Recent advances in optical lithography driven by the use of mid -UV radiation (365/313 nm) require resists optimized to operate effectively at these wavelengths. New positive resist formulations have been developed to meet this need. DYNALITH resists X -1608 and X -1605 display enhanced sensitivity toward mid -UV exposure. Comparison data vs. standard and deep W resists are presented. A variety of exposure modes, including projection and contact, have been investigated. DYNALITH Positive Resist X -1608 is based on a novolac and 2,1,4 quinone diazides which are optimized for resist performance. This new resist as sensitivity which is improved over standard resists in mid -UV exposures. Sensitivity of 30 -70 m7 /cm is demonstrated at 313 nm and 365 nm. X -1608 mid -UV resist demonstrates submicron imaging capability with high contrast and wide process windows. DYNALITH Positive Resist X -1605 is based on a novolac and the more standard 2,1,5 quinone diazide. This resist formulation provides an overhung or reentrant sidewall profile with the use of standard processing steps. The absence of the necessity of a chlorobenzene soak coupled with the appearance of sidewall profiles as displayed indicates the X -1605 resist to have application for metal lift off processing. The suitability of consistent resist sidewall profiles for metal lift off provides an application for X -1605 resist in GaAs lithography. A control of the degree of curvature and overhang displayed by the resist profiles relative to formulation is described. Process stability of soft bake and exposure is presented for DYNALITH X -1608 on mid-UV projection aligners. Dry etch data relating resists X -1608 and X -1605 to standard resists is presented. Statistical process control (SPC) is an important control method as production requirements shrink to the one micron regime. The use of process control (X) and range charts (R) generated for coating DYNALITH X -1608 resist is presented. SEM photos characterizing the resists and certain process latitudes are presented. Analytical techniques, such as GPC and C13 NMR, assisted the characterization of structure /performance relationships. Introduction Optical lithography continues to be employed as the most popular and economical means for reproducing submicron designs for IC manufacturing. Exposure equipment, positive photoresists, and processes must answer the requirements of the submicron regime. A large number of manufacturers offer equipment capable of providing mid W, 313 -365 nm, exposures. Shorter wavelength exposure dictates greater resolution but standard photoresists have proven sluggish at best in their response to these wavelengths. Conventional positive photoresists have limited utility in the mid -UV. Foremost, the actinic response of conventional sensitizer (Photoactive component PAC) is optimal foj G and H line exposures but not for mid-UV. The structures of 0quinone diazides have been modified l' to optimize their absorption in the mid -UV. Secondly, novolac resin commonly used in standard resist strongly absorbs through the mid-UV range with only a shallow minimum at approximately 250 nm. The combination of the PAC and the novolac resin absorptions renders film greater than 1.0 micron thick essentially opaque at 313 nm, so that little or no radiation reaches the PAC at the resist substrate interface. Attempts to photodecompose the sensitizer at this interface by increasing exposure time serves only to overexpose the upper levels of the resist film which leads to inferior sidewall profiles on developing. Improvement '6 in hardware designs and resists are also constantly emerging for deep W systems. Excimer lasers ' are exploited as deep W sources for diazo type conventional resists. Alteration of either sensitizers or novolac5 reins to high paracresol novolac resins which exhibit higher transmission in the deep DV has been studied. Manufacturers o£ s i ive photoresists must respond to the industry created need for specialty resists. A number of papers ' have been published which describe positive photoresists for both UV-3 and I line applications. Most of these resists have shown deficiency either in photospeed, resolution, or postbake 68 / SPIE Vol 773 Electron -Beam, X -Ray and lon -Beam Lithographies VI (1987) ® ists for Mid / N , in optical lithography driven by the use of mid t resists X and X enhanced sensitivity toward mid dard and ep UY resists are present variety of exposure modes/ including projecti t/ X-1608 s perfor resi h whi is improved over standard resists in mid ity -70 mJ s nstrated at 313 m n -1608 -UV w high contrast and wide process windows. X-1605 s a ove or reent si t use of standard process a o the necessity of a chlorobenzene soak coupled with the a peara of sid indic the X-1605 resist o of proce ity re sidewa profiles for metal lift o f provides an application for X-16 G lithogra co o the degree of curvature and overhang displayed by the resist i ess ility s bak and exposure is presented for DYNALITH X-1608 on mid-UV projection relating resists X -1605 to standard resists s ed. (S i ^ mi regi of proces contr X) c R) -1608 resist is p cer latitudes are presented. ical s/ su as GPC and C NMR/ assisted the ch racterization of structure/performance cal aphy nues emp as the most popular and economica mean for repr cron igns 1C manufact ure ent/ ts/ le f viding id UV, 313 n / r a b in their response to these wavelengths. photoresists have limited utility in the mid . / ional zer e PA l -.fey and H line exposur b n f structure of Odiazides have b en modified ' op their absorp in the -U dly/ commonly used in standard resist strongly absorbs through the mid-UV range sha m a approx 2 n th PAC and the novolac res ons ders m ater n ally aque t / the resist substrate interfac t s s ace g s t provements^ ' dware igns nd ists re o antly merging for eep UV systems l ed UV sources for diazo type conventional resist o or novolac-resins to high paraol in U stud '' rers popit t th industry created n ed for specialty resists. paper ' which desc fo I li speed/ ution/ / IE Vol. 773 Electron-Beam, X-R y and Ion-Be m Lith graphies VI (1987) thermal stability. This paper describes DYNALITH positive resists X -1605 and X -1608, which were found to be suitable for metal lift off and mid -UV processing, respectively. Experimental Resist physical properties such as % solids, viscosity, and density were determined by standard analytical techniques and quality control procedures. All resists were diluted to a standard viscosity of 16 cps + 2 cps and filtered at 0.2 micron absolute prior to coating. Photoresist formulations were coated in a clean room environment on 4 inch silicon wafers with 0.52 micron thermally grown oxide. All wafers were primed (HMDS) prior to coating. It is typical for the resist R &D process to be guided by performance. The laNratory runs a standardized one micron process that is subject to statistical process control (SPC). Wherever possible the performance of the experimental resist has been measured in that controlled environment. As an example, Figure 1 depicts process control charts for X -1608 coating studies. All wafers were coated on an SVG model #8126 coater at 4,000 rpm for 30 seconds and soft baked on SVG model #8136 hot plate oven, contact, at 95 °C for 60 seconds. Exhaust air rate, coating RPM's, hot plate temperature, acceleration, ramp, etc., influence coating thickness uniformity and striations on the coated wafers. Coating parameters were monitored by SPC methods to optimize coating uniformity. Resist refractive index and thicknesses were determined by Rudolph Ellipsometer and Nanospec AFT, respectively. Exposure equipment: Broad Band (405 -436 nm): Ultratech Ultrastep 1000. 1:1 Projection System. I Line (365 nm): Cobilt CA -800 with 365 nm filter (Type UG1Schott Glass Technologies, Inc.) was used to determine gross clearing speeds. UV 3: Perkin Elmer Micralign® 640 HT Projection Mask alignment system. UV 300 (313 nm): Karl Suss MA56, 5" production aligner with UV-300 filter (313 nm) and quartz mask in vacuum contact. 350 W DC super pressure mercury source at 11.5 mw /cm intensity. Deep UV (254 nm): Canon PLA -501F Mask aligner modified with HTG model P/N 1842 optical aligner CLS 64 -5X, with Ushio UXM -500 MA light source. Developing was accomplished either on a SVG track model #8132 or by immersion in a Santa Clara Plastics wet bench subject to SPC per the following processes: SVG Develop Process: Event 2.0% DYNALITH NMD -3 developer. Operation Time (sec.) Speed (rpm) Acceleration (rpm) 1 Spray 7.0 450 2 Spray 4.0 50 3 Puddle 15.0 0 4 Spray 4.0 50 5 Puddle 15.0 0 6 Spray 4.0 50 7 Puddle 15.0 0 8 Rinse 10.


Abstract With greater energy pressure and stricter emission standards, increasing power output and reducing emissions of engines are simultaneously required. To achieve this, considerable researches are motivated. In recent years, key and representative developments in the field of high-efficiency and clean engines have been carried out. Among them, a low temperature combustion concept called gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is widely considered by universities and research institutions around the world, since it has the potential to achieve ultra-low NOX and soot emissions while maintaining high thermal efficiency. However, GCI combustion mode has certain issues to be solved, such as combustion instability under low-load conditions. Therefore, this paper reviews the experimental, computational and optical studies on the combustion stability control of GCI combustion mode during low loads and describes the recent progress to improve combustion stability as well as points out the future work finally.


Pastors in the seventies must adapt to ministering in a pluralistic and rapidly changing society. This situation presents both special problems and opportunities for ministry to persons caught in the transition between what are here called "cultural value time frames." Three case examples from pastoral counseling practice are presented and reflected upon utilizing the concept of cultural value time frame conflicts. An argument is made for the minister as one especially equipped to be of help to such persons because of his necessary continuing dialogue with a theological tradition. The suggestion is made that what is most needed in such situations is genuine search for culture-transcendent values as these values relate to the concreteness and particularity of human relationships in changing times.


participate in the monitoring and accountability of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) if the 'leave no-one behind' ambition is to be met. Participatory accountability is necessary for their realities to be understood and for their voices to be heard. This can be achieved through processes that both enable personal empowerment, collective identity building and knowledge of rights, and support interest in and capabilities for political engagement. Knowledge generated by people in the margins must complement statistical data in order to build a deeper understanding of the issues that perpetuate poverty and inequality and how to address them. People's knowledge and collective action for accountability needs to be joined with efforts by national governments, civil society organisations, the UN and other multilateral institutions. Accountability, as expressed in Goal 16 of the SDGs, is a gateway to achieving all other goals and the framework as a whole. The SDGs commitment to 'leave no one behind' cannot be realised without the sustained participation of marginalised groups in the monitoring and accountability of these goals. Participatory research in Egypt, Ghana and South Africa found that in order for accountability relationships to function effectively within the SDGs, they should be:


In this paper the fabrication of the quantum CDRA at 3.37THz Frequency. Focus on simulation, design, micro fabrication and working on Lab-on-a-chip platforms i.e. Photonic Chip Integration Facility. It can be fabricated on single silicon wafer of 3" using micro machining for fabrication. The 3D printers are used to provide rapid prototype fabrication. The proposed quantum CDRA provides the return loss and VSSR of -30dB and 1dB respectively. The VSSR is below 2dB. The gain of the proposed quantum CDRA is 8.2 dB. The proposed quantum CDRA obtains impedance bandwidth of 5.27%. Proposed cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna can be used in LiDAR.


The results of a 6-story flat plate-special-shaped column structures was calculated by the software packages—ETABS and SATWE,the different structural characteristic values such as structural free vibration periods,structural displacements and distribution of axial forces and shear were compared.Behaviors of flat plate-special-shaped column structures with edge beam were discussed,and some reasonable suggests were put forward for use in engineering practice.


When forwarding industry veterans launched their own venture in 2008, among other things, they wanted to start out with brand-new solutions and systems.


The recent release of the South Africa Human Rights Commission's report on the status of mental health services on 28 March 2019 should cause all of us to pause and reflect on what needs to be done to provide quality, rights-based mental health services for the people of South Africa. A blog in the South African College of Applied Psychology (2018) website entitled 'The shocking state of mental health in South Africa in 2018' noted the following:


We examined the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) platforms in the rehabilitation of common musculoskeletal conditions such as arthritis, shoulder pain, low back pain, ankle and wrist injuries. A systematic review was conducted using standard methodology. The Downs and Black Questionnaire helped assess study quality. Effect sizes helped quantify intervention effectiveness. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies described VR interventions in a variety of conditions such as low back pain, ankle sprains, post total knee replacement, carpal tunnel syndrome and shoulder pain. The quality of retrieved studies ranged from poor to good. Effect sizes ranged from 0.15 to 0.9. Despite limited evidence, use of VR in musculoskeletal conditions looks promising.


In this paper, we propose a method to reduce the memory requirement of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in the inference phase. Before feeding an input image into the CNN model, input image will split evenly to several sub-images and feed them into models respectively and combine the output after a certain layer.


The effect of ascorbate in physiological concentrations on the proliferative activity and chemoresistance in human larynx carcinoma HEp-2 cells was studied. Ascorbate in a concentration of 60 μM was found to increase the cancer cells proliferation rate 1.5 times. Ascorbate changes the functional state of the cancer cells, thereby increasing their resistance to doxorubicin and thymoquinone. It was shown that apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) blocks the stimulating effect of the antioxidant. The results obtained suggest that reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase participate in the mechanism of cell adaptive response induced by ascorbate.


Copper clad steel sheets, used in the fabrication of tank shells, were economically cut to size by utilizing a tungsten inert gas cutting process. This process eliminates the need of chipping the copper away from the cutting line prior to the cutting operation. The welding time required for making a root pass in steel pipe was reduced up to 50% when a semiautomatic short arc process, using a metallic inert gas torch, was adapted for this work. (auth)


New hydrophobically modified hydrogels have been designed in order to obtain a series of gels with identical elastic moduli but variable dissipative properties. The synthesis of these systems has been realized following a three-step procedure:  (1) introduction of double bonds onto a poly(acrylic acid) backbone [PAA], (2) hydrophobic modification of the PAA with dodecylamine, and (3) cross-linking of double bonds using dithiol. The characterization of gel precursors shows that hydrophobically modified polymers self-assemble in semidilute solution forming physical gels with temporary hydrophobic clusters. The gelation mechanism induced by reacting pendant double bonds with dithiol was studied by DSC, specific titrations, and rheology. The gelation process was not perturbed by the presence of the hydrophobic groups, and the kinetics follows a first-order dependence on thiol. In the entangled regime, the thiol conversion reaches around 80%, but only about 10% of the thiols effectively promote the formation o...


We study nonlinear control systems in the plane, affine with respect to control. We introduce two sets of feedback equivariants forming a phase portrait PP and a parameterized phase portrait PPP of the system. The phase portrait PP consists of an equilibrium set E, a critical set C (parameterized, for PPP), an op- timality index, a canonical foliation and a drift direction. We show that under weak generic assumptions the phase portraits determine, locally, the feedback and orbital feedback equivalence class of a sys- tem. The basic role is played by the critical set C and the critical vector field on C. We also study local classification problems for systems and their families.


Single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) models are often used in the design of reinforced concrete components subjected to blast loads. In this paper, an extensive comparison of the responses computed by enhanced SDOF models for two-way reinforced concrete slabs are compared to experimental data and virtual data generated from high-fidelity physics based finite element models. The virtual data is generated by the DYNA3D finite element code using material models specifically modified to capture behaviors associated with blast loadings (e.g., rate effects and softening). For the class of reinforced concrete slabs studied, SDOF models significantly under predict the response to blast loads, and as such are not design conservative. In particular, the virtual data provides valuable insights into the behaviors lacking in the SDOF model as well as a means to correct the SDOF model so that it can more nearly match the experimental and virtual data. These correlations, which are described in the paper, point the way to revitalizing the SDOF methodology.


Canadian Review of Comparative Literature / Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée crcl december 2018 décembre rclc 0319–051x/18/45.4/534 © Canadian Comparative Literature Association If Love reveals Her Face, take Her home. Should She loosen Her Hair, become Her comb. How long a pawn or a half a rook in size, How long like a queen move crookedly? Be wise. Before you gave gracious billet-doux, Forget the gifts, now the gift is you. Once the elements you were, and beast, Then human soul, now be soul, at least -Rumi, "Ghazal 779" (23-30)


Abstract. An intense and long-lasting Saharan dust outbreak crossed
the Iberian Peninsula (IP) from the southwest (SW) to the northeast (NE)
from 25 March until 7 April 2021. This work aims to assess the optical and
mass contribution of both fine and coarse dust particles along their
transport. Five Iberian lidar stations were monitoring the transport and
evolution of the Saharan dust particles, i.e. El Arenosillo/Huelva,
Granada, Torrejón/Madrid and Barcelona in Spain, and Évora in
Portugal. The particular meteorological conditions determined the aerosol
scenario along the overall dust event, differing in the first part of the
event (25–31 March), in which the strongest dust incidence occurred on 29–31 March at the south and central stations and 1 April at Barcelona, from the
second one (1–7 April). The use of the two-step POLIPHON algorithm showed
the relevance of using polarized lidar measurements for separating the
aerosol properties of dust fine and coarse particles as an added value.
Both the fine dust (Df) and coarse dust (Dc) components of the total
particle backscatter coefficient (total dust, DD = Dc + Df) were
separately derived. The dust plume was well-mixed with height and no
significant differences were found in the vertical structure of both the Dc
and Df particle backscatter coefficients. From the beginning of the dust
outbreak until 1 April, the vertical Df / DD mass ratio was nearly constant in time at each station and also in altitude with values of ∼ 10 %. Moreover, the mean dust optical depth at 532 nm was decreasing along that dust pathway, reporting values from SW to NE stations of 0.34 at El Arenosillo/Huelva, 0.28 at Granada, 0.20 at Évora, 0.28 at
Torrejón/Madrid, and 0.14 at Barcelona, although its Df / DD ratio remained almost constant (28 %–30 %). A similar pattern was found for the total dust mass loading and its Df / DD ratio, i.e. mostly decreasing mean mass values
were reported, being constant in its Df / DD ratio (∼ 10 %)
along the SW–NE dust pathway. In addition, the episode-mean centre-of-mass
height increased with latitude overall, showing a high variability, being
greater than 0.5 km at the southern sites (El Arenosillo/Huelva, Granada,
Évora) and ∼ 1.0 km at Torrejón/Madrid and Barcelona.
However, despite the relatively high intensity of the dust intrusion, the
expected ageing of the dust particles was hardly observed, by taking into
account the minor changes found in the contribution and properties of the
coarse and fine dust particles. This is on the basis that the IP is
relatively close to the Saharan dust sources and then, under certain dust
transport conditions, any potential ageing processes in the dust particles
remained unappreciated. The following must be highlighted: the different relative
contribution of the fine dust particles to the total dust found for their
optical properties (∼ 30 %) associated with the radiative
effect of dust, with respect to that for the mass features (∼ 10 %) linked to air quality issues, along the overall dust event by
crossing the IP.


Broadcasting Corporation. The documentary was an experiment in what Gould called "contrapuntal radio," in which the voices of five people—Canadians who all experienced life in the North—function like the musical elements of a fugue, their voices layered in counterpoint. Gould was fascinated by the Arctic, in a way that evoked a kind of childlike devotion—an almost joyful vulnerability—to the potential it suggested, an antithesis to the petty urbanism he navigated in his daily life in Toronto. In the North, Gould recognized "the creative opportunity which the physical fact of the country represents." And while I can't claim to have experienced the conditions that led to his epiphany, I've shared the end result—by traveling to the outer edges of the region, and through its images, and in its evocation in writing. Perhaps this sounds more aspirational than actual, a bit like an armchair explorer. In a way, I can hear Frank Vallee, the skeptic in "North," chidingly add his two cents: "I don't go for this northmanship bit at all. I don't knock those people who do claim There is a kind of holy vastness to open waters, and farther north there is, it seems, a holiness multiplied by stillness, a monotony that spans latitudes and hints at the infinite. A valley can be idyllic, but it doesn't check your senses in quite the same way. Of course, in reaching Newfoundland I only made it as far as 46 degrees north, which means those icebergs were simply awesome messengers of what lay beyond. And while I've yet to cross into higher latitudes, I can say I touched a piece of the North, shot and chopped and sucked on the ancient waters of the Arctic, and can honestly say that the region—the idea of it—has possessed me ever since, spurring serious intentions of someday heading deeper, seeking who-knows-what. In the meantime, I get my fix through art in one form or another, mostly maps and books about the Arctic. The touchstone of this obsession, however, is a recording of a radio documentary by pianist and composer Glenn Gould called "The Idea of North," the first part of his Solitude Trilogy, produced in 1967 for the Canadian Northmanship T H E E D I T O R I A L T A B L E


The principle of reconstructed wavefronts is extended to the formation of visual pictures of acoustical waves. The important relationships used in conventional optical holography that also apply to acoustics are briefly reviewed. It is shown that image formation using the principles of acoustical holography yields better results than do conventional acoustical lens systems, particularly in the presence of turbulence and turbidity. Experiments are described in which coarsely sampled acoustical holograms, made with sound wavelengths of 0.64 in. and longer, have successfully reconstructed images of acceptable quality. The signal‐to‐noise ratio in a sampled acoustical hologram is shown to increase with the number of sampled points as well as with the reduction in the size of the sampling probe. Applications of acoustical holography in different fields are discussed.


The radial breathing mode of single wall carbon nanotubes was used for the analysis of conformational and electronic properties of the tubes. We report resonance excitation of this mode with 12 different laser lines in the visible and near IR. Very sharp resonances were observed and compared to calculated cross sections. The position of the modes were evaluated from a high level first principles calculation which allows for the first time to identify the tube geometries from observed frequencies.


In this paper, we generalize Minkowski's theorem. This theorem is usually stated for a centrally symmetric convex body and a lattice both included in $\mathbb{R}^n$. In some situations, one may replace the lattice by a more general set for which a notion of density exists. In this paper, we prove a Minkowski theorem for Meyer sets, which bounds from below the frequency of differences appearing in the Meyer set and belonging to a centrally symmetric convex body. In the later part of the paper, we develop quite natural applications of this theorem to Diophantine approximation and to discretization of linear maps.


The technical analysis performed on the special run of low iron float glass procured from the Ford Glass Division for the ten megawatt solar thermal/electric pilot power plant to be constructed at Barstow, California is discussed. The topics that are addressed include the optical properties and the relative durability of the glass. Two optical parameters, solar transmittance and optical flatness, were measured as referenced in the specification and found to be better than the stated tolerances. The average solar transmittance exceeded 0.890 transmittance units. The glass also exhibited optical angular flatness deviations less than +-1.0 mrad as required. Both qualitative and quantitative accelerated weathering tests were performed on the glass in order to compare its durability to other soda lime float glass and alternate composition glasses of interest to the solar community. In both the quantitative leaching experiments and the more qualitative room temperature and elevated temperature water vapor exposure experiments the heliostat glass exhibited the same characteristics as the other soda-lime silicate float glasses. As a final test for mirroring compatability, selected samples of the production run of the glass were sent to four different commercial manufacturers for mirror coating. None of the manufacturers reported any difficulty silvering themore » glass. Based on the tests performed, the glass meets or exceeds all optical specifications for the Barstow heliostat field.« less


During the last decade, mobile communication has become the most sought-after mode of communication. However, the telecommunication market has reached a point of saturation and it is, in general very difficult for a company to bring a new customer. On the other hand, mobile number portability has become very easy. This has resulted in an ever-increased concept of churn, whereby a customer moves from one service provider to another. It is very important for telecommunication companies to predict which of the customers are most susceptible to move to their competitors. One can predict this move based on Call Detail Records (CDR). CDRs have features such as last call date, duration of a call, and data usage. Deep Learning is a relatively recent concept and has found many applications in pattern recognition, image processing, and other related domains. As such, in this research, we apply deep learning for churn prediction. For evaluation and analysis, we use the Mobile Telephony Churn Prediction Dataset. The dataset contains the data for around 100k individuals, out of which 86k individuals are non-churners whereas, 14k are the churned ones. From the evaluation of the proposed deep model, we achieve a 96% accurate model for the detection of churn and non-churn instances, thus, showing the efficacy of the approach for practical applications.


Objective:To investigate Alzheimer' s patients with Psychiatric and behavioral symptoms who were adjuvant treated with antipsychotics.Methods:To use low dose Zyprexa to adjuvant treat 32 Alzheimer' s outpatients with psychiatric and behavioral symptoms for two months.The curers and the caregivers both use the behave AD and the general clinical efficacy to assess.Results: To Alzheimer' s patients with psychiatric and behavioral symptoms,adjuvant treating with Zyprexa 2.5 mg/d~10.25 mg/d is positive effect and safe.Conclusions: To those Alzheimer' s patients with psychiatric and behavioral symptoms,adjuvant treated with appropriate antipsychotics is good to improve the patients' social function and life skills.And it is also good to their home management.Among the antipsychotics,Zyprexa is the better variety for chose.


For the better part of the past century, avionics has evolved as a critical field of technology advancement in terms of direct impact on our lives, including air transportation, delivery of resources in emergencies, and platforms for environmental analysis. The Aerospace and Electronics Systems Society (AESS) has a long-standing history of providing members with contemporary information in aviation and electronics (simply referred as avionics). Innovative avionics capabilities developed, tested, and implemented by many dedicated engineers and scientists around the world have directly helped shape transportation as we know it today, which has led to many far-reaching economic advances in business and individual livelihood. Within an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), AESS carries the banner of avionics technology advancement and its continuing development and evolution through its dedicated members, who in many ways lead the profession in the important research and development necessary for its continued pursuit.


St. Pauls Inlet is a fjordal estuary in Gros Morne National Park, Canada. During the summers of 2009 and 2010 four sites within the inlet were sampled for zooplankton as part of Memorial University's Community-University Research for Recovery Alliance (CURRA) project. Objectives were:
 Determine patterns in zooplankton species composition
o Compare to species data from previous survey
o Relate to observed longitudinal salinity gradients
o Compare composition with that of estuaries regionally
 Estimate zooplankton abundance
o Compare with abundances seen in estuaries globally
Zooplankton species were primarily marine cyclopoida and calanoida, with some brackish-water cladocerans. Cluster Analysis and NMDS showed no strong longitudinal patterns in species assemblages in either season. Only 10 % faunal similarity was observed with estuarine Lake Melville in Labrador, Canada. St. Pauls Inlet does not appear to be a highly productive system, based on low zooplankton abundance (< 4 inds/l), compared with other global sites.


Planar anisotropy Y2Fe17 powders were fabricated by rapid quenching and ball-milling techniques. The frequency dependence of complex permeability and permittivity of paraffin composites with 35 vol% Y2Fe17 powders have been investigated in the frequency range 0.1–10 GHz. The oriented composite shows a dramatic increase in permeability and a remarkable decrease in the matching thickness. The minimum reflection losses of unoriented Y2Fe17 composite and oriented Y2Fe17 composite were −48 dB at 2.34 GHz and −59 dB at 3.4 GHz, and the corresponding thicknesses were only 3.9 mm and 2.3 mm, respectively. Otherwise, the product of the static permeability and the resonance frequency for the oriented Y2Fe17 compound is 91.6 GHz, which is much higher than the value of 15.3 GHz calculated by Snoek's limit equation. Hence, the Y2Fe17 composite, with the specific property of the planar anisotropy, has great potential applications in the field of high-frequency microwave absorption.


The new development period refers to the stage from the explosive growth of internet retail enterprises in 2018 to the present, experiencing the fluctuations of the pandemic and the capital boom, as well as unstable economic development. Strategic management for enterprises during this period is particularly important. Under turbulent conditions, what methodologies should business organizations choose as the basis for forming their forecasting and development strategies? Under unstable conditions, how can enterprises form the optimal strategic management system? This paper combines relevant theories and case studies to explore the effectiveness and feasibility of enterprise strategic management in specific situations, providing reference for relevant practitioners and interested parties.


SUMMARY A chronic colitis hasbeen inducedin rabbits having many ofthe histological features of humanulcerative colitis. Animals were first immunisedwiththe common enterobacterial antigen of Kuninandhaemagglutinating antibodiesdemonstrated in high titre. Animmune complex colitis was thenestablishedby the injection ofsolubleimmune complexesfollowing mildirritation oftherectum with dilute formalin as previously described. Therabbits developed an acute colitis within the firstweekbut, in contrast withunsensitisedrabbits, theinflammation persisted and was still presentatsix months as assessedby proctoscopyandrectal biopsy. Kunin-sensitised rabbits receiving intravenous saline, antigen, or antibody alone did not develop a chronic colitis. It is suggested that hyper-sensitivity to colonic bacterial antigens may be one mechanism whereby an acute colitis becomeschronic. The pathogenesis of human ulcerative colitis mayinvolve antigen-antibody reactions with the fixationof complementleading to tissue


Although the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unknown, evidence continues to accumulate pointing to aberrant immune function in this disease, both when the disease is active and during periods of its seeming quiescence. Classically, the immune system has been considered to be comprised of three major cell types: (1) thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells), which are the effectors of cell-mediated immune responses; (2) bone-marrow derived lymphocytes (B cells), which act in antibody-mediated immune responses; and (3) cells of the monocyte-macrophage series. The standard classification oversimplifies the in vivo situation: Subclasses of T and B cells can now be delineated and evidence has been advanced for the existence of functional differences between macrophages harvested from different loci. The best studied of immunocyte subclasses are those of the T cells. Broadly, these can be divided into effector and regulator subgroups. Among regulator T cells are helper and suppressor subsets. The suppressor T-cell subset can be further subdivided into specific and nonspecific types. Specific suppressors are antigen triggered and suppress the response to a specific antigen. Nonspecific suppressors depress the immune response in toto. Study of specific suppressor cell function is not feasible in MS since no antigen specific for MS is known. On the other hand, nonspecific suppression can be studied in MS and, as will be shown, is markedly decreased when the disease is active. Helper T cells augment the magnitude of the immune response and suppressor T cells lessen it. At any moment the net immune response in vivo is a function of the balance between these countervailing forces. Thus, an immune response may be abrogated equally well by abolition of helper function or by augmentation of suppressor function. Given these considerations, current enthusiasm for cytotoxic immunosuppressive drugs as therapy in MS may be misdirected. Cytotoxic drugs depress both helper and suppressor cell populations and, if this occurs to a comparable extent in both cell populations, the effect on the net immune response may be zero. In animals, cyclophosphamide has been reported to selectively kill suppressor cells. 1,2 In consequence, use of this drug during flareups of MS might be contraindicated. Since MS is characterized by exacerbations and remissions, study of immune parameters which fluctuate with disease activity might offer clues t o the defect in immune regulation which permits attacks to occur or disease to progress. Manipulation-by chemical or pharmacologic means-of regulator cell functions which are abnormal when disease is active might blunt the severity of attacks of MS even while the fundamental cause of the disease itself remains unknown. The work on this problem currently being undertaken in our laboratories constitutes the theme of this paper.


In the fight for legitimacy, understanding the rules of status games is critical. This idea holds true in the wedding marketplace. However, when legalization of marriage for same-sex couples disrupted the binary wedding script, the rules of the game became less clear to consumers. Couples sometimes found their gendered bodies, roles, and expressions were out of sync with the evolving script of a destabilized wedding field, thus raising legitimacy questions. This situation is defined as hysteresis—meaning delays in the realignment between habitus and the field. Hysteresis results in consumers' disorientation about what forms of capital are valued as well as perceived absences of materials or recognition from the market. This study investigates consumers' attempts to mobilize gendered capital to resolve hysteresis through realignment of habitus and the script. Grounded in a Bourdieuian field-level analysis of depth interviews with 30 same-sex couples and ethnographic observation in the wedding field, four consumption alignment strategies are identified that consumers leverage to address hysteresis: confronting, masking, collaborating, and experimenting. Consumers' variations in gendered capital explain which consumption alignment strategies they use, with different possibilities for updating habitus and expanding the script. Throughout this process, consumers' moral judgments hinder this pursuit.


Rubber plantation is one of the major commodities in Malaysia and the tree produces by product, which is rubber seed. Each rubber seed contain 40-50% oil and it can be extracted via chemical or physical process. In this research, the properties of pure refined rubber seed oil (RSO) was studied and compared with current Malaysia palm cooking oil (PMO). From the nutrient content, it indicates that in 100 g RSO, it contains 855 kcal calories, 0.5 g protein, 94.8 g fat and 0 g carbohydrate. In term of double bond content, the average value of the iodine content for RSO is 90g/100g RSO while PMO depict 55g/100 g PMO. Viscosity of RSO is slightly higher with 51.9 cP and 39 cP for PMO. Density figures same values with 0.92 g/cm 3 , whereas saponification value shows 220.88 mg KOH/g for RSO and 240 mg KOH/g for PMO.


Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) are widely being researched as they are the key component in advanced spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM).


An optimization method was presented to obtain the track parameters of Wire Electric Machining (WEM) in processing the auto-closed cut on the ring with high precision. Firstly, the 5 three-dimensional models of the motion space of wire were gained by WEM and on Auto CAD software. Then, 7 track parameters were defined, and the influence of the position parameter by auto-closed cut on other six parameters was discussed. And the control condition affecting track parameters were analyzed. Finally, the relationship between the track parameters and fitting performance were established. The results showed with increasing of fitting area, the 6 other track parameters had significant changes, and the stability decreased. It was concluded that the optimization method and track data could be applied in the design and manufacturing of the electric spark machining.


The invention provides a containment connection structure for a steel-structure double-curve air cooling tower and belongs to the technical field of design and manufacturing of heat exchangers. The containment connection structure comprises a truss for forming the steel-structure double-curve air cooling tower and a skin which is mounted in the truss and has a hollow structure; the containment connection structure comprises an H-shaped groove; and the skin is mounted in the truss of the steel-structure double-curve air cooling tower through the H-shaped groove. With the adoption of the containment connection structure for the steel-structure double-curve air cooling tower, the assembling problem of the skin of the steel-structure double-curve air cooling tower is solved, and the connection problem of the skin and the steel-structure double-curve truss is solved. The containment connection structure has the advantages of unique design, convenience for installation and relatively high reliability and fastness; and meanwhile, materials are saved so that the economic performance is considerable and the containment connection structure is suitable for construction of large-size and ultra-large-size truss structures.


Case I TillS IS VITILIGO, a form of lcucodcrrnia. I t is more common in adolescence and at the menopause and in females than in males. Dark races are more liable to it than fair people. Its cause has not been established but some observers have noticed a conformity of the depigmented areas to one or more nerve roots, while others have found that it has supervened upon shock. It has also been suggested that it is one of the ncurodermatoses. Occasionally it is associated with Grave's disease, leucotrichia, alopecia arcata and lichen planus.


The three types of variable lymphocyte receptor genes, VLRA, VLRB and VLRC, in the extant jawless vertebrates, encode antigen receptors, the remarkably diverse repertoire of which is generated by insertion of neighboring leucine rich repeat (LRR) sequences into the incomplete germline genes. In both lampreys and hagfish, the B-cell like VLRB+ cells differentiate into VLRB-secreting plasma cells, whereas the αβ and γδ T cell-like VLRA+ and VLRC+ cells express their VLR products solely as cell surface proteins. However, in comparative studies of lampreys and hagfish, we find that remarkable functional differences have evolved in these lymphocyte lineages. In contrast with their striking predominance in lampreys, the VLRB+ cells constitute a minor lymphocyte population in hagfish, and the VLRC+ cells are predominate. Notably the germline VLRB gene in hagfish contains a short non-coding intervening sequence, whereas the VLRB genes in sea lampreys and Japanese lampreys have very long intervening sequences which contain multiple transposable elements that may influence VLRB expression. In keeping with the relative low numbers of hagfish VLRB+ cells, antibody responses to a model immunogen, sheep erythrocytes, are much less robust in hagfish than in lampreys. Thus, even though the fundamental genetic program for differentiation of two prototypic T-like lymphocyte lineages and one B-like lineage is conserved in both jawless and jawed vertebrates, the genetic programs used for fine tuning of the VLR-based immunity have undergone notable independent evolutionary changes in lampreys and hagfish over the past ~480 million years.


Theballistic propagation ofphonons in diamond and Nb3Sn at 40 and at 4-2 K is examined. The nature of variation ofthe phonon magnification factor has been analysed both in the wave vector as well as group velocity spaces. Using the Polar Sehmidt-net with Pole at (n/2, x/2), the mappings of phonon focussing and defocussing are made. It is shown that the mapping for the rr^ mode for Nb3Sn exhibits islands acting as impenetrable barriers for phonon propagation. Keywords, Acoustic phonons; focussing; defocussing; mapping of phonons; polar Schmidtnet; impenetrable regions.


The stratigraphic uncertainty and rotated anisotropy of soil properties exist widely in nature. Recent studies have shown that the slope stability was significantly influenced by these two uncertainties. However, there is no proper method for simulating these two uncertainties at the same time, and the influence of the two uncertainties has not been considered in previous unsaturated soil slope stability analysis. This paper aims to propose a coupled method for characterizing the stratigraphic uncertainty and rotated anisotropy of soil properties, and investigate the unsaturated soil slope stability considering the two uncertainties. Through a slope case, the proposed method for characterizing the two uncertainties is examined. The effect of rotational angle on the slope stability and groundwater table is studied. In addition, four different uncertainty considerations are chosen to compare their influence on the slope stability and groundwater table. The results show that the proposed method can well characterize the two uncertainties at the same time. The rotational anisotropy of soil properties has a substantial impact on the slope stability and groundwater table. The rotational angles corresponding to the maximum and minimum reliability index of slope depend on the uncertainty considerations in the slope stability analysis. The slope reliability index only considering stratigraphic uncertainty is the highest, and the slope reliability index considering stratigraphic uncertainty and rotated anisotropy of soil properties is the lowest.


Surgical tool (16) for establishing a connection between a pipe (14) and an inflatable implant (12), said tool (16) at least one longitudinal direction (44) defining mold portion, which has a cable receiving (46), and wherein the conduit receiving means (46) into which the line (14) can be introduced, parallel, or coaxial with, or substantially parallel or coaxially to the longitudinal direction (44) of the tool section extends, characterized in that at the distal end (52) of the tool (16) a tool holder (54) arranged for receiving a at the line (14) Kupplungseiements (40) for connecting to the implant to be filled (12).


AN attempt to define the limits of the field of law and the problems within it, what are and should be the approaches to those problems, and the data and methods for investigation must begin with the activities and ways of thinking of the practitioner. These have established the boundaries of the field and the mode of its cultivation not only for the practitioner but also for those with scientific curiosity. There are many callings the professional activities of whose practitioners are the advising of clients what, in a developing situation, are the forms which the future behavior of others are likely to take, and to what extent and how the course of the situation's development may be affected so that the future behavior in question may take the form preferred or least objectionable to the client. The profession of marketing or sales adviser is one of them. It directs its attention to the forms of behavior called buying. The profession of public relations counsel is another. The behavior of press and platform and their remote consequences in voting, buying and giving are its specialty. There are many others. Among them is the profession of the lawyer. The lawyer advises as to the probable forms of the judicial behavior of courts. His clients are those against whom governmental intervention is sought, those who are seeking intervention in their own behalf, and those with enough foresight to wish to mold the present and the future in anticipation of the necessity of seeking or avoiding intervention in the future.


The aim of this study was to analyze the load distribution of interim restorations using healing cap during immediate loading implant treatment in vitro. A total of 29 models with interim restorations which were fabricated with healing cap were selected. The pull-out strength was measured with a used healing cap and new healing cap. The compressive strength and sinking distance were also measured. The pull-out strength of interim restoration showed lower value (max. 29.8 N) compared to the natural bite force. The sinking amounts were larger than normal tooth sinking. The sinking amounts of interim restorations fabricated on a healing cap were roughly 3 times (0.3–0.5 mm under 450 N) those of normal teeth. The interim restoration on plastic healing cap would be useful for immediate loading implant treatment.


Appraisal resources in mediated discourses have provided significant basis for audiences to judge and evaluate news facts.This paper conducts a statistic analysis of media coverage of Yao Ming released by 8 mainstream media agencies in China and America,and in line with J.R.Martin's theory of Appraisal System,we discuss how the three subcategories of attitude resources are distributed at different periods of Yao's career and what role they play in sports idol construction,and then explore the reasons for such uneven distribution,with an aim to illuminate the way mass media resort to when modeling sportsmen as idols for the public and finally work out the sports-idol-construction mechanism in mediated discourse.


A 12-year-old boy presented with a 2-year history of left leg pain, which had been attributed to growing pains by his mother until she noticed that a limp had developed. The patient's discomfort extended anteriorly from his knee to his midtibia. He had no history of trauma to his leg. On physical examination, his knee range of motion (ROM) was full and symmetric. He had a proximal pretibial fullness that was tender to palpation. Hip and ankle ROM was full. Circulation and sensation were intact and symmetric. Conventional radiographs, technetium-99 bone scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the proximal tibia were obtained (Figs 1–3). Based on the history, physical examination findings, and imaging studies, what is the differential diagnosis? SECTION III REGULAR AND SPECIAL FEATURES


Optical crossing part X, optical selector S and optical distributor D, or three optical crossing parts constitute one (or two) protective device. Optical selector S is connected to local lower route and input of working channel. Optical distributor D is connected to local upper route and output of working channel. Optical crossing part X is connected to optical selector S, optical distributor D, output of protective channel, and input of protective channel respectively. The invention possesses features: a small quantity of part X, selector S and distributor D realize channels shared protection for two one-way traffics within one node; two same devices realize channels shared protection for two two-way traffics within one node; simple structure, reliable transmision performance, good effect. Thus, it is widely applicable and has notable social benefit and economic benefit.


SIR,-Drugs are commonly injected through the tubing of an intravenous drip during surgical operations. The resulting perforations of the rubber tubing are thought to be of little significance. However, it has already been shown by Macintosh and Mushin' that in certain circumstances a negative pressure exists in the tubing with the consequent entry of air through any perforation into the transfusion system, possibly with fatal consequences. A recent fatal incident has shQwn that perforations in the drip tubing present a further hazard. During a craniotomy for a very vascular intraventricular tumour there was a fall in blood pressure, for which intravenous blood was being given at a greater speed than usual. The blood was being forced in with the Martin2 blood pump. After an initial improvement the blood pressure fell once more and could not be raised again in spite of the continued rapid introduction of blood. It was thought that there must have been a central failure of the vital centres, although there was no local intracranial condition to account for this. There was a progressive circulatory failure ending in death. At necropsy there was a massive air embolism. The leg veins, iliac veins, and inferior vena cava were distended with air. Sub3equent examination of the transfusion apparatus showed several perforations in the rubber tubing just below the drip-chamber. Testing with the Martin pump proved that large amounts of air could be drawn in through these perforations and forced into the patient's venous system. Two possibilities (amongst others) suggest themselves in order to avoid this trouble in the future. The routine use of translucent plastic tubing for transfusion would enable bubbles of air in the tubing to be seen, though this would not replace the need for constant vigilance. Such plastic tubing might be cheap enough to be expendable. Alternatively, some form of air-trap could be devised, but this would probably mean a rather cumbersome device in the vicinity of the cannula. Until these additional safeguards are introduced, if the tubing has to be punctured, and this is often necessary, it should be done as low down as possible and near the cannula. The need to administer blood quickly and in quantity is bound to arise, and a pump of some sort is a necessity. The attention of blood transfusion authorities is directed to the provision of translucent tubing as a matter of some urgency.-We are, etc., CHARLEs LANGMAID.


Gavagai used its first-generation baseline system for the profiling taskfor evaluation campaign for online reputation management systems of CLEF2012. The system builds on large scale analysis of streaming text and performedexcellently on this task with standard settings.


The article is devoted to the current problem of the global environmental crisis that our planet has been experiencing for decades. An attempt was also made to reveal the main causes of pollution of the atmosphere, the surface of the earth's cover of the planet and oceans. At the same time, special attention is paid to the detrimental effect on the nature of human activity and the reliable figures of the annual environmental degradation on earth. The article provides an analysis of the views of researchers, ways to solve the global environmental problems of mankind. In conclusion, a generalized description is given of the importance of understanding and changing the relationship of man to nature and his wealth. Ключевые слова: экология, природа, катастрофы, атмосфера, цивилизация, окружающая среда.


This paper presents a multi-UWB-OFDM PHY layer system enable to operate in UWB spectrum mask and at 60 GHz considering two PHY layer systems ensuring a backward compatibility themselves. It allows large throughput scalability and frequency resource management. The system considers on the one hand enhanced baseband processing for ECMA-368 based on advanced binary interleaving techniques. The second one is an optimized UWB-OFDM system based on spectrum efficiency optimization combined with advanced interleaving techniques. Advanced interleaving techniques resort from time-variant binary block interleaving codes denoted Dynamic Binary Interleaving Code (DBIC) considered here as an alternative to the ECMA-368 standard binary cyclic shifter stage and H/W complexity reduction issues. DBIC is designed and assessed on multi-UWB-OFDM PHY layer system. DBIC is implemented thanks a recent interleaving technique denoted Turbo-Like Interleaver (TLI) allowing multiple interleaving pattern generation into a flexible way. This work has been realized within the framework of the ICT-FP7 OMEGA project.


The process of transformation of communicative practices of interpretation and popularization of cultural heritage in the framework of the accelerating dissemination and integration of digital technologies in all spheres of human activity is considered. The rhizomorphism of modern digital culture is analyzed, which inevitably aff ects the nature of the representation of monuments in virtual space. It is hypothesized that, despite the variety of approaches presented for creating digital avatars of cultural institutions and cultural heritage objects in a virtual environment, none of the currently existing solutions for Saint-Petersburg makes it possible to represent a cultural heritage object in the context of its retrospective visualization and connection with other culturally signifi cant objects, such as events and personalities. Conceptual grounds are proposed for a deeper understanding of the cultural monument as a subject of representation. An attempt is made to comprehend the representative capabilities of digital instruments, moreover, the question of the need to develop a full-scale and multi-functional digital platform for representing cultural heritage sites is raised.


Monodisperse Fe nanoparticles have been prepared by a thermal decomposition of an iron carbonyl. In order to investigate effect of the growth rate and decomposition rate of the iron carbonyl on the saturation magnetization of the Fe nanoparticles, a growth rate was obtained from the results on a reaction time dependence of particle diameter of the Fe nanoparticles. Furthermore, decomposition rate of the iron carbonyl was quantitatively obtained from the decrease in an Infrared(IR) spectra peaks of the iron carbonyl. The saturation magnetization of the Fe nanoparticles tended to be improved under the condition with high decomposition rate of iron carbonyl and low growth rate. These results indicate that two such parameters are important factors to promote the growth of the phase having high saturation magnetization in the Fe nanoparticles synthesis process.


The advent of new and improved extensive air shower (EAS) arrays - and the attendant generation of data of higher statistical precision than hitherto - has led us to return to an old problem: the origin of the change in spectral slope at an energy of eV. The data recorded are the so-called shower size spectra at ground level, i.e. the spectrum of the total number of cosmic rays inferred for each shower, and we use results from seven arrays which are situated at levels ranging from near sea level to half way up the atmosphere (in terms of atmospheric mass per unit area). The method adopted by us is a new one which enables the combination of experimental data in such a way that previously unrecognized features are now apparent. We present evidence for a spectral shape of the shower size spectrum, and thus the primary particle energy spectrum, which has the signature of an extra component from a single source which protrudes above the `background' due to many other cosmic ray sources in the Galaxy. It is proposed that the `single source' is a local supernova remnant.


Submitted for the MAR10 Meeting of The American Physical Society The Time Evolution of the Surface Segregation of Hyperbranched Molecules from a Linear Matrix ONOME SWADER, MARK DADMUN, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, LIAN HUTCHINGS, RICHARD THOMPSON, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, UK — Modification of a surface by the selective surface segregation of an additive in a mixture is a process with many commercial applications including biocompatibility, wettability, and anti-fouling in coatings. In a blend of branched and linear polymers, there exists an entropic driving force for the selective surface segregation of the branched polymer. Unfortunately, a systematic study of the impact of the branched copolymer structure on the dynamics and thermodynamics of this surface segregation is not currently available. Neutron reflectivity experiments that seek to fill this void have been completed and will be discussed. High molecular weight poly(styrene) (PS) hyperbranched molecules, hypermacs (HM) and dendrimacs (DM), with 10 % HM or DM and 90 % deuterated PS are the model systems studied. Reflectivity profiles for all blends were obtained as a function of annealing time from 30 minutes up to 48 hours. Onome Swader Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Date submitted: 18 Nov 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


The health service in Scotland is struggling to maintain the quality of patient care, and urgent action is needed to transform the way services are delivered if it is to cope with future pressures, the annual review by Audit Scotland has concluded.1

The review depicts a service under stress, where patients wait longer to be seen, performance targets are missed, and population health is not improving. …


There has never been consensus among researchers for a clear cut definition of reading strategies. This diversity is largely due to the way the term has been used in different contexts such as first language [L1], second language [L2], or foreign language [FL] learning. However, research on second language reading strategies indicates that strategies refer to conscious reading behaviors (Cohen, 1998). Study of reading strategies, their different categories,their instruction outcomes and the factors that influence the readers' use of them has attracted a lot of researchers in the field of language research and pedagogy in the recent decades. The present study is an attempt to synthesize and discuss some of the studies conducted on reading strategies all around the world.


I am extremely pleased that Prof. Dr.Hitoshi Kiya (Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan), Prof. Dr. Sansanee Auephanwiriyakul (Chiang Mai University, Thailand), and Dr. Sang-Hun Lee (Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Republic of Korea) have kindly accepted to be our keynote speakers. I sincerely believe that we will learn many innovative ideas from them. I am also grateful to all contributors who make this conference successful. I wish to thank also the sponsors and all members of the technical and administrative committees who worked so hard with undiminished enthusiasm.


Setting and solving problems as didactic-mathematical activity significantly contributes to the progress of the individual in learning mathematics, where the teacher also plays an important role. Teachers should strive for students to build the knowledge needed to successfully solve mathematical problems and place greater emphasis on developing critical and creative thinking, rather than on merely formal acquisition of knowledge. In the article we present the results of a research, with which we determined whether the students of the experimental group (EG), who received mathematical teaching where setting and solving problems is the leading didacticmathematical activity, performed better in solving all mathematical problems than the students in the control group (CG), who received classical teaching of mathematics where training of arithmetic operations is predominantly emphasised. The results showed the EG was statistically significantly more successful in solving simple problems in geometry with measuring (G2) and in logic with sets (L2) as well as in solving more demanding problems (third level of knowledge) in geometry with measuring (G3) and logic with sets (L3). The students of the EG were also more successful in solving simple problems in arithmetic (A2) and more demanding problems in arithmetic (A3), the differences were, however, not statistically significant.


community perceives the country, leading to the emergence of a bond between members of the German and Russian communities of Taldykorgan, both of whom are disadvantaged by the emergent language policies. However, some locals note the positive minority policies of President Nursultan Nazarbayev that have allowed minority communities to retain their native languages (pp. 125–26). To summarise, Sanders' work is a significant contribution to the literature on diaspora, migration and minority studies. Her study explores why a minority community chooses to remain, when presented with the opportunity to permanently settle in the country of their ancestors. This is in addition to elaborating on how, in modern-day Kazakhstan, the German community's relations with ethnic Kazakhs have generally been amicable, if occasionally fraught, especially in light of state language policies. These positive relations contrast with those of Germans to ethnic Russians. For some Kazakhstani Germans, the horrors inflicted on their families during Soviet rule has caused irreparable damage to how they view Russians, while for others Soviet nostalgia and the help they received from Russians brings them closer to Taldykorgan's Russian community. Overall, Sanders highlights the fluidity with which an ethnic German identity is promoted, concealed or discarded by Kazakhstani Germans, depending on their past lived experiences or present daily lives.


Objective To discuss the effect of temperature-controlled plasma radiofequeney in the trea tment of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis.Method The clinical data of 150 patients with hypertrophic rhinitis admitted in out hospital in recent years were retrospectively analyzed. Results The treatment group(78 p atients) was treated with the low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation the rapy,the total effective rate was 96.15%,and the control group(72 patients) w as treated with the microwave treatment,the total effective rate was 86.11%.T he difference in the total effective rate between the two groups was significant( P0.05).Conclusion L ow temperature plasma treating hypertrophic rhinitis has good clinical curative ef fect,is worth popularizing.


We discuss a toy model to study the dynamics of individual particles in avalanches. The model describes a particle launched from an inclined infinite staircase. The particle is not allowed to bounce when it collides with the staircase. During the collision, the particle loses some energy, and after that slides on to the end of the step it landed on. The process then repeats itself. The dynamics of this no-bounce model can essentially be completely understood. Partial versions of some results were stated and argued in previous work. Here we give a full description together with all the proofs. We also briefly mention a second model where the no-bounce restriction is lifted and briefly describe the main features of that more complicated model.


Diverse types of data are associated with proteins, including network and categorical data. While graph mining techniques have long focused on data with no more than one label per node, generalizations have recently been developed. We show that existing generalizations are not well suited to typical biological networks and are likely to return few or no results on protein regulatory networks. They are, furthermore, ill-suited to graphs that are dense or show the small world property, which are typical features of biological networks. A graph-relational edge disjoint instance mining algorithm (GR-EDI) is presented that resolves these problems. Our algorithm treats bipartite edges separately and only constrains unipartite edges to be disjoint. We introduce a new pattern constraint that recovers the downward closure property. The algorithm uses a search lattice traversal strategy that allows more effective mining of graphs that cannot be considered as sparse due to hubs. Effectiveness is demonstrated for a real biological example. While existing techniques return few or no patterns, GR-EDI is able to extract many patterns.


From common and used to rare and forgotten: Past and present distribution of the archaeophyte Euphorbia lathyris L. (Euphorbiaceae) in southern Italy and Sicily. Our study aimed at clarifying the current and previous occurrence, distribution and status (native vs. introduced) of Euphorbia lathyris L., the caper spurge, in S Italy and Sicily: the most recent Italian floras and checklists, in fact, do not report this species for this area. To do this, a multi-disciplinary research was carried out taking into account not only botanical but also ethnobotanical and dialectological sources and a survey of the main herbaria of central and southern Italy. Our results point out that E. lathyris was much more frequent, well-known and commonly used in the whole southern Italy and in Sicily until 2-3 centuries ago, and that it probably experienced isolated cases of short naturalization at that time. Nowadays the caper spurge still occurs with few, small and scattered populations only in Molise and Calabria.


Motivational factors play an important role in increasing employee job satisfaction. This will result in improving organizational performance. High productivity is a long term benefits of employee motivation. Motivated employee is a valuable asset who creates value for an organization in strengthening the business and revenue growth. Motivation is going to work if the right person with suitable skills is made responsible for the job or otherwise it will be the wastage of resources and time, and will lead to job dissatisfaction. The paper is aimed to study the effect of employee motivation on job satisfaction and organizational performance. A detailed questionnaire is framed to achieve the above cited objectives.


The invention discloses a processing method for manufacturing tea by Dendrobium officinale dry leaves. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) collecting Dendrobium officinale leaves; (2)drying until the dryness is 80 to 85%, and storing the Dendrobium officinale leaves at a ventilated dry place; (3) carrying out mist spray by using hot water of 85 DEG C until surfaces of the dry leaves are wet, and covering by cloth to facilitate withering of the leaves; (4) continuously turning over at the constant temperature of 90 DEG C; (5) carrying out fast packaging by using a fast packaging machine, placing the packages into a package kneading machine to be packaged and kneaded, then putting into a loosening machine to be deblocked for two times repeatedly, and placing into a clean edible plastic bag to be fermented for 6 hours; (6) carrying out granulation: extruding left and right, front and back firstly by 10 Ps pressure, deblocking, repeating for four times, then repeating for 6 times again by using 11 Ps pressure, finally repeating for 8 times by 12 Ps pressure, and finishing granulating after particles take up not less than 95%; and (7) raising the temperature to 120 DEG C while drying at the temperature of 80 DEG C until the water content is 5 to 6%, carrying out packaging continuously for 5 minutes, and storing, then obtaining the Dendrobium officinale tea. The processing method for manufacturing the tea by the Dendrobium officinale dry leaves disclosed by the invention makes full use of precious resources, increases additional values of Dendrobium officinale and has a large-scale and mass production. Furthermore, the tea is brewed conveniently.


: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of giving spinach and tomato smoothies with Fe tablets to increase Hb in pregnant women. This type of research is quasi-experimental oquasi research with two pretest-posttest design groups. Paired T-Test Test results stated that the value (r) in the higher group was 0.837 which meant that it was stronger than by only providing Fe tablets, this group received a value (r) of 0.730 which meant it had strong strength. The results of this study indicate that spinach and tomato smoothies are effective against increasing levels of hemoglobin in pregnant women this is supported by the value of p-value, with a value of {p (0,000) <α (0.05)}. The case group obtained higher effectiveness than the control group, indicated by the results of the value (r). The correlation value in the case group was (r) = 0.837, meaning that the effectiveness of Fe tablets, spinach smoothie with tomatoes on hemoglobin levels in pregnant women was very strong while the correlation value in the control group was (r) = 0.730 meaning the effectiveness of Fe tablets on hemoglobin in pregnant womenare stronger.


This paper chronicles the process undertaken by one community college to analyze its Developmental Studies Program. A participant/observer faculty member involved in the college's assessment activities contemplated the institution's complex past, the challenging present, and the unfolding future. An interesting account explicating committee discussions that involved effective developmental education design and delivery, including the work of Boylan (2000), McCabe (2003), and Roueche and Roueche (1999), shows the scholarly frameworks used to influence decision-making. Increased rapport among committee participants as well as an extended-hour pilot program can be noted as two important results of this internal review and organizational change effort.


Abstract The effects of supply chain integration on operational performance have been investigated in past research. However, this relationship has not been tested in the context of national culture, which forms the major objective of this study. Furthermore, a second objective is to identify the elements of national culture that have a significant moderating effect on this relationship. Following this line of inquiry, a third objective is to uniquely investigate the relative efficacy of the Hofstede and GLOBE national culture frameworks. Data from the fifth survey round of the Global Manufacturing Research Group (GMRG) from 1,017 manufacturing plants in 14 countries were utilized for hierarchical linear model (HLM) analysis. This study shows, first, that supply chain integration has a positive effect on delivery performance across national cultures. Second, this relationship was affected by two national culture dimensions: uncertainty avoidance and future orientation. It was found that investments in supply chain integration are more beneficial for societies that score high on uncertainty avoidance, and low on the future-orientation scales. Third, between GLOBE and Hofstede culture frameworks, the GLOBE framework proved more effective in capturing the influence of national culture in this context.


The intermittency, volatility, and randomness of the power output of wind farms lead to serious power quality problems at the point of common coupling (PCC) of wind farms. Many waveform recording signals have high requirements for data transmission and storage, which is not conducive to wind power disturbance data analysis. Therefore, a power quality disturbance data compression method based on integrated wavelet and atomic decomposition is proposed to improve the compression ratio and computational complexity. According to the characteristics of power quality disturbance signal, a small-scale coherent atomic dictionary was established to characterize the disturbance components. Based on the small-scale atomic dictionary, the main components of the signal are represented in parametric atomics by atomic decomposition with the matching pursuit algorithm to achieve data compression. Then the irregular residuals of the signal are further decomposed by wavelet method to improve the effectiveness. Simulation results indicates that the proposed method inherits the high compression ratio of atomic decomposition, and further reduces the computational complexity of residual signal decomposition by wavelet transform, obtaining high compression ratios along with high signal-to-noise ratios.


Recent developments in making fibre materials using the foam‐forming technology have raised a need to characterize the porous structure at low material density. In order to find an effective choice among all structure‐characterization methods, both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional techniques were used to explore the porous structure of foam‐formed samples made with two different types of cellulose fibre. These techniques included X‐ray microtomography, scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, direct surface imaging using a CCD camera and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The mean pore radius for a varying type of fibre and for varying foam properties was described similarly by all imaging methods. X‐ray microtomography provided the most extensive information about the sheet structure, and showed more pronounced effects of varying foam properties than the two‐dimensional imaging techniques. The two‐dimensional methods slightly underestimated the mean pore size of samples containing stiff CTMP fibres with void radii exceeding 100 μm, and overestimated the pore size for the samples containing flexible kraft fibres with all void radii below 100 μm. The direct rapid surface imaging with a CCD camera showed surprisingly strong agreement with the other imaging techniques. Mercury intrusion porosimetry was able to characterize pore sizes also in the submicron region and led to an increased relative volume of the pores in the range of the mean bubble size of the foam. This may be related to the penetration channels created by the foam‐fibre interaction.


With increasing amount of electric and electronic appliances applied in vehicles, the internal and external electromagnetic environments become more and more serious. Thus will yield numerous unexpected EMC problems and might threaten vehicle information safety and driving safety. Many EMC standards which specify the electromagnetic emission and susceptibility requirements have been established, it will be an economical and liable approach for considering EMC design according to the corresponding standards at the beginning stage of the whole project. This paper presents a vehicle model pre-processing technique for the electromagnetic environment construction and discusses the model precision that relates to geometry setup, radiation source distance and antenna type. The validity of model construction technique is then demonstrated through the comparison between simulation and measurement.


The premise of this paper is that China has a divided national identity, characteristic of a category of nation-states divided for political reasons since World War II. Until 1999, responsibility for this sense of national division could be diffused, but since the retrocession of Hong Kong and Macao, frustration and blame have focused on Taiwan, the last remaining symbol of China's 'national humiliation'. Characteristic of such a divided identity are ambivalent feelings, aiming on the one hand to idealize and desire to incorporate the 'missing' or 'lost' segment of the nation, and on the other to punish it for refusing to return. It is important to understand that Chinese feelings about Taiwan are not a simple reflection of empirical developments on the island, but also project latent ideas about China's own unresolved national identity. China's attempts to overcome this division have undergone several changes, making significant progress while encountering difficult (and as yet still insuperable) obstacles.


ABSTRACT In this paper, two professors in education share their reflections on their experience designing and implementing an International Doctoral Research Seminar at their university. Using a collaborative autoethnographic methodology, they consider how such seminars have the potential to provide space for emerging academics to actively engage and learn from each other in authentic and meaningful ways. Using communities of practice and transcultural pedagogies frameworks, the authors unpack the dynamics of this particular seminar, drawing on their respective reflections regarding the design and animation of this experience. Authors refer to the significance of creating a caring and open community through all phases of the seminar and mindfully cultivating a learning space that works toward creating a more inclusive and active learning culture As the authors advance implications for practice they draw on a transcultural discourse with its emphasis on engagement with other cultures in order to move beyond one's cultural and language of origin, toward the integration of different views.


Off late we have seen an increase in the usage of IOT devices in various domains. Such devices are equipped with advanced data sensors that can gather environmental data, processing it to certain extent and transmitting them back to backend devices. This is possible due to reduction in computation cost, easy access to Wireless Technologies and a plethora of sensors being made available to the end user. However, one of the open challenges in this regard is to be able to be complete the assigned task reliably within a specific period to be able to satisfy the latency requirements of latency sensitive applications. Since the IOT devices generally tend to have a limited amount of computing resource, it needs support from the backend computing machines that can perform a part of the heavy computation. In most cases these back end devices remain in the edge of the network are not offloaded to the cloud as high network latency is introduced otherwise. This makes Edge computing an ideal choice for Latency sensitive IOT applications. In this research paper we will be exploring the IOT based Edge Computing Applications and Machine Learning Tools that are used for the same


The No. 2 blast furnace is a single taphole furnace with a convection air-cooled iron trough. The iron runner system is designed to fill four 90 ton open-top ladles per cast, which are transported by locomotive to the steel shop. The slag runner system is capable of filling three 800 ft{sup 3} slag pots per cast. The No. 2 blast furnace was blown in from mini-reline with this new casthouse configuration in early December 1991. It was operated for nearly three years until it was banked for planned stove repairs and a trough rebuild in late September 1994. During this period, the furnace produced just over 2.5 million tons of hot metal across the original trough refractory lining system, with 13 intermediate hot patch castable repairs. The entire casthouse refractory usage (main trough, runner systems, and covers) during this campaign was 1.06 pounds per net ton of hot metal. Investigation of the lining during demolition indicated that the trough lining campaign could have been extended to at least 3.0 million tons. This paper will discuss how operating practices, mechanical design, refractory design, maintenance philosophy, and attention to detail synergistically contributed to the long campaign life and low refractory consumption rate.


The present study employed a sample of 25,087 students in 117 elementary schools. Using hierarchical linear modeling, relations of school- and classroom-level instrumental support (academic emphasis) and expressive support (communal relationships) to student academic achievement were examined. At the individual level, student perceptions of each type of support were significantly and positively related to self-reported grade point average (GPA), with classroom expressive support having the strongest relation. At the school level, only classroom expressive support was associated with schools having higher student self-reported GPAs. All the various 2-way combinations of the types of support found in schools did not contribute significantly to school GPA. However, among schools having more socioeconomically disadvantaged students, expressive support in combination with its respective level of instrumental support (either school or classroom) was associated with higher GPAs. Additionally, school expressive support combined with classroom instrumental support was associated with smaller gaps in GPAs between minority and nonminority students. Results are discussed in relation to past explanations as to why instrumental support and, in particular, expressive support might benefit the learning of socioeconomically disadvantaged and minority children.


The population of unowned, freeroaming cats and dogs in the world is unknown, but we know an overpopulation of these animals exists. they present a health threat to people and pets. rabid dogs are the main source of rabies deaths in people worldwide.1 Free-roaming dogs and cats may also have a negative impact on wild species and the environment. Furthermore, the welfare of freeroaming animals is debatable and likely varies with location, climate, and people's attitudes. Some evidence indicates that free-roaming cats have shorter life spans than owned cats. One study showed that 87 of 169 (51%) free-roaming kittens died before 6 months of age, and the most common cause of death was trauma from dog attacks or motor vehicle accidents.2


This paper proposes a hybrid predictive control strategy composed of local predictive controllers which interact with each other. This control strategy is applied to a solar powered hot water storage (SHWS) system that supplies energy for a building cooling system. Two local controllers are proposed for the SHWS system and the building cooling system respectively. The main objective of the control approach is to optimize the use of the solar energy in order to ensure the cooling requirement of the building. The proposed interactions between the controllers offer a degree of freedom to the SHWS controller in order to satisfy the energy demand by the building cooling system. The performances of this interacting control architecture are illustrated using a TRNSYS model of a solar cooling system.


This study was conducted with the aim of redesigning the interface for smart TV. TV has been a monopolist for a long time as a video distribution platform. However, the content market is rapidly changing due to the development of digital technology and the emergence of personalized smart media. As a result, people are starting to use various platforms to watch videos, and TV is also trying to create a new paradigm of smart TV by applying various digital technologies. Especially, it is necessary to develop an interface to make TVs with a wide user base easy and comfortable to use. For this purpose, we conducted a theoretical study on TV and examined the changes of contents market and TV in chronological order, and we defined the concept of smart TV. After analyzing the content structure and interface characteristics of 15 cases introduced to the domestic and overseas markets. At this time, the study on the remote controller is also carried out to consider the operation. In addition, through analyzing the papers related to the user segment, we extracted the five factors influencing the segmentation of the TV user and derived six segments based on the extracted factors. We analyzed the needs of actual TV users by observing them, analyzing tasks, and interviewing them. Based on the results of the analysis, we derived a new type of interface mapped to the 4-way button and created a prototype for to test how it works. Even though there is a regret that it was carried out for domestic users, but it is meaningful that the user-centered interface design has been derived.


THIS REPORT PRESENTS THE RESULTS OF A STUDY OF LEGAL AND VALUATION PROBLEMS THAT ARE LIKELY TO ARISE IN CONNECTION WITH ANY SERIOUS EFFORT TO CONTROL ROADSIDE ADVERTISING PURSUANT TO TITLE I OF THE HIGHWAY BEAUTIFICATION ACT OF 1965, OR ANY ALTERNATIVE ROADSIDE ADVERTISING CONTROL PROGRAM BASED ON USE OF THE POLICE POWER OR THE POWER OF EMINENT DOMAIN. THE REPORT SUMMARIZES THESE PROVISIONS AND THEN DEALS WITH SEVERAL CONSTRUCTIONAL PROBLEMS IN THE LANGUAGE OF TITLE I. /HRB/


Ultra Dense Networks (UDNs) are considered a key element to address the expected growing of communication capacity demand in an affordable and sustainable way, improving both spectral and energy efficiency. This paper focuses on the energy efficiency of a coordinated multicell multicast transmission in UDNs. In particular, a new iterative algorithm is proposed, whose goal is to maximize the energy efficiency of a single-group multicast service. Toward this goal, the cells are activated opportunistically, only when needed, using suitable transmission power. Moreover, small cells use adaptive beamforming weights in order to increase the efficiency of the radiated power. The effectiveness of the proposed method is proven in terms of energy efficiency and in comparison with different benchmark solutions. Benefits and limits of network densification are evaluated.


The present disclosure relates to improved methods for preparing carbohydrate conjugates. The present disclosure also relates to carbohydrate-conjugated iRNA agents, including those carbohydrate conjugates that have improved purity and are advantageous for in vivo delivery of iRNA agents.


1, Introduction A chemically amplified positive working resist used for processing of the Large Scale Integrated circuit of semiconductor devices has been demanded high sensitivity and high resolution. After the concept of chemically amplified resist was proposed [1-2], positive working resist using protecting group such as t-butoxycarbonyl, tetrahydropyranyl or alkoxyethyl is main current in microlithography [3-4]. Yamaoka and co-workers have been studying cross-linking type positive working resist using vinyl ether cross-linker [5-11]. Thermal cross-linking reaction between polymer and vinyl ether cross-linker can make acetal bonding. The acetal bond is easily de-cross-linked by photochemically-generated acid. This positive working resist with vinyl ether cross-linker has a high sensitivity. Furthermore, the vinyl ether cross-linker can be freely used in any polymer which has carboxyl group or phenol group, for example, novolak resign, poly(p-hydroxy styrene), poly(acrylic acid) and so forth. Chemically amplified resist using acid-catalyzed reaction needs acid diffusion in exposed area for achievement of high sensitivity. However, the acid diffusion from exposed area to un-exposed area give a problem for high resolution. The cross-linked structure between polymer and vinyl ether cross-linker is expected to control the acid diffusion. Vinyl ether cross-linker with 4,4'-isopropylidenebisbenzenol structure has been used so far, however, this type has a big problem in the view of the pollution of the environment. Therefore, we tried here to introduce terpene structure to vinyl ether cross-linker. Terpene is a natural product which is extracted from plants. In this paper, we investigate that a new type of vinyl ether cross-linker using terpene derivatives and the application to the photolithography materials.


Abstract. With the development of feed industry, the proper way to reducing production cost while keeping quality gained more attention from producer. While processing of pellet feed as main part of formula feed has been confirmed as an extremely complicated system due to varieties of hydrothermal conversion as well as stress fluctuation which effected by lots of factors. Meantime, the comprehensive relationships in the process including nonlinear relation between these factors bring difficulties for exact quantitative mathematical model to describe the relationship between these effected parameters and production quality. Therefore, if a particular tool can be applied to forecast production quality in an certain reliability based on effected parameters before actual production, it will assist producer to make targeted adjustment of these effected parameters to promote production quality in time which avoiding the risk of loss of benefits. As a typical Black Box Approach, model established by Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is based on inside relation between inputs and outputs which overcome the limitations of traditional mathematical model facing the complexity of feed processing, avoiding interference of human factors in maximum. For this reason, the Back-Propagation algorithm was selected to modeling the processing of pellet feed and achieves quality prediction on account of effected parameters. Basing on livestock feed, an indicator system consisted by inputs (processing parameters and diet character) as well as outputs (Pellet Durability Index and pellet hardness) was established. Meantime, the ANN model was actualized applying a toolbox in the MATLAB software using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm which shows high stability and fast convergence rate. After a preliminary experiment, the structure of the model was designed as four layers include input layer, output layer and two hidden layers with 7 and 8 neurons accordingly. By analyzing results of the testing, it can be concluded that the utilization of ANN in predicting the product quality of pellet feed was feasible with relative ideal results. The application of this method is capable of saving time and money costing for proper processing parameters search as well as product quality fluctuation in a certain degree, which is meaningful to the profit growth of enterprise and the rational use of social resources.


This chapter summarizes the core themes explored in this volume on Critical Perspectives on the Management and Organization of Emergency Services, as part of the Routledge Critical Studies in Public Management Series. The coverage depicts substantial differences in terms of organizational and management practices across the blue-light services, but also suggests significant changes affecting the nature of work, organization, managerial scrutiny and professional identity in these services. One of the highlights of this volume is to incorporate the knowledge of both; the professional experts and academics in improving our understanding and knowledge of these important but under-researched public services. A call for further research in a thinly researched field is also made for management scholars and researchers.


Most chorioamnionitis is due to preterm premature rupture of membranes and is closely associated with preterm labor which induces three quarters of newnatal death.So we should pay intensive attention to the presence of chorioamnionitis,especially asymptomatic patients that is often neglected.Based on a large amount of literature,We can see the result about predictive value of chorioamnionitis from tradition bioindicator including erythrocyte sedimentation rate,white blood cell counting and the C-response protein,and from the modern molecular bioindicator including matrix metal proteinase,interleukin,tumor necrosis factor and so on.Serum bioindicators have the advantages of precision,fast and relatively noninvasive method,which is well documented in pregnants by present researchs.By the study of inflammatory cytokines,it is expected to offer new sensitive and available serum biomarkers for the prospective diagnosis of chorioamnionitis.


The main task of this article is analysis of mutual perception of Soviet people and Australians during the first part of the Cold War. Situation in provincial centers of USSR and Australia (Urals region and Western Australia) is at the center of author`s attention. The article is based on the materials of Orenburg region`s Center of contemporary history documents, newspapers «Uralsky Rabochy» (Sverdlovsk) and «The West Australian» (Pert). The author proves that formation of images of these countries had special characteristics due to their roles in world policy and their political regimes. The author concludes Australians had complex but controversial image of Soviet Union. There was no real image of Australia among ordinary Soviet people. Originality of this article is connected with its first attempt to analyse mutual perception of Soviet people and Australians during the first part of the Cold War studying situation in provincial centers of USSR and Australia. Importance of this article is also connected with high relevance of the problem of formation of the images of nations in contemporary conditions of development of international humanitarian contacts.


In this expository note we describe important examples of Lagrangian mean curvature flow in $\mathbb{C}^2$ which are invariant under a circle action. Through these examples, we see compact and non-compact situations, long-time existence, singularities forming via explicit models, and significant objects in Riemannian and symplectic geometry, including the Clifford torus, Chekanov torus, Whitney sphere and Lawlor necks.