IN an article in SPECULUM XLII (1967) R. E. Kaske has drawn attention to the disparity of the lettering on the pair of silver spoons from Sutton Hoo inscribed in Greek "+Saulos" and "+Paulos" and has suggested that the crudities of the lettering in "+Saulos" could be a deliberate device to represent unregenerate man contrasted with the straight-forward lettering of "+Paulos," the converted apostle, or, more simply, the inept copying by a native craftsman of the Byzantine inscription "+Paulos." The present writer would like to draw attention to a subject which relates to the first suggestion but is more patristic than archaeological and then to conclude with some remarks on the uses to which these spoons might have been put. It is clear from the New Testament that St Paul did not change his name from Saul on his conversion to Christianity but the notion that he did has been (and still is) widely believed. It is proposed to outline what may be called the Saul-toPaul legends and the theories advanced to explain the change of names as they are found in the writings of the early Christian fathers and to show that the Sutton Hoo spoons also illustrate one part of these legends. The change of names occurs in Acts of the Apostles xiii 9, which begins 2av)Xos 5U, o Kal llav)Xos KTX (Vulgate, Saulus autem, qui et Paulus etc.). This is the first time the name Paul is used and Saul does not recur after this verse in Acts or indeed anywhere in the Epistles. On the other hand Paul is still called Saul after his visit to Damascus and there is nothing in Acts to suggest that the change of names first occurred after his vision on the road to Damascus or at his baptism there by Ananias afterwards. The context of Acts xiii 9 is Paul's first important halt on his first missionary journey. At Paphos, at the court of the proconsul of Cyprus, Sergius Paulus, whom he afterwards converted, he is about to denounce Elymas the sorcerer. A great deal has been written to try to explain why the change of names occurs at this particular point. Although we cannot be certain of the correct answer it seems easiest to assume that Paulus was one of the tria nomina he had from birth as a Roman citizen and that Saul was his Jewish name. Such dual nomenclature was common in provinces of the Roman empire and there are many other instances in the New Testament.' Up to his journey to Cyprus Paul had been a Hebrew among Hebrews preaching mainly in synagogues. He was now embarked on a series of missionary journeys mainly among gentiles in the Roman empire where his Roman name was more useful. When Sergius Paulus asked him his name he would surely have replied, "I am Saul and I also am called Paul." Luke, the author of Acts, in changing his name on this occasion


Purpose - This research aims to identify processes and stages in managing sustainable change so that organizations are able to survive in different dynamic conditions, as all organizations (public, private and non-profit) are continuously forced to change to stay competitive in the society. The ability of the leaders of organization to strategically determine the direction of changes and manage change are the fundamental skills.
Methodology - This research is qualitative research using multiple-case study that carried out in six organizational settings within three different sectors. Data were collected in 2021, from archival reviews and semi-structured interviews with eighteen change leaders, from six organizations. The data coded and analyzed using NVIVO to find out the common pattern on how the leaders managing changes in three sectors.
Findings - The research identify five common building blocks of change: identifying rooms for improvement, organizing change agents, mobilizing support, executing change, and sustaining the change results.
Originality - Leadership development is identified as the most effective strategies for sustaining change and transformation initiatives in all three sectors. As this research is conducted in Indonesian institutional setting, the further studies are needed to investigate whether the five building blocks of change are universally applicable.


The evolution of the construction sector over the years has been marked by the replacement of high thermal inertia mass constructions by increasingly lighter solutions that are subject to greater thermal fluctuations and, consequently, thermal discomfort. To minimize these effects, energy demanding space conditioning technologies are implemented, contributing significantly to the sector's share of global energy consumption. Enhanced constructive solutions involving phase-change materials have been developed to respond to the constructive thermal inertia loss, influencing buildings' thermal and energy performance. This work aims to model the evolution of the construction over the last decades to understand to what extent constructive characteristics influence the occupants' thermal comfort. For this purpose, typical and enhanced solutions representing distinct constructive periods were simulated using the EnergyPlus® software through its graphical interface DesignBuilder® and the thermal comfort of the different solutions was evaluated using the adaptive model for thermal comfort EN16798-1. The main results reveal that more restraining regulatory requirements are indeed mitigating thermal discomfort situations. However, overheating phenomena can rise, creating worrying consequences in the short-medium term. Thus, countries with mild climates such as Portugal, must pay special attention to these effects, which may be aggravated by climate change.


It is shown that the application of a distributed source, formed by an automatic system, in electron beam welding has a positive effect on the structure and corrosion resistance of welded joints in a zirconium alloy with 2.5% niobium.


Family entrepreneurs in all honesty cannot grasp this new concept. Just now, while we are still experiencing a worldwide financial and economic crisis, which has by no means been overcome yet, there is talk of increasing taxation of assets. In recent years, small and medium-sized and larger family-run companies have succeeded in improving their equity ratio. This helped weathering the crisis better, allowed us to hold on to key specialists in our workforce and made us become more independent of a banking industry shaken to its core. And now, of all times, models are discussed to once again withdraw equity and the ability to place investments from German companies, whether directly or indirectly. Unfortunately, the people proposing these models work with smoke and mirrors that may mislead the less informed public. Even a 1 or 1.5 % tax or levy on assets will result in an explosion of the accumulated fiscal burden on a company's income of additionally approx. 20 %, especially since the proposed new taxes are only to be paid from profits.


An atomic multiplet cluster model was built for dimerized vanadium (V2), with each atom surrounded by a roughly octahedral crystal field. The hopping parameter between d‖orbitals on paired vanadium atoms was set to tσ = −0.77eV, similar to the value of −0.68eV from first principles calculations in Ref. [1]. The Coulomb monopole term for the repulsion of electrons on the same atom was set to Udd = 4.0 eV and the core-valence monopole term was set to Upd = 6 eV, similar to the values in Ref. [1, 2] and other literature. Hopping between the e π g -orbitals with lobes pointing between the paired V atom was set to tπ = −0.2eV. The crystal field was set by orbital site energies listed below, in which the eg -type orbitals are kept degenerate, but the σ orbital is placed 0.5eV lower in energy to match the standard picture of VO2 orbital energetics. The inverse lifetimes for XAS and RIXS simulations were obtained by defining a charge transfer threshold from 2.5-4.5 eV above the first resonance state energy. Lifetimes beneath the threshold were set to Γm = 0.5 eV, and lifetimes within the threshold region increase linearly to 1.2 eV. At higher energies, the lifetime increases linearly to a value of Γm = 1.5 eV 8.5 eV above the upper threshold boundary. An artificially small final state inverse lifetime parameter Γf = 0.1eV was used for easy visibility. These modeling parameters are listed in the following table:


Objective(s): Carbon nanotube (CNT) has been widely applied at molecular and cellular levels due to its exceptional properties. Studies based on conjugation of CNTs with biological molecules indicated that biological activity is preserved. Polyethylenimine (PEI) is explored in designing novel gene delivery vectors due to its ability to condense plasmid DNA through electrostatic attraction. In this study functionalization and grafting polyethylenimine onto the surface of carbon nanotube was used to improve the solubility and biocompatibility. Materials and Methods: The effect of molecular weight of polymer on final efficacy of vectors has been investigated using three different molecular weights of polymer. In this study no linker was used and both segments (PEI and CNT) were directly attached resulted in the synthesis of three different vectors. Synthesized vectors were tested for their ability to condense plasmid DNA and cellular toxicity using ethidium bromide and MTT assays. Size and Zeta potential of nanoparticles was determined using Malvern zeta sizer. Evaluation of transfection efficiency of vectors was carried out on N2A cell line by different methods including qualitative fluorescence imaging, flow cytometry and luciferase assay. Results: All three synthesized vectors bear positive surface charges with sizes in the range of 85-190 nm. More than 80 percent of treated cells were viable and in the case of V25 significant improvement in reducing cytotoxicity compared to unmodified polymer was observed. Obtained results indicated that vector containing PEI 1.8 kDa has the greatest improvement in terms of its transfection efficiency compared to unmodified polymer. Conclusion: Conjugation of PEI with carbon nanotube les to new vectors with lowered cytotoxicity and higher transfection efficiency. The highest transfection efficiency was obtained with the lowest molecular weight PEI.


The world is moving towards penal reform within the scope in the direction of civilization,of humanity,China's Criminal Law are also actively exploring it.Discussion on the humanitarian penalty is a good start.Some scholars at home and abroad have done some study on the problems of humanity.This paper tries to define the meaning of humanitarian penalty,and the humanitarian review over China's Criminal Law,the humanity is not only companied the penalty in the past and present,but also the future direction of the Penal Code.


The cellular localization of monoamines in the spinal cord of the mouse and the rat has been studied with the use of a fluorescence method for histochemical demonstration of certain cate-cholamines and tryptamines in combination with a pharmacological approach and transection experiments. Strong evidence was obtained for the view that noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) are localized in special systems of nerve tracts which from supraspinal centers descend in the lateral and anterior funiculi to terminate in the gray matter and which belong to monoaminergic neurons. The amines show a massive accumulation in the terminal part of the nerve fibres. This strongly indicates that both amines serve as synaptic transmitters in the spinal cord. Many nerve terminals containing NA or 5-HT are present in the anterior horns. They are more scarce in the posterior horns. Terminals of both kinds are highly concentrated in the sympathetic lateral column where most—if not all—of the nerve cells are surrounded by them. They originate—at least mainly—from a tract descending in the dorsolateral funiculi. This localization of the descending fibres suggests that they arc identical with the inhibitory fibres going to the sympathetic column.


Peperomia pellucida (Chinese betel) is considered as a plant with antioxidant activity for  inhibiting oxidation reactions. This study aims to determine the yield of secondary metabolites, total flavonoid levels, and antioxidant activity. Dried leaves of Chinese betel were macerated using 70% ethanol as solvent. The extract was partitioned until the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were obtained. A phytochemical screening test was followed by determining total flavonoid levels and antioxidant activity using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Phytochemical screening results containing an ethanolic extract of Chinese betel leaves (ECBL) showed positive results on alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, and tannin. Meanwhile, the ethyl acetate (EAF) and n-hexane (HF) fractions showed positive results only for flavonoid presence. The total flavonoid contents of ECBL, EAF, and HF were 3.30%, 2.54%, and 2.03%, respectively. The IC50 values of  ECBL, EAF, and HF were 7.51 ppm, 8.02 ppm, and 8.04 ppm, respectively. The highest flavonoid content was found in ECBL. Antioxidant activity test of Peperomia pellucida ethanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-hexane fraction showed potent antioxidant activity.
 Keywords: Antioxidant, Peperomia pellucida , DPPH


This document presents a streamlined approach to modeling filled pause distribution in spontaneous speech and populating a large clean corpus, making use of only the SRILM toolkit and a small training set. Although used for filled pause modeling, it can be fairly general and may be used to model other types of disfluencies, punctuation or sentence boundaries, with a minimal set of changes.


The first element-number of product or service units sold-usually is defined according to the firm's individual needs. The unit may be sales dollars, cases of cake mix, barrels of beer, hundredweights of meat products, passenger miles traveled, or insurance applications accepted. But there is seldom any doubt about the meaning of the measurement unit or its stability; and yet there is little need for a unit common to all business firms.


A comparison is made between two different kinds of predictors of school performance: previous school records and intelligence tests. It is shown that both predictors have their weaknesses, from a theoretical/psychometric as well as from a practical/ethical point of view. It is further demonstrated that a number of objections are particularly pertinent in developing countries. In this respect, special attention is paid to the negative effect on educational objectives and discrimination of less advantaged subgroups in the population. It is argued that, generally, school records may suffer more from these weaknesses than certain psychological tests, provided that the latter have been constructed carefully and have been adapted to the particular population. In the summary, therefore, an optimal "division of tasks" between school records and psychological tests is recommended.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the effects of two groups of exercise routines on cardiovascular disease risk markers.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
An intervention study was conducted with 319 Mexican school-aged children in which routines were implemented Monday through Friday for 12 weeks. Routine A was the reference group, with 20 min of less intense activity and routine B was the new group with 40 min of aerobic exercises. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass percentage (FM%), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipids, lipoproteins, glucose and insulin were measured before and after the intervention.

RESULTS
Routine A had an effect on diastolic pressure, while routine B had an effect on BMI, FM%, blood pressure and triglycerides. Routine B had a greater effect on blood pressure than routine A. The prevalence of obesity, high blood pressure and hypertriglyceridemia decreased in both groups.

CONCLUSION
Aerobic exercise is an effective health promotion strategy to reduce some cardiovascular disease risk markers.


Advances in the development of petroleum resources has contributed enormously to the global energy demand and economic development over the past decades, however, it has left profound negative impacts on the natural environment and adverse human health effects in most oil-producing host communities around the world. Apart from the loss of petroleum-derived revenue to corruption and ineffective government's petroleum development policies, the Niger Delta region has experienced a wide range of environmental pollution, degradation, human health risks and socio-economic problems associated with petroleum exploration, development and production. Over the years, several environmental laws have been institutionalized to regulate the petroleum sector in Nigeria. The Nigerian government and other African countries have played tremendous roles in the emergence of international environmental law that regulate the establishment of environmental institutions and legislations as well as strategies for conservation and management of natural resources. However, the existing Nigeria statutory laws and regulations for environmental protection appear to be grossly inadequate and some of the multinational oil companies operating in the Niger Delta region have failed to adopt sustainable practices to prevent environmental pollution. Poor implementation of national and international environmental policies associated with petroleum exploitation and production in the Niger Delta region have resulted in huge environmental costs, degradation and issues of responsibilities from the oil companies. Therefore, this research paper examines some of the contributions of multinational oil companies operation towards environmental degradation and the role of Nigerian Government in the implementation of the petroleum-related environmental policies in the Niger Delta region.


With the accelerated building of the high-speed railway network in the European Union (EU), debates about establishment of such infrastructure are becoming livelier even across Slovene territory. Unfortunately these debates are being led without a comprehensive vision or national strategic document for the issue, a condition corresponding to the management of the entire transport system. Consequentlly operation of this exceptionally important sector is continuously moving away from comprehensive, strategic and long-term deliberation and action. The ongoing trend is for fragmenting and limiting planning and management to independent transport sub-systems and the project level with a short-term perspective.


Owing to their extraordinary physicochemical, electrical, and mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene materials have been widely used to improve energy storage and conversion. In this article, we briefly review the latest development on fabrication of 3D porous structures of CNTs or graphene sheets or their hybrids, and their applications in various energy devices including supercapacitors, (bio-) fuel cells, and lithium ion batteries.


During four critical years in college, students ask big questions and form a stronger sense of identity, purpose, and personal conviction. Recent studies in the area of college student spirituality have indicated that, while college students have an increased interest in spirituality, many students experience spiritual struggle during these formative years. These questions and uncertainties about identity and spirituality arise even at faith-based institutions. In fact, some research (Bryant & Astin, 2008) has found that students at faith-based institutions are actually more likely to experience spiritual struggle during the college years than their peers at other institutional types, for reasons not previously researched. The current qualitative study examined factors that contribute to spiritual struggle within a faith-based institution, the experience of students experiencing struggle within a faith-based institution, and the institutional elements that support or challenge students during this developmental "crisis." Six themes emerged from the individual interviews conducted at a small, Midwest, faith-based institution. Students experiencing spiritual struggle entered college with strong religious upbringing, which had shaped their spiritual paradigm and framework. Various factors during the college experience created dissonance and led the participants to reexamine a framework that seemed inadequate or incomplete to address new questions and ambiguities. During the time of spiritual struggle, the students experienced frustration towards the religious climate on campus. Students kept their struggle private from most individuals and forums on campus, despite


Thirty-six thiosemicarbazones of methyl 2-pyridyl ketone and of some other methyl ketones were tested on Dysdercus cingulatus, Drosophila melanogaster, Locusta migratoria, Aedes aegypti, Tenebrio molitor and Musca domestica. Several derivatives were toxic, delaying or preventing ecdysis. The structure-activity relationship is discussed. The mode of action of these compounds appears to be different from that of juvenile hormones, anti-juvenile hormones, or chitin biosynthesis inhibitors.


Physical quantities obtained from the microcanonical entropy surfaces of classical spin systems show typical features of phase transitions already in finite systems. It is demonstrated that the singular behaviour of the microcanonically defined order parameter and susceptibility can be understood from a Taylor expansion of the entropy surface. The general form of the expansion is determined from the symmetry properties of the microcanonical entropy function with respect to the order parameter. The general findings are investigated for the four-state vector Potts model as an example of a classical spin system.


An experiment was conducted at Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, Mudigere to evaluate fifteen marigold cultivars for chlorophyll content of leafs, vegetative growth and yield. Chlorophyll 'a' was maximum in cultivar Nilakkotai Local Orange whereas Chlorophyll 'b' content and total chlorophyll content was maximum in cultivar Darmapuri Local. The genotype Nilakkotai Local Orange recorded the maximum plant height (104.20 cm), number of leaves per plant (392.47), whereas minimum plant height (66.80 cm), number of leaves per plant (135.53) was recorded in the genotype Pusa Narangi Gainda . In case of flower yield and quality attributes such as number of flower per plant (59.4), flower yield per plant (529.33 g), and xanthophylls content (20.19 mg/g petal meal) was maximum in Nilakkotai Local Orange, whereas minimum number of flower per plant (20.60), flower yield per plant (120.93 g) was recorded in the genotype Dwarf Yellow. Among these marigold genotypes studied, better performance in terms of vegetative growth, flower yield and quality parameters, genotypes Nilakkotai Local Orange, Coimbatore Local orange, Coimbatore Local Yellow were found promising for loose flower production under hill zone condition of Karnataka.


Attempts at understanding the well-documented secular increase of the trapped lunar 15N/14~ ratio (1,2) have been sorted into two classes (3): I. those which propose a change in the isotopic composition of the solar wind source reservoir; II. those which rely upon mechanisms peculiar to the lunar environment exclusive of compositional changes in the solar wind itself. Following, a comparison of the predictions of these two classes of models is made with recent measurements of lunar samples. In doing so, we consider the response of an "ideal" grain detector (i.e., one placed on the moon for welldefined intervals and subject to no regolith complications unrelated to ion implantation) subsequently studied by the stepwise temperature release technique. Type I Models Independent of the uncertain mechanism for generating a secular increase in the solar 15N/14N ratio (and for which no completely satisfactory model has been developed), the consequences for implantation into an ideal detector are nonetheless predictable. A schematic temperature release profile is illustrated in Figure 1. An essentially flat intermediate T release should obtain with a composition which depends upon the epoch of irradiation, increasing from a low value (61z-20%) at early times to a modern high value (62%+12%). Also represented are the effects of terrestrial gas adsorption at low T and spallogenic gas release, greater in the ancient sample, at high T. Type I1 Models Two varieties of this sort have been suggested. Variety A (4 ,5) supposes that an indigenous lunar gas with composition $61 was preferentially released early in the moon's history and reimplanted via the Manka-Michel mechanism (6) along with the solar wind N having a constant composition 62. The secular variation is ascribed to a declining contribution of the indigenous fraction with time analogous to the explanation for excess 40Ar in lunar soils (7). This situation is illustrated in Figure 2. In the instance of a larger B/v ratio for the ancient solar wind by a factor of about 10 (B=solar wind magnetic field strength; v=solar wind velocity), the release profile for the ancient sample would more closely resemble that in Figure 1 owing to the enhanced implantation energy of the lunar component that would result. Variety B (8) supposes that the solar wind composition has been constant at but that the flux was much larger in the past. Recirculation of the old solar wind implanted gas through the lunar atmosphere by impact vaporization and Manka-Michel reimplantation is necessarily fractionating giving a lower-energy atmospheric component with composition 82. The expected thermal release pattern is shown in Figure 3. Discussion At present all published data for recently exposed samples fit the pattern shown in Figure 3 and thus support models of type IIB. However, natural lunar samples, as opposed to an ideal detector, have complexities not taken into account above: i. multiple surface exposures can occur; ii. agglutination forms particles w z h mixed histories and possibly distinctive thermal release properties. Problem i. can be minimized by studying well-characterized samples with simple exposure histories. Becker and Clayton (4) have hypothesized that point ii. explains the observed release patterns of recently exposed bulk soil samTes (similar to that in Figure 3) if agglutinates give up their old gas at preferentially higher temperatures than mineral fractions. In this case the release curves for bulk soils would be more complex than those of the ideal detector and they would fail to be diagnostic. However, this proposal remains to be tested by studying thermal release curves for mineral separates. The encouraging recent development of


The MBE growth conditions for Be doped GaAs layers are evaluated from quantum efficiency of the negative electron affinity photocathodes made of these layers. The quantum efficiency of the GaAs layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy method at various growth conditions was measured in reflection mode operation. High quantum efficiencies were obtained with Be doping levels between 1018 and 1019 cm-3 at high As/Ga beam flux ratios and high substrate temperatures.


This study aims to determine the effect of learning motivation on the learning outcomes of Saburai University Law Faculty students. This research uses a quantitative research approach with a descriptive approach. Descriptive approach is the most basic form of research. Intended to describe the phenomena that exist, both natural phenomena or human engineering. This research was conducted at the University of the Earth Ruwa Jurai (SABURAI) in 2020. The data collection method in this study used a questionnaire (questionnaire) method. Data from 32 Saburai University Law Faculty students. This study uses a sampling technique used in this study is nonprobability sampling with purposive sampling method. The results showed that there was an influence of positive and significant learning motivation on the learning outcomes of Saburai University Law Faculty students.


Furo[3,2- g ]quinoline-4,9-diones were prepared through the reaction of active methylene compounds with 6,7-dichloroquinoline-5,8-dione, either by one step or two step method. Benzo[ b ]- and naphtol[1,2- b or 2,1- b ]furo[3,2- g ]quinolinediones were also prepared through the reaction of 6,7-dichloroquinoline-5,8-dione with phenols and naphtols in presence of pyridine. The structure of the synthesized compounds was determined by elemental and spectral analysis.


This study considers a dual-polarized intelligent reflecting surface (DP-IRS)-assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) single-user wireless communication system. The transmitter and receiver are equipped with DP antennas, and each antenna features a separate phase shifter for each polarization. We attempt to maximize the system's spectral efficiency (SE) by optimizing the operations of the reflecting elements at the DP-IRS, precoder/combiner at the transmitter/receiver, and vertical/horizontal phase shifters at the DP antennas. To address this problem, we propose a three-step alternating optimization (AO) algorithm based on the semi-definite relaxation method. Next, we consider asymptotically low/high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes and propose low-complexity algorithms. In particular, for the low-SNR regime, we derive computationally low-cost closed-form solutions. According to the obtained numerical results, the proposed algorithm outperforms the various benchmark schemes. Specifically, our main algorithm exhibits a 65.6 \% increase in the SE performance compared to random operations. In addition, we compare the SE performance of DP-IRS with that of simple IRS (S-IRS). For \(N = 50\), DP-IRS achieves 24.8 \%, 28.2 \%, and 30.3 \% improvements in SE for \({4} \times {4}\), \({8} \times {8}\), and \({16} \times {16}\) MIMO, respectively, compared to S-IRS.


This study aims to determine the MSME tax incentive policy during the Covid-19 pandemic at KPP Pratama Pasuruan. This research method is carried out qualitatively. The use of data in this research is based on interviews with tax officer. Data analysis in this research is explanatory or descriptive. The research finding that the MSME tax incentive policy during the Covid-19 pandemic at KPP Pratama Pasuruan was considered to help MSME business actors to reduce the amount of tax payable and increase the amount of local tax revenue. The tax incentive policy is regulated in PMK number 44/PMK.03/2020, by providing MSME tax incentives from 1 percent to 0.5 percent. Taxpayers are expected to take advantage of tax incentives so that they are more obedient in paying taxes to support Pasuruan tax revenues.


To predict possible catastrofic situation, we propose to mathematically model stability loss in society as a catathrophe with eight external parameters corresponding to eight colors selected by respondents in a poll. The poll uses L ¨ uscher eight-color test to find out respondents' opinion on the stability.


Abstract: The present investigation is on linear analytical study of thermohaline convective instability in micropolar ferrofluid using perturbation technique. The fluid layer is heated from below and salted from above. The theory of linear stability is used to reduce the non-linear effects on governing equations and normal mode analysis is taken to study. The critical magnetic thermal Rayleigh number NSC is obtained for sufficient large value of M1 and an oscillatory instability is determined. The parameters 1 N and 5 ' N are analyzed for stabilizing behavior and 3 ' N ,  and M3 give the destabilizing behavior. The results are depicted graphically.


3-Nitro-4-chloroquinoline 3 was converted to the azides 5/6. The azides were cyclized on thermolysis to furoxanes 7/8. Deoxygenation to furazane 9 was achieved by reaction with triphenylphosphane. The reaction conditions were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The azides 5/6 gave with triphenylphosphane the phosphazenes 10/11, which were cleaved to the aminoquinolone 12


The ubiquitous nature of location tracking technologies has resulted in an increase in movement data being collected. These data are used in many contexts, such as understanding animal migration, aiding in fisheries enforcement, or managing fleets of taxicabs. Such large volumes of data call for more efficient data visualization and analysis methods. This research provides a general approach to the analysis of movement data, named Hybrid Spatio-temporal Filtering (HSF), which allows analysts to filter data based on characteristics of movement within a geovisual analytics environment. Filtering signatures are defined by combining movement path complexity (fractal dimension) and velocity, to extract behavioural patterns from data sets. An evaluation within a fisheries enforcement case study (using VMS data), and comparison to other approaches, confirmed the approach is useful, easy to use, and superior to some other approaches. This research demonstrates the value of signature-building filtering approaches for large movement data sets.


IMPORTANCE Studies on the use of and adherence to secondary prevention therapies in patients with premature and extremely premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) are lacking. OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare aspirin use, any statin use, high-intensity statin use, and statin adherence among patients with premature or extremely premature ASCVD compared with patients with nonpremature ASCVD. DESIGN,SETTING,ANDPARTICIPANTS Thismulticentercross-sectionalstudyusedtheclinicaland administrativedatasetsoftheUSDepartmentofVeteransAffairs(VA)toidentifyadultpatientswith at least 1 primary care visit in the VA health care system between October 1, 2014, and September 30, 2015. The study cohort comprised patients with ASCVD (ischemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, or ischemic cerebrovascular disease) who were enrolled in the Veterans With Premature Atherosclerosis (VITAL) registry. Patients with missing data for date of birth or sex and those with limited life expectancy were excluded. Data were analyzed from November 1, 2019, to January 1, 2020. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, patients with premature or extremely premature ASCVD appeared to be less likely to use aspirin or statins and to adhere to statin therapy. This finding warrants further investigation into premature ASCVD and initiatives, including clinician and patient education, to better understand and mitigate the disparities in medication use and adherence. rural facility; median number of PCP visits in the 12 months before the index PCP visit; and percentage of patients receiving cardiological and PCP services in the 12 months before the index PCP visit. We ascertained themediannumberofdaysfromthefirstASCVDeventtotheindexPCPvisit,nonaspirinantiplatelet use, and anticoagulant use among this cohort.


We explain how the 8 dimensional semi-dihedral algebra is of interest to algebraic topologists. The semi-dihedral algebra of dimension 8 over F2 arises when considering real connective K-theory. Since real K-theory is the C2-fixed part of complex K-theory (either periodic or connective), the difference between real and complex is insignificant at primes other than 2. Hence we shall focus attention purely on the 2primary situation. We start by giving a little background on connective K-theory to explain the context, and then describe where the semi-dihedral algebra comes in. Let H = HF2 and HZ be the spectra (in the sense of stable homotopy theory) representing ordinary mod 2 cohomology and ordinary integral cohomology, respectively. Let ko and ku be the spectra representing connective real and complex K-theory, respectively, and let KO and KU be the spectra representing periodic real and complex K-theory. Thus, H and HZ are determined by simplices, e.g., via singular chains and cochains of a space, while KO and KU are determined by real and complex vector bundles, e.g., on a space X, respectively. (The value ofKU∗(X) when X is a spectrum, rather than a space, is a more homotopy theoretical object, not quite as directly related to vector bundles.) The connective theories, ko and ku, mix KO and KU with HZ. There are a couple of ways to look at this. First, we have cofiber sequences exposing the relation to cohomology: Σko η −→ ko c −→ ku R −→ Σko Σku v −→ ku −→ HZ −→ Σku HZ 2 −→ HZ −→ HF2 −→ ΣHZ The latter sequence is purely arithmetic, of course, but is included to show the analogy between ku's relation to HZ and HZ's better known relation to HF2. Here v is the map representing complex Bott periodicity, c is complexification, and R is a lift of realification, in that Σku v −→ ku R −→ Σko is the double suspension of realification. The map η is related to the fact that ko = (ku)2 , the part of complex K-theory fixed by complex conjugation. Second, the periodic theories are obtained from the connective ones by inverting Bott periodicity: KU = ku[1/v] = lim −→ (ku v −→ Σ−2ku v −→ Σ−4ku v −→ · · · ) and similarly KO = ko[1/v]. This latter makes sense because the map of coefficients ko∗ c −→ ku∗ hits the subalgebra generated by v (and more). So, roughly speaking, ku modulo v is cohomology, ku/v = HZ, while ku with v inverted is bundle theory, ku[1/v] = KU On the level of coefficient rings this is especially clear. Recall that the coefficient ring of a ring spectrum is its homotopy, Ei = πi(E), with product induced by the ring structure E ∧ E −→ E. Here, we have • HF2∗ = F2 • HZ∗ = Z • ku∗ = Z[v] • KU∗ = Z[v, v−1] • ko∗ = Z[η, α, β]/(2η, η, ηα, α − 4β), and • KO∗ = ko∗[β] Thus Spec(ku∗) is composed of the open set {v 6= 0} = Spec(KU∗), and its complement, the closed set {v = 0} = Spec(HZ∗). Similary, Spec(ku∗(X)) is augmented over Spec(ku∗) for any space X, and the parts sitting over {v = 0} and {v 6= 0} are given by the cohomology and the periodic K-theory of X respectively. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary: ; Secondary:


This paper explores the adaptation possibilities of reindeer herding regarding environmental changes at the Northernmost Swedish-Finnish border region. Four herding communities of Konkamaeno-Muonionjoki River Valley were chosen due to the cultural and environmental diversity of the region and the similarities of livelihood challenges. The objective is to conduct vulnerability assessment on the relations between reindeer herding and various environmental changes creating pressure for change. By such participatory assessment, we explored the interplay between cultural resilience and transformation as perceived by reindeer herders and whether the changes are considered as fair enabling the renewal of the livelihood or unjust imposed from outside. Our approach is based on interviews and workshop during which a scenario exercise was used for opening up critical discussions of potential transformative changes of herding. Results emphasise the multidimensional complexities of adaptation from the local point of view and the prominent role of cultural continuity within reindeer husbandry.


News of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen's discovery of the Xnay on November 8, 1895, and his subsequent publication on December 28, 1895, "On a New Kind of Rays," spread quickly throughout the world, prompting trustees and physicians at the Massachusetts General Hospital to decide that this new method of "photography" must be investigated at their institution. Thus began what would become the department of radiology. The task fell to the hospital apothecary, or pharmacist, Walter James Dodd, and his assistant, Joseph Godsoe, who already performed all hospital photography. This was the most logical choice, for the new method was considered merely a refinement of photography, with the ability to look beneath the skin for broken bones and metallic foreign bodies. It is not known precisely when the first X-ray image was made at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Dodd and Godsoe, working together after their regular day's work, probably achieved a faint image in March 1896. Harvey Cushing claimed that he and Emory 0. Codman, as interns, had made the first radiograph of a hand, but Frederic Washburn, quoting George Holmes and Joseph Godsoe, gives the honor to Dodd. Without judging who was first, let us remember that this radiograph was produced by a most primitive apparatus, compnising an evacuated Crookes on similar tube and powered by a hand-cranked static generator. The radiograph was probably made in the pharmacy. From there work moved to the neurological outpatient department in the Gay Ward. Other early locations were the Kingsley Photography Studio, located in a small separate building, and later two rooms on the ground floor of the Bulfinch building. In 1909 the department moved to the ground floor of the Gay Ward near the operating theaters. This would be its home until 1938 (Fig. 1). During the early days, Dodd and Godsoe worked alone. They scrounged, improvised, and constructed such mateniabs as glass tubes, often borrowing from the physics laboratories on electricians. In 1 900, Dodd realized that he must acquire an M.D. degree and began studying at Harvard Medical School. He was compelled to transfer to Vermont Medical School, where, studying intermittently, he received his M.D. degree in 1908. Returning to the Massachusetts General Hospital, he was named skiagnaphen to the hospital, possibly in honor of his achievement and possibly in recognition of the growing importance of the new method. In 1910,


The purpose of this report was to determine the frequency of the use of ferrous sulfate and polymaltosed iron medications for the treatment of anemia in a pharmaceutical establishment in Piura, province of Piura in the department of Piura, in which the performance of the pre-professional practices, during the period between July 2015 - June 2016. The study determination is based on the data provided by the sales computer system, which allows observing and obtaining information from the different brands with a greater degree of dispensation and commercialization that exist in the Peruvian market. Data of the dispensed units of drugs with ferrous sulfate and polymatosate iron in generic (if any) and brand during the period July 2015 - June 2016 were considered, resulting in a total consumption of 959 units and a sale value of S/. 29 939.70 for medicinal products with polymaltosed iron; and of 1361 units and a sale value of S/. 41 635.22 for medicines with ferrous sulfate, this being the one with the highest annual consumption and annual expenditure in a pharmaceutical establishment in the city of Piura in the period July 2015 - June 2016


Typical disease spot specimens were collected from different areas and pathogen isolation and pathogenicity tests were carried out to determine tobacco brown spot pathogen species in Henan province. Results showed that 60 out of 85 strains isolated from disease spot were confrmed to be pathogens of tobacco brown spot by Koch's postulation. They were identifed as three species of Alternaria by morphology characteristics using standard methods, i.e. Alter naria alternata, Alternaria longipes and Alternaria yaliinficiens. This is the frst report of A. yaliinfciens causing tobacco brown spot. The 5.8S rDNA-ITS gene sequences of representative strains of the three species and other strains of Alternaria alternata, Alternaria longipes and Alternaria yaliinficiens show no clear difference, which proved that the gene is not suitable for distinguishing these small-spore Alternaria species.


On account of the need of real-time monitor and alarm in smart grid,a new approach to ultra-short term intelligent forecasting of short circuit current is proposed.The extrapolation of grid state is conducted by ultra-short term load forecasting of nodes,and a short circuit current identification method based on GRNN is adopted to scan the short circuit current level of whole grid buses in short time,by which the intelligent identification is implemented.The approach provides a new idea of fast simulation modelling(FSM) in ultra-short time intelligent monitor,and a strong technical support for aid in decision(AID) of intelligent dispatch.The feasibility and validity of this approach is verified by the test on IEEE30 system.


Abstract An extensive application of a rain profiling algorithm (ZPHI) employing a C-band polarimetric radar (the C-POL radar of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre in Darwin) is presented. ZPHI belongs to the class of rain profiling algorithms that have been developed for spaceborne or airborne radars operating at attenuating frequencies. By nature, these algorithms are nonlocal: the full profile of the measured radar reflectivity is inverted to derive a retrieved profile of the rainfall rate. The retrieval accuracy lays in the imposition of an "external constraint" in the inversion procedure. In this case, that is supplied by the differential phase shift ΦDP. The primary products of ZPHI are the profile along the beam of the specific attenuation A, and the "normalized" intercept parameter N*0. The rainfall rate is further estimated through an R–A relation adjusted for N*0. ZPHI solves automatically two problems met when operating at C band: the along-path attenuation and the variability...


Plastering works are a sophisticated technology and using of a large amount of manual methods. Despite the development of mechanization, the amount of manual operations of plastering work remains significant and in some cases up to 60%. The article describes the methods of production of plaster works, as well as promising directions of development that improve the efficiency of finishing work in the construction of residential and public buildings.


Despite many advantages, the traditional static Bridge Weigh In Motion algorithm can fail to predict axle weights accurately due to vehicle and bridge dynamics and difference between theoretical models and measured bridge response. A new calibration procedure, a dynamic algorithm and the use of multiple sensor locations along the bridge (generally measurements are made at just one longitudinal section) are tested experimentally and with theoretical simulations of trucks on bridges. The findings lead to significant improvements in accuracy.


Using maps generated through the Kernel density estimator this work analyzes the density of fire points located in the Acarau River Basin during the years 2010-2015. Data was processed using QGIS Wien software, version 2.8. Maps were generated and heat densities were classified using a color scale, divided into five classes, represented by the colors white (very low), green (low), yellow (average), orange (high) and red (very high). The results show that over the years the hot spots were concentrated in the portion of the basin which covers the low and middle reaches of the Acarau River as well as in the areas near the Ibiapaba Plateau in its southwestern part. The year 2015 witnessed the most significant number of outbreaks of fire, totaling 3,813 hot spots, more than double the previous four years.


Lima bean scab, due to the fungus Elsinoe canavaliae , is a disease confined to this host. It is probably endemic in the Central American and West Indian regions, and is not known to occur in the United States. Being a well specialized parasite the fungus does not seriously injure its host, the outstanding damage arising from disfigurement of the pods. The evidence points to inter-season carry-over on living plants and to spread by wind. Temperature and moisture relations in Cuba indicate that it might be troublesome in at least some of our lima bean areas. Its relation to a long winter and frost are unknown and these might be limiting factors in the north. Successful control by spraying requires numerous applications involving excessive cost. The chief danger of introduction lies in the discarded pods, which may reach our fields by way of garbage. Point-of-origin inspection and certification is unsatisfactory; it both throws out too much of the crop and yet allows considerable scab infection to remain. Importation of lima beans in the shelled condition under refrigeration in transit would assure adequate protection and is regarded as a commercial possibility.


The article describes the development and establishment of forms and methods of church education of ordinary people since the mid XIX to the beginning of XX centuries. It also deals with the role of the clergy in church and moral education, general and specific problems encountered church educators.


Aiming at the problems of large error in manual reading of pointer meter and limited application environment, this paper proposes a pointer-based instrument recognition method based on image processing. Firstly, the acquired instrument image is preprocessed, and the pointer area is extracted by using image processing methods such as edge detection and contour tracking; Secondly, the LSD algorithm is used to extract the straight line segments of the graduated scale, and the center and radius of the dial are determined by fitting the circle at the midpoints of these straight line segments; Thirdly, the central tick mark is used to extract the main tick marks in the tick loop band, and the accuracy of the main tick mark extraction is improved by checking the relationship of the angle difference between adjacent tick marks; Then, the improved Hough transform method is used to detect the pointer line, the KNN algorithm performs character recognition, and the adjacent characters satisfying the preset distance and angle relationship are combined and stored to complete the matching of the main tick marks and values; Finally, a distance method is used to automatically read the pointer meter. The experimental results show that the method can get the meter reading better under different illumination and background conditions, and the error is smaller than the manual reading. The algorithm is stable and reliable.


How can the future agri-food business be made more efficient, transparent and safe? This article on a new MIP meat transparency system describes a future system aiming for an efficient transparency in meat supply chains with ITstandards. The shape of the new system will be highlighted on the background of preliminary ICT solutions and the recent developments in the FIspace project. The core of the supply chain wide transparency is built upon the EPCIS standard from GS1 which enables transparency in the cloud for all stakeholders. Not only the prerequisites but also the benefits from using such a standardized solution are explained for the different user groups. The article closes with an outlook to the further improvements and the expanded usage with new funding by the EU.


Wind tunnel tests were performed in order to study the wind flow field over hilly terrain and the effects of a wind turbine on a typical Mediterranean ecosystem. Cross-wire anemometry was used to measure wind speed and turbulence intensity, and Reynolds stress was estimated over the ground as well. The tests show changes in the wake behind the wind turbine, showing a decrease of wind speed and an increase of turbulence intensity caused by the system. Theoretical formulations allow to relate the measured disturbances in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) to seed dispersion by wind and evaporation rate. Results are in concordance with previous studies.


In contrast to conventional drives, with direct drives the motor is not created until it is integrated into the machine. The mechanical and electrical subsystems are merged to form the mechatronic system by the velocity and position control loops. Since control parameters have a crucial influence on the behavior of the complete system, a main goal of this article is to explain their importance for machine characteristics such as stiffness and dynamics. The disturbance behavior of directly driven systems is discussed in detail. Using the balance theorem, it is shown why an increase in stiffness gained by control in one frequency spectrum is always interconnected with a loss of stiffness for other frequencies. A finite element model of a roll serves to explain the modeling approach for directly driven machines and to show how the system stiffness can be increased by a proper choice of the encoder position


Dimensionless numbers such as mobility ratio and the viscous to gravity ratio provide a convenient way of assessing the flow regime and thus ranking performance when designing secondary and tertiary oil recovery processes. Until recently, however, their application has been limited to homogeneous reservoirs due to a) the lack of a robust heterogeneity index and b) the fact that the viscous to gravity ratio depends upon reservoir permeability and thus heterogeneity. In this paper we present 3D phase diagrams showing how recovery and breakthrough time depend upon mobility ratio, viscous-to-gravity ratio and heterogeneity. We review the literature on the application of dimensionless numbers to identify flow regime in oil recovery processes and select a recently developed heterogeneity index based upon vorticity to characterize heterogeneity. The index has been previously verified using heterogeneous reservoir descriptions taken from SPE10 model 2. We use the phase-diagrams to identify dominant flow regimes and provide criteria based on the dimensionless numbers for identifying those flow regimes when assessing alternative EOR processes.


The response time variability problem (RTVP) is a scheduling problem that arises whenever products, clients or jobs need to be sequenced in such a way that the variability in the time between the instants at which they receive the necessary resources is minimised. The RTVP is an NP-hard problem and heuristic and metaheuristic techniques are needed to solve non-small instances. The best results for the RTVP were obtained with a variable neighbourhood search algorithm and a tabu search algorithm. We propose a simulated annealing-based algorithm to solve the RTVP. A computational experiment shows that, on average, the proposed algorithm improves the best procedures published in the literature.


The invention discloses a pesticidal foliage fertilizer, which is prepared by grinding and uniformly mixing gibberellin 3, heteroauxin, brassinolide, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, zeatin, salicylic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-carboxylic acid. The fertilizer is a novel phytosterol foliage fertilizer with advantages of high efficiency, no toxicity and environmental friendliness, can promote the growth of plants by over 10 percent, and has no environmental pollution.


We identified a novel recombinant GII.P16-GII.12 norovirus associated with epidemic and endemic gastroenteritis during March 1, 2018–February 12, 2019, in Alberta, Canada. GII.12 viruses have not been detected in Alberta since 2000. Comparing the full genome of this strain to previously published sequences revealed this virus to be a novel recombinant strain.


It is well-known that the occurrence of urban heat islands (UHI) is related to climate change and urbanization. Urban locations experience local overheating throughout the summer, which is uncomfortable and it has a detrimental impact on buildings ability to consume energy. In this study, a methodology was developed to assess the urban heat island effect in a localized urban area and to evaluate the effects of different kind of mitigation strategies. The numerical model was developed using the ENVI_met tool and it was calibrated with weather data and albedo measured inside the examined area and near the simulated domain. The procedure adopted overtaking the limit of the software in reproducing accurate weather conditions without calibration. Finally, combination of extensive mitigation strategies (cool pavements, greenery, grass pavers) with local strategies (shading) were investigated. An experimental and numerical investigation of a square in Rome was exanimated to evaluate the possible solution for mitigating outdoor air temperatures. Results of the paper affirm that an intervention on the pavement albedo and the increase of vegetation inside the square, lead to an improvement of the air thermal conditions. In particular, the application of the grass pavers would lead to the greatest benefits. A maximum decrease in the air temperature of 1.2 °C was obtained through the application of cool material, while the reduction reaches up to 2.88 °C when a grass paver is applied. The improve of the vegetation can bring to a maximum decrease of 1.46 °C, while the use of shading projecting roof allows a reduction up to a maximum of 2.07 °C.


Objective To investigate the curative effect and side effect of concomitant chemoradiotherapy to the advanced cervical carcinoma.Methods The patients of advanced cervical carcinoma were randomly divided into two groups From Jun 2006 ~ Jun 2009:concomitant chemoradiotherapy group and only radiotherapy group.The efficacy and adverse effects of both groups were compared.Results In the group of concomitant chemoradiotherapy,the response rate(CR plus PR)were 93.3%,and the 2 year survival rate were 82.2%.In the group of radiotherapy alone,the response rate(CR plus PR)were 70.0%,and the 2 year survival rate were 55.0%.There were significant differences in two groups(P 0.05).More serious toxicity was found in the group of concomitant chemoradiotherapy,but it could be tolerable.Conclusion Concomitant chemoradiotherapy in advanced cervical carcinoma can acquired curative effect and was safe and economical,so it was worth of clinical application.


X‐ray diffraction measurements for stoichiometric TaC single crystals encapsulated in carbon nanotubes in the temperature range from 7 to 273 K are reported. Mean‐square displacements of Ta and C atoms, 〈u2〉, in the encapsulated crystals are derived from the integrated intensities of the (hkl) Bragg reflections by assuming 〈uTa2〉=〈uC2〉. The experimental value of √〈u2〉 at 273 K is in agreement with the rippled displacements of the bulk TaC (100) surface atoms, which have been explored in a low energy electron diffraction measurement. The effective Debye temperature Θ′ derived from its temperature dependence is 340±10 K, which is about 70% of that for bulk TaC. The predicted softening of transverse acoustic surface phonon mode (the Rayleigh mode) along the M symmetry axis in the surface Brillouin zone, by Ishida and Terakura, is in good accord with the decrease of Θ′. Linear thermal expansivities, Δa/a273, for the encapsulated crystals and for bulky crystalline particles show a marked difference below 150 ...


A novel high step-down dc–dc converter with voltage demultiplier cell is proposed in this paper, which is widely used in the high step-down applications such as electric vehicle and digital circuits. The combination of switched-capacitor and coupled-inductor is employed to build extended voltage demultiplier in the proposed converter, which makes a quite higher voltage conversion ratio than that of the existing counterparts. Thus, the proposed converter can achieve extremely low output voltage with an appropriate duty ratio, and the extreme duty cycle is avoided. Accordingly, voltage stress on power switches is greatly reduced. Then, mosfets with low conduction resistance could be utilized to reduce conduction loss. Importantly, zero-voltage switching could be achieved for the main switch, which promotes the conversion efficiency further. In addition, the coupled inductor operates not only as a filter inductor, but also as a transformer when the main switch is in the off state, which reduces the volume of the magnetic core and improves the power density of the converter. The operation principle, performance analysis, design considerations of the proposed converter and performance comparison with recent counterparts are discussed in detail, and finally, an experimental prototype is built to verify the theoretical analysis and performance of the proposed converter.


[Objective] To compare and analyze the three different detection methods for enterobacter sakazakiiin infant formula powder. [Methods] According to the detection methods of FDA, ISO and pyruvic acid sodium recovering for enterobacter sakazakii, enterobacter sakazak from 48 samples of infant formula milk powder were isolated and identified. [Results] There were two, three and five positive samples separately be detected using the three methods. [Conclusion] Application of the selectivity of the mlST-Vm and DFI media can decrease the workload and improve the efficiency, make the whole detection simple, less laborious and time-consuming. If using pyruvic acid sodium at the same time to repair the pathogen, the undetected rate can be reduced, and the detection rate of Enterobacter sakazakii can be significantly improved.


The process of forming the image of a civil servant should be carried out in two directions: influencing the external environment – public opinion, using the media, and the internal environment – the formation of a personal image. The rationale for the need to form a stable positive image of a civil servant has been presented in the article. The most popular image formation technologies, their concepts, characteristics and goals, as well as their application methods have been considered. The use of image formation technologies has been studied on the example of Russian civil servants at the Federal and regional levels, as well as civil service and military service. The features of the direction in forming the image of each of these types have been analysed.


The apolipoprotein (APOE) gene has been studied due to its influence on Alzheimer's disease (AD) development and work in an APOE mouse model recently demonstrated impaired respiratory motor plasticity following spinal cord injury (SCI). Individuals with AD often co-present with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) characterized by cessations in breathing during sleep. Despite the prominence of APOE genotype and sex as factors in AD progression, little is known about the impact of these variables on respiratory control. Ventilation is tightly regulated across many systems, with respiratory rhythm formation occurring in the brainstem but modulated in response to chemoreception. Alterations within these modulatory systems may result in disruptions of appropriate respiratory control and ultimately, disease. Using mice expressing two different humanized APOE alleles, we characterized how sex and the presence of APOE3 or APOE4 influences ventilation during baseline breathing (normoxia) and during respiratory challenge. We show that sex and APOE genotype influence breathing during hypoxic challenge, which may have clinical implications in the context of AD and OSA. Additionally, female mice, while responding robustly to hypoxia, were unable to recover to baseline respiratory levels, emphasizing sex differences in disordered breathing.


Objective: To determine the frequency of urinary tract infections and the spectrum of microorganisms causing UTI and their antibiotics susceptibility pattern in children age between 1 month and 12 years. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 131 patients of suspected UTI, from the department of pediatric medicine were included, from June-2020 to Nov-2020. 5 milliliters of urine sample were collected and sent to the hospital laboratory for determination of UTI. If UTI was confirmed, samples were further processed to determine the pattern of organisms causing UTI and their antibiotic spectrum. Results: Mean age of the patients included in this study was 6.07±256 years. There were 75 (57.25%) male patients, and 56 (42.75%) female patients. Urinary tract infections were diagnosed in 30 (22.90%) patients. E. coli diagnosed in 14 (46.67%) patients. Resistant strains were diagnosed in 3 (10%) patients. Regarding antibiotic sensitivity, 3rd generation cephalosporins and carbapenems were sensitive to many organisms. Conclusion: E. coli is the predominant uropathogen causing UTIs in children. Third generation cephalosporins are optimal initial choice for management of UTI in children. Keywords: urinary tract infections, causating micro-organisms, antibiotic sensitivity


To develop an estimation method of multi-directional cyclic shear-induced pore water pressure on clays with a wide range of plasticity indices, normally consolidated specimens of Kaolinite clay, Tokyo bay clay and Kitakyushu clay were subjected to the uni-directional and multi-directional cyclic simple shears under the undrained condition. Then firstly, the effects of cyclic shear direction on the pore water pressure accumulation and secondly, the relationships between the plasticity index of clay and the pore water pressure accumulated during cyclic shear were investigated. In conclusion, it is clarified that when a saturated clay is subjected to uni-directional or multi-directional cyclic simple shear under the undrained condition, the pore water pressure induced by multidirectional cyclic shear increases considerably larger than those generated by the uni-directional one and such a tendency is seen in clays with a wide range of the plasticity indices. The plasticity index of clayey soil significantly affects the pore water pressure generation and the higher the plasticity index of soil, the slower the rate of pore water pressure accumulation which leads to the smaller pore water pressure, irrespective of cyclic shearing conditions. A pore water pressure model was developed by incorporating the plasticity index as an experimental constant and the applicability of this model was confirmed.


Death and bereavement have led many authors to express their personal emotions. Only recently, however, have behavioral scientists investigated the variety of attitudes and reactions to grief and death. This book is a collection of such studies, with brief interpretative comments by the sociologist-editor. The excellence of most of the papers, their skillful arrangement, and the wide range of sources, all justify this compilation, which is not marred by the fragmentation, repetition, and unevenness of most "instant books." One might quibble about the title—the book says much about death, little about identity. Has "identity" been used because it is one of the fashionable words of the moment, like "seminal," "operational," "parameter," or "alienation"? The first paper, by Robert Lifton, reports on interviews in 1962, of those who survived the Hiroshima bombing. This overwhelming encounter with death produced lasting effects, including, often, hostility, a sense of new and unwanted identity, and,


The invention provides an access device and method for critical resources. The access device is applied to the interior of a multi-core processor. The device executes the following processing flow paths that A, before accessing the critical resources, a value of the automatic spin lock caching variable is read from a preset cache to a specific register, whether the automatic spin lock caching variable is an initial value is judged, and if yes, the step B is executed; B, the value of the automatic spin lock caching variable in the specific register is upgraded; C, whether other cores get access to the automatic spin lock caching variable after the automatic spin lock caching variable is read to the specific register is judged, if yes, the step A is executed, if not, the value in the upgraded register is stored into the preset cache, and access to the critical resources can be achieved. According to the technical scheme, the problem that the speed for getting access to the critical resources in the prior art is low is effectively solved, and the user experience is improved.


Fourier analysis is an elegant and powerful method for expressing general functions as a sum of simpler trigonometric functions. In this presentation the PhET sim "Fourier: Making Waves" http://PhET.colorado.edu/en/simulation/fourier, will be presented including the research behind the simulation, how students react to the sim, and ideas for use in class. Students typically learn the math needed to do Fourier transforms and learn how to express a function in time or space and in terms of wavelength, wave number, or mode. However, many of these relationships are only memorized for the short term (exam) and are not retained. This simulation is designed to help students visualize how a combination of simple sines and cosines can create a more complicated function and listen to the sounds produced by each harmonic. They can explore each of the symbols lambda, T, k, omega, and n to learn what each represents on the graph and their relationships with one another. There is also a game tab with ten different leve...


Received Signal Strength estimation plays a vital role for Transmission Power Control in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). The received signal from the wireless channel is attenuated by a lot of noises such as interference noise, additive white Gaussian noise and measurement noise. To obtained a noise free and accurate data RSSI estimation is very important. Here Fading Channel model is used to represent the real scenario of Wireless Channel for RSSI estimation for various noisy environment conditions such as high noise environment, medium noise environment and low noise environment. RSSI obtained for Kalman Filter (KF) estimation is very accurate, since it performs filtering along with estimation. This estimated RSSI plays a crucial role for deciding the next transmission power required for Fuzzy logic based Transmission Power Control (TPC). Thereby increasing the life time of WSN.


A broadband pin-board switch system using high-precision pin-handling technology was studied. It can crossconnect 320 twisted pair cables with 240 twisted pair cables. Experiments showed that the error rates of the system applied to a 100-Mbps Fast Ethernet LAN and a 150-Mbps ATM LAN meet the criteria of the LAN links.


Natural gas is to remain a fundamental energy commodity in Italy and in the European Union during the coming decades. With a view to an increasing market integration, Italy and countries from Central and Eastern Europe could be interested in building a single regional market, implying a convergence towards a regional gas trading hub as a first step, then leading to a full-fledged market hub where the Italy would be the center. As a result of such a Euromediterranean hub countries of the region would improve their security of supply, reduce natural gas prices, and facilitate investments in new infrastructures. Necessary prerequisites for the establishment of this Euromediterranean hub are a stable alliance between governments and companies of consuming countries, collaboration agreements with producing and transit countries, the independence of the grids and a shared system of rules for grid access and use. The ownership separation of Snam, the Italian gas grid operator, from Eni as proposed by the Italian Government may represent a unique opportunity towards these goals.


In this paper, a method is proposed to overcome the consensus error in an average consensus problem, under a distributed setting and with finite-bit communications between the network agents. Previous works have illustrated that the average consensus problem can be solved under a distributed setting, using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) method, in which consensus can be attained by using locally available information along with information from neighboring nodes. This holds true even under finite-bit exchanges between neighbouring nodes, but suffers from consensus errors and cyclic states due to the introduced quantization schemes. This work deals with achieving perfect consensus with finite-bit communications between neighboring nodes. We propose an algorithm which leads to perfect consensus in an asymptotic sense, without the need to increase the per-exchange communication rate of the network.


Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) may be a very promising alternative method for antimicrobial treatment of many localised infections. In the present study we report the activity of three lanthanides (Eu(III), Pr(III), Yb(III)) complexes of Fotolon sensitizer, composed of chlorin e6 and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), against standard E.coli P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus ATCC strains. The 160±10mW/cm2 of 651 nm laser light was applied for 600 seconds after photosensitiser administration (50μg/ml) and 30 minutes incubation time. Impact of pure Fotolon and pure lanthanides solution was examined as control groups.


The author draws on the distinctions between representations of space and spaces of representation contained in Lefebvre's Production of Space, and examines the postwar modernisation of Glasgow. In the first part of the paper he considers the images of the city presented in the city's two postwar master plans; one drawn up by central government, the other by local government. These two very different representations of the space of Glasgow as a modern city sparked off a political struggle over the making of the built environment which has left its imprint on the city's contemporary urban landscape. In the second part of the paper he uses the work of several Glasgow poets to illuminate the consequences of the modernisation process for the lived spaces of the city—the spaces of representation. The poets' reading of the modern city vividly illustrates the effects of the colonisation of concrete space by the abstract spaces of the master plans. Weaving together these two different, but closely related, discourses about the city—planning and poetry—he provides a specific example of the significance of Lefebvre's conceptual framework for making sense of the urban landscape of the modern city.


Suppose that (X, o) is a 3-dimensional terminal singularity of type cD or cE defined in C 4 by an equation that is non-degenerate with respect to its Newton diagram. We show that there exists at most one non-rational divisor E over (X, o) with discrepancy a(E, X) = 1. We also describe all the blow-ups of the singularity (X, o) with non-rational exceptional divisors of discrepancy 1. Bibliography: 12 titles. We study resolutions of 3-dimensional Gorenstein terminal singularities. The definition, classification, and main properties of terminal singularities are given in (1). We shall need certain notions of toric geometry (see (2)); in particular, the Varchenko-Khovanski˘ i embedded toric resolution is very important (see (3)). In what follows all the singularities are assumed to be 3-dimensional and defined over the field C of complex numbers. Let π : Y → X be a resolution of a terminal variety (singularity) X ,a nd letE be a prime exceptional divisor of π. In (4), Corollary 2.14 it was proved that E is a bira- tionally ruled surface. Moreover, if (X, o) is a germ of a singularity of type cA/r, r 1, then all the E with discrepancies a(E, X) 1 and centre centreX(E )= o are rational (see (5), 2.4). The importance of the condition a(E, X) < 1i s that exceptional divisors with this property are present in every resolution of X; excep- tional divisors with discrepancies a 1 and centre at o appear in every divisorial resolution (we identify two divisors over X if they produce the same discrete valu- ation of the field k(X)). However, over terminal singularities of other types there are non-rational divisors with a 1. Some examples are given in § 4. In the present paper we describe the non-rational exceptional divisors with discrepancy a = 1 and centre at o ,w here (X, o) is a Gorenstein terminal singularity of type distinct from cA ,t hat is, a cD -o rcE-singularity. Note that since X is Gorenstein, 1 is the least possible value for a(E, X). We also assume that (X, o) is defined by an equation that is non-degenerate with respect to its Newton diagram. Our results are stated in Theorems 2.2 and 2.3 in section 2. This research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 02-01-00441) and the Programme of Support of Leading Scientific Schools of


Based on lots of environmental temperature experiment data of the micromachined vibratory gyroscope,a bias temperature compensation model is established according to the experiment data.The precasting compensation is performed to the new experimental data,and the results of compensation show that its bias is reduced to one tenth of the original.


Have White skin is one of the many beatiful caterigories that are ideal for every teenagers. This study aim to determine the using of facial whitening cosmetic produts in young women. This study was conducted on resident of RW 04 Sukasari Village Tangerang. Cosmetic product use are cosmetic products for facial whitening. Teenage daughter of RW 04 Sukasari Village Tangerang use pond's brand whitening cosmetic productswhich suiteble for their skin.


Aiming at problems in control system,such as the long development cycle,poor openness,complex operation,low utilization ratio and the like,the idea about reconfigurable technology was applied to develop the electromechanical control system,a kind of modularized and static reconfigurable structure of control system was presented.On this basis,a group for action rule warehouse was defined,the analytic method of master computer and coupling mechanism of the slave computer were specified.At last,based on the programming port communication protocols for Mitsubishi FX serials,its feasibility and effectiveness were validated with the visual programming software and programmable logical controller.The result shows that this designing idea of system structure can make the rapid reconfiguration of the system′s outputting logic,decrease the operation complexity,improve the development effectiveness and utilization of the electromechanical equipment,and enhance the system′s flexibility.


Abstract The ecological worldviews of 95 undergraduates were assessed via Blaikie's Ecological World View scale (1992). Positive ecological worldviews were associated with receptivity to arguments for preserving endangered species based on ethics and morality, the importance of a species to the ecosystem, and one's ability to make a difference; the type of organism that was endangered was not a factor in determining the effectiveness of a message. There was no relationship between ecological worldviews and receptivity to arguments on the basis of aesthetics or economics. Women had more positive ecological worldviews and found moral arguments to be more persuasive than did men.


Language as the means of human communication plays a great part in our life. Moreover, semantics is one of the branches of linguistics, semantics in the philosophical and scientific study about meaning; it is the study of meaning of linguistics sign. Those are word, expression, and sentence. Furthermore, in semantics, meaning may be categorized into three levels; they are lexical meaning, sentential meaning or utterance meaning, and discourse meaning.

This research investigated in lexical meaning especially in connotative and denotative meaning implied in System of a Down's lyrics. It uses descriptive qualitative method. The data are in the form of lyrics written by System of a Down. The data are taken from many sources they are from internet and magazine published by MTV.

This research, found that there are positive and negative meaning in the lyrics of
system of a down's song. The positive connotative meaning is mostly used by system of a down because they mostly give uses religious term to give their hearers and negative connotative meaning also found in these lyrics.


Due to the complex structure of the planetary gear train, the influence of early fault on the dynamic characteristics of the planetary gear train is complex and changeable. This paper proposes a time-varying meshing stiffness (TVMS) calculation model of internal meshing considering the coupling effect between teeth; and a multi-tooth coupling stiffness calculation model of the planetary gear train. The Archard equation is used to calculate the wear depth; moreover, the potential energy method calculated The TVMS of the planetary gear train under the wear state. The wear fault will cause the TVMS of the gear to decrease. In the two-stage planetary gear train, the TVMS of the first-stage sun-planet gear decreases more obviously. In addition, there is a specific coupling effect between the sun, ring, and planetary gear. The influence of the wear fault on the two-stage planetary gear train is analyzed by calculating the synthetic stiffness considering the meshing phase difference. The results show that under the same wear fault condition, the more teeth involved in meshing, the more significant the decrease in coupling stiffness.


Taking ten health clubs in Huizhou as the study subjects,the paper carries on a study on the current situation of these clubs,management,fitness instructors and members of the clubs and analyzes its future development and problems,and propose the corresponding solutions with the adoption of literature analysis,questionnaire survey,expert survey,interview,logical analysis,statistics analysis.


A heterotrophic acidothermophilic bacterium TC-2 was isolated from an acid spring sample collected in Tengchong, Yunnan, China.The gram-negative-staining cells of the strain were straight long rods, 2.0?5.0 μm in length and 0.3?0.5 μm in diameter.The temperature range for growth was from 45 ℃ to 70 ℃ with an optimum temperature of 55 ℃.The pH range for growth at 55 ℃ was from 1.5 to 4.0 with an optimum at 2.5.This bacterium can use a wide variety of organic compounds to support fast growth, but can not utilize chalcopyrite as energy source.16s rRNA gene Analysis reveal that this strain closely relates to Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis, with over 99% sequence similarity between each other.Co-bioleaching of chalcopyrite with Acidianus manzaensis,Sulfolobus metallicus and Metallosphaera sedula shows that the strain TC-2 can improve leaching rates of the sulphide minerals.


As of 2010 more than half of the world's population lives in urban areas. In the United States, this number is closer to 70%. Because of the high concentration of people in urban locations, those e...


The author argues that a range of "constituencies" must take concerted action if we are to contain healthcare costs and avoid restrictive new regulations.


The architecture and the materials used in the constructions have always been the symbol of the culture and progress of a people. each historical period can be described in its complexity through the architectural heritage. The built environment is really an extraordinary testimony of the creativity and intelligence of humankind, of its enormous possibilities but also of its limitations as well as of a certain sensitivity and world view. This paper illustrates a multidisciplinary and historical-critical study of the main architectural trends in Italy in the first half of the 20th century: from the futurism of the early 20th century to the rationalism of the fascist period. The work is focused on the role of the architecture in the socio-economic development of a country and on the complex relationship between materials innovation and architecture, which originates even today the debate between modernity and tradition. The results highlight the outstanding importance in the evolution of the different ways of conceiving architecture. It can be just a utopia as in the futuristic architecture, a drive towards a better world which will be able to meet the growing needs of an ever-changing world, or rise to fulfil the function of science and art through the innovative use of new materials and manufacturing technologies.


Simple Summary Considering the chemical composition of cricket powder, specific nutritional goals (such as high protein content) can be achieved by including cricket powder, even at low levels (i.e., 5%). However, when formulating new food products, it is worth assessing the functional properties of the new ingredient and/or formulation. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the technological properties of cricket-enriched wheat flours to be used in the development of staple foods, such as bread or pasta, whose features are also discussed. Abstract The recent socio-economic situation requires producers to change the composition of basic foods. The aim of this study was to assess the technological properties of wheat flour enriched with cricket powder (CP) (at 5%, 10%, and 20% levels) for the development of bread and pasta. The hydration (i.e., water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, water absorption index, water solubility index, and swelling power), foaming (i.e., foaming capacity and stability),emulsifying (emulsifying activity and emulsion stability), and rheological (during gluten aggregation, mixing, extension, and leavening) properties were investigated. Finally, bread and fresh pasta were prepared and characterized. Emulsifying activity, stability, and foaming capacity decreased in the presence of CP, whereas foaming stability and water solubility increased. The results on dough rheology highlighted the need to increase the amount of water, and to decrease the mixing and leavening time, to keep an acceptable bread volume. Indeed, 10% CP enrichment led to a product characterized by a similar volume and crumb hardness to the control (wheat flour). Despite the decrease in extensibility caused by CP, it was possible to produce fresh pasta enriched with CP, with the best cooking behavior obtained at a 5% replacement level.


Background: Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is an alkylating agent and is widely used in cancer chemotherapy. Several studies have also shown that long term administration of cyclophosphamide has the ability to produce various toxicities in individuals. Popularity of Centella asiatica (CA) or pegaga as one of the local medicinal plants is mostly due to its reputation is used as a wound healing agent and brain stimulant. The herb is said to have various medicinal properties, like it has direct effect in lowering blood pressure and is often referred to as a rejuvenating medicament in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of aqueous plant extract (PE) of CA against cyclophosphamide induced toxicity in experimental rats. Method: The whole plant aqueous extract of CA was administered to rats orally for 15 days. On day 13 th , 14 th and 15 th cyclophosphamide was also given orally to rats after 30 minutes of administration of aqueous extract of CA. After 15 days animals were sacrificed and were investigated for Melondialdehyde (MDA), Reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), total protein content, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, body weight, organ weight and were compared relatively among experimental groups. Results: It was found that the group which was pretreated with CA showed the decreased levels of oxidative stress related parameters when compared with the group which was treated with cyclophosphamide alone. Conclusion: Present study has shown that cyclophosphamide which is used as anticancer drug exhibited oxidative stress in experimental rats and CA was found to exert beneficial effects against the toxicity caused by cyclophosphamide upto a certain extent. Preetibala Adatiya* and Preksha Jaisawal


Sensor network applications such as environmental monitoring demand that the data collection process be carried out for the longest possible time. Our paper addresses this problem by presenting a routing scheme that ensures that the monitoring network remains connected and hence the live sensor nodes deliver data for a longer duration. We analyze the role of relay nodes (neighbours of the base-station) in maintaining network connectivity and present a routing strategy that, for a particular class of networks, approaches the optimal as the set of relay nodes becomes larger. We then use these findings to develop an appropriate distributed routing protocol using potential-based routing. The basic idea of potential-based routing is to define a (scalar) potential value at each node in the network and forward data to the neighbor with the highest potential. We propose a potential function and evaluate its performance through simulations. The results show that our approach performs better than the well known lifetime maximization policy proposed by Chang and Tassiulas (2004), as well as AODV [Adhoc on demand distance vector routing] proposed by Perkins (1997).


For safety-critical systems testing the justification of test case selections is mandatory. In the case of systems under test (SUT) with large data types (floats, doubles etc.) test cases are identified using the equivalence class partitioning principle. While this heuristic is useful for reducing the otherwise infeasible number of test cases to be performed, justification of the class partitions selected is currently mainly performed on an intuitive level which is inadequate for safety or mission critical systems. In this paper, we therefore introduce a rigorous justification principle for equivalence class partitions which is based on the fact that the classes selected lead to an exhaustive test suite of the SUT, provided that it fulfills certain fault hypotheses.


Although grinding inherently produces a better involute form and finer surface finish than other basic gear-fabrication methods, equipment, and experience in grinding 120-pitch gears with 0.100inch pitch diameter were not available when Bendix Kansas City placed a process development contract with the Fellows Company. Bendix had been producing a functional miniature gear by hobbing, but the required surface finish was borderline and burrs on the part were difficult to remove. As a result of this project, a repeatable process was developed for grinding the tooth form and maintaining a l6AA surface finish with minimum burrs. An experimental machine was used in this process development; production equipment is not yet available in U. S. industry for this process but could be developed. (auth)


indicated that the laying hen is able to utilize certain sources of non-protein nitrogen for egg production. A study has been made of two sources of non-protein nitrogen, diammonium citrate (DAC) and diammonium phosphate (DAP), in an attempt to confirm these findings, Little attention has hitherto been given to the iron content of animals on protein-calorie deficient diets but adequate iron intake. The results are now reported of experiments on groups of growing mice (six in each group) fed on diets of NDpCdO/, =5 (low protein) and NDpCalO/,=Io (high protein); all the animals received the same amount of iron. The feeding was continued until the animals on the diet of low protein value attained the same weight as those on the diet of high protein value (I I weeks of age). When the animals were sacrificed, haematological measurements were made and the carcasses analysed for iron. In a growth trial with sixty-four hybrid chickens crude and refined acidulated soapstocks (Unilever procedure) from sunflower oil with a free fatty acid content of about 8s0/" were compared with beef tallow and soya-bean oil as fat supplements for broiler rations. At I week of age the birds were allotted at random to single cages and to four groups. The four fat supplements were included in a broiler mash at a 5 % level. Fatty acid patterns of the supplements as determined by gas-liquid chromato-graphy


The use of reinforced concrete in construction is recent, starting by the end of the nineteenth century. Since the 30s of last century, the use of reinforced concrete in buildings and infrastructures became more popular and widespread. In Portugal a lot of old buildings with reinforced concrete structure, built between the early 50s and late 70s of XX century, still exist. These buildings, designed not according to 1983 regulation documents (Safety Regulations and Actions for Building and Bridges Structures) may have serious structural and foundation deficiencies, which may severely impair their ability to withstand intense earthquake. Even in cases where the integrity of a structure of reinforced concrete is not jeopardized by poor performance, it is often necessary to adapt these older buildings to new uses or new performance requirements. The present case study concerns an old reinforced concrete building, whose design dates from 1956. This is a building with an area of (38 × 10) m, consisting of 7 floors, and containing a lower partially buried floor. At present the building is being subjected to an intervention for structural reinforcement and functional requalification to adapt to new use. This article describes the main pathologies observed in the building before the intervention carried out and some of the rehabilitation works performed. Lurdes Belgas, Jorge Mascarenhas and Fernando G. Branco 2


The possibility of amplification of electromagnetic radiation is theoretically studied in the scattering of a quasi-classical electron by an ion in a field of linearly polarized waves of medium intensity. An expression for the total cross-section (the gain coefficient) for the wide interval of values of the adiabaticity parameter is obtained. It is shown that the wave amplification takes place in the range of values of adiabaticity parameter greater than 2 and can be sufficiently large.


A growing body of evidence suggests interplay between the gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the role of the gut microbiome in early detection of NAFLD is unclear. Prospective studies are necessary for identifying reliable, microbiome markers for early NAFLD. We evaluated 2487 individuals in a community-based cohort who were followed up 4.6 years after initial clinical examination and biospecimen sampling. Metagenomic and metabolomic characterizations using stool and serum samples taken at baseline were performed for 90 participants who progressed to NAFLD and 90 controls who remained NAFLD free at the follow-up visit. Cases and controls were matched for gender, age, body mass index (BMI) at baseline and follow-up, and 4-year BMI change. Machine learning models integrating baseline microbial signatures (14 features) correctly classified participants (auROCs of 0.72 to 0.80) based on their NAFLD status and liver fat accumulation at the 4-year follow up, outperforming other prognostic clinical models (auROCs of 0.58 to 0.60). We confirmed the biological relevance of the microbiome features by testing their diagnostic ability in four external NAFLD case-control cohorts examined by biopsy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy, from Asia, Europe, and the United States. Our findings raise the possibility of using gut microbiota for early clinical warning of NAFLD development. Description A machine learning model with microbial signatures shows potential for early detection of NAFLD development. Fatty liver and the gut An understanding the biology of nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) is growing but still incomplete. Leung et al. examined how the gut microbiome changed during disease development compared to healthy individuals in a large prospective cohort. The authors also developed a proof-of-principle classifier that combined baseline microbial signatures and serum metabolomic data to differentiate future cases from controls. This paper sheds light on the alteration of the microbiome during NAFLD.