"Tell me where is fancy bred, or in the heart or in the head?"—William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, Act III, Scene 2 Today's neuroscientist has no hesitation answering Shakespeare's question taken literally: of course love and desire are generated in the brain, that heady organ in charge of all our thoughts and feelings. Therefore, it must be the brain that is responsible for most men being sexually attracted to women and for most women being sexually attracted to men. Starting in 1985, several structural sex differences were described in the human brain (1), including the third interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus (INAH3), which has a greater volume in men than in women (2). But there was no way to know which, if any, of these neural sexual dimorphisms were responsible for the robust human sex difference in sexual partner preference. Then in 1991, Simon LeVay (3) not only replicated the sex difference in human INAH3 but reported that the nucleus in homosexual men was indistinguishable from that of women, i.e. significantly smaller than in heterosexual men. Suddenly it became plausible to think that possessing a large INAH3 might cause a person to be attracted to women, whereas having a small INAH3 might cause a person to be attracted to men. In this issue, Charles Roselli et al. (4) describe a sexually dimorphic hypothalamic nucleus in sheep, another mammalian species in which a minority of males display a lasting preference for mating with males rather than with females. Furthermore, they find that those rams that prefer mounting males have a smaller nucleus in this brain region than do rams that prefer mounting ewes. These observations lend strong support to the idea that the structure of the anterior hypothalamus in mammals influences sexual orientation in males. To understand the context of this finding, we first have to deal with some confusing issues of terminology. The region of the anterior hypothalamus known as the preoptic area (POA) has long been implicated in male sexual behavior. Lesions of this region in males, across a wide variety of vertebrate species, cause the animals to lose interest in mating with females (5). So it was perfectly reasonable for Roger Gorski and colleagues (6) to look for sexual dimorphisms in the rat POA, and they struck gold. Within the POA was a subregion that in Nissl stain is five to six times greater in volume in male rats than in females. Impressed by the findings in rats, Dick Swaab and Eric Fliers (1) of The Netherlands Institute for Brain Research found a nucleus in the POA of humans that was larger in men than in women, so they named it the sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN)-POA. Unfortunately, when Gorski's group examined the human POA, they were unable to decide which of the several nuclei there were homologous to the rat SDN-POA. So they named the four neuron groups the INAH and numbered them, starting with the group Swaab and Fliers termed the SDN-POA ( INAH1). Gorski's group found that INAH3 was larger in men than in women (2), a finding that LeVay would later replicate. Unfortunately, neither Gorski's group nor LeVay found a sexual dimorphism in INAH1, failing to replicate Swaab and Fliers' findings, which may represent a matter of statistical power, because the Dutch group have much larger sample sizes (7). Given this complicated nomenclature, the Roselli group decided to call the nucleus in the sheep POA the ovine SDN (oSDN). This title represents a strictly descriptive name (it's larger in males than in females), without taking a stand on whether it is homologous with the rat SDN-POA and/or the human INAH3. That's a wise decision because there is no sure way to determine whether any of these nuclei are homologous across species. So we cannot be sure that the oSDN is homologous with the human INAH3, but they are definitely in roughly the same part of the brain. Plus in both species, the nuclei are smaller in those minority of males that are sexually attracted to other males, which certainly suggests that the two nuclei (homologous or not) are involved in sexual attraction in male mammals. Of course, Shakespeare was also posing a deeper question. Do we hit upon the object of our affection through carefully considered, rational analysis of the sort we might use in selecting tires for an automobile, or through emotional reactions, which are often so difficult to understand, far less to explain to others? Most people, even scientists, would agree that sexual attraction is more a matter of emotion than intellectual reflection if for no other reason than because it often seems so arbitrary. Before you object that surely there is a continuum of attractiveness, remember that the vast majority of people are attracted exclusively to people of the opposite sex, and find same-sex individuals completely unacceptable as potential mates. This dichotomy of desire is so pervasive in our culture, so automatic in our response to other people, that it's easy to overlook how truly strange it is. How can half the population regard Brad Pitt as dreamy, whereas the other half feels absolutely no attraction to him at all? How did each of us come to be so finicky that we find billions of people totally unworthy as sexual partners? And does this selectivity result from a choice made during childhood? "Let's see, I'll have gym at school today, so I'll wear white socks and tennis shoes. Gosh, as long as I'm making decisions I guess I better be attracted to girls for the rest of my life, too." If we don't use our head to decide which gender to lust after, maybe the decision is made somewhere even further down than our heart. Neuroendocrinologists' work on nonhuman animals offers a theory that the gonads play a role in sexual orientation. In mammalian models, a testicular hormonal signal—androgen—masculinizes the developing genAbbreviations: INAH, Interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus; oSDN, ovine SDN; POA, preoptic area; SDN, sexually dimorphic nucleus.


This paper presents spatially robust far-field microphone beamformers and nullformers derived using the von Mises and von Mises-Fisher distributions to model the expected direction of arrival. Simple analytic expressions are presented for 2D and 3D far-field correlation functions and used to design spatially robust beamformers and nullformers. It is demonstrated that the spatially robust beamformers show a modest improvement in tolerating uncertainty in the target direction of arrival without incurring a significant penalty in terms of SINR performance compared with the MVDR beamformer. In addition, the spatially robust formulation shows significantly improved numerical robustness, indicating improved ability in tolerating intrinsic array errors.


The growing number of older adults returning to postsecondary education has created not only a new trend but a new tradition in higher education. Understanding how classroom experiences impact their perceptions of belonging as well as influence their motivation, retention, and learning becomes critical. The aim of this research was to conduct a qualitative study with learners 55 years and older, situated in an intergenerational classroom, to gain insight and understanding of their perception of belonging and its effects on them as older learners. Using indepth interviews, qualitative questionnaires, and journal entries, this study explored the experiences and perceptions of belonging among 21 learners, 55 and older, from two postsecondary institutions. Findings from this grounded theory study describe several classroom conditions responsible for contributing to the experience of belonging among older learners. These findings suggest that experiences of belonging not only acted as motivational and belonging factors but also had mediating effects on the view of the self among these older learners as well. Results from this study confirm past research and add to the limited research on experiences of belonging among adult learners over 55 years in an intergenerational classroom.


This study evaluates the usefulness of endoscopic repair in certain types of facial fractures (orbital floor, isolated zygomatic arch and isolated anterior table frontal sinus fractures).Endoscopic application in otorhinolaryngology has expanded into many areas including facial plastic surgery and facial trauma (orbital blow-out, frontal sinus, zygomatic arch, and subcondylar fractures), therefore limiting the use of incisions for exposure. Endoscopically assisted facial bone surgery can be performed with many advantages, including: magnified direct visualization, decreased scarring, avoidance of numbness beyond the incision line, greater acceptability to the patient, decreased complication rate and short hospitalization. For assessment of the value of endoscopy in repair of certain facial fractures, we selected 12 consented patients with either orbital floor fracture, isolated zygomatic arch fracture or isolated anterior table frontal sinus fracture to be involved in our study after stabilizing the general condition. The patients were evaluated preoperatively by an ophthalmologist and all had complete CT study including coronal, axial (both bony and soft-tissue windows), sagital and 3D images. The patients were analyzed for sex, age, time of surgery, pre/postoperative symptoms; including ophthalmic symptoms, facial paraesthesia and aesthetic problems. The results of our endoscopic approach were evaluated esthetically and functionally to be classified into good, fair and poor results. We also classified the level of the surgery according to its difficulty into difficult, average and easy surgical performance.Good results were achieved in 8fractures (42%); fair in 8fractures (42%) and finally 3fractures (16%) with poor endoscopic result. The performed surgery considered easy in 9 (41%) patients, average in 6 (31%) patients and difficult in 4 (21%) patients. All patients had no significant complications. Conclusion: Endoscopic repair appears to be a safe and effective technique for repairing certain types of facial fracture.


Intermdoulation in passive devices is known as Passive intermodulation (PIM). It often becomes a serious interfere especially in base-station antennas in a mobile wireless communication system. In antenna PIM measurement, it is difficult to distinguish the self-PIM from the one from other surrounding PIM sources [1] [2]. Although standard PIM generator is attractive to solve this kind of problem, it is also difficult to realize it as an antenna because the operating frequency of an antenna depends on its application. Therefore it is useful if a standard antenna that can generate fixed PIM level and control the generated PIM level. It would be effective to assess the quality of a measurement environment. In this paper, an antenna with level-controllable PIM sources is discussed. Through several experiments on a patch antenna, we propose several methods to control the generated PIM level. Specifically, we confirm the validity of a circular patch antenna with a diode-loaded parasitic element, and achieve the maximum controllable PIM-range of 55dB for 43dBm excitation.


Review of A Male President for Mt. Holyoke College: The Failed Fight to Maintain Female Leadership, 1934-1937 by Ann Karus Meeropol.


Safe coexistence of industrial robots and human operators in the same workspace is one of the long standing goals of robotics research. One way to enforce safety is to endow the robotic system with additional sensors that can to some extent monitor the environment surrounding the robot and allow fast reaction to unexpected obstacles. This paper discusses the design of one such anti-collision system based on a laser Time-Of-Flight distance sensor. Integration of the external controller in the hardware and software architecture of a commercial industrial robot controller is discussed. Experimental results show fast response of the system to various obstacles


The more and more attention was paid on application of the key devices and new technology in the construction of new data process center establishment. From the side wind heat-dissipating design,the door of water cooling,management of cabling and integration ground system,the NetAccess cabinet was introduced. The emphases were paid on expounding how to resolve the question of the modern computer rooms' heat-dissipating, energy saving and energy consumption reduction.


STS education is science(science),technology(technology),social(society) of education abbreviation.A questionnaire survey research method,by choosing STS knowledge evaluation index system,and cognitive characteristics of STS,STS system,a comprehensive survey of knowledge of the cognitive characteristics of high school students,learning of the knowledge of the factors that STS students,raised on this basis STS ability of students strategies to enter the STS scholars cited more substantive cognitive characteristics study,but also for the new curriculum reform to try to do some good.


To investigate the feasibility of the continuous wave (CW) upgrade [1] of the European X-ray free electron laser (XFEL), on-going tests are performed on XFEL prototype and production cryomodules since 2011. For these studies, DESY's cryomodule test bench (CMTB) has been equipped with a 105 kW CW capable inductive output tube (IOT) in addition to the 10 MW pulsed klystron, making CMTB a very flexible test stand, enabling both CW and pulsed operation. XFEL-like low level radio frequency (LLRF) electronics is used for these tests to stabilize amplitude and phase of the voltage vector sum (VS) of all 8 cavities of the cryomodule under test. The cryomodule most often tested is the pre-series XM-3, unique since it is housing one fine grain niobium and seven large grain niobium cavities. Modified flanges were installed in autumn 2017 on all 8 input couplers to increase the maximum reachable loaded quality factor (QL) beyond 2E7. With higher QL, up to 6E7 for 6 cavities and 3E7 for 2 cavities, we have investigated the VS stability and SRF-performance of this cryomodule under various conditions of cooling down rate and operation temperature 1.65K, 1.8K and 2K, at gradients up to 21.5 MV/m. The results of these tests are presented in this paper.


(57) Abstract: Dental porcelain composition, in one embodiment, an amorphous glass phase having the following (I) aging temperature below about 850 ° C. consisting. : Ingredient Amount


A 15-year-old boy presented with a 2-year history of scalp changes. Physical examination revealed convoluted folds and furrows in a cerebriform pattern located in the parietooccipital region. Most of the folds had an anteroposterior disposition (Figures 1 and 2). The physical examination did not reveal any other significant skin lesions or bony abnormalities. The patient had no history of any neurologic or ophthalmologic disorders. Routine laboratory test and brain computed tomography findings were normal. A skin biopsy was done (Figure 3).


The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP‐1) is a widely studied malaria vaccine candidate. The C‐terminal 19‐kDa portion of MSP‐1 (MSP‐119) is of particular interest because this polypeptide moiety remains bound to the parasite even after erythrocyte invasion, while the remainder of MSP‐1 is shed during invasion. Studies have shown that antibodies against MSP‐119 inhibit merozoite invasion of erythrocytes efficiently, and that MSP‐119 produces protective immunity in mice and monkeys. To investigate the efficacy of MSP‐119 DNA vaccine and role of GPI anchor moiety in the immunogenicity of MSP‐119, we constructed expression vectors that produce MSP‐119 as either secretory or GPI‐anchored polypeptide. Both constructs efficiently expressed MSP‐119 in transfected HEK‐293 cells. While the recombinant plasmid lacking GPI anchor signal sequence expressed MSP‐119 mainly as secreted polypeptide, that containing GPI anchor signal sequence produced GPI‐anchored MSP‐119 on cell surface. In immunized mice, both constructs produced substantial levels of MSP‐119‐specific IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, IgA and IgM antibodies. In both cases, the IgG1 level was significantly higher than other isotypes. Interestingly, the plasmid containing GPI anchor signal sequence produced significantly higher levels of IgG2a and IgG2b than the plasmid that lacks GPI signal sequence.


The self-inductance of a rotating spot flux pump is responsible for the drop of output voltage from the pump. The magnitude of this effect referred to as the "armature reaction" has been studied in this paper. It is shown that this reaction is a function of the current generated, the speed of rotation, and the shape of the magnetic poles used in the excitation of the pump. A few suggestions have been given for the construction of pumps with reduced armature reaction.


This study aims to determine the physical condition of POMNAS athletes in North Maluku badminton sport in 2019. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The subjects of this study were all athletes who participated in POMNAS of North Maluku badminton sport as many as 4 people. Data collection techniques using tests and measurements namely physical condition tests which include: a) strength (muscle strength of the fingers, arm and shoulder muscle strength, leg muscle strength, back muscle strength), b) explosive power (arm and shoulder explosive power, leg muscle explosiveness, c) flexibility, d) speed, e) muscle endurance (stomach muscle endurance, arm and shoulder muscle endurance, leg muscle endurance and f) heart-lung endurance. The results of the study illustrate that the average level of physical condition of the North Maluku sports branch of POMNAS in 2019 is in the good category


Unconstrained energy resource development in the Rocky Mountain west is likely to threaten the environment and the health and well-being of the people. Impacts may be associated with visibility degradation, toxic concentrations of gases, and deposition of acidic or toxic substances. Because the possible benefits of energy development in the region are very large, there is great concern that constraints imposed by air quality regulation may preclude the use of important resources or make unduly expensive energy produced from the region. The conflict between energy and clean air in the region is exacerbated by non-energy sources, such as copper smelters and urban areas, that already pose significant environmental threats. The hard policy question is not how to preserve clean air resources or how to develop energy but how to achieve and balance both goals. The effects and regulatory costs and benefits of air pollution control are discussed, and policy directions to protect air quality while pursuing energy development are presented.


This paper presents a novel fabrication technology for wafer level hermetic encapsulated MEMS micro scanning mirrors. This wafer level package enables vacuum operation of the electrostatically driven resonant scanners reducing the required driving voltage and enhancing the mechanical deflection angle even at resonance frequencies of more than 100 kHz. Two nearly independently structured 30 microns thick epipoly silicon layers offer a high design variability due to the possibility to create active silicon structures with two different thicknesses. A buried isolated interconnection layer between the two thick epipoly silicon layers enables the fabrication of lateral feedthroughs which are vital to set up a hermetic package. A structured glass wafer with up to 900 microns deep cavities seals the device wafer at the front side via anodic bonding. An AuSi-eutectic bonded silicon wafer completes the wafer scale vacuum packaging process.


ports – qua title so to say – to be somewhat comprehensive and thus much more than a mere 'guide of sorts'. This implied promise is, of course, hard to fulfil. Yet considering the format of the Historical Dictionary series, which takes the discrete modern nation state as its unit of analysis, this unfulfilled promise is perhaps a welcome counterpoint to the potential reification of its very unit of analysis. There is no doubt that theHistorical Dictionary of Niger serves as an ideal entry point and stepping stone for further research into issues related to Niger. Although some areas are covered more intensely than others (there is more on party politics than on Nigérien music, poetry and film-making, for example), I strongly recommend it to students and scholars interested in Niger.


Essential values are the general viewpoints of the people in a culture on human nature, nature, time, activity and social relationships which come into being under the influences of history, religion, science and other elements. Different essential values will lead to different social behaviors, which may affects cross-culture communication.


Lexically-specific phonological alternations are now well -known to have skewed distributions in the lexicon: languages rarely, if ever, have 50% of their words undergoin g a alternation (Ernestus & Baayen 2003). In Turkish, word-final stops become voiced upon the addition of a vowel-initial suffix (amaÙ ∼ amaÃ-1 'goal') in some nouns, while other nouns ( aÙ ∼ aÙ-1 'hunger') resist the alternation (Lees 1961 et seq.). Wheth er a given noun undergoes this alternation depends on w rd size: short nouns resist the voicing alternation more than longer nouns. The literature offers three differe nt types of accounts for the effect of word-size on the distribution of alternations within the lexicon: (a) sy llable-based, where initial syllables enjoy special faithfulness protection, (b) mora-based, where bi-moraic minimality protects CVC words from alternations, and (c) lexical-neighborhood-based, where a word's neighb ors (Luce & Pisoni 1998) inhibit its propensity to undergo an alternation. In this paper, we offer a statisti cal study of Turkish and its mirror image, Russian, which shows that the syllable-based account offers the best description of the variability in the data. We use this result to motivate an initial-syllable faithfulne ss analysis of the word-size skewing of final voicing alternations. (1) Turkish lexicon (Inkelas et al. 2000)


Abstract: Cyclic AMP accumulation in brain slices incubated with adenosine or the adenosine analogue 2‐chloroadenosine was examined in different areas of rat cerebral cortex following a unilateral injection of FeCl2 solution into the sensorimotor cortex to induce chronic epileptic activity. In the epileptic cortex, cyclic AMP accumulation in cortical slices was elicited three‐ to 11‐fold by adenosine. The elicitation by adenosine of cyclic AMP accumulation was markedly inhibited by the adenosine antagonist 8‐phenyltheophylline. In anterior cortical areas of rats in which the appearance of electrographic isolated spikes was dominant either ipsilateral or contralateral to the injection site 8 days or more after the injection, the adenosine‐elicited accumulation of cyclic AMP was greater on the side of dominant spike activity than on the other. In anterior cortical areas of rats showing nearly equal spike activity on the two sides 19 days or more after the injection, the cyclic AMP accumulation was greater on the side ipsilateral to the injection site than on the other. In anterior and posterior cortical areas of rats showing spike‐and‐wave complexes and isolated spikes 1 month or more after the injection, the cyclic AMP accumulation was greater on the ipsilateral side than on the other. Similar regional differences in the adenosine‐elicited accumulation of cyclic AMP were detected in the presence of the adenosine uptake inhibitor dipyridamole or the phosphodiesterase inhibitor dl‐4‐(3‐butoxy‐4‐methoxybenzyl)‐2‐imidazolidinone (Ro 20–1724). The cyclic AMP accumulation was elicited five‐ to 17‐fold by 2‐chloroadenosine, in which case the elicitation was markedly inhibited by 8‐phenyltheophylline. Regional differences in the 2‐chloroadenosine‐elicited accumulation of cyclic AMP were similar to those with adenosine and were detected in the presence of Ro 20–1724 or adenosine deaminase. The regional differences which correlated with the electrographic discharge patterns were due mainly to persistent changes in cyclic AMP accumulation on the primary epileptic side. These results suggest that alterations in adenosine‐sensitive cyclic AMP generation in the cortex are associated with the neurochemical process leading to chronic iron‐induced epilepsy.


the eruption had disappeared after one injection of 0 * 375 gr. and four of 0 * 75. As his home was at some distance treatment was discontinued at this point and has never had to be resumed, the improvement continuing steadily. Six months later there were faint indications of the disease on both forearms. A point noticed in both these cases during the course of treatment was an excessive vascular instability of the skin; this disappeared after treatment was discontinued.


Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been shown to be effective in treating chronic pain in patients with varying etiologies. However, the impact of pharmacological treatment on augmenting response to SCS has not been previously studied.


The author examines the economics underlying IPO allocation processes to assess whether the system is in need of the reforms so many have called for and whether proposed regulatory reforms calling for retail investor access would be economically sound and socially optimal. The author first discusses proposed reforms and regulatory reactions to current IPO allocation practices. The author then economically compares the predominant bookbuilding method with pro-rata auction allocation, and argues that a random auction or an equal access legal rule, would substitute sound economics for unattainable egalitarian concerns. Moreover, after examining the economics of the existing IPO allocation paradigm, the author demonstrates that even if shares were allocated in pro rata fashion, retail investors would not be better off. In addition, the author draws on economic theory addressing value diversion by corporate management (insider trading, for example) to determine whether it is economically and socially desirable to have a law regulating the allocation of IPOs to corporate management. In applying this economic theory to the allocation problem, the author argues that it is economically unsound to impose legal rules on allocation practices. Rather, private contractual arrangements and company-specific policies addressing IPO allocations would be a more efficient alternative than legal rules banning allocation to corporate executives all together.


On the basis of other people's researches, the basic physical and surface characters of ultrafine ground calcium carbonate are summarized. The technical parameters of ground calcium carbonate for paper industry are also given. An advanced process is introduced, including the pretreatment of the selected minerals, the special purpose, conditions and process in this wet grinding method. The present situation, application, and also the future directions of development of ground calcium carbonate, in paper industry, are indicated. In this process, a pretreatment of ground calcium carbonate mineral origin is taken into account to obtain a slurry with close grain size distribution, which is more suitable for paper making. And a mature vertical mill system with large chamber volume, small grinding media, highly effective separating system, well-resistant materials and an automatic control panel, is recommended.


Empathy is one of the virtues that should be owned by health care providers. In the doctor–patient relationship, empathy enables health care providers to win not only the confidence of the patients, but also assisting them to accept their state of illness and disease. As to the fact that medical students have a high knowledge of empathy in line with the study periods, empathic relation is often absent in doctor–patient relationship. This study is intended to look at the relationship between the length of studies and the knowledge of empathy. This cross-sectional study applied Baron-Cohen Empathy Quotient to collect data from 98 respondents at Atma Jaya School of Medicine, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, academic years of 2013 (third year) and 2015 (the first year). The study revealed that 49 respondents have a higher level of empathy knowledge and 49 others at the lower one. Among the higher knowledge of empathy, 73.47% (n=36) had lower knowledge of empathy compared to 26.53% (n=13) at the higher one. Among the lower knowledge of empathy, 91.84% (n=45) had lower knowledge of knowledge compared to 8.16% (n=4) at the higher one. A total of 76.47% respondents with a higher knowledge of empathy (n=17) were the third year students (academic year 2013), whereas the 23.52% are the first year students (academic year 2015). This study has proven the relation between the length studies (academic years) with the knowledge level of empathy. Keywords:  empathy; knowledge of empathy; Atma Jaya School of Medicine; teaching empathy


Abstract U-Net is the go-to approach for biomedical segmentation applications. However, it is not designed to segment overlapping objects, a challenge Mask R-CNN has shown to have great potential in. Yet, Mask R-CNN receives little attention in biomedicine. Hence, we evaluate both approaches on a publicly available biomedical dataset. We find that Mask RCNN outperforms U-Net in segmenting overlapping cells and achieves comparable performance if they do not intersect. Our study provides valuable decision support to practitioners in selecting an appropriate method when solving instance segmentation tasks using deep learning, as well as important insights into enhancing the accuracy of such approaches in biomedical image analysis.


The structural optimization of some bracket was realized by organically combining dynamic finite element method with genetic algorithm.On the basis of acquiring corresponding response through transient dynamic analysis on the finite element model of the bracket,the parameterized finite element model and mathematic model of the bracket were built,and genetic algorithm program was written and got ideal weight reduction effect.The method of dynamic analysis and structural optimization has certain reference value for structural optimization of other components.


This article revisits and reassesses the evolution of Italian capitalism during the so called "economic miracle" (1950–1973). Using original sources, it analyzes how the average small, private firm, representing the vast majority of Italian businesses at the time, struggled to fully develop, grow, and modernize. The paper identifies the main source of the problem in a set of inefficient (or poorly-enforced) laws and regulations that allowed firms to remain competitive, and business owners to extract resources out of them, using a wide variety of borderline strategies. This article also claims that accountants (commercialisti) had a key role in implementing these strategies.


The article presents the results of comparing the crisis management strategies realized by the enterprises of the fuel-energy complex in Russia and in the United States of America two developed countries of the world, which are oriented to the export of oil and oil products.


With the advent of cognitive radio technology, new paradigms for spectrum access can achieve nearoptimal spectrum utilisation by letting each user sense and utilise available spectrum opportunistically while regulating the interference it imposes on other users through interference constraints. However, the most common forms of binary and transmitter-centric constraints are often inef cient since they only consider pair-wise sets of transmitters and prohibit any interference at receivers. In line with the recently proposed interference temperature metric, we propose a non-binary receivercentric constraints model that constraints whole subsets of transmitters and is easy to generate and test. By permitting interfering signals to be introduced, additional communication can be supported, leading to improved spectrum utilisation in cognitive radio networks compared with using transmitter-centric constraints. This is veri ed intuitively as well as through numerical experiments. Our proposed constraints are currently being used to devise a co-operative negotiated etiquette for cognitive radios offering heterogeneous services in a wireless of ce networking scenario.1 1A preliminary version of this paper has been submitted to the IEEE CogNet 2007 Workshop.


Some advocates of far higher capital requirements for banks invoke the Modigliani-Miller theorem as grounds for judging that associated costs would be minimal. The M&M theorem holds that the average cost of capital to the firm is independent of capital structure, because any reduction in capital cost from switching to higher leverage using lower-cost debt is exactly offset by an induced increase in the unit cost of higher-cost equity capital as a consequence of the associated rise in risk. Statistical tests for large US banks in 2002–13 find that less than half of this M&M offset attains in practice. Higher capital requirements would thus impose increases in lending costs, with associated output costs from lower capital formation. These costs to the economy would need to be compared with benefits from lower risk of banking crises to arrive at optimal levels of capital requirements.


The queueing system when the server become idle is not new. Miller [1] was the first to study such a model, where the server is unavailable during some random length of time for the M/G/1 queueing system. The M/G/1 queueing models of similar nature have also been reported by a number of authors, since Levy and Yechiali [2] included several types of generalizations of the classical M/G/1 queueing system. These generalizations are useful in model building in many real life situations such as digital communication, computer network, and production/inventory system [3–5]. At present, however, most studies are devoted to batch arrival queues with vacation because of its interdisciplinary character. Considerable efforts have been devoted to study these models by Baba [6], Lee and Srinivasan [7], Lee et al. [8, 9], Borthakur and Choudhury [10], and Choudhury [11, 12] among others.However, the recent progress ofMX/G/1 type queueing models of this nature has been served by Chae and Lee [13] and Medhi [14]. In 2002, Choudhury [15] studied the MX/G/1 queueing model with vacation times. By using the supplementary variable technique [16] he established the corresponding queueing model and obtained the queue size distribution at a stationary (random) aswell as a departure point of timeunder multiple vacation policy based on the following hypothesis. "The time-dependent solution of the model converges to a nonzero steady-state solution." By reading the paper we find that the previous hypothesis, in fact, implies the following two hypothesis. Hypothesis 1. The model has a nonnegative time-dependent solution.


The paper is devoted to questions on increasing of noise immunity of GPS/INS navigation systems containing GPS and inertial navigation systems. Analysis of effectual methods for digital processing of noisy signals of GPS/INS navigation systems is actual task. At the same time there is another direction of development of GPS navigation systems, based on modification of aerial tract and filtration devices. Different adaptive methods of multi-aerial receipt can be stressed out as an example. As regards the filtration method, there are some additional possibilities for filtration of noisy GPS signals upon presence of a priory or a posteriori data on energy-frequency characteristics of noise signal. The comparative analysis of methods for increasing of noise immunity of integrated GPS/INS navigation systems is carried out. The possibility for optimization of averaged integrated value of modified indicator, named as effective ratio of power of carrier signal on noise power regarding the case of utilization of noise signals pertaining to broad class of noise signals characterized by presence of integrated limitation condition imposed on amplitude-frequency spectrum. The optimization task on increase of averaged integrated parameter indicating the effective value of ratio of power of carrier signal on power of noise signal is formulated. Solution of formulated optimization task make it possible to formulate recommendations for increasing the noise immunity of GPS/INS based navigation systems for some limited class of utilized jamming noise. The methodic to increase noise immunity of GPS targeting systems in condition of jamming noise is suggested.


In order to decrease the maintainence cost of equipments,the displacement repair of the big gear in gear meshing was discussed.The paper presents the necessary condition and its principle displacament in respect of gear repair.It makes repair of the big gear in gear meshing feasible both in economy and the technology.Spreading this technology will bring the greater benefit for mine and metallurgy enterprises.


We report on a systematic and sensitive search for pulsars and transient sources in the nearby spiral galaxy M33, conducted at 1.4 GHz with the Arecibo telescope's seven-beam receiver system, ALFA. Data were searched for both periodic and aperiodic sources, up to 1000 pc cm−3 in dispersion measure and on timescales from ∼50 μs to several seconds. The galaxy was sampled with 12 ALFA pointings, or 84 pixels in total, each of which was searched for 2–3 hr. We describe the observations, search methodologies, and analysis strategies applicable to multibeam systems, and comment on the data quality and statistics of spurious events that arise due to radio frequency interference. While these searches have not led to any conclusive signals of periodic or transient nature that originate in the galaxy, they illustrate some of the underlying challenges and difficulties in such searches and the efficacy of simultaneous multiple beams in the analysis of search output. The implied limits are ≲5 μJy Mpc2 in luminosity (at 1400 MHz) for periodic sources in M33 with duty cycles ≲5%. For short-duration transient signals (with pulse widths ≲100 μs ), the limiting peak flux density is 100 mJy, which would correspond to a 5σ detection of bright giant pulses (∼20 kJy) from Crab-like pulsars if located at the distance of M33. We discuss the implications of our null results for various source populations within the galaxy and comment on the future prospects to conduct even more sensitive searches with the upcoming next-generation instruments including the Square Kilometer Array and its pathfinders.


The earth's climate has always been changing. The impacts of climate change include biodiversity losses, rise in sea levels, shifts in weather patterns, changes in freshwater supply and an increase in extreme weather events such as floods and droughts as well as glacial melting and various health impacts. Major concerns are the threats to food, water, health and energy security. Pakistan is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Coping with 'Dengue' correctly is biggest challenge at the moment for people of Pakistan. Subsequent infection with a different type increases the risk of severe complications. As there is no vaccine, prevention is sought by reducing the habitat and the number of mosquitoes and limiting exposure to bites. All over Pakistan the spray campaigns have been run by provincial governments to eradicate the dengue fever but Punjab government seem to be struggling in getting rid of the dengue mosquito, its told that use substandard spray material does not turned out effective in eradicating the mosquitoes in Punjab and this contributed to dengue fever outreach. KEYWORD: The earth's climate health dengue fever outreach. Raza et al. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research www.ejpmr.com 128 Pakhtunkhwah 25 cases were reported, out of which 3 deaths and in Azad Jammu Kashmir 5 cases were reported with similar death rate. According to some more reports, the yearly report further stated that 40 cases were reported from Hyderabad, nine from Larkana, eight from Mirpurkhas, seven from Umerkot and six from Jamshoro. Reported data shown, 6147 patients of dengue out of which 5715 belongs to Lahore city. All over Pakistan city of Lahore is found to be more active in terms of dengue outreach. Despite of several claims by Punjab government, they are not yet able to eradicate the mosquitoes from the city. Moreover, 20 million climate refugees in Pakistan was prepared in just one incident, which is known to be 10 percent of the total global estimate of 200 million climate refugees by 2050. Climate plays a significant role in the temporal distribution of diseases that are borne and transmitted through vectors. The effects of climate change in various parts of the world help vector animals thrive in particular climate conditions. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), malaria is supposed to be most lethal disease now. However, new reports shown the world's fastest growing vector-borne disease is dengue, with a 30-fold increase in disease incidence over the last 50 years. [9] According to the World Bank study report, rising temperatures and humidity levels are also likely to increase the transmission of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever and encephalitis. Studies predicted that an increase of three to four degrees Celsius in average temperatures can double the reproduction rate of the dengue virus. Hence, malaria is greatly influenced by changing climatic patterns and the degree of immunity among the infected people. The major climatic changes and effects on malaria on transmission are temperature, precipitation and humidity. Moreover, it was noticed that the temperature range of 20 to 30 degrees Celsius is generally optimal for the development and transmission of the malaria vector. [10,11] Mosquitoes breed in standing water and also during rainfall found to play an important role in malaria transmission. Studies suggested, dengue virus spreads from person to person but not directly in many cases. It spreads from one person to another but via mosquito's trough following events: a) A mosquito bites a human with dengue fever and gets infection, b) Infection grows inside the body of mosquito for seven days before it can infect another human, c) After seven days of dengue virus infection growth in mosquito body. Symptoms include severe fever, headaches, muscle and joint pain. Hence, it can decrease or lessen the quantity of platelets in the patient body. Up till now, no vaccine has been designed that can cope with the dengue fever. However the dengue fever lasts about three to seven days average in patients. Prevention and Control Important preventive measures can be adopted to reduce the risk of getting disease. Most common includes, wearing full-sleeve clothes and long dresses to cover the limbs, use of repellents, coils and electric vapor mats. Aedes is a domestic mosquito and attempts at spraying pesticides on streets and around the residential areas. [12,13,14] Other innovative technologies and approaches are being tested based on behavior of aedes mosquito and involve use of computers. Also, there is need to conduct research in various aspects of dengue virus and mosquito vector to overcome the disease and its severity. [15,16] Moreover, the increased understanding of genetic factors that contribute to disease development and complications would also help define more clearly about populations which are at risk and also about


The Dictator Game, a face valid measure of altruism, and the Trust Game, a face valid measure of trust and trustworthiness, are among the most widely used behavioural measures in human cooperation research. Researchers have observed considerable covariation among these and other economic games, leading them to assert that there exists a general human propensity to cooperate that varies in strength across individuals and manifests itself across a variety of social settings. To formalize this hypothesis, we created an S–1 bifactor model using 276 participants' Dictator Game and Trust Game decisions. The general factor had significant, moderate associations with self–reported and peer–reported altruism, trust, and trustworthiness. Thus, the positive covariation among economic games is not reducible to the games' shared situational features. Two hundred participants returned for a second session. The general factor based on Dictator Game and Trust Game decisions from this session did not significantly predict self–reported and peer–reported cooperation, suggesting that experience with economic games causes them to measure different traits from those that are reflected in self–assessments and peer–assessments of cooperativeness. © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology


A pulsed high energy and narrow bandwidth tunable Tm:YLF laser at the milli-Joule level is demonstrated. The spectral bandwidth was narrowed down to 0.15 nm FWHM, while 33 nm of tunability range between 1873 nm and 1906 nm was achieved using a pair of YAG Etalons. The laser was actively Q-switched using an acousto-optic modulator and mJ level pulse energy was measured along the whole tuning range at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. Up to 1.97 mJ of energy per pulse was achieved at a pulse duration of 37 ns at a wavelength of 1879 nm, corresponding to a peak-power of 53.2 kW and at a slope efficiency of 36 %. The combination of both high energy pulsed lasing and spectral tunability, while maintaining narrow bandwidth across the whole tunability range, enhances the laser abilities, which could enable new applications in the sensing, medical and material processing fields. © 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement OCIS codes: (140.3600) Lasers, tunable; (140.3580) Lasers, solid-state; (140.3540) Lasers, Q-switched; (140.3070) Infrared and far-infrared lasers. References and links 1. A. Godard, "Infrared (2-12 μm) solid-state laser sources: a review," Comptes Rendus Physique 8, 1100–1128 (2007). 2. K. Scholle, P. Fuhrberg, P. Koopmann and S. Lamrini, 2 μm Laser Sources And Their Possible Applications (INTECH Open Access Publisher, 2010). 3. I. Sorokina and K. Vodopyanov, Solid-State Mid-Infrared Laser Sources (Springer, 2003). 4. C. Richter, A. Matic, J. Wells, E. Jansen and J. Walsh, "Neural stimulation with optical radiation," Laser & Photonics Rev. 5, 68–80 (2010). 5. O. Eremeikin, A. Savikin, K. Pavlenko and V. Sharkov, "Diode-pumped tunable Tm:YLF laser for mid-infrared gas spectroscopy," Quantum Electronics 40, 471–474 (2010). 6. J. Peltola, M. Vainio, T. Hieta, J. Uotila, S. Sinisalo, M. Metsala, M. Siltanen and L. Halonen, "High sensitivity trace gas detection by cantilever-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy using a mid-infrared continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator," Opt. Express 21, 10240 (2013). 7. P. Komm, U. Sheintop, S. Noach and G. Marcus, "87 fs CEP-stable Cr:ZnSe laser system," Laser Phys. 28, 025301 (2018). 8. Z. Qin, J. Liu, G. Xie, J. Ma, W. Gao, L. Qian, P. Yuan, X. Xu, J. Xu and D. Zhou, "Spectroscopic characteristics and laser performance of Tm:CaYAlO4 crystal," Laser Phys. 23, 105806 (2013). 9. N. Coluccelli, G. Galzerano, P. Laporta, F. Cornacchia, D. Parisi and M. Tonelli, "Tm-doped LiLuF4 crystal for efficient laser action in the wavelength range from 1.82 to 2.06 μm," Opt. Lett. 32, 2040 (2007). 10. M. Sun, J. Long, X. Li, Y. Liu, H. Ma, Y. An, X. Hu, Y. Wang, C. Li and D. Shen, "Widely tunable Tm:LuYAG laser with a volume Bragg grating," Laser Phys. Lett. 9, 553–556 (2012). 11. L. Wang, C. Gao, M. Gao, L. Liu and F. Yue, "Diode-pumped 2 μm tunable single-frequency Tm:LuAG laser with intracavity etalons," Appl. Opt. 52, 1272 (2013). 12. T. Feng, S. Zhao, K. Yang, G. Li, D. Li, J. Zhao, W. Qiao, J. Hou, Y. Yang, J. He, L. Zheng, Q. Wang, X. Xu, L. Su and J. Xu, "Diode-pumped continuous wave tunable and graphene Q-switched Tm:LSO lasers," Opt. Express 21, 24665 (2013). 13. T. Feng, K. Yang, S. Zhao, J. Zhao, W. Qiao, T. Li, L. Zheng and J. Xu, "Broadly wavelength tunable acousto-optically Q-switched Tm:Lu2SiO5 laser," Appl. Opt. 53, 6119 (2014). 14. F. Di Trapani, X. Mateos, V. Petrov, A. Agnesi, U. Griebner, H. Zhang, J. Wang and H. Yu, "Continuous-wave laser performance of Tm:LuVO4 under Ti:sapphire laser pumping," Laser Phys. 24, 035806 (2014). Vol. 26, No. 17 | 20 Aug 2018 | OPTICS EXPRESS 22135 #332808 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.022135 Journal © 2018 Received 28 May 2018; revised 18 Jul 2018; accepted 25 Jul 2018; published 13 Aug 2018 15. W. Gao, G. Xie, J. Ma, M. Liu, P. Yuan, L. Qian, H. Yu, H. Zhang, J. Wang and J. Zhang, "Spectroscopic characteristics and efficient laser operation of Tm:CLNGG disordered crystal," Laser Phys. Lett. 10, 055809 (2013). 16. U. Sheintop, E. Perez and S. Noach, "Watt-level tunable narrow bandwidth Tm:YAP laser using a pair of etalons," Appl. Opt. 57, 1468 (2018). 17. C. Jin, D. Li, Y. Bai, Z. Ren and J. Bai, "Wideband tunable graphene-based passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser," Laser Phys. 25, 045802 (2015). 18. S. Jackson, "Towards high-power mid-infrared emission from a fibre laser," Nat. Photonics 6, 423–431 (2012). 19. F. Duarte, Tunable Lasers Handbook (Elsevier Science, 1996). 20. J. Jabczynski, L. Gorajek, W. Zendzian, J. Kwiatkowski, H. Jelinkova, J. Sulc and M. Nemec, "High repetition rate, high peak power, diode pumped Tm:YLF laser," Laser Phys. Lett. 6, 109–112 (2009). 21. B. Yao, L. Ke, X. Duan, G. Li, X. Yang, Y. Ju and Y. Wang, "Stable wavelength, narrow linewidth diode-pumped Tm:YLF laser with double etalons," Laser. Phys. Lett. 6, 563–566 (2009). 22. A. Korenfeld, D. Sebbag, U. Ben-Ami, E. Shalom, G. Marcus and S. Noach, "High pulse energy passive Q-switching of a diode-pumped Tm:YLF laser by Cr:ZnSe," Laser. Phys. Lett. 12, 045804 (2015). 23. T. Fan and R. Byer, "Diode laser-pumped solid-state lasers," IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 24, 895–912 (1988). 24. S. Payne, L. Chase, L. Smith, W. Kway and W. Krupke, "Infrared cross-section measurements for crystals doped with Er3+, Tm3+ and Ho3+," IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 28, 2619–2630 (1992).


Influence of L-NAME in a dose of 25 and 200 mg/kg on oxidizing modification of proteins of a liver of rats is studied. It is established that when using N-nitro L-arginine methyl ester in a dose of 25 mg/kg the level of proteins carbonyl derivative of a liver of rats increases in comparison with control. It is important to note that the quantity of aldehyde -and ketone-dinitropheniylhydrazons in ultra-violet area of a range statistically significantly increases that testifies to damage of the remains of the amino acids possessing neutral properties. Under the influence of L-NAME in a dose of 200 mg/kg the level of carbonyl derivative proteins of a liver of rats decreases in comparison with control that is a consequence of reduction of synthesis of nitrogen oxide. Also the increase in reserve and adaptation potential is noted that points to obvious adaptation and regenerative abilities of a liver.


Alpha stable distribution is better for modeling impulsive noises than Gaussian distribution in signal processing.This class of process has no close form of probability density function and finite second order moments.Authous proposed a new nonlinear adaptive least p-norm filter.The simulation experiments Showed that the proposed new algorithm was more robust than the conventional filtering algorithm.


PURPOSE:To evaluate the effectiveness of conservative treatment and surgical treatment in adult patients with condylar fractures.METHODS:The relative studies that had been published between 1980 and 2006 were reviewed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.The non-quantitative synthesis software SPSS 11.0 was used for integration.The eventually variables such as maximal mouth opening, malocclusion were selected.Each variable was analyzed.Totally 361 patients were classified into two groups with open reduction treatment group of 246 cases and closed treatment group of 115 cases.RESULTS:In comparisons of maximal opening between open reduction and closed treatment according to the fracture line.Greater mouth opening was found in open reduction group than in closed treatment group for high level condylar fracture, while no difference between open reduction group and closed treatment group for condylar neck fracture and subcondylar fracture.In comparisons of occlusion between open reduction and closed treatment according to the fracture line, better occlusion was found in open reduction treatment group than in closed treatment group for high level condylar fracture, while no difference was noted between open reduction treatment and closed treatment group for condylar neck fracture and subcondylar fracture.CONCLUSION:For high level condylar fracture, the recovery of occlusion and maximal opening in open reduction treatment group is better than that in closed treatment group, but for condylar neck fracture and subcondylar fracture, the recovery of occlusion and maximal opening has no significant difference between open reduction treatment group and closed treatment group.


We study the problem of anonymizing social network where the network data is split between several data holders or players. In such setting, each player controls some of the nodes and he knows only the edges that are adjacent to the nodes under his control. The goal is to provide anonymized view of entire network with respect to two scenarios. Scenario 1, where All players know the identities of all nodes but each player needs to protect the information from other players is the existence or non -existence of edges adjacent to his nodes. Scenario 2, each player needs to protect the identities of all nodes under his control along with the existence or non-existence of edges adjacent to his nodes. We start the study with sequential clustering algorithm applied to centralize and scenario 1 of distributed setting. Then we extend the algorithm to scenario 2 which is the most complicated part according to previous studies. Finally we conclude by outlining the future research proposals in that direction.


The relationships between family, motherhood aspirations and culture, and with young women's aspirations, are complex and these interactions may impact on well-being and mental health. Cultural relationships are varied: Chinese culture in particular has been observed to emphasise collectivistic values and compliance to parental expectation. This research focuses on cultural and family influences on aspiration and their relationship with mental health and well-being. Female first year university students (N=152) were surveyed about their aspirations for life at forty in regard to work, education, relationships and children. They were also surveyed about their perception of their family's level of information support, financial support, expectations and beliefs and values regarding their vocational and motherhood aspirations. A score of aspirational convergence between participants and their perceived parents was obtained by correlating two sets of ranked orders of aspirational goals for participants, ordered from their own and their perceived parents' perspective. A cross-cultural analysis between participants of Chinese and British/European ethnicity was also conducted. It was hypothesised that information support and financial support would positively correlate, and family expectation would negatively correlate, with mental health and life control. Cross culturally, it was hypothesised that Chinese participants would experience higher levels of Family Expectation and Family Beliefs and Values, and that lower levels of parental aspirational convergence would correlate with poorer mental health scores. In the sample, higher scores on Family Expectation correlated with higher anxiety and depression scores and lower scores on life control. However in within-groups analysis, Chinese participants had a higher perception of Family Expectation and Beliefs and Values with no significant psychological distress, and a negative relationship between Parental Aspirational Convergence and depression scores. These 6 findings confirm the relationships between family, culture, well-being and mental health, and the significance of aspirational convergence with parents for students of Chinese ethnicity.


In this study and for the first time, aligned nanofibers were produced from low molecular weight polyvinyl butyral. Using response surface methodology, the preparation condition of aligned nanofiber was optimized in terms of nanofiber diameter and its structural stability. Central composite design as a response surface methodology was employed and the effects of process variables and their influence on nanofiber diameter were investigated. Based on a statistical analysis, the use of a model, which was used to determine the nanofiber diameter, proved to be successful because of its low probability value (0.0073) and high correlation coefficient (0.9619). A high-speed cylinder collector was used to fabricate aligned polyvinyl butyral nanofibers. The optimum conditions of 17.5 kV voltage, 10 cm collector distance, 13% solution concentration, and 2100 r/min rotational speed were obtained from experiments. The least diameter of 158.6 nm along with a stable structure was determined for polyvinyl butyral nanofiber prepared under the optimum conditions. An aligned polyvinyl butyral nanoweb was applied on the mid-layer of glass-phenolic laminated composites as an interlaminar reinforcement. The fracture behavior of the laminates was determined by end-notched flexure tests. Excellent toughening property which was observed for the aligned polyvinyl butyral nanofibers caused the mode-II fracture toughness and its maximum force to increase by 25.2 and 40.8%, respectively.


The invention discloses a polyamide, and a synthesis method and application thereof. The synthesis method comprises the following steps: 1) feeding: proportionally adding dibasic acid monomer, diamine monomer and other reaction assistants into a reaction kettle; 2) gas charging: charging shielding gas into the reaction kettle until the pressure in the reaction kettle is 0.2-1.0 MPa, wherein the shielding gas contains 50-100 vol% of CO2; and 3) prepolymerization: heating the reaction kettle to perform prepolymerization reaction on the mixture in the reaction kettle. The polyamide prepared by the synthesis method has the advantages of low yellowing tendency and favorable color property. The polyamide disclosed by the invention is mainly applicable to a manufacturing material of electric and electronic equipment, automobile part, office supply or home supply.


This study aims to investigate communication satisfaction (CS) and work-life balance (WLB) among employees in hotels. Additionally, it aims to identify their impact on employee turnover intention (ETI). Data was derived from 515 employees using a validated questionnaire.  A stratified random sampling technique is employed to select the hotels from five regions. Correlation and regression tests are used to test the impact of two independent variables; CS and WLB on one dependent variable; ETI. Results indicated that communication climate, supervisory communication, co-workers communication, organizational integration, personal feedback and media quality are essential dimension of CS that influence significantly and negatively on ETI.  The study also found that schedule flexibility, job autonomy and manger's support are essential dimensions of WLB that influence significantly and negatively on ETI.


My experience of learning that "motherhood can be powerful" began with my first field research in Barbados (1956 and 1957-58) when I was married but childless and went to the field by myself. The lesson was further elaborated when I gave birth to my son David in 1963 and later during subsequent research in the Caribbean and with the Yoruba of Nigeria (1976, 1977,1978-79). 1 went to Nigeria as an older wife and mother but without my husband and child, except for a one month visit from David. Finally, my visits to the Greek island ofKalymnos in 1992 and 1993, where David was then doing his doctoral research with his wife and baby son, dramatically shifted and further extended my experience of family life as it grew more and more intertwined with anthropology. Thus my story is about how family life and anthropology reciprocally informed each other in the unfolding of my life—in the field and at home.


The behavior of interfaces between liquid and gaseous phases in the course of non-stationary mass transfer in the porous media is studied by use of correlation and spectral analysis of spatial-temporal fluctuations of speckles induced due to laser light scattering by the probed medium. The following types of interface growth in the porous media are considered: the development of global boundaries between gaseous and liquid phases in the course of liquid evaporation from the porous layers and the development of interfaces driven by capillary forces in the porous layers. Some peculiarities of light scattering in the porous media with growing interfaces such as the anomalous behavior of the power spectra of speckle intensity fluctuations and manifestation of avalanches in the course of interface pinning are discussed. Various approaches to processing of the light scattering data are considered. Possible applications of these phenomena for porous media characterization are outlined.


Objective: We aimed to prospectively investigate whether there are differences between carotid remodeling between hypertensive and normotensive people over time. Design and method: In a prospective longitudinal cohort study we compared common carotid artery ultrasonography measurements from hypertensive patients with normotensive volunteers from a single general practice. We assessed markers of arterial remodeling intima-media thickness (IMT), lumen diameter (LD), cross-sectional area (CSA), circumferential wall tension (CWT), and circumferential wall stress (CWS), at baseline and after follow-up. We analyzed change in these markers over time as well as differences between both groups, correcting for confounders using GEE-analysis. Results: From a baseline cohort of 174 normotensives and 317 hypertensive participants, a total of 128 normotensives and 94 hypertensives completed follow-up after 6.1 ± 1.1 years. Hypertensives had higher levels of carotid remodeling than normotensives: IMT 733 ± 134 vs. 649 ± 130 um (p < 0.001), LD 6.5 ± 0.9 vs. 6.0 ± 0.8 mm (p < 0.001), CSA 16.7 ± 4.3 vs. 13.7 ± 3.7 mm2 (p < 0.001), CWT 47.2 ± 8.4 vs. 39.8 ± 7.3 kPa (p < 0.001), and CWS 67.1 ± 15.3 vs. 63.8 ± 14.8 kPa (p < 0.01), respectively. Longitudinally, IMT, LD, and CSA did not change in hypertensives, but rose significantly in normotensives (Figure). CWT and CWS fell in hypertensives, whereas in normotensives CWT rose but CWS did not change significantly (Figure). Normotensives had higher rates of change in IMT (&bgr; 9.9 p < 0.001), LD (&bgr; 0.03 p = 0.044) and CSA (&bgr; 0.3 p < 0.001) but there was no difference in CWS between hypertensives and normotensives. Independent determinants of carotid remodeling were male sex, age, smoking, and pulse pressure. Use of angiotensin receptor blockers was associated with decrease in CWS (&bgr; −4.9 p < 0.05). Conclusions: Established hypertensives have maladaptive carotid remodeling compared to normotensives but arterial dimensions do not change significantly over time. However, in normotensives carotid characteristics change significantly over time. We conclude that although hypertension is associated with maladaptive remodeling the process seems to commence even before overt hypertension is established. Figure. No caption available.


In hot and humid tropical regions, challenge of air dehumidification has increasingly been regarded as one of the important issues in preventing high moisture-related problems. In relation to this, the desiccant dehumidification system has recently been of great interest, especially passive systems. With respect to this issue, the passive room dehumidifying system using the sorption property of a wooden attic space was proposed, with its merits of low initial cost and non- degradable desiccant material use. This study aims to describe the effect of each parameter on the system performance, which is calculated by mathematical simulation models, through a factorial design and statistical procedure with respect to parameter variations and their interaction effects. Consequently, the reductions in the air infiltration of bedroom along with a number of occupants corresponding with a certain unit of the system could be considered as the most influential factors to improve the system performance. In addition, a decrease in air infiltration of attic space would increase the system potential as well as the increase in roof area and ventilation between attic and bedroom during the night. Additionally, as expected, it can be considered that the system can perform well under the circumstances with high daily summation of solar radiation.


The author thinks there are two models to train versatile personnel of news communication.One is horizontal education in the college period;the other is vertical education in the post-graduate period.To realize the purpose,some aspects of the teaching system,professional concept and courses establishment must be reformed.


We evaluated novel sentinel node values in breast cancer for one‐step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) to predict further nodal involvement using various methods in clinically node‐negative disease with a positive OSNA result and subsequent axillary node dissection. 239 patients (118 macrometastatic) were assessed revealing cutoffs of total tumor load (TTL) 44 500 copies/µL (AUROC 0.793); average copy number (ACN) 9450 (AUROC 0.790); and highest copy number (HCN) 46,000. For macrometastatic patients only: TTL 221 400 copies/µL (AUROC 0.685); ACN 64,000 (AUROC 0.671); HCN 59 500 (AUROC 0.529). Our data favor TTL and represent one of the largest OSNA macrometastatic predictive series.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the chemical constituents of Quercus pannosa Hand.-Mazz..METHODS The com- pounds were isolated and purified via silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography repeatedly and their structures were elu- cidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and physiochemical properties.RESULTS Five flavanoids were isolated and identified as(+)-catechin(1),(-)-epicatechin(2),(2R,3R)-(-)-dihydroquercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3),(2R,3R)-(-)-di- hydroquercetin 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside(4),chamaechromone(5)respectively.CONCLUSION All compounds are isolated from the plant for the first time.


Modern advances in augmented reality technology make for promising new uses in education. A discipline that can possibly benefit from augmented reality learning experiences is human embryology. Insight into human embryology is of considerable clinical interest, as it can explain congenital malformations that make up for 20% of all neonatal deaths. Conventional embryology teaching methods are however limited due to financial and ethical constraints, and a recent desktop computer application, that implements excellent recently published anatomy models, does not utilise the affordances offered by augmented reality. An augmented reality application, that displays these models, to aid embryology education is implemented and compared to the desktop computer application in controlled experiments that aim to measure motivation and usability. The augmented reality application was found to provide a significant increase in intrinsic motivation in the participants over the desktop computer application. Furthermore, the participants rated the augmented reality application as more valuable and useful to them. Little difference was found in usability between the applications, possibly due to the little prior experience with augmented reality applications. These results show benefits of augmented reality learning experiences over more traditional desktop computer simulations and great potential for future use in (embryology) education.


DZZ5 new type of automatic meteorological station system structure was simply analyzed from the perspective of telemetry business personnel. Troubleshooting of common faults about DZZ5 new type of automatic meteorological station was studied. Some emergency solutions were introduced in order to get a complete continuous meteorological observation records.


Abstract In the pelitic rocks of this classical section it appears that, chemically, a Fe2O3: Al2O3 ratio of about 0·40 is critical for the formation of chloritoid or staurolite. With this ratio both minerals are possible, but if the value exceeds a figure somewhere between 0·47 and 0·55 staurolite cannot form, a reddish-brown biotite appearing instead. Physically, a certain minimum temperature is necessary before staurolite can appear and below this chloritoid is the equilibrium phase.


The reaction paths of NO3 with methane, ethane, propane, and isobutane have been modeled using accurate ab initio (MP2) and hybrid DFT (BHandHLYP) methods with large basis sets (6-311g(d,p)). The energies of the optimized geometries were recalculated with the CCSD(T) method. Rate constants were obtained with the conventional transition-state theory (CTST). For propane and isobutane, in addition to the respective secondary and tertiary H-abstraction channels, abstraction of primary hydrogen atoms was also considered. Taking into account the internal rotations in the partition functions is shown to be essential for the determination of the preexponential parameters. This correction has a strong influence on the transition state partition function of the primary channel of isobutane, producing a noticeable increase in the preexponential factor and an almost perfect agreement with the experimental values. The calculated rate constants for tertiary and primary H-abstractions are 2.28 × 104 and 3.41 × 104 L mol...


Clinical data shows that short pulse duration lasers used in laser induced shock wave lithotripsy severely damage optical fibers on both the proximal and distal ends which is unsuitable for clinical use. An Alexandrite laser system has been developed that uses dynamic pulse stretching of the Q-switched laser pulse and improved optical fiber coupling to eliminate the fiber damage. The method of pulse stretching presented controls the laser output pulse energy from 50 to 150 millijoules and temporal shape from 0.5 to 1.5 microseconds. This yields effective fragmentation of calculi without damage to the optical fiber.


In avian diagnostic medicine, the usual immediate challenge is making a definitive diagnosis for the presenting problem of morbidity or mortality. And if we deal with their occurrence in a more preventive or epidemiologic way, there are at least four main types of approach that can help in evaluating infectious diseases in poultry: Recording and analysis of productivity data (mortality, growth rate, and egg production). Recording and analysis of disease data (signs, lesions). Measurement of serological response. Isolation and identification of pathogenic agents.


The logistics industry plays an important role in the national economy. In order to promote the development of our logistics industry, it is necessary for us to draw lessons from the developed countries and zones where the industry has developed very rapidly. And the paper is focused on the reference of external experiences from five aspects such as the reference of the policies and regulations between logistics industry and relevant fields.


This article proposes an integrative framework for understanding the accuracy and inaccuracy of stereotypes. Specifically, we highlight research issues and traditions from social and personality psychology that do not often intersect, but which can be mutually informative. Within this framework, the social psychologist's interest in the accuracy of group stereotypes is conceptually much like a personality psychologist's interest in the accuracy with which perceivers can identify types of individuals, for example extraverts. Both fields make use, implicitly or explicitly, of personal attributes and behaviors (cues) in assessing accuracy of beliefs about group or individual traits. By using Brunswik's lens model perspective in combination with concepts from signal detection theory, judgments of stereotypes can be discovered to be accurate or inaccurate depending on how perceivers judge or use the cues. In drawing on research traditions and theoretical frameworks from both social and personality psychology, researchers can go beyond an all-or-nothing stance regarding stereotype accuracy to achieve a more nuanced understanding of when, how, and to what extent stereotypes are accurate.


Analysis of the Comprehensive Primary Care (CPC) program found that the lack of infrastructure for health information exchange was a barrier for primary care practices participating in this federal multipayer advanced primary care program. This study examines whether population health management information technologies offered through a health information exchange (HIE) platform—which collects and stores data across providers—helped practices in the follow-up program, Comprehensive Primary Care Plus (CPC+), achieve better outcomes. We conducted a retrospective study to examine several outcome measures among a sample of 37 participating primary care practices in western New York. These practices were grouped in four categories based on their participation in CPC+ and population health information technology services. For the period of January 2020 to December 2020, practices with membership in both CPC+ and HIE saw 24.1% lower risk-adjusted hospital admission rates and 21.0% lower risk-ad-justed outpatient surgery rates compared with practices that didn't participate in either one. Average lengths of stay in hospitals were 32.7% lower and readmission rates were 30.4% lower. Given these observations, which are based on a robust and mature HIE system, we encourage the medical practices that participated in the CPC+ program or are engaged in other multipayer advanced primary care opportunities to also subscribe to population health management information technologies.


. Image recognition is a typical application in the field of pattern recognition. How to accurately and quickly carry out image recognition has always been an important topic for scholars all over the world. Fruit image recognition plays an important role in the field of intelligent agriculture and digital medicine. In the aspect of smart agriculture, the accurate cultivation of fruit trees in compound orchards and automatic fruit picking can be realized through the identification of fruits; In the field of digital medicine, fruit recognition is mainly used to assist the analysis of fruit nutrients in the later stage, so as to help patients formulate a reasonable diet.Therefore, based on the in-depth study of deep learning theory, this paper applies deep learning to fruit image recognition, so as to improve the recognition performance of fruit image. technologies, China's


The present invention relates to a novel changes to memory technologies and memory array for introducing certain advantages based on both the design of the cross point and 1T-1 cells. By combining the features of these designs, the increased speed and signal-to-noise ratio of the read time in 1T-1 cell design, both the high recording density in the cross point design is achieved. Therefore, by using a single access transistor 16, to "Z" axially arranged vertically in multiple memory array layer as reading multiple memory cells can stacked on top of each other.


The use of pumpkin as a food ingredient can also support government programs to diversify food consumption that is diverse, nutritious, and balanced. Besides containing carbohydrates, pumpkin is also rich in vitamins, especially vitamins A and C which are antioxidants. Carotenoids in pumpkin such as beta-carotene of 1187.23 g/g. It can replace of dye methanil yellow in making seaweed wet noodles. This research was conducted to determine the effect of solvent concentration and extraction time using the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method using ethanol with solvent concentrations of 75%, 85%, and 95%. The duration of extraction used was 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes. The parameters observed were moisture content, the color of pumpkin extract, the yield of pumpkin extract, and the density of pumpkin extract. This research was conducted 3 times for replication. The study's findings indicated that the relationship between solvent concentration and extraction time both a single factor of solvent concentration and extraction time also had a significant effect on the color of pumpkin extract, yield, and density of pumpkin extract. The extraction using the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method resulted in a color of 65.56 (b*), a yield of 63.58%, and a density of 48.41g/cm3.


During aluminum electrolysis,the electrochemical insertions of alkali metals(potassium and sodium) as well as their migratory behavior in TiB2-C composite cathodes was investigated by means of line scanning and map scanning through SEM and self-made modified Rapoport apparatus.The electrochemical behavior of alkali metals on the electrode was also studied by cyclic voltammetry.The results suggest that,in the aluminum electrolysis process,both K and Na penetrate into the cathode,the diffusion coefficient of K in the cathode and the induced maximal electrolysis expansion are 2.86×10?5 cm2/s and 1.35%,respectively,both of which are higher than those of Na,illustrating that the penetration ability of K is stronger than that of Na.Meanwhile,the penetration and migration path of K and Na in TiB2-C composite cathode is similar: firstly,alkali metals(K and Na) penetrate into the pores of the cathode together with the electrolyte,subsequently into the binder coke,with the progress of the electrolysis,finally into the carbonaceous aggregates of the cathode,while K and Na can not penetrate into TiB2.K and Na penetrate into both binder and aggregates,leading to the expansion of TiB2-C composite cathodes,which will become constant when the content of alkali metals(K and Na) in the cathode is saturated.While the results on the electrode behavior of alkali metals K and Na indicate that,in the aluminum electrolysis process,K and Na will co-deposit on cathode,while during the anodic process,the intercalation compound of K represent more positive potential than that of Na,illustrating better stability of intercalation compound of K.K inserted into the interlayer of carbon materials is difficult to break away,the destructive force is stronger than that of Na.


Theoretical lithography performance prediction of photoresist material has important role to design better material but the exact prediction was still difficult because there are too many conditions to be considered together. We investigated the EUV-induced photochemical reactions of conventional triphenylsulfonium (Ph3S+; TPS) PAG-cation in both "electron-trapping" and "internal excitation" mechanisms using atomic-scale materials modeling. By obtaining full energy profiles of protonation process of TPS molecule, we could find that the acid generation yield strongly depends on two main factors: the LUMO of PAG-cation in which the lower LUMO of PAG-cation, the reduction step of PAG-cation is easier and the proton (H+) dissociation ability (pKa) at the ortho-positions of thiol ether fragment cation(Ph2S+), in which lower pKa will give high acid generation. By matching computational analysis with experimental results, we developed a two-parameter model to predict the EUV exposure Dose from the target PAG–cation's LUMO and pKa of thiol ether-derivatives. We applied our new model to other three sets of TPS samples and they also shows good correlation with experimental data. Finally, we proposed a strategy to design new PAG molecules for sensitivity improvement by functionalization of TSP-cation with electron donating group. Our new strategy can be a powerful tool to design novel PAG cation for EUV photoresist for improving Resolution-LER-Sensitivity trade-off.


In this paper introduces the method and the mathematical model of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, analysis in comprehensive evaluation of the equilibrium when are too many factors considering various factors, through mathematical algorithms and weights of choose to implement the scientific nature of the comprehensive evaluation, and through the concrete case analysis, further verify the scientific nature, reliability, and feasibility of the method.


Hydrophilic nanoparticles for biological assay were prepared by encapsulating luminescent quantum dots into an amphiphilic polymer via the method of ultrasonic emulsification(O/W).The samples were characterized via photoluminescence(PL)and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The results indicated that the method was simple,time/energy-saving and environmentally friendly.QDs-tagged nanoparticles obtained by this procedure were water-soluble,highly stable and bright in fluorescence emission with a size of 70 nm.After being water-solubilized by amphiphilic polymer,the QDs were labeled by IgGs and used in the biodetection.Spectral analysis showed that on FRET appeared in the water-soluble QDs modified by amphiphilic polymer.The immunofluorescence in vitro indicated that the QDs-IgGs bioconjugates had excellent specific bingding detection ability with nearly non-specific binding.On the basis of the properties QDs-tagged nanoparticles may have great potential for biodetection.


An investigation of dislocation sources in silicon deformed by thermal shock has been made by means of X-ray topography. Deformation occurs by means of surface and internal planar dislocation sources. The dislocations are in 60° or pure screw orientation except in regions of high dislocation density. The sources belong to the three {111} planes inclined to the surface (also a (111) plane). Nearly all Burgers vectors were in the plane of the slice, but a few inclined pure screw dislocations and Lomer dislocations were also observed. Both single and double-ended sources were present, the majority being single-ended. Their configurations (which were usually complex) and some associated dislocation interactions are discussed.


There is a large evidente, mainly in subhuman animals, that the cerebral neurotransmissors and some hormones, i.e. androgens, play in a way or another the role of regulators ofthe aggressive behavior. In this paper we study the work of several researchers that throw some light on the way the neurochemical and hormonal control in that behavior is made.


The application of JSP technology is more and more popular,which is of altitude advantage to Web database.In this paper,we introduce two models and JDBC technology.Both of them can help to develop Web database in JSP.


Demarcation of fresh- and saline-water interface is important in water supply engineering in coastal regions. A resistivity imager system was employed to investigate the saline water intrusion to freshwater table at selected coastal locations in Sri Lanka. This is the first such attempt in Sri Lanka using the above technique. Systematic geo-resistivity investigations were carried out at randomly selected sites at Mundel and Rekawa coastal areas. Measured and calculated values generally show good agreement, especially in Mundel area, where the current penetration is good. The results indicate a possibility of using resistivity imager system to demarcate the saline and fresh water interfaces and intermixing zones, especially in the wet zone.


2. NaF sample configuration is shown in the middle cartoon. Seven 19F concentrations (from 1 to 7) were prepared as shown in the table. Ten ml syringe filled with distilled water containing different NaCl concentration (sample 0, no fluorine) was located at the center of the group of the seven sample vials filled with NaF solutions. Salt concentrations in sample 0 were varied with 0, 0.2 and 2 M to induce different coil loading conditions.


The Cover Feature focuses on the crystal structure of dicobalt‐hexacarbonyl‐modified 5‐alkynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, which was investigated for in vitro antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells. The formation of reactive oxygen species in K562 cells implicates the involvement of oxidative stress in the mode of action. Cover art by Samantha McCarthy. More information can be found in the Full Paper by R. Kaczmarek, R. Dembinski, et al. on page 237 in Issue 3, 2018 (DOI: 10.1002/open.201700168).


A new immunocytochemical assay for progesterone receptor (PgR‐ICA) employing the monoclonal antibody JZB 39 was used to study tumors from two series of patients with breast cancer. In Series 1 assay results were in agreement with those of biochemistry in 76% of 338 cases (P < 0.001) and in 54% of 101 cases in Series 2 (P < 0.001). Agreement was better in Series 1 because it included fresher, previously untouched specimens. There were 70 patients in Series 1 with known clinical endocrine response. A negative assay correlated with disease progression in 45 of 57 patients, significantly better than with biochemistry (P = 0.013). In comparing 39 women with rapid disease progression with 39 free of disease at 5.1 years, those with PgR‐ICA‐positive tumors were over four times more likely to remain disease‐free than those with negative results (P = 0.007). Product moment life‐table analysis of 79 patients from Series 2 showed a significantly better cumulative survival for those with PgR‐ICA‐positive tumors (P = 0.047). These findings indicate that PgR‐ICA should be of value in planning therapy and predicting disease course in breast cancer patients.


ABSTRACT Alcohol and substance misuse is an overlooked and under-acknowledged problem among older adults. Hence, a substantial number of older adults go without needed recovery treatment. To meet the need of identifying and addressing alcohol and substance misuse issues in older adults, we created a Geriatric Substance Abuse Recovery Program (GSARP) for post-acute care patients within a skilled nursing facility (SNF). The GSARP integrates medical rehabilitation and substance abuse recovery services. This paper provides a description of the GSARP and reports on the results of the evaluation. Findings showed high program acceptability as demonstrated by an 80% program participation rate of patients who based on screenings for alcohol and substance misuse issues were found eligible to receive recovery services. Minority older adults were significantly less likely to participate when compared to Caucasians. GSARP participants were significantly more likely to return home when compared to those who did not participate and they had lower 30-day-rehospitalization rates. At two follow-up points, at least 60% of program participants reported that they had not relapsed. This pilot demonstrated feasibility of implementing a recovery program within an SNF and produced preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of the program in improving patient outcomes.


This chapter articulates a conception of conversion that transcends the boundaries of the twill to trutht that Nietzsche cursed. It examines two thinkers in parallel patterns of conversion. The two conversion trajectories, the "Return to Japan" movement and the rejection of Marxism for alternatives, are in a sense both responses to a realization that the model of world history Japan had inherited was unable to account for the historical moment. The chapter suggests that while the formation of some alternative to modernity may have been impossible to realize, in some corners it was still within the realm of the imaginable. The reason that Japan could have one foot fully in the modern mindset and yet still envision an alternative was that the conversion to modernity from whatever came before it had happened so quickly that vestiges of the "not-modern" remained in the mental landscapes of some individuals. Keywords: conversion; Marxism; modernity; Nietzsche; Return to Japan movement


Aim and Objective: This study aims to evaluate the outcome of the patients operated for acute extradural hematoma (EDH). Patients and Methods: Sixty consecutive cases of acute EDH were treated at medical college hospital to assess the outcome of the patients based on their Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), radiological assessment, and pupil size. The patients were monitored of their GCS, pupillary size, and vitals. The Glasgow outcome scale was used to evaluate patient outcome at the discharge from the hospital and after 3 months. Observation and Results: Sixty patients constituting 56 males and 4 females were the part of the study. The mean age of the patients was 23.21 years (range: 2–47 years). On an average, the patients were operated around 9.91 h after the trauma (ranging 2–24 h). Out of sixty patients, 25, 17, and 18 patients had GCS of mild, moderate, and severe groups. Prompt surgery with better care obtained us with mortality 1.6%, morbidity 21.7%, and complete recovery in 83% patients. Conclusion: We may conclude in our study that presurgical clinical findings such as sensorium of patient and pupillary status were an important indicator for surgical outcome. In most of the cases, the outcome was favorable with progressive recovery.


Bleaching is essential for creating a uniform white base of cellulosic fibers that enables level dyeing of pale or bright hues and. especially, the production of final white products. Unfortunately, high levels of energy and corrosive chemicals are consumed during most hot bleaching processes. In this work, a promising new cationic bleach activator, N-[4-(triethylammoniomethyl)benzoyl]butyrolactam chloride (TBBC), was used for cellulosic fiber bleaching. Bath pH and TBBC concentration had a significant efefct, whereas the temperature effect on bleaching performance was not as pronunced. TBB-H2O2 cotton bleaching was most effective at pH 7, in presence of 7.5g/L TBBC, and at 60oC. Substantially reduced fiber damage resulted when compared with conventional H2O2 bleaching. The TBBC-H2O2 bleaching system may be a more environmentally-benign alternative for textile industry use.


Abstract The content of Japanese history textbooks became the focus of much media and academic attention after the internationalization of the issue in 1982 when Japan was accused by the Chinese government of attempting to re‐write its wartime invasion of China in school textbooks. The issue threatened to disrupt the celebrations for the tenth anniversary of Sino‐Japanese normalization and, according to some observers, set back Sino‐Japanese relations by ten years. In recent years Japanese textbooks have been seen in a more positive light, with progress being made on the inclusion of references to the comfort women and, more recently, Ienaga Saburō's partial victory in his long‐standing legal battle with the government. Some have argued that it was the events of 1982 which sparked off the movement to 'liberalize' Japanese textbooks, and that after that date descriptions of Japanese wartime activities in Asia became more 'truthful'. This paper examines the events of the 1982 textbook issue, focusing on the...


Concrete was used for construction in many ancient structures. Concrete technology was known by the Ancient Romans and was widely used within the Roman Empire. After the Empire passed, use of concrete became scarce until the technology was re-pioneered in the mid-18th century. The widespread use of concrete in many Roman structures has ensured that many survive to the present day. The development of reinforced concrete marked the dawn of a new age. For it was the first heterogeneous building material, using steel, cement, sand, gravel, and water. This composition possessed much better properties than each of its individual components.


Abstract Over the last two decades, several classification changes were proposed for the family Loricariidae and their phylogenetic relationships could be only partly resolved so far. Two major problematic groups are the subfamilies Hypoptopomatinae and Neoplecostominae. Therefore, we analysed four species of this family, being three Neoplecostominae (Neoplecostomus yapo, Kronichthys lacerta and Isbrueckerichthys duseni), and one Hypoptopomatinae representative (Parotocinclus maculicauda), in order to compare the chromosomal data to other Loricariidae subfamilies and to the outgroup Trichomycterus sp. To accomplish that, conventional (diploid numbers, karyotype formulae, fundamental number and Ag-NORs – nucleolar organizer regions) and molecular chromosomal markers (dual color FISH – fluorescence in situ hybridization - with 18S and 5S rDNA probes) were used. A similar karyotype structure was reported amongst the studied species. Inferences about putative plesiomorphic chromosomal markers were established and/or corroborated in Loricariidae, such as: 2n = 54 chromosomes, small amounts of heterochromatin, a single NOR-bearing pair and synteny 18S and 5S rDNA at interstitial region. Thus, the present chromosomal analysis hypothesizes primitive chromosomal characters and contributes to a better understanding of chromosomal evolutionary processes among loricariids.


The title compound, [Ti(C 11 H 21 Si 2 ) 2 (NH 2 )], crystallizes as a bent metallocene, with the NH 2 group oriented to maximize the π interaction between the N atom and the Ti III center. The increased π bonding is reflected in a short Ti-N bond length of 1.933 (3) A.


In order to investigate the mechanical response of deck pavement on long-span cement concrete bridges,a box girder bridges,flanged girder bridge and continuous girder bridge were modeled respectively.The finite element analysis software ABAQUS was utilized to build three-dimensional models for these three types of bridges.The mechanical responses of different thickness deck pavements on the bridges with different spans under traffic and thermal loadings were analyzed.The results indicated that the effects of the bridge span and pavement thickness on the pavement mechanical response were independent.The longer span bridge undergone vechile loads would significantly increase horizontal tensile stress in the pavement,while vertical shear stress in the pavement and the shear stress at the bottom layer changed little.However,the effect of the bridge span under thermal loading was not obvious to the thermal stress in the pavement.Therefore,the pavement materials of high tensile strength and anti-cracking performance should be utilized in the long-span cement concrete bridges.Thereby,the pavement performance and service life could be guaranteed.


According to the design of pilot actuated high-pressure pneumatic proportional control valve,the conception of high-pressure pneumatic control by pressure cushioning chamber was proposed.The mathematic model of the control system by pressure cushioning chamber was given and the simulation was applied to discuss the dynamic characteristics of the system.The investigation is important for the high-pressure pneumatic proportional control valve designing and manufacturing,and also provides the new conception for the design of other high-pressure pneumatic proportional control component.


For over a decade now, due to the introduction of UTF-8 encoding, the digitization of Hindi content has increased rapidly because of which Hindi-music has accomplished popularity on the web. The focus is to identify the emotion, a person is experiencing while listening to a song track. The aim of this research work is to analyze the lyrics of Hindi-language based songs, in order to detect the mood of the listener. We used unigram and term-frequency as the main features. The songs were reduced to a level where only relevant words will be used for mood-detection. We employ unsupervised machine learning namely topic-modeling (Latent Dirichlet Allocation model) for mining the mood out of every song in the corpus. We created our own dataset of 1900 songs consisting of Bollywood tracks, bhajans (spiritual prayers) and ghazals. A mood taxonomy is used to distinguish songs into Happy or Sad. Data is applied to LDA model to discover the hidden emotions within each song. At the end of experimentation, we compare the results with manually pre-annotated dataset for validation purpose and observe good results.


Abstract Although according to Bernstein, exposure of rubber solutions to light in the absence of air diminishes the viscosity of the solutions, it is the conviction of the present authors that this change takes place only when there is air over the solutions. In 1920 Porritt observed that a rubber solution sealed off from contact with air gelatinized on exposure to light. Kirchhof however found this to be true only with small quantities of rubber solutions in quartz tubes exposed to ultra-violet light. This reaction was of particular interest to the present authors because of its possible relation to the vulcanization reaction, which can be regarded as an increase in molecular size, and as the formation of chains of rubber molecules with and without sulfur. Irradiation is perhaps an effect similar to vulcanization, but is brought about by polymerizations. It was also of interest to compare irradiated and gelatinized sol rubber with gel rubber. All the experiments described in the present paper were carri...


People often estimate how they compare to other consumers when they make purchase decisions. Unfortunately, they tend to err in this task, and this can lead to negative consequences in their choices. Previous literature has largely argued that these errors in estimates of relative standing are due to underweighting or ignoring the reference group. Using a novel measure of people's perception of the reference group, we show that consumers do attend to that information but err in their estimates of relative standing because they tend to overestimate the dispersion of others' performances and attributes. Three studies support this argument and provide insights that enable marketers to alter consumers' relative assessment process in formerly discounted ways. We demonstrate straightforward tools that can change consumers' impressions of others and thus change relative assessments and purchase decisions.