrate. Along the execution occurs release of cortisol, that is a catabolic hormone released in situations of "stress". The action of cortisol in the body is one of the interference observed after several analyzed studies in this review, other factors were cited as depletion of substrates, mechanical failures and interference in fibers muscle adaptation. Several presented studies identify the interference in strength increase and hypertrophy of the skeletal muscle. Some relate to this interference the intensity, the week sections quantity, protocols and level of the practitioner conditioning. Other show results no comparatives evidence of interference, especially if performed on alternate days, different muscle groups, also cite the type of training of Endurance (race, cycle or rowing) as being essential to occur or not interference. Therefore we may conclude that most studies agree with the interference in both strength increase, as muscle hypertrophy that the training of Endurance bring out, and the metabolic and hormonal conditions are determinants for such interference.


Stable marriages have long provided emotional well-being and economic stability to couples and children. However, in the west there has been a continued, gradual decrease in marriage rates and since the 1970s an increase in divorce rates; these changes have been coupled with increases in nonmarital cohabitation and nonmarital childbearing, higher typical age at first marriage, and same-sex marriages, which have together resulted in a phenomenon referred to as the "retreat from marriage." Other changes reflected in the "retreat" include changes in the division of labor in marriages, and acceptance of "no-fault" divorce laws. The retreat from marriage has a different effect on black women than on any other racial or gender grouping in the United States. More observations are needed to determine whether the retreat from marriage has ended and the rate of marriage stabilized or whether future changes in societies will negatively affect marriage rates.

Keywords:

African American;
cohabitation;
divorce;
gender;
nonmarital birth


Objective To critically and comprehensively summarize and analyze the present situation and problems in the health care reform which commenced in 2009.And this article will focus on the performance of health services in rural China.Methods All literature on basic public health services research in rural China published from January 2009 to November 2013 were searched in the following databases:CBM,VIP,CNKI and WanFang Data.The qualitative synthesis method was used to analyze the studies.Results Among total 85 included studies,55 were cross-sectional.Health management in patients with hypertension was highly concerned.ConclusionsThere are biased inputs between basic public health researches currently,meanwhile,there is a lack of synthetic research and research design with high quality.This article suggests the research teams should strengthen the exchanges of horizontal study in future research,including making full use of the resources of colleges and universities,and analyse accurately the development trend of rural basic public health from a higher perspective so as to provide more objective and accurate information for the policy-makers of basic public health services in rural areas.


This paper tries to clear the confusion in the literature about the potential of environmental tax reforms to yield a double dividend. In opposition to a number of recent papers it is found that the possibility for a double dividend depends largely on the substitutabllity characteristics of taxed commodities and not on the uncompensated elasticities. It is found that a double dividend is possible, if the following conditions are met. First, the initial tax system has to be inefficient from a non-environmental point of view. Second, it is possible to raise the tax on the externality creating commodity and in exchange to reduce the tax on a commodity that is a gross substitute for the externality creating commodity. Third, under the existing distortionary tax system the commodity whose tax is reduced is relatively difficult to substitute through other taxed commodities and hence, easier to substitute through the untaxed numeraire.


The innovation of teaching evaluation provides a strong guidance for the innovation of teaching concepts,methods and contents.In the teaching evaluation,the forms and contents of the test paper are reformed on the basis of teaching objectives and contents of dental materials course.It can make students broaden their scope of knowledge,fully use their imagination,and put forward their own views,thus cultivating medical students' innovation consciousness.


Objective: To study the current situation of methadone maintenance treatment( MMT) and analyze the problems exiting in MMT,so as to provide scientific basis for making development programs.Methods: The process of MMT clinics was investigated by questionnaire surveys and reviewing the information system of HIV / AIDS comprehensive prevention and control.Results: By the end of June 2012,there had been 18 MMT clinics in Fujian province,7980 patients had been enrolled in 18 clinics in total,and 2438 patients continued doing treatment. The average dosage was 50. 0 mg per day,and urine test positive rate was 24. 7%. There were 42. 5% medical staff left,and 13 clinics of which the numbers of staff did not meet the national requirement. In addition,12 clinics lost money. Conclusion: The rate of patient dropping out was high,and the operation funding of clinic was not enough. Also, the problem of staff instability was serious,family and community participation was not active. It is necessary to reduce the rate of patient dropping out,increase the funding,perfect the multi- sectorial cooperation mechanism,and strengthen comprehensive intervention and family / community education in next step.


Antibodies targeting "immune checkpoints" have revolutionized cancer therapy by reactivating tumor-resident cytotoxic lymphocytes, primarily CD8+ T cells. Interest in targeting analogous pathways in other cytotoxic lymphocytes is growing. Natural killer (NK) cells are key to cancer immunosurveillance by eradicating metastases and driving solid tumor inflammation. NK cell anti-tumor function is dependent on the cytokine interleukin (IL)-15. Ablation of the IL-15 signaling inhibitor CIS (Cish) enhances NK cell anti-tumor immunity by increasing NK cell metabolism and persistence within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME has also been shown to impair NK cell fitness via the production of immunosuppressive TGF-β, a suppression which occurs even in the presence of high IL-15 signaling. Here, we identified an unexpected interaction between CIS and the TGF-β signaling pathway in NK cells. Independently, Cish- and Tgfbr2-deficient NK cells are both hyper-responsive to IL-15 and hypo-responsive to TGF-β, with dramatically enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Remarkably, when both these immunosuppressive genes are simultaneously deleted in NK cells, mice are largely resistant to tumor development, suggesting that combining suppression of these two pathways might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance innate anti-cancer immunity.


Abstract Vehicle speed has been identified as a key factor in road traffic accidents, which affects the risk of traffic accidents and the severity of the victim. Vehicle speed contributes to accidents when the vehicle speed is higher than the permitted speed limit or higher than that of a certain condition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between speed and severity of the victim of traffic accident using the Power and Depkimpraswil Models. The results indicate that the Power Model gives a greater influence at speeds higher than 90 km / hour. Keywords: vehicle speed, traffic accidents, accident risk, victims of accidents. Abstrak Kecepatan kendaraan telah diidentifikasi sebagai faktor kunci dalam kecelakaan lalulintas jalan, yang mempengaruhi risiko kecelakaan lalulintas dan tingkat keparahan korban. Kecepatan kendaraan memberikan kontribusi untuk kecelakaan ketika kecepatan kendaraan tersebut lebih tinggi dari batas kecepatan yang diizinkan atau lebih tinggi dari suatu kecepatan untuk yang memungkinkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara kecepatan dan tingkat keparahan korban kecelakaan lalulintas menggunakan Model Power dan Model Depkimpraswil. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Model Power memberikan pengaruh yang lebih besar pada kecepatan yang lebih tinggi dari 90 km/jam. Kata-Kata kunci: kecepatan kendaraan, kecelakaan lalulintas, risiko kecelakaan, korban kecelakaan.


Areca nut is consumed extensively throughout the world with significant public health and oral implications. This habit is more prevalent amid communities belonging to India and the South-East Asia region (SEAR). In the past few decades, surveys have reported that consuming areca nut has increased among population and a high proportion of school children use areca-nut daily in some form. Low cost, easy availability, advertising, role modeling, social acceptance and perception of areca nut as harmless is what contributes to its use. Areca nut users are at high risk of oral submucous fibrosis, a debilitating and potentially malignant condition and also suffer adverse health outcomes. Though industrially made areca nut products have been banned in all states and union territories of India, but it is still widely available. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control provides evidence-based policies for reducing tobacco use, but no global policy exists for the control of areca nut use. Associative research is needed to sermon this nugatory global public health emergency and to mobilize efforts to control areca nut use. In addition, possible prevention and cessation programs for areca nut users, effective actions to increase awareness regarding health risks among general public and to minimize its use both at personal and government levels should be undertaken.


AbstractVarious 7-azaoxindoles mono- and disubstituted at 3-position were prepared via alkylidenation or alkylation of 1-methyl-1,3-dihydropyrrolo-[2,3b]pyridin-2-one derivatives by commercially available reagents.


Thin films of Sn-Sb-Se-Te (8 ≤ x ≤ 14) chalcogenide system were prepared by thermal evaporation technique using melt quenched bulk samples. The as-prepared thin films were found amorphous as evidenced from X-ray diffraction studies. Resistivity measurement showed an exponential decrease with temperature upto critical temperature (transition temperature) beyond which a sharp decrease was observed and with further increase in temperature showed an exponential decrease in resistivity with different activation energy. The transition temperature showed a decreasing trend with tellurium content in the sample. The resistivity measurement during cooling run showed no abrupt change in resistivity. The resistivity measurements of annealed films did not show any abrupt change revealing the structural transformation occurring in the material. The transition width showed an increase with tellurium content in the sample. The resistivity ratio showed two order of magnitude improvements for sample with higher tellurium c...


The complex business structure of corporate groups has many legislative challenges. One such issue is the operation of avoidance provisions in the bankruptcy context. The paper investigates this matter focusing on the recent recommendations made by UNCITRAL in this area. The paper unearths the underlying principles of the new proposals against the backdrop of the "entity law" versus "enterprise law" debate (regarding groups regulation) and the general goals of bankruptcy laws, as well as considers the extent to which these proposals are desirable. The paper also discusses the relationship between avoidance provisions and other solutions for the bankruptcy of groups and the problems which arise where multiple jurisdictions are affected by voidable transactions.


Some problems in the field of NC technology teaching still exist, causing students' lack of practical ability.According to objectives and position of the numerical control processing professionals training,this paper elaborated the important function of general training in the NC professional technical training.


This research sets out to discover the issues faced by students from minority ethnic groups in writing classes. This research based on the premiss of qualitative research with thick description, questionnaire, interviews, and by employing Voyant Tools concerning about the vocabulary proficiency in writing skills of minority ethnic groups students.  By employing Voyant Tools that mainly focuses on vocabulary density and average words per sentence, the researcher able to investigate the students of minority ethnic groups' vocabulary proficiency. Next, after found out the result taken from Voyant Tools the researcher compares the result to their counterparts, the students of majority ethnic groups in the university. Afterwards, the researcher discovered the learning method in vocabulary proficiency in writing of students from minority ethnic groups before entering college, their methods to cope with issues found in vocabulary proficiency in writing. By accentuating the valued found in their learning method before college, and the way the students overcome their issues in vocabulary proficiency in writing skills during college, the researcher employed Thick Description to emphasis on the response of the students from minority ethnic groups. The response from this group of students assisted the researcher to make conception regarding the vocabulary issues in writing. The results revealed that students from minority ethnic groups were having lack of supporting sources of knowledge in their home-city and from their current host university; ironically the researcher also discovered that another hindering aspect is verbal abuse towards their ethnicity. In addition, although this research primarily focused on the issues found in writing skills among the students from minority ethnic groups, this research also emphasised on the importance social policy to ensure equality education among students regardless their ethnicity origins.


tional style, it is filled with stories of healthcare professionals, and throughout each chapter questions for reflection are provided. Those reading the book with a group will find the questions to be helpful guides for group discussion. The "reflections" may also be used to guide personal considerations. Carson and Koenig have written extensively in this field and referenced their previous work frequently. They build on their previous work in ways that appear to expand basic insights to a more diversified healthcare readership. The identified reader audience, and the one which the book addresses through the reflection questions and narrative anecdotal comments, is those who are working in the healthcare systems of physicians, nurses, social workers, chaplains, healthcare educators, administrators, and others. The breadth of the perspective will allow each to find himself or herself within its pages. Conversely, the book lacks depth of theological reflection and in-depth articulation of the interface of theological/psychological/practice concerns that one would expect of professionals in the field of pastoral care and counseling. This being said, professionals in the broad domain of healthcare ministry may find Spiritual Caregiving a useful reference. It offers an introductory resource for those who feel challenged by the desire to integrate spirituality into their life and work as healthcare professionals.


A study on page
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 proposes that the prefrontal cortex has a hierarchical organization built around a set of nested general functions.


Lower sulfur concentration of steel is required because demand for improvement of steel properties is increasing. Therefore, improving efficiency of dephosphorization or desulfurization treatment is one of the most important problems in the refining process. Desulfurization treatment for low sulfur steel is often operated in secondary refining processes, such as RH or LF, and powder blast is often carried out in RH process. In this process, refining reagent particles are blasted onto surface of molten steel in the vacuum vessel. These particles penetrate and are dispersed into the molten steel. Then, these particles transfer from down-leg to ladle and float in the ladle. After that, most of the particles are absorbed by ladle slag. It is considered that effective penetration and dispersion of refining reagent particles are important because surface tension of molten steel is large and difference of density between molten steel and refining reagent particles is also large. Many researches related to penetration behavior of particle can be classified into two broad groups. One includes experiments using fine powder, while the other involves experiments using a single particle of relatively large diameter. The main purpose of the former group is clarifyEffect of Particle Velocity on Penetration and Flotation Behavior


The average person possesses superficial understanding of complex causal relations and, consequently, tends to overestimate the quality and depth of their explanatory knowledge. In this study, we examined the role of this illusion of explanatory depth (IOED) in politics — inflated confidence in one's causal understanding of political phenomena — for endorsement of conspiracy beliefs. Utilizing a pre-/post-election panel design and a large sample of U.S. Citizens ( N = 394) recruited in the context of the 2016 presidential election, we provide evidence that political IOED, but not a non-political IOED, was associated with increased support for general and elec-tion-specific conspiracy beliefs, particularly among political novices and supporters of the losing candidate. We find this pattern of results net the influence of a broad range of variables known to covary with conspiracy beliefs. Implications for theory and the need for future research are discussed.


Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that mediates the reward value of food. Methylphenidate (MPH) selectively binds and inhibits the dopamine transporter, thus increasing brain dopamine levels shortly after oral administration. This investigation studied whether a single dose of MPH decreases energy intake (EI) in obese teenagers compared to placebo (P).