Pursuit of an exchange rate policy that promotes the competitiveness of exports would be greatly facilitated if the policy maker were able to establish the level of misalignment of the exchange rate and thereby try to correct for it. The motivation of this study for Uganda was therefore to derive the equilibrium exchange rate path, determine the levels of misalignment of the exchange rate and assess their impact on the performance of nontraditional exports. Estimating the equilibrium real exchange rate (ERER) involved: (a) estimation of the real effective exchange rate (REER) by the cointegration and the error correction mechanism (ECM) approaches, (b) filtering transitory factors from the "fundamentals" using the Hodrick-Prescott filter approach and the Elbadawi moving average (MA) methodology, and (c) estimating the ERER using the permanent components of the fundamentals. We find that the magnitude of misalignment, derived as the deviation of REER from ERER, greatly reduced during the period 1991-1999, when the exchange and payments system was liberalized as part of the overall improved macroeconomic management. Further, given that over-valuation of the exchange rate in excess of 15% hampers non-traditional export performance, our results suggest that the exchange rate policy should aim at minimizing over-valuation and, in fact, albeit the inflation objective, over-depreciate REER to boost non-traditional export competitiveness. An explicit estimate of the equilibrium exchange rate is therefore an important variable in exchange rate policy and export competitiveness debates.


Accuracy and reliability are two basic requirements for high performance navigation system,but centralized Kalman filter and federated Kalman filter can not be good in both accuracy and reliability.Based on the characteristics of the subsystems of SINS/GPS/DVL integrated navigation system,a new fault tolerant system was designed using parallel filters to provide an uncontaminated optimal solution and to enable hotbackup filters running at all times.Simulation results show that this system can detect and isolate system faults and ensure system accuracy.


Decision tree is an important method in induction as well as in data mining,which can be used to from classification and predictive model.Classifier is one of the basic methods of data mining.This paper presents the essential concepts of classifier,algorithm,thinks of constructing a decision tree and tree pruning.Then C4.5 algorithm is applied in a data analysis on statistics of the technique.Through analysis of these data and thus gaines some practical rules predicting winning or losing.


Humour is instrumental in drawing attention to controversial topics like gender inequality. This empirical study aims to distinguish the culture-specifics of feminist humour in the Ukrainian social media sector by identifying women's main techniques to overcome gender stereotypes and prejudices. The material for the study was humour patterns sampled in the Ukrainian social media sector from November 2022 to February 2023. During this period, 1803 posts were shared in these groups. In the first stage, we selected 698 posts with humour as their conceptual content. In the second stage, 121 patterns were selected, the main distinguishing characteristic of which is the use of gender terms and/or the presence of explicit gender categorical inferences. Attention was focused on those examples where the humour was aimed at gender deconstruction, achieved by criticism of discriminatory social norms restricting women's and girls' rights. Discourse-analytical research methods were used in the study. Feminist humour techniques used by women in the Ukrainian social media sector to challenge gender stereotypes and prejudices are as follows: 1. Positioning oneself as an irrepressible "bad girl". This technique aims to develop and cultivate assertiveness, i. e. the ability to withstand the psychological pressure of traditional social norms attributed to a "real lady", to regulate one's behaviour and take responsibility for it. 2. "Confusion" of the gender binary. Humour is a platform for creating identities that do not follow the traditional concept of men or women and cannot be described within a rigid binary scheme. An important tool that enables women to challenge stereotypes is the genre of humour, such as banter, which makes it possible for women to experiment with different social constructions of what being a woman in the image of a man means. 3. Adopting the male tradition of disparagement humour. The recipients' acceptance of disparagement humour means that they tacitly consent to the termination of typical serious or critical ways of thinking about socially problematic topics, thus ultimately destroying gender biases and stereotypes – if stereotypes do not apply to men, they lose their validity for women as well. 4. Cultivating self-compassion for oneself. Self-compassion fosters self-awareness that rejects normative gender stereotypes as factors that impede positive aspirations for growth and change. The concept of self-compassion is closely related to the positive perception of one's body image. The results of this study have confirmed the basic conclusions made in the earlier publications that feminist humour is designed to address several psychological problems women face, the reason for which stems from their tendency to adhere to traditional beliefs about gender roles, but feminist humour is not man-hating. By identifying typical techniques employed to challenge gender biases and stereotypes in a particular country, we can understand the national and cultural specificity of feminist humour.


Discourse 'like' has received much attention in the pragmatic literature (e.g., Schourup 1983; Andersen 1997 et seq.), but it has never been investigated from a variationist perspective. Consequently, this dissertation presents an accountable analysis of 'like' in a large corpus of contemporary English. The hypothesis developed in this work is that 'like' is not random, but interacts with syntactic structure in regular and predictable ways. To address this issue, the variable context is circumscribed according to structural criteria and the analyses are embedded within current Minimalist Theory (e.g., Chomsky 1995 et seq.). Over 20,000 structurally defined contexts are examined, comprising data from 97 speakers between the ages of 10 and 87. This method reveals that 'like' is (1) highly constrained by the syntax and (2) occurs in specific positions among speakers of all ages. Indeed, examination of language-internal constraints reveals that the community shares a single variable grammar for 'like' (Poplack & Tagliamonte 2001). This feature is shown to have developed gradually and systematically, arriving at its current state through regular processes of language change. Using the grammaticalization models proposed by Traugott (1997 [1995]) and Brinton (2006), it is argued that after initially developing as a discourse marker, where it occurs clause-initially and links sequences of dialogue (Fraser 1988, 1990), 'like' then begins to enter syntactic structure, spreading to one maximal projection at a time.


The concept of the search process of GSA (Gravitational Search Algorithm) is pageant and it's a heuristic algorithm depends on act of motion and gravity which have anamnesia ability. Several algorithms based on metamorphic computation principals have been successfully applied to recognize the optimized parameters for an AVR systems. However, most of algorithm maintain a restraint result of an improper equilibrium between exploration and exploitation in their search strategies. This paper presents performance and design of parameters of Proportional-Integral-Derivative-Acceleration (PIDA) controller by using gravitational search algorithm and applied in electrical applications and various optimization problems like automatic voltage regulator system. GSA has showed optimum performance correlated to other algorithms as GA, PSO, and FA Method.


The paper investigated and comparatively analyzed the water quality of different water bodies in Hangzhou Xixi Wetland region.The results show that there are remarkably different water quality of different water bodies in Hangzhou Xixi Wetland region.The water quality in the internal park is much better than that in the external park.Comparing with the water in the externel park,COD,TN and TP of the internal park decrease 29.6%,69.7% and 56.1% respectively,NH+4,NO-3 and PO3-4 decrease 88.5%,77.9% and 19% respectively.In the external park,the water quality of the northern river is relatively better than that of the northern and the eastern river.In the internal park,the water quality is different in the big lake,the closed pond and the ship channel,the water quality in the big lake is superior.


Improving our ability to model, predict, and understand power system dynamics is becoming increasingly important as we face the challenges of transitioning to a carbon-neutral energy system. The power grid frequency is central to power system control as it is the primary observable for balancing generation and demand on short time scales. By facilitating frequency control actions, accurate prediction of grid frequency can improve system stability. In recent years, promising new deep learning techniques for time series forecasting tasks have emerged. Here, we explore the application of structured state space models (S4) to high-resolution power system frequency time series. S4 models have previously demonstrated good performance for long-term dependence tasks, but how useful are they for high-resolution energy time series?


Increasing the power rating and reliability of a power conversion system are the main reasons for the parallel operation of power electronics converters. However, when linked in parallel, the converters are subjected to a circulating current that compromises optimum system operation. Moreover, due to efficiency and flexibility reasons, a strategy for power-sharing is crucial. This paper proposes a Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) scheme for two parallel connected Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) systems based on two 3-Level Neutral Point Clamped (3LNPC) converters. With the proposed control scheme, a precise load-sharing can be defined, with different power being supplied by each UPS system. Simultaneously, the Zero Sequence Circulating Current (ZSCC) can be effectively suppressed. Simulation results validate the proposed control scheme.


The Nef protein produced by the viruses HIV-1 and SIV drives efficient viral replication partially by inducing constitutive activation of host cell tyrosine kinases, including members of the Src and Tec families. Here, we uncovered the mechanism by which both HIV-1 and SIV Nef enhanced the activity of the Tec family kinase Btk in vitro and in cells. A Nef mutant that could not bind to the SH3 domain of Src family kinases activated Btk to the same extent as did wild-type Nef, demonstrating that Nef activated Src and Tec family kinases by distinct mechanisms. The Btk SH3-SH2 region formed a homodimer requiring the CD loop in the SH2 domain, which was stabilized by the binding of Nef homodimers. Alanine substitution of Pro327 in the CD loop of the Btk SH2 domain destabilized SH3-SH2 dimers, abolished the interaction with Nef, and prevented activation by Nef in vitro. In cells, Nef stabilized and activated wild-type but not P327A Btk homodimers at the plasma membrane. These data reveal that the interaction with Nef stabilizes Btk dimers through the SH3-SH2 interface to promote kinase activity and show that the HIV-1 Nef protein evolved distinct mechanisms to activate Src and Tec family tyrosine kinases to enhance viral replication. Description A lentiviral protein induces the dimerization of a host tyrosine kinase to stimulate its activity. How HIV hijacks Btk Viruses ensure successful replication, in part, by subverting host signaling pathways. Using biochemical and cellular assays, Aryal et al. uncovered how the HIV-1 protein Nef activates the Tec family kinase Btk, which is critical for HIV-1 replication in myeloid cells. Nef homodimers enabled autophosphorylation of Btk by stabilizing Btk homodimers formed through intermolecular interactions of the SH3 and SH2 domains mediated by Pro327 in the SH2 domain of Btk. This mechanism was distinct from how Btk is normally activated in cells and from how Nef activates the Src kinase family, suggesting a previously unrecognized mode of Tec family kinase regulation and indicating that Nef can induce tyrosine kinase activation through independent mechanisms.


Since photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) is essentially a light scattering technique, it estimates the intensity-weighted particle size distribution. Using the Mie theory, some consequences were demonstrated. First, argon ion lasers were shown to be superior for particle sizing of very small particles. In addition, multiple scattering was shown to be largely dependent on the scattering angle and the state of polarization of the light source. Owing to this disturbing phenomenon, sizing of super-micron particles becomes troublesome. The estimated intensity distribution of polydisperse samples could be greatly influenced by the observation angle. The use of simplified light scattering theories such as the Rayleigh and the Debye-Gans theory was shown to be limited to small particles, especially in the case of high refractive indices. Finally, it was shown that the smoothing effect of PCS data analysis software may give rise to artificial bimodal number- or weight distributions, even when the Mie theory is considered.


Abstract A case study is presented in which the logistic map is shown to have anomalous, precision-dependent behavior. It is also demonstrated that using greater precision does not necessarily lead to greater accuracy and, in fact, the contrary can be true. Though the presention deals only with this particular map it illustrates that the actual math package being used should be examined and cannot be treated as a black box.


In the years 1999–2003 the effect of covering rows of early potatoes with non-woven fleece on the yield formation, dry matter content in tubers, temperature of soil and of air in ground layer was investigated. Covering of rows enhanced the market yield of tubers at early harvest 60 days after planting in average by 35.8% in comparison with the uncovered control. At harvest 67 days after planting the difference in advantage of the covered variant were 17.2% and 85 days after planting the difference in yield between variants was already non significant. The yield effect of the fleece was affected by year (higher effect in the years with cold spring) and by variety (Impala responded at 60 days after planting by yield increase under fleece 43.7%, Adora 27.9%). Higher dry matter content of tubers by 0.87% was found in covered plants 60 days after planting in comparison with control. Cover enhanced average air temperature in ground layer by 2.0°C, in soil in depth 100 mm by 1.8°C.


As one of the most promising renewable energy sources, wind energy reduces consumption of fossil fuels and becomes economically viable with significant environmental benefits. Offshore wind resources are abundant and more stable for sustainable clean energy production. In this paper, we propose stochastic models and optimization methods for optimal development of offshore wind farms. Wind uncertainty is studied by using probabilistic models with seasonal/time scenarios. A two-stage optimization framework is proposed to first determine the optimal number of turbines and then refine the turbine placement for most-productive layout under wind uncertainty. The method is tested using an offshore farm at the south New Jersey coast.


Abstract The powder metallurgical route was utilised to obtain the Al–5Si–4Cu–4Mg (alloy 544) and Al–3Si–2Cu–2Mg (alloy 322) foams. Various steps such as centrifugal atomisation, mixing alloy powder and foaming agent (1 wt-%TiH2), cold compaction of mixture, hot extrusion and foaming in a preheated furnace were performed. Foaming behaviour of the alloys was investigated by digital microscopy, image analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping in this study. It was found that alloy 544 takes a shorter period of time to initiate pore nucleation than alloy 322. Alloy 544 had a higher pore growth rate than alloy 322 at the same pre-set furnace temperature. In both alloys, crack-like pore nucleation occurred between aluminium alloy powders elongated in a direction parallel to the extrusion direction. Both alloys showed the same foaming sequence of crack-like pore nucleation, spherical pore growth, coalescence of neighbouring pores and collapse of pores adjacent to the free surface of specimen. The time required to start pore nucleation decreased with the increase of foaming temperature. The cell walls of both alloys consisted of α-Al phase and eutectic phase.


In X-ray imaging, scattered radiation can significantly degrade image quality. It has been a great challenge to reduce the effect of scatter radiation while maintain low X-ray exposures to patients. Anti-scatter grids and/or digital scatter correction algorithms have been used. We performed stent and guidewire detection experiments to study their performance. Experimental results showed that digital scatter correction could obtain equal or better detection performance than that of the anti-scatter grid. We conclude that digital scatter correction is preferable in interventional X-ray fluoroscopy. Further experimental validation may be made possible by using the images from a clinical fluoroscopy system.


The scientifically law-making is considered as the necessary requirement to the implementation of scientific development outlook and the prerequisite to the comprehensively implementation of the strategy of ruling the country by law.And it is hence necessary for the realization of the scientifically law-making firstly to establish and improve the scientific legislative procedures in the aim of the promotion to the democratic legislation and open legislation,secondly to deal well with the relationship between the power and the rights under the guidance of the principle people foremost,thirdly to promote the department code compilation as well as the abolition,revision and establishment of the existing legal documents, and fourthly to enhance the comprehensive and professional team construction of legislation.


Larinocerus Froeschner is synonymized with Beamerella Knight. Beamerella and its two included species personatus Knight and balius Froeschner are redescribed as are Hambletoniola Carvalho and its single included species antennata Carvalho. A key to included genera and species as well as illustrations of the male and female genitalia, trichobothria, and pretarsal structures are provided. An asymmetrical "lateral tube" is newly described for the female genitalia of Beamerella and Hambletoniola; its occurrence is documented for some other Phylini. The interrelationships of the three taxa and their relationship to other Phylini are discussed.


Selected lakes in Hillsborough County, Florida have been hydrologically augmented with groundwater to offset stage declines caused by excessive pumping of the Floridan Aquifer. Augmentation water can be relatively rich in 226Ra (>5 decays per minute [dpm] L−1). We measured 226Ra activities in shells and soft tissues of adult bivalve molluscs (Elliptio cf. buckleyi) from groundwater‐augmented and nonaugmented lakes to assess bioaccumulation of 226Ra by mussels. Mussels from augmented lakes displayed higher 226Ra in both shells and tissues than did mussels from nonaugmented lakes. Within a sample, 226Ra activity in Elliptio tissues was higher than the value measured in shells. Highest activities were found in a composite mussel sample (n = 6) from an augmented lake; soft tissue activity was 619 ± 33 dpm g−1 dry weight and shell activity was 147 ± 7 dpm g−1 g dry weight. Large mussels displayed greater activities in soft tissues and shells than did small mussels. We transplanted animals from a nonaugmented lake into a groundwater‐augmented water body. 226Ra activity in dry tissue rose from 32 ± 1 to 196 ± 2 dpm g−1 within 2 months. When 226Ra‐rich mussels (232 ± 2 dpm g−1) from the augmented lake were transferred to the nonaugmented lake, they showed no significant 226Ra loss over the 69‐ d experiment. Large Elliptio mussels concentrated 226Ra in their soft tissues to levels about 1,000 to 25,000 times concentrations in lake water. Pumping of groundwater in Florida for residential, agricultural, and industrial use contributes dissolved 226Ra to some surface water bodies, where it can be bioaccumulated by bivalve molluscs.


This work investigated the influence of initial sulfur content in the precursor solution for the growth of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) films by thermal vapour sulfurization (TVS) with sol-gel spin coating as pre-deposition technique. The early introduction of sulfur shows the presence of grains are uniformly distributed and homogeneous on the surface of the film. MoS2 (002) planes are detected for both films with and without initial sulfur conditions, however, the presence of initial sulfur contents gives slightly higher intensity of diffraction peak. Two phonon modes for MoS2, namely the E2g1 (in-plane) and the A1g (out-of plane), are well detected from which the frequency difference of Raman peaks between E2g1 and A1g suggest the grown MoS2 consisted of multi-layers. There is a slight shift of E2g1 which is caused by the carbon impurities but no shift for A1g. Besides, MoS2 film with the presence of initial sulfur content shows better crystal as indicated by its narrower Raman peaks linewidth. Two broad absorption peaks of MoS2 are detected at 614nm and 665nm. Hence, the early introduction of sulfur content in prepared precursor solution is one way of optimizing the growth of MoS2 films.


1. Internal tibial torsion accompanies club-foot in a fair percentage of cases (17 per cent. in this series).

2. It is a major factor in recurrence of the club-foot deformity.

3. Tibial torsion of 15 degrees or more should be treated surgically after the equinovarus deformity has been corrected.


Diabetes Mellitus (DM) stands out as one of the leading chronic diseases in the world and it is responsible for a high number of premature deaths and loss of quality of life. Therefore, the integral attention to the patient with that condition is a constant necessity and it is fundamental that the health professionals of different areas have knowledge about the relationships between DM and the oral diseases wich are one of its risk factors. This study aims to verify the knowledge and practices of health professionals of the Family Health Strategy in Recife/PE in relation to DM and Oral Diseases. This is an exploratory and a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 35 family health teams distributed in the eight Health Districts of the city. The data were collected through two instruments: a questionnaire applied to the professionals of the teams about knowledge and practices and another one that addressed the general characteristics of the health unit and the teams. Data were tabulated for the calculation of their frequencies and analyzed using the Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests at a 5% significance level. Most of the interviewed teams (77.1%) reported they had a health education group for diabetic patients, and although the dentists have participated in 91.4% of the groups in the sample teams, the relationship between oral diseases and DM was not addressed in all groups. Most of the professionals interviewed knew that there is a relationship between DM and oral diseases, but more than 50% of them reported not knowing that oral diseases could affect the glycemic control of the diabetic patient. Only 19.7% of the interviewees underwent oral cavity examination, 36.4% performed risk stratification and 41.4% followed the patients' glycated hemoglobin. In general, the professionals presented a higher level of knowledge of the relationship between oral diseases and DM, but a lower level of practice suggesting greater investment in professional motivation and knowledge exchange aiming the integral care of diabetic patients.


Numerous studies have affirmed that deep learning models can facilitate early diagnosis of lesions in endoscopic images. However, the lack of available datasets stymies advancements in research on nasal endoscopy, and existing models fail to strike a good trade-off between model diagnosis performance, model complexity and parameters size, rendering them unsuitable for real-world application. To bridge these gaps, we created the first large-scale nasal endoscopy dataset, named 7-NasalEID, comprising 11,352 images that contain six common nasal diseases and normal samples. Subsequently, we proposed U-SEANNet, an innovative U-shaped architecture, underpinned by depth-wise separable convolution. Moreover, to enhance its capacity for detecting nuanced discrepancies in input images, U-SEANNet employs the Global-Local Channel Feature Fusion module, enabling it to utilize salient channel features from both global and local contexts. To demonstrate U-SEANNet's potential, we benchmarked U-SEANNet against seventeen modern architectures through five-fold cross-validation. The experimental results show that U-SEANNet achieves a commendable accuracy of 93.58%. Notably, U-SEANNet's parameters size and GFLOPs are only 0.78M and 0.21, respectively. Our findings suggest U-SEANNet is the state-of-the-art model for nasal diseases diagnosis in endoscopic images.


Out there, in the corridors of power, the compactuses of restriction and assorted business systems, there's a war going on. It's the 'War of Access'.


Transportation has continued to increase worldwide and fossil-fuel dependency is strong which leads to a number of problems, e.g. increased emissions of green-house gases (GHG) and risks related to ...


The determination of critical actuator voltages for the onset of "pull-in" or buckling of micromachined elastic structures or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) with a finite number of electrostatic actuators is posed as a multiparameter bifurcation problem associated with a nonlinear partial differential equation. By making suitable approximations, the problem is reduced to one involving a multiparameter family of mappings on a bounded subset of a finite-dimensional Euclidean space RP into itself. Then the problem is reposed as one involving the intersection of level sets of certain functions whose levels correspond to the variable parameters (squares of actuator voltages). A sufficient condition for fold bifurcation when the actuator voltages exceed certain critical values is deduced using simple geometric arguments. The paper concludes with a discussion on the bifurcation of equilibrium of such systems for the limiting case where the number of actuators tends to infinity.


This Issue Brief uses data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-99 (ECLS-K) to examine the scores of public-school language-minority students on a mathematics assessment in 1st grade, as well as the gain in their scores between 1st and 5th grades. Scores are reported by three background characteristics--student's race/ethnicity, poverty status, and mother's education--that have been found to be related to achievement. The findings indicate that language-minority students (English Proficient students and English Language Learners) scored lower on a 1st-grade mathematics assessment than did students whose primary home language was English. Between 1st and 5th grades, there was no measurable difference in gain scores on the mathematics assessment among the three language groups. However, gain score differences within and between the language groups were found by student background characteristics. For example, Asian language-minority students made greater gains than their Hispanic peers.


The English short story arose as a modern literary genre in the early years of the nineteenth century. But it has been marginalized by Western mainstream literature for a considerable time. The present paper analyzes in general terms the negative impact caused by the hierarchy of genres in the literary canon on the tortuous development of the short story genre, taking the origin of the short story in English literary history as an example, examines the writers' reputation in relation to the state of the short story genre, and illuminates the fact that among the various elements which are responsible for the marginalized state of the short story, the traditional literary canon is one of the decisive factors. The paper finally points out that in the new century, the literary canon should be opened to expand the scope of discussion and creation. Through opening up "the closed canon", literature will always develop in an ongoing process.


Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is angiogenic and neurotrophic factor. It is now known that VEGF also plays an importmant role in neurogenesis and neuroprotection in addition to angiogenesis. VEGF and VEGF receptor increase in the ischemic brain, promote vascular endothelial cell proliferation and decrease infarct volume. VEGF plays neuroprotective and neurotrophic roles by the modulation of the phosphatidylinositol3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/nuclear factor-κB and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. VEGF reduces ischemic neuronal apoptosis, promotes neural stem cells proliferation, migration and differentiation and improves nerve functions. In the other hands, VEGF increases permeability of blood vessel which may aggravate cerebral edema early.


ABSTRACT This study focuses on the development of epistemic modality, with particular attention to how French children evaluate the conditions of use for modal expressions marking certainty and uncertainty. Sixty children aged four, six and eight were shown films involving verbal interactions in which a target speaker accused another of having performed a deed. The analysis examine children's responses during a subsequent interview in which they were asked to attribute an epistemic attitude of certainty/uncertainty to the target speaker as a function of three factors: (a) whether he had witnessed the deed; (b) whether his accusation was modalized by the verb croire ('think/believe'); and (c) whether the accusation was true or false. The results show that the four-and six-year-olds attribute certainty more often than the eight-year-olds. This dissymmetry is accompanied by a developmental progression in children's conceptions of these modal categories, which change from a 'realistic' conception (mainly based on truth/falsity) at four years to an increasingly metalinguistic and relativized conception thereafter.


Information and communication technology ICT including broadband networks, cloud computing, a variety of mobile devices, point-card systems, and "virtual coins" can induce complicated situations concerning customer management. In particular, billing management is very critical, and it is thus necessary to establish a billing-management method that can quickly adjust to changes in the environment. The first requirement is managing the relationships between services, payments, and settlements so as to assure the payment method and service provision and payment routes. Therefore, a business model design method, established from the viewpoint of service, cash flow, and settlement to strategically adjust to changes in the environment, is described herein. In addition, a procedure for managing the connection paths is proposed to efficiently construct the relationship between services, payments, and settlements.


Taking Dryopteris fragrans that grew in Wudalianchi of Heilongjiang Province as materials,the content determination method of rudin and quercetin in Dryopteris fragrans by HPLC were determined.The results showed that the two compounds were basically isolated.Rudin and quercetin showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.033~0.167 μg(r=0.9992) and 0.0016~0.0096 μg(r=0.9993) respectively;The average recoveries were 99.78%(RSD=1.69%)and 99.10%(RSD=0.75%)respectively.The maximum content of rudin and quercetin in whole plant of Dryopteris fragrans appeared in September and October respectively,but the content of rudin was more than quercetin;The content of rudin and quercetin in overground part of Dryopteris fragrans was more than that in underground part.The method was rapid and precise,and the dynamic change of rutin and quercetin content could be measured accurately.


Pretreatment with 10~8 M retinole acid for 4 days caused changes in three distinct components of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated cyclic adenosine re sponse in a clonal rat osteogenic sarcoma cell line, UMR 106- 06: (a) the amplitude of the cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophos-phate response to PTH was moderately increased after pretreat ment with retinoic acid; (b) while the cellular content of the two isoenzymes of the cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-de-pendent protein kinase was approximately equal in control cells, retinoic acid pretreatment was associated with a marked in crease in the ratio of type II to type I holoenzyme activity. This change might be due to a decrease in the type I holoenzyme as suggested by immunofluorescence detection of decreased type I regulatory subunit in fixed cells together with the relative decrease in type I holoenzyme determined biochemically; (c) there was a marked alteration of the pattern of PTH-stimulated protein kinase isoenzyme activation from predominantly type I isoenzyme in control cells to almost exclusively type II isoenzyme in retinoic acid-treated cells. Growth inhibition by submaximal amounts of PTH and surface of the coverslip in a humidified chamber and incubated for 45 min at room temperature. Following PBS washing the second antibody portion was added as a 25-^1 aliquot to the surface of the coverslip for 30 min at room temperature. After 3 further washes in PBS coverslips were mounted in Aquamount (Lerner Laboratories, New Haven, CT) and viewed with epifluorescence using a Nikon Fluophot microscope and photographed using llford XPI400 film with ASA set at 200. Negatives were developed using C41 color proc essing. For studies of a single series photographs were taken in the memory mode of the Nikon UFX11 photographic equipment to ensure constant exposure time.


Calculations of the carrier mobility of electrons and holes vs the electrical field strength E are presented. The calculations have been performed based on a Maxwellian distribution and taking into account a repopulation of carriers among different valleys in the case of n‐channel silicon inversion layers. The energy loss of the carriers to the lattice and the drift velocity or mobility are treated as two dimensional. Formulas for the energy loss are presented for both high and very low temperatures considering scattering by optical and acoustical phonons. The calculations are compared with experimental values given by Fang and Fowler and by Sato et al. Good agreement is found for the high‐temperature case using coupling constants as given by Sah et al. Quite large differences between theory and experiment appear at very low temperatures. The origin of these differences is discussed in a final section.


The e-commerce technology in the internet time is a new generation driver of supply chain management.It is the key for increasing the core competitiveness of current enterprises to realize the process optimization of supply chain management and build a more complete and rapid e-commerce application platform. This paper introduces the key technologies of design concept,functional structure and development of e-commerce platform based on supply chain management,proposes the entire design framework of e-commerce platform,and shows the detail about expend design to e-commerce platform.


There is an increasing interest in developing renewable and degradable gelatin films for various applications. However, gelatin has to be modified before use due to its poor mechanical properties, sensitivity to water and microorganisms. In this work, gelatin films were modified physically and chemically. Effects of the molecular size of the modifying agents on the properties of the structure and properties of gelatin films were discussed. It was found that alcohols with higher molecular weight endowed the gelatin films with reduced migration ratio in water, showing an excellent plasticizing stability. Films chemically modified with macromolecule dialdehyde starch (DAS) showed obviously lower swelling ratio than that modified with small molecule glutaraldehyde (GTA). The present work indicated that the plasticizers and crosslinking agents with proper molecular size and molecular weight endowed the physically and chemically modified gelatin films with superior physical properties, providing useful information for the modification of gelatin and other biopolymers.


Benchmarking machine learning (ML) based methods have traditionally been largely uncoupled from scientific simulations. However, there has been considerable interest in using learning approaches in the context of scientific simulation software to: (1) analyze large volumes of simulation data (or archived databases); (2) drive adaptive simulations to sample 'rare' events; (3) accelerate simulations by replacing expensive computational kernels with efficient ML inference techniques, and (4) drive optimal simulation strategies based on ML guided approaches. Thus, the coupling of learning with simulation tools can range widely: from ML approaches which are independent of the application itself, to ML approaches which are used to drive large-scale simulations. Using structural bioinformatics applications, we motivate how ML approaches are coupled with physics-based simulations. To optimize such coupled applications on emerging hardware and software platforms, we need to consider additional and often unique performance considerations. In this paper, we present an overview of different learning approaches in structural bioinformatics applications, performance considerations for such coupled applications, and outline the development of performance metrics. We hope this will enable the broader scientific community as well as hardware and software vendors to evaluate the role of learning tools when coupled to scientific simulation applications, and hope that this could serve as a framework for other application domains. CCS CONCEPTS • Computing methodologies→ Machine learning; Molecular simulation.


Glaciers are prominent features in mountainous environmen ts and with the ongoing climate change their importance has become aware to the wide public: G aciers epitomize a healthy, untouched environment, are a key element of the water cycle, contribute largely to the current rate of sea-level rise and are amongst the most reliable clim ate indicators. Knowledge of recent behavior and future changes of glaciers is, thus, of great in terest. From the beginning of the last century, large efforts have be en performed in order to build up and maintain networks for glacier monitoring. In this res p ct, the advent of remote-sensing techniques has contributed to fast progress. However, some fundamental quantities for the characterization of a glacier, such as the total ice volume, the distribution of the ice-thickness, the accumulation and the ablation, are difficult to determin e from remotely-sensed data. In this thesis, two new approaches are proposed for the infer e c of two distributed glacier variables which are generally difficult to estimate: ice-th ickness and accumulation distribution. Both variables are of fundamental importance for many applic ations including ice-flow modeling, hydrological analysis or runoff forecasting. A first method is proposed for inferring the ice-thickness di stribution based on the principle of mass conservation and considerations on the ice-flow mech ani s. Given a few parameters controlling the surface mass balance and the dynamics of the ice-flow, the ice-thickness distribution is derived from the characteristics of the surface to pography. The result is thus, not only the total volume of a glacier, but also its spatial distribut ion. The method is able to integrate a-priori information about the ice thickness possibly avai lable from radio-echo soundings or borehole measurements and is shown to perform with satisfac tory accuracy. The method is applied to a set of glaciers in the Swiss Alps and the results are used to calibrate a volume-area scaling relation. With the combina tio of the two approaches the total glacier ice volume present in the Swiss Alps in 1999 is estima ted. The importance of large glaciers as contributors to the total volume is shown and an a verage mass-balance time-series is used to quantify the relative volume loss in the last decad . It is estimated that 12% of the 74±9 km3 of glacier ice present in the Swiss Alps in 1999, have melted u ntil 2008. Out of this volume change, almost 30% was lost during the extraordinary w m summer 2003. A second approach is proposed for inferring the distributio n of snow accumulation by combining time-lapse photography and simple modeling. The par ameters of a simple accumulation model, coupled to a distributed temperature-index melt mod el, are adjusted in an iterative procedure in order to reproduce the temporal evolution of the me ltout-pattern observed during the ablation season. The small-scale variability is accounted for in a diagnostic way and lumped in a spatially distributed variable which summarizes all non-m odeled snow redistribution processes. The comparison with in-situ snow-depth measurements shows that the achieved accuracy is in the same order as the results yielded by an inverse-distan ce interpolation scheme of the direct measurements. The influence of topographical variable s is xplored and local slope and curvature are shown to have a significant effect on the detect ed accumulation pattern.


This paper aim to call into question the role of writing in the foreign language learning process and in the construction of 'self' in another language. To achieve this goal, we analyzed texts written by Portuguese learners, which were produced during the school year of 2013-2014. Inserted in the Applied Linguistics field, this discussion is grounded on the theoretical intersection among discourse, psychoanalysis, and deconstruction studies, and understands that writing in another language not only (de)(an)nounces representations of the foreigner, but also works as a mirror for a multiple identity construction, which is in constant transformation. The data allowed us to state that it is possible to write oneself beyond the stativity that often prevails in school / academic writing activities, which contributes to the (re)inscription of 'self', affected by the constant presence of the other, as an irreducible multiplicity to a single language-culture.


: This study aims to model and measures the volatility of the returns of the banking sector in the Saudi stock exchange. The study used the exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (EGARCH) model. The banking sector index (TBNI), comprises of daily data from the period from 1st April 2019 to 30st April 2020. Asymmetry presence has been detected in the EGARCH model. A using a Generalized Error Distribution was the most appropriate for the model. Besides, we found that " bad news " tends to increase volatility in comparison with " good news ", because the world is going through a corona epidemic.


A new species of Anthurium ( A. mucuri E.G.Gonc. & L.F.A. de Paula) is described and illustrated. It occurs in rocky outcrops (inselbergs) in Minas Gerais state, Southeastern Brazil and it is so far know from a restricted area around the city of Teofilo Otoni. It seems to be closer to Anthurium viridispathum E.G.Gonc., but differs mainly in having smaller overall dimensions, a much narrower leaf blade and spathe and for the spathe that is glaucous in the inner surface. Anthurium mucuri is placed in the section Urospadix Engl. subsection Obscureviridia Engl.


HOUGH farming is typically considered a conservative, tradition-oriented way of life, American agriculture is built upon faith in the practical value of science. The key scientific centers for agriculture have been the state land-grant colleges and the U. S. Department of Agriculture. In an attempt to "democratize" agricultural research, giving the users of the information more influence upon researchers and administrators, Congress provided in 1946 for nonscientist advisory committees for USDA research. What influence have these committees exercised? To the extent that it had a single purpose, the Research and Marketing Act of 1946 (RMA)l was a broad charter for USDA to improve agricultural marketing. It provided for research, service, and education, but not regulation to help create a marketing system capable of disposing of surpluses and to protect the farmer's position in that system. Enacted in a time of scarcity and high agricultural prices, the act was based on widespread predictions of agricultural surpluses and depressed prices once wartime prosperity should fade. A second purpose of the act, partially integrated with the major theme, was to authorize new funds for research in the state agricultural experiment stations. A portion of these funds was intended for marketing research. The politicians put their faith in science, but they put their faith, too, in the untrained man, and provided for citizen advisory


The invention provides a holographic 3D recording device, reproducing device and display equipment and relates to the technical field of display. By means of the holographic 3D display equipment, the recording and reproduction of a 3D image can be achieved without adding angle control equipment, and the complexity for achieving the recording and reproduction of the holographic 3D image is reduced. The holographic 3D device comprises a photorefractive crystal and a microlens array, and the microlens array comprises an array face and side faces; the microlens array is arranged on a light path from an article which is shot to the photorefractive crystal, first object light emitted by the article which is shot through diffuse reflection passes through the array face of the microlens array, and second object light emitted to the photorefractive crystal is formed; the photorefractive crystal is used for receiving reference light and the second object light emitted by the microlens array and storing interference fringes formed by the reference light and the second object light; the first object light and the reference light are coherent light, and the first object light and the reference light are used for fabricating the holographic 3D recording device, reproducing device and display equipment.


Crosstalk cancellation is a well-known technique to deliver virtual 3D sound to a listener via two or more loudspeakers. In this method, the binaural source signals are processed with a network of prefilters prior to loudspeaker reproduction in order to ensure that only the prescribed source signals reach the corresponding ears of the listener, such that all acoustic crosstalk is cancelled out and no significant reverberation is present. Since listeners might slightly move their heads within a certain range while listening, robust designs are needed. In this paper, we propose a method for the robust design of crosstalk cancellers in which we replace known least-squares techniques by a p-norm optimization that allows us to explicitly control the amount of crosstalk and shape the remaining reverberation effects according to a desired decay.


The relief of Ardashir I at Naqsh-i Rustam is the first Sasanian investiture scene with the two protagonists on horseback. They are identified by a prominent trilingual inscription on the horses as Ardashir I and Ahura Mazda. Another inscription remained up to now unobserved, however. It is chiselled on the folds of Ahura Mazda's tunic.


In this paper, a numerical investigation on the behavior of a rugged LDMOS transistor operating in the high current-voltage pulsed regime is carried out with the aim of clarifying the physical origin of the current "enhancement" that is visible in the output characteristics at high drain and gate biases. The investigation shows that the output characteristics are significantly affected by the "quasi-saturation" effect at low drain voltages. The impact-ionization rate in the drain extension at high drain voltages reduces the series resistance of the drift region and, hence, raises the electrostatic potential near the channel end, thus driving the intrinsic MOSFET into a saturation condition. The analysis provides a clear insight on the "quasi-saturation" and current "enhancement" effects, which is instrumental for the development of compact models that are particularly useful for circuit-design tools.


To be appreciated is the most pressing nature of human beings.The appreciation education in primary school mathematics teaching plays the role of helping the students to learn and explore with self-confidence and to experience the joy of success.


Abstract As the size and scale of construction projects increase, inefficiencies related to the manual operations about field data in current tracking systems are becoming an important issue. While emerging wireless technologies are providing a feasible vision of ubiquitous computing and sensor networks applicable to the large-scale construction industry, it has become even harder to select a suitable technology for tracking construction materials because of the differing functionalities, capabilities, and scope of application of the specific technology. This research proposes a multi-criteria decision-making model that leverages the decision process in choosing various wireless technologies available on the market. To justify the selection of a specific technology, a fuzzy method was adopted to provide an appropriate way to decide among five alternatives (e.g., RFID, GPS, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, and UWB). Fuzzy ranking was obtained from the aggregated fuzzy appropriate index (FAI) based on a person's point of vie...


We have found in our experience ~ith SWAC that hhere i~ a great advantags in maintaining a library of subroutines ready for use in any problem° As i~ probably true in other computing ~nt~r~ we are very much lut~re~tad in a~ ~oh~ nique~ ~hat can ~peed up the coding process and e~ble us tc start computation on SWAC as soon as possible after receipt of a ~ew problem° The use cf previously prepaid and checked subroutines not only shortens the ~odln@ time, but helps to eliminate codi~ errors. We now have available subroutines for floatin~point arithmeti~ opera-tlo~s, divisions ~qua~ roots lo~arithm~ and exponentials, trigo~tri~ f~otio~ evaluation of polyncmials~ deoimal©bimary and bim~ry-decimal ce nver sicns, eros In conjunction with our subroutines~ we usually ma~c~ use cf a system of coded instructions and an interpretation routines Each time a sub-routine is used, a ~cded inetr~otien~ or code word, defines the cperaticn ~cmpletely in terms cf addresse s of opsrands~ address uf results parameters if necessary~ entry to the subroutine that will accomplish the operation, and, in some cases. exit back to the main routius o For example, since we do not have automatic divisions and must therefcre use a subrou~ne~ the appropriate Ùode werd contains the addresses of the dividend, divisor, and quotients and a parameter that de-ifln~s the desired scale factor 50 be associated ~ith the quotient, as well as the e~try to the division subroutine • Code words, stored as negative numbers, and explicit machine commands~ which are all positiveb are combined in any desired sequence to malta up the main routines and the interpretation routine examines each cf these in turn, determines whether it i8 a cc~m~nd to be obeyed e~q~lioitly or a code word~ in which case the entry is extracted and the control sent to the begi~i~ of the appropriate subroutineo Co, ands are included in the subroutine itself tc extract the addresses and paramsters from ~he cede word and perform the operation required° If no exit is defined by the code word, the centrol returns to the interprets.. tion routine, which then goes on to the next word in the main routine. Since all our subroutines are originally wri~en a~ if the F are going ~o be sacred in fixed addresses when used in a probl~n~ and stored ca paper tapes as if they will be used in these s~ne addresses, we must use a Preparatory …


XML simplifies data exchange among heterogeneous computers, but it is notoriously verbose and has spawned the development of many XML-specific compressors and binary formats. We present an XML test corpus and a combined efficiency metric integrating compression ratio and execution speed. We use this corpus and linear regression to assess 14 general-purpose and XML-specific compressors relative to the proposed metric. We also identify key factors when selecting a compressor. Our results show, XMill or WBXML may be useful in some instances, but a general-purpose compressor is often the best choice.


The species records are key to determine their distribution.  In México, there are records located up to more 200 km outside the known range of Ateles geoffroyi, Cryptotis mayensis, Pteronotus davyi and Tlacuatzin sinaloae.  Other species were captured in their type locality but have not been recorded again over up to 100 years: Dipodomys gravipes, Oryzomys peninsulae, Peromyscus mekisturus, P. pembertoni, Sorex sclateri, S. stizodon, Tylomys bullaris and T. tumbalensis.  This study analyzes these mammalian species records, their information gaps related with their known range, and discusses the likely implications for conservation.  A survey of the literature and databases of scientific collections available on the Internet were conducted.  A geographic information system was used for the spatial analysis of the records obtained.  Records outside the limit of the known range of these species are due to misidentification of specimens, accidental introduction and lack of field corroboration.  Some of the species captured only in their type locality can be deemed extinct while others require field and laboratory work.  Geographic records of the species are valuable inputs to define the distribution range of species and advance our current knowledge about the Mexican.  The use of records with errors or that should no longer be considered have an impact on the risk categorization of species and the development of conservation strategies.


Book Citations: Authors, Title, HemaSphere, 2023;7(S3):pages. The individual abstract DOIs can be found at https://journals.lww.com/hemasphere/pages/default.aspx. Disclaimer: Articles published in the journal HemaSphere exclusively reflect the opinions of the authors. The authors are responsible for all content in their abstracts including accuracy of the facts, statements, citing resources, etc. 4452 referral were as follows (requests/BM involvement): NK/T-cell lymphoma, 29.55%/15.52%; peripheral T-cell lymphoma, 25.61%/34.33%; anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma, 17.71%/20.86%; angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, 10.45%/59.76%; and T-lymphoblastic lymphoma, 8.15%/40.63%. Moreover, two patients with adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia and one each with intestinal T-cell lymphoma, T-large granular lymphocytic leukemia, and T-prolymphocytic leukemia were requested; all showed 100% BM involvement. Antecedent myeloid malignancies existed in 14 patients (11 with B-lymphomas and 3 with Tor NK-lymphomas), including 3 with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 9 with myeloid dysplastic syndromes (MDS), and 2 with myeloid proliferative neoplasm. BM involvement was observed in 1 with antecedent AML and 3 with MDS.


BACKGROUND
Peri-operative chemotherapy is recommended for the management of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). The aim of this study was to examine the impact of peri-operative bevacizumab on survival in patients with resected CRLM.

METHODS
A multicentre retrospective cohort of patients with resected CRLM was analysed from the LiverMetSurvey Registry. Patients who received peri-operative FOLFOX (group A) were compared with those who received peri-operative FOLFOX and bevacizumab (group B).

RESULTS
In total, 501 patients were compared (A, n = 384; B, n = 117). Group A was older (68.3 versus 62.5 years, P < 0.01), had more rectal cancers (30.7 versus 18.8%, P < 0.01) and higher carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels at diagnosis (17.0 versus 9.7 ng/ml, P = 0.043). No difference was observed regarding primary tumour stage, synchronicity and the number or size of metastases. Post-operative infections were more frequent in group B (4.7% versus 12.8%, P < 0.01). Peri-operative bevacizumab had no effect on 3-year overall survival (OS) (76.4% versus 79.8%, P = 0.334), or disease-free survival (DFS) (7.4% versus 7.9%, P = 0.082). DFS was negatively associated with primary tumour node positivity (P = 0.011) and synchronicity (P = 0.041).

CONCLUSIONS
The addition of bevacizumab to standard peri-operative chemotherapy does not appear to be associated with improved OS or DFS in patients with resected CRLM.


Abstract Background In an effort to minimize complications associated with over-utilization of antibiotics, many antimicrobial stewardship programs have incorporated an antibiotic time out (ATO). Despite the increasing adoption of the ATO, limited data are available to support its effectiveness. This study was designed to assess the impact of an automated ATO integrated into the electronic medical record (EMR) on the rate of antibiotic modification in patients receiving broad-spectrum antibiotic(s) for Gram-negative bacteremia (GNB). Methods This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of inpatients from January 2017 to June 2018 conducted at a large academic medical center. ATO was implemented on October 31, 2017. Adult patients with GNB who received at least 72 hours of a systemic antibiotic were included. Patients with neutropenia or polymicrobial infections were excluded. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who received a modification of therapy within 24 hours of final culture results. Secondary outcomes included modification at any point in therapy, time to modification of therapy, time to de-escalation, and days of therapy of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Results There was a total of 88 patients who met inclusion criteria, 37 patients pre-ATO and 51 patients post-ATO. The primary outcome of modification of therapy within 24 hours of final culture results was not significantly different for patients in the pre-ATO and post-ATO groups (19% vs. 20%, P = 0.94, respectively). The secondary outcome of modification of therapy at any point in therapy was not significantly different between the two groups (62% vs. 66%, P = 0.67). Of the 47 patients who received a modification of therapy, the mean time to modification was significantly shorter in the post-ATO group (52.8 hours vs. 45.26 hours, P < 0.05,). All other secondary outcomes were not significantly different between study groups. Conclusion The ATO alert was not associated with a higher rate of antibiotic modification within 24 hours of culture results in patients with GNB, although there was a significant reduction in the time to antibiotic modification. Further efforts are needed to improve the time to modification and optimize antibiotic prescribing practices. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


People with disabilities (physical or cognitive) represent a small percentage of a country population. However, the health costs are usually higher when compared to an ordinary person. Thus, one should seek solutions to help the day life of such group of people. When diagnosed with cognitive disabilities the patient may be prevented to live alone and a caregiver may be needed. To avoid this privacy invasion and enable the patient to live independently in his home, there is the need to adapt it to the concept of smart house, which enables the caregiver to remotely access and check the user status. However, the smart house is not able to monitor the user when he goes outside its premises. Thus, in order to keep the user safe, he may become a prisoner of his own home. To engage people with cognitive disabilities in a normal interaction with the surrounding environment there is the need of a portable orientation system that works outdoors and is adapted to this audience. If one look over the two main operative systems for mobile devices (i.e., iOS and Android) there is a huge number of applications that guides the user through GPS to the intended destination. However, there are just a few adapted to people with disabilities. Besides the orientation feature there is also another important one from the perspective of the caregivers, i.e., a localization feature which allows these second type of users to remotely access the main user location. This is specially important since traditional methods are very expensive, and due to this lack of information caregivers tend to be all the time with the patient during his journey. Thus, the effort and resources spent to teach the user are wasted. Different authors had developed adapted orientation systems considering the user specificit-


Two narrow peaks at about 1500 and 1800 MeV/c2 are seen in the distributions of invariant mass of the assumed six-pion systems in the final states of p̄Ne and p̄He reactions at 607 MeV/c. In p̄He-reactions the peaks are seen only in the forward direction, while in p̄Ne-reactions they are also seen in the backward direction with momenta near the momentum of the incident antiproton. The peaks could possibly be due to glueballs.


Based on the principle of magnetohydrodynamics the forced state on the liquid metal solidification rotating at high speed in a stationary magnetic field was theoretically analysed. Results revealed that under Joint action of electromagnetic,centrifugal and gravitic force fields, both the radial compressive force and the tangential component force acting on rotating liquid metal are varying periodically. An electromagnetic stirring effect taken by the later seems to be the basic cause of the refinement of solidification structure from liquid in electromagnetic centrifugal process.


Pro‐Q Diamond (Pro‐Q DPS) is a commercially available stain that binds the phosphate moiety of phosphoproteins with high sensitivity and linearity. To conserve consumable costs we demonstrate that threefold diluted Pro‐Q DPS offers the same sensitivity and linearity of signal to that obtained with undiluted Pro‐Q DPS. The optimal conditions for Pro‐Q DPS indicate that fixation, staining, and destaining of gels longer than 1 h, 2 h, and four 30‐min incubations, respectively, are not required. The fixation and destaining solutions, but not the threefold diluted Pro‐Q DPS, can be re‐used without compromising the signal intensity or linear dynamic range. This modified protocol of Pro‐Q DPS reduces the cost at least by fourfold, making the stain economically attractive for large‐scale analysis of phosphoproteins.


vii Chapter One of this Thesis briefly describes the history and production of chiral starting materials of type-1.5 (Scheme A.1) and summarises their synthetic attributes as well as providing several examples of their use in natural product synthesis. Chapter Two begins with a succinct review of the structural characteristics and biological properties of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloid (−)-lycorine [2.1] and describes several established synthetic approaches to compounds of this type. Thereafter, experimentally-based research leading to the development of a rapid and enantioselective synthesis of the lycorine framework, starting from the cis-1,2-dihydrocatechol 1.5, and culminating in the first syntheses of the lycorine derivatives 2.127 and 2.124 is described (Scheme A.1). Additionally, the true structure of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloid nobilisitine A [ent-2.173] is disclosed.


Objective To evaluate the use of gated SPECT in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and the effects of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) on myocardial perfusion.Methods 99 Tcm-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) images were performed in 31 HOCM patients before PFSMA and in 15 patients 3-7 d after PTSMA.The images in different left ventricular segments were analysed by using scores.Results In 99Tcm-MIBI images, uptake decreased at the septal regions in 12 HOCM patients (80.0%, 12/15) after PTSMA, 18F-FDG images also showed decreased uptake at the septal regions in 5 HOCM patients (33.3%, 5/15) after PTSMA.Conclusion 99Tcm-MIBI images might be an important method to evaluate PTSMA results, and 18 F-FDG images showed important value as reference.

Key words:
Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic;  Catheter ablation;  Alchohol, ethyl; Tomography, emission-computed, single-photon;  MIBI;  Deoxyglucose


In this work, we discuss two qualitative and two quantitative methods for similarity search for trajectories in R2 × T. The two qualitative methods that are discussed are the Double–Cross and the Twisted–Cross and the quantitative methods are the Frechet Distance and the Hausdorff Distance. Distance measures are very important in computer science, since they are, for example, used for similarity search, query by example and clustering. Before we start with this study, we will first take a look at the objects we like to compare: trajectories in R2×T. We will define and discuss them and give a definition and an algorithm to generalize these trajectories. Then we will give an explanation on how these different methods work, their differences and their similarities and their use in similarity search. The focus in this work, however, will be on the Frechet–based Distance for trajectories: a new distance measure, inspired by the Frechet Distance. We will give an algorithm for this new distance measure and we will prove that it stops and that it has an optimal running time. In the end, we will use the algorithm for the Frechet–based Distance to calculate similarities between different trajectories and we will use it for clustering. All these tests are performed with our own program, designed to test these algorithms, named Algorithmtester. We will see that the algorithm returns excellent results with very little computational time needed.


E-commerce is evolving as an innovative tool in a wide range of areas, and has changed the face of entrepreneurship by making them more efficient and dynamic. In this paper, the author firstly reviewed the current development of e-commerce and entrepreneurship, as well as existing opportunities and challenges in this field. This paper also combines both qualitative method (literature review) and quantitative method (questionnaire-based research) to explore the impact of e-commerce on the landscape of entrepreneurship. The findings of this study suggest that the development of e-commerce has triggered fundamental changes in entrepreneurial activities. It significantly promotes the entry of new start-ups and facilitates the growth of their businesses. Meanwhile, small- and medium-sized firms also encounter greater challenges when they try to adopt and implement e-commerce.


Democratic movements in South Korea, Taiwan and China (PRC) in the 1980s are interesting cases for comparison. Around the 1980s, Taiwan, South Korea and China broke out huge wave of democratic movement. In late the 1980s and 1990s, although once repressed, democratic movement in Taiwan and South Korea eventually propel their country to democracy but China, after the crackdown of democratization movement, still maintains an authoritarian regime and the claimed political reform is in stagnation. So why did the democratic movements under these three authoritarian regimes have such different results? This article mainly focuses on the factors that affect the outcome of democratic movement in Eastern Asian countries, arguing that a potent of middle class, the establishment of formal democracy and intimate relationship with the US are factors that are contributive to a democratic movement to propel the democratization process of a country. Key word: democratic movement, democratization, middle class, formal democracy, foreign relationship. Democratic Movement and Democratization in Eastern Asian Countries 1 Democratic Movement and Democratization in Eastern Asian Countries Democratic movements in Taiwan, South Korea and China (PRC) in the 1980s are interesting cases for comparison. Around the 1980s, Taiwan, South Korea and China broke out huge wave of democratic movement. In late the 1980s and 1990s, although once repressed, democratic movement in Taiwan and South Korea eventually propel their country to democracy but China, after the crackdown of democratization movement, still maintains an authoritarian regime and the claimed political reform is in stagnation. So why did the democratic movements under these three authoritarian regimes have such different results? More exactly, under this same cultural base of feudal autocratic traditional, why did the democratic movements in South Korea and Taiwan succeed but in China fail to propel democratization? This article mainly focuses on the factors that affect the outcome of democratic movement in Eastern Asian countries, arguing that a potent of middle class, the establishment of formal democracy and intimate relationship with the US are factors that are contributive to a democratic movement to propel the democratization process of a country. This topic of democratization is continuously discussed in academic field and I'd like to review some of them. Perhaps the most famous work on democratization is Samuel Huntington's (1991) The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. In Huntington's perspective, he attributes causes of democratization to five factors: the decrease of legitimacy of authoritarian regime, economic modernization, changes in Catholic Church, regional contingency factor and external factors. Although his theory above maybe more general and Democratic Movement and Democratization in Eastern Asian Countries 2 applicable when applying to other countries' democratization, here I want to emphasize are sub-reason of powerful middle class caused by economic modernization and external factors. For the cases I select, all these regimes' legitimacy were somewhat decreasing in 1980s. Although the religious factor did propel the democratization in South Korea, it is not obvious in Taiwan and China. Plus, the factor of regional contingency mainly concentrates on revolutions occurred in Eastern Europe, which is little involved in eastern Asian issues. So these three factors above are not significant in cases I want to focus. Paul G. Buchanan and Kate Nicholls (2003) put their concentration on labor force's impact on the democratization process of Taiwan and South Korea, by stating that labor movements is an aspect of resurrection of civil society asserting citizenship rights in both economic and political realm, which makes them to be a potential leading agent for the substantive democratization of civil and political society as a whole 1 . The influence exerted by labor force in democratization is apparent, and here, however, I want to attribute this impact as well as the development of civil society to modernization standard. In terms of external factors (international relations), Tao Wenzhao (2007) discussed the role of the US played during democratic movement in South Korea. He stated that the US is both a protector of South Korea's authoritarian government and a promoter of South Korea's democratization process 2 . As related literature and viewpoints mentioned above, three authoritarian regimes, after democratic movements, diverged to different ways. In response to the question I mentioned early, with an excerpt and combination of points I showed, I shall put forward my hypothesis: the 1 Paul G. Buchanan and Kate Nicholls, "Labor force and democratic transition in South Korea and Taiwan", Government and opposition, Vol. 38, No. 2, (2003):203 2 Tao Wenzhao, "United States Role in Korean Democracy", Northeast Asia Forum, Vol. 16, No. 6, (2007):67 Democratic Movement and Democratization in Eastern Asian Countries 3 success of democratic movement 3 in a particular country is determined by (1) the power of middle class, (2) its establishment of formal democracy and (3) its relationship with the US. To begin with, the strength of middle class is the crucial factor to decide the success or failure of a democratic movement. Demanding more economic and political interests in authoritarian regimes, middle class can be the cornerstone to support the democratic movement. If the middle class is not strong enough, no matter how fierce the democratic movement is, it will lead to the failure of the movement without broad support of middle class. Created by economic growth, middle class and its expansion in Taiwan and South Korea under authoritarian regime would become a power that pursues for political power and advocate for political participation, becoming the base of democratic movement. In contrast, democratic movement without the support of middle class (actually the population in middle class is rare in the late 1980s), like in China, will be unable to mobilize whole society to participate because vast majority of Chinese were peasants who do not care for their political status but for their harvest. The lack of middle class led to the failure of Chinese democratic movement. Secondly, the establishment of formal democracy is the guarantee for democracy to be implemented. Formal democracy is a state system that has in place superficial forms of democracy but is not actually managed democratically. Before achieving democratization, Taiwan and South Korea had formal democracy. On the surface, all officials are elected, but this election is strictly controlled by elites. However I think, even though the exercise of formal democracy is superficial, this superficial system can provide a legal basis and a justifiable reason for people to pursue and conduct further democratic movements and let the rulers have no reason 3 Here I define the success of the democratic movement as that the movement ultimately results in the beginning or completion of democratization. Democratic Movement and Democratization in Eastern Asian Countries 4 to deny them. If the rulers are against the democratic movement, they may lose the moral support and their own legitimacy. Both Taiwan and South Korea established formal democratic system first and then democratic movements promoted countries to democratization gradually. However in China, the organization of political institutions did not comply with the discipline of check and balance but under the rule of "proletariat dictatorship" or one-party autocracy. The lack of legislation of formal democracy gave Chinese authoritarian government the chance to deny democracy and weakened the justifiability of democratic movement in China. The relations with the US of related countries also affect their outcomes of democratic movement. Taiwan and South Korea are deeply influenced by the United States in their democratization process as they keep close relationship with the US. The US pressure imposed on them accelerated the democratization. On contrast, China followed the Soviet Union's authoritarian system and kept away from the US. Even though in the 1980s, China improved its relationship with the US, independence is the main foreign policy of China. Unlike Taiwan and South Korea, the influence from the US on China's domestic affairs is rare. In order to test my hypothesis,I will use small-N qualitative method to examine the cases of South Korea, Taiwan and China (PRC). The specific method will be comparative history and macro-casual analysis. At first I will review three countries' history context during years of democratization respectively. Then independent variables will be discussed. To analyze the strength of middle class, some descriptive data such as proportion of middle class in whole population will be shown. To see whether there was formal democracy, I will examine the legislation record and political system of related countries. With regard to relationships with the US, I will draw upon government's diplomatic situation in historical context. Then all these Democratic Movement and Democratization in Eastern Asian Countries 5 independent variables will analyzed to find whether it can propel the dependent variable—the success of democratic movement—or not, therefore testing my hypothesis. Over all, the article will be divided into six parts. The first part is here the introduction. Part 2 will be comparative history of three cases respectively which will introduce democratic movement history of Korea, Taiwan and China during around 1980s in turn. In part 3, factors of the strength of middle class, the establishment of formal democracy and the relationships with the US of the countries will be discussed in each case's literature by macro-casual analysis to figure out the relationship between these independent variables and dependent


We present an asymptomatic 51-year-old man who underwent a FDG-PET scan as a part of health checkup for cancer screening. The FDG-PET scan showed higher radioactivity in the left testis than in the right one and left testicular disorder was thus suspected. Following examinations of testes ruled out diseased left testis and revealed an atrophic right testis, which resulted in a decrease in FDG uptake and asymmetric picture. To our knowledge, testicular atrophy causing decrease in FDG uptake has not yet been reported. In reading a picture of asymmetric testicular FDG activity, the possibility of unilateral atrophic testis that absorbs less radioactivity should be kept in mind.


The key of applying wireless sensor networks in reality lies on how to find and use the service in time and with efficiency. Following the analysis of existing service discovery mechanism for wireless sensor networks,this paper proposes a service discovery mechanism based on cluster for wireless sensor networks. The mechanism dynamically selects cluster head nodes according to the comprehensive performance index. Service requests and service response in the list of cluster head are transmitted according to the priority levels. It can improve the performance of service discovery and the stability of system. The performance of simulations shows that it is better than those similar service discovery mechanisms proposed in hit ratio and delay.


Objective:To explore the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the energy metabolism in the hepatocytes by detecting NO production in the residual isolated hepatocyes of the rats undergoing partial hepatectomy. Methods:The rats were assigned to receive partial hepatectomy (PH group) and sham operation (control group). The residual hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase perfusion method and then cultured. The cultured hepatocytes were treated with cytokines,such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The productions of NO and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein were determined with Griess reagent method and Western blotting,respectively. The contents of nucleotide and ketone body in the hepatocytes were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and enzymatic method,respectively. The ketone body ratio (KBR) was calculated. Results:The production of NO in PH group was twice as many as that in control group. IL-1β decreased ATP content and KBR in the hepatocytes in both groups,and such decrements were more significant in PH group. When L-arginine was administered,the production of NO in the hepatocytes increased and ATP content and KBR decreased in PH group. NG-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA),an inhibitor of NOS,inhibited the production of NO and recuperated the decrement in ATP content and KBR. Conclusion:NO can promote the dysfunction of the mitochondria by inhibiting ATP synthesis in the hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy. The regulation of NO production may be an effective method for preventing the hepatic dysfunction after partial hepatectomy.


Hip-hop dance performance that different from using movements of section of the dancers .Hip-hop dance as a form of freedom of a dance that is not the erotic .Hip-hop dance in earlier times devoted to the house of men , but with modern day began to dance the development of hip-hop had much cache by local women .Many women prefer hip-hop compared to perform a dance performance .In indonesia non-formal hip-hop community dance have good break out everywhere in Jakarta, Semarang, Surabaya , Medan, Bandung. One of hip-hop dance community is Bandung Street Dance Community (BSDC).


Mice died 5 to 24 hours after having recovered from anesthesia with 4.5 per cent fluroxene in air. Mortality was related to duration of anesthesia. No mortality was observed after halothane anesthesia. Pretreatment with phenobarbital increased mortality after fluroxene anesthesia, while pretreatment with carbon tetrachloride decreased mortality. This suggests that the toxic substance is not fluroxene itself but a metabolite, possibly trifluoroethanol.


By anatomical study of the innervation of the kidneys on 11 corpses, P.V. Grigoriev (Tr. I Congress of Khir. North Caucasus. Territory) determined that the kidney is supplied with its branches by the sympathetic and vagus nerves.


This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mental disorders caused drug dependency and substance abuse in hospitalized patients of Farabi Hospital in Kermanshah City. The study method was retrospective descriptive. The research population and statistical sample consisted all of patients with mental disorders and hospitalized drug abuse in Farabi Psychiatric Hospital in 2012 which 359 patients (325 male and 29 female) were selected. Data collection was based on the archived records. Finally, data collected by SPSS software, version 19, using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) were analyzed by chi-square test. The mean age of patients with psychiatric disorders was 31.44, which 90.5 of them was male with the education level of primary school to high school (58.8 percent). The highest rate of abused drug was related to Shisha (82.5%). Single people abused drug more than married people. There was not a significant relationship between tramadol, methadone and Shisha, while there was a significant relationship between abuse of opium and heroin. Men aged 26 to 35 had the largest population of drug dependence and psychosis with hallucinations was seen in most cases and the duration of Shisha abuse in most of cases was higher. Since there is a close relationship between mental disorders and drug abuse so it is recommended that by proper and timely diagnosis, effective actions done to treat drug addicts.


The p-methoxybenzyl protecting group (PMB) on various alcohols and an acid was efficiently and selectively cleaved by the action of a catalytic amount of silver(I) hexafluoroantimonate combined with 0.5 equiv of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene in dichloromethane at 40 °C.


Diane L. Cassidy EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP OF ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS RELATED TO EATING DISORDERS 2002/2003 Dr. James A. Haugh Master of Arts in Applied Psychology and Mental Health Counseling The purpose of the current study was to explore the cross-sectional relationship between personality, interpersonal problems, coping, and eating disorder symptomology. Participants were undergraduate students at a public university. Results indicated that personality was the strongest predictor of risk factors associated with eating disorders. Neuroticism was the strongest predictor, followed by conscientiousness, extroversion, and agreeableness. Interpersonal and coping factors significantly predicted only four risk factors associated with eating disorders. Specifically, interpersonal problems related to being cold/distant, socially inhibited, and self-sacrificing, and the coping factors of emotional social support, acceptance, denial, and instrumental social support were all significant predictors. Implications for future research exploring the etiology, prevention, and treatment of eating disorders are discussed. Acknowledgements The author thanks Dr. James A. Haugh for serving as advisor and editor for this research project, as well as to Dr. Mary Louise Kerwin for serving as secondary reader and for providing some valuable suggestions along the way. Also, thanks to Dr. Jay Kuder for the program development funding for the purchase of a psychological test that was administered in this study. Finally, the author thanks all those who participated in the study.


Taking public-listed companies in Hubei as the samples of this empirical study,a multiple linear regression model is constructed to examine the relations between capital structure and agency cost.A conclusion is made that the shareholding ratio of the first majority stockholder has negative relations with the agency cost;the shareholding ratio of management layer has no prominent linear relationship with the agency cost;debt financing plays an unobvious role in decreasing the agency cost.In order to reduce the agency cost and upgrade the capital structure,public-listed companies in Hubei should increase the shareholding ratio of major shareholders in proper manners,enforce stock right incentives and appropriate debt financing ratio.


On October 1, 2019, the 70 anniversary of the People's Republic of China (PRC) will be the occasion for a new military parade in Beijing. While the publication of the White Paper on national defence in July 2019 aimed to highlight a certain degree of transparency and warn against separatism, this parade will highlight Chinese military power, at a time when SinoAmerican relations are deteriorating and international arms control treaties are being called into question. As the Chinese authorities have already announced, the parade will be the largest in the history of the PRC.


Peer Review Prosiding : Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Betok Fish (Anabas testudineus) from Swamp Water in South Sumatera, Indonesia


The process of informatisation of extremist activity is becoming a serious challenge to international security, which leads to increase in the negative effect spreading of radical and violent ideas in political struggle. UN calls all actors to search of effective methods of counteracting extremist activity, which should provide comprehensive communication in order to build trust between various social institutions and networks. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization engages in resisting extremism as key areas of activity, and the policy in the field of countering extremism has received separate legal support. The SCO offers a preventive approach to resist extremism: the use of the media and the Internet as a tool for propaganda against extremist ideas, promoting patriotic ideas and educating young people. In this context, the authors of the study applied the methods of the case approach to assess the quality and effectiveness of the Shanghai policy to counter extremism activity. Using a comparative analysis of the quantitative data SEO metrics of the SCO's resources on the Internet and social networks. The study showed that today, the SCO's anti-extremist activities have not been able to go beyond declarative settings. The Organization's activity on the Internet and social networks is limited to a purely informative one, and the number of subscribers, the content and the frequency of updating the content cannot have any noticeable positive agenda or counter-narratives effect. The SCO youth policy as an element of counter-extremist activity has similar shortcomings listed above.


A kind of fan-sprayer of mine wind-water atomizing aspirating device was designed.Its mani character is to integrate fan with sprayer.The principles of disintegrated atomization and impact atomization were analyzed.Spraying angle and rake angle of tooth were calcnlated.Designing requirement of parameters of atomizing teeth was analyzed,which supplied theory for design of fan-sprayer and atomizing teeth.


Background— Capsule endoscopy (CE) is performed to assess inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to define results of CE in subtypes of IBD and to determine whether CE results in management changes. Methods— A retrospective cohort study was performed of all CEs for IBD at a tertiary care center from 2003-2009. Descriptive statistics were used to compare IBD specific medications, surgeries and imaging studies in the 3 months prior and 3 months after CE. Results— Of 907 CEs performed from 2003-2009, 128 were for an indication of symptomatic IBD and 124 capsules left the stomach (86 for Crohn's disease (CD), 15 for indeterminate colitis (IC), 23 for pouchitis). Only 22.1% of CEs done for CD were normal, as compared to 53.3% for IC and 34.8% for pouchitis. Severe findings in CD consisted of multiple aphthae/ulcers (22.1%), stenosis (8.1%) and stenosis with immediate retention (17.4%). In CD, 61.6% had a change in medication in the 3 months after the CE, with 39.5% initiating a new IBD medication; most commonly budesonide or corticosteroids. In the 3 months following CE, 12.8 % of patients with CD underwent surgery. Severe findings on CE in patients with CD, as compared to no/minimal findings, resulted in significant differences in medication changes (73.2% vs. 51.1%, p=0.04), addition of medications (58.5% vs. 22.2%, p<0.01), and surgeries (21.9% vs. 4.4%, p=0.01). CE results in management changes in the majority of cases of symptomatic IBD, regardless of the specific CE findings or the subtype of IBD.


Four small tributaries of the Galena River Madden Branch tributary, Pats Creek, Apple River, and Madden Branch that drain nonpoint agricultural sources and that receive no significant point-source discharges were monitored from October 1980 through September 1982 to determine water quality. Streamflow in the tributaries during the 1981 water year was about 25 percent below normal and, during the 1982 water year, about 38 percent above normal. Precipitation in the basin was near the 30-year normal during the 2-year study period. The yields of suspended solids, volatile solids, total phosphorus, and ammonia plus organic nitrogen during the 1982 water year were at least twice the yields of the 1981 water year. The greatest suspended-solids yield was 740 tons per square mile from Madden Branch tributary. The greatest yields of volatile solids (70.8 tons per square mile), total phosphorus (2,289 pounds per square mile), and ammonia plus organic nitrogen (8,529 pounds per square mile), were from Madden Branch. The lowest annual yields of suspended solids, volatile solids, total phosphorus, and ammonia plus organic nitrogen for both years were from the Apple River. Concentrations of many constituents were very high during runoff periods. The highest concentration of ammonia nitrogen 12 mg/L (milligrams per liter) measured during the study period was in Pats Creek during spring runoff, February 21, 1982. The highest concentration of total phosphorus, 17 mg/L, was measured in Madden Branch tributary during a storm on July 10, 1982. The storm of July 10 exceeded a 100-year recurrence interval of a 1-hour storm intensity for the area. Dissolved-oxygen concentration sags were noted at three of the monitoring stations during surface runoff. Although not all observed sags caused instream dissolved oxygen to fall to critical levels, one such decline was associated with a fishkill at Pats Creek. In that instance, highly oxidizable material with a biochemical-oxygen demand of 27 milligrams per liter was sampled at peak discharge; 16 hours later, the dissolved oxygen had dropped to 1.2 milligrams per liter. Concentrations of many constituents exceeded State and Federal water-quality standards. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations were lower than the minimum State standard on numerous occasions at all sites except Madden Branch tributary. Most phosphorus concentrations during periods of surface runoff at all sites exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards. Concentrations of ammonia nitrogen potentially exceeded the Wisconsin State standard only once at Pats Creek.


The effects of nano-MoS2 as additive and CTAB modified MOS2 as additive on the properties and mechanism of Lithium Grease were investigated. The maximum bite-free load (PB), sintering load (PD), cone penetration, Shear Stability, drop point and Steel Mesh separation of grease were tested according to the performance test standard of Grease Quality Index. The effects of nano-MoS2 and CTAB on the physical and chemical properties of lithium-based Grease were studied by comparing the physical and chemical data of three samples: lithium-based Grease without additives, lithium-based grease with nano-MoS2 and lithium-based grease with CTAB. The surface structure of nano-MoS2 modified by CTAB was analyzed by Scanning electron microscope method. The results showed that CTAB was uniformly adhered to the surface of nano-MoS2, and the surface energy of nano-MoS2 was decreased, it helps to disperse the grease more evenly and stably. The results show that CTAB can modify the surface of MOS2 and reduce the surface energy of MOS2, and the surface energy of MOS2 can be decreased by using Fourier infrared scanner. Combining the physical and chemical properties of the Lithium Grease with the SEM and Fourier infrared scanning data, the nano-MoS2 modified by CTAB as additive can improve the performance of lubricating grease better than nano-MoS2 without surface modification, and disperse in lubricating grease more evenly and stably, thus, the colloidal structure of the lubricating grease is more stable.


The use of Resolution Enhancement Technologies (RET) is becoming mainstream for sub-wavelength lithography processes. Optical tools will not likely meet the process requirements for sub-130nm designs on their own. Different RET are being explored and in some cases, heavily used in order to improve the process window of sub-wavelength imaging. Model-based OPC, sub-resolution assist feature and phase shift masks are some of the most common RET Methods used to achieve production-worthy imaging. Every RET has its own limitations and advantages for every specific one. Some designs will not be able to be subjected to a specific RET because the layout is not friendly to it. Manual redesign of such layouts becomes intractable for very complex design with multiple cell attractive from the process integration point of view. By analysis standard cell libraries from an RET compliance attractive from the process integration point of view. By analysis standard cell libraries from an RET compliance perspective, it is possible to envision a methodology that can find the most RET-friendly design while maintaining the functional specification of every cell. This investigation focuses on sub-resolution assist features, alternating phase shift masks and double dipole. For most common RET approaches, minimum spacing, placement, width and feature geometry can be extracted from the RET compliance analysis. Later, a set of enhanced design rules that incorporate RET specific constraints is used to re-derive the optimal feature arrangement within the cells, until the cell meets the level of RET compliance defined by the user. Eventually, the process can be extended to ful layout compliance when all the interactions between individual cells is accounted for, and modified accordingly. The advantage of having RET compliant cell sis that during lace and route, the use can concentrate on optimizing global placement parameters instead of focusing on each individual cell. The final results will depend on the user requirements and acceptable parameters of ear, power, manufacturability, etc. This a general flow that is able to generate cells that meet electrical and manufacturing specifications and it is flexible enough to accommodate every existing RET.


Poverty is a complex issue that is influenced by a variety of interrelated factors, such as
income levels, unemployment, health, education, access to goods and services, location,
geography, gender, and neighborhood locations. This study aims to analyze how and how much
influence variables Gross Domestic Product and the Human Development Index variables
against Poverty in Indonesia in 2004-2013. The method of analysis in this study using multiple
linear regression analysis with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) that uses data between space (cross
section) Indonesia Year 2004-2013 with SPSS 15.0. The results of this study indicate that the
variable Human Development Index (HDI) and significant positive effect on poverty in
Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product and significant negative effect on poverty in Indonesia.
Keywords: Human Development Index, Gross Domestic Product, Poverty


In India the metal casting industry has been catering to a large market including agriculture and forestry, automotive and so on in the casting of engines, accessories and also to the export market. Consequently, there are enormous amounts of sand being removed from the casting cycle. To prevent further damage to the environment caused by disposal of this sand, more efficient and environment friendly methods are to be adopted. This sand has found its use in a wide range of applications ranging from agriculture to construction. Use of foundry sand in these fields has proved to be beneficial in waste disposal, in energy saving and so on. Foundry sand is a byproduct from the ferrous and non-ferrous metal casting industry. Foundry sand obtained from the latter has been found to contain heavy metals in them. Most heavy metals are well known carcinogenic agents and pose a hazardous impact to life and hence must be treated to permissible limits. Bacterial methods involving the use of bacteria such as Bacillus has proved to be effective in the treatment of heavy metals such as Aluminium and Nickel present in the sands by reducing their concentration as much as 50% to 90%.