HD~69479/80 is a composite-spectrum binary whose components are a late-G giant and an early-A dwarf. The orbit has a period of only 91 days
(which seems short for a system containing a cool giant with a radius of $\sim$13 solar radii), and a very small, but probably significantly non-zero, eccentricity. We separated the component spectra by a procedure of spectral subtraction, using a standard single giant spectrum as a template, and found the closest match to the spectrum of the cool component to be that of 15~Cyg (G8\,III). We measured the radial velocity of the secondary component from each uncovered spectrum, solved the SB2 orbit for the system, and derived a mass ratio $m_1$\,/\,$m_2$ of 1.318. Fitting synthetic spectra to the spectra of the secondary component indicated a \teff~of 9250\,K, {\it log}\,g = 3.75, and a rotational velocity of $\sim$90\,\kms. We determined the difference in absolute magnitude, $\delta$V, between the component stars to be 1.07 mag, the late-type component being the brighter; we could thence calculate radii and luminosities for both components, plot their H--R diagram positions, and fit evolutionary tracks. The best-fitting tracks indicated masses of 2.9\,\msun~for the giant and 2.2\,\msun~for the dwarf, which was fully in keeping with the mass ratio given by the SB2 orbit. The track for the dwarf star confirms that this component has begun to evolve away from the ZAMS. Fitting the corresponding isochrone to those H--R diagram positions indicated a log\,(age) of the system of approximately 8.60 Gyr since the cool star evolved from the ZAMS, which is a little younger than the ages deduced for many cool giants. We also detected the $\lambda$\,6707-A~lithium line in the spectrum of the giant component, thus adding to the evidence that it is near the start of its primary ascent of the red-giant branch.


Mo(superscript 6+) doped and Ag loaded TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using sol-gel and photo-catalytic reduction methods. The photocatalytic activity of Mo(superscript 6+) doped and Ag loaded TiO2 nanoparticles were studied by some experiments for the decomposition of Acid Red 3R under visible light. In the present paper, compared with 2.0% (mass fraction) Ag loaded and 4.5% Mo(superscript 6+) doped TiO2 and pure TiO2 as well as only Mo doped or only Ag loaded TiO2, effects of the amounts of Mo6doped and Ag loaded and calcination temperature on the performance of Mo(superscript 6+) doped and Ag loaded TiO2 were studied. The results show that Ag/Mo(superscript 6+)/TiO2 catalysts exhibits higher photocatalytic activity than only Mo6 doped and only Ag loaded TiO2, because of Mo doped and Ag loaded at the same time result in red shifting of the TiO2 absorption boundary and increasing of the absorption intensities. The optimal amount of Mo6 doped and Ag loaded were 4.5% and 2%, respectively. The optimal calcination temperature was 500 C. When Acid Red 3R was decomposed by Ag/Mo(superscript 6+)/TiO2 catalysts after 7 h, the degradation rate of Acid Red 3R was 87.6%.


Ellipse detection has a very wide range of applications in the field of industrial production, especially in the geometric detection of metallurgical hinge pins. However, the factors in industrial images, such as small object size and incomplete ellipse in the image boundary, bring challenges to ellipse detection, which cannot be solved by existing methods. This paper proposes a method for ellipse detection in industrial images, which utilizes the extended proposal operation to prevent the loss of ellipse rotation angle features during ellipse regression. Moreover, the Gaussian angle distance conforming to the ellipse axioms is adopted and combined with smooth L1 loss as the ellipse regression loss function to enhance the prediction accuracy of the ellipse rotation angle. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on the hinge pins dataset, with experiment results showing an AP* of 80.93% and indicating superior detection performance compared to other methods. It is thus suitable for engineering applications and can provide visual guidance for the precise measurement of ellipse-like mechanical parts.


PAGE "OPEN CHOICE " METHIOD FOR PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PATIENTS: SUCCESS OF NEWCASTLE EXPERIMENT ... 125 INSURANCE MEDICAL SERVICE WEEK BY WEEK ... 126 CURRENT NOTES: REVUE INTERNATIONALE ... ... ... ... ... 127 CORRESPONDENCE: NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE V. SOCIETY FINANCE. 127 FILLING IN RECORD CARDS ... ... ... ... 128 MEETINGS OF BRANCHES AND DIVISIONS... ... 128 NAVAL AND MILITARY APPOINTMENTS ... ... ... 131 PAGE


Films can be a source of inspiration to travel and influence imaginings about travel (Frost, 2010; Frost and Laing, 2015). This paper analyses the depiction of long-distance walking as an activity that promotes healing in The Way (2010); a film about pilgrims on the Camino Way in Spain. The motif of redemption is used to understand this cinematic narrative. It is the third pillar of 'the Christian eschatological narratives of sin, sacrifice and redemption' (Taylor, 2001: 10), but also a common element in many sacred stories (McAdams et al., 2001), where the sinner atones for what they have done and is released from or cleansed of their sin. The redemption narrative sequence depicts something positive resulting from adversity and is thus a story of hope (McAdams et al., 2001). Even though the protagonist in The Way begins the journey with the intention of walking solo, grieving for the deatn of his son, it is his encounters with various people along the way that shapes his experience and ultimately provides him with a renewed sense of purpose and meaning in his life. We conclude with a consideration of the practical and theoretical implications of these findings.


Most of the current cryptography is based on modulo computing with predefined public and private keys. The robustness of this approach is controlled by the size of the prime divider. The encryption and decryption processes of this modulo computing are rather fast and rather robust to any attack. However, it is still possible to crack the encrypted message by using meta-heuristic algorithm, very high performance parallel machines, and also quantum computing concept. This thesis takes another approach in order to enhance the robustness of encrypted messages by deploying the structure of a feedforward neural network with augmented secret dimensions concurred by both sender and receiver. The network structure can be adjusted to make it difficult to guess. The proposed concept differs from weight synchronization and weight representation of the encrypted message. The text message is the main concern of this study. However, the proposed concept can be extended to cope with other forms of input messages. The experimental results showed the robustness of encrypted messages against attacks by using cryptanalysis. The space and time complexities of the network and process are discussed.


The seven defendants had agreed to rob the victim. In the course of carrying out their plan, the victim received fatal stab wounds. The defendants were all convicted of murder on the basis of the felony murder rule, which was part of the law of Barbados at the time. The three defendants who were over 18 were sentenced to death in accordance with s. 2 of the Offences against the Person Act 1868, which provided that that sentence was mandatory for those convicted of murder. The remaining defendants were sentenced to be detained at Her Majesty's pleasure in accordance with s. 14 of the Juvenile Offenders Act 1932. HELD, DISMISSING THE APPEALS AGAINST CONVICTION, that the felony murder rule was valid within the constitution, as its elements were sufficiently certain to define the offence of murder to which s. 2 of the 1868 Act referred. The mandatory death sentences were valid, following Boyce v The Queen [2004] UKPC 32, [2005] 1 AC 400. However, the sentences of detention at Her Majesty's pleasure were unlawful as determination of the length of the sentence lay with the executive, which violated both the separation of powers embedded in the constitution and the principle that determination of the length of a sentence was a matter for the courts. The Privy Council used its power under s. 4(1) of the Barbados Independence Order to amend s. 4 of the Juvenile Offenders Act 1932 to require that the length of the sentence should be determined by the court. The cases of those sentenced under the 1932 Act would be remitted to the High Court of Barbados for resentencing in the light of the Privy Council's ruling.


M ETHODS of measuring fish during fishery investigations have shown a marked lack of uniformity in recent years. Although standard length was used almost ugiversally in earlier studies, many investigators are now turning to total or fork length instead of standard length.1 The principal advantage of standard length is that much of the data now available on many fisheries is expressed in that dimension. Also, many investigators believe it to be more representative of the actual size of the fish than are other measurements. However, Royce (1942) indicated that total length is more representative of weight than is standard length. The present study fails to substantiate this finding. Standard length is not as easy to measure in the field as are fork or total lengths because it is difficult to determine the exact point of the body at which it is to be measured. The present study indicates that total length can be measured more accurately than standard length. Fork and total lengths also have an advantage in that they are commonly used by commercial and sport fishermen, whereas standard length is usually understood only by scientific workers. Total length is more widely used than fork length. This investigation was undertaken to determine which type of measurement can be made most accurately and which is most closely correlated with weight. Three species of fishes, Pomoxis nigro-maculatus (Le Sueur), Perca flavescens (Mitchill) and Stizostedion vitreum vitreum (Mitchill), were examined and each sample included from 98 to 150 specimens covering a wide range of sizes.2 Fish were placed flat on the measuring board so that the tip of the snout or jaw with the mouth closed was firmly against the end board. The following measurements were then recorded to the nearest millimeter for each fish:


Objective: To determine northwestern Ohio patient and parent concerns, beliefs, and knowledge of HPV vaccination, where they received this information, acceptance of vaccination for themselves and their children, and whether there are differences in location (rural vs. urban) Method: Paper questionnaire distributed in pediatric and family medicine offices in Norwalk and Toledo, Ohio, from February-April 2009. Results: There is a lack of knowledge in this area regarding Gardasil, although there were no concerns in 92.9% of participants about cost, safety, efficacy, or effect on sexual behavior. This did not differ based on location or practice setting. Most (62.9%) did not want the vaccine for themselves, but 64.1% did for their children. Also, 65.3% received their HPV information from the media. Conclusions: Respondents are neither informed nor concerned about Gardasil. The majority do not want the vaccine for themselves although they do want the vaccine for their children.


Functional analysis of mass balances on gas and liquid, and pressure drop equations describing the concurrent flow in packed beds has yielded two criteria. Positive values of these criteria has been shown sufficient to achieve energy savings by synchronized periodic pulsations of inlet gas and liquid velocities or by liquid velocity only compared to the situation under the same mean steady inlet phase velocities. This, however, is not the case of pulsation by gas inlet velocity alone. The developed criteria have been evaluated from data obtained by experimental measurement of liquid holdup and gas pressure drop in a column 0.05 m in diameter packed to 1 m by 0.003 m glass spheres using water/air and toluene/air system. Our experiments showed these criteria to be fulfilled in the whole domain of gas and liquid velocities tested. Evaluation of the energy savings under pulsations relative to the steady state operation showed that the savings for water/air system may reach up to 4% with the maximum in region of high and intermediate liquid velocities and low gas velocities. For the toluene/air system the savings are somewhat lower and occur in the same velocity domain.


To seek the origins of Gray codes is to peer farther into the past than 1947. As mentioned in our note, the structure of our counter was suggested by the "Chinese rings" puzzle; the codes themselves can describe solutions to the "Tower of Hanoi" puzzle (see our [4]). More recent uses of the unitdistance principle may also be found.4


The mutagenicity of 3'-methyl-N, N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene (3'-Me-DAB) and 3'-CH2OH-DAB, potent hepatocarcinogens, was examined. Microsomal and cytosolic fractions from rat, mouse, hamster, rabbit, and human livers were used for metabolic activation, with Salmonella typhimurium TA100 or TA98 as a tester strain. The mutagenicity of both aminoazo dyes mediated by liver microsomes from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)-induced rats was markedly enhanced by addition of the hepatic cytosol ; it was also enhanced by addition of the hepatic cytosol from uninduced rats and phenobarbital-or 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-induced rats. Similar mutagenesis enhancement was produced by cytosols from PCB-induced mice, hamsters, or female rats. The cytosols from rabbit and human liver enhanced the mutagenicity of 3'-CH2OH-DAB but not that of 3'-Me-DAB. Heating of the cytosol from uninduced rat liver to 55°C for 15 min caused a loss of most of the enhancement activity ; at 40°C, it was stable. About 30% of the enhancement activity for both aminoazo dyes was lost upon dialysis for 24h at 4°C. Protein fractions with the aminoazo dye mutagenicity-enhancing activity were obtained from the dialyzed cytosol by gel filtration through Sephadex G-100 ; the protein fraction with the greatest activity, representing an approximately 3-fold increase in specific activity, was assigned a molecular weight of 43000-47500. This protein preparation enhanced microsome-mediated mutagenesis by 3'-hydroxymethyl-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene and o-aminoazotoluene but not that by 3-MC, benzo [a] pyrene, or dimethylnitrosamine.


The present invention relates to a finger acupressure device and a control method thereof. More specifically, according to the present invention, the finger acupressure device can include: a finger accepting unit which provides a space in which a finger can be placed; at least one acupressure needle which is to pressurize a certain area on a finger placed in the finger accepting unit; and a control unit which controls the repetition of a first movement of the acupressure needle toward a first position where the finger accepting unit is placed and a second movement away from the first position. According to the present invention, it is possible to perform acupressure effectively on fingers having different sizes, apply stimulus to acupoints of each finger effectively, and accordingly make functions of body parts perform well according to the characteristics of each acupoint.


Tuberculosis is a leading infectious disease that has infected one‐third of the world's population and is more prevalent among people belonging to developing countries such as India and China. In the present study, a series of substituted oxymethylene‐cyclo‐1,3‐diones was synthesized and screened for anti‐tuberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (M. tuberculosis). The compounds were synthesized by condensation of 1,3‐cyclicdione, substituted phenols/ alcohols and triethyl orthoformate. The synthesized compounds were screened for anti‐tuberculosis activity against M.tuberculosis H37Rv using Middlebrook 7H9 broth assay. Results demonstrated that among the synthesized library of molecules, two compounds 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenoxymethylene)‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1,3‐dione and 5,5‐dimethyl‐2‐(2‐trifluoromethylphenoxymethylene)cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione were found to be most active against M. tuberculosis (MICs of 1.25 μg/mL−1). The MICs of 2‐(2,4‐difluoro‐phenoxymethylene)‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1,3‐dione and 2‐(2‐bromophenoxymethylene)‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1,3‐dione were found to be 5 and 10 μg mL−1, respectively. Data from the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that all the four most active compounds did not exhibit cytotoxicity against human cell lines. Molecular docking studies revealed that the most active compound targets mycobacterial InhA enzyme. In summary, the present study demonstrates the methodology for the synthesis of oxymethylene‐cyclo‐1,3‐diones and identified two potential anti‐tuberculosis compounds.


A new and simple apparatus for the measurement of the capacities of electrolytic cells has been developed, which allows corrections to be made for the leakage and self-depolarisation of the cell. It gives results consistent to one or two per cent., and of the same order magnitude as those obtained by other observers.


A method for the determination of imidacloprid involving hydrolysis in
basic medium followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and
selected ion monitoring was developed. The hydrolysis product which was
extracted with chloroform was found to be suitable for gas chromatographic
analysis. Further, clean-up is not necessary using the selected ion
monitoring mode. [
 2
H
 10
]Anthracene was used as an
internal standard. The applicable concentration range was 12.5–250.0
µg kg
 -

 1
, the detection limit was 2.5 µg
kg
 -

 1
 (98 pg) and the relative standard
deviation at the 125.0 µg kg
 -

 1
 level was
0.7%. The method was applied to the determination of the imidaclorpid in
vegetable samples (tomato, cucumber, pepper and green beans). Recovery
levels were between 94.3% and 105.8%.


Foucault's work on the museum is partial and fragmentary but provides an interesting opportunity through which to explore issues of power, subjectivity and imagination. Following a discussion of Deleuze's reading of Foucault and his introduction of the issue of diagram as a way of understanding the discursive and visual operation of power, the paper explores some of Foucault's work from the period around 1967–9 on the non-relation to consider how he engaged with the question of seeing/saying that Deleuze identifies as a key problematic in his work. Through analysis of Foucault's discussions of the themes of the outside, heterotopia and the work of the painter Manet, in the context of the museum, the paper explores how power operating through the diagram of the museum allows us to understand the space of imagination as one in which subjectivity is constituted.


The government of Malaysia has introduced several national policies to facilitate industrialisation and technology development in the country throughout the years. However, the effectiveness of this policy in facilitating technology transfer has never be measured quantitatively. The objective of this paper is to review the evolution of Malaysia's technology transfer model and process since Malaysia gained its independence. This paper will look into the past and current national policies that have facilitated the technology transfer process in the country. A literature review was conducted on various frequently used technology transfer model since 1940s and compare it to the technology transfer process evolution in the country. From the analysis, the national policies introduced over the years have a direct and indirect effect on the technology transfer process in the country. However, the effectiveness of technology transfer model that was facilitated by the policy was never measured quantitatively. Further study needs to be conducted in measuring the efficiency of the technology transfer process that facilitated by a specific policy introduced by the government. The factors and subfactors affecting the technology transfer process facilitated by this specific policy also need to be identified so that further improvement can be proposed.


Generally, different companies use distinct software development process. Due to it, OMG has specified an architecture to can define a software development process. This architecture uses a metamodel which is able to be abstracted from particular characteristics and to give the possibility of defining the different software development processes. The Software Process Engineering Metamodel (SPEM) is a metamodel used for describing a concrete software development process. Also, the OMG specify a standardized language to model business processes. This language is called Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN).

In this paper, a formalization of transformations between SPEM and BPMN is specified. The transformations are done using the language of formal specification RSL.

One time that we obtain a BPMN specification, it is possible to generate XPDL code or BPEL code. The workflow technology can use this code and execute the process. It allows automate the business process, but in this case, the process is a software development process. Consider that workflow technologies automate, totally or partially, the business processes enabling an interaction between men and machines, under an established set of procedural rules. Such technologies use standard languages, like BPEL or XPDL, to specify the business process which is executed in a workflow engine. The BPMN allows to generate BPEL or XPDL codes. Therefore, if we specify a software development process using SPEM, we will automate this process using the workflow technology due to transformations between SPEM and BPMN done in this paper.


Overt autoimmune hemolytic anemia in association with cancer other than leukemia and lymphoma is rare. This paper records the first case of Coombs' positive hemolytic anemia associated with colon cancer. A 49‐year‐old woman suffered from severe anemia and mild icterus. The prominent hemolysis was not suppressed by steroid treatment. The direct and indirect Coombs' test was positive. She died five months after the onset of her illness. No metastases were present. Reticuloendothelial hyperplasia and hemosiderosis of the bone marrow, the spleen, and the liver were marked.


The invention relates to a method for calibrating a camera unit (3) of a motor vehicle (1), with a projecting a predetermined pattern (6) in a region (7) of the motor vehicle (1) by means of a headlamp (4) of the motor vehicle (1), with an optical sensing in the region (7) of the motor vehicle (1) projected predeterminable pattern (6) by means of the camera unit (3) and with an automated calibration of the camera unit (3), taking account of the optically detected pattern (6) in order for the camera unit (3) of the motor vehicle (1) over an extended period of time, in particular the life of the motor vehicle (1), across a predetermined image quality and / or predetermined accuracy in the image acquisition to achieve.


In this article, the author aims to develop a macro level understanding of home education and its research in China. The author analyzes the background, the reasons of revival, special features, and major contents of home education research in the late 70's and early 80's of the 20th century, and explores the development in the succeeding three decades, 1980s, the 90's and the beginning of the 21st century.


Invited for the cover of this issue is Yasuhiro Morisaki at Kwansei Gakuin University together with the group of Yoshiki Chujo at Kyoto University. The image depicts the circularly polarized luminescence of the dendrimer films described in their Full Paper. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201504270.


The automatic ball balancer is an equipment used to balance a rotor system online and control its forced vibration.Although a rotor system is a nonlinear system actually,especially,there are nonlinear elastic restoring forces in its supports of rolling element bearings,many studies focus on linear rotor systems at present.A Jeffcott rotor with unsymmetrical nonlinear restoring forces was studied here.Through solving theoretically and simulating numerically,its principal resonance response and stability when the rotor system was controlled by the balancer with two balls were studied,the vibration characteristics and dynamic laws of the rotor and balls within many rotating speed regions were analyzed.The results showed that the balancer can suppress the principal resonances of the nonlinear rotor system within a high rotating speed region very well.


As from the 70´s, several areas of knowledge begin their interest for the study of environmental issues. Psychology proceeds to investigate the human aspects related to the environmental problems, since most of them are, in fact, human-environmental problems. This article has as objective to bring about a theoretical discussion of the contributions of the psychology for the environmental theme, more specifically about the contribution of the environmental psychology in the context of work organizations and in the implementation of Environmental Management Systems. The relevance of this discussion contributes for the reflection about the deployment of the practices of environmental management in the organizations and the need of behavior changes inside. Besides that, the development of a new positioning of management and workers with regard to environmental issues is pointed out. The environmental psychology, considered as a sub-subject of the Social Psychology, with its applied knowledge and theoretical body consolidated, is presented as a possibility for interdisciplinary research and professional performance.


Low's excellent ethnographic study of the behaviour of gated community residents is based on eight years of research in several gated communities in the United States. She sets out to discover why people choose to live in such communities, and offers a nuanced account of the myriad motivations behind their residential choices, and the subsequent behaviour of residents, seeking to link individual psychology to social outcomes. The rapid growth of gated communities and collective homeowners associations has resulted in them becoming the dominant form of residential development in areas of the United States and emerging evidence suggests that such developments are increasing in many other countries. This study is therefore important beyond the United States in identifying why in Low's phrase gated communities 'become a viable and socially acceptable option' (p17) and how these developments are symbolic of changes in social cohesion, municipal governance structures, concepts of urban citizenship and the 'spatial governmentality' of cities. Low uses her book's chapters to discuss the various catalysts leading households to live in such communities, including the quest for 'community', fears of crime (incorporating an interesting comparative case study from Mexico City), the security of children and fears of others (including in the US context a strong racial dimension). She also provides a chapter on retirement communities, which is useful given debates about whether sheltered and other forms of supported housing should be included within definitions of gated communities. She makes a convincing argument for how architecture influences our ideas of society, and how gated communities provide new social and spatial sites for the re-articulation and enforcement of middle-class norms. Low correctly recognises that security is only one component of the bundle of attributes these communities are perceived to offer, and identifies the particular importance of the maintenance of property values. Although it is beyond the scope of her study, it is also instructive to read the seminal work of McKenzie (1994) on the role of developers, and to consider how their marketing strategies, based upon discourses of security, exclusivity and protected financial investment, contribute to the growth of demand. Less convincing is Low's assertion of the centrality of the desire of residents to return to a sense of security and safety associated with childhood, which for this reviewer over-attributed the extent to which positive early years experiences would be held in common amongst affluent residents. It would also have been informative to explore in greater depth the extent to which gated community residents were aware of, and concerned about, how their own actions were contributing to wider social segregation. Such concerns were found in a recent study of gated communities in England (Atkinson et al., 2004), and suggest caution in identifying disengaged self-interest as the defining characteristic of gated community residents. One of the most important contributions Low makes is to set gated communities within a wider context of boundary consciousness, in which these communities provide many of the same features and benefits of nongated suburban developments. Thus gates make boundaries 'more visible and psychologically salient', but exacerbate, rather than generate, existing social schisms. As such gated communities are a physical manifestation of the outcomes of social ordering identified by Bourdieu and others in which distinction is attained through the use of economic, cultural, social and symbolic capital by powerful groups, added to the social and spatial governance of urban areas that conceal, displace and regulate people. The focus on gated communities should not therefore distract from wider processes of social segregation and conflict, particularly in relation to Beck's work on the uneven distribution of societal risks between affluent and deprived individuals. Low's narrative is noteworthy for her candid drawing on her own life experiences, and a willingness to reveal the influences on her own perceptions which is often lacking in other academic accounts that strive for detachment, and such an approach illuminates the particular lens through which her account is constructed, strengthening, rather than detracting from, the validity of the study. She also reveals an empathy with her interviewees, alongside reporting residents' verbatim narratives at considerable length, which enables a sympathetic and rich treatment of their complex motivations. This research makes an important contribution to the study of the behaviour and moral codes of very affluent individuals, which are as often treated as known and 'other' in research discourse as the alues and conduct attributed to deprived residents by proponents of the underclass. Low's work is also vital in demonstrating the need for an increasing body of urban research on the social processes of suburban and middle class neighbourhoods to counter the focus on studies of deprived communities. The centrality of this approach to critiques of governance and policy is highlighted in her chapter on private governance where


The long-term viability of rice production in the midsouthern USA could be affected by irrigation management strategy. This study was conducted to determine if rice sustainability can be improved through manipulation of the irrigation threshold. The effects of an alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation threshold and cultivar on water applied, rice grain yield, seed quality, irrigation water use efficiency, and net returns were investigated at Stoneville, MS on a Sharkey clay (very fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Epiaquert). Water applied increased exponentially from 316 mm for the AWD threshold of -40 cm to 1061 mm for the conventional flood. For both hybrid and inbred lines, rice grain yield decreased linearly at a rate of 14 kg ha for each cm decrease in irrigation threshold. Alternate wetting and drying irrigation threshold had no effect on seed quality parameters including chalk, milling total, and milling whole. Net returns decreased in the order $2076 ha for XL753 > $1706 ha for Rex > $1535 ha for CL151; however, net returns were not affected by AWD irrigation threshold. Our analysis of these data indicates that converting from a conventional flood to an AWD irrigation threshold ranging from 0 to -20 cm will likely improve the sustainability of rice production in the


Objective:
To describe 10 cases of neonatal mononeuropathies evaluated in the Boston Children's Hospital (BCH) electromyography (EMG) laboratory between 1979 and 2014. The spectrum of etiologies, proposed mechanisms and electrophysiologic data are presented.
 Background:
Neonatal mononeuropathies may develop in-utero, during delivery or in the early postnatal setting. In contrast to older individuals, no serial EMGs have been reported and the temporal profile of electrophysiologic changes is undefined.
 Methods:
Retrospective review of BCH EMG database between 1979-2014 identified 10 neonatal mononeuropathies.
 Results:
We describe 4 radial, 3 sciatic, 2 peroneal and 1 case of multiple neonatal mononeuropathies. Our experience with radial mononeuropathies is in keeping with previous reports; most newborns are born after prolonged labor, often with evidence of pressure over the triceps. Although association of sciatic and peroneal neuropathies with breech deliveries is recognized, we did not see this. Clubfoot and intrauterine growth retardation suggested an unspecified intrauterine insult in one newborn with sciatic neuropathy. Of the 2 peroneal neuropathy cases, one was associated with forceps use after labor arrest; the other was the product of an uneventful pregnancy and delivery and no cause could be identified. All three mononeuropathies with postnatal onset appeared iatrogenic and were associated with (i) umbilical artery catheterization (sciatic), (ii) pressure necrosis over the buttock in setting of neuromuscular blockade (sciatic), and (iii) compartment syndrome from parenteral nutrition infiltration in cubital fossa (median, ulnar and radial). Prognosis of congenital mononeuropathies is good despite severe axon loss documented in some cases.
 Conclusions:
We describe one of the largest cohorts of neonatal mononeuropathies since Craig and Clark's 1958 review. In contrast to the more common neonatal brachial plexus palsy, congenital mononeuropathies seem to have a better prognosis. We agree with others that denervation potentials in neonates may develop within 24-48 hours of injury. Disclosure: Dr. Vytopil has nothing to disclose. Dr. Srinivasan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kang has received personal compensation for activities with Third Rock Ventures, C1 Consulting, and Sarepta Therapeutics. Dr. Darras has received personal compensation for activities with UpToDate, Inc., Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Athena Diagnostics as a consultant. Dr. Jones has nothing to disclose.


When bend-up bars are placed for the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams, the design calculation is tedious with traditional methods. In this paper, an improved method for the row number of bend-up bars was brought up. And the calculating examples were given to compare with the traditional methods. The results show that the improved method in the paper is simpler, more intuitional, and easier to compute without errors.


A perturbation approach to the two‐photon spectra of monosubstituted benzenes for the 1B2(Lb)←1A1 transition is developed. The theory predicts that inductive substituents are ineffective in making the benzene 1Lb←1A two‐photon spectrum allowed (opposite to the effect on the one‐photon spectrum), but weakly mesomeric substituents are much more effective. Intensity measurements have been made which show that the allowed part of the toluene two‐photon spectrum is much stronger than in fluorobenzene, and that the halobenzene intensity ordering is Br≳Cl≳≳F, in direct contrast with results found for one‐photon spectra and in agreement with the theory. The two‐photon spectrum of aniline is reported and found to be identical with the one‐photon spectrum where they can be compared. This result also comes out of the theory, where the Franck–Condon part of the one‐ and two‐photon spectra for strongly mesomeric substituents are predicted to be identical.


ABSTRQCT: Estimating density has been a frequent objective of wildlife studies. Interpreted as the spatial intensity of the study animal, density often is compared intraand inter-specifically for developing ecological theory, assessing human impacts, and setting harvest quotas and instigating abatement programs. However, density esthates seem to be scale-dependent, varying more with the size of the study area than with the corresponding abundance. I therefore suggest that density estimates would be made more useful to theory and policy decisions by specifying that each estimate was made fiom a study area encompassing all of a population or metapopulation. I also suggest that density estimates would be made more useful by more equitably representing species across taxonomic Orders and Families and within each region, and by representing the range of habitat conditions from within the geographic range of each species. Their usefulness would also improve by describing the larger spatial context and historical background of each population comprising each estimate. Thus, in this paper, I list the study attributes that, if reported in the literature along with each density estimate, would: (1) improve the consistency and usefulness of each estimate, (2) reduce the writing time, and (3) improve the clarity of thought put into the study objectives and its design.


A design technique for sparse array configurations consisting of dielectric-filled, open-ended waveguide antennas is discussed. The position of the elements in the thinned array are determined by applying a genetic algorithm that searches for configurations with the lowest side-lobe level. By employing as design parameter the relative inter-element spacing, the formulated optimization problem allows for an arbitrary deployment of the elements on the aperture. The design strategy accounts for the mutual coupling between elements, as well. To this end, an efficient technique for estimating the Generalized Scattering Matrix of a-periodic arrays is proposed.


A method for the qualitative determination of capsaicin and its homologue by means of gaschromatography is described. Capsaicin and its homologue can be also completely converted to trimethylsilyl ethers by the reaction with equivalent amounts of trimethylchlorosilane and hexamethyldisilazane.Relative retention time data are given for capsaicin homologue and its trimethylsilyl ethers on Silicone GE SF-96 column using hydrogen flame ionization detector.


BEN O'NEILL*, Australian National University** WRITTEN 15 JANUARY 2021 Abstract We give some useful decompositions of sum-of-powers statistics, leading to decompositions for the sample mean, sample variance, sample skewness and sample kurtosis. We solve two related problems: computing these sample moments for a pooled sample composed of subgroups with known moments; and computing these sample moments for a subgroup using known moments from other subgroups and the overall pooled sample. Each task is accomplished via decompositions of the sums-of-squares, sums-of-cubes and sums-of-quads from which the sample central moments (up to fourth order) are formed. We give decomposition results and we implement these in a user-friendly R function. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS; DECOMPOSITIONS; SAMPLE MOMENTS; SAMPLE MEAN; SAMPLE VARIANCE; SAMPLE SKEWNESS; SAMPLE KURTOSIS.


Basal Plane Dislocations (BPD) intersecting the SiC substrate surface were converted to threading edge dislocations (TED) by high temperature annealing of the substrates in the temperature range of 1750 °C – 1950 °C. Successively, epitaxial growth on annealed as well as non-annealed samples was performed, concurrently, to investigate the effect of the substrate annealing on BPD mitigation in the epilayers. For the 1950 °C/10min anneal, a 3x reduction in BPD density was observed. Additionally, surface roughness measured using atomic force microscopy revealed no degradation in surface morphology of the grown epilayers after annealing.


2014 The formation of a regular pattern of periodic cracked ridges on single crystal polydiacetylene films is described. Films thicker than a certain critical thickness are cracked while thinner ones are not. A model in the framework of linear elasticity theory is developed, which accounts for this transition as a function of the film thickness. J. Phys. France 50 (1989) 923-935 15 AVRIL 1989, Classification Physics Abstracts 46.30N 68.60 82.35


The domestic hotel industry has been developing faster and faster in recent years. Hotel management is also one of the most popular majors in many colleges and universities. The prospect of employment is favored by many people. However, the turnover rate of domestic hotel management majors is quite high in actual job posts, and the number of graduates who actually work in hotel management after graduation is decreasing. There are three main reasons. First, there are problems in the field of hotel management in the universities. Second, the hotel management graduates themselves have some problem; Third, the reason of hotel should not be ignored. In view of the three main reasons, this paper gives a detailed introduction, and provides some suggestions, in order to reduce turnover rate of the related hotel management professionals. 1. The existing problems of the hotel industry in China Since China began to implement the reform and opening-up policy, the national economy of our country has been greatly improved, and the development of all industries has risen to a new height. In particular, the development of the hotel industry is among the best. Due to the increase of income, people begin to pursue the enjoyment of material life. In recent years, China's tourism has developed rapidly, and the development of tourism has also led to the improvement of the hotel industry. However, some star hotels are also pursuing higher quality service, which is far more than other low-star hotel rivals, the development of hotels in our country has become more and more uneven. 1.1 The small number of star hotels in China and the disharmonious overall development of the hotel Although the hotel has developed very well in recent years, there are still many problems in the hotel industry in China, such as the number of star hotels, the overall operation of the hotel and the low level of service staffs. Taking the development of the hotel industry in the northern Inner 2019 International Conference on Education, Management, Social Science and Humanities Research (EMSSHR 2019) Published by CSP © 2019 the Authors 50 Mongolia region as an example, Inner Mongolia has a vast territory and fertile soil. The tourism industry has been on the rise in recent years. The number of tourists coming to Inner Mongolia is increasing year by year. The tourism resources in Inner Mongolia are very rich, and the rapid development of tourism drives the development of the hotel industry. According to the survey, there were 246 star-rated hotels in Inner Mongolia with a total of 24,052 rooms by 2006. However, there are only six five-star hotels and 11 four-star hotels, the rest are three-star and two-star hotels. Therefore, it can be seen that the number of five-star luxury hotels in Inner Mongolia is relatively small, the overall development of the hotel is not coordinated, and the development structure and reception measures of the hotel are not perfect. Therefore, the economic benefit of the hotel is not high, and there is a certain gap from the relevant standards of the state on hotels. 1.2 The backward management of hotel in our country and lack of modern management mode. There is a great shortage of hotel management in China, and the management level of managers is too low. The service staffs inside the hotel are poor in service consciousness and comprehensive quality. They seldom take the hotel professional training before work .Frequent mistakes are made during the process of work. These problems affect the image of the hotel to some extent, causing some bad influence and hindering the development of the hotel. Due to the special management system of the hotel, the turnover rate of hotel staffs is high, and there is no timely adjustment in personnel management. In addition, the managers of the hotel are not hotel management major graduates, lacking of hotel management experience and corresponding business knowledge, so they are not able to conduct professional training for internal staff. 2. Reasons for the brain drain of university hotel management professionals 2.1 The difficulty of enrollment in ordinary universities leads to the decline of the quality of students in hotel management. Since the birth of family planning in the 20th century, the birth rate has declined rapidly and the aging population has become more and more serious. The total number of students is much lower than before, but the number of colleges and universities is still increasing. Therefore, many colleges and universities are faced with problems such as source and quality. It is very difficult for normal colleges and universities to consider the students' appearance and physical condition. If the students are required to meet the requirements of the hotel management, the final enrollment will be greatly affected. Therefore, many colleges and universities tend to overlook the quality when they recruit students, and the number of students becomes more important, which leads to various problems in the future employment of students. 2.2 The hotel management pays attention to form and ignores its connotation in student internship process. China's education has been reformed many times, education systems and models related to hotel management in universities have also been improved, and many schools have adopted the more advanced management of education, such as adopting education management mode, practice and theory, which are more advanced in the west. In addition, during the process of practical teaching, we also continue to learn from the advanced teaching experience of Canada and other countries such as Germany. However, in the specific education and learning, we only borrowed the form from outside and lack of inner spirit. Many colleges and universities have gone too far to pursue relevant


Purpose: We performed this study to ascertain the range of hip motion during the activities of daily living in Koreans and determine the value of the clinical measurements. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one volunteers were enrolled in this study. The hip range of motion was measured with three-dimensional CT and fluoroscopy of the hip in the supine, sitting cross-legged and squatting position. Hip flexion and extension in various conditions were also measured. The reference lines were defined in the pelvic bone. Results: The supine hip reflected the anatomic structure of the proximal femur rather than 0 degree. Symmetrical 114.1° of flexion and 41.0° of external rotation were observed in the sitting cross-legged position. The sum of the abductions was 70.4°. In the squatting position, the measured hip flexion was 87.4°. The hip flexion increased when hip abduction was combined. An average hip extension of 17.0° was noted during the Thomas test. Conclusion: More than 120° of hip flexion does not occur in neutral rotation and abduction. More than 100° of hip flexion is observed only with a hip abduction. A large amount of spinal movements appears to be needed for both squatting and sitting cross-legged positions. Less than 17° of measured flexion contracture in the Thomas test means an extension block rather than a real flexion contracture.


The present study aims to explore the differences between the same-ethnicity and the cross-ethnicity friendship quality of adolescents in Viet Nam. Participants were 200 ethnic majority students and 200 ethnic minority students from two public high schools in DakLak, Viet Nam. The participants answered the McGill Friendship Questionnaire-Respondent's Affection (MFQ-RA). The findings showed that there was no significant difference in the same-ethnicity friendship quality between adolescents from ethnic majority and minority groups. However, in terms of the cross-ethnicity friendship quality, adolescents from the ethnic minority groups got significantly higher positive feelings for friends than those from the ethnic majority group. The results revealed that the differences between genders in the same-ethnicity friendship quality were significant. Meanwhile, there were significant differences between genders in cross-ethnicity friendship quality. In fact, girls got significantly higher positive feelings for a friend and the overall same-ethnicity friendship quality than boys. These findings are discussed vis-a-vis previous research on intra- and inter-ethnic friendships and gender comparisons in friendships.


The banks ought to adopt customer retention as a strategic management tool to gain competitive over its competitors; hence the purpose of this study was to find out the effect of Strategic Management Practices on Customer Retention in Commercial Banks in Kenya. One Specific Objective among others formed the basis of the Study namely: strategic organizational cultural practice on customer retention in the commercial banks in Kenya. The total number of banks that are registered with the Central Bank of Kenya is forty-three (43) hence a survey method was used. The questionnaires were distributed to all banks and the managers and the department heads were requested to fill in. The total number issued was 117 questionnaires and 100 were returned, giving a response rate of 86%. In analyzing the responses, the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 22.0 was used to present descriptive statistics such as frequency distributions, measures of central tendencies and measures of variations. Data analysis and interpretation was based on descriptive statistics and measures of dispersion as well as inferential statistics, Pearson correlation, factor analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. Multilinear regression model was used in explaining the effect of strategic management practice on customer retention in commercial Banks in Kenya. The study results indicate that the strategic management practices (measures of strategic organizational culture practice) had a significant positive effect on customer retention (in terms of competitive services and customer loyalty) of commercial banks in Kenya. The study recommended that managers should be able to make use of strategic management practice through adoption of Strategic organization culture which was to enhance core values of the organization to uphold them for the better of the organization to survive in an environment that can stand out with competitive advantage in order to attract more customers for retention once satisfied. This study therefore gave insights on enhancing of capabilities on employees in order to satisfy its customers create loyalty and finally retain them in ways that will enable the management of the banking industry to achieve its objectives in a dynamic and competitive business environment using strategic management practices effect of customer satisfaction on performance of the hotel industry in the western tourism circuit of Kenya. The study revealed that effect of satisfaction and trust on commitment was positive as well as significant and the greater the satisfaction, the greater the commitment and the greater trust, the greater was the commitment.


A precise prediction of maximum scour depth around bridge foundations under ice covered condition is crucial for their safe design because underestimation may result in bridge failure and over-estimation will lead to unnecessary construction costs. Compared to pier scour depth predictions within an open channel, few studies have attempted to predict the extent of pier scour depth under ice-covered condition. The present work examines scour under ice by using a series of clear-water flume experiments employing two adjacent circular bridge piers in a uniform bed were exposed to open channel and both rough and smooth ice covered channels. The measured scour depths were compared to three commonly used bridge scour equations including Gao's simplified equation, the HEC-18/Jones equation, and the Froehlich Design Equation. The present study has several advantages as it adds to the understanding of the physics of bridge pier scour under ice cover flow condition, it checks the validity and reliability of commonly used bridge pier equations, and it reveals whether they are valid for the case of scour under ice-covered flow conditions. In addition, it explains how accurately an equation developed for scour under open channel flow can predict scour around bridge piers under ice-covered flow condition.


ZAINAL WASSAHUA. The Use of Markov Cellular Automata Technique for Predicting Forest Cover Change. Under the supervision of I NENGAH SURATI JAYA and ANTONIUS B WIJANARTO. The implementation of Markov Cellular Automata (M-CA) for predicting forest cover change in Rokan Hulu Regency, Riau Province was examined. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the use of M-CA to detect forest cover changes between 2005 until 2009. Land cover map for 2002 and 2005 derived from qualitative interpretation have been performed as the basis input in change detection. The methods applied include the visual image classification, Markov Chain, and Cellular Automata. The Cellular Automata can represent spatial dimension from a dynamic process of forest change. The study found that the simulation produced reasonable results, indicated by the Kappa Index Agreement of 68.5%. For the case of the change from forest to non-forest, there is disagreement only 1.2% between the simulation and the actual data.


The adolescents' rehabilitation in the community is a process of correcting the criminal mind and behaviors of juvenile criminals in the community through socialization education in order to make them adapt to the society for their successful return.The process and effect of rehabilitation in the community is restricted by many factors,such as adolescents themselves,families,peer groups and the community rehabilitation staff.


Suppose that ,u is a finite positive measure on the unit disk. Carleson showed that the L 2(j)-norm is bounded by the H -norm uniformly over the space of analytic functions on the unit disk if and only if ,u is a Carleson measure. Analogues of this result exist for Bergmann spaces of analytic functions in the disk and in the unit ball of Cn . We prove here real variable analogues of certain Bergmann space results using quasiconformal and quasiregular mappings. 1.


During the fabricating procedure of optical elements, computer-controlled tools will introduce some periodic structured errors, named mid-spatial frequency errors, which may scatter the laser beams, create filamentous spots or even damage the optical components in Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) high power laser system. Transverse translation diverse phase retrieval (TTDPR) is an ingenious phase retrieval method for measuring aspheric and freeform surfaces. In this paper, we explore the measurement of optical elements with mid-spatial frequency errors by using TTDPR. First, we briefly introduce the features of mid-spatial frequency errors and establish the relation between mid-spatial frequency errors and diffraction pattern. Second, with the knowledge of the mid-spatial frequency error, we analyze the feasibility of optical elements with mid-spatial frequency error measurement by using TTDPR. In order to improve the convergence and measurement accuracy of phase retrieval algorithm, initial inputs are optimized for the following iterative phase retrieval algorithm. Results indicate that a 50% higher reconstruction accuracy can be achieved, when the initial input is the ideal lens to recover the phase of lens with mid-spatial frequency errors. For TTDPR, sub-aperture illuminated with overlapping part among adjacent sub-apertures will improve accuracy of iterative phase algorithm than never overlapped sub-aperture, while it encumbers the efficiency of iterative phase retrieval algorithm. Based on the characteristics of the particular optical surfaces, the influence of major parameter of sub-aperture including the size of sub-aperture and the overlapped proportion among adjacent sub-aperture to accuracy and efficiency of TTDPR are also discussed.


Marketization is the most fundamental principle of state-owned enterprise executive compensation reform, and state-owned enterprises can realize the marketization of executive compensation only if they implement the modern enterprise system. From the perspective of the modern enterprise system, the current problem of executive compensation pricing in state-owned enterprises mainly includes the lack of efficacious measurement methods for pricing and compensation pricing standards, and current policy and regulation restrictions on executive compensation. On this basis, the basic model of executive compensation pricing for state-owned enterprises was designed. At the same time, corresponding measures are proposed to ensure the normal operation of the basic model to improve the scientific nature and rationalization of the regulation to income distribution of state-owned enterprises.


Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating, and communicating information since the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed writing in about 3000 BC, but the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)." Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making, and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several products or services within an economy are associated with information technology, including computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment, and e-commerce. Based on the storage and processing technologies employed, it is possible to distinguish four distinct phases of IT development: premechanical (3000 BC – 1450 AD), mechanical (1450–1840), electromechanical (1840–1940), and electronic (1940–present). This article focuses on the most recent period (electronic), which began in about 1940. Girls in ICT Day initiative is a global effort to encourage girls and young women to consider studies and careers in information and communication technologies (ICT). The Space Communications and Navigation Program at NASA Glenn has partnered with Hyland Software and the Great Lakes Science Center to provide hands-on coding activities, networking with professionals, and an opportunity to explore future careers in the ICT field.


Many physicians have placed more reliance on the rheumatoid factor test than it deserves. The test often will support a tentative diagnosis of early rheumatoid arthritis and it may be valuable in establishing a prognosis in patients known to have the disease. However, a positive test result is not diagnostic of rheumatoid arthritis, because some normal persons have positive results and many patients with the disease have negative results.


This paper investigates the impacts of migrants' skill level and migrants' job security on remittances, both theoretically and empirically, using dataset of three Maghreb countries (Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia). This paper uses the ordered logistic regression to estimate the effects of migrants' skill level and migrants' job security on remittances. Findings suggest that migrants' skill level according to the education attainment does not influence remittances, and remittances are negatively correlated with migrants' skill level according to the vocational training received in the host country. Results reveal also that there is a positive relationship between migrants' job security and remittances. ةيبيرجتلا ةلدألاو ةيرظنلا :ةيلالما تلايوحتلاو يفيظولا نمألاو تاراهلما ىوتس�م ةلس�رلما نادلبلا رظن ةهجو نم


SUMMARY.

The chondrocranium of two larval stages of Gymnarchus niloticus—one 15-day old, the other of an unknown but of slightly younger stage—have been studied. The morphological relations of the arteries, veins and nerves of the head have been described in detail, and the results have necessitated a rectification of some of the statements made by Assheton. The cartilage of the chondrocranium is greatly developed but conform to the general Teleostean type with certain peculiarities of its own. The larval skull is platytrabic. The auditory capsule is greatly developed and contains a modified ear and a sac-like extension of the air-bladder. The internal cavity of the capsule is divided by a partition which is partly ossified. In the lateral wall of the capsule is a vacuity covered by a membrane lateral to which extends the expanded portion of the temporal and supratemporal latero-sensory canals. There is an extensively developed orbital cartilage with pre-optic and metoptic roots and a pila antotica secundaria. The anterior and posterior myodomes are absent. All the eye muscles are collected in a fibrous orbital capsule. The internal carotid foramen is separated from the hypophyseal fenestra. There is no pro-otic bridge, There is a well-developed trigemino-facialis chamber. A lateral commissure is present. Nasal capsules are practically absent except for a broad and massive internasal septum and a rudimentary lamina orbitonasalis. The pterygoquadrate is in a pro-cartilagenous fusion with the hyomandibula. Neither otic, nor basal, nor basi-trabecular articulations are present. The larval jaw suspension is methyostylic.

Unique features in Gymnarchus not present in any known living teleost are: (1) presence of a pila antotica secundaria, (2) splitting of the common truncus hyomandi-bularis of other fishes into more or less three separately originating nerves—n. mandibularis, n. opercularis superficialis, and n. hyoideus, (3) formation of an extra nerve, the dorsalis cutaneus facialis, in the facialis system.


Vertical arrays of ZnO nanowires can decouple light absorption from carrier collection in PbS quantum dot solar cells and increase power conversion efficiencies by 35%. The resulting ordered bulk heterojunction devices achieve short-circuit current densities in excess of 20 mA cm(-2) and efficiencies of up to 4.9%.


Category: Ankle; Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL) tendon transfer to the calcaneus is a common adjuvant procedure in the treatment of Achilles pathology. The FHL tendon can be harvested using a posterior incision where the tendon is dissected along its course into the fibroosseous tunnel. Alternatively, the FHL may be harvested through a separate plantar medial incision as it crosses the flexor digitorium longus at the Knot of Henry. This study aims to quantify FHL tendon lengths achieved through the two common approaches utilizing pair matched cadavers. Methods: Seven pair matched fresh-frozen cadaver legs without signs of musculoskeletal abnormalities were used for this assessment. One leg in each pairing underwent a single incision harvest while the contralateral leg underwent an accessory medial plantar harvest. After dissecting the tendon, a calcaneus tunnel was prepared from dorsal to plantar in both calcanei in standard fashion. Two measurements were obtained. The first measurement was taken from the distal aspect of the muscle belly to the distal end of the tendon. The tendon was then pulled through the calcaneus, and the foot was held in tension at 20 degrees of plantar flexion. The second measurement was taken from site where tendon entered the calcaneous to the distal end of the tendon graft. The measurements were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Fischer Exact Test. Results: Using a posterior incision, the mean tendon measurement from calcaneous tunnel to the distal end of the tendon was 4.0 cm. Using an accessory plantar medial incision, the mean tendon measurement from the calcaneous tunnel to the distal end of the tendon was 7.2 cm. The average tunnel length obtained using an accessory medial incision was significantly greater than the length obtained using the single incision approach (p= 0.0003, p=0.0022, and p=0.0016). The accessory plantar medial incision obtained an FHL tendon tunnel length that was an average of 2.9 cm greater than the posterior incision. Conclusion: The single incision approach provided sufficient length to safely anchor the FHL into the calcaneus which suggests that the accessory plantar medial approach is not necessary for routine FHL transfers to the calcaneus with interference screw fixation. However, if additional length is needed for other applications such as posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction or peritoneal tendon tears, the accessory incision does provide an average of 2.9 cm of additional length.


Objective
To explore the treatment methods for colorectal cancer patients combined with active tuberculosis.

Methods
The clinical data of 8 cases of colorectal cancer combined with active tuberculosis from September 2011 to January 2017 in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.

Results
All the patients received tumor radical resection after given intensive anti-tuberculotherapy for 2 to 3 weeks. From the second day after surgery, isonicotinyl hydrazide was done through intravenous infusion. When gastrointestinal function was restored, the preoperative anti-tuberculosis treatment was reused. After 2 mouths, consolidation therapy was done. There were 3 cases of complicating pneumonia and 1 case of complicating anastomotic fistula after surgery. Six courses of FOLFOX4 chemotherapy combined with anti-tuberculosis consolidation treatment were carried out for all the patients. No tuberculosis dissemination or death case occurred.

Conclusions
After given anti-tuberculotherapy for 2 to 3 weeks, the colorectal cancer patients combined with active tuberculosis could receive tumor radical resection. It is safe and feasible to carry out assisted chemotherapy for tumor during the consolidation anti-tuberculotherapy.

Key words:
Colorectal neoplasms; Active tuberculosis; Drug therapy, combination


Abstract The lead content of airborne particulate matter was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) following digestion with a mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide and also by wave-length dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF). The extraction procedure was checked by analyzing a standard reference material of airborne particulate matter (NIST, SRM — 1648). It was concluded that lead can quantitatively (98%) be extracted from airborne particulate matter by the leaching process. A five-stage sequential extraction was performed to assess the potential mobility of lead associated with airborne particulate matter. Comparison of the airborne particulate lead measured by WDXRF to that measured by FAAS showed a good agreement. The WDXRF method requires no time-consuming sample preparation or use of environmentally unfriendly solvents. The technique is suggested for direct determination of lead in airborne particulate matter in air pollution studies.


PURPOSE: A high-impact polycarbonate resin composition, and a molded product thereof are provided to secure the improved impact strength, scratch resistance, surface hardness, mobility, mold ability, and transparency of the composition due to enhancing the commercial availability. CONSTITUTION: A high-impact polycarbonate resin composition contains the following: 20~95wt% of polycarbonate resin; 4~60wt% of copolymer resin formed with 0~100wt% of rubber degenerated vinyl-based graft copolymer, and 0~100wt% of vinyl copolymer; and 1~50wt% of (meth)acrylic copolymer copolymerized with a (meth)acrylic monomer with the average refractive index of 1.495~1.590, and a vinyl monomer. The average molecular weight of the (meth)acrylic copolymer is 5,000~250,000.


Using an external voltage and interdigitated electrodes in a liquid crystalline cell, we demonstrate tunable steering of light beams and spatial solitons without the detrimental walk-off out of the plane of propagation. The results agree well with a simple model describing birefringence and reorientation in uniaxial nematic liquid crystals.


Three types of antenna arrays such as uniform linear, uniform rectangular arrays and uniform cube arrays are used in the transmitter and their corresponding channel capacity on several paths in the indoor environment are calculated. Numerical results show that uniform linear arrays is better than that for uniform rectangular arrays and uniform cube arrays system with and without interference.


Objective To establish the kainic acid(KA)-induced mesial temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE) mice model and detect the characteristic changes.Methods Healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group(non-injected),saline group(35 μL/g) and KA group(12 mg/kg) for intrahippocampal injections.5 days and 5 weeks after injection,the mice brains were sectioned and stained by hemotoxylin-eosin(HE) to detect the pathologic changes in the hippocampal area;the expression level of P-S6 protein,the marker of hippocampus mTOR signal pathway,was also determinated to verify the animal model.Results(1)Only KA-treated mice showed wet dog shakes,facial clonus and generalized tonic-clonic convulsions.(2)After injection of KA,neuronal cell loss was prominent in in CA1,CA3 and hilar area of the ipsilateral hippocampus;granule cell in dentate gyrus area dispersed,which are fertures of hippocampus sclerosis.(3)P-S6 expression level increased in both acute(P0.05) and chronic phases(P0.01) of MTLE models.Conclusion Intrahippocampal injection of KA inC57BL/6 mice could induce behavioural,histopathological changes which are similar to those clinic features of MTLE.


Selection from established high yielding pure line wheat cultivars would rarely isolate a new genotype. Inducing new genetic variation in bread wheat populations via gamma ray irradiation and hybridization procedures and isolating drought tolerant genotypes from derived heterogeneous populations were the aims of this study. The M 2 populations of seven irradiated wheat genotypes exhibited differences in the magnitude of phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) coefficient of variation and heritability for studied traits under water stress (WS) and well watering (WW) conditions. The highest expected gain from selection (GA) for grain yield/plant (GYPP) was shown by Sids - 4 irradiated (I) and Sakha - 61 (I) under wel l watering (WW) and Aseel - 5 (I) and Sids - 4 (I) under WS conditions. The predicted GA from selection for GYPP in the F 2 ' s of diallel crosses among six genotypes, reached a maximum of 71.6% under WS for F 2 of (As - 5 x Sk - 93). Selection for high GYPP and ot her desirable traits was practiced in the M 2 and F 2 populations under WW and WS. Progenies of these selections (53 M 3 and 109 F 3 families) and their seven parents were evaluated under WW and WS. Selection under WS was more efficient than that under WW for the use under WS. Twelve families (7 M 3 '


Nirgundi is botanically known as Vitex nigundo. According to all classical texts, it is a reputed medicinal plant used for various preparations prescribed for different disease conditions. The leaves are specially reputed for wider range of applications in treating diseases of ear and contain many active principles which are scientifically proven to have analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory activities. According to Ayurveda, Nirgundi has vēdhanā sthāpana, shōthahara, vruna shōdana, vruna rōpana properties and is used in karna srāwa condition. The aim of this study was to analyze the availability of Nirgundi leaves as a common ingredient of medicinal oils used in treatment of ear diseases in indigenous medicine. Since this is a literature based study for the primary data collection indigenous classical texts Sarartha Sangrahaya, Yogarnavaya, Varayogasaraya, Besajjamanjusa, Yogaratnakaraya, Sarasankshepaya, Vaidyacintamani Baisajya Sangrahava were used. The data were analyzed in comparative method and demonstrated the availability of leaves of Nirgundi as a common ingredient in the selected formulas. All the texts have mentioned 18 formulas in the chapters dedicated for treatments of ear diseases and leaves of Nirgundi was the only ingredient commonly found in all of them. Sarasankshepaya has 5 formulas and Vaidyachintamani Bhaisajya Sangrahava 4, Prayogaratnavaliya has 3 and Sarartha Sangrahaya 2 while each of Yogarnavaya, Bhesajjamanjusa and Varayogasaraya mentions 1 formula. Except two formulas found in Vaidyachintamani Bhaisajya Sangrahava and Sarasanskhepaya all other formulas are exclusive. Another formula prescribed for ear diseases in Taila Pancashatakaya contains four ingredients with Nirgundi leaves which can be considered as an effective remedy in the fresh form. The formula of Nirgundyadi taila found in Ayurveda pharmacopeia is mostly similar with one of the formulas of Sarasankshepya but not identical. Nirgundi leaves are reputed as an ingredient with an exclusive therapeutic effect on wider range of ear diseases and not commonly found in formulas of similar category in classical Ayurveda.


A solid fat or oil composition which can be easily broken into small pieces by an external force that is applied thereto in preparing a confectionery dough or bread dough.


We report the capability for forming silver nanoparticles from a single source of N-hexadecylethylenediamine silver nitrate complex that acts as both a metal ion provider and a particle protector. The formation of the metal−ligand complex and nanocomposite is evident from the similarity of a Fourier transform infrared spectrum of free N-hexadecylethylenediamine to those of the complex and the composite. The formation and size of particles have been determined from the UV−vis plasmon absorption spectroscopic and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analyses, respectively. The average particle size is 7.0 ± 1.0 to 12.1 ± 2.9 nm depending on the complex concentration. The TEM photograph shows a two-dimensional array of these particles with an average edge−edge spacing between silver cores of 3.8−3.9 nm (close to double the N-hexadecylethylenediamine chain length) after drying the solution. The small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) spectrum supports the array of the nanoparticles. The closest center-to-cente...


In this study, we aimed to assess the degree of business cycle synchronisation in five CEE countries that have not adopted the euro (Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic), from the perspective of investigating similar developments with the three most important countries of the monetary union (Germany, France and Italy), respectively, with the peripheral countries most affected by the sovereign debt crisis (Greece, Portugal and Spain). The results confirm that membership of the monetary union does not automatically reduce the potential for asymmetric shocks, as in the case of peripheral countries, and that CEE countries do not have a similar path of improving business cycle synchronisation, with Romania and Bulgaria being closer to the Greek experience.


Introduction...................................................................................... 158 I. Human Rights and the Internet............................................158 II. The Law of Nations and the Alien Tort Statute ............. 161 A. Filargtiga v. Pena-Irala ...................................................... 161 B. Criticism and Praise for Filartiga....................................... 163 III. Fashioning a Cause of Action for Violations of the Freedom of Information..........................................................165 A. Determining the Scope of the Law of Nations..................... 165 B. The Law of Nations and the Right to Freedom of Information ...................................................... 173 C. Choice of Law and the Issue of Damages ........................... 179 IV. Fashioning a Cause of Action for Violations of the Prohibition Against Torture ................................................. 182 V. Additional Barriers to ATS Claims......................................187 A. Sovereign Immunity............................................................. 187 B. The Act of State Doctrine and the Political Question Doctrine ............................................................... 191 Conclusion: The Need for Legislative Reform...........................193


We propose and demonstrate a broadband silicon TE-pass polarizer at 1550 nm based on partially-etched waveguide adiabatic S-bends and side gratings, with high TM extinction (>30 dB) and low TE insertion loss (<0.25 dB).


Changes of soil factors and undergrowth vegetation species diversity indices,as well as their relationship,in the Eucalyptus industrial raw material forests of Yunnan Province are studied through filed investigation and laboratory analysis.Results show that species richness of herb layer is the highest,while Simpson index,Shannon—Wiener index and Evenness index of shrub layer are the highest.Meanwhile,soil moisture contents in different soil layers under the E.grandis×E.urophyllaplantation show the order of parent material horizonilluvial horizonhumus horizon.However,organic matter content,hydrolytic nitrogen,and available phosphorus and potassium decrease with depth and show the order of humus horizon illuvial horizonparent material horizon.Correlation analysis shows that species richness,biodiversity index and evenness index of shrub and grass layers are not significantly correlated with soil moisture and organic matter content in any soil layer.The K content of humus layer and Simpson diversity index of herb layer are significantly correlated.It is also true for the relationship between the K content of illuvial horizon and Simpson index of shrub layer.And there is a notable correlation between the N content and diversity index-based evenness index of shrub and herb layers.The soil factors of parent material and the diversity indices of herb and shrub layers are not correlated.The findings from the study may provide a theoretical basis and scientific evidences for the sustainable management of Eucalyptus industrial raw material forests.


The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect of thermal cycling on the high frequency behavior of a BGA transition structure. A broadband microwave BGA transition structure between a RF-PWB and a ceramic module was designed and fabricated. The stand-off height of the composite BGA solder joints was 500 mum. The BGA test modules mounted on the PWBs were exposed to thermal cycling testing over a temperature range of -40...+125 degC. To detect interconnection failures induced by cyclic thermal stresses, both DC resistance and scattering parameter measurements (45 MHz-25 GHz) were performed on the test assemblies at specific intervals. Parallel to the electrical measurements, crack propagation in the vicinity of the BGA transition structure was investigated using scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM). Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the failure mechanisms of the test assemblies. Degradation in the signal transmission characteristics was first observed at higher microwave frequencies as an increase in signal return loss (|S11|). As the thermal cycling test proceeded, the reflected signal loss became more significant and gradually became pronounced at lower microwave frequencies. Pure DC resistance measurements showed no indication on the degradation of the transition structure


Part 1 General principles. Part 2 Facial reconstructive surgery: trauma cutaneous surgery methods of tissue transfer for head and neck reconstruction facial paralysis reconstructive ocular surgery. Part 3 Facial plastic surgery: ageing upper face ageing lower face. (Part contents)


Human interactions play a vital role in the reliability of man-machine systems. Techniques art necessary to insure that those which occur do so because they are so designed and planned. A tentative approach to providing lists of such interactions, and ways of defining, labelling and measuring them are suggested as basic to design input. Methods for isolating units of interactive behavior are proposed and samples of system behavior and their respective activities described in terms of actions and reactions. The need for definition and labelling of activities couched in operational terms is emphasized in the interest of design, training and measurement of human interactions in man-machine systems. Techniques for accomplishing these steps are suggested.


Objectives: Cell structure changes due to oxidative stress, and the response of cells to this change depends on the amount of oxidative stress. Generally, severe oxidative stress causes cell death. This study evaluates the oxidative therapy of curcumin on Hep-2 cell line. Materials and Methods: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line (Hep-2) cells were treated with curcumin for 48 h. Then, cell viability was tested using MTT assay, and the amount of Cox-2 and ROS (reactive oxygen species) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay; the amount of MDA was measured by colorimetric/fluorometric assay. Finally, slides were prepared for hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining for microscopy. Results: The data revealed that curcumin had a cytotoxic effect on Hep-2-treated cells. Furthermore, curcumin downregulates Cox-2 and increases the accumulation of intracellular ROS and MDA levels compared with control untreated cells. Additionally, Hep-2-treated cells showed apoptosis. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that curcumin can be an oxidative therapy for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and induce apoptosis. Also, curcumin has anti-inflammatory activity in Hep-2 cells as it can decrease Cox-2 levels in cells. Thus, curcumin is a potential antiproliferative and therapeutic agent.


Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is considered one of the key pests that cause great damage to cotton plants as well as other plants in Egypt [1,2] larvae of this insect can feed on about ninety economically, monetarily and significant plant pertinence to forty families. The achieved control is not successful, when using synthetic insecticides [3] and some biorational agents for example Bacillus thuringiens is Berliner to resist the pest, because of the insect's high ability to develop resistance toward most of traditional components [4]. Therefore, we need novel compounds that are efficient against this insect, safe to human and ecological well-disposed [5,6]. The substitutional control techniques that show presage as a potential tactic in S. littoralis the executive's projects is the utilization of biorational control operators for example synthetic insect growth regulators and those dependent on normally materials [7]. Insect growth regulators are development controllers are ventured to be more secure for useful living beings than regular mixes, and they have been effectively utilized in IPM programs against many tree and little natural product [8,9]. There is a need for different insecticides having different modes of action Juvenile hormones analogues [10-13] sesquiterpenoid moieties arranged and discharged by the corpora allata, are significant insect hormones that standardize a bulky diversity of processes during postembryonic growth and adult reproduction in insects [14]. Juvenile hormone analogues display powerful creepy crawly adolescent hormone-mirror action, and consequently cause genuine aggravations in the advancement, multiplication, and conduct of a wide scope of bug [15-16]. This carbamate is utilized for pests' control in farming, ranger service, and put away items, and is additionally utilized as a general wellbeing bug-spray Juvenile hormone analogue is recorded for control of caterpillars, and scales in Europe, and for flame ants in the U.S. Like most IGRs, fenoxycarb has surprisingly low human toxic quality and is significantly more bug particular than the ordinary bug sprays [17]. The main objective of this study was to determinate the toxicity of new growth inhibitors agents against the cotton leafworm, S. littoralis larvae under laboratory conditions. Crimson Publishers Wings to the Research Research Article


We are interested in observing changes to a particular web graph community over time. A small subset of the entire web graph can provide sufficient information about our community of interest. Therefore we use a local approach where knowledge of the entire web graph is not needed. In this paper we will consider how we may track the evolution of a community from a local point of view and analyze the quality of our model. We use local modularity as our community definition of choice and propose an improvement thereof. An incremental definition is coined such that we may analyze the consequences of elementary modification of a community. We analyze the quality of a local community as constructed using this incremental definition. Therefore we propose a probability model that we demonstrate on omission errors for the incremental algorithm.


The structural, electrical, and optical characteristics of nanometric Fe2O3−x films fabricated on ⟨100⟩ Si and SiO2 substrates by ablating an iron target with a KrF excimer laser in low pressure (0.05–1.0 Pa) O2 atmosphere are reported. The thickness of films fabricated with 4000 laser pulses is ∼80 nm for samples deposited at the lowest pressure (0.05 Pa) and decreases gradually to 50 nm at the highest used pressure (1.0 Pa). The film mean composition results close to FeO at lower pressures (0.05–0.10 Pa) and to Fe2O3 at higher pressures (0.5–1.0 Pa). From glazing incidence x-ray diffraction spectra, it was inferred that deposits are poorly crystallized, especially the ones prepared at relatively high oxygen pressures (0.5–1.0 Pa). Scanning electron microscopy inspections show that surfaces are plane and uniform, with very rare (<0.1 μm−2) submicron droplets. From x-ray reflectivity spectra, surface roughness results very low (0.1–0.5 nm, increasing with O2 pressure). The films present a semiconductor be...


There is little research on the joint impact of sedentary behavior and physical activity on obesity incidence, despite evidence that these patterns co‐occur and are important obesity determinants. Using nationally representative longitudinal data from waves II (1995; mean age: 16.2) and III (2001; mean age: 21.6) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n=9,969), this study examined whether high levels of moderate‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA≥5 bouts/week versus <5 bouts/week) are protective against obesity incidence among those with high screen time (TV/video viewing ≥15 hours/week versus <15 hours/week). Multivariate logistic regression analysis stratified by sex assessed the odds of obesity prevalence and incidence across joint patterns of MVPA and screen time, controlling for age, income, educational attainment, and change in MVPA and screen time from wave II to III. During adolescence high MVPA was protective of obesity at both at low screen time (Males: OR= 0.49; CI: 0.37–0.64; Females: OR= 0.43; CI: 0.30–0.60) and high screen time (Males: OR=0.64; CI: 0.50–0.82; Females: OR=0.64; CI: 0.46–0.90). Low screen time during adolescence was protective of incident obesity in adulthood for low (OR=0.74; CI: 0.59–0.95) and high (OR=0.62; CI: 0.44–0.86) MVPA only among females. During adolescence, high MVPA protects against obesity in both sexes, regardless of screen time. However, only females with low screen time had reduced odds of obesity incidence in early adulthood.


The present invention includes a bioreactor apparatus relate 1, first at least one basin device 3 defines a habitat 4a for the first species 2a for the growth of biological species 2, the light L by releasing and a first illumination device 5a having one light emitting solid-state lighting source 6 adapted for the first species 2a, the light energy the solid-state lighting source 6 is emitted from the solid body illumination source 6 illuminating the habitats 4 with, the bioreactor apparatus 1 comprises a second habitat 4b adapted for a second species 2b. The present invention further includes a two bioreactor apparatus 1a and 1b, one of which is configured as a water ecoregion and the other is configured as a terrestrial ecoregion, both combined to form a composite artificial ecoregion also it relates to a bioreactor system 20 as. The invention also relates to a method for growing light energy dependent biological species 2 in a single bioreactor apparatus 1, by a first species 1 in the first habitat 4a first illumination device 5a a step of illuminating, the step of transferring via subsequent habitat 4b separated growth species 2a from the previous habitat 4, 4c, 4d, the connection system 7 to ..., said subsequent habitat 4b, 4c, 4d, the steps of illuminating a subsequent seeds 2b, 2c, ... subsequent lighting device 5b, 5c, ... by the ... are repeated until the step of the above transfer and illumination desired species 2 grows optimally state in such a way and a step in which relates.


Members of the genus Streptomyces are known for their ability to produce compounds with various bioactivities and for their complex morphologies. Streptomyces sp. strain 139 is the producer strain of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) ebosin, which has remarkable in vivo antirheumatic arthritis activity. Here, we report its complete genome sequence, which will facilitate the study of the biosynthesis of ebosin. ABSTRACT Members of the genus Streptomyces are known for their ability to produce compounds with various bioactivities and for their complex morphologies. Streptomyces sp. strain 139 is the producer strain of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) ebosin, which has remarkable in vivo antirheumatic arthritis activity. Here, we report its complete genome sequence, which will facilitate the study of the biosynthesis of ebosin.


[Abstract] Adult learners from Sub-Saharan Africa pass through different of transformation in their journey to achieve academic success. In the present diverse and globalized world, there is the interdependency with the environment, where people face constant life changes (Taylor, 2008). There has been little research done about learning activities that promote transformative learning among adult learners from Sub-Saharan African in an American university. This chapter will address reasons adult learners from Sub-Saharan Africa choose to pursue advance degree in the United States, transformative learning experiences of Black African adult learners and activities that promote transformative learning. [Keywords] Transformative learning; Sub- Sanaran Africa; diverse; black; high education Introduction This chapter will address questions such as the transformative learning of Black African international students, pre-arrival transformative learning of African students and the factors that promote transformative learning of Black African international students. Research has shown that United States is the leading destination for higher education among international students in the world. For instance, according to the Institute of International Education's (??) Open Doors 2006 report, approximately 564,766 international students enrolled in U.S. higher education institutions in 2005/06 and the number of international student increased 7% to a record high of 623, 805 in the 2007/08 academic year. In 2008/09, the population of international students in the U.S. increased 7.7 % over the previous year to a high of 671,616 students (??, 2009) Open Door Report (www.iie.org). The majority of international students come from Asia, Europe, Latin America and Canada but recently there has been a steady increase of students from the Sub-Saharan Africa. For instance, the population of African students in the U.S. increased by 3.6% in 2008/09 to 36,937 students and the number of students from Sub-Saharan Africa in the U.S increased by 2.2% in 2008/09 to 32,491 students (?? report, 2009). Therefore, it is important for researchers and adult educators to understand the transformative learning experiences of Black African International adult learners who have enrolled in American universities. Table I below shows the origin of Black African International adult learners from Sub-Saharan Africa in the U.S. Why Black African International Adult Learners Choose to Study in the U.S. Africa is the second largest continent in the world with vast natural resources and plays a leading role in the world's development. In terms of cultures, it is considered to be one as Africans share similar cultural values. The people of African continent have been through different phases of exploitation, colonial domination, and years of political, economic, social and cultural transformations. The above historical precedents have resulted to numerous challenges such as political instability, high rate of illiteracy, lack of infrastructural facilities, lack of educational resources, and health problems. It has become difficult for some adult learners in Sub-Saharan Africa to gain admission to the few Sub-Saharan institutions and the lack of competent and qualified university faculty/staff is also a major problem. Inadequate infrastructural facilities and the lack of other educational resources present problems in dealing with the increasing population. These conditions have made United States a desirable destination for adult learners from Sub-Saharan Africa to pursue higher education with the goals of having access to the available educational resources like technological resources, financial assistance in terms of scholarships, ease in transportation, communication and finally to achieve the "American dream" as portrayed in the media. Additionally, a U.S. degree is also highly valued in Africa. For instance, past adult learners who have acquired degrees in U. …


Introduction: Globally enteric adenovirus has become the second leading cause of viral diarrhea. Present investigation was undertaken to understand the adenoviral etiology of diarrhea among hospitalized children in Assam, northeast India. Materials and methods: Over a period of two years (20132015), 455 faecal samples were collected from hospitalized children aged <5 years with diarrhea from Assam, northeast India for screening of rotavirus antigen. A total of 238 samples were rotavirus antigen negative and are screened for adenovirus antigen by ELISA and followed by PCR. Results: Present investigation revealed enteric adenovirus infection in hospitalized children <5 years to be 10.9% (26/238). Prevalence was higher among infants (16.6%) and females (15.1%). Moreover, severe diarrhea (≥10 times) 14.9% (P=0.047) and restlessness 50% (P=0.002) is significantly higher in enteric adenovirus infected children. Enteric adenovirus infection was observed sporadically throughout the year; however infection was higher during warmer months (17%) than cooler months (7.3%) (P=0.0001). Adenovirus sequence analysis of the hexon gene showed adenovirus F type-41 to be the predominant serotype circulating in the study region. Analysis of the adenovirus fiber protein of the present study confirmed 15 amino acid deletions from the 15 th repeat motif of the shaft region. Conclusions: Present data demonstrated that enteric adenovirus could be considered an important viral etiological agent for acute gastroenteritis among children in northeast India along with other etiology.


Water sector Process Control Systems (PCS) such as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are inherently vulnerable to various types of well documented cyber attacks such as denial of service, SQL injection attacks, and DCOM exploit attacks due to the use of standard computer hardware, software, and network connectivity. In addition, standard process control hardware is unable to determine the integrity of information or commands that are received and provides little, if any, inherent security features. When a PCS cyber attack occurs, the damage to a water or wastewater utility's reputation in the community, revenue stream, and ability to deliver clean water can be even more severe than the results from a physical attack. There is no one way to completely stop or prevent cyber attacks, but much can be done to reduce the risk of a cyber attack and to be prepared in the event that a cyber attack occurs while maintaining control system functionality and operation. This presentation is based on work improving PCS and SCADA cyber security with both large and small water and wastewater utilities. Assessment, planning, designing, and implementation strategies for cyber security vulnerability mitigation will be addressed. Examples presented include new build/replacement projects and incremental addition projects. One advantage of incremental addition projects is that they significantly reduce operations disruption and annual cash flow for modifications to existing PCS. Implementation of cyber security solutions were performed using recently published PCS and SCADA specific cyber security standards and network design guides which will also be discussed. About the Authors:


Sucralose was esterized regioselectively by protected amino acid using N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbo-diimide(DCC) as coupling reagent.The reaction led to the formation of an intermediate which has the ester group on C6 of the sucralose molecule.The final product was obtained by removing Fmoc in the solvent of morpholine/DMF(V/V,1∶1).Fmoc protected phenylalanine and leucine were used in this paper to prepare 4 new compounds via regioselective esterification and deprotection reactions.The structures of products were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR.