B ESIDES the intrinsic value attaching to the names of diseases their contemplation is often of interest as throwing into relief a feature that might otherwise escape our notice or be accorded insufficient value. Appellations may remind us also of how our predecessors regarded this or that affection, and what treatment and precautions they took against them. Alopecia areata for instance has had number of names, all of them interesting in recalling some point in its history, appearance or nature. The nomenclature of this remarkable affection also serves to recall the bitter strife that centered about the question of its contagiousness, a strife that lasted for years, until finally cleared up by Sabouraud. This disputation was limited to physicians and scientists of the western edge of the Eurasian Continent, principally to France with repercussions in Germany and to a lesser extent in England, with very little movement in America. The genius of our people runs rather in strife on social and economic questions with theological, educational and monetary implications. We rarely grow heated, as do the French and Germans, over scientific or medical questions, although we may become deeply interested. The name, alopecia areata, is now given to a distinct type of patchy baldness, of which the obvious symptoms are a sudden loss of hair in a circular or oval area, leaving a startlingly white, smooth, perfectly bald surface unaccompanied by any evidences of inflammation. The less obvious symptoms are that the surface appears to be slightly depressed, due to the loss of thickness of the scalp occasioned by the loss of hair, and also there is the presence of a number of short hairs surrounding the central bald spot. These hairs are easily extracted, look dull and lusterless and are club-shaped, and so deserve their very descriptive name of "exclamation mark'' hairs. They are obviously atrophied. After a longer or shorter time the lost hair is restored in its integrity. Few diseases are simpler in symptoms, and few are freer from discomfort, and few indeed have a better prognosis, and yet few give rise to more anxiety. This anxiety arises from the sentimental regard we entertain for the small area of hair covering the top and back of the head. The afflicted one fears that the whole decoration may vanish, especially when other patches follow the first, which not seldom occurs. This affection has never been endowed with a vast number of names as was syphilis for example, with its hundreds of appellations. In chronological order it has been called alopecia with a subvariety: ophiasis area, area Celsi, alopecia areata, porrigo decalvans and la pelade.


An exoglucanase, purified from a cellulase produced by the fungus Trichoderma harzianum was complexed to colloidal gold and used for localizing β-1,4-glucan-containing molecules in the cell walls of some fungi. With the exception of Aspergillus niger, β-1,4-glucan-rich molecules were found to be associated with conidial walls of Trichoderma viride, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici, Verticillium albo-atrum, Penicillium thomii, and Ophiostoma ulmi. The abolition of wall labeling following previous cellulase digestion suggested that the compunds detected by the exoglucanase–gold complex were likely of cellulosic nature. Differences in cell wall composition between conidia and mycelium were reflected by the absence of β-1,4-glucan-containing molecules in the vegetative walls of most fungi tested. This raises the question as to what extent the chemical composition of spore walls should be considered as an important criterion in the taxonomy and phylogeny of fungi. The disappearance of these molecul...


Objective: To document the asymmetrical functional brain lesions in corticobasal degeneration (CBD) using proton magnetic resonance neurospectroscopy (MRS) and EEG cartography (EEGq). Methods: Eight patients with probable CBD were included in the study after full neurological examination and extensive neuropsychological testing, single photon emission computed tomography, anatomical x ray tomodensitometry (TDM), magnetic resonance imaging, and MRS examination. Results: MR spectra were abnormal in all seven patients in whom the examination could be completed. The EEG was also always modified in the CBD patients, and the abnormalities were enhanced by activation procedures. There was a good correlation between MRS anomalies and clinical presentation, between EEG modifications and neuropsychological patterns, and between metabolic (MRS) impairment and electrophysiological (EEG) slowing. Conclusions: These results confirm the asymmetrical features of CBD. Combined EEGq/MRS examinations at disease onset and during its subsequent course could provide strong diagnostic evidence of CBD.


Let G be a p ‐group of maximal class of order pm , p ≠ 2, and c (G) the degree of commutativity of G. Let c0 be the nonnegative residue of c modulo p – 1. In this paper, by using only Lie algebra techniques, we prove that 2c ≥ m – 2p + c 0 + 1. Also, we give examples of Lie algebras satisfying the following equalities:


Diagnostic quality is an essential requirement in the medical images compression field to avoid misdiagnosis by radiologists. In this paper, a novel study on using the logarithm in medical images compression is presented.
In this approach the novel compression and resolution schemes are proposed to improve the image quality. The proposed compression schemes rely on 3D discrete wavelet transform, denoising, gamma correlation method and sparse dictionary representation method. With the increasing use of telemedicine there is a great demand in real-time processing and transmission of medical images. Noise is one of the important factors that degrade the quality of medical images. Impulse noise is a common noise that could be caused by malfunctioning of sensors or by data transmission errors. It is one the most common noises that have extensively been studied in recent years. For real-time noise removal hardware techniques are more suited, since software methods are complex and slow. Usually hardware techniques have low complexity and low accuracy. In this paper a low complexity, high accuracy, de-noising method is proposed.It first categorizes image pixels into a number of groups. Then noisy pixels are restored in different ways in each category. Local analysis of image blocks allows us to restore a noisy pixel by using its neighbouring non-noisy pixels. All steps are designed to have low hardware complexity. Simulation results show that in the case of MR images, the proposed method removes impulse noise with acceptable accuracy.


Because of their low thermal conductivity, polymers are not commonly considered as a material to construct heat exchangers, except for specific applications, e.g. heat recovery from solvent laden streams, where exotic alloys are required to prevent corrosion. In this review the material properties of polymers are examined, as well as the current state of the art of polymer matrix composites. It is shown that these materials do hold promise for use in the construction of heat exchangers in HVAC&R applications, but that a considerable amount of research is still required into material properties and life-time behavior. A successful application of polymers or polymer matrix composites is based on careful material selection and modification of the design to fully exploit the material properties, as is demonstrated through a series of examples. a 2008 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved. Echangeurs de chaleur en polymère pour les applications dans le chauffage, la ventilation, le conditionnement d'air et le froid : état de l'art Mots clés : Échangeur de chaleur ; Conditionnement d'air ; Froid ; Enquête ; Matériau ; Polymère ; Additif ; Exemple ; Technologie ; fax: þ32 9 254 3575. be (C. T'Joen). er Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved. i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f r e f r i g e r a t i o n 3 2 ( 2 0 0 9 ) 7 6 3 – 7 7 9 764


The Flipped Classroom is derived from Forest park high school. Its origin idea is to put the video, which is made by teaching timely and performing by PPT, on the Internet to help the students who need to make for the missed class. After that, more and more people pay attention to it. Flipped Classroom is applied in a wide range of education fields, such as primary school, middle school, high school and even adult education. While in China, Flipped Classroom is at the stage of exploring and studying, and just parts of schools start to explore and apply. Based on this status, it focuses on the application of Flipped Classroom to English grammar teaching in second high school, and the purpose is to create a better teaching method to put the Flipped Classroom in English grammar teaching in second high school. the paper gives summary and reflection to the research results, and the significance is to let teachers make full use of classroom time to improve the teaching efficiency and help students learn English grammar effectively after understanding and analyzing students' needs. Keywords—Flipped Classroom; second High school English; English grammar teaching


von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common hereditary bleeding disorder. It is caused by quantitative and/or qualitative defects of the von Willebrand factor (VWF). The severity of the disease can vary considerably, as can the hereditary patterns. The variable phenotypes of VWD have given rise to a classification scheme that divides the disease into three types according to how it is manifested and inherited. The genetics of, especially type 1, VWD is relatively complicated and many aspects of it remain to be elucidated. The purpose of these studies was therefore to investigate and clarify certain genetic mechanisms that underlie VWD. When we investigated to what extent co-segregation exists in type 1 VWD, we found that the disease is linked to the VWF gene in a majority (27 of 31) of Swedish type 1 VWD families. Several common disease haplotypes probably exist for type 1 VWD in Sweden, which suggests founder effects. The Y1584C variation is not as common in the Swedish type 1 VWD population as it is in some other populations. We confirmed that blood group O is over-represented among type 1 VWD patients in Sweden. Apart from certain misunderstandings, the participants in the linkage study were found to have a satisfying level of knowledge of the genetics of the disease. In general, patients, younger individuals, and women have a higher knowledge about the genetics causing type 1 VWD than do healthy relatives, older individuals, and men, respectively. Inherited recessively, the C570S mutation causes a distinct subtype of type 2A VWD characterized by very low plasma FVIII and VWF levels and the exclusive presence of the dimeric form of VWF in plasma. The findings define a structural element that is indispensable for VWF multimerization. Inherited dominantly, the N1421K mutation causes type 2M VWD characterized by moderately decreased plasma FVIII and VWF levels, disproportionately low plasma VWF:RCo levels, and an apparently normal multimeric pattern. The findings indicate a structural element in the A1 domain that is necessary for proper GPIb binding. (Less)


Aiming at bonding quality detection problems of multilayer coating structure for the airborne solid rocket motor,an automatic ultrasonic image diagnosis system was developed by using double-mode focused probe detection method.The system is suitable for bonding quality detection of varions air-to-air missile rocket motors with diameter within 90~250 mm,total length less than 2 000mm,and some pretruding things on the case surfae.Through one C-scan,bonding quality images among different interfaces of multilayer coating structure were obtained,and debond inspection resolution power is less than 5 mm.


Both eicosapentaenoic acid (10:5n-3,EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, DHA) can markedly lower plasma triglycerides and VLDLconcentrations, linoleic acid and linolenic acid do not show the same effect at comparable doses. Moderate intakes of EPA and DHA increase HDL2 cholesterol but high intakes decrease HDL cholesterol. As little as 1-2 g EPA and DHA (an amount equivalent to 100 g oily fish/day) can bring about a substantial reduction in plasma triglycerides in both normal and hypertriglyceridaemic patients. VLDL synthesis is decreased by moderate intakes and at high intakes (> 20 g n-3 fatty acids/day) LDL synthesis is also decreased. However, as with other triglyceride lowering agents such as fibrates, LDL levels tend to increase in patients with type IV and V hyperlipoproteinaemias. This may be a consequence of a reduction in VLDL particle size thus favouring the conversion of VLDL to LDL. EPA and DHA concentrates are not useful for the management of hypercholesterolaemia but are effective triglyceride lowering agents in patients with high levels ofVLDL and intermediate denisity lipoprotein. Animal studies show a synergistic LDL lowering effect of fish oil and the statins. High intakes ofEPA and DHA may impair glucose homeostasis in non-insulin dependent diabetics and increase the requirement ofanti-oxidant nutrients in particular vitamin E. The latter may well be important in view ofthe knowledge the oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins is necessary for foam cell formation, an early event in the initiation of atherosclerosis.


We present a performance comparison of three IBM systems, main-frame, SP1, and SP2. Some data are added, which refer to enhanced nodes of SP2, and to two different nodes type and configuration. We choose for the comparison three linear algebra problems : the matrix product, the solution of a system of linear equations, and the calculation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a square matrix. The comparison was made by using the APL2 functions and operators that are implemented to solve linear algebra problems, because they are implemented as primitive or plugged functions. The data were collected from 1994, following the migrations of our our computer service. Since the comparison was made for offering to our users a first idea of the performance they could expect after the migration on the new architectures, the reported data concern a multiusers environment with a heavy load on each node. TEL:: +39 050 593 288 EMAIL:: email@example.com


Read about the drought in Italy affecting the Trebbiano grapes used in our balsamics and a reminder of 4 all-new Cooking Classes in the next two months.


In the face of the challenge of knowledge economics in the 21 st century, the higher education of China has been transformed from the models of examination\|oriented education, specialty\|oriented education into the model of quality\|based education for the purpose of consciousness training of independent, efficiency, competition, innovation and democracy, namely, the education of colleges and universities should attach great importance to studients′ innovative and practical ability, the enterprising spirit, as well as the general improvement of humanities quality and the scientific quality: As regarding the effective aspects to improve college students′ qualities, in\|depth analysis has been done in the development of mathematical modeling teaching and practice in order to explore the relationship between mathematical modeling teaching and quality\|based education. While having a good understanding of mathematical modeling teaching and practice, the conclusion has been drawn that htis type of education which has no disturbance to the normal order is considered to be one of the effective means of improving college students′ qualities.


This study sought to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from inpatients populations at the Kenyatta National Hospital. A total of 188 P. aeruginosa strains were obtained from different inpatient wards from August 2015 to January 2016. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were conducted on the Vitek 2-Compact (Biomereux company-France). P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and E. coli ATCC 25922 were used as reference strains for drug resistance testing and interpretation done based on the CLSI 2017 guideline. High resistance was recorded towards Tetracycline (92%) with an MIC of ≥ 128μg/ml followed by Cefotaxime (88.8%) and Ceftriaxone (86.2%) with MICs of ≥ 64μg/ml. Lowest resistance was recorded towards Piperacillin (25%) and Amikacin (46.3%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from the Critical care unit (CCU) recorded the highest resistance of 83% to all the antimicrobial tested while least resistance was observed in strains from the Newborn unit (NBU) ward (38%). On the other hand, isolates obtained from urine (92%) sample were the most resistant while lowest resistance was recorded from blood samples (29%). PCR screening revealed 68 Metallo β-lactamase (MBL) positive strains amongst 127 isolates that were Meropenem resistance. Resistance to Aztreonam amongst the 68 MβL positive producers was 89.7%. Resistance to CAZ, CIP, CN, and AMK was 82.4%, 80.9%, 88.2% and 78% respectively. At least 52(76.5%) of these MβL positive isolates were recovered from patients in the Critical Care Unit. Among the total 188 recovered P. aeruginosa, 48 (25.5%) carried class-1 integron with a single strain among them also harbouring a class-3 integron. Carriage of integron among the 64 blaVEB positive isolates was 70.3%. Among the 68 isolates that were positive for blaNDM, 47 (69.1%) carried class-1 integron. Overall, 45 (23.9%) among the 188 P. aeruginosa isolates were positive for a co-carriage of blaNDM, blaVEB, and class I integron. Plasmid screening revealed 3 types of incompatibility groups. One P. aeruginosa isolate had both incW and incFIB, while another isolate had an incN. Phylogenic cluster analysis using the Gelcompar2® revealed four major clusters based on age, specimen type and wards. The four clusters had a significant genetic similarity of >80% amongst P. aeruginosa strains obtained from different wards which is indicative of cross-infection.


AIM To investigate the effects of Changweiqing(Astragali Radix,Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma,Codonopsis Radix,Polyporus,Coicis Semen,Akebiae Fructus,Vitis quinquangularis Caulis,Sargentodoxae Caulis,etc.) on reversing oxaliplatin resistance in human colon cancer cell line HCT116/L-OHP and influence in Pt-DNA.METHODS The oxaliplatin resistant human colon cancer cell line nude mice xenograft model was established by inoculating HCT116/L-OHP.Then the mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group,oxaliplatin group,Changweiqing group,low dose of Changweiqing plus oxaliplatin group and high dose of Changweiqing plus oxaliplatin group.The tumor volume and mice weight in each group were calculated before and after the treatment.The effects of Changweiqing drug serum on reversing oxaliplatin-resistant HCT116/L-OHP were measured by MTT assay.The cellular accumulation of platinum and Pt-DNA adduct was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.RESULTS The tumor volume in low and high dose of Changweiqing plus oxaliplatin groups was smaller than that in Changweiqing or oxaliplatin groups(P0.01).The high dose of Changweiqing plus oxaliplatin group had the highest tumor inhibitory rate.The decrease of weight in Changweiqing plus oxaliplatin group was less than that in oxaliplatin group.The reversal index of 7.5% Changweiqing drug serum on HCT116/L-OHP reached 2.74.After being treated by 7.5% drug serum,the intracellular platinum drug and Pt-DNA adduct contents of HCT116/L-OHP cells increased,and Pt-DNA adduct contents increased by 15.74%.CONCLUSION The reversal of oxaliplatin-resistant HCT116/L-OHP by Changweiqing may be associated with its increase in Pt-DNA adduct concentration in tumor cell.


The object of this experiment was to study the effects of switching to studless winter tyres on driving behavior. The duration of the experiment is two years. The results of the first year are presented in this report. 120 test drivers were recruited from the vehicle register through a survey. It turned out that switching to studless winter tyres had no effects on the number of trips made, timing of trips, use of other transportation modes, driving routes selected or the purpose of trips. However, the effects were seen on the operational level in actual driving. This is a report from the Road Traffic and Winter project.


The utility model discloses an improved structure of a water tank of a gas water heater. According to the improved structure of the water tank of the gas water heater, heat exchange pipes forming a snake-type bending shape and a plurality of mutually parallel heat transfer sheets are arranged in the water tank, the heat transfer sheets are vertically arranged on the upper part in the water tank, and the heat exchange pipes are transversely arranged and bent outside the water tank; the heat exchange pipes are divided into a pre-heating pipe and a heat transfer pipe, and the heat transfer pipe passes through in the heat transfer sheets; the starting end of the pre-heating pipe is connected with a tap water pipeline outside the water tank, and the tail end of the pre-heating pipe is connected with the heat transfer pipe; the tail end of the heat transfer pipe is a hot water outlet of the water tank; and the cross section of the heat transfer pipe is an ellipse. Because the cross section of the heat transfer pipe of the utility model is the ellipse, under the condition of the same cross section area, the perimeter of the ellipse is longer than the perimeter of a circle in the prior art, so that the heat exchange area is improved, that is to say, under the conditions of the same flow rate and the same outlet water temperature, heat exchange efficiency of the water tank of the utility model is higher than that of the prior art, and gas and energy can be saved more.


We generalize the Ahlfors-Bers theory to the adelic Riemann sphere. In particular, after defining the appropriate notion of a Beltrami differential in the solenoidal context, we give a sufficient condition on it such that the corresponding Beltrami equation has a quasiconformal homeomorphism solution; i.e. The Ahlfors-Bers Theorem in the solenoidal case. This additional condition on the solenoidal Beltrami differentials can be written as a Banach norm in a subspace of solenoidal differentials. Moreover, this subspace is the completion under this norm of those solenoidal differentials locally constant at the fiber. As a toy example, we show how this technique works on a linear problem: We generalize the diophantine equation complex analytic extension problem to the respective solenoidal space.


We present an analysis of dispersionless flux dropouts in solar energetic particles (SEPs) associated with impulsive solar flares observed by ACE/ULEIS and Wind/STEP. These flux dropouts are thought to be caused by an observer encountering magnetic field lines that are populated with particles or unpopulated, depending on their connection to the source. Since ACE and Wind typically have spatial separations less than or of order a correlation scale of the turbulent component of the interplanetary magnetic field (Lc ∼ 106 km), they are ideal for studying the effects of the turbulent magnetic field on impulsive SEP events, especially those that exhibit intensity dropouts. By examining the timing of the dropout events seen by each spacecraft and accounting for the convection of frozen-in magnetic fields by the solar wind, we have found that both spacecraft generally see the same event features when they are separated by less than Lc and different features when they are separated by more than Lc. This is consistent with the propagation of impulsive SEPs along random walking magnetic lines of force. We find that dropouts occur in approximately half of the impulsive SEP events in our sample, indicating that this is a fairly common phenomenon. Moreover, we find that there is not a clear correspondence between the timing of these events and changes in the local interplanetary magnetic field more often than random coincidence. This supports the idea that intensity dropouts are mostly caused by field line mixing rather than by localized magnetic structures.


To develop bioflocculant for wastewater treatment, about 60 type culture strains and 450 strains isolated from natural sources were examined for screening their ability to flocculate the swine wastewater. Among them, YWO-5 showed the highest activity for NTU removal efficiency and was identified as Bacillus megaterium according to the cultural, morphological and physiological properties. The maximum production of the flocculant was achieved in culture medium containing 2% glucose, 0.05% soytone, 0.01% , 0.05% , and 0.05% yeast extract with initial pH 6.5 when cultured with rotary shaker controlled at 20 and 150 rpm. With jar fermentor, the maximum production was reached to NTU removal efficiency of 93% after 3 days under the optimal conditions. The bioflocculant produced by Bacillus megaterium YWO-5 was effective on various suspended solids and organic wastewaters.


The VBA macros are only used in the workbook for the probabilistic sensitivity analysis and do not need to be enabled unless the user wishes to conduct a new probabilistic sensitivity analysis.


Crude oil is one of the basic needs required for humans to ease their life. The quality of crude oil with the lowest wax content is very important, in order to sustain the transportation and production of crude oil from offshore to onshore. Based on literature from previous studies, the appearance of wax depends on the temperature which is called Wax Appearance Temperature (WAT). Hence, there is a need to propose a new method to classify the waxy crude oil at a different temperature. The main purpose of this paper is to classify Malaysian waxy crude oil odor profile at different temperatures using intelligent classification technique. There are 28,000 data measurement of the waxy crude oil that was taken using an electronic nose (E-nose). The data readings have been normalized and analyzed using a statistical method. Then, the odor profiles were classified using K-Nearest Neighbour. The classification performance shows that the technique was able to classify the Malaysian waxy crude oil odor profile at different temperatures with 100% accuracy.


Reliable substation inspection robot is a necessary means to ensure the healthy operation of power equipment. The huge scale of domestic power grid and the stock of power transmission and transformation equipment, as well as the investment in automation and intelligent equipment for smart grid construction, will drive the procurement and application of a large number of robots and ensure the high-quality and stable operation of robots. The traditional inspection of substation and substation room mainly carries out simple qualitative inspection of substation equipment through manual methods and detection instruments. This method has many defects, such as high labor intensity, poor inspection quality and many subjective factors. In recent years, with the development of information technology and the popularization and use of crisis monitoring technology in substation and substation room, intelligent inspection robot system is gradually becoming unmanned because of its flexible control / operation mode and not affected by weather factors. By studying the inspection technology of substation inspection machine, the existing standard system is added with the technical requirements of robot automatic wireless charging function, multi parameter sensing system, manipulator fault handling ability, network communication and security, so as to further improve the use value. Guide robot manufacturers to develop more intelligent and convenient products, guide robot manufacturers to update technology and promote the upgrading of robot products. It can also support the third-party inspection and certification organization to carry out the inspection of substation inspection robot based on relevant research results. Improve the overall technical level of national robot network access inspection, arrival sampling inspection and type certification, ensure the quality of robot products, and promote the continuous improvement of product quality and after-sales service level of robot suppliers.


The application of nanosecond discharges towards nanomaterials synthesis at atmospheric pressure is explored in this perspective article. First, various plasma sources are evaluated in terms of the energy used to include one atom into the nanomaterial, which is shown to depend strongly on the electron temperature. Because of their high average electron temperature, nanosecond discharges could be used to achieve nanofabrication at a lower energy cost, and therefore with better efficiency, than with other plasma sources at atmospheric pressure. Transient spark discharges and nanosecond repetitively pulsed (NRP) discharges are suggested as particularly useful examples of nanosecond discharges generated at high repetition frequency. Nanosecond discharges also generate fast heating and cooling rates that could be exploited to produce metastable nanomaterials.


Personal computers (PCs) and many other household appliances employ multi-port switched-mode power supply (SMPS). However, several problems have been encountered with conventional SMPS which typically includes degraded power factor (PF), sluggish dynamic response, and high source current harmonics. This will potentially lead to power quality (PQ) issues. In order to confront these issues, this article proposes a modified magnetic energy recovery switch (MERS), which is employed at the front end of the conventional SMPS for power factor correction (PFC) while alleviating the PQ issues. In the present work, a detailed designing of magnetics including an inductor, capacitors, and transformers are thoroughly discussed. Simulation is conducted in MATLAB/Simulink environment for both conventional and proposed PFC SMPS. Further, a laboratory prototype is developed, and results are recorded, which are found to be in line with the simulation performance. Moreover, the performance of the proposed topology is investigated under different source voltage and loading condition. A comparison between conventional SMPS and proposed one intensely brings out the advantages of the proposed modified MERS based PFC approach in multi-port SMPS application.


Aiming at the deformation characteristic and technological requirements of 'non-disassembly repair 'of Yingxian Timber Pagoda,the interior 'jacking-tensioning'reset method for deformed timber frame was proposed,and three construction schemes including successive reset,one-off overall reset and exceeding target reset were designed.The scaled model experiment based on the serious deformed column circle story of the timber pagoda was implemented to understand the influence of vertical load on the story restoration,the change rule between the story restoration and reset force of jacking-tensioning device,as well as the spring-back performance of the story after the restoration. The test results show that the friction between the mortise-tenon joints and the traction function between timber components are important influence factors to the story restoration. The bigger reset force is needed for the story restoration under bigger vertical load but the spring-back of the story is smaller after the reset force is unloaded. Under the same vertical load,the damage of the story under the successive reset is small,and the spring-back is small after the reset force is unloaded.


The Soviet Space Food and Nutrition programs are compared with those of the U.S. The Soviets established the first Space Food programs in 1961, when one of the Soviet Cosmonauts experienced eating in zero gravity. This study indicates that some major differences exist between the two space food and nutrition programs regarding dietary habits. The major differences are in recommended nutrient intake and dietary patterns between the cosmonauts and astronauts. The intake of protein, carbohydrates and fats are significantly higher in cosmonaut diets compared to astronauts. Certain mineral elements such as phosphorus, sodium and iron are also significantly higher in the cosmonauts' diets. Cosmonauts also experience intake of certain unconventional food and plant extracts to resist stress and increase stamina.


Toddlers tend to have approach objects that may be dangerous to them at home because of their natural curiosity. When families are sleeping or doing housework, unpredictable injuries may be happening. Horrible, irreversible accidents may occur in less than no time. Not only for this reason but also with the technological evolution, systems related digital parenting have gained importance. Smart technology is adopted by modern parents to provide their children safety. Considering all these situations, the need to design a toddler tracking system for helping the parents has emerged. In this article, a toddler tracking system using Deep Neural Network has been proposed. The proposed system is based on face recognition and object tracking algorithms and created using pre-trained neural networks. The system is based on recognizing the toddlers' faces and following all toddler's movements in the house. When the toddler is getting close dangerous places, tools, furniture, etc, the system alerts the user with the warning system. The proposed system is tested by using the toddlers' data which is collected before and 80.7% test accuracy has been obtained. The experimental result showed that the proposed method has achieved sufficient performance to be compared with state-of-the-art studies.


In drawing from a recent qualitative grounded theory study which explored attitudes towards, and readings of, depictions of human sexual relationships found in online video material – including sexually explicit material – among 16- and 17-year-old students, this research note explores the encounters of the researcher with three tiers of gatekeeping and their influences on the methodology, design and execution of the research.


This study aims to develop the manufacturing method of micro-structured parts by the metal powder injection molding (MIM) inserted micro-sacrificial plastic molds which were prepared by nano-imprint lithography (NIL) technique. In this process named NIL/μ-SPiMIM, the feedstock composed of nano-sized copper powder and polyacetal-based binder was adequately prepared and molded into polymethylmethacrylate films with fine line-scan structures, and the molded parts were sintered in a reductive gas atmosphere followed by solvent debinding of the films. The behavior in debinding and sintering was investigated by thermo-gravimetric analysis, carbon and oxygen analysis and SEM observation. The effects of sintering temperature on sintered density, shrinkage, and profile accuracy were evaluated systematically. It can be concluded that the manufacturing method named NIL/μ-SPiMIM proposed in this study has great potential to produce precisely 3 dimensional complex metallic parts with fine micro-structures.


For many applications, TiO2 must have a unique surface structure responsible for its desirable physicochemical properties. Therefore the fast and easy methods of TiO2 surface characterization are of great interest. Heated TiO2 samples and dye-modified TiO2 samples were analyzed by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. In the negative ion mode, two types of ions were detected, namely (TiO2)n− and (TiO2)nOH−. It has been established that the samples can be differentiated based on the relative ion abundances, especially with respect to the free hydroxyl group population. It indicates that laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry has the potential for the investigation of the surface properties of various TiO2 materials.


In this thesis, a novel approach is proposed for multi-speaker tracking by integrating audio and visual data in a particle filtering (PF) framework. This approach is further improved for adaptive estimation of two critical parameters of the PF, namely, the number of particles and noise variance, based on tracking error and the area occupied by the particles in the image. Here, it is assumed that the number of speakers is known and constant during the tracking. To relax this assumption, the random finite set (RFS) theory is used due to its ability in dealing with the problem of tracking a variable number of speakers. However, the computational complexity increases exponentially with the number of speakers, so probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter, which is first order approximation of the RFS, is applied with sequential Monte Carlo (SMC), namely particle filter, implementation since the computational complexity increases linearly with the number of speakers. The SMC-PHD filter in visual tracking uses three types of particles (i.e. surviving, spawned and born particles) to model the state of the speakers and to estimate the number of speakers. We propose to use audio data in the distribution of these particles to improve the visual SMC-PHD filter in terms of estimation accuracy and computational efficiency. The tracking accuracy of the proposed algorithm is further improved by using a modified mean-shift algorithm, and the extra computational complexity introduced by mean-shift is controlled with a sparse sampling technique. For quantitative evaluation, both audio and video sequences are required together with the calibration information of the cameras and microphone arrays (circular arrays). To this end, the AV16.3 dataset is used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods in a variety of scenarios such as occlusion and rapid movements of the speakers.


The operating performances of DI diesel engine were investigated using atmospheric pressure simulation equipment. In addition,the effect of the revolved speed,the ambient pressure and the modified shell parts on the surface radiated noise was investigated using acoustic pressure level measurement.The results showed that,the torque and the output power of the DI diesel engine increased with the increase in the ambient pressure;And the surface radiated noise increased with the increase in the rotational speed.In addition,the modified parts of the oil sump tank and rocker arm cover were favorable to reducing the noise level.


In this paper,, the impact of transmission network on market strategies is investigated. Three market strategies, which include dynamic shadow pricing, Nash-Cournot, dynamic shadow pricing together with Nash-Cournot, are investigated. Perfect competition is also included in the simulations and is served as a comparison model. I use a simplified three-bus network to illustrate how market strategies are influenced by the network constraints. In this paper, the market participants refer to the independent power producers (IPPs). Three market strategies plus perfect competition and three different load positions are included in the simulations. The results show that IPPs will change market strategies according to the change of transmission limits. Also, with different load position, IPPs will have intentions to adopt different strategies to maximize their profits. The results prove that IPPs could obtain significant profits through their strategic behaviors


This article examines the arguments in support of maintaining a divergence in duty of care law between the articulated negligence standard of conduct and the gross negligence standard of review, with particular emphasis on their application to the corporate fiduciary duty of care context. The author provides a detailed discussion of the arguments presented by Meir Dan-Cohen, while also focusing on articles by Richard Singer, David Phillips, and Melvin Eisenberg. After assessing the existing scholarship justifying divergent standards in the context of corporate law, the author concludes that a single, clearly articulated standard which both defines the scope of permissible conduct for each different context in which duty of care issues arise and guides judicial application of that standard is preferable to the current conflation of legal standards.


This paper mainly introduces the transplantation ofμCOS-II to ATmega128and the development.We disˉcuss how to build the API function,and establish real-time operation system.We transplantμCOS-II operation sysˉtem into the portable instrument.The instrument runs steady and possesses the significant features such as the low power,small volume,good real-time and portability.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy of transarterial embolization (TAE) for intraperitoneal hemorrhage due to spontaneous rupture in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODS
Fourty-two patients with ruptured HCC were divided into 4 groups according to the type of their previous treatment: Group A-TAE followed by elective hepatectomy 15, Group B- TAE alone 11, Group C-emergency operation 6 and group D-medical conservative management 10.

RESULTS
Celiac arteriography done before the present treatment showed extravasation of contrast material in 7 (26.9%) of the 26 patients in group A and B, and hypervascular tumor was observed in the rest. The hemostasis success rate of group A, B and C were 100%, which were much higher than that of group D (40%) (P < 0.05). The in-hospital mortality rates of group A, B and C were 0, 3.8% and 16.7% (P > 0.05), which were much lower than that of group D (80%) (P < 0.01). The 1-year survival rate of group A (76.3%) was higher than those in groups B (47.5%) and C (43.7%) (P < 0.05). There was no 1-year survivor in group D.

CONCLUSION
Transarterial embolization is safe and effective for hemorrhage due to spontaneous rupture in hepatocellular carcinoma. For resectable lesions, TAE is a preferential treatment to be given first, then followed by elective hepatectomy.


Recently, I was queuing in a large department store in a nearby city when I noticed that a sizeable crowd of people had gathered in a circle just beyond the checkout. When I craned my neck to see what had caused this amount of interest I was met with the sight of a father sitting on a chair bottle feeding his young baby. The crowd, mostly older women, were smiling admiringly and making enquiries as to the age of the infant, whilst I was struck by how invisible this activity would have been if it had been a mother sitting on the chair bottle feeding her infant: it would hardly have registered as people went about their shopping. But then fathers seem to be everywhere at the moment in the UK – in the press, in political party pledges, in policies and in public places and spaces – as visible displays of doing fathering become more common place and everyday. Ideas of more emotionally expressive men have become associated with ideals of involved, caring fatherhood as conjured up in media images of fathers such as David Beckham and Brad Pitt. Yet ideas and practices around fathering, just like mothering, have always been subject to change, and research has illuminated its diverse historical, cultural and social dimensions. But continuities, too, can be traced. For example, whilst we will see that the fathering expectations and practices of the men in this book are different to those of their own fathers, paid work remains a significant factor in all the men's lives and this is shared across the generations. The contemporary Western context in which fathering is experienced and fatherhood understood is, then, one of change and continuities and optimism. The optimism springs from the concurrence and overlapping of a number of shifts in societal structures and features, which appear to herald, and make possible, new opportunities for men's engagement in fathering practices in the UK. This book is written as a companion text to an earlier work on motherhood, Making Sense of Motherhood: A Narrative Approach (Miller, 2005), and in response to a question regularly asked in relation to


Fault-tolerant real-time systems for emerging critical applications like wearable electronic healthcare monitors, consumer-grade unmanned aerial vehicles, or environmental monitoring have to tolerate errors during operation. If they fail, the consequences are dire. But often their budgets for error mitigation capabilities are low, which requires to limit mitigation capabilities to the most critical functions of a system. Still, less critical functions of a system should operate as long as possible, but current state-of-the-art scheduling approaches either ignore them or suffer from low acceptance rates. Our fully static and verification friendly mixed-criticality approach guarantees mentioned systems that the most critical system functions are always available, and maximizes the time where less critical system functions are operational: We prove that our approach is feasible, and extends the system operation time while providing full service by a factor of 1.93 with a probability of 0.92. With 1.56 higher acceptance rates compared to similar state-of-the-art approaches, the integration of functionalities of different criticality in one fault-tolerant system succeeds more and more often, which especially benefits emerging critical applications with limited budgets for error mitigation.


Lenslet array systems are different from conventional, single aperture systems in that many, possibly somewhat dissimilar, apertures, each containing its own lens, are used. This may add some (mostly conceptual) complexity, but it allows for a great dea] of added flexibility. The availability of many independent optical channels offers many opportunities for optical information processing. One important possible class of applications for these systems are smart sensors -combining image acquisition with preliminary processing for maand efficient


Propose for the first time "Teaching Method of Zero Level and Progressive",describe the basic ideal,character,implementing process,theoretical basis and problems to be dealt with.


Molecular linkage maps provide a powerful tool for the analysis of plant genome structure and function, and it is im-portant to determine the effect of ecological environment on soybean genetic map construction. Two soybean recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations named "JN(RN)P7" and "NJ(RN)P7" were tested in this study, which were derived from Peking × 7605 at Jinan and Nanjing, respectively. One hundred and forty-five SSR markers and one morphologic marker (BSC) which had poly-morphism between parents were screened out to construct two genetic linkage maps using JoinMap 4.0 software. And we obtained two soybean genetic maps, which contained 27 and 25 of the linkage groups, respectively. The total length of two genetic maps was 1 574.80 and 1 682.50 cM, and the average distance between markers was 13.58 and 15.72 cM, respectively. The length of linkage group varied from 17.30 to 127.40 cM for JN(RN)P7, and from 20.10 to 137.50 cM for NJ(RN)P7. Both genetic maps were homologous with the public genetic map. The two maps constructed in this study were mostly coincident with each other, while certain differences were observed too, which indicated that there were some genetic structure differences between the two populations caused by the selection effect in various environments.


Summary

The concentration of potato leafroll luteovirus (PLRV) did not differ in potato plants with secondary infections grown at 15°C or 27°C. Detached leaves of plants grown at 15°C or 27°C were used as sources of PLRV for peach-potato aphids (Myzus persicae Sulz.) both at 15°C and 27°C. At comparable temperature during virus acquisition, aphids which fed on leaves of plants kept previously at 15°C contained more viral antigen detected by ELISA than aphids which fed on leaves of plants grown at 27°C. The aphids which acquired PLRV at 27°C contained evidently more viral antigen than those which acquired PLRV at 15°C. The greatest amount of PLRV was found in the aphids which acquired the virus at 27°C from the leaves of plants kept at 15°C. The ability of M. persicae to transmit PLRV to Physalis ftoridana Rydb. generally decreased with decrease in the amount of PLRV in vectors.


Molecular marker linked to a stripe resistance gene( ) is used for the Abstract: Stvb-i selection of rice stripe-resistant individuals in the rice-breeding program at Aichi Agricultural Research Center. Generally, many of molecular markers are developed on the basis of PCR technique. PCR needs an expensive machinery such as thermal cycler and special chemical materials such as Taq polymerase. We tried to improve the marker assisted selection of rice stripe resistance to be cheaper and more simple by using Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) instead of PCR technique. The extraction method of template DNA suitable for LAMP reaction was also examined. A simple selection method for rice-breeding was newly developed.


Essay structure for compare and contrast St Paul tower of london case study write creative writing on accounting please make dissertation results on social security numbers now. Essay structure for compare and contrast Montreal techniques to use when writing to argue Columbus, Vaudreuil-Dorion, Borders, essay questions for english class Solihull essay structure for compare and contrast looking for someone to write thesis on video games online, looking for someone to type my thesis on criminology for me Alexandria great fire of london worksheets ks1, Burlington need someone to type my thesis proposal on voting for 10 Norfolk how can i write an essay Essay structure for compare and contrast Milton Keynes edit my dissertation on holiday abroad due tomorrow.


"Civil Engineering Drawing" is a technical course of civil engineering professional compulsory. In this paper, the actual social and practical needs work, teaching models and drawings for the current situation, made a number of comments and suggestions of Civil Engineering Drawing teaching reform.


Species profiles are literature summaries of the taxonomy, morphology, range, life history, and environmental requirements of coastal aquatic species. They are designed to assist in environmental impact assessments. Olympia oysters initially spawn as males then alternate their functional genders. Spawning begins at 13-16 {degree}C and occurs from spring to fall. After a short planktonic stage, larvae attach to the substrate. Olympia oysters thrive at salinities of 25 ppt or above; they are killed by freezing temperatures. Olympia oysters once supported large sustenance and commercial fisheries. Olympia oysters have not returned to pre-exploitation population levels which declined because of pollution and loss of habitat. 32 refs., 2 figs.


One day a huge rock fell from a mountain. The rock stopped in the middle of the road in a village. It was like a bigball. Some of the strongest men in the village tried to move therock. But no matter how hard they tried, they couldn't move it away. They tried to push it, they tried to roll(滚动) it and they tried topull it with rope, but nothing worked.


This article adopts Halliday's transitivity mold to analyze pippa's song from the aspect of ideational meta-function in order to reveal how the author expressed his intended meaning using images.After analysis,we can clear know the way how the poet express the thematic and aesthetic of the poem.


Meiosis is the conversion point of life cycles sexually reproducing organisms as recombination provides immediate sources of genetic variation,thus contributing to the evolution of an organism.To date,many genes have been shown to be involved in meiotic recombination machinery.Given the high degree of conservation of recombination proteins among species,reverse genetic approach has proven to be very powerful for characterization of the functions of plant recombinational proteins.This review is focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying the important events occurring during meiosis in Arabidopsis,including DNA double strand break formation and repair.


Taking ethics and economics as foothold,the article discusses the relationship between market economy and morality,and the original economic model of moral principles need to be adjusted and gives new meaning to the moral of market economy.The new moral of market economy,suites to the market economy which is at different stages of development,adapts to the new economic developments in ethics,improves with the development of the market economy.Market economy must foster a new morality suiting to its development stage.


Test of the wind speed of the same height(1m) but in different distance of the pear orchard and shelter forest in the downstream of Tarim river with anemometer was carried out,test of the sand calculation was observed with iron-stick method and the shape of the sand,contrasting the slow wind effectiveness and the prevent sand effectiveness in different stand were analyzed.The results showed that the shelter forest performed the highest efficiency in slowing down the wind on the opposite side of wind in the range 1H to 20H,reaching 41.11%,and in the windward side of 1H to 7H,pear orchard shows the highest efficiency,reaching 76.74%.There is different distribution of sand shape between the pear orchard and the shelter forest,the pear orchard shows more efficient in preventing the sand than the shelter forest.The sand preventing peak appears in the edge of the shelterbelt and the shelter forest prevents more sand in area than pear orchard.The shielding effectiveness is relative to the average height of the shelter forest.The higher the canopy diameter is,the higher of the height of the branch is.The greater the prevention range is,the poorer the prevention wind is.The bigger the canopy diameter is,the better the efficiency of preventing wind is.The efficiency in preventing sand has a positive correlation with the efficiency in slowing the wind.


Abstract This article examines the Dutch 'Orientalist' romance that inspired the creation of a system of private schools for aristocratic Javanese girls in early twentieth-century Indonesia. By inventing and exalting a pattern of reciprocity that presumably characterized feudalism in both a European or Asian setting – noblesse oblige – Dutch progressives expected that the education of aristocratic daughters would naturally 'trickle down' to poor women in village communities. In the process, upper-class girls were incorporated into a social taxonomy that mirrored Western sensibilities about status and gracious manners, while peasant women and Eurasian girls, who lived on the other side of the colonial divide, were inscribed with 'otherness '.


The Brown County Water Improvement District No. 1 (BCWID) owns and operates an integrated water treatment plant that consists of a 7.5 MGD conventional and 9.0 MGD membrane plant. Through the lens of BCWID's experience, the unique advantages and challenges associated with an integrated water treatment plant are:  Flexibility of integrating the plant piping and hydraulics to function in a separate parallel conventional/membrane mode or conventional as pre‐treatment,  Flexibility in having common components such as raw water terminal storage, clearwells, high service pumping, and chlorine and ammonia feed facilities,  Cross‐training plant staff in both conventional and membrane operations and maintenance,  Integration of regulatory reporting. In addition, an evaluation of membrane pretreatment to improve flux rates was conducted.


Background: Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) is the most common type of malnutrition. PCM leads to immunodeficiency and consequent increased susceptibility to infectious agents. In addition, responses to prophylactic vaccines depend on nutritional status. This study aims to evaluate the ability of undernourished mice to mount an immune response to a genetic vaccine (pVAXhsp65) against tuberculosis, containing the gene coding for the heat shock protein 65 from mycobacteria. Methods: Young adult female BALB/c mice were fed ad libitum or with 80% of the amount of food consumed by a normal diet group. We initially characterized a mice model of dietary restriction by determining body and spleen weights, hematological parameters and histopathological changes in lymphoid organs. The ability of splenic cells to produce IFN-gamma and IL-4 upon in vitro stimulation with LPS or S. aureus and the serum titer of specific IgG1 and IgG2a anti-hsp65 antibodies after intramuscular immunization with pVAXhsp65 was then tested. Results: Dietary restriction significantly decreased body and spleen weights and also the total lymphocyte count in blood. This restriction also determined a striking atrophy in lymphoid organs as spleen, thymus and lymphoid tissue associated with the small intestine. Specific antibodies were not detected in mice submitted to dietary restriction whereas the well nourished animals produced significant levels of both, IgG1 and IgG2a anti-hsp65. Conclusion: 20% restriction in food intake deeply compromised humoral immunity induced by a genetic vaccine, alerting, therefore, for the relevance of the nutritional condition in vaccination programs based on these kinds of constructs. Published: 16 July 2009 Genetic Vaccines and Therapy 2009, 7:11 doi:10.1186/1479-0556-7-11 Received: 5 May 2009 Accepted: 16 July 2009 This article is available from: http://www.gvt-journal.com/content/7/1/11 © 2009 Ishikawa et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


This paper describes the Notre Dame Study of Catholic Parish Life (CPL) and its constituent surveys of parishes, pastors, parishioners, volunteer leaders, and staff. We discuss various rationales for the contextual design used in the study and the multi-method techniques of data collection the CPL employed. Sample characteristics are described and procedures for detecting nonresponse biases are presented. The study illustrates some problems associated with contextual designs in surveys of members of denominations, but emphasizes the strength of such designs for understanding the relationship between the individual and the religious community of which she is a part. The Notre Dame Study of Catholic Parish Life (CPL) was designed to examine many topics about Catholic parishioners and their parishes (for a summary, see Gremillion and Leege) roughly 20 years after the conclusion of the Second Vatican Council. This emphasis on the parish was purposeful and reflected the assumption that any "church," in its American manifestation, is at one and the same time a social community, a basis for personal identity, and an ecclesiastical structure. It also accords with arguments (see Bellah, Madsen, Sullivan, Swidler, and Tipton; Glock and Stark, 151-68; Greeley, Durkin, Shea, Tracy, and McCready, 7, 14, and especially 254; and Huckfeldt) against philosophical notions that isolate the individual from collective memory, and against a "methodological individualism" that measures beliefs and opinions as though they existed outside a social context. In Durkeimian terms, the parish often represents a 'moral community' which structures the lives of its members, formally and informally, through the norms each parish evolves (Stark, Doyle, and Kent). To study Catholics in their parish contexts required a two-phase research design and the perspectives of several academic disciplines. This paper describes the design and assesses some of its strength and limitations. Phase I of the CPL focused primarily on parish organizational characteristics; Phase II provided a more balanced perspective on parishes as communities of actors involved in religious and social activities. By contrast, much previous research has treated the attitudes, beliefs and behavior patterns of parishioners and/ or pastors as separate and relatively isolated phenomena. In some case studies, parish structures have been examined in a single parish or a few parishes (e.g., Clarke; Donovan; Fichter; Grichting; Schuyler; Young and Hughes). The CPL, however, empirically investigated all of these areas, together with liturgical practices and historical developments, in a systematic "multi-level" framework (see van den Eeden and Huttner for a description of "multi-level" research) for a variety of parishes.


Five kinds of energy dissipation formulations due to wave breaking are incorporated into a spectral wave model through parameterizations by two methods. The spectral wave model is based on the wave action balance equation with diffraction effects. The laboratory data from an experimental study of random waves shoaling and breaking on steady ebb currents at an idealized inlet are used to evaluate the performance of spectral wave breaking formulations in the wave and current coexisting field. Model to data comparisons show the bore-based formulation of Battjes and Janssen with a breaker height of 0.73 times the water depth produces the best fit in the applications studied herein.


Objective: To analyze the relationship between CEOs' use of LinkedIn to disclose corporate information and the practice of earnings management. Method: A survey was conducted with Brazilian companies integrating the IBrX100. Ordinary Least Squares regressions were performed, and the analysis period corresponded to the length of CEOs' working in the company. Results: The findings showed a positive relationship between the CEOs' use of LinkedIn and the practice of earnings management through accruals. However, this relationship was not identified for earnings management through real activities. The sensitivity test indicated that CEOs' use of LinkedIn is positively related to AEM practices – both to increase and to reduce the profits of the companies addressed here. Contributions: This study identifies that social media can mask management practices to reduce the quality of accounting information, corroborating the opacity hypothesis. This hypothesis predicts that reputable and more powerful CEOs are negatively associated with earnings quality. In addition, it contributes by showing that the corporate use of social media can go beyond the disclosure of information to affect the quality of accounting information.


Objective: Establish HPLC method to determinate of lipoic acid injection and the related substances. Methods: The column used octadecyl silane bonded silica as a filler, particle size 5 μm, column size: 150.0 mm×4.6 mm, stainless steel column. Mobile phase was acetonitrile and 0.005 mol/L phosphate potassium solution (v:v=50:50, pH 3.0 with phosphoric acid), flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, injection volume was 20 μl, the detection wavelength was 212 nm. Results: The linear range of detection of concentration of lipoic acid was 0.81~8.10 μg (r=0.999); the average recovery was 99.17% (RSD=0.40%); Conclusion: This method is simple and accurate, can be used for the determination of related substances of lipoic acid injection.


The Chaplyghin's systems play an important role in engineering. There exist some methods for establishing these systems. Lt is necessary to pay attention to the Chaplyghin's equations which are written by means of the Lagrangian function in independent variables. By this, the mentioned equations are a closed set of second order differential equations. The application of the Lagrangian function for writing equations of motion is an advantageous point of the Chaplyghin's method. However, the algorithm of establishing these equations is complicated enough, especially for the large systems.


A series of 1‐substituted dinitropyrroles was tested for trichomonacidal activity. The shorter the substituent the greater was the in vitro activity. No relationship was found between in vivo activity and substituent length. A comparison of the trichomonacidal activities of 1‐[(2,4‐dinitropyrryl)‐ethyl]‐2‐methyl‐5‐nitroimidazole (ORF‐2245) and 1‐(2‐hydroxymethyl)‐2‐methyl‐5‐nitroimidazole (8823 R.P.) was made. ORF‐2245 exhibited activity equal to or greater than 8823 R.P. except in the treatment of established infections where its limited activity was attributed to poor absorption from the gut. Absorption, however, was apparently sufficient to combat or prevent the low‐grade infections.


We developed a selective and sensitive LC-MS method wich is optimised for the simultaneous detection of multiple opiates. The following commonly encountered opiates were included: morphine, 6-acetyl-morphine, codeine and dihydrocodeine. We evaluated thirty-three different conditions in order to achieve the best signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and the maximal intensities of parent and fragment ions. The final method was then validated using standards extracted from whole blood to determine its performance characteristics.


The use of structural composites for crashworthy applications has been investigated for foam-cored sandwich panels with integral GRP tubes and frusta. The panels were tested under both quasi-static flatwise and edgewise compression and evaluated in terms of their energy absorption properties and failure mechanisms. Under flatwise compression, panels with inserts which failed by stable progressive brittle fracture exhibited the best specific energy absorptions and compared favourably with the performance of aluminium honeycomb sandwich panels. Under edgewise compression, panels with inserts which prevented separation of the face plates offered the most predictable and repeatable performance. 'Present address : Hexcel Composites Ltd, Duxford, Cambridge CB2 4QD, UK Transactions on the Built Environment vol 32, © 1998 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 170 Structures Under Shock and Impact


Whole-rock and mineral 0180 analyses were obtained on granites, gneisses, migmatites, and a variety of metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic rocks from the Schwarzwald massif, focusing on Variscan-age (270-360 Ma) igneous, metamorphic, and hydrothermal events. The data display some remarkable geographical and temporal systematics; the extremely 180-depleted samples (0180 < +3) occur only in the southern Schwarzwald, confined to a 3-6 km wide, 50 km long, EW zone of down-dropped Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous sediments and volcanics sandwiched between older, high-grade gneisses on the north and south. This belt of rocks, the BadenweilerLenzkirch (B-L) tectonic line, was intruded all along its length by the 1-2 km wide Rand Granite pluton, which also exhibits extremely low 0180 values. The data imply that a very large meteorichydrothermal system was established here within a rift-zone setting, in Late Visean time (",,340 Ma). This date is fixed by paleontological evidence indicating that the B-L zone sediments changed from marine to terrestrial at this time, because the meteoric-hydrothermal event documented by the 180/ 160 data obviously could not have occurred while marine sedimentation was taking place. The aD values of biotite, hornblende, and chlorite in 31 migmatite, schist, and gneiss samples from the B-L zone range from -60 to -III, but the most 180-depleted of these samples (0180< +4) all have aD < -90. Assuming that these rocks were altered by hydrothermal fluids that originally had 0180 and oD on the Meteoric Water Line, we calculate that the ground waters in this area had 0180 "" -6 to -9 and oD "" -40 to -65 at that time, compatible with geological data suggesting a low latitude and sub-tropical climate. Previous geological models of the B-L zone emphasize collisional tectonics and conclude that it is a thrust-zone; however, such models are not compatible with the 180/160 data. Our preferred model invokes formation of a dilatant zone along a major strike-slip fault at about 340 Ma. This pull-apart was intruded by the Rand Granite, which acted as the main "heat engine" that drove this large convective system. As the hydrothermal activity weakened, the B-L zone continued to deform, and the solidified pluton was stretched out and strongly attenuated. The hydrothermal episode and the strike-slip deformation both terminated prior to intrusion of some large, post-tectonic, two-mica granite plutons (which truncated the B-L zone and Rand Granite at about 300-315 Ma); these late plutons are not hydrothermally altered or 180 depleted. This work suggests that in complex geological terranes stable isotope data may be one of the best ways to identify fossil synplutonic rifts or pull-aparts associated with major strike-slip faults.


THAT TYPE 2 DIABETES REMISSION MAY BE INDUCED BY BARiatric surgery in patients with grade 2 (body mass index [BMI] 35) and grade 3 (BMI 40) obesity soon after operation and preceding weight loss has stimulated new ideas regarding diabetes treatment. Some investigators have proposed surgical intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes with grade 1 obesity (BMI 30), with some even proposing bariatric surgery as the primary treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes and BMI as low as 27. The term metabolic surgery is commonly used to describe this class of surgical procedures because they primarily modify a patient's physiology for the better as opposed to simply correcting or removing an anatomic defect. Extending surgical treatment to these categories of patients has substantial implications for the health care system. In 2012, data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) indicated that 69.2% of the US population had a BMI of 25 or higher, 35.9% had a BMI of 30 or higher, 15.5% had a BMI of 35 or higher; and 6.3% had a BMI of 40 or higher. Approximately 20% of the US adult population has a BMI ranging from 30 to 35, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in this population is approximately 20%. Thus, approximately 4% of the US population has a BMI ranging from 30 to 35 and diabetes. Any proposal to treat this large number of patients surgically must be carefully evaluated. In this issue of JAMA, 2 reports directly address this proposed intervention. Ikramuddin and colleagues conducted a multinational, multicenter randomized controlled trial of 120 patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and BMIs ranging from 30 to 39.9. All of the patients of this trial underwent lifestyle modification and intensive medical management for their obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia using the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes trial) protocol. Standardized Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was added to patients randomized to the intervention group. The primary end point assessed at 1 year was the triple end point recommended by the American Diabetes Association for diabetes treatment: hemoglobin A1c lower than 7%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lower than 100 mg/dL, and systolic blood pressure lower than 130 mm Hg. Secondary end points included assessement of the number of medications required to achieve this end point and weight loss. At 12 months, the composite end point was achieved in 28 patients (49%) in the gastric bypass group (95% CI, 36%-63%) and in 11 patients (19%) in the lifestyle-medical management group (95% CI, 10%32%). The largest effect was on diabetes with control of dyslipidemia and hypertension being similar between the 2 groups. Three fewer medications were required to achieve control of glycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension in the surgical group compared with the lifestyle-medical management group. In addition, weight loss was greater in the surgical group (26.1% of baseline body weight) than in the lifestyle-medical management group (loss of 7.9% of baseline body weight). However, the favorable metabolic outcome following gastric bypass surgery was offset in part by a higher complication rate in the surgical group. One of the 60 surgical patients experienced multiple perioperative complications that led to anoxic brain injury, which presumably will be permanent. Other reported surgical complications during the 1-year follow-up included nutritional deficiencies, symptoms of hypoglycemia, anastomotic stricture, bleeding, bowel obstruction, and other complications. Although the induction of remission of type 2 diabetes is regarded as a positive event in the health of an individual patient or a population of patients, several issues remain unresolved. First, the overall health benefit should be considered. The frequencyandseverityof complications reportedby Ikramuddin et al is problematic. The devastating complication of anoxicbrain injury inasinglepatientamongatotalof60patients' operationsperformedbyanexperiencedsurgeondemonstrates that, although these events are rare in large series of bariatric operations, severecomplicationsoccur.Forexample, theLongitudinalAssessmentofBariatricSurgery(LABS)Consortium reported a combined end point of complications of 4.3% but a mortality rate of 0.2% among 4776 participants with a mean BMIof46.5followingRoux-en-Ygastricbypassor laparoscopic gastric banding. The LABS trial did not investigate its effect on patientswithBMIs lower than35.Avery large serieswill be required to determine the perioperative safety of gastric bypass in the population of patients with BMIs lower than 35. Second, itwillbe important toestablish the long-termsafety andtheprevalenceandseverityof long-termcomplications. Intensive medical management of type 2 diabetes is not without adverse effects and as recently reported may not be without harm.Hypoglycemiaandnutritionaldeficienciescannotbeassumed to be limited to 1 year of follow-up after bariatric operations. Other potential complications include marginal ulcer, intestinal obstruction, kidney stones, and fractures. Such complicationsmayprovetobemoreproblematicover timeand


Most of the students who set out to earn degrees in community colleges never do. Interventions that simplify the complex organizational structures of these schools are promising solutions to this problem. This article is the first to provide rigorous evidence of the effects of structured transfer programs, one such intervention. Leveraging the phased rollout of transfer programs in California, I find large effects of the policy on degrees earned in treated departments. In the first 2 years, this growth was not coupled with growth in total degrees granted or in transfers, but in the third year, there is evidence of increased transfer. The analyses also show that the policy could affect equity; departments that offer transfer degrees became more popular and there is suggestive evidence that the highest achieving student groups enrolled in these classes at higher rates.


Abstract Unalloyed and low alloyed steels undergo predictable uniform corrosion and are potential candidates for high level nuclear waste disposal containers. In this study, low alloyed silicon steel (< 5 wt-%Si) has been tested in a silicate containing corrosive solution at 90 ° C in order to establish whether the addition of silicon to iron would improve the resistance of the surface film to corrosion in an argillaceous (i.e. clayey) soil. Electrochemical tests were conducted for short term immersion of the steel coupons and showed that the addition of silicate to the corrosive solution decreased the corrosion rate, whereas the addition of silicon to the steel increased the critical passivation current peak. A comparison with an unalloyed carbon steel showed that the latter material was more easily passivated than the Si alloyed steel. Weight loss tests were used to study the long term behaviour of the steels in the corrosive medium at 90° C. The inhibiting effect of sodium silicate was significantly increased after some hours of immersion, and the Si alloyed steel was more easily protected than the carbon steel. The surface film consisted of sheet silicate. The influence of the silicate concentration was discussed and correlated to the nature of the dissolved species: silicic acid and/or colloidal particles.


Introduction: On the Intersections of Archives and History PART I: ARCHIVES, HISTORY, AND THE OPENING OF THE ARCHIVAL DIVIDE Chapter 1 - Authoritative History and Authoritative Archives Chapter 2 - The Turn Away from Historical Authority in the Archives Chapter 3 - Archival Authorities and New Technologies Chapter 4 - The Turn Away from Archival Authority in History Chapter 5 - Archival Essentialism and the Archival Divide PART II: PROCESSING THE PAST Chapter 6 - The Social Memory Problem Chapter 7 - Contested Archives, Contested Sources Chapter 8 - The Archivist as Activist in the Production of (Historical) Knowledge Chapter 9 - Rethinking Archival Politics: Trust, Truth, and the Law Chapter 10 - Archives and the Cyberinfrastructure Chapter 11 - Can Archives and History Reconnect: Bridging the Archival Divide Index


In this paper we study how to distinguish two embeddings of a finite collection of disjoint circles into the plane up to planar isotopy. We adopt the spirit of the approach by V. Turaev, Operator Invariants of Tangles, Math. USSR-Izv. 35 (1990), 411--444, by considering a category of planar tangles and representing it in an ``algebraic'' category. From this we can extract a numerical invariant for embeddings of a finite collection of disjoint circles and this invariant is, up to certain choices, complete.


A c. 1000-word abstract in English is already published at pp. 301-2 in the same volume of Hikuin. This is included as a pdf on the relevant CD.


The work presented in this manuscript is an attempt to summarise the efforts that involve to create a new palladium(II)-based oxamato chemistry.
Twenty-nine novel examples of mono- and dinuclear palladium(II) complexes have been prepared in this PhD Thesis by rational design. This series of compounds allowed us:
(i) to illustrate the advantage of the building blocks for the bottom up approach in metallosupramolecular chemistry;
(ii) to provide noteworthy catalysts for carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions with remarkable catalytic properties,
(iii) to produce complexes for molecular recognition to trap the elusive [Pd(H2O)4]2+ species;
(iv) to get suitable candidates to study photochemical activities
(v) and to have new water soluble anionic complexes with cytotoxicity activity.


Indications – Cementation of inlays, onlays, crowns and bridges fabricated of metal. It is used in those cases, where adequate mechanical retention is present. – All-ceramic crowns and bridges made of high-strength ceramics [e.g. lithium disilicate glass-ceramics (LS2), oxide ceramics] – Metal root canal posts and indirect metal post-and-core complexes – Orthodontic bands – Ready-made steel crowns


Vasopressin‐activated calcium‐mobilizing (VACM‐1) receptor, a cul‐5 gene product, has been shown to inhibit cellular growth in the T47D breast cancer cell line through a mechanism that involves MAPK phosphorylation and regulation of estrogen receptor (ERα) concentration. As a cul5 gene product, VACM‐1 protein is involved in ubiquitin ligase dependent protein degradation, but factors that regulate its expression and degradation have not been identified. In our search to identify factors/drugs that control VACM‐1 expression, we studied the effects of resveratrol (3,5,4′‐trihydroxy‐trans‐stilbene) which inhibits cellular functions associated with tumor initiation, promotion, and progression by a mechanism that involves inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation, ERα activation and cell cycle arrest. In our study, control and VACM‐1 cDNA transfected T47D breast cancer cells were treated with reservatol and cell growth and VACM‐1 levels were measured. Our data demonstrate that the dose and time dependent effect of resveratol on cellular proliferation is significantly enhanced in cells transfected with VACM‐1 cDNA. Further, our results indicate that expression of VACM‐1 protein is induced by resveratrol. Consequently, these results indicate that the antiproliferative effect of VACM‐1 can be further enhanced by resveratol. This work was supported by a grant from NCI (R15CA104014) and by Dept of Biology.


Rotor-dynamical systems made of 3D-fiber-reinforced composites which are subjected to dynamical loads exhibit an increased fiber bending stiffness in numerical simulations. We propose a numerical modeling approach of fiber-reinforced composites that treats this behaviour accurately. Our model uses a multi-field mixed finite element formulation based on a dynamic variational approach, as demonstrated in [1], to perform long-term dynamic simulations that yield numerical solutions with increased accuracy in efficient CPU-time.We extend a Cauchy continuum with higher-order gradients of the deformation mapping as an independent field in the functional formulation, as suggested in [2], to model the bending stiffness of fibers accurately. This extended continuum also takes into account the higher-order energy contributions including the fiber curvature along with popular proven approaches that avoid the numerical locking effect of the fibers efficiently.We apply the proposed approach on Cook's cantilever beam with a hyperelastic, transversely isotropic, polyconvex material behavior in a transient dynamic analysis. The beam is subjected to bending loads with a strong dependence of the overall stiffness on the fiber orientation. The spatial and temporal convergence as well as the conservation properties are analyzed. It is observed that the model needs an improved numerical treatment to conserve total momenta as well as total energy.REFERENCES M. Groß and J. Dietzsch, "Variational-based locking-free energy–momentum schemes of higher-order for thermo-viscoelastic fiber-reinforced continua", Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, (2019), 631-671, 343. T. Asmanoglo and A. Menzel, "A multi-field finite element approach for the modelling of fibre-reinforced composites with fibre-bending stiffness", Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, (2017), 1037-1067, 317.


n this article, we investigate the feasibility of noncoherent detectionschemes in wireless communication systems as a low-complexity alterna-tivetothefamilyofcoherentschemes.Thenoncoherentschemesrequirenochannelknowledgeatthereceiverforthedetectionofthereceivedsignal,whilethecoherentschemesrequirechannelinherentlycomplexestimation,whichimpliesthatpilotsymbols have to be transmitted resulting in a wastage of the available bandwidth as well as thetransmissionpower.Webeginwithanoverviewofdifferentiallyencodedmodulationfollowedbydifferentiallyencodedmultiple-inputmultiple-output(MIMO)schemes.Wecontinuebypresentingthe concept of double-differential schemes, which provide a good performance in the presence ofcarrier offset while dispensing with channel estimation. Additionally, we investigate the applica-tion of both single- and double-differential schemes in the context of cooperative communica-tions. Explicitly, the differential schemes perform within a 3-dB margin from their coherentcounterpartthatisusingperfectchannelknowledgeatthereceiver.However,whenthechan-nelestimateatthereceiverisinaccurateorunreliable,differentiallydetectedschemesarecapableofprovidingabetterperformancethantheircoherentcounterpart.


The Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is an important subtropical evergreen fruit crop belonging to family Sapindaceae which includes Longan and Rambutan. It is believed to have originated near Southern China and Northern Vietnam. Worldwide, commercial litchi production is centered largely in the Northern hemisphere, with growing areas including China, Thailand, Taiwan, India, USA and Israel (Menzel, 2001). India is the second largest producer of litchi next to China, with annual production of 580.08 thousand metric tonnes from an area of about 82.74 thousand hectares and its productivity is 7 MT/ha. In India, it is mainly cultivated in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Tripura, West Bengal, Uttarakhand, Assam and Punjab. Bihar is the leading state in litchi production with an annual production of 256.43 thousand metric tonne. Bihar covers largest area under litchi covering 31.28 thousand hectares. Litchi comprises 1.2% and 0.7% of the total area and production under fruit crops (Annomymous, NHB, 2013). Pericarp of the fruit loses its bright red peel colour, which turns brown within 24-28h after harvest (Zheng and Tian, 2006). The bright red colour of litchi fruit fades during storage, possibly as the result of an increase in the pH value of the cell sap. Pericarp browning loses its commercial value and has been considered the main postharvest problem worldwide (Kumar et al., 2011). Novel technology to control browning and decay and to improve quality is needed, with an emphasis on temperature management and nonchemical disease control (Lichter et al., 2000). So, keeping in view the standards laid down for the export of fresh litchi, an integrated system based on the comprehensive knowledge on pre and post harvest handling, packaging, transport and storage for each of the cultivar of litchi is essential, in order to prolong the shelf life and maintain fruit quality. It was, thus, hypothesized that by administering appropriate post harvest treatments, the quality and shelf life of litchi fruit could be enhanced by treatments and storage temperature that are best suited to it. This was believed to improve the shelf life of fruit by retaining the red pericarp colour, reduction of microbial spoilage and reduce rate of weight loss. Therefore, keeping the above point of view in mind, a study entitled "Effect of Post Harvest Treatments on PhysicoChemical Characteristics and Shelf Life of Litchi Fruit (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. Rose Scented" was undertaken, with the following objectives: To study the effect of different post harvest treatments on physico-chemical characteristics and shelf life of litchi fruits at different storage periods. To identify the best treatment to enhance shelf life and quality of litchi fruits.


Providing IP QoS at telecom-level is the key technolog y for multi-s ervice networks.The advancement of res earch on IP QoS s tandards by main international s tandardiz ation org aniz a-tions s uch as IETF,Internet2,ETSI,ITU-T is pres ented and the current s tatus of res earch on IP QoS in China is analyz ed.The development trend of IP QoS technolog y is pros pected.


The cultural theorist Jon Stratton is a key inspiration in this account of the original British Glam Rock phenomenon and a sample of its global scions since the 1970s. Subsequent to Stratton's (1986) call for further critical work on this popular music formation, Stuart Hall (1992), in an unconnected piece, speculated on what the future of Cultural Studies, Stratton's disciplinary home, might look like. Hall's concern, analogous in some ways to Pierre Bourdieu's in the context of the contemporaneous French intellectual field, was predicated on a suspicion of what he read, particularly in terms of the North American interpretation of Cultural Studies, as a troubling shift towards theoreticism, the uncoupling of theory from practice in the pursuit of the institutionalisation of (sub)fields of scholarly enquiry, to adopt Bourdieu's spatial metaphor. Hall's plea was to embrace the 'danger' of the paradoxes arising from securing status (publish! career!), thus risking institutionally determined compromise, and maintaining a marginality that afforded greater autonomy – especially in terms of political agency beyond the academy – but necessarily meant forgoing a meaningful resource base, essential for agitating for social change.
Popular Music Studies, in one of its intellectual trajectories a disciplinary subfield of Cultural Studies, is now well established and the authors of the 19 essays that form this collection can be forgiven the temptation to see in writing about Glam a way of securing its place within the legitimated subfield, with its attendant experts and gatekeepers, ripe for future revisiting. It also affords the opportunity to retreat into scholasticism, an unreflexive writing-for-writing's-sake disposition in which one doesn't move beyond reproducing one's own habitus, or second-nature worldview.
The challenge the editors presumably set themselves at the moment of the book's genesis, then, was what usefully might be said about Glam and its subsequent mutations, 45 years after its original British discursive formation. Further, at least I would argue, how might such insights honour Hall's insistence that what makes popular culture, and by extension popular music, worth critiquing is the exposing of complex power relations played out in concrete settings: recognising the distinction between 'understanding the politics of intellectual work and substituting intellectual work for politics' (p. 286), as he put it.?
In Chapman and Johnson's introductory remarks, the case is indeed made for Glam's importance: the vitality of its historical variants, understood in context, meant something profound to those performing and consuming it (p. 2; my emphasis). The editors approach this challenge by framing Glam historically and geographically, with the book divided into three parts: 'Britain from the Early 1970s'; 'Europe and North America'; and 'Global Perspectives'.


Background and Objectives: Self‐treatment for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) is common, but little studied, in Thailand, and its influence on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is unknown. Goals: To assess STD self‐treatment and self‐prophylaxis behaviors as well as HIV risks and serostatus among northern Thai men. Study Design: Cross‐sectional report from a cohort of military conscripts (N = 869). HIV and STD seroprevalence and reported risk behaviors, including STD history and antibiotic self‐treatment, were obtained. Associations between STDs and self‐treatment or prophylaxis and HIV infection were analyzed using t‐tests, odds ratios, and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence rate for HIV was 12.3%, and for syphilis it was 2.2%. Men who were seropositive for HIV were more likely to report having sex with commercial sex workers (OR 9.1), to have had an STD (OR 5.96), and to report inconsistent condom use with commercial sex workers (OR 3.13). Of 282 men reporting any STD, 65.2% treated themselves with antibiotics, and 8.5% used them before commercial sex. Among those who frequented commercial sex workers, 98.7% took preventive steps after sex by increasing urine output (69.2%), washing the genital area (28.9%), and using antibiotics (0.9%). Men reporting STD self‐treatment were less likely to be HIV infected (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.31, 0.93). Conclusions: These men are attempting to prevent HIV and STDs. Self‐treatment with antibiotics may lower HIV risks associated with bacterial STD in a high‐prevalence population.


Introduce the importance of embedded laboratory in university.Describe in detail all aspects of embedded laboratory management,including computer management,server management,embedded test boxes and other equipment management,the development of management system.


A calculation is reported of the reduction in the degree of linear polarization of a beam on increase in the length of a waveguide with a parabolic refractive-index profile when the propagation in this waveguide is accompanied by a Rytov rotation of the plane of polarization. It is shown that the degree of circular polarization remains constant.


http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0001-2092(14)00397-4 © AORN, Inc, 2014 SSI PREVENTION Continued on C8 T he focus on surgical site infection (SSI) prevention has never been more important given current trends in health care, including the ongoing shift from inpatient to outpatient ORs, non-reimbursement for health care associated-infections, and mandated public reporting of infection rates in some states. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and Surgical Unit-based Safety Program have added important visibility and support to efforts already underway to achieve zero infection rates.1 However, a sustained zero infection rate remains an elusive goal. Whether a surgical procedure is performed in an inpatient or outpatient OR or a physician's office, basic infection prevention practices should be consistently implemented.2


There has been a concentrated effort throughout the international microelectronics industry to phase out chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) materials and alleviate the serious problem of ozone depletion created by the release of CFCs. The development of more environmentally compatible manufacturing technologies is the cornerstone of this effort. Alternative materials and processes for cleaning and soldering have received special attention. Electronic soldering typically utilizes rosin-based fluxes to promote solder wettability. Flux residues must be removed. from the soldered parts when high product reliability is essential. Halogenated or CFC solvents have been the principle chemicals used to clean the residues. With the accelerated push to eliminate CFCs in the U.S. by 1995, CFC-free solvents, aqueous-based cleaning, water soluble or ''no clean'' fluxes, and fluxless soldering technologies are being developed and quickly integrated into manufacturing practice. Sandia's Center for Solder Science and Technology has been characterizing a variety of fluxless and alternative soldering technologies for DOE'S waste minimization program. The work has focused on controlled atmosphere, laser, and ultrasonic fluxless soldering, protective metallic and organic coatings, and fluxes which have water soluble or low solids-based chemistries. With the increasing concern that Pb will also be banned from elecmnic soldering, Sandia has been characterizing the wetting, aging, and mechanical properties of Pb-free solder alloys. The progress of these integrated studies will be discussed. Their impact on environmentally compatible manufacturing will be emphasized. Since there is no universal solution to the various environmental, safety, and health issues which currently face industry, the proposed technologies offer several complementary materials and processing options from which one can choose. -


MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 18-25 nucleotides long and are responsible for many biological phenomena such as differentiation and cell induction. In particular, it has been reported that a relationship exists between abnormal expression of some miRNAs and the initiation or development of a disease. There are several methods to detect the expression of miRNAs. Among them, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) has been widely used because of its high sensitivity and ability to quantify miRNAs. Furthermore, stem-loop RT-qPCR is widely used for specific detection and efficient quantification of mature miRNAs. We examined miRNA detection based on a stem-loop RT-qPCR method using Universal ProbeLibrary (UPL, Roche Molecular Systems Inc, Pleasanton, CA) probes. We designed primers using the MiRNA Primer Design Tool software to include the UPL probes #6, #20, #21, #64, and #82 for miR-21 and miR-200c. We used six cell lines and total RNA was isolated, including miRNAs, from each cell type. RT reactions were performed using a pulsed RT method that included the stem-loop RT primer. Moreover, we calculated the amplification efficiency based on Cq values using RT products from different concentrations of RNA, and demonstrated the validity of our method. These assays were performed using the LightCycler 96 (Roche) and the hydrolysis probe format. We obtained good results for #82 and #6 (miR-21 and miR-200c, respectively). Amplification efficiency was from 88.6% to 108.5% using less than 10 ng RNA in the RT reactions. The UPL probe method has several advantages including simplicity, flexibility, and cost effectiveness because the primers are designed with efficiency and specificity. Moreover, this technology enables the use of a wide variety of miRNA species. We analyzed the peritoneal


The increasing significance of concurrency and the need to address the challenges presented by concurrency motivate its formalization. In this paper, a methodology for modeling and verifying communications in a concurrent system developed in Erasmus, a process-oriented programming language, is proposed. The innovative aspects of this methodology include the use of category theory to model and verify properties of communications in Erasmus, and the use of data flow to analyze and abstract an implementation of Erasmus. The methodology is illustrated by a simple example.


Objective To explore the usual treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(PSVT)in basic hospital. Methods Retrospective analysis was done in 28 patients with PSVT from 1998 to 2003. Results 28 cases with PSVT were all transformed into sinus rhythm.5 cases applied physical methods,23 cases applied drugs. The mean time of cardioversion was 30 minutes, 1 case occurred heart arrest, 5 cases occurred transient sinoatrical bradycardia. Conclusion In basic hospital the first method to stop PSVT is to stimulate vagus nerve, the initial drug of PSVT is propafenone. In the meantime, we should strengthen cardial care and cope with the accidents in time.


The magnetorheological (MR) damping material is a kind of smart shock absorption material, and it can be made into MR dampers for reducing the vibration or dynamic response of structures. During the vibration mitigation control of structures with MR dampers, the displacement and acceleration responses are always concerned firstly because the displacement responses determine the safety of structures and at the same time the acceleration responses determine the comfort level of the human body staying in structures. That means, the control currents choice of MR dampers during vibration process is a multi-objective optimization control problem. In this paper, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is developed to control the displacement and acceleration responses simultaneously. Numerical analysis for a five-floor structure with one MR damper installed on each floor is carried out. Simulation results of the PSO control structure are compared with those of passive control (including the On-control and the OFF-control) structures and the uncontrolled structure. Analysis results demonstrate that the PSO algorithm can reduce the displacement responses of the structure obviously, at the same time, it can reduce the acceleration responses of the structure to a certain extent. Furthermore, the PSO algorithm reduces seismic responses of structures more effectively than those of passive control structures.