Demand for high quality oat (Avena sativa L.) for consumption by humans and race horses has increased, leading to increased oat production on the Canadian prairies. Little information exists on the best management practices for producing high-quality, high-yielding oat using direct seeding systems and cropping practices developed and adopted over the past 15 yr. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of early seeding on grain yield and quality of oat cultivars currently grown in the eastern prairie region. Four seeding dates and four cultivars were tested at Indian Head, Melfort, and Brandon over 3 yr. Moving the seeding date from mid-June to early May increased oat yield, seeds per panicle, kernel weight, test weight and plump seed by 76, 33, 10, 13 and 11%, respectively, when averaged across all locations and years. This increase in yield and quality was probably due to improved environmental conditions and a reduction in crown rust infection (Puccina coronata Corda). Crown rust has a l...


Sanskrit is known as the language of knowledge (Jñyānabhāṣā). Thus various shades of scientific knowledge are spread in the literature. This is the need of the 21st century to have interdisciplinary study. This paper is an attempt to find the root of plant physiology through Sanskrit literature. 'Do the plants have the sense organs like human beings' is the basic question regarding the plants. Author has tried to find the roots from Sanskrit literature and its modern significance.


Objective:To describe the clinical and pathological features of a rare type of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis(RPGN) characterized as IgA deposit predominantly along glomerular basement membranes.Methods:A case with RPGN characterized as IgA deposit predominantly along glomerular basement membranes was described.The clinical and pathological features,as well as its response to treatment were analyzed.Results:The patient manifested clinically as RPGN without pulmonary hemorrhage and vasculitis related systematic symptoms.No positive results were found among ANAs,ANCAs and anti-GBM antibodies detection.Light microscopic evaluation showed circumferential crescents in more than 50 percent of the glomeruli.No vasculitis related changes were found.Direct immunofluorescence of frozen and paraffin specimens showed finely granular staining for deposits of IgA along the glomerular basement membranes.Circulating IgA anti-GBM antibodies were negative by indirect immunofluorescence detection.Electron microscopic examination showed segmental electron-dense deposits in subepithelial area and in the glomerular basement membrane.There were occasional small mesangial electron-dense deposits.Therapy with pulse methylprednisolone and intravenous cyclophosphamide was less effective.Conclusion:This case is a rare type of RPGN,which attribute hardly to the present RPGN classification.Its clinical characteristics should be noticed.


Background and objectives: Tuberculosis continues to be an important public health problem in India and globally. Extra pulmonary mycobacterial infections are more often smear negative than pulmonary cases which makes the diagnosis difficult. With this in background, this study aimed at the isolation of Mycobacteria from clinical specimens of patients suspected of extra pulmonary tuberculosis using BACTEC Micro MGIT, Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) media and Direct acid fast bacilli smear examination. Methods- A total of 200 samples were processed for direct AFB smear examination, and culture on M960 and LJ media. Acid fast staining of the specimens was done using the Ziehl-Neelsen method. Results and Interpreation - Of the 24 positive specimens, the highest rate of Mycobacterial recovery was by MGIT (91.6%) as compared to LJ media (58.3%).From smear negative samples LJ and MGIT media detected 6.06 % and 10.10 % isolates respectively. For smear-positive specimens, the mean turnaround time was 8 days by MGIT whereas on LJ medium, it was 36 days. For smear-negative specimens, the same was 18 days for MGIT and 40 days for LJ medium. Conclusion-The MGIT system is a good system for, especially in the diagnosis of extra pulmonary samples. The MGIT system was found to be more sensitive in detecting mycobacterium in smearnegative samples. The MGIT system detected mycobacterium significantly earlier than the LJ medium.


Social theory to a great extent is older than sociology itself. It can be found in the Old Testament, Hindu's Vedas and Chinese literature. Even social theories of modern social science orientation can be traced back 2400 years to ancient Athens. They were used as a means of visualising the social universe in order to obtain practical knowledge about it. (Caplow 1971: 156). However, modern sociology, as a science of society, emerged only after the extension of scientific method into the social world. This happened in early nineteenth century when systematic efforts were made to evolve a science of society as a distinct perspective from philosophy, history, politics, economy and other social sciences. (Cotgrove 1967:32). However, efforts at establishing a separate identity for the science of society involved formulation of various theories about the nature of social system and the methods of their study. Sociologists in pursue of this, formulated different theories from which three are the most popular. Therefore, this paper deals with the three major sociological theories namely, Structure Functionalism, Symbolic Interactionism and Conflict Theory.Structural FunctionalismCharon (1992) views Structural Functionalism as a sociological theory that depicts society as a social system consisting of various structures, organizations and institutions, influencing each other and affecting the whole system. It focuses on the function of the institutions and their contribution to the continuity of the social system.Although some historians trace functionalism to Montestquieu (Cohen 1968:34 ) its roots can be traced to works of Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) an English sociologist, Wilfredo Pareto, (1848-1923) an Italian sociologist and Emile Durkheim (1855-1917) French sociologist (Joel 1991). Furthermore, some insights to functionalism can be drawn from August Comte's (1798-1857) concept of social static, a study of the coexistence of social phenomenon, based on the assumption of the interrelatedness of institutions, belief and morals of the society. He proposed this as one part of sociological inquiry in which the existence of each item in the whole is explained by the law that prescribe its manner of coexistence with other (Cohen 1968).Herbert Spencer suggested a structural analysis of society by drawing functional analogy between society and an organism. According to him, society like organism displays different levels of structural complexity, which can be measured in terms of different component elements of its structures. Thus, a structure composed of identical elements would more or less be self-sufficient. But composition of the structure from unlike elements needs a greater degree of interdependence. Therefore, the degree of the integration of the whole depends on the extent of the difference that exists between the individual structural elements. In other words, the existence of more difference between the structural elements brings about greater integration in the whole and enables it to survive by reducing its internal disharmony. Thus, Spencer contributed something new to functionalism by analysing the different levels of complexity of society in terms of structural component and their contribution to functioning of the whole.Structural Functionalism, as Percy observed, is more indebted to Emile Durkheim than Spencer. Even though, like Spencer, he was influenced by biological thinking in his early stage of writings, yet he was able to identify some of the loopholes in its explanation (Cohen 1968: 35-36). By doing so he made the theory more attractive and useful to social anthropologists as well as sociologists in general.Durkheim analysed division of labour, in terms of its cause and function hence, holding integration or reintegration of society as its function and moral density as its cause. He attributed the breakdown of the constraints built into simple society to pressure caused by growth of population and the broad scope of interaction. …


In this paper a geometrical interpretation is given to the divergenceless equations particularly to the magnetic field lines in confined plasmas. By using the geometrical concepts they are formulated in Hamiltonian and Nambu formalisms. By writing these equations in the language of the geometrical objects and by using the geometrical concepts we could simplify the formalization. As Hamiltonian formalization has advantage of using the mechanical tools, the geometrizing simplifies the calculation and the formalization and it reveals several deep insights.


The invention provides an aluminum oxide modified polymer electrolyte thin film and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises: mixing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) polymer with aluminum-iso-butoxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and dimethylacetamide (DMAC), stirring to obtain uniform gel, standing, vacuumizing to remove air bubbles from the gel,uniformly coating the gel on a substrate, controlling temperature to volatilize solvent to obtain a film, namely the nano aluminum oxide modified PVDF-HFP/PVP polymer electrolyte thin film generated in situ. After being soaked in lithium salt solution ofcarbonate(EC)-dimethyl carbonate (DMC)-ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) to be activated and plasticized, the polymer electrolyte thin film demonstrates high electrochemical performance. The polymer electrolyte thin film prepared by the invention has high mechanical strength, high flexibility, high ionic conductivity and high electrochemical performance and is easy for industrial production.


This thesis addresses outstanding scientific problems relating to the evolution of the Earth's interior and surface through the field of Geodynamics. Within this thesis fun-damentals of continuum mechanics was used to describe the long term Earth processes of mantle convection and lithospheric dynamics. These dynamic problems were consid¬ered from a fluid dynamic perspective with internal body forces (stresses) and density contrasts balancing to drive motion within the Earth. The solutions of these problems were obtained numerically using the software framework' Underworld'. The implementation of a viscoelastic rheology into the 'Underworld' software frame¬work is outlined with particular attention to the stress rate tensor and the quantification of the energy dissipation, stored energy rate and the orientation of the stress and strain rate tensor. This viscoelastic rheology was then used in models of free subduction. The variation in morphology and hinge energy rates from viscous to viscoelastic slab cores was highlighted with the stored energy rate found to be different for the viscoelastic case, releasing energy within the mantle at depth. The presence of a deep continental lithosphere attached to a plate moving at average Earth speeds was found to have a buffering effect on the down stream oceanic lithosphere, offshore of passive margins. Parameterising the upper mantle using a temperature and strain rate dependent man¬tle for this same deep continental lithosphere was shown to result in a varying surface topography including the formation of transient, in both space and time, continental basins near passive margins.


In the 1990s, Ghana's education system was in crisis; underfunded infrastructure was deteriorating, and capacity could not meet rising demand. Of the approximately 26,000 students who passed Ghana's university entrance exams in 1998, only a third were accepted by Ghana's public universities because of capacity constraints. Those who were accepted still had to wait for two years to begin classes. Also, the curricula and teaching methods provided little-to-no practical experience. Computer science students, for example, learned to code on paper as they had little access to computers. And women constituted only 19 percent of enrollment. Across Sub-Saharan Africa, the gross enrollment rate for tertiary education at the time was approximately four percent. Ghanaian parents with sufficient means sent their children abroad for university, believing that would better prepare them for the global economy. But many graduates chose not to return, worsening Africa's 'brain drain'. For most families, though, an overseas education was too expensive, and few scholarships were available.


Logistic regression has been used to predict species distribution since the early age of predictive biogeography (Austin et al. 1984, Guisan and Thuiller 2005, Austin 2007). This is a parametric generalisation of usual linear regression that deals with a non-normally distributed response, and it has been utilized successfully to explain and model the distribution of various organisms over local to large spatial scales (Guisan et al. 1998, Teixeira et al. 2001, Fleishman et al. 2003, Thuiller et al. 2006a, b). The probability outputs of these models are commonly used under two forms: either they are summarised into binary results by choosing a threshold (Liu et al. 2005) or they are used un-summarised as raw probabilities or indexes (Real et al. 2006) where high values are taken as characterising highly suitable sites for the modelled species. The raw probability outputs are calibrated so they depend on the prevalence (ratio between the number of presences and the total number of records in the dataset) of the training dataset: the mean fitted value across all sites is equal to the prevalence in the training dataset. Because of this, rare species tend to have many low predicted values at sites across a region compared with more common species, so comparing suitability of sites across species in a conservation planning context can be a complex task. That is, the common species can effectively swamp the rare species in inter-species comparisons. In a recent paper, Real et al. (2006) proposed a method to circumvent this potential drawback by introducing a favourability function. They introduced the idea that a biased dataset is one where sampling prevalence (as deduced from samples) differs from 50%. Rescaling the probability outputs of logistic regression with reference to a so called ideal sample prevalence of 50%, the favourability function is expected to improve predictions in terms of description of the favourable areas for the species and to facilitate the comparison between species (and so that 0.5 would become the threshold for all species). Real et al. (2006) also claim that this function makes the model probability outputs independent of the sampling prevalence of the training dataset. The proposed formula for favourability F is the following:


Collaborative Multimedia Medical Technologies in the Management of Health CareB.-E. Erlandson1 and N.-G. Holmer21 Medical Informatics and Engineering, University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden2 Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital of Lund, S- 221 85 Lund, SwedenINTRODUCTIONTelematics and Informatics in health care will change the opportunities how health care isproduced and delivered. This is a necessary prerequisite because the increasing demand ofcare as well as the cost increase of health and social care. In the western counties, there willalso be a demand on availability, which implies that the information must be present whenneeded. In Europe, the Commission has made a statement about "An Information Society forAll". The vision is that the infrastructure must be enhanced and health care should be distanceindependent. Multimedia medical technologies can give the basis for this vision.METHODSThe current study will investigate the possibilities of developing and improving the technicalprerequisites for diagnosing and analysing purposes as near as possible the patient, i.e.outside the hospital or the primary health care centre. New technological solutions will givethe opportunity to deliver health care more efficient. One prerequisite, a health care net (e.g.Sjunet) has been established in Sweden to which health care providers are connected.Different areas that will be covered in the study are:· Networking between biomedical engineering departments and informatics departments in aregion (or nation-wide) in order to utilise competence and even equipment.· Co-ordination of roentgenological specialities between hospitals in Sweden.· Develop support in neurosurgery between university hospital and other hospitals· Oncological treatment methods and follow up of patients via distributed radiotherapy.· Advanced home care, with secure handling of patient ID, in order to transfer measureddata directly to the electronic patient record.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONTo our understanding, health care in the future will be built on knowledge networks.Information will be fetched on that health care level, the specialist that is needed, from theresponsible physician or nurse, from primary care to university hospital or other sources,where the ultimate expert knowledge for that specific disease can be found. Future telematicapplications will also give support both to the patient directly but also to the relatives. Onemust also be aware of the very fact that science and best practice are changing during time,new knowledge comes and old disappears.CONCLUSIONThe telematic applications that we deal with give support to patients or citizens who areisolated or are delimited for professional care really needed. Telematics can diminishgeographical distances, in rural sparsely populated area as well as in consulting withprofessionals on another continent. The competence is then available when and where neededindependent of geographical location, in Sweden or abroad.Swedish Ministry Publication series, DS 2002:3. IT in Health Services of Tomorrow.


Many parallel applications from scientific computing use co llective MPI communication operations to distribute or collect data. The execution time of c olle tive MPI communication operations can be significantly reduced by a restructuring based on orthogona l processor structures or by using specific point-topoint algorithms based on virtual communication topologie s. The performance improvement depends strongly on numerous factors, like the collective MPI communication operation, the specific group layout, the message size, the specific MPI library, and the architecture paramet ers of the parallel target platform. In this paper we describe an adaptive approach to determine and select a sp ecific rocessor group layout or communication algorithm for the realization of collective communica tion operations with the objective of minimizing the communication overhead. In the case that a communication me thod is faster than the original implementation of the collective MPI communication operation, the specific communication method is applied to perform the communication operation.


Abstract Eucharistic ethics have often been conducted by arguing how we should act from what we do in the sacrament, but such an argument is more rhetorical and homiletical than particularly eucharistic. This paper explores possible readings of Eucharistic ethics before making suggestions focusing on attending to the passionate presence of Christ and, in so doing, to the presence of others. This attention is met in the body and in the personal, particular stories of the people around the table.


An experimental investigation of the interaction of an explosively created gas bubble in a fluid with structures floating on the surface was made. The structures were constrained to either simply heave, or pitch, or flex. Several tests with each type of structure were made. For each type of structure, the mass was held constant from one test to another but the stiffness of the structure was changed by means of springs so that the natural frequency of vibration was altered. By means of supports which did not influence the flow field the structures were held at half depth on the surface in their equilibrium position. Each structure was driven by pulsating gas bubbles created by exploding wires at two different depths below the surface. The motions of the bubbles and structures were recorded by a high speed movie camera. The tests were run in a partially evacuated steel tank so that the pressure above the liquid surface was approximately one-three hundred and sixtieth of normal atmospheric pressure. This permits the simulation on a small scale of the effects caused by gravity in large scale explosions in the ocean. A theory of the coupled oscillations of a non-migrating, small amplitude pulsating,more » spherical bubble, in an inviscid, incompressible liquid with a simple structure floating on the surface was developed and the theoretical results are compared with the empirical data. It is concluded that gravity plays such an important role in determining the phenomena that occur, that a theory which ignores gravity is inadequate even as an approximation. (auth)« less


The Capital Asset Planning Model (CAPM) is a useful supplement to other methods for determining cost of equity capital and describes the way prices of individual securities are determined in efficient markets where there is a fault-free return plus a risk premium which is proportional to the systematic risk of a security. Eight midwestern railroads were selected for analysis with the research attempting to estimate the business as well as financial risk premiums. The application of CAPM to estimating the cost of equity capital for railroads appears no more difficult than for other industries. Financial managers can concentrate on controllable factors such as debt-to-equity rations and be aware of uncontrollable forces developing as a result of enormous capital requirements needed for rehabilitation and the effects of possible deregulation.


Still practically unknown in the world fruit market, Gurgueia nut (Dipteryx lacunifera Ducke) is leguminous fruit species native to Brazilian Mid-North region) whose almond is very appreciated by native people. Nevertheless, these species are not very well known. The aims of our work were first to evaluate thoroughly the literature currently available on Gurgueia nut and secondly to supplement this review by agronomic works published about it. Origin and distribution. The study includes a presentation of the origin, geographical distribution and phenotypic variability of Gurgueia nut. Botanical classification and taxonomy. The study includes a presentation of the botany, morphology and floral biology of Gurgueia nut. Plant propagation. The methods available for plant propagation of Gurgueia nut are focused and properly described, with examples of published manuscripts. Compositions and uses. The many uses of Gugrgueia nut plant parts are presented with especial consideration for its almond composition in relation to nutrients, vitamins, proteins and fatty acids, as well as the various possibilities of processing. Conclusion. Our review highlights the fact that the interest shown in Gurgueia nut is recent and, for these reasons, more detailed knowledge on these species is required (agronomic, genetic and technological).


gaard goes " beyond Socrates " in developing a more radical view of truth and of learning, but still it is Socrates who is taken as the source of inspiration. We can observe this same phenomenon of the return to Greek ethics in the use which both Sartre and Camus make of classical tragedy. Again, their existential rendering of the ancient tragedies makes each one more radical than its earlier Greek version. Yet, the amazing thing to note is the sympathy which the existentialists feel for Greek ethical themes in spite of the intervening centuries and all of their polemic against " historical understanding." Existentialism is anti-evolutionary where man is concerned and thus can feel itself immediately contemporary with classical man. All men share the same human condition regardless of time, although the Greeks seem to have caught the tragical flavor better than many other eras of the past. However, my interest now is neither to explore this relationship between Greek ethics and existentialism nor to comment on the views of man which they share in common. Since existentialism is future oriented and anti-historical in its outlook, it would be more true to its spirit to turn this brief exploration toward the future and not the past. In any strict sense, existentialism's interest in classical ethics was not historical; it was simply inspirational. That is, existentialism drew from these ancient figures both its inspiration and the basis upon which it could extend its own analysis. Thus, what we want to ask now is how the combination of both existentialism


Method for voice mail management. It provides systems and programs. Voice mail filter controller calculates an individual base (Bayesian) score for each voicemail message from the multiple voice mail message entry received by the voice mailbox to the user, wherein, each of the individual base score is the relevant voice-mail message the user It indicates the possibility that you do not want. During the playback, a voice mail filtering controller may automatically delete the selection of the voice mail message having a large individual base score than a base end of the game to play the voicemail message from the voice mailbox, respectively. Voice mail box, the base score, voice mail filtering controller


This paper describes present research towards improved standardization of static electricity meter testing with conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI). The latest experiences distilled from this research are presented regarding waveform capturing and advanced testing.


This paper presented an overview of the Stationary Bootstrap method of nonparametric methods. Multitudes of re-sampled data were generated to conquer the limitations of historical simulation method.The trends of different indexes based on Stationary Bootstrap Method were constructed to test the performance of VBPI strategy under different market conditions and compare its performance with CPPI strategy.Test of the significant difference of performance between CPPI and VBPI disclosed that with sufficient samples, confidence level of 99%, insured ratio of 99% or 98% and window period equivalent to adjustment duration at 20 days, VBPI strategy outperformed CPPI strategy in various test indicators.


Polymer reference interaction site model (RISM) calculations are performed on melts of freely-jointed, vinyl polymer chains. The local monomer structure is modeled by three independent, hard-sphere sites corresponding to the CH 2 and CH backbone constituents and an arbitrary side-chain group. The six intersite radial distribution functions and partial structure factors are computed for chains of 100 backbone units, at a liquid like packing fraction of 0.5. It is found that the side-chain groups tend to shield the backbone sites from approaching each other at short distances. The extent of shielding increases with the size of the side-chain group. On a radius of gyration length scale all the radial distribution functions exhibit a universal correlation hole


Heterogeneous catalysts for the production of glycerol carbonate. # The present invention relates to a process for preparing glycerol carbonate which comprises transesterifying alkylene or alkyl carbonates with glycerin, wherein the process comprises a basic inorganic heterogeneous catalyst and the pressure during the transesterification process 10 is higher than 0.3 atmospheres.


In today's business world, the ability to work efficiently and effectively with others in a group is a mandatory skill. Many employers rank "ability to work with a group" as one of the most important attributes for business school graduates to possess. Therefore, it is important for instructors to understand the factors that influence group dynamics and outcomes and students' attitudes toward group experiences. The objective of this research is to test whether the method of group member assignment (i.e., random or self-selected) affects the nature of group dynamics and outcomes, and students' attitudes toward the group experience. The results indicate that the method of group member assignment does influence group dynamics, attitudes toward the group experience, and group outcomes.


Communication delay in a processor network is very critical to the throughput for parallel video processing. We propose a simultaneous distribution and collection method (SD) from the root processor to children processors via a multi-port switch network. For the proposed mechanism, we analyze the video encoding time and derive a closed-form solution for a star interconnection network topology. The results show that the total encoding time is significantly faster than the previous method, parallel interlaced (PI). In addition, we achieve scalability in terms of the number of processors, which means that as the number of processors increases over the optimal number of processors of PI, one continues to achieve much better performance.


The paper examined the effects of water level fluctuation on the distribution of soil seed bank in littoral zone of Three Gorges reservoir.The experiments were carried out by seedling-emergence method under the condition of petri dishes(d=15 cm),temperature of 20 ℃ and illumination of 12 hours per day.The results showed that the soil seed bank was dominated by annual plants,with the intensification and prolonging of flooding,the richness of above-ground vegetation,the density and species richness of seed banks tended to decrease.The density of soil seed bank ranged from 111.12 to 1 889.04 m-2,and the number of species is between 1 to 8.Seeds began to germinate at the 1st week,then got quickly to germination peak at the 2nd week,at last stopped germinating after 7 weeks.The above-ground vegetation richness,the density and species richness of seed bank were very significantly different with water level gradient(p=0.000).Researchers found that the distribution pattern of seed bank are affected by water level fluctuation.Flooding intensity and duration are the dominant factors which should be seriously noted in vegetation restoration and reconstruction.


Until characterization of HIV/AIDS malignancies non-endemic was one of the two categories of Burkitt's lymphoma. The types vary mainly in the proportions of several characterizing features. In 1904 Albert Cook made observations in a Mohammandan child who had a malignant tumor that appears to be what Denis Burkitt in 1958 and subsequent years by others provided for founding characteristics. The major defining features included a peculiar age distribution, characteristic anatomical distribution and geographical distribution unrelated to genetic factors. Additionally the disease has typical cytogenesis and cytologic, histologic, immunologic, biologic, and clinical features. Non-endemic Burkitt's is rare and predominantly found in the temperate regions. In Europe, North and South America and Oceanic Age Standardized Rates in most populations are less than 1 per million in many countries. In Asia, the levels are low and vary from country to country while Australian pediatric cancer registry documented Crude Incidence of 1.8.


Abstract Three cases of large mastoid antrum were difficult to distinguish from cholesteatomas because of their size. Two of these have been proved surgically. Tomography was of diagnostic assistance and in 1 demonstrated normal middle ear structures and established the diagnosis of large antrum.


Objective In Germany, children with life-limiting conditions and complex symptoms are eligible for specialised outpatient palliative care (SOPC). In the federal state of Hesse, SOPC for children (SOPPC) is delivered by teams with paediatric expertise. While burdened by the life-limiting condition of their child, parents must also fulfill their roles as main care providers and decision makers. Collaboration between parents and SOPPC teams is important, as the intermittent care and uncertainty it entails often lasts for several months or years. We explored parents' experiences and their demands of collaboration with SOPPC teams. Methods We conducted nine narrative interviews with 13 parents of children and adolescents with life-limiting conditions and used a grounded theory approach to analyse interview data. Results Parents stressed the importance of paediatric expertise, honesty, psychosocial support, an individualised approach, experience of self-efficacy and the need to be recognised as experts for their children. The narrative interviews showed that collaboration between parents and SOPPC teams was characterised by parents' need for specialised professional assistance and their simultaneous empowerment by SOPPC teams. Conclusions Parents' perceptions of what good collaboration with SOPPC teams entails are manifold. To meet these complex needs, SOPPC requires time and specialised expertise.


The effect of using a nonideal simulated inductance in Leach and Chan's method of active RC synthesis is examined. It is shown that one can still obtain all types of second-order filter sections; moreover, there is a reduction in the number of components used, and the sensitivities obtained are less than or equal to those in the ideal inductor scheme.


The method of overlapping spheres (OS) was applied for the estimation of stability constants (β 2 ) of sets of (binary) copper(II) bis-complexes with 1,2-diaminoethanes (N = 14), aliphatic amino acids and their N-alkylated derivatives (N = 11), and naturally occurring amino acids (N = 9), along with a set of 16 mixed (ternary) copper(II) bis-complexes with naturally occurring amino acids. The central sphere, with the radius, R v , 300 or 400 pm, was situated at the copper atom. The OS volumes (V*) of the central sphere and the van der Waals spheres of the surrounding atoms were calculated from the structures of bis- or corresponding mono-complexes and correlated with the log β 2 values. Both approaches yielded similar results, differing in the reproduction of stability constants by less than 20 %. Bivariate linear regression was performed for mixed complexes, using (V* 1 + V* 2 ) and (V* 1 - V* 2 ) as independent variables (V* 1 and V* 2 correspond to the OS values for the two constituting chelate rings). The bivariate linear regression gave r = 0.961 and the reproduction of experimental data from 0.00 to 0.16 log β units (S.E. cv = 0.08 log β units).


The strategic importance of human resources and their contribution to the effectiveness of business firms are receiving increasing recognition worldwide. In this study, I examine different approaches to human resource management (HRM) practices for business firms in different performance categories. Findings obtained from a study of 315 firms in Taiwan demonstrate that organizational performance is significantly related to the management of such human resource functions as planning, staffing, appraisal, compensation, and training and development. The results also indicate that successful firms are often those that adopt a highly effective approach to the management of their human resources.


In 1933 Boysen Jensen [2] conclusively demonstrated that auxin is present in roots. When this problem was solved a new one arose: Is auxin produced in root tips, or is it merely accumulated there from elsewhere in the plant? Thimann [3] determined the amount of auxin which was given off by excised tips of Avena roots into dextrose-agar blocks and compared it with the amount of auxin that was obtained by ether extraction of such tips. In both cases he found the same amount of auxin and concluded that it is merely accumulated in the Avena roots and not actually produced by them. Other authors [4], however, found that from the roots of Avena and other plants two to twenty times as much auxin could be obtained by diffusion as by extraction. They came to the conclusion that auxin is produced in roots. As we had obtained surprisingly large amounts of auxin from pea roots [5] it seemed of interest to compare the amounts of auxin obtained from excised root tips of germinating peas by diffusion and by extraction with improved techniques.


The aim of the paper is to study the preservation and the reflection of acc and hacc spaces under various kinds of mappings. In particular, we show that acc and hacc are not preserved by perfect mappings and that acc is not reflected by closed (nor perfect) mappings while hacc is reflected by perfect mappings.


It is demonstrated that one can simplify statistical‐mechanical calculations of isotope effects on rates and on equilibria, without introducing significant error, by omitting large portions of the molecules involved. One can usually ``cut off'' parts of the molecules more than two bonds removed from the position(s) of isotopic substitution at which force‐constant changes occur between reactant and transition state in a rate process or between reactant and product in an equilibrium process. Sometimes more extreme cutoff is possible. The force‐constant and geometry changes at the isotopic position(s) must be the same in the cutoff and complete calculations. The success of the cutoff procedure focuses attention on the fact that experiments which determine isotope effects in the room‐temperature region and above can directly yield information regarding only changes occurring in the neighborhood of the isotopic position(s).


Rotor blade deicing is a important investigation task for helicopter,electrothermal temperature characteristic test is a important test.This article particular introduced design of thermocouple,disposal of sensor,principle of measure and control,content of test and result of data.This test gained trusty data and integrated method.


Supervisor's written feedback is a major guideline for thesis writers,and plays a critical role in the whole process of thesis writing.Despite the important guidance function of feedback in thesis revision,few studies on supervisor's feedback focus have been done.This study is intended to carry out a case study of the focus of supervisor's electronic feedback to English linguistics MA theses.Through sorting,analyzing and summarizing one supervisor's 862 feedback on ten postgraduates' theses in the course of three years,feedback features,content,types and meanings are worked out.The results show that supervisor feedback mainly concerns aspects such as content,genre,organization and structure,and accuracy of language.Incompleteness or lack of literature of the latest 5years ranked first in the content-related feedback,and the expression being illogical or unclear was the most serious issue in organization/structure-related feedback.Language-related feedback accounted for 89% among the overall feedback,which indicates that language accuracy and appropriateness is the most serious problem in thesis writing and needs improving and raising.


The main objective of a successful endodontic treatment is the proper cleaning and shaping of the root canal, as well as a total obturation of the canal space with an inert, dimensionally stable and biologically compatible material. A large variety of root canal filling materials have been used through the years. To achieve an effective seal and promote healing, a root canal sealer should possess certain characteristics. Grossman identified several characteristics of the ideal sealer. One of these is that it must have bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity. Several antibacterial agents have been added to root canal sealers to improve this effect. In addition, it should be completely compatible with the periapical tissue, being neither toxic nor inflammatory. There have been many reports showing that resin-based sealers have better physical characteristics than zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealers, and that AH 26, in particular, which is composed mainly of epoxy resin, is quite effective because of its close adaptation to the root canal walls and its very low contraction rate during setting. As far as the cytotoxicity of resin-based sealers is concerned, there have been conflicting results. However, several researchers have reported that the cytotoxicity is quite strong at the time of mixing but weakens over time. Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial property of New Resin-based Sealer


Legislation supplementary to the British Representation of the People Act approved February 6,1918, has lately made women eligible to sit in the house of commons. No sooner was the former measure, which enfranchised six million women, on the statute book than the question arose whether its effect was to make women eligible for election. The law officers of the crown held that no such right was conferred. Prospective women candidates, however, were not deterred; and the Labor party at once pronounced in favor of a bill to secure the desired object.


A microprocessor-based sleep apnea ventilator has been developed that can effectively respond to pressure variation during inspiration and exhalation. Utilization of the microprocessor in control of the sleep apnea ventilator facilitates the implementation of a more sophisticated control structure that can effectively regulate the pressure. The microprocessor also offers the needed capability for implementation of intelligent patient monitoring and alarm systems, which are not available on commercial units now. Plans for development of the present system include a stand-alone design without the desktop computer, and the control of pressure based on sleep stage to increase patient comfort.<<ETX>>


This Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) report describes the development and results of sensor integration for low-cost crash avoidance for over-the-road commercial trucks. The goal of this Safety IDEA project was to build and test a system composed of low-cost commercially available sensors arranged on a truck trailer to monitor other vehicles around the truck. The system combines the data from each sensor to increase the reliability of the sensor system using a probabilistic data fusion approach. A combination of ultrasonic and magneto-resistive sensors was used in this project. In addition, radar and digital imaging were investigated as reference signals and possible candidates for additional sensor integration. However, the primary focus of this work was the integration of the ultrasonic and magneto-resistive sensors.


Through research the multifunctional mechanical handling system matched with excavators, farm vehicles, cranes and other equipment, to solve the traditional way can not be rotated shoveling, handling and loading material must first be stacked neatly and operation site requirements relatively flat etc.. Its application to transportation and handling of forestry wood, sugar cane and logistics doods, which can satisfy the majority of users of this cargo handling mechanized operation. The whole machinery is mainly composed of mechanical hand, mechanical arm and operating room, which driven by hydraulic pressure control, control flexibility, coordination, safe and reliable, grab the opening and closing time is short and high efficiency. mechanical crane and operating chambers, hydraulic drive control, flexible control, coordination and good, safe, reliable, grab the opening and closing time is short, high working efficiency.


We prove that tree isomorphism is not expressible in the language (FO+TC+COUNT). This is surprising since in the presence of ordering the language captures NL, whereas tree isomorphism and canonization are in L (Lindell, 1992). Our proof uses an Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse game for transitive closure logic with counting. As a corresponding upper bound, we show that tree canonization is expressible in (FO+COUNT)[log n]. The best previous upper bound had been (FO+COUNT)[n/sup 0(1)/] (Dublish and Maheshwari, 1990). The lower bound remains true for bounded-degree trees, and we show that for bounded-degree trees counting is not needed in the upper bound. These results are the first separations of the unordered versions of the logical languages for NL, AC/sup 1/, and ThC/sup 1/. Our results were motivated by a conjecture in (Etessami and Immerman, 1995) that (FO+TC+COUNT+1LO)=NL, i.e., that a one-way local ordering sufficed to capture NL. We disprove this conjecture, but we prove that a two-way local ordering does suffice, i.e., (FO+TC+COUNT+2LO)=NL.


A number of nutritional products from QPM such as weaning food, health food, specialty foods has been developed by the Rajendra Agricultural University in collaboration with the Directorate of Maize Research. The commercialization of agro based food products is the output of FEIP (Farmer, Entrepreneur, Institution and People) chain, a revolutionary concept which under strategic planning will definitely be able to strengthen value chain in maize for food and nutritional security and ultimately livelihood security.


In order to define mechanical properties of V-shaped insulator strings under dynamic wind load, a numerical commutating method is adopted. By carrying out comparative analysis of dynamic and static calculation results, this paper provides a theoretical basis for engineering design. Keywords-v-shaped insulator; mechanical analysis; calm wind; buckling


Objective: To explore the characteristics of malignancy patients diagnosed as syndrome of lumbar disc herniation to avoid false diagnosis and false therapy.Methods:6 053 cases from the year 1980 to 2005 in the hospital,were collected and diagnosed as syndrome of lumbar disc herniation,out of which,19 cases were diagnosed as malignancy.Results:There were 11 cases with severe pain at night and 13 cases with local spine knocking pain.Lumbar X-ray image examination showed 3 cases with osseous destruction,16 cases were found with lumbar disc herniation in CT scanning,2 cases with osseous destruction,out of the 10 cases who accepted MRI examination,9 cases showed lumbar osseous destruction.Laboratory test showed 3 cases with increased ESR and 2 cases with increased alkalescence phosphoestrase.Conclusion:In the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation,if there are obvious symptom of clear night pain and local spine knocking pain and aggravated pain and increased ESR without obvious lenitive posture infection,possibility of malignancy should be considered and lumbar MRI test should be made.


Klysner et al ([2002][1]) evaluated the prophylactic efficacy of citalopram in comparison with placebo in elderly patients, and stated 'the highly recurrent nature of major depression in the young and the elderly warrants long-term antidepressant treatment'. In view of this, is it ethical to use


Two-dimensional/ three-dimensional (2D/3D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are one of the most potential candidates for table-top pulse terahertz (THz) emitters. Hence, manipulating carrier information at the interface is important to optimize THz emission performance. Photoinduced doping is an effective way to embellish the carrier characteristic at the interface. Here, we applied the photoinduced doping effect to dynamically manipulate the THz generation process from graphene-silicon (Gr-Si) heterostructure. When photoinduced doping is applied by using 532 nm continuous wave (CW) laser, THz radiation decreases with the increase of CW pump power at the reverse bias. The photoinduced doping attenuates the interfacial built-in electric field, resulting in the decrease of transient photocurrent and further reduction of THz radiation. This photogenerated carrier screening effect has achieved a 95.4% intrinsic THz modulation depth (MD) at the external excitation of 200 mW CW laser under reverse bias voltage -30 V. The intrinsic THz MD is much higher than previous report value due to the optimized heterostructure fabrication and the optimized light spot overlap of CW laser and femtosecond laser. This work proposes a non-destructive and reversible method to actively manipulate the THz emission at the vdW interface and provides an optimized route to realize high intrinsic THz MD in THz region.


Resistance to the construction of a new motorway link through Twyford Down in the 1990s made the name of this small part of Hampshire, England, symbolic of contemporary environmental protest in Britain. But a little-known part of the story concerns the use of environmental restoration by proponents and opponents of the new road. This paper investigates how the 'restoration rhetoric' was used in the Twyford Down case and also how it was translated into practice on the ground. It shows that environmental restoration is neither necessarily good nor bad for environmental protection, but that its very plasticity can be moulded by different hands and contexts.


The corneal surface model based on aspherical factor was presented. The correction model for simple myopia based on aspherical factor was put forward. The parameters in the model were determined. The model could be used to correct the simple myopia. Using this model can effectively reduce the spherical aberration in postoperative eyes and decrease the regression of visual sights.


Along with the entire social environmental protection energy conservation's consciousness unceasing enhancement,all kinds of hot working equipment all correspondingly applies the new industrial technology to carry on the energy conservation transformation,so as to reduce the energy consumption,the pollution,and obtain the bigger economic efficiency.This article is based on the discussion to the effective realization cremation machine energy conservation technology,takes an attempt to provide one method for the cremation machine energy conservation transformation for the cremation machine production enterprise.


The purpose of this thesis is to present the adaptation of English loanwords into Serbian and Czech language in modern discourse and to show the results of the adaptation. At the same time, we examined the similarities and differences in the method of accepting adaptation in Czech and Serbian linguistic environment. In our thesis, we used Contact Linguistics which focuses on the mechanisms of adaptation of loanwords and has been present for a long time in the South Slavonic language studies thanks to Croatian linguist Rudolf Filipovic. For the purpose of comparison with Serbian language, we used the classification system by Pricic and theory of adaptation by Filipovic when analyzing English loanwords in Czech language as well.


The book of E. Berti Le vie della ragione (The ways of Reason), proposes the real function of the principle of non-contradiction, a comparison among the actual philosophical tendencies of debolismo and a proposal of don't divide the human beeing and the pure speculation. The notice focusing its attention on the first and most original point : which was the realest formulation of the principle of non contradiction compared to the Parmenide's one ; the function that it had in Aristotle's thought travised by christian scolastica ; its representation in the actual cultural climate as dialectic's basis. Then it follows a valuation adn a critical comparison abou a real incidence of that proposal in the actual philosophy particularly about the movemenbt said debolismo.


The purpose of this paper is to present applications of the^NANMAC erodingtype thermocouples to record temperature histories of the surfaces, which take part in the heat exchange during the compression cycle. These thermocouples have a very small heat capacity and a short time constant. Additionally, similar measurements were taken using a thin film metal resistor. The experimental stand is equipped with a single cycle reciprocating compressor - especially adopted for the purpose of this work. The thermal conditions of the compression process in the compressor are well defined. This enables to repeat exactly experiments and comparing measurement methods. The paper presents measurement results of the surface temperature time histories of the cylinder head. The method of the numerical processing of these signals as well as the calculation of the related heat fluxes on the surface are also presented and discussed. Results obtained by measurements with eroding thermocouple are compared with those taken by thin film metal resistor. All experimental data were processed numerically in order to exclude the noise of the measurement circuits.


The present investigation deals with the effects of varying the amount of investment and time in the execution that we study them as efficiencies, on the viability's variation using a sample of public investment projects in inland aquaculture nationwide between 2007-2011. In addition, we study the joint effect of both efficiencies in the execution of the viability's variation of public investment projects. Thus, we can estimate the viability's variation of VNA Social aquaculture projects if we know the cost and time efficiencies and to assess if efforts, to keep costs within budget or reduce them or to perform the work within the time limits or decrease them, got significant influence on the feasibility of the project and establish how much was that variation.
This is a quantitative research which is hypothetical-deductive method. Is retrospective longitudinal cutting and its level is explanatory. The sources of information are feasibility records and closure reports of public projects of the Ministry of Economy and Finance. The design is observational and consists of tabulating investments, encountered times and Social VNA expressed in feasibility documents, then get from closure reports the real investments and times of execution to find efficiencies and recalculate the Social VNA ultimate.
The statistical study of the independent variables that are the efficiencies and the dependent variable that is the change in viability, it is concluded that time efficiency does not significantly influence, whereas cost efficiency does influences significantly, similarly, concluded that overall efficiency (cost-efficiency * time-efficiency) does not influence over the viability's variation of public investment project of inland aquaculture.
Keywords: variation feasibility, cost efficiency, time efficiency, global efficiency, private project, public project, inland aquaculture.


Education, especially higher education, plays an outmost important role in giving impetus to economic and social development in information time. Nevertheless, how to construct our educational and scientific research networks, especially the campus networks of institutes of higher education, is of great far-reaching significance in developing higher education, promoting the fluidity of information and knowledge under the new situation. This paper has analyzed the present situation of computer networks construction for educational and scientific research in our country, and has expounded the characteristics, aims and tasks of campus networks construction of institutes of higher education as well as has suggested development policies in view of the current issues.


Introduction to science and soccer - T Reilly. Biology and Soccer. Functional anatomy - T Howe. Fitness assessment - T Reilly . Physiology of training - J Bangsbo. Motion analysis and physiological demands - T Reilly. Nutrition - D Maclaren. Special Populations - T Reilly. Biomechanics and soccer medicine. Biomechanics applied to soccer skills - A Lees. Biomechanics of soccer surfaces and equipment - A Lees. Injury prevention and rehabilitation - T Reilly and T Howe. Psychology and injury - F Sanderson. Goal setting during injury rehabilitation - D Gilbourne. Enviromental stress - T Reilly. Behavioural science and soccer. Soccer skills practice - D Bate. Coaching science - A Borrie. The science of soccer management - M Cook. Psychology - F Sanderson. Football and society: The case of soccer hooliganism - J Minten. Football violence - an interdisciplinary perspective, B Peiser. Match analysis. Notational analysis - M Hughes. The science of match analysis - I M Franks and T McGarry. Information technology - T Shelton.


Introduction Correction and arthrodesis for cervical kyphosis associated with atetoid cerebral palsy has been considered to be difficult because of their involuntary neck movements and severe deformity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the surgical outcome of midline T-saw laminoplasty and posterior arthrodesis using pedicle screws. Methods 15 patients were retrospectively reviewed. There were 6 women and 9 men, with a mean age 52.9 years (range 31–71 years). Mean follow-up period was 43 months (range 24–84 months). For clinical evaluation, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and Barthel index (BI) which shows independence in ADL were used. For radiographic evaluation, change of C2–C7 Cobb angle of sagittal alignment, adjacent segment instability after the surgery were evaluated. Results The average JOA score improved significantly from 6.2 preoperatively to 10.5 postoperatively. The average BI improved from 44.2 before surgery to 72.5 after surgery. C2–C7 Cobb angle of sagittal alignment measured 12.3 degrees of kyphosis preoperatively and 1.2 degrees of lordosis postoperatively. Solid posterior bony fusion was achieved in all cases. There was two cases of adjacent segmental instability, which required additional surgery. Seven (5.6%) out of the 125 inserted screws showed more than 2mm deviation. However, there were no neurovascular complications during or after surgery in any cases, and all cases maintained strong internal fixation. Conclusion Midline T-saw laminoplasty and posterior arthrodesis using pedicle screw is a favorable option for the patient with kyphotic deformity associated with atetoid cerebral palsy, as it preserves cervical alignment, and improve neurological status and ADL.


We examined the anti-inflammatory effect of the peel extract of the newly bred Korean apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivar Green ball. To test its possible use as anti-inflammatory functional material, Raw 264.7 macrophages were treated with pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of Green ball apple peel ethanol extract (GBE). Notably, up to 500 µg/mL of GBE did not result in any signs of inhibition on cellular metabolic activity or cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 macrophages. Supplementation with GBE to LPS-treated Raw 264.7 macrophage significantly suppressed various pro-inflammatory responses in a dose-dependent manner, including i) nitric oxide (NO) production, ii) accumulation of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, iii) phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κ B) subunit p65, and iv) expression of pro-inflammatory biomarker genes, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and prostaglandin E synthase 2.


Acid catalysed direct transesterification of wet biomass is carried out in order to improve energy efficiency. A comparison of FAME conversion rate under variable temperature & duration is made between sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. It is found that sulfuric acid catalyses the reaction four times faster. Optimization of temperature and duration is found in order to achieve relatively high conversion rate at low consumption of heat energy. Higher FAME conversion yield was observed for both the catalysts, for increasing the temperature, within the temperature range studied. At 100C, minimum time requirement was 30 minute for 100% FAME conversion, when H2SO4 was used; for HCl, it was almost 2 hours. It is concluded that direct transesterification of wet biomass is a viable approach in producing biodiesel from microalgae.


Abstract Diffusion of penetrants in polyethylene below the melt temperature is heavily dependent on the crystallinity of the polyethylene, the temperature of the experiment, and the concentration of solvent in the polymer. As the crystallinity of the polyethylene increases, there is an increase in the path that the solvent must travel as the solvent cannot penetrate the tightly packed chains in the crystalline domain. This effect is typically accounted for by a tortuosity factor. In this work, a simple and effective characterization of the tortuosity factor based simply on the crystal weight fraction has been developed. Data have been collected for six polyethylenes having densities ranging from 0.912 to 0.961 g/cm3 and for three solvents – isopentane, cyclohexane, and 1-hexene. Diffusivity predictions have been obtained using the free-volume theory of Vrentas and Duda in conjunction with the new tortuosity factor. The polyethylenes had crystallinities varying from 40% to 82% effecting an approximately 60% change in the diffusivity. The decrease resulting from ignoring the crystallinity altogether was in some cases essentially a factor of 5. The error in the predicted diffusivities over all the systems was 25%. For cyclohexane, it is shown that the same model parameters characterize data below the melt temperature (in the semi-crystalline region) as well as above the melt temperature (in the amorphous region).


Human facial expressions are an indication of true emotions. To recognize facial expressions accurately is useful in the field of Artificial Intelligence, Computing, Medical, e-Education, and many more. The facial expression recognition (FER) system detects emotion through facial expression. But, it is challenging to detect facial emotions accurately. However, recent advancements in technology, research, and availability of facial expression datasets have led to the development of many FER systems which can accurately detect facial emotions. Past research in the field of FER indicates With Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), deep learning techniques are the most advanced presently. Custom CNN Architecture is used to implement basic facial emotion recognition in static images in this paper. A K-fold cross-validation method was used to train them using FER13, CK+, and the JAFFE data set. On the seven classes of fundamental emotions, including anger, disgust, fear, happiness, neutrality, sorrow, and surprise, the FER13, CK+, and JAFFE datasets had an accuracy rate of 91.58 percent. Given the difficulty of developing unique CNN architecture, this study's accurate findings contrast well with those of previous studies.


It seemed almost too good to be true; a solar panel array on your home large enough to negate your power bill. But Bonnie Trevanion soon found that old adage rings true; things that seem too good to be true usually are.


Rescue against natural calamities materials support was meaningful and important to carry out rescue actions successfully and ensure implementation of mission satisfactorily.The paper started from actual requirement of rescue materials support,put forward the optimal selection problem of support plans for rescue materials,established representative evaluating index of support plans for rescue materials,and gave concrete calculation methods of index.The paper also selected support plan by setting an example of rescue materials Wenchuan earthquake and using entropy weight theory,got the reasonable plan.


The present invention relates to a cooling device (1) comprising at least one cooling compartment (2) and at least one freezing compartment (3), an insulator intermediate wall (4) which separates the compartments (2 and 3) from each other, at least one evaporator (5) which provides the cooling of the air circulated in the compartments (2 and 3), a compressor (6) which compresses the refrigerant passing through the evaporator (5) and circulates in the refrigeration cycle, a channel (7) through which the air passes returning from the cooling compartment (2) to the volume (H) containing the evaporator (5), a fan (8) which blows the cooled air towards the compartments (2 and 3), and a defrost heater (9) situated on the evaporator (5).


In the world in which we live character is at the forefront. It's hard to tell what is the truth as the lineshave been blurred because of a word called "spin" and a person's own mental justification for theiractions. Daily accounts of superintendents and other school administrators are headlined in the media,whether mainstream media or specialized education media, about failures in character. What causedthat superintendent or administrator to sacrifice their character? They relied on their reputation andbecame lax in their moral obligations and judgments.


The paper presents the features of a program package "Polymech-symbol" helping to solve some laborious mechanical problems. The package was written by means of the REDUCE system and contains several algorithms in a form of REDUCE procedures. The computer algebra methods may be successfully used for a solving the problems of navigation and defining the trajectory of satellite mass centre motion. The preliminary analytical research provides the effective algorithm for on-board solving the problem of prediction. To assure necessary accuracy, we need to construct several higher approximations. Such sophisticated problem can be solved only with the help of symbolic computations that deal with the processing of cumbersome analytical expressions. For effective analytical investigation such kind of problems the choice of parameters which describe the perturbed orbital motion is critical. In addition to the natural requirements of the calculation process efficiency and the absence of singularities in equations of motion, it is useful to have a unified mathematical description for the angular motion and for the motion of the mass centre. In this paper, for determining the spatial orientation of the orbit and the satellite position on the orbit, we used the quaternion II (TO, ml, 7r2, m) that transforms from the inertial geocentric basis 17 to the orbital basis Q with the origin at the satellite mass centre. The components of II are normalized (ir~ + my + z; + n; = 1). The parameters V., VI, VZ in formulae


Technical challenges including inaccurate computation of the negative zero-crossing time of acceleration,rebound jump of emergency nutation control and compensation for the pulse front edge during cross control were encountered by FY-2 control and processing software of YW maritime tracking and control system.Following analysis of the principle of emergency nutation control,this paper proposes an upgrade design.A detailed flow chart for software implementation is given.As validated in internal integration and tests of FY 04-06 satellite and integration and tests with the satellite control center,the software provides accurate computation results,stable and reliable operation and high control efficiency.


Pulsed Airborne and Millimeter Wave TWTs often need very small gridded guns which are difficult to fabricate. Enter the "Negative Grid", which consists of a single grid at a potential near or below that of the cathode. This operating voltage makes the grid non-intercepting and allows close spacing to the cathode surface. This paper will include both simulation data and measured product performance data.


In the academic year 2011-2012, the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science at the California State University Bakersifled started a summer exploratory program for local high school students interested in Engineering. The main purpose of the workshop was attracting underrepresented minorities and women to the discipline of engineering. This work in progress is supported by Department of Education Minority Science and Engineering Improvement Program (MSEIP), P120A110050. Students engage in a 4-week workshop focused on a diverse set of topics in the disciplines of electrical, electronics, computer, and mechanical engineering. A detailed assessment of participants' attitude and knowledge before and after the program shows that such a short program can be effectively applied to entice the students' interests in the field of engineering.


In an ambitious synthesis of current writing theory, Carol Berkenkotter and Thomas Huckin provide an account of their accumulated research and attempt a theoretical recasting in the updated context of recent rhetoric and genre studies. This is a strong presentation with both meticulous accounts of research on academic and scholarly writing, and succinct summaries of relevant theories of discourse. The result is an impressive effort to integrate the heft of their empirical studies into a theoretical framework friendly to both the pedagogical and research interests of writing disciplines. There is a double purpose to this rather short but important book: first, to articulate a rhetorically based theory of genre that also accounts for the sociocognitive dimension of reception, and, second, to thereby raise the value of this approach to discourse studies. Berkenkotter and Huckin outline their theoretical antecedents in the Preface and first chapter, citing the work of Campbell and Jamieson (1978) and Miller ( 1984) on genre and rhetoric, and devote the rest of the book to reports of studies of academic and scholarly writing that apply or advance genre theory. These studies are updated versions of case study research they worked on over a period of eight years. They describe their research activities as a two-pronged investigation of textbased disciplinary communication: a study of the situated actions of writers and the respective contexts of their communicative systems. In short, their goal is to "interpret individual processes ... as communicative acts within a discursive network or system" (p.ix), and to focus on how "genre is embedded in the communicative


The invention relates to the preparation of compound (I): (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) by a method in which treating the compound (II): (CF DRAWING iN BOPI) by halogen, and then subjecting the halogenated compound obtained in the action of a basic agent to obtain the compound (IV '): ( CF DRAWING iN BOPI) which is treated with an oxidizing agent. The invention also relates to novel intermediates obtained.


Abstract The present paper attempts to see what determines Marlow's difficulty to turn his Congolese experience into language. Therefore, I argue that Marlow's storytelling collapses because at the core of his discourse there is the unknown semantic universe of the other. In the "heart of darkness", on the banks of the Congo River, there stands an unknown language, the language of the natives which is known only by Kurtz. Thus it becomes impossible for Marlow to translate it and incorporate it in his story.


Findings – According to the analyses, the results showed that there were volatility spillovers from oil to palladium and platinum in low-volatility regimes and from oil to platinum in high-volatility regimes. On the other hand, there was no volatility spillover from oil to palladium in high-volatility regimes. Investing into oil and palladium in the same portfolio can provide diversification benefits for investors in high-volatility regimes. On the other hand, investing into oil and palladium in the same portfolio may not provide diversification benefits for investors in low-volatility regimes. The findings of the analyses can be beneficial for investors, market participants, and portfolio managers to make an accurate portfolio management.


Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have the potential to transform planning for disasters, managing a response, communicating with the people who must react and coordinating operations. Likewise, the compelling need for effective disaster response and the associated risk in loss of life can be powerful "pulls" for ITS infrastructure deployment. Disasters come in many forms, but the one that has recently captured national attention for transportation managers is hurricanes. The potential for loss of life from a hurricane is substantial and can occur from storm surge, wind or inland flooding. While the risk of loss of life due to storm surge is a constant consideration and a serious threat, the majority of deaths in recent years occurred due to inland flooding. Weather forecasters inform us that due to global climate change factors, most coastal areas in the southeast United States can expect an increasing number of hurricanes. Commercial and residential development along these coastal areas continues to grow. This kind of development increases the cost of storm damage in the event of a hurricane. Perhaps the most alarming statistic, however, is the growth in population along the coast and the resulting growth in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) with little increase in lane miles. Nationwide, there is a 72% growth in VMT with a corresponding 4% growth in lane miles. In 1993, approximately 35 million people lived in 22 coastal counties. It is estimated that by 2010, 76 million people will live in those same coastal counties. That is roughly doubling of the population with little new roadway infrastructure. Clearly, it is time to take advantage of every tool available to optimize the evacuation operation and performance of the transportation system.


The article presents an assessment of the effective use of directional wells as a way to increase the productivity of underground gas storage. It analyzes the solutions to the problem of gas inflow to a horizontal well based on the use of a flat model of filtration flows. Evaluation of the efficiency of operation of directional (horizontal) wells was carried out using the example of the Kushchevsky underground gas storage.


Concern regarding human induced changes in the chemical and radiative properties of our atmosphere through increased emission of trace gas species has received considerable attention. Effective models are needed to understand the future of ozone, global warming and other important anthropogenic perturbations before policy decisions can be considered. In order to model accurately, knowledge of the temporal and spatial trends in the emissions of the radiatively and chemically important trace species is required. Since many models are currently being used to understand these issues, model validation with experimental measurement becomes extremely important. Emissions inventories commonly pay a bridging role between atmospheric measurement and model studies.


Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which affects 2-3% of the U.S. population. The immune response in psoriasis includes enhanced activation of T cells and myeloid cells, platelet activation, and upregulation of interferons, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin (IL)s IL-23, IL-17, and IL-6, which are linked to vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis development. Patients with psoriasis are up to 50% more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CV) disease, and this CV risk increases with skin severity. Major society guidelines now advocate incorporating a psoriasis diagnosis into CV risk prediction and prevention strategies. While registry data suggest treatment targeting psoriasis skin disease reduces vascular inflammation, coronary plaque burden, and may reduce CV risk, randomized placebo-controlled trials are inconclusive to date. Further studies are required to define traditional CV risk factor goals, the optimal role of lipid-lowering and antiplatelet therapy, and targeted psoriasis therapies on CV risk. Condensed Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease linked to enhanced cardiovascular (CV) risk. The inflammatory milieu in psoriasis includes T-cells, myeloid cells, and cytokines such as interferons, TNF-α, and the interleukin (IL)s IL-23, IL-17, and IL-6, which are linked to atherosclerosis development. Guidelines now suggest incorporating a psoriasis diagnosis into CV risk prediction and prevention strategies. While observational data suggests treatment of psoriasis can reduce CV risk, randomized controlled trials assessing treatments to reduce CV risk Address for correspondence: Michael S. Garshick, Cardio-Rheumatology Program, Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, New York University Langone Health, 435 East 30th Street, 7th Floor, New York City, NY 10016, T 646-501-8361, F 212-263-7908, email@example.com, Twitter: @garshick. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author manuscript J Am Coll Cardiol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2022 April 06. Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 April 06; 77(13): 1670–1680. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.009. A uhor M anscript


A circularly polarized radar device is provided to prevent the waste of power by decreasing the loss of transmitted power and polarization loss, and to make the size small by reducing the influence of interference although two radar devices face each other. A circularly polarized radar device for obtaining a baseband signal by removing a transmitted leak signal without the loss of transmitted power is composed of a signal generator(301) generating two signals with phase difference of 180 degrees; first and second coupler blocks(302a,302b) receiving and transmitting two signals generated from the signal generator, to an antenna(403) and a mixer(106); the circularly polarized antenna receiving the signals from the first and second coupler blocks; a 90 degree-phase delay lag block(404) connected between the second coupler block and the input side of the antenna; a power combination unit(303) combining received signals input through the antenna and removing the received signal leaking from the first and second coupler blocks to a receiving stage; and the mixer receiving the signals from the first and second coupler blocks and mixing LO signals output from the first and second coupler blocks and a signal output from the power combination unit.


Tumor‐associated differentially expressed gene–15 (TADG‐15/matriptase/MT‐SP1) is a novel transmembrane serine protease involved in numerous biologic processes, including activation of growth and angiogenic factors and degradation of extracellular matrix components. To assess the value of TADG‐15 as a possible marker for tumor detection and/or as a target for therapeutic intervention, the authors investigated the frequency of expression of TADG‐15 in human cervical tumors.


Relationships among greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), biotypes B, C, E, and F were examined by comparison of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction patterns. MtDNA was isolated from isofemale lineages, and the restriction fragments produced by 10 restriction endonucleases were end-labeled with 32P-nucleoside triphosphates by the large fragment of E. coli polymerase I. Restriction digests were electrophoretically separated on 20-cm agarose gels and visualized by autoradiography. Estimates of nucleotide sequence divergence were calculated. For biotype comparison B versus C and B versus E, the total proportion of shared fragments (F) was 0.73 and 0.77, respectively. Corresponding estimates of nucleotide sequence divergence were 1.2% and 1.0% estimates indicate a long period of time since these biotypes shared a common ancestral mitochondrial genome. The mitochondrial genomes of C and E shared a greater proportion of fragments ( F = 0.96), with an estimated 0.17% sequence divergence. The mitochondrial data support previous conclusions about genetic divergence among biotypes B, C, and E drawn from chromosome-length measurements and multivariate analyses of alate males and females.


A study is being conducted on behalf of Missile Technology and Countermeasures (MTC3), Royal Aerospace Establishment, into the feasibility of an Advanced Airborne Electronic Warfare Technology Demonstrator (AAETD). This facility would provide a focus for the development of techniques and technologies for non-communications ESM (electronic support measures) systems. Support is planned for Tactical Surveillance Receiver (TSR), Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) and Anti-Radar Homing Receiver (ARHR) modes of operation. The AAETD will comprise both airborne and laboratory facilities. The authors describe the design philosophy, scope of the AAETD programme and present a feasibility study.


The aim of this study was to examine the impact of utilizing cliff board media on student learning outcomes in a first-grade class at SDN Rawadadi. The research method employed was experimental research, specifically utilizing a Pre-Experimental Design known as the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population for this study consisted of 20 first-grade students at SDN Rawadadi, and the entire population was selected as the sample. The results of the calculations indicated a T-count value of 5.748, which is greater than the T-table value of 1.734 in the T-test sample. Furthermore, the sig. (2-tailed) value was 0.000, which is less than 0.05, meeting the prerequisites for hypothesis testing. Therefore, the hypothesis was accepted. Based on the hypothesis testing data, it can be concluded that the utilization of cliff board media has a significant impact on student learning outcomes.


On May 5, 2020, the Global Ophthalmology community lost Dr Ramachandra Pararajasegaram (popularly known as Para), former Consultant, World Health Organization (WHO). He was 91 years old and is surv...


In this paper, we use the 3-PG model to establish the relationship between time and carbon sequestration function, further analyze the relationship between forest age and carbon sequestration based on the 3-PG model, and obtain the optimal forest management strategy aiming at the maximum carbon sequestration. In addition, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) model is established to deduce the transition points between optimal forest planning models from the mean values under different conditions. Finally, we use the 3-PG model to estimate the carbon sink values after 100 years. We refer to the 3-PG model and FCE to illustrate the necessity of moderate deforestation, which is beneficial to forest development and carbon sequestration.


With the development of Distance Education, it has already become a new kind of education and stand side by side with traditional education.The improvement of the Distance Education status requires us to put the relation between Distance Education and traditional education in order, here, we mainly discus the following relations:The relation of competition and corporation, the relation of their quality and their integration and supplementing.


BACKGROUND
Breast implants are biomaterials eliciting a physiological and mandatory foreign body response.

OBJECTIVES
We designed an animal study to investigate the impact of different implant surfaces on the formation of the perirprosthetic capsule, the inflammatory response and the cellular composition.

METHODS
We implanted 1 scaled-down version of breast implants by different manufactures on 70 female Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were divided into five groups of 14 animals. Group A received a smooth implant (Ra≈0.5µm) according to the ISO 14607-2018 classification, Group B smooth implant (Ra≈3.2µm), Group C smooth implant (Ra≈5µm), Group D macrotextured implant (Ra≈62µm) and Group E macrotextured implant (Ra≈75µm). At 60 days, all animals received a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 35 animals were sacrificed and their capsules sent for histology (capsule thickness, inflammatory infiltrate) and immunohistochemistry analysis (cellular characterization). The remaining animals repeated the MRI at 120 days and were sacrificed following the same protocol.

RESULTS
MRI showed a thinner capsule in the smooth implants (Group A, B, C) at 60 days (p < 0.001) but not at 120 days (p = 0.039), confirmed with histology both at 60 days (p = 0.005) and 120 days (p < 0.001). Smooth implants (Group A, B, C) presented a mild inflammatory response at 60 days that was maintained at 120 days and a high M2-Macrophage concentration (anti-inflammatory).

CONCLUSIONS
Our study confirms that smooth implants form a thinner capsule, inferior inflammatory infiltrate and a cellular composition that indicates a mild host inflammatory response. A new host inflammatory response classification is elaborated classifying breast implants into mild, moderate, and high.


This article reflects on how UK cities are very slowly adapting themselves to the changing world where growth economies, and particularly China, the world's second largest economy, have become the focus of global policy attention. Most UK cities, accustomed to a highly centralized state, are poor at any consistent international targeting, and especially poor out of their traditional US and Western European comfort zone, where the great majority of their exports still go. However, the China challenge—whether a city can hitch its particular supply to their particular demand—is probably the single most important economic challenge of the decade, and will determine whether a city experiences genteel decline or spurred growth.


In recent years, phenomena observed in two quite separate fields of study have led to the suggestion that radio waves may propagate through cold ice masses with sufficiently small loss by absorption to permit the thickness to be measured, and some information about the nature of the bottom surface to be derived by radar. This article describes first some work by the United States Army Signal Research and Development Laboratory arising out of spurious echoes noticed on radio altimeters (ground clearance indicators) carried by aircraft flying in the polar regions. Afterwards it reviews work at the Scott Polar Research Institute where unexpected phenomena on some IGY ionosondes operated in the Antarctic have led to the development of a radio instrument specifically to measure ice thickness.


This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum lnc-DC and SOCS1 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A total of 130 SLE patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, were selected as SLE group, which were divided into active phase (n=78) and stationary phase (n=52). Meanwhile, 125 healthy persons who underwent physical examination at the same time were selected as control group (CG), and their clinical related indexes (C-reactive protein (CRP), complement C3, C4, anti-ds-DNA antibody (Anti-ds-DNA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), ESR, activity index (SLEDAI) score of systemic lupus erythematosus and correlation were detected. The serum lnc-DC and SOCS1 expression levels in SLE were dramatically lower than those in CG (P < 0.05), and the two in active patients in SLE group were dramatically lower than those in stable patients (P < 0.05). They can be used to diagnose SLE and distinguish active and stationary phases of SLE patients. Pearson analysis revealed that they were positively correlated with C3 and C4 of SLE patients, and obviously negatively correlated with IgG, CRP, ESR, Anti-ds-DNA and SLEDAI scores. After follow-up investigation, 39 SLE patients relapsed, with a relapse rate of 30.00%. The serum lnc-DC and SOCS1 of relapse patients were markedly lower than those of patients without relapse (P < 0.05). Those can be used to predict the recurrence of prognosis. Pearson analysis showed that serum lnc-DC and SOCS1 were remarkably positively correlated in active and stable SLE patients (P < 0.001). lnc-DC and SOCS1 are correlated in SLE, which can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis prediction. And they have high research value in clinical practice.


: Coronavirus has impacted lives all around the world. The child population is possibly most vulnerable to its adverse psychosocial impact. Almost all countries have imposed the rule of 'Social Distancing', and as a result, the educational institutions are conducting virtual classes. The interaction between lifestyle changes and psychosocial stress caused by home confinement could further aggravate the detrimental effects on a child's mental health (#IndiaFightsCorona COVID-19, 2020; Dalton et. al., 2020; Lancker & Parolin, 2020; Golberstein et al., 2020; Wang et.al., 2020). The current study focuses on the psychosocial impact of these ongoing changes on adolescents. The data was collected from 114 students, between 12 to 18 years of age. A Survey-based exploratory design was used. The findings suggest that more than half of the population in the current study experienced loneliness. They had difficulty with change and experienced feelings of entrapment. Roughly half of the population experienced feelings of increased frustration among peers/siblings, Parents, and self. They also experienced being unhappy and underwent uncertainty-related stress. Students perceived themselves to be in significantly better general health before the pandemic. They experienced significantly less social dysfunction and a lack of self-confidence before. Higher age groups and females were seen to be more impacted and disturbed due to the impact of the pandemic. Those who felt that the changes in their lifestyle were significant; And those who felt more irritable than before, experienced a higher amount of social dysfunction, anxiety, lack of self-confidence, and deteriorating General Health.


We consider quantum key distribution implementations in which the receiver's apparatus is fixed and does not depend on his choice of basis at each qubit transmission. We show that, although theoretical quantum key distribution is proven secure, such implementations are totally insecure against a strong eavesdropper that has one-time (single) access to the receiver's equipment. The attack we present here, the "fixed-apparatus attack" causes a potential risk to the usefulness of several recent implementations.


Atlantic salmon embryos and alevins Salmo salar that had been exposed to isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) for 4 weeks, on transfer to fresh water, showed an increase in heart rate. Unexposed embryos and alevins showed a decrease in heart rate following transfer to 100 μmol l -1 ISDN for 4 h. This is in contrast to adult rainbow trout and higher vertebrates where tachycardia occurred in response to nitric oxide (NO) donors. The decreased heart rate in response to ISDN was inhibited by 2 mg l -1 methylene blue, indicating that NO activates cardiovascular events via guanylyl cyclase and cyclic guanidine monophosphate. Heart rate of rainbow trout alevins Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to 100 μmol l -1 aminoguanidine responded with a slowly developed but significant bradycardia over 10 min as did those reared in aminoguanidine for 4 weeks then transferred to fresh water. A potentiated increase in heart rate on exposure to the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), occurred within 1 min in salmon alevins reared in L-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) for 4 weeks, indicating up-regulation of NO receptors. The evidence for down-regulation of SNP-reared alevins exposed to L-NAME was less well defined. The results suggest that both salmonid embryos and alevins have a functional L-arginine NO pathway and that NO has a physiological role in control of cardiovascular events.


The objective of this study was to determine the fatty acid profile of raw and cooked (grilled, curried and fried) fish commonly consumed in Bahrain. Four most popular species of fish were purchased from the local market in Manama city, the capital of Bahrain. Fatty acids in raw and cooked fish were separated and quantitatively determined by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) using standard methods. The findings revealed that the predominant fatty acids in raw fish were palmitic, stearic, oleic, palmitoleic and linoleic acid (30.5-30.50, 3.6-8.8, 13.4-22.6, 6.7-14.1 and 1.3-2.0 mg/100 g respectively). With regard to cooking, curried and fried Pearlspotted Rabbitfish showed predominant changes in their fatty acid profiles.  In the omega-3 and omega-6 families the dominant fatty acids were eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (2.9-6.4 mg/100 g), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (1.5-14.8 mg/100 g) and arachidonic acid (AA) (2.0-5.2 mg/100 g). There was no consistent trend in the EPA/DHA ratio in all the four species of fish. Cooking increased polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), the most noticeable increase was again in Pearlspotted Rabbitfish. PUFA increased from 21.8 mg/100g to 50.0 mg/100 g in curried and 49.5 mg/100 g in the fried variety.

 Key words: Arabian Gulf, fish, cooking, fatty acid profile.The objective of this study was to determine the fatty acid profile of raw and cooked (grilled, curried and fried) fish commonly consumed in Bahrain. Four most popular species of fish were purchased from the local market in Manama city, the capital of Bahrain. Fatty acids in raw and cooked fish were separated and quantitatively determined by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) using standard methods. The findings revealed that the predominant fatty acids in raw fish were palmitic, stearic, oleic, palmitoleic and linoleic acid (30.5-30.50, 3.6-8.8, 13.4-22.6, 6.7-14.1 and 1.3-2.0 mg/100 g respectively). With regard to cooking, curried and fried Pearlspotted Rabbitfish showed predominant changes in their fatty acid profiles.  In the omega-3 and omega-6 families the dominant fatty acids were eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (2.9-6.4 mg/100 g), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (1.5-14.8 mg/100 g) and arachidonic acid (AA) (2.0-5.2 mg/100 g). There was no consistent trend in the EPA/DHA ratio in all the four species of fish. Cooking increased polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), the most noticeable increase was again in Pearlspotted Rabbitfish. PUFA increased from 21.8 mg/100g to 50.0 mg/100 g in curried and 49.5 mg/100 g in the fried variety.

 Key words: Arabian Gulf, fish, cooking, fatty acid profile.


Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of sexual transmitted diseases (STDs) in Yongjia county from 2004 to 2009 and discuss the prevention and treatment strategy. Methods The data of STDs in Yongjia county from January 1,2004 to December 31,2009 were collected from national diseases reporting information system and analyzed by using Excel and SPSS. Results The incidence of STDs increased during this period,syphilis,pointed condyloma and gonorrhea were the major diseases. Extramarital sexual contact was the main transmission route. Most cases were farmers and migrant workers. Conclusion Commercial sex behavior caused the fast spread of STDs,so it is necessary to strengthen advising and health education among high risk population to prevent and control STDs.


Taking the high-speed CNC turning center as research object,its finite element model was built based on joint surface.Dynamic characteristics of the machine tool were analyzed.Each order natural frequency and vibration mode map were obtained.The weak link affecting the whole machine tools dynamic characteristics was found out.Through improving structure of adjustment mat,the machine tool first-order natural frequency is prompted and dynamic performance of the whole machine tools is improved.


The paper identifies a condition under which favouritism is beneficial to the principal even when the favoured agent is selected randomly. This paper also characterizes how the optimal incentive scheme changes in presence of random favouritism. Using a moral hazard framework with limited liability it is shown that in presence of favouritism principal can optimally decrease monetary incentive when the potentially favoured group size is small. Inspite of a fall in optimal effort the paper predicts that favouritism can emerge as an optimal outcome when return of the firm is low.


We describe an algorithm for automatic classification of idiomatic and literal expressions. Our starting point is that idioms and literal expressions occur in different contexts. Idioms tend to violate cohesive ties in local contexts, while literals are expected to fit in. Our goal is to capture this intuition using a vector representation of words. We propose two approaches: (1) Compute inner product of context word vectors with the vector representing a target expression. Since literal vectors predict well local contexts, their inner product with contexts should be larger than idiomatic ones, thereby telling apart literals from idioms; and (2) Compute literal and idiomatic scatter (covariance) matrices from local contexts in word vector space. Since the scatter matrices represent context distributions, we can then measure the difference between the distributions using the Frobenius norm. We provide experimental results validating the proposed techniques.


The photocatalytic reaction pathways undergone by Pb(II) ions in UV-irradiated TiO 2 suspensions are described. It is shown that these species can participate in both electron-mediated (reductive) as well as hole-mediated (oxidative) photoreaction pathways depending on platinization of the TiO 2 surface, the ambient atmosphere (whether O 2 or N 2 ), and the presence of co-added organic substrates such as aliphatic alcohols. Even the counterions for Pb(II), namely nitrate, can play an important role in the reductive reaction pathway.