Heavy-ion testing was performed recently on 256 Mb STT-MRAMs as a function of fluence and LET for Ne, Ar, Kr, and Au heavy ions. Zero hard-errors were observed in STT-MRAM (Spin-Torque-Transfer Magneto-resistive Random Access Memory) bits in this first-known heavy-ion testing of STT-MRAMs that are based on second-generation MRAM technology. Results from this STT-MRAM heavy-ion testing are compared to heavy-ion test results from Honeywell toggle-bit MRAMs that are based on first-generation MRAM technology. Based on this testing, the changes in the Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) between first-generation and second-generation MRAM technology were not observed to degrade heavy-ion characteristics; and heavy-ion performance potentially may have been improved.


Encrypted databases are an effective method to realize database security. The data encryption prevents intruders from stealing or tampering with crucial information. A design scheme for a network encrypted database is developed using the principles of database encryption and the request for secure data transmission in an open network, using Microsoft's ODBC (open database connectivity). The scheme makes changes in existing database systems and introduces the mechanisms of database encryption and secret key management. It also implements authentication and encrypted data transmission by adding a secure proxy to normal database accessing flow.


Mixture consisting of the following and (A) (B) (total 100 parts by weight): (A) 10 to 90 parts by weight of at least one graft copolymer having polyamide blocks [this copolymer have a at least 1.3 amino polyamide graft chains on average grafted to the main chain and the main chain of the polyolefin and has a structure of nanometer structure, the polyamide graft chains are attached to the main chain via a residue of an unsaturated monomer having an polyamide chemically reactive functional group of the amino terminus (X), the non residues grafted or unsaturated monomer (X), affixed to the main chain by copolymerization of a double bond, a polyolefin this component (a) is not at least one of the graft, the component (a) in the proportions organization of the nanometer structure is to avoid lost may include], (B) unsaturated double bond to have and crosslinking or vulcanizing agents and chemical reaction can At least 90 to 10 parts by weight of one elastomer formulation [The elastomeric compounds and systems for vulcanizing or crosslinking the elastomer, and at least one plasticizer, and additives which are commonly used in elastomer formulations including]


A general application model of web-based collaborative simulative experiment system is presented by introduction of collaborative learning strategy into web-based simulative experiment system. System analyses and designs are made by adopting object-oriented method. The UML static and dynamic models are also presented. With distilling experiment setup of chemical engineering as application objective and based on dynamic simulative experiment model, a primary collaborative simulative experiment system is implemented including a web-based database of material properties.


BitTorrent-like networks have attracted many Internet peers to cooperatively download media files of large sizes. Yet some selfish peers intentionally constrain their upload bandwidth, exhibiting the free-riding behavior. In response, cipherblock exchange protocols among participating peers have been proposed. The resultant cipherblocks induce big latency with respect to the availability of original blocks of media files. This paper presents a verifiable re-encryption scheme in BitTorrent-like cipherblock exchange protocols. This scheme encrypts bit strings via only bitwise combination operations. As a result, numbers of zero and one bits in the original bit string are unchanged in the resultant bit string, which allows verification checks done by the receiving peers. When re-encrypting the resultant bit string again with combination operations only, the numbers of zero and one bits are still unchanged. Such feature can be leveraged to improve the availability of cipherblocks in cipherblock exchange protocols, and would upgrade download performance, especially for newly arriving peers.


The decomposition of peracetic acid solution and the effects of additives on peracetic acid bleaching process are studied. In the presence of different additives, the whiteness, fabric tensile strength and degree of polymerization after bleaching with peracetic acid are analyzed.


A novel Pd reagent prepared from equimolar Pd(OAc) 2 , DPPP, and Bu 3 P (method B) was useful for the internal biaryl coupling reaction of not only triflate-amide but also halo-amide.


This work analyses Roberto Fazzi's life. Firstly, it outlines his scientific and professional background, from which emerges his complex and meticulous personality as a Professor seriously involved in research and whose opus is based on the constant and continuous effort of balancing theory and practice. Therefore, this article begins emphasising his doctrinal studies, which have Zappa and Schumpeter as the main reference points, until the work of his maturity "Il governo d'impresa", in which his main achievements can be found. In particular, it has to be recognised his scientific worth of having specifically defined the theme of corporate governance by considering management as a subject able to promote within the firm a real equilibrium between the strengths of change and those of continuity. Fazzi's firm is located within a dynamic environment, in deep and constant evolution where the entrepreneurial function represents the centre of his meditation for managing complexity and risk. For this reason, governance body should design and configure "firm ways" for driving and managing corporate processes. Finally, the work tries to emphasise the salient features of his personality, through the view of his bright scholar, Professor Carlo Vallini, who describes a severe and scrupulous man, very vigorous and charismatic in the interpersonal relationships, but with a spirit extremely sensitive to human problems.


The article raises the issue of entrepreneurship. It presents the essence of the issue and its conditions, emphasizing especially the role of education. The paper quoted the study carried out among students of management and economics of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Further analysis of the results allowed the evaluation of the students' knowledge of entrepreneurship and their subjective assessment of its usefulness in starting their own company. Moreover, the respondents highlighted the key motives and barriers they perceive when establishing business.


Elimination agent of plasmid is the material that can eliminate the off-spring bacterial's plasmid by inhibiting its copy or reproduction,and deprive of the connected drug resistance.Ever since the conception of plasmid elimination was mentioned,more and more researches have been carried out and acquired some advancement.In order to approache an effective method of reversing drug resistance,this article summarized the character of Escherichia coli 's plasmid,methods and principles of plasmid elimination.


Recreational vehicles: They're big and small, elegant and basic. Great for camping trips or quick weekend getaways. But for a growing number of people, including healthcare travelers, RVs are simply home.


Abstract In order to encourage and develop technological and social innovations, it is relevant to create and support businesses that foster such innovations. Additionally, sustainable development requires business transformation to complement several social, economic, or ecological problems. Social entrepreneurship as a type of business focuses on solving social, cultural, or environmental problems and creating effective responses to such challenges. By providing new working places, offering creative solutions to everyday problems, and highlighting the importance of social solidarity, social entrepreneurship contributes to sustainable development goals. In these conditions, the impact of digitalization is unavoidable: it relates technologies, consumers, and business strategies and stimulates necessary changes. This research emphasizes the use of digital technologies and applying the principles of digital culture by social business to foster technological innovations and contribute to the realization of sustainable development goals. The examples from the Russian social entrepreneurship applying digital innovations illustrate this idea.


The National Arts Council[1] has made an evaluation on obstacles and success factors for the interaction between culture and school. In the evaluation report they concluded that teachers and cultur ...


This article examines the social, political and cultural self-representations among students at the University of Zimbabwe, paying particular attention to the management of these representations and some of the significant social and political events engineered by and affecting students. These representations are important as a means of understanding the discourses of control between students of diverse gender, class and cultural backgrounds on campus. These representations are constantly being manipulated, contested and reworked in order to gain legitimacy in debates and discourses pertaining to student politics. IT IS IMPORTANT to understand the historical background to some of the present student struggles and initiatives. Gelfand (1978) and Cheater (1991) have written about the state's relationship with the university in the preand post-Independence eras, respectively. This article focuses rather on the relationships between students of different class and gender and students' relationship with the state as reflected in their political interactions with it, pointing out some of the tensions and frictions that have arisen in the process of reconciling internal student politics with their interactions with the state at various times since 1980. The following account is based on my experiences as a student at the University from 1976 to 1978, as a sub-warden of one of the female residences from 1979 to 1980, and as a lecturer since 1983.


In this appendix we analyze the trading game induced by the baseline model. Specifically, throughout this appendix p1, p2 and q play the role of parameters: MMn is informed with probability pn, and the speculator is informed with probability q. A strategy of MMn comprises cumulative distribution functions σn, σn and σn specifying respectively the distribution of the bid price bn of MMnU, MMnL and MMnH. We assume in line with the baseline model that, conditional on MMnU, 1 − an is distributed like bn. Similarly, we assume that the law of 1 − an conditional on MMnL (resp. MMnH) is the same as the law of bn conditional on MMnH (resp. MMnL). A strategy of the speculator specifies her market order as a function of the information she possesses at that point. The following notation will be used throughout:


NADP+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+-Gdh) is the first step in ammonia assimilation pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the knowledge of its regulation is the key for many biotechnological purposes such as single cell protein production. The regulation of NADP+-Gdh activity in Kluyveromyces marxianus cells was evaluated under different ammonia supply in batch cultivations. The results showed that K. marxianus NADP+-Gdh activity is induced over a narrow range of extracellular ammonia supply, being repressed by both high ammonia concentration and the glutamate formed. This activity is not growth-associated and may function mainly to trace low amounts of ammonia after growth cessation. The results demonstrated that NADP+-Gdh may not be the main enzyme for ammonia assimilation in K. marxianus, as it has been postulated for K. lactis, instead is subjected to the same regulatory mechanism described for S. cerevisiae.


The present investigation was carried out at vegetable research farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan during Kharif 2011 to investigate the effect on  seed yield and its attributes in bell pepper cv Solan Bharpur as influenced by planting time and spacing. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design factorial comprising of 24 treatment combinations of different planting time viz P1 (4 April),  P2 (11 April), P3 (18 April), P4 (25 April), P5 (02 May), P6 (09 May), P7 (16 May) and P8 (23 May) and spacing viz S1 (60 x 45 cm), S2 (45 x 45 cm) and S3 (45 x 30 cm). The results of the experiment showed that maturity, quality, seed yield and its components significantly varied with variation of planting time and spacing. Among all the treatment combinations P7 x S1 (16 May, 60 x 45 cm) was found the best for days to maturity for fully ripe fruits whereas P2 x S1 (11 April, 60 x 45 cm) revealed the best results for number of seeds and weight per fruit (g), seed recovery (%), seed yield per plant (g), fruit rot incidence (%), seed germination (%), seed vigor index I and II and 1000-seed weight (g). In overall P2 x S3 (11 April 11,  45 x 30 cm) resulted in the highest seed yield per plot (kg) and per ha (q).


Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines 8ra produces a bacteriocin called glycinecinA, which specifically inhibits the growth of bacteria belonging to Xanthomonas species. GlycinecinA was produced by culturing Escherichia coli DH5 containing biosynthetic genes for glycinecinA, and was tested for its control effect against X. vesicatoria on red pepper and X. oryzae pv. oryzae on rice. The bacteriocin activity was much higher in the cell extract than in the supernatant. It reached a maximum level at the stationary phase, ws maintained up to 2 months at room temperature and approximately 10 months at . The optimum concentration of glycinecinA for the control in the greenhouse and in the field was 12,800 AU/ml. In this study, the activity of glycinecinA on rice and red pepper leaves continued for 7-8 days, during which the pathogen populations remained at low levels. Bacterial leaf spot of red pepper and bacterial leaf blight of rice were significantly reduced by the bacteriocin treatments. The control efficacy was as high as, or even higher than, the chemical treatment of copper hydroxide. These results suggest that the bacteriocin is a potential control agent for bacterial diseases.


There are various physiological functions in soybean protein peptides,such as antihypertensive,anticholesterol,antithrombotic,improving calcium and phosphate absorption,immune modulations.This paper generally summarize the potential application values of the soybean protein peptides in the food,medical and feed industry and the prospects of its application.


Objective : In this study, we aimed to evaluate the adequacy of the structure and processes of primary health care (PHC) in a midsize city in southern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the structure and processes of PHC. The structure was evaluated, based on the guidelines of the Ministry of Health, by interviewing 24 coordinators of Primary Healthcare Units (PHU); and the processes of care were assessed, based on PHC attributes measured by the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool-Brazil), by interviewing 98 professional doctors and nurses. Results: We observed inadequacies regarding the high number of inhabitants attended per health team, the low offer of medical consultations, low vocational training for PHC, and lack of systematic evaluation of actions. Likewise, the processes were considered satisfactory regarding some PHC attributes and unsatisfactory in relation to first-contact access (score: 3.6) and longitudinality (score: 6.0). Conclusion: The adequacy of the health system in Chapeco would imply increasing the number of medical consultations/year by 56 thousand, building two new PHUs, stimulating vocational training for PHC, and encouraging the systematic evaluation of actions.


We developed in this work the production of metallic nanotips with final diameter of the order of tens of nanometers, in order to implement Near-Field Optical Spectroscopy techniques. Initially we present how the amplification and confinement of an optical electric field occur near the apex region of a nanotip. Next we present the experimental methods used for the production of the nanotips. We finalize describing the nanostructuring technique applied in these metallic structuras, which makes use of Focused Ion Beam (FIB) equipment.


.....................................................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................iv LIST OF FIGURES..........................................................................................................viii LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................................xv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................1 Looking back............................................................................................................1 Research aims and questions.................................................................................5 Theoretical background..........................................................................................7 Thesis structure.....................................................................................................17 CHAPTER 2: SETTING THE SCENE..............................................................................19 Environment...........................................................................................................20 History.....................................................................................................................20 Pre-European: <1839.................................................................................21 Wakefield: 1839-December 1846...............................................................24 Garrison: December 1846-January 1870...................................................27 Recovery: January 1870-1882....................................................................31 Depression: 1882-1895...............................................................................34 Late Victorian/Edwardian: 1895-1914.....................................................36 CHAPTER 3: THE VICTORIA RETAIL CENTRE SITE..................................................38 Site context.............................................................................................................38 2010 excavation.....................................................................................................45 2012 monitoring....................................................................................................52 2014 monitoring....................................................................................................56 Site stratigraphy.....................................................................................................58 Artefact sampling strategies.................................................................................58 CHAPTER 4: BUILDING THE NARRATIVES................................................................61 1. Deposit selection........................................................................................62 2. Deposit dating.............................................................................................63


The successive ion layer deposition reaction (SILAR) technique has been applied to CdSe based systems to develop Type 1 heterostructures . In such structures, the CdSe core is covered by wider band gap semicondutors to improve the emission properties. Cores of different dimensions has been synthesised and two different shell structures have been addressed. The obtained particles have been characterised by TEM technique, while UV-Vis absorption and photoemission spectroscopy were used to characterise the optical properties of the particles in the colloidal solution. The obtained particles were also introduced in a ZrO2 sol-gel matrix to fabricate photoluminescent waveguides, which were characterised also by spectroscopic ellipsometry.


The aim of this series of papers on design for manufacture is to identify the current position in the development and exploitation of techniques and help point to the areas where further work is needed. In this general overview to the issue, the problems of designing for manufacture are introduced and the issues of training, methodical design procedures and computer integration are also touched on.


The present study examined the impact of the accessibility of justice-related concepts when assigning punishment. Across two experiments, participants first were paired with either a pro-social or anti-social target. Next, participants received either an ethics prime (Experiments 1 and 2) or a legality prime (Experiment 2) compared with a control prime (Experiments 1 and 2). Finally, participants reported their intentions to punish the target by taking money from him in an economic game (Experiment 1) or their behavioral intentions to punish the target (Experiment 2). We predicted and found that punishment assignment was greater for those participants who were paired with the anti-social target and activated the idea of justice-related concepts than for those who did not activate it.


Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate host cell activation by various microbial components. TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 are the receptors that have been associated with virus-induced immune response. We have previously reported that all these TLRs, except TLR9, are expressed at mRNA levels in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Here we have studied TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7/8 ligand-induced IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-28, and IL-29 expression in human macrophages. IFN-α pretreatment of macrophages was required for efficient TLR3 and TLR4 agonist-induced activation of IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-28, and IL-29 genes. TLR7/8 agonist weakly activated IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-28, and IL-29 genes, whereas TLR2 agonist was not able to activate these genes. IFN-α enhanced TLR responsiveness in macrophages by up-regulating the expression of TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7. IFN-α also enhanced the expression of TLR signaling molecules MyD88, TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β, IκB kinase-ε, receptor interacting protein 1, and IFN regulatory factor 7. Furthermore, the activation of transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 3 by TLR3 and TLR4 agonists was dependent on IFN-α pretreatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that IFN-α sensitizes cells to microbial recognition by up-regulating the expression of several TLRs as well as adapter molecules and kinases involved in TLR signaling.


In this paper, the stability and stabilization problems of a class of networked control systems (NCSs) with bounded packet dropout are investigated. An iterative approach is proposed to model NCSs with bounded packet dropout as Markovian jump linear systems (MJLSs). The transition probabilities of MJLSs are partly unknown due to the complexity of network. The system under consideration is more general, which covers the systems with completely known and completely unknown transition probabilities as two special cases. Moreover, both sensor-to-controller and controller-to-actuator packet dropouts are considered simultaneously. The sufficient conditions for stochastic stability and stabilization of the underlying systems are derived via linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) formulation. Lastly, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.


Alterations in excitability and ion channel malfunctions have been documented in various neuroinflammatory and degenerative disorders.1 Especially, potassium channels play a crucial role for neuronal function by maintaining the resting membrane potential, rapid repolarization after depolarization and buffering extracellular potassium.2 In this line, altered potassium conductance and channel dysfunction are connected to neuronal vulnerability and intrinsic excitability. Modulation of potassium channel function thus might be associated with a variety of functional consequences, but moreover direct or indirect neuroprotective properties.


Display the numbers in a place where the children can reach them so that they can trace the symbols with their fingers and touch-count the objects.


Solutions to linear stochastic and quantum stochastic equations are proved to provide the interaction representations for the solutions to certain Dirac type equations with boundary conditions in pseudo Fock spaces. The latter are presented as the semi-classical limit of an appropriately dressed unitary evolutions corresponding to a boundary-value problem for general Schr\"odinger equations. Mathematics Subject Classifications (1991). Primary $60\mathrm{H}10,81\mathrm{S}25,35\mathrm{Q}40$ . Key Words, stochastic equations, quantum stochastic equations, boundary value problems, pseudo Fock space, stochastic limit. 1Introduction We are going to show that the solutions to awide class of stochastic and quantum stochastic equations can be obtained from apositive (relativistic or non-relativistic) Hamiltonian with singular interaction as astrong limit of the input flow of quantum particles with asymptotically infinite momentum but aconstant velosity. Thus the problem of stochastic approximation is reduced to asort of quasiclassical asymptotics of aquantum mechanical boundary value problem in extra dimension. There exists abroad literature on the stochastic limit in quantum physics in which quantum stochastics is derived from anonsingular interaction (see monograph [1], and references therein). Here we follow adifferent approach recently outlined in [3]: instead of rescaling the interaction potentials we treat the singular interaction -potentials rigorously as the boundary conditions, and obtain the stochastic limit as an ultra-relativistic limit of aSchr\"odinger boundary value problem in aHilbert space of infinite number of particles 数理解析研究所講究録 1227巻 2001年 83-95 83


Newmark sliding block models are commonly used for seismic stability analysis of slopes. However, estimation of permanent displacements in conventional Newmark methods is based on a distinct and fixed slip surface which is usually located using a pseudostatic limit equilibrium analysis. By combining a finite element seismic analysis and dynamic programming, this paper first shows that critical slip surfaces within a slope greatly change their shapes and locations over a wide area with time during an earthquake. Then, a modified Newmark analysis is presented in order to consider the effect of variable critical slip surfaces on estimated seismic displacements of slopes. Results of analysis for a hypothetical slope and an actual slope failure caused by an earthquake indicate that the neglect of variation of critical slip surfaces during an earthquake may result in an improper sliding mass and as a result incorrect estimation of permanent displacements. It is also shown that permanent displacement may occur along a relatively wide slip band rather than a distinct slip surface.


Blood samples from 81 Spitsbergen reindeer together with reference samples from 11 continental Norwegian reindeer have been examined by different electrophoretic techniques with regard to the following genetic marker systems:

Red cells: Hb, PGM, 6-PGD, GPT, ESD, GLO, and AcP.

Serum: A1 and Tf.

In all markers except Tf (transferrin) Spitsbergen reindeer types showed the same electrophoretic patterns as did the continental Norwegian reindeer, i.e. they probably were homozygous for the alleles seen in the reference animals. In the Tf system, three different phenotypes were observed in the Spitsbergen group, designated TfG2, TfG2G3, and TfG3. The distribution of phenotypes fits well with one autosomal codominant Tf locus with two common alleles TfG2 and TfG3, neither of which has been seen in continental Norwegian reindeer.

It is concluded that the Tf phenotype distribution observed indicates a relatively large genetic distance between Spitsbergen and continental Norwegian reindeer.


The invention provides an in-vitro culture method for tender stem segments of dendrobium nobile. The in-vitro culture method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of: step 1, selecting newly-sprouted tender branches, peeling off leaves and sheaths, cleaning, disinfecting, washing by sterile water, and absorbing water by sterile filter paper; step 2, cutting the tender branches obtained in the step 1 into stem segments, and inducing axillary buds to germinate and grow; step 3, cutting off the buds obtained in the step 2, and inducing clustered buds to grow; step 4, cutting the clustered buds into single buds, inoculating the single buds on a third culture medium, and then performing rooting culture to obtain rooted test-tube seedlings; and step 5, transplanting the rooted test-tube seedlings in a moss matrix, placing in a plastic plug and then culturing into 'moss plug seedlings', watering enough after transplanting, starting to spraying clean water on leaf surfaces the next day, dressing nutrient solution after half month, transplanting in a flowerpot after more than three months of culture, and then culturing as potted flowers or plastic shed big seedlings. The seedlings of dendrobium nobile obtained by the culture method provided by the invention are fast in propagation speed and high in propagation rate.


We have prepared spinel Mn1.56Co0.96Ni0.48O4 (MCN) film thermistors on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates at room temperature through the photoreaction of nanoparticles by using KrF laser irradiation. The MCN nanoparticles and metal organic salt solution were crystallized directly on the organic substrates via the laser irradiation. The films were well densified and planarized at 55 mJ cm−2 for 600 pulses owing to the optimized photothermal heating effect, leading to liquid-phase sintering. This is the first report of the crystallization of MCN, which has a high crystallization temperature of 700–1200 °C, by room temperature processing on flexible substrates. We showed that the nanopores in the precursor are essential for achieving effective focal photothermal heating without damaging the organic substrate. The laser-irradiated MCN films showed negative temperature coefficient thermistor behavior with a very high B constant of 4429 K. The rapid temperature response of the MCN thermistors makes them promising candidates for temperature sensors.


The book under review, one of the most significant interdisciplinary studies to appear in recent times, is likely to be read at several levels for its many strengths and not just by those espousing the cause of women. The book makes a convincing case for women's empowerment through rights in land, the tenor of the arguments and flawless assemblage of empirical data contributing to its rigour. The deft handling of the subject will undoubtedly elevate the level of discourse in the field of women's studies. What remains implicit is that the work is an outstanding example of the impetus given to research and enquiry by issues and demands thrown up within the women's movement. The study fills a much-needed gap: the author herself rightly points to the relationship between women and property which has hitherto remained little theorised. Agarwal covers a wide spectrum, pitching her work somewhere in the zone between development studies which treat the household as the analytical unit to the neglect of the intra-household gender dimension, and the sociologica/anthropological literature wherein subordination is often linked to a society's given cultural values. She successfully challenges several assumptions common in development policy and economic theory, viz., gender-congruence of interests within the family; employment and income-generating schemes for improvement of women's status; and land distribution to women leading to fragmentation of cultivated holding and consequent reduction.in agricultural productivity. In exploring the ambiguities in public policy and law surrounding the question of women's rights to land, Agarwal also takes issue with proponents of the class vs gender approach and positions herself firmly in favour of the latter. This (partisan?) position leads Agarwal to emphasise the commonalities among women cutting across their derived class privileges/deprivations, thus blurring class identification. Vulnerability to violence, responsibility for housework and child care, gender inequalities in legal rights, risks arising from marital breakdown which may inflict destitution even on women from rich peasant households, etc., are cited as phenomena which cut across class lines. Thus the economic vulnerability of women is seen


Although rechargeable Mg ion batteries have recently received renewed interest as a promising alternative to Li ion batteries, the Mg metal used for anodes in state-of-the-art Mg ion batteries is not compatible with conventional battery electrolyte solvents. On the other hand, graphite electrode materials function well with common battery electrolyte solvents, but Mg intercalation into graphite is very difficult. In the case of two-dimensional (2D) carbon-based materials, pristine graphene, the most well-studied 2D material, is known to have no capacity for Li or Mg. Here we demonstrate the potential of defective 2D carbon-based structures to be used as high-capacity anode materials for Mg ion batteries. Adsorption of divalent Mg ions on defective graphene and graphene allotropes is predicted by first-principles density functional theory. Our results show enhanced Mg adsorption on both defective graphene and graphene allotropes. Moreover, we show that Mg storage capacity can be improved by increasing the ...


The utility of machine learning is rising, coming from a growing wealth of data and problems that are becoming harder to solve analytically. With these changes there is also the need for interpretable machine learning in order for users to understand how a machine learning algorithm comes to a speci c output. Bayesian Rule Lists, an interpretable machine learning algorithm, o ers an advanced accuracy to interpretabilty trade o when compared to other interpretable machine learning algorithms. Additionally, with the amount of data collected today, there is a lot of potentially sensitive data that we can learn from such as medical and criminal records. However, to do so, we must guarantee a degree of privacy on the dataset; di erential privacy has become the standard for this private data analysis. In this paper, we propose a di erentially private algorithm for Bayesian Rule Lists. We rst break down the original Bayesian Rule List algorithm into three main components: frequent itemset mining, rule list sampling, and point estimate computation. We then perform a literature review to understand these algorithms, and ways to privatize them. There after we computed the necessary sensitivities for all subroutines, and ran experiments on the resulting di erentially private algorithm to gauge utility. Results show that the proposed algorithm is able to output rule lists with good accuracy and decent interpretability.


In this paper, we study the sizes of quasar proximity zones with synthetic quasar absorption spectra obtained by postprocessing a Cosmic Reionization On Computers (CROC) simulation. CROC simulations have both relatively large box sizes and high spatial resolution, allowing us to resolve Lyman limit systems (LLSs), which are crucial for modeling the quasar absorption spectra. We find that before reionization, most quasar proximity zone sizes grow steadily for ∼10 Myr, while after reionization, they grow rapidly but only for ∼0.1 Myr. We also find a slow growth of R obs with decreasing turn-on redshift. In addition, we find that ∼1%–2% of old quasars (30 Myr old) display extremely small proximity zone sizes (<1 proper Mpc), the vast majority of which are due to the occurrence of a damped Lyα absorber (DLA) or an LLS along the line of sight. These DLAs and LLSs are contaminated with metal, which offers a way to distinguish them from the normal proximity zones of young quasars.


Though it has gone through about three phases in China, each one corresponds with character of times. As we all know, Say What You Want constructs a public talking space with an integral depiction configuration. Whereas Qiang Qiang Triangle Talk spreads itself broadly by means of a light-hearted mode. Especially, with the help of internet technology, Let The World Know You not only enlarges the participant range but also boosts the expressive force of talk to a new high. So, the orientation of talk show deserves more attention to the selection and excavation of topic. And, only by touching the cockles of the heart and satisfying the actual need of audience, can talk show present a lifeful appearance in the future.


The article examines the current state of profile education. Possible resources in education for further profile school development are shown. The need for re-considering of the approaches to teachers training on the basis of the new educational standards is stressed.


The ever increasing amount of data and the growing diversity in data types requires effective and efficient retrieval techniques. With the diversity in data types also a variety of techniques for measuring the (dis)si-milarity between the data objects arises. Metric access methods (MAMs) make no assumption about the data representation. MAMs only require the dissimilarity function to be a metric and thus support a flexible indexing paradigm. However, distance metrics can be expensive to compute. Thus, a main goal of MAMs is to reduce the number of distance computations. We replace the random initial pivot selection step of the approximating and eliminating search algorithm (AESA), a MAM capable to dramati-cally reduce the number of required distance computations. Our approach relies on the concept of the intrinsic dimension and comes with no additional cost during search. Besides showing that the performance of AESA can be improved, we also present a conceptually simple technique to measure the influence of intrinsic dimension definitions on search efficiency. This opens doors for the analysis of alternative intrinsic dimension definitions in future work.


This article consists on the implementation of a methodology for the Escherichia Coli (E. coli) detection in drinking water through alternative instrumental methods such as E-nose and E-tongue. For the making of each test, a group of bacteria samples was prepared, which consisted of individual E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella oxytoca colonies transferred to nutrient agar plates and suspended in sterile water. In order to validate the obtained results, the Membrane Filter Technique (MFT) was used and the measurement discrimination was made through PCA, reaching 99.4% of variance with the E-tongue. Similarly, a 97.6% variance was obtained for the bacteria discrimination with the E-nose. A Neural Network PNN was implemented only for the bacteria classification reaching 86% of accuracy, getting a very similar value in each one of the methods.


While the prevalent cloud storage platforms are offering convenient services in support of diverse data-driven applications for clients, various security concerns raise in terms of data confidentiality, availability, and retrievability. Among them, servers' dishonesty on the location-specific data backup becomes a serious concern when the data stands out clients' control, considering the strict regulations imposed by many governments and organizations on data storage location. This article studies location-aware data backup verification for the data stored in clouds and aims to design a secure framework, named as ReliableBox, enabling the clients to verify if their data have been backed up on the remote servers with specific geolocation. In the design of ReliableBox, we leverage the prominent proof-of-storage techniques for data possession proof, and take advantage of multilateration geolocation and Intel SGX for the precise communication delay measurement and trust computing delay measurement, respectively. In ReliableBox, a client first computes integrity tags for the files and then outsources both the files and tags to the cloud storage server. In the later attestation, with the precise network delay and distance measurement from location-known verifiers, the client verifies that the outsourced files are intact and backed-up to hosts at the specific geolocation. With the customized design, ReliableBox can support the security needs in terms of both data integrity and backup location verification for clients, even when there exists potential dishonest cloud service providers who may manipulate the network delays or forge verification proofs. We provide security analysis to show the security property of ReliableBox in terms of data access, confidentiality, and verifications. In the end, we implement the system prototype and deploy it into several prevalent and commercial cloud platforms for performance evaluation. The experimental results demonstrate that ReliableBox is secure in support of data integrity checking and location-aware backup auditing, while it is robust to the data possession and location spoofing attacks.


On a foggy Saturday morning, July 28, 1945, a B-25 Bomber ferrying servicemen from Massachusetts to New York City's LaGuardia Airport crashed into the Empire State Building, the tallest building in the world at the time. The crash resulted in flames that trapped hundreds of workers in the building. Ultimately, fourteen people died. Eight months after the crash, Congress offered money to families of the victims. Some of the family members accepted, but some of them declined and initiated lawsuits. However, "[a]t the time of the airplane crash on July 28, 1945, no action for negligence could be maintained against the United States as the employer of the pilot, since the United States was not subject to suit in tort." 6 To remedy this issue, Congress passed, and President Harry Truman signed, the bill that we now call the Federal Tort Claims Act (hereinafter "the FTCA" or "the Act"). The FTCA raises the cloak of


This paper focuses on the integration of Galileo and BeiDou in PPP, together with GPS and Glonass. Satellite orbits and clocks for all constellations are generated us-ing a network adjustment with observation data collected by the IGS Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX), as well as from Fugro proprietary reference station network. Describes the strategy of processing the orbit, and the estimated accuracy of the orbit for the Galileo and BeiDou, through orbital overlap for different lengths of arcs. Presented the results of kinematic positioning after processing multi-GNSS. We discuss the benefits of PPP multisystems in terms of increased access and positional accuracy.


In the present study, colour selection and phototaxis experiments were performed on wild subadult Schizothorax oconnori Lloyd. The experimental variables included: five light colours: red, yellow, green, blue, and dark (no light conditions—control), and two flow rates of 0 and 0.3 m/s. Colour selection experiments were conducted to study the preference of S. oconnori to different colours of light in still water and at 10 lx of light intensity. The results showed that the distribution time of S. oconnori in the yellow and green light areas were significantly longer than those in the red and blue light areas (p < .05), and the order of preference for the five colours was: green > yellow > black > blue > red. In the phototaxis experiment, the phototactic behaviour of S. oconnori was studied when the light intensity was at 20 lx and the water velocity was at 0 and 0.3 m/s, respectively. The results showed that in both still and dynamic water conditions, S. oconnori displayed positive phototaxis for yellow and green light, and negative phototaxis for red and blue light. S. oconnori displayed weak phototaxis with a light intensity threshold of 0.65 lx–0.80 lx and 1.50 lx–3.05 lx for yellow and green light, respectively. The results suggest that low‐intensity green light could be used for light trapping of S. oconnori. The research may be helpful in the management of fish passage facilities and fisheries.


The past decade of transnational litigation has seen a consolidation of the trend towards disputes about venue. Increasingly, transnational litigation takes the form of a battle about where the battle is to be fought. The proposed Hague Convention on Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters would have created a multilateral system of cooperation between countries about the exercise of jurisdiction, similar to that which exists within the European Union under EC Regulation 44/2001. Its failure means that disputes about the selection and settlement of venue will continue, for the foreseeable future, to be decided using the traditional tools of forum non conveniens stays (or dismissal, in some countries), anti-suit injunctions and some more exotic variants such as negative declarations, anti-anti-suit injunctions and even anti-anti-anti-suit injunctions. The focus on venue means that time, money and intellectual energy are spent on questions that are, at best, only indirectly related to the merits of the case, and often completely unrelated to them. The problems following the failure of the Hague Convention on Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters are highlighted.


Background Measles is a highly contagious viral infection whose complications most commonly involve the respiratory tract and the central nervous system. We report here what we think to be the first case of acute acalculous cholecystitis occurring during the course of measles. Case Presentation A 22-year-old female presented with fever, sore throat, coryza and an erythematous maculopapular eruption. The diagnosis of measles was confirmed by the presence of IgM antibodies to measles virus in the absence of IgG antibodies. After initial favorable evolution, she developed abdominal pain with positive Murphy's sign and elevated liver enzymes. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen showed thickening (6.5 mm) of the gallbladder wall in the absence of stones or biliary tract dilatation. Evolution was spontaneously favorable, so that neither antibiotic therapy nor surgical intervention were necessary. Conclusion In the context of worldwide recent measles outbreak, we think that clinicians should be aware of the possible occurrence of acute acalculous cholecystitis, a pathology usually associated with a high rate of complications.


Assistive technologies are important tools for helping older people to live independently. Praminda Caleb-Solly, Associate Professor in Independent Living Systems at Bristol Robotics Laboratory (BRL) and Institute of Bio Sensing Technologies, University of the West of England, provides an introduction as to how assistive robotics can address care needs.


Purpose This study aimed to examine the effects of two exercise regimes on physiological and postprandial lipemic responses. Methods Thirty-six active men (peak oxygen uptake [V˙O2peak], 46.5 ± 6.4 mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomly assigned to a high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), involving 10 × 60 s cycling at 85% V˙O2peak interspersed with 120 s recovery; a moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE), involving 50 min continuous exercise at 65% V˙O2peak; and a nonexercise control (Con). In the next morning after evening exercising, fasting blood samples were obtained. Additional blood samples were obtained 1–4 h after eating a given high-fat meal that based on participants' body mass. Carbohydrate and fat oxidation rates were measured before and after the meal. Results After exercise, glucose and insulin concentrations decreased by 33% and 70% in MICE compared with those in HIIE (P = 0.00–0.03). During the 1- to 2-h postprandial periods, the fat oxidation rate increased by 24%–37% in HIIE that that in MICE and Con (P = 0.01–0.03); however, the carbohydrate oxidation rate was not significantly different among the conditions (P = 0.28). During the postprandial period, insulin (P = 0.02–0.04) and triglyceride (P = 0.02–0.03) concentrations were lower in HIIE than those in MICE and Con. No difference was observed in free fatty acid or the total areas under the curve of triglyceride and free fatty acid among the conditions (P = 0.24–0.98). Conclusion Acute MICE improved glucose and insulin metabolism immediately after exercise. However, HIIE performed in the evening exerts more favorable effects than MICE for decreasing postprandial insulin and triglyceride levels and increasing fat oxidation in the next morning.


Several functional finishing methods on woven wool fabrics have been analysed,such as anti-felt,elastic-treatment.anti-static-electricity finishing,soil-repellent,oil-repellent,water-repellent,flame-retardation,sanitaryfinishing and radiation finishing.The developint trend of these finishing was prospected.


AbstractThe present study area is primarily underlain by granites, basalts, and a little bit of laterites. Groundwater occurs under unconfined to semiconfined conditions, in weathered and fractured formations, respectively. A three-dimensional groundwater flow model for the Osmansagar and Himayathsagar catchments—a semiarid hard rock area in India with two conceptual layers—is developed under transient conditions using visual MODFLOW software for the period 2005 to 2009. The 15–20 m top layer is a weathered zone, followed by second 20–25 m-layer fractured zone based on hydrogeophysical studies and borehole lithologs. The groundwater recharge estimation is achieved with the help of geographical information system (GIS) and the water table fluctuation method that is well fitted into the flow model with an average recharge value of 21% of the average annual rainfall. The results derived from modeling indicate that the average input to the aquifer system is 321.96 million cubic meters (mcm), and the output is...


When driven out of equilibrium by a temperature gradient, fluids respond by developing a nontrivial, inhomogeneous structure according to the governing macroscopic laws. Here we show that such structure obeys strikingly simple universal scaling laws arbitrarily far from equilibrium, provided that both macroscopic local equilibrium and Fourier's law hold. These results, that we prove for hard sphere fluids and more generally for systems with homogeneous potentials in arbitrary dimension, are likely to remain valid in the much broader family of strongly correlating fluids where excluded volume interactions are dominant. Extensive simulations of hard disk fluids show that the universal scaling laws are robust even in the presence of strong finite-size effects, via a bulk-boundary decoupling mechanism by which all sorts of spurious finite-size and boundary corrections sum up to renormalize the effective boundary conditions imposed on the bulk fluid, which behaves macroscopically. This allows to measure the properties of macroscopic systems from finite-size simulations.


As underwater disturbances (natural or artificial) occur in the ocean, moving seawater crossing the geomagnetic fields will produce weak circular currents. These currents can induce measurable magnetic fields, which might be useful for monitoring ocean internal waves using aeromagnetic survey. In this research, a spectral-element method (SEM) based on Gauss–Lobatto–Legendre (GLL) polynomials is presented to characterize the magnetic field induced by the underwater pressure waves. A concise mathematical model is established through combining the acoustic wave equations and Maxwell's equations. Specifically, the acoustic–magnetic coupling simulation adopts the nodal-based SEM for acoustic analysis and edge-based SEM for electromagnetic analysis. The proposed SEM has spectral accuracy, as the error exponentially decreases with the order of the basis functions. Additionally, by adopting an independent modeling and mesh scheme in two solvers, respectively, the waste of computing resources is avoided. The experimental analysis demonstrates that the induced magnetic fields mechanically propagate with the acoustic wave, producing the pseudo-radiation phenomenon. The signals of these magnetic fields may extend for tens of kilometers and exist for hours under certain circumstances, which provide a theoretical basis for underwater target identification via high-sensitivity atomic magnetometer.


This review describes the theory and implementation of implicit solvation models based on continuum electrostatics. Within quantum chemistry this formalism is sometimes synonymous with the polarizable continuum model, a particular boundary‐element approach to the problem defined by the Poisson or Poisson–Boltzmann equation, but that moniker belies the diversity of available methods. This work reviews the current state‐of‐the art, with emphasis on theory and methods rather than applications. The basics of continuum electrostatics are described, including the nonequilibrium polarization response upon excitation or ionization of the solute. Nonelectrostatic interactions, which must be included in the model in order to obtain accurate solvation energies, are also described. Numerical techniques for implementing the equations are discussed, including linear‐scaling algorithms that can be used in classical or mixed quantum/classical biomolecular electrostatics calculations. Anisotropic models that can describe interfacial solvation are briefly described.


Food waste is high all over the world, but one characteristic of industrialised societies is that most of this waste is generated by end consumers. Among the strategies followed to reduce it we should mention better coniditions of food preservation and packaging. One new initiative is the use of intelligent labels that inform consumers of the state of preservation of each container, enabling them to make wiser choices.


In recent years, uncertainty has become an important subject in assessing the quality of remote sensing image classification. Classification uncertainty is due to poor class definition, transition zones and the presence of mixed pixels in remote sensing data. Fuzzy classification approaches aim to estimate the proportions of specific classes that occur within each pixel. Partial class membership values derived from fuzzy classification serve as baseline information to assess classification uncertainties and allow the depiction of spatial variation of uncertainty. Providing uncertainty information at pixel level may assist in increasing the confidence in using thematic maps produced from remote sensing image classification. Many metrics have been developed to quantify pixel-wise classification uncertainty. In the present study, two formulations of confusion index are used. Literature state that, the two forms of confusion index provide similar information. The present study aims at examining whether these two formulations provide similar information or not. Multispectral image from Landsat-7 ETM + sensor was subjected to fuzzy c-means classification. The derived class membership values for each pixel were used in quantifying classification uncertainty. A comparative analysis of classification uncertainty provided by two forms of confusion index was carried out. The results from the study show that the two forms of confusion index provide dissimilar information on classification uncertainty.


Introduction Shot peening is a surface treatment widely used in the aerospace industry in order to improve the fatigue performance of manufactured parts by introducing compressive residual stress at their surface. The residual stresses are actually found in a shallow depth under the surface, delaying both crack initiation and propagation [1]. Thus, accessing the in-depth residual stress profiles with accuracy is essential to calibrate the simulations of the shot peening process [2] or for adequate fatigue life predictions of the components [3]. Any error would lead to the improper calibration of the models. A large number of techniques can be used for residual stress measurement [4], but not all can quantify the stress gradient introduced by the peening process. X rays having a penetration of few micrometers in metals [5], X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques are highly suitable for the measurement of residual stress gradients. Consequently, this technique is widely used in industries and laboratories in this regard. With XRD technique, the residual stress is determined from the measurement of the interplanar spacing through the use of X-ray Elastic Constants (XEC) [6]. They are generally extracted from the literature. Some are determined from single crystal specimens; others are extrapolated from known macroscopic values (Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio) resulting in possible artefacts as demonstrated by the present paper. The stress tensor being measured at the surface of the specimen, the stress in the irradiated layer is biaxial; therefore, only one XEC is required (equivalent to the 1⁄2S2=(1+ν)/E in the stress tensor) [6]. As the stress measured by XRD is a linear function of the XEC, any error in the assessment of the 1⁄2S2 value will lead to a proportional error on the measured stress value. The XEC can be determined following the procedure described in [7,8] as the proportionality constant between the XRD measured stresses versus the known applied stresses. As shown before, even when a non-textured polycrystalline material is used, the determined elastic constants are somewhat different from one XRD measurement method to another [7]. The present work highlights the consequences on the assessment of the residual stress profiles in shot peened Inconel 718 samples using two methods for the calculation of the residual stress: the sin2 Ψ and the cos α methods.


Scientific and technological cooperation and exchange are the important content of China-ASEAN's cooperation. With its increasing status in China-ASEAN Free Trade Area,Guangxi should establish scientific and technological cooperation and technological transfer as important criteria of enhancing the core competitiveness of economy and realizing its rapid and healthy development.


We present SNARL, a suite of tools that is able to simulate a user's typing pattern with the goal of exposing the vulnerabilities of new biometric based identification techniques. Researchers have known for many years that password based verification systems are insecure, in part due to security holes in applications, and in part due to users (e.g. password reuse). In an effort to bolster security, some applications leverage additional data; we are particularly interested in the merits and drawbacks of biometric data. Biometric identification schemes are in some aspects very secure, because a person can often be uniquely identified by some combination of biometric factors. On the other hand, if somehow this information were to be stolen, akin to a password being leaked, it is nearly impossible to change, since they are often either physical traits that exist from birth or habits developed over many years. Our paper demonstrates a system that is able to rapidly learn and simulate user password typing habits, and suggests that keypress timings should only be used as an inexpensive technique that does not significantly boost security.


This paper investigates the effect of period-doubling bifurcation on passive dynamic walking (PDW) of a compass-like biped robot which consists of three point masses and two legs. The gait pattern of the robot consists of a single-support phase and a double-support phase which occurs instantaneously. The support and swing legs are exchanged at the double-support phase. Period-doubling bifurcation of PDW occurs when the slope angle of the ground becomes large, and the robot walks with a long step and a short step, alternately. Hip torque is designed based on delayed feedback control (DFC) to suppress the bifurcation. The equation of motion for the robot is numerically integrated and the walking speed is calculated. The simulation results show an increase in walking speed after a period-two gait emerges. Then, DFC is applied to the gait and stabilizes it to a period-one gait. After a period-four gait emerges, DFC is also applied to the period-four gait and stabilize it to period-two and period-one gaits. By comparing the period-one gait with the period-four and the period-two gaits, it is shown that the period-two gait has the fastest mean walking speed. The effect of the robot parameters is investigated and it is shown that the fastest walking speed for the period-one gait can be obtained when a leg mass position is chosen to a certain value.© 2012 ASME


Objective To observe the vertebrobasilar artery flow direction changes after common carotid artery subclavian artery by pass surgery (by pass) and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTA) in subclavian steal syndrome (SSS).Methods Thirty six symptomatic SSS patients underwent by pass and PTA.Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) was performed before and after treatment.Monitoring of posterior cerebral artery (PCA) blood flow was made in two patients during PTA.Results ① TCD findings before treatment:Ipsilateral vertebral artery (VA) reversed flow was detected in 20 patients and bidirection in 16.Bidirection or reversed flow were detected in 11 patients of basilar artery (BA) and in 4 patients of PCA.High resistance waveform with increased flow velocity was seen in contralateral VA. ② TCD changes after treatment:Except for one case the others have normal blood flow.Contralateral blood flow frequency recovered to normal.PCA was performed in two cases during PTA treatment.With the increase of balloon dilatation the degree of residual stenosis reduced.PCA turned from reversed flow bidirection to normal. ③ Five patients had recurrence on follow up over 11~65 months (mean 25 months).Reversed flow of ipsilateral VA was found in 4 cases and contralateral VA bidirection flow in one patient of bilateral subclavian artery stenosis.Conclusions TCD is a sensitive means to observe the phenomena of SSS,the degree of steal blood flow,and influence of intecranial cerebral blood flow.It can be used to evaluate the results of treatment and a toll of follow up.


The variations in total micronutrient appear to be associated with the parent materials, organic carbon, clay and pH of the soils. The values of both the DTPA-Zn and DTPA-Cu have decreased down the depth. The DTPA-Fe is higher in young alluvial soils whereas DTPA-Mn is higher in old alluvial soils indicating its relation with the higher clay content. The total Zn in clay is higher than in the associated soils, whereas total Cu shows almost similar values with the associated soils. The total Fe is higher and total Mn is lower in the clay fraction than the whole soils. All the micronutrient cations (Zn, Fe and Mn) except Cu are higher inferruginous nodules than in the CaCO3-concretions. The total Zn is highest in concretions followed by clay minerals.


First Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis IbPRIA'2003.- Solids Characterization Using Modeling Wave Structures.- A Probabilistic Model for the Cooperative Modular Neural Network.- Robust Learning Algorithm for the Mixture of Experts.- A Robust and Effective Learning Algorithm for Feedforward Neural Networks Based on the Influence Function.- Regularization of 3D Cylindrical Surfaces.- Non-rigid Registration of Vessel Structures in IVUS Images.- Underwater Cable Tracking by Visual Feedback.- A Hierarchical Clustering Strategy and Its Application to Proteomic Interaction Data.- A New Optimal Classifier Architecture to Aviod the Dimensionality Curse.- Learning from Imbalanced Sets through Resampling and Weighting.- Morphological Recognition of Olive Grove Patterns.- Combining Multi-variate Statistics and Dempster-Shafer Theory for Edge Detection in Multi-channel SAR Images.- High-Level Clothes Description Based on Colour-Texture and Structural Features.- A New Method for Detection and Initial Pose Estimation Based on Mumford-Shah Segmentation Functional.- Tracking Heads Using Piecewise Planar Models.- Support Vector Machines for Crop Classification Using Hyperspectral Data.- Vehicle License Plate Segmentation in Natural Images.- High-Accuracy Localization of an Underwater Robot in a~Structured Environment Using Computer Vision.- Determine the Composition of Honeybee Pollen by Texture Classification.- Automatic Word Codification for the RECONTRA Connectionist Translator.- The ENCARA System for Face Detection and Normalization.- Prediction and Discrimination of Pharmacological Activity by Using Artificial Neural Networks.- A Spatio-temporal Filtering Approach to Motion Segmentation.- Annotated Image Retrieval System Based on Concepts and Visual Property.- Multimodal Attention System for an Interactive Robot.- New Wavelet-Based Invariant Shape Representation Functions.- A Feature Selection Wrapper for Mixtures.- Tracking People for Automatic Surveillance Applications.- A User Authentication Technic Using a~Web Interaction Monitoring System.- Recovering Camera Motion in a~Sequence of Underwater Images through Mosaicking.- Best Achievable Compression Ratio for Lossy Image Coding.- Performance and Improvements of a~Language Model Based on Stochastic Context-Free Grammars.- Segmentation of Curvilinear Objects Using a~Watershed-Based Curve Adjacency Graph.- Automatic Keyframing of Human Actions for Computer Animation.- Robust Line Matching and Estimate of Homographies Simultaneously.- Modeling High-Order Dependencies in Local Appearance Models.- An Experimental Evaluation of K-nn for Linear Transforms of Positive Data.- Wavelet Packet Image Coder Using Coefficients Partitioning for Remote Sensing Images.- Generation and Use of Synthetic Training Data in Cursive Handwriting Recognition.- Video-Sensor for Detection and Tracking of Moving Objects.- Estimation of Anti-bacterial Culture Activity from Digital Images.- Robust Extraction of Vertices in Range Images by Constraining the Hough Transform.- Comparison of Log-linear Models and Weighted Dissimilarity Measures.- Motion Segmentation Using Distributed Genetic Algorithms.- Supervised Locally Linear Embedding Algorithm for Pattern Recognition.- Hash-Like Fractal Image Compression with Linear Execution Time.- Learning of Stochastic Context-Free Grammars by Means of Estimation Algorithms and Initial Treebank Grammars.- Computer-Aided Prostate Cancer Detection in Ultrasonographic Images.- Ultrasound to Magnetic Resonance Volume Registration for Brain Sinking Measurement.- Segmentation of Range Images in a~Quadtree.- Associative Memory for Early Detection of Breast Cancer.- Bayesian SPECT Image Reconstruction with Scale Hyperparameter Estimation for Scalable Prior.- Reducing Training Sets by NCN-based Exploratory Procedures.- Probabilistic Observation Models for Tracking Based on Optical Flow.- Simplified Texture Unit: A~New Descriptor of the Local Texture in Gray-Level Images.- Active Region Segmentation of Mammographic Masses Based on Texture, Contour and Shape Features.- Refining 3D Recovering by Carving through View Interpolation and Stereovision.- Chromosome Classification Using Continuous Hidden Markov Models.- Generalized k-Medians Clustering for Strings.- A Quadtree-Based Unsupervised Segmentation Algorithm for Fruit Visual Inspection.- Shape Deformation Models Using Non-uniform Objects in Multimedia Applications.- An Experimental Comparison of Dimensionality Reduction for Face Verification Methods.- Bayesian Image Estimation from an Incomplete Set of Blurred, Undersampled Low Resolution Images.- A Procedure for Biological Sensitive Pattern Matching in Protein Sequences.- An Algebra for the Treatment of Multivalued Information Systems.- Adaptive Learning for String Classification.- Multiple Segmentation of Moving Objects by Quasi-simultaneous Parametric Motion Estimation.- Fusion of Color and Shape for Object Tracking under Varying Illumination.- Extending Fast Nearest Neighbour Search Algorithms for Approximate k-NN Classification.- ART-VENA: Retinal Vaseular Caliber Measurement.- Use of Band Ratioing for Color Texture Classification.- Does Independent Component Analysis Play a~Role in Unmixing Hyperspectral Data?.- Vertex Component Analysis: A~Fast Algorithm to Extract Endmembers Spectra from Hyperspectral Data.- On the Relationship between Classification Error Bounds and Training Criteria in Statistical Pattern Recognition.- Application of Multinomial Mixture Model to Text Classification.- An Empirical Comparison of Stack-Based Decoding Algorithms for Statistical Machine Translation.- Detection of Colour Channels Uncoupling for Curvature-Insensitive Segmentation.- Analyzing Periodic Motion Classification.- Finding Breaking Curves in 3D Surfaces.- Robust Segmentation and Decoding of a~Grid Pattern for Structured Light.- A New Reference Point Detection Algorithm Based on Orientation Pattern Labeling in Fingerprint Images.- Global Motion Estimation in Sprite Generation by Eliminating Local Object Motions.- Automatic Inspection of Wooden Pallets Using Contextual Segmentation Methods.- Gabor Wavelets and Auto-organised Structures for Directional Primitive Extraction.- A Colour Tracking Procedure for Low-Cost Face Desktop Applications.- Local Motion Estimation from Stereo Image Sequences.- A Change Validation System for Aerial Images Based on a Probabilistic Latent Variable Model.- Petrographic Classification at the Macroscopic Scale Using a Mathematical Morphology Based Approach.- On the Efficiency of Luminance-Based Palette Reordering of Color-Quantized Images.- Feature-Driven Recognition of Music Styles.- Multiple Model Approach to Deformable Shape Tracking.- Pixel-Based Texture Classification by Integration of Multiple Texture Feature Evaluation Windows.- Vessel Segmentation and Branching Detection Using an Adaptive Profile Kalman Filter in Retinal Blood Vessel Structure Analysis.- Reconstruction of Quadrics from Two Polarization Views.- Some Results about the Use of Tree/String Edit Distances in a~Nearest Neighbour Classification Task.- Line Detection Using Ridgelets Transform for Graphic Symbol Representation.- Tree-Structured Representation of Musical Information.- Comparative Study of the Baum-Welch and Viterbi Training Algorithms Applied to Read and Spontaneous Speech Recognition.- Skin Lesions Diagnosis Based on Fluorescence Image Processing: Simple Parameters Scanning.- Incrementally Assessing Cluster Tendencies with a~Maximum Variance Cluster Algorithm.- Musical Style Recognition by Detection of Compass.- Subtexture Components for Texture Description.- A 3D Ultrasound System for Medical Diagnosis.- Shot Segmentation Using a~Coupled Markov Chains Representation of Video Contents.- Estimating Confidence Measures for Speech Recognition Verification Using a~Smoothed Naive Bayes Model.- A New Wavelets Image Fusion Strategy.- Quality Assessment of Manufactured Roof-Tiles Using Digital Sound Processing.- Graph Representations for Web Document Clustering.- Learning Decision Trees and Tree Automata for a~Syntactic Pattern Recognition Task.- MOTRICO Project - Geometric Construction and Mesh Generation of Blood Vessels by Means of the Fusion of Angiograms and IVUS.- Skipping Fisher's Criterion.- New Class of Filters for Impulsive Noise Removal in Color Images.- On the Nonparametric Impulsive Noise Reduction in Multichannel Images.- Robust Hash Functions for Visual Data: An Experimental Comparison.- Error Concealment Using Discontinuity Features.- Geometric Properties of the 3D Spine Curve.- Oriented Matroids for Shape Representation and Indexing.- Combining Phrase-Based and Template-Based Alignment Models in Statistical Translation.- The Log-polar Image Representation in Pattern Recognition Tasks.- Appearance Tracking for Video Surveillance.- Sinusoidal Modelling with Complex Exponentials for Speech and Audio Signals.- Smoothing Techniques for Tree-k-Grammar-Based Natural Language Modeling.- Colour Constancy Algorithm Based on the Minimization of the Distance between Colour Histograms.- Video Segmentation for Traffic Monitoring Tasks Based on Pixel-Level Snakes.- Optimal Detection of Symmetry Axis in Digital Chest X-ray Images.- Low Complexity Motion Estimation Based on Spatio-temporal Correlations.- Set-Permutation-Occurrence Matrix Based Texture Segmentation.- Semi-automatic Segmentation of the Prostate.- Entropy Vector Median Filter.- That Elusive Diversity in Classifier Ensembles.


Nickel (Ni) has been studied as a biomaterial for a long time because of the unique mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In this study, the frictional properties and wettability of Ni under dry and lubricated conditions, including cell treatment, were compared in order to investigate its tribological performance under conditions similar to that in a human body. The wettability was evaluated and the morphology and the microstructure of Ni samples were investigated. Cells were cultured on a Ni matrix and observed using an inverted optical and fluorescence microscope. Dry friction tests were conducted and compared Ni lubricated with the bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution or the cell culture media. The lubrication behavior and biofluid mechanisms are discussed.


This article describes a test of a proposed model explaining how Clawson and Knetschs' concept of the five phases of recreation trips can be applied to tourism trips. The model was tested with Korean participants in two domestic tour groups. Data were collected in both the on-site and travel-back phases of the group tours, using two panel samples (n=175 and n=73, respectively). Path analysis partially confirmed the proposed model, with expressive and instrumental performance both positively affecting on-site trip satisfactions, expressive performance also positively affecting both the recollection and travel-back phases of the trip, on-site phase evaluations positively affecting travel-back phase satisfactions, which in turn affect recollection-phase satisfactions, and that both travel-back phase and recollection-phase satisfaction affect revisit intentions.


In this paper,the Cohen-Grossberg neural network with time-varying delays is considered.We assume neither the boundedness,monotonicity and differentiability on the activation functions nor the boun dedness on amplification function.Some sufficient conditions ensuring the existence of periodic solution for the Cohen-Grossberg neural network wiuh time-varying delays are obtained by employing matrix theory,a continuation tieorem of the coincidence degree and inequality analysis.An example is given to show the effectiveness of the obtained results.Our results are all independent of the delays and maybe more convenient to design a circuit network.


This paper demonstrates the validation and performance testing of a decoupled controller for a single phase single stage rooftop PV by its hardware in loop (HIL) implementation. The designed controller was programmed in a digital signal controller. The rest of the system placed in real time simulator i.e. OP5600 HIL box from OPAL-RT. By the help of asynchronous communication between the plant in HIL box and controller in the microcontroller the whole system was implemented. For various operating conditions the system results are studied and reported in this paper. The effect of grid conditions on the controller behavior also analyzed.


The identification of modifiable risk factors associated with cardiometabolic traits is critical for improving health outcomes in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The adverse effects of trans fatty acids from industrial hydrogenation of oils on health outcomes are well‐documented, but less is known about the health effects of trans fatty acids produced from biohydrogenation by bacteria in ruminant gut, such as trans palmitoleic acid (TPA; 16:1n‐7t). We examined the association between plasma TPA and cardiometabolic outcomes using data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study, an ongoing multi‐center observational cohort study of youth with diabetes diagnosed at < 20 years of age. Participants included those with physician‐diagnosed T1D and positive diabetes autoantibody (glutamic acid decarboxylase‐65 or insulinoma‐associated‐2 autoantibodies) at enrollment (n=826; diabetes duration mean=10.0 mo). Cross‐sectional, linear regression models adjusted for confounders (gender, age, diabetes duration, human leukocyte antigen risk, insulin regimen, insulin dose, race and ethnicity, study site, and maximum parental education) identified a positive association of plasma TPA with low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (β=2.1; p=0.02), total cholesterol (β=3.1; p=0.003), and diastolic blood pressure (β=0.9; p=0.003), as well as a positive association with high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (β=0.8; p=0.002). No association was observed between TPA with HbA1C, insulin sensitivity, triglycerides, body mass index z‐score, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference. An adjusted repeated measures model using a smaller sample of participants who had data at baseline and at a follow‐up visit (either 12‐ or 24‐months after baseline visit; n=379) yielded identical results. Findings suggest a differential and complex relationship of TPA on various cardiometabolic traits in youth with T1D. Additional research is needed to determine long‐term effects of plasma TPA on cardiometabolic health in youth with T1D and identify the mechanisms by which TPA may impact these traits.


Abstract:By 1880, the year Jules Ferry produced his law on public education, the Third Republic had become France's longest enduring republic. Given France's unstable political history, republicans focused on public education as the key to stabilizing the republic, instilling republican values in future generations of French citizens, and constructing historical narratives of the Republic as the embodiment of the nation's will. However, the Commune posed a particular challenge to the origins story of the Third Republic. The brief narratives of the Commune in public-school textbooks guardedly sympathized with the conditions that drove the Commune's working-class support, but tempered that with conventional portrayals of working-class manipulability and female emotionality in the political arena. Textbooks reserved their opprobrium for the unnamed Commune leaders, their choice of political referents, their motivations, and the emotional paroxysms they unleashed. Above all, the textbooks chastised the Commune as destructive of national unity.


2019 at the age of 58, is conceived as a tribute to his memory both as a person and a researcher. The volume opens with a "preface" by editor Z. in which he touches on many aspects of Xeravits's life and activity. The essays that follow are divided into five parts, each made up of one or more contributions: Old Testament and Early Judaism (3 essays); (2) Qumran (5 essays); (3) Deuterocanonica (13 essays); (4) Cognate Literature (2 essays); and Antique Synagogue (1 essay). Two of the essays are in German, the remainder in English; each comes with its own bibliography. The collection concludes with a bibliography of Xeravits's many publications, a list of contributors, and indexes of modern authors, sources, and subjects. For abstracts of the essays, see ##1046, 1075, 1092, 1147, 1289, 1537, 1543, 1544, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1551, 1552, 1600, 1658, 1700, 1708, 1715, 1717, 1733, 1743.—C.T.B.


Despite initial scepticism, patient interest in robotic surgery is growing steadily. Patient perception of a new technology is a powerful component of its scientific evaluation. Patients appear to like robotic surgery and have high HRQoL and satisfaction levels. Their request for better access to robotics and the desire for tailored information cannot be ignored. The only impediment is the high initial cost, which can be offset by a shorter hospital stay and better HRQoL.


The finite element method has been used to predict the stress intensity factors for single- and double-edge cracks in six annular and solid rotating discs under constant angular velocity. Linear elastic fracture mechanics finite element analyses have been performed and the results are presented in the form of crack configuration factors for a wide range of component and crack geometry parameters. These parameters are chosen to be representative of typical practical situations and have been determined from evidence presented in the open literature. The extensive range of crack configuration factors obtained from the analyses are then used to obtain equivalent prediction equations using a statistical multiple non-linear regression model. The accuracy of this model is measured using a multiple coefficient of determination, R2, where 0 ≤ R2 ≤ 1. This coefficient is found to be greater than or equal to 0.98 for all cases considered in this study, demonstrating the quality of the model fit to the data. Predictive equations for stress intensity factors enable designers to predict the fatigue life of these components easily. It is also suggested that one of the component configurations (i.e. the cracked slit rotating disc) can be selected as a suitable experimental sample to measure the real fracture toughness of rotating components, using the relevant predictive equation presented in this study. Finally a fracture criterion is also suggested graphically to determine the limit load value of angular velocity for similar rotating disc components.


In this paper, the structural optimization problem of a deployable cable-frame antenna consisting of a cable network and a supporting frame is discussed in detail. Firstly, the initial equilibrium problem of the cable-frame antenna structure is discussed with emphasis on the realization convenience. An optimization model is proposed to get a set of uniformly distributed cable pretensions whilst satisfying the surface precision requirement. Secondly, the optimization of the member size and cable tensions are integrated in one optimization model in which both folded and deployed status are considered. Finally, a 10-meter antenna is optimized with good results which indicates that the proposed method is feasible and effective.


Water mist fire suppression system is widely used in many places, for its little damage and greatly reduces the cost of extinguishing fire. But because of the intricate extinguishing mechanism of water mist, it is difficult to design an optimal water mist fire suppression system in a typical place. With the rapid development of computer technology, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has already been proved to be a useful and powerful tool in fire safety science. Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is used to simulated the interaction of water mist and fire in a typical fire scenario in this paper. Two design schemes of water mist system are compared to prove which one is better. Through simulated by FDS on these two cases, the water mist system with 4 sprinklers is suited in the restroom.


A large arteriovenous fistula, involving the epigastric arteries and the umbilical vein and associated with congestive heart failure, occurred in a newborn infant. An aortogram was made through the umbilical artery. Then the involved vessels were ligated and excised. The cardiomegaly rapidly decreased in size, and the infant recovered. The signs of these fistulas include heart failure, widened pulse pressure, bruit, and thrill.


This article explains how the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) Challenge Project (NCP) provides students with the opportunity to apply their knowledge, skills, and abilities to a realistic hands-on scenario similar to what would be expected of them in actual cybersecurity work roles. It also describes use cases, lessons learned, and the future focus of the project.


The sequence of a 2 kb DNA fragment containing the chloroplast 16S ribosomal RNA gene from Chlamydomonas reinhardii and its flanking regions has been determined. The algal 16S rRNA sequence (1475 nucleotides) and secondary structure are highly related to those found in bacteria and in the chloroplasts of higher plants. In contrast, the flanking regions are very different. In C_̂ reinhardii the 16S rRNA gene is surrounded by AT rich segments of about 180 bases, which are followed by a long stretch of complementary bases separated from each other by 1833 nucleotides. It is likely that these structures play an important role in the folding and processing of the precursor of 16S rRNA. The primary and secondary structures of the binding sites of two ribosomal proteins in the 16SrRNAs of E_;_ coli and C. reinhardii are considerably related. INTRODUCTION Very similar secondary structure models have recently been proposed for E. coli 16S ribosomal RNA (1,2,3). They are based on several independent approaches such as comparison of extensive sequence data of RNA from the small ribosomal subunit in bacteria, chloroplasts, mitochondria and eukaryotes, studies of single strand specific chemical modification of nucleotides, nuclease sensitivity of RNA structure and isolation of complexes of base-paired RNA fragments. Using this model, Stiegler et al. (4) have proposed a general secondary structure for all small ribosomal subunit RNAs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes in which many features of the primary and secondary structure proposed for E^ coli 16S rRNA are conserved. Structures of this sort very likely play an important functional role in the ribosome. The analysis of ribonuclease Tl fingerprints of chloroplast 16S rRNAs has revealed that they share many common © IRL Press Limited, Oxford, England. 7609 0305-1048/82/1023-7609 $2.00/0 Nucleic Acids Research features with prokaryotic rRNAs (5,6). Two higher plant chloroplast 16S rRNA seguences have been established recently in maize and tobacco (7,8). These sequences are highly homologous with each other (95%) and they share 75% of their nucleotides with E. coli 16S rRNA. The chloroplast 23S rRNA gene region of C. reinhardii presents unique features. The 5 end of the 23SrRNA gene has been split into the small 7S and 3S rRNA genes (9) and a 0.87 kb intron is present near the 3 end of the gene (10). In addition, sequences homologous to the higher plant chloroplast 4.5S rRNA constitute the 3'end of the C. reinhardii 23S RNA (unpublished observations). These observations prompted us to examine whether the 16S rRNA gene of C. reinhardii also possesses distinctive properties. Here we report the complete sequence of a 1968bp chloroplast DNA segment which contains the entire 16S rRNA gene of C. reinhardii and its flanking regions. This 16S rRNA sequence which is strongly related to the corresponding sequences in E. coli and in the chloroplasts of higher plants is compatible, with minor exceptions, with the general model proposed for 16S rRNA (4). The surrounding regions of the gene are complementary to each other and they are separated from the two ends of the gene by short AT rich regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS (a) Plasmids The chloroplast ribosomal BamHl fragment Ba4 (10) which contains the entire 16S rRNA gene, the 16S-23S spacer and the 7S, 3S and portions of the 23S rRNA genes was used for this work (cf. fig. 1 ) . The fragments BR 1.3 and HR 1.14 were subcloned into the plasmid pBR322 (11) and used for fine structure mapping and sequencing. Plasmids were prepared as described (12). (b) Restriction enzyme mapping Restriction enzymes were purchased from New England Biolabs and used as suggested by the manufacturer. The restriction site mapping was performed by partial digestions of end labelled DNA fragments (13) and the maps were confirmed by


The preferred treatment for patients with pleural tumors or tumors with pleural extension has not been determined. Systemic and local modalities were studied, including intrapleural chemotherapy and hyperthermia, which mainly have been investigated separately. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility, toxicity and early results of a multimodality treatment consisting of surgery, chemotherapy, and hyperthermia in one session for the treatment of patients with pleural malignancies.


In the political reform at the Late Qing,the sensitive and critical relation of Manchu and Han always serves as an important restrictive element.Limited by their illiberal interests,Manchu aristocrat group feared to lose their power in this reform,so pretended to be serious on surface but in fact they delayed,cheated and even suppressed the movement of Petition to Congress and strengthened their control over the top power,the army power in particular.The Manchu aristocrat group is extremely selfish,rotten,stubborn,and unable to transcend their narrow interests,which lead to the lost of the political reform.


In This paper analysis the structure of the press wall by using computer-aided design and manufacturing technology(CAD/CAM/CAE),choose the three-dimensional design,based on concentricity error analysis of wall installation of single sheet feeding lithographic press.And this paper established the three-dimensional model of the printing press wall with UG software,to shorten the development cycle of new products,and laid the foundation for the research of the dynamic performance of the presses.


This is a cross-sectional household survey aimed to compare functional disability evaluation score and quality of life index score among elderly people with osteoporosis considering gender, age, marital status and income. The 553 participants notified self-reported osteoporosis. The semi-structured instruments WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD were employed. Data were analysed by SPSS software using frequency distribution and the Student's t- test, ANOVA-F, Kruskal Wallis and chi-square tests (p<0,05). The majority were female, aged between 60 and 70 years old, widowed and with an income of up to one minimum wage. A comparison between gender and income with the functional disability index revealed no significant difference. A higher index of disability was found among those aged 80 years old or more and living without a partner. In WHOQOL-BREF they obtained higher scores in the social relationship domain and a lower one in the physical health. In WHOQOL-OLD higher scores were obtained in the sensory abilities facet and lower ones in autonomy. Older women present lower scores on death and dying facet. Those aged 80 years old or more presented a lower score in the physical domain and sensory abilities facet. Widowers obtained lower scores in social relationships and those earning a minimum wage, in the psychological domain.


ABSTRACT In the early 1980s, one of the authors became an adolescent ward of the State of Victoria, Australia, and went into out-of-home care. While in care, repeated encounters with researchers, journalists and policy-makers left her disillusioned as to the efficacy and relevance of their activities, in that although she was sporadically provided with a 'voice', this did little to bridge the divide between their world of privilege and the non-privileged world of the subject of their attentions. The article argues that this divide is perpetuated long after people leave care as adults, and that a mere 'voice' is not enough – what is needed is agency, in the design and execution of research. This can be achieved through extended education, depending in turn on an inclusive culture shift within institutions of higher learning. The article utilises the author's personal experience as a brief case study.


The mayoralty in Chicago: the double play in politics—Thompson to Dever to Thompson; King George repulsed; ballyhoo, bluster and bunk; and "America First".


This paper is about warpage of laminate substrate based BGAs and fine pitch BGAs at lead-free board assembly reflow temperatures using shadow moiré technique. Various constructions (e.g. single die devices and multi chip modules) and different die and package sizes as well as different molding compound materials were considered in this study. A simple model for predicting high temperature warpage for single die devices based on the distance between package corner and die corner was developed. The comparison of the warpage results with and without moisture soaking according JEDEC MSL 3 did not exhibit a significant influence on high temperature warpage. The shadow moiré test results at elevated temperatures are compared with solder joint height distributions measured in cross sections after real lead-free board assembly. A clear correlation of the solder joint height distributions with the package warpage status at 170°C during cooling phase was found. This is much lower than the mominal solidification temperature of lead-free solder. This study helps to understand the influencing factors of BGA warpage and its role for board assembly.


Objective:To explore the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts, serous cystadenomas, mucinous cystadenomas and mucinous cystadenocarcinomas. Method: The clinical data of 60 patients with pancreatic cystic lesions (47 pseudocysts, 5 serous cystadenomas, 4 mucinous cystadenomas and 4 mucinous cystadenocarcinomas ) in our hospital from Oct. 1980 to Oct. 2005 were analysed retrospectively. Results: Operations were performed on all the 60 patients. Roux-en-Y cystjejunostomy were operated on 47 pseudocysts without any serous complication or death, and excisions of tumor were selected on other cases ( 1 death ). Conclusion:Internal drainage should be the treatment of choice in patients with pancreatic pseudocysts, but clinical satisfactory effect has shown for resections of tumors including pancreatic serous cystadenomas, mucinous cystadenomas and mucinous cystadenocarcinomas.


The exhaust valves of diesel engine on ships,airplanes and tanks are mainly made of Nimonic 80A by forging.This kind of material possesses excellent heat-resistant property,high strength and large resistance to deformation at high temperature,so it is very difficult to be deformed.A practical forging process in a die was put forward in present paper.


ABSTRACT: Newborns are more susceptible to fungal, viral, protozoan, and certain bacterial infections than adults. This susceptibility is due in part to a decreased interferon gamma (IFγ) production. The present investigation focuses on the role of the IL-2 receptor in the deficient IFγ production in neonatal T cells. IL-2-induced IFγ production in unstimulated neonatal cord blood and adult peripheral T cells was comparable, but the IFγ production in CD3-stimulated neonatal T cells was only 20% of the adult production. Neonatal and adult T cells showed no difference in the expression of the 55-kD α and 75-kD β chains of the IL-2 receptor. Blocking of the 55-kD α chain of the IL2 receptor with TAC MAb resulted in a marginal reduction in IFγ release from unstimulated or CD3-stimulated neonatal T cells cultured in the presence of IL-2. In contrast, blocking of the 55-kD α chain of the IL-2 receptor in adult T cells caused a 92% and 73% inhibition in IFγ production in unstimulated and stimulated T cells, respectively. Blocking of the 75-kD β chain of the IL-2 receptor with TU27 MAb had a marginal effect in both unstimulated and CD3-stimuIated neonatal and adult lymphocytes. Binding studies with unstimulated cord blood T cells using [125I]-IL-2 showed a binding affinity that corresponded with the intermediate affinity IL-2 receptor. In CD3-stimulated cord blood T cells, a high-affinity receptor was found. The addition of TAC MAb blocked binding to the high-affinity receptor and resulted in IL-2 binding with intermediate affinity. Northern analysis showed an IL-2-induced accumulation of IFγ mRNA in unstimulated and stimulated neonatal T cells. In contrast to adult T lymphocytes, TAC MAb did not cause a decrease in IL-2-induced IFγ mRNA expression in CD3-stimulated neonatal lymphocytes. These data suggest that cord blood T lymphocytes express normal IL-2 receptors and are able to form a functional intact high-affinity IL-2 receptor complex. However, neonatal T cells do not up-regulate IFγ production in response to IL-2.