A theory is presented that allows the calculation of the quasiparticle properties of lower-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures in the framework of a diagrammatic approach of many-particle Green's-function technique in subband space. We apply this theory to consider the interaction of quasi-one-dimensional electrons and longitudinal-optical (LO) phonons in the presence of a quantizing magnetic field. An expression for the electron matrix self-energy in subband space has been derived in the Hartree-Fock approximation of Feynman-Dyson perturbation theory. Numerical results for the energy-momentum relation and the effective mass have been obtained for the magnetopolaron states in quantum-well wires. It is shown that the Tamm-Dancoff approximation and its on-mass-shell version fail for the calculation of the renormalization of the excited subband energies in quantum-well wires with strong lateral confining potentials even for vanishing magnetic field and polaron momentum. In this case only the Hartree-Fock approximation gives the correct quasiparticle properties.


The utility model belongs to the field of material, disclosing a novel air twisting apparatus for electrical spinning nanometer fiber tuft, which comprises a vortex tube, an air inlet, a delivery roller, an output rubber-covered roll, a groove drum, a metal loop, a draught fan. The utility model could collect electrical spinning nanometer fiber tuft with high speed and large scale, the fiber tuft collected has the advantages of finite strong force, orientation, excellent reprocessing property or the like and could be produced directly for the field of spinning, material, adsorption filtration or the like.


This paper reports the results of testing more than thirty 150t heats of SA-387-22. It describes the effects of sulfur level, calcium treatment for both sulfur reduction and sulfide shape control, grain size, and quenching and tempering on notch toughness, as well as the compositional effects on susceptibility to temper embrittlement. To complete the analysis of this material, data on tensile properties and composition are also presented. Comparisons are made between laboratory and mill heat treatments. 9 refs.


What is the effect of artificial laser-assisted collapse before vitrification on pregnancy and implantation rates after transfer of vitrified-warmed blastocysts?

 The artificial shrinkage by laser-induced collapse before vitrification significantly increased the implantation and clinical pregnancy rates after single thawed embryo transfer.

 Freeze all, cycle segmentation and, in general, single embryo transfer (SET) strategies (for example trophectoderm biopsy-based aneuploidy testing) have targeted blastocysts vitrification as the best option for reproductive practice worldwide. Artificial shrinkage seems to be a pre-vitrification parameter associated with an increased embryo survival after warming and implantation rate. However, the available medical evidence shows controversial results with only a limited number of prospective studies assessing the subject.

 This prospective cohort study evaluated 394 women who underwent a frozen blastocyst transfer at Instituto Bernabeu between July and December 2020. All patients were prepared with substitutive cycle and received single blastocyst embryo transfers.

 Before embryo vitrification on day 5 of development, some expanded and/or early hatching blastocysts (A/B ASEBIR categories) were artificial laser-assisted collapsed. (n = 83, study group). 311 embryos of the same quality and day of development were not collapsed (control group). We compared the embryo survival rate, clinical, implantation and miscarriage rates between groups. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 20.0).

 The two groups were comparable in terms of maternal age (39.79 ± 3.83, control group; 40.21 ± 4.45, study group; p = 0.341). Embryo survival rate resulted in 100% in both groups.
 Regarding clinical outcomes, collapsed blastocysts significantly increased the positive pregnancy test and the clinical pregnancy and implantation rate compared to the control group, respectively (positive test: 69,9% vs 43,4%, p = 0.000018, odds ratio (OR)= 3.02 [95% CI 1.80–5.08]; clinical pregnancy and implantation: 56,6% vs 35,4%, p = 0.000041, OR = 2.39 [95% CI 1.46–3.90]). The miscarriage rate was not affected by the blastocyst collapse effect (23,6% in the control group vs 27,6% in the study group, p = 0.593, OR = 1.23 [95% CI 0.57–2.68]).

 This is a non-randomized controlled study. Additional RCTs are warranted to corroborate our findings.
 Wider implications of the findings: Considering the large number of blastocyst vitrification cycles that are carried out worldwide, artificial laser-assisted collapse before vitrification has the potential to increase the clinical results in benefit of many patients.

 Not applicable


Objective
To investigate the possible associations of two polymorphisms(5-HTTLPR and STin2VNTR)of the serotonin transporter gene with alcohol use disorders (AUD).

Methods
281 AUD cases (AUDIT score≥10) and 277 healthy controls (AUDIT score≤5) were recruited in this study. All participants were genotyped using the PCR technique.

Results
The frequency of the L-allele of the 5-HTTLPR was 39.01%, and the 10-allele of STin2VNTR was 8.42% in this population, the allele frequencies of both polymorphisms were consistent with Asian normal populations. No significant association was observed between 5-HTTLPR and AUD, but the genotypic and allele frequencies of the STin2VNTR were significant different between two groups even after Bonferroni adjustment, the 12 repeat allele of the STin2VNTR was significantly associated with the risk effect for AUD. Haplotype analysis for those two polymorphisms revealed no association between 4 haplotype combinations and AUD.

Conclusion
There is no relationship between 5-HTTLPR and AUD.The STin2VNTR polymorphism of 5-HTT may play a role in the pathogenesis of AUD.

Key words:
Serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region; Variable number tanden repeat in the second intron; Alcohol use disorders; SNP; Association


This article was inspired by Etsuko Kageyama's thoughtful study on Hephthalite crowns in one of the last issues of this journal.1 At one point she briefly touches upon the question of the crown of the Türks (the successors of the Hephthalites in Western Central Asia), by referring to the differences between the crowns of the Türks and those of the Hephthalites. But in fact, our knowledge of "Turkic" crowns from the mid-sixth to the mid-eighth century is rather scanty. In this article I will offer a critical overview of this topic while at the same time introducing some relevant monuments up until now neglected in the discussion.


The grasshopper Machaerocera mexicana Saussure (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is added to the orthopteran faunas of the United States and Sonora, Mexico. Notes are presented on habitat and seasonality.


A parallel Cu paddle wheel structure was developed to form an efficient C3H6 nano-trap. Benefiting from having this trap, ATC-Cu showed a very high capacity for binding C3H6 and high C3H6/C3H8 selectivity at 298 K.


For many problems in nuclear, high-energy and solid-state physics a crucial step toward a solution involves a diagonalization or simplification of the Hamiltonian of a many-body quantum-mechanical system. Problems of interest include renormalization of the Hamiltonian to accommodate excluded basis spaces, decoupling of a model space region of special interest from irrelevant configurations, or near-diagonalization to invoke perturbative treatments. In such applications, the Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) approach (or flow equations) can provide solutions where more conventional methods fail. We show that when SRG employs a near symmetry of a system, utilizing the Casimir invariant operators, it evolves the Hamiltonian of the system toward a (block-)diagonal form that can be realized in terms of a finite number of integrity basis operators. In particular, for atomic nuclei, an SRG flow equation that utilizes the SU(3) symmetry, which often dominates the nuclear dynamics, is found to naturally evolve a nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction toward a block-diagonal form. A remarkable consequence is that a renormalized SU(3)-preserving many-body Hamiltonian expressed in terms of only the SU(3) integrity basis realizes energy spectra identical to the ones of the original realistic NN interaction, which reflects the low-energy symmetries as well as symmetry-breaking patterns of quantum chromodynamics. Such a scheme is especially suitable for ab initio SU(3) symmetry-adapted shell model calculations, which can further allow for perturbative treatments of the nuclear interaction. Moreover, the use of symmetries dramatically reduces the size of the problem, as the flow equation can be rewritten in terms of SU(3) reduced matrix elements of the NN interaction. This is crucial for maintaining the unitarity of the SRG transformations that generate many-body interactions.


Scholars disagree about the relationship between division of labor and intraorganizational conflict. From one perspective, division of labor increases goal disagreement, which in turn leads to conflict. Another view suggests that division of labor reduces both administrative control and levels of conflict. A third poses that division of labor enhances administrative control to suppress conflict. Using Durkheim's distinction between mechanical and organic social systems, this paper examines the antecedents of conflict in 111 American public schools. A causal model is tested using measures of role specialization, goal disagreement, dominance of rules, and occupational disputes. Data provide most support for the perspective that division of labor is indirectly but ultimately related to disputes through direct correlations with both goal disagreement and enhanced control. However, disputes increase and do not decrease when rules dominate the control structure.


conducted among 10 rheumatologists. Both health benefits and future costs were discounted at annual rate of 3%. One-way sensitivity analyses were performed on key model parameters by varying the input values by 10%. RESULTS: Compared to current treatment arm, adding RTX yielded an incremental costeffectiveness ratio (ICER) of USD$18,152 (NTD$589,945) per QALY gained. RTX remained cost-effective under one-way sensitivity testing. Furthermore, applying RTX right after ETAN or ADAL inadequate response (IR) rather than switching between these two TNF inhibitors resulted in significant costsavings of USD$14,922 (NTD$484,994) and USD$19,707 (NTD$640,481) respectively. CONCLUSION: From Taiwan BNHI perspective, this demonstrates that adding RTX to current treatment options for RA patients who respond inadequately to TNF inhibitor therapy is cost-effective, in addition, applying RTX right after one TNF inhibitor (ETAN or ADAL) IR is cost-saving.


Living Archives is a research project exploring the roles of archives in a digitized society. Together, with the Malmo City Archives, we initiated a project aiming at prototyping co-archiving pract ...


Received June 21, 2013; Accepted September 26, 2013 Abstract: Fly ash was used for removal of Zn, Ni and Pb ions from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized using particle size distribution, chemical composition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and zeta potential methods. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to investigate the effect of different sorption parameters using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) Technique. The batch equilibrium data was processed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The pseudo first order, pseudo second order kinetic and intra-particle diffusion method was tested for adsorption phenomenon of different heavy metal ions on fly ash particles. The effect of chitosan as an admixture has been studied. Semi-dynamic method was used to study the leaching behavior of heavy metal ions from the solidified mixture of fly ash, cement and sand. In the leachate, the amount of heavy metal ions was below as per the standards values given by Environment (Protection) Rules of India. This solidified material was also tested for its compressive strength so that it can be disposed of in a safe manner. There was no considerable variation in the compressive strength of solidified cubes with variation of fly ash in the mixture.


Theories and history of integration EC policy making the institutional framework the Customs Union and the Common Market - theoretical basis 1992 - the Common Market in practice monetary integration the common agricultural policy social policy the community budget multinational corporations and integration (chapter by N. Tempini) Britain and EC (chapter by M. Newman) appendices on the 1989 elections to the European Parliament and the Lome conventions.


This chapter provides a global synthesis of the realized results by applying exact and approximate approaches on the portfolio design (PD) problem. The authors introduce an experimental analysis of best approaches based on linear programming and constraint programming techniques, according to the CPU time. Next, a global experiment synthesis of the best approximate approaches based on Simulated Annealing, IDWalk, Tabu Search, GWW, and VNS is realized according to the number of success and the CPU time. First results show that constraint programming with breaking all the detected symmetries is the best as an exact approach, VNS combined with simulated annealing is effective on non-trivial instances of the problem, and simulated annealing is the most effective as a simple local search.


This paper establishes the finite element model of XK2535 gantry machining center ram structure, and considers the influence of bearing to the slippery pillow in the axial direction to analyzes the rams temperature field and thermal deformation based on ABAQUS. Finally using SINUMERIK 840D is to compensating thermal error of the ram.


The cartoon which appeared as Figure 4 in "Microscopic Diagnosis" (Current Cancer Concepts) on page 116 of the July 19, 1965, issue ofThe Journal(Vol 193) was the creation of Dr. Hugh G. Grady, Professor of Pathology at the New Jersey College of Medicine. It was first published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology after its use by Dr. Arthur T. Hertig during a debate with Dr. John L. McKelvey at the 75th Annual Meeting of the American Gynecological Society in 1962. Regrettably, the legend for Figure 4 in the article did not convey this information. I should therefore like to apologize to Dr. Grady for failing to identify the cartoon as his creation.


Abstract A finite element numerical model is presented which simulates vibrations in and around inclusions in viscoelastic fluids excited by a sinusoidal pressure wave or pulse generated by noisy machinery. Stress transfer processes are investigated and regions of highest energy dissipation identified. The model simulates the time evolution of stress generation in and around inclusions in the viscoelastic plastic fluid in three space dimensions. Fluid composites recommended for their power dissipative characteristics are ranked according to their ability to dissipate acoustic power in a simple composite structure.


Previous work in network analysis has focused on modeling node roles in the graph. In this work, we introduce edge role discovery and develop a general framework for modeling edge roles in large networks. In addition, a general class of higher-order role discovery methods are proposed that leverage features based on induced subgraphs (graphlets, motifs) for learning better and more useful roles. All methods are fast with a runtime that is linear in the number of edges and able to scale to large real-world networks via an effective parallel implementation. The experimental results demonstrate the utility of edge roles for network analysis tasks on a variety of graphs from various problem domains.


Vertical Interference Tests (VIT) using wireline formation testers are industry standard tests to estimate the vertical permeability of reservoir pay zones. In general, the test interval is considered homogeneous for the interpretation, leading to an inaccurate estimation of vertical permeability (Kv) in complex geological systems like thin laminated beds, channel sands, etc. This paper presents a novel approach of accounting for this heterogeneity through use of petrophysical and borehole image-based rock-typing methods, thus leading to a more realistic characterization of vertical permeability.
 Advanced petrophysical logs and images are used to generate rock types through Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Stratigraphic Modified Lorentz Plot (SMLP) techniques. These rock types are then used as an input into vertical interference test interpretation model, thereby factoring in the reservoir heterogeneity for deriving the vertical permeability. This is followed by a sensitivity analysis to examine the impact of the permeability results in multiple geological systems like channel sands, thin bed lamination, near to fault, pinch outs etc.
 Vertical permeability (Kv) is a major input in majority of the advanced reservoir engineering calculations and has a significant impact on the field development plan and IOR/EOR techniques. This unique approach of accounting for rock types in a VIT interpretation model leads to a relatively good estimation of vertical permeability. The rock typing techniques used here, allow the user to define the number of layers and minimum interval thickness, which is extremely useful in highly laminated reservoirs. The sensitivity analysis plays a key role in understanding the utility limitations of both conventional and new approach in complex geological systems. In case of thick homogeneous reservoir, sand units, the conventional approach could be used with fairly accurate results. However, in cases of thin sand-shale units with low net-to-gross ratio, this approach gives a good estimation of layer-wise permeability distribution.
 This paper presents a unique blend of petrophysical and dynamic workflows into a novel workflow. The results from the sensitivity study, discussed in the paper, can be used as standard criteria in determining the best suitable technique for interpretation of a vertical interference test. This unique approach allows the user to optimize on the interpretation time and to simultaneously ensure the accuracy of results.


Using a hybrid of a simple interference technique and an application of the quantum Zeno effect, it is possible to optically determine the presence of an absorbing object with an arbitrarily low probability that a photon is actually absorbed. We have demonstrated the feasibility of systems in which up to 85% of the measurements could be interaction-free. Also, we have started investigating the possibility of using these techniques to allow interaction-free imaging of objects; our prototype schemes have shown resolutions of less than 10??m. Finally, we present a curious phenomenon that occurs when the object in question is only partially transmitting, which should allow a seeming violation of Beer's law.


This paper studies some connections between the main results of the Kalman-Bucy stochastic approach to filtering problems based mainly on linear stochastic estimation theory and emphasizing the optimality aspects of the achieved results and the classical deterministic frequency domain linear filters (such as Chebyshev, Butterworth, Bessel, etc.). A new non-stochastic but not necessarily deterministic (possibly nonlinear) alternative approach to signal filtering based mainly on concepts of signal power, signal energy, and an equivalence relation plays a dominant role in the presentation. Causality, error invariance, and especially error convergence properties are the most important and fundamental features of resulting filters. Therefore, it is natural to call them asymptotic filters. Although error convergence aspects are emphasized in the approach, it is shown that introducing the signal power as the quantitative measure of signal energy dissipation makes it possible to achieve reasonable results from the optimality point of view as well. The authors show that the notion of the asymptotic filter can be used as a proper tool for unifying stochastic and non-stochastic, linear and nonlinear approaches to signal filtering.


Preface Editorial Notes Chinese Dynasties Introduction lofty principles of dream interpretation by chen shiyuan Preface 1 part i . The Inner Chapters 1. The True Controller 2. The Long-Willow Method 3. Day and Night 4. The Various Forms of Divination 5. The Disciple of Emptiness 6. The Sage 7. The Six Types of Dreams 8. The Ancient Methods of Interpretation 9. Auspicious Events 10. Influences and Abnormal Conditions part ii . The Outer Chapters 1. Heaven 2. Sun and Moon 3. Thunder and Rain 4. Mountains and Rivers 5. Forms and Appearances 6. Food and Clothing 7. Utensils and Things 8. Valuables and Goods 9. Brush and Ink 10. Written Graphs 11. The Official Examinations 12. Gods and Strange Things 13. Longevity and Destiny 14. The Feng and Other Birds 15. Animals 16. Dragons and Snakes 17. Turtles and Fish 18. Plants and Trees 19. Reward and Retribution 20. On General Analogies List of Sources Index to Dream Narratives Preface


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling the radio frequency transmission over the downlink to the at least one mobile user of the plurality of antennas of the plurality of mobile user associated with the base station in a wireless communication system I will provide a. The method includes the step of tracking the channel based on feedback information indicating the state of the channel from the mobile station user, corresponding to the mobile station user of the plurality of mobile user. The method further for at least one mobile user, comprising the step of scheduling directional transmission based on the tracked channel of the plurality of mobile user.


The Northern Ireland peace process, which began to gather fragile momentum in the summer of 1993, opened up new artistic as well as political perspectives on the sectarian violence and religious bigotry which had plagued the province for a quarter of a century. The readiness of writers to anticipate and respond to the possibilities of peace was exemplified by Michael Longley's sonnet, 'Ceasefire', which was completed on 26 August and published in The Irish Times three days after the declaration of the first IRA ceasefire on 31 August 1994.1 Refracting the contemporary moment through the lens of Homer's Iliad, Longley offers a vision of reconciliation and forgiveness which, in the words of one critic, claims 'a deciding role for the aesthetic within the larger continuum of understanding between the warring sides'2 in the conflict. Northern novelists have shown themselves equally adept at what Declan Kiberd, in another context, has termed 'anticipatory illumination';3 and have been no less reluctant to respond imaginatively to the political changes taking place in the province. Many of their texts, too, claim a transformative role for the aesthetic in relation to the political and cultural processes. This essay examines one such novel, Seamus Deane's Reading in the Dark (1996), which was completed during the recent period of political negotiation in Northern Ireland.4 By locating it within a postcolonial theoretical paradigm, I wish to explore the ways in which the novel might fruitfully be read as a fictional extension of Deane's critical preoccupations within the Field Day project, an artistic enterprise which itself provided a sustained postcolonial analysis of the interrelationship of Irish history, politics and culture.


An indirect tax is a tax collected by an intermediary agents, from the person who bears the ultimate economic burden of the tax (such as the consumer). Further the intermediary forwards the tax proceeds to government and files the return. The Central Excise duty , Customs Duty, VAT and Service Tax were the major Indirect Taxes in India till 2017. One of the key reforms in the Indian Taxation System is the introduction of Goods and Services Tax(GST). It aims at eliminating the effect of double taxation. GST is a tax on value added by the Tax Payer, charged on the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. It is commonly contrasted with Value Added Tax, shortly known as VAT, which is an indirect tax levied at each stage of manufacture and distribution of goods on the incremental value. As VAT emerged as a reformation to the old sales tax to remove the cascading effect, GST was adopted over the VAT, which subsumed other taxes such as excise duty, surcharge, cess , entry tax and so forth, which liberalized the taxation system in India. The attempt of the study is to investigate the impact of GST on hospitality sector.


The self-excited vibration in feed system of groove machine is the main cause of restricting machining efficiency.A major part of vibration is originated from feed screw pair.Applying machine tool dynamics theory,the self-excited vibration mechanics model was built and analyzed theoretically.Screw axial stiffness and nut structure stiffness were calculated under different supporting modes.The structure with fixed supporting and double nuts was put forward to increase the stiffness and inhibit structure vibration.


In this paper, the interaction of bacitracin, an antispasmodic drug with fish sperm DNA (fsDNA) was studied. The interaction between bacitracin and fsDNA was investigated by fluorescence and UV-vis absorbance methods. The binding constants between bacitracin and fsDNA were calculated based on fluorescence quenching data at different temperatures. The negative ΔGo implied that the binding process was spontaneous and negative ΔHo and negative ΔSo suggested that hydrogen bonding force most likely played a major role in the binding of bacitracin and fsDNA. Moreover, the results obtained from viscometric method corroborate the experimental results obtained from spectroscopic investigations.


Steady-state and transient conductance measurements of gold nanobeads solutions deposited on top of interdigitated electrodes have been performed. It is shown that the application of an electric field of moderate value between electrodes during the drying process of the droplet makes the resulting steady-state conductance value to increase significantly. The dynamics of the gold nanobeads in the solution has been studied by means of transient current measurements during the drying process and the effects correlated to the changes in the morphology of the association of the gold nanobeads when they reach the substrate. It is seen that the application of the electric field foster the formation of gold beads monolayers, chains, and dendritic associations which, in combination with the humidity conditions of the sample surface, are believed to be the reasons for the conductance increase.


8 COVID-19 caused many disruptions, not only in society but also in education and teaching 9 environments, including for hydrology and water-related sciences. Taking part in an academic teaching 10 training course at Uppsala University during COVID-19 we got curious about how COVID-19 might 11 impact European water education. The aim of this paper is to communicate the results and reflect on 12 how the teaching of hydrology and water-related sciences changed due to COVID-19. We observed that 13 overall water education changed throughout Europe due to COVID-19. A literature review of the 14 common teaching techniques in the field and our survey indicates that hydrology educators use 15 preponderantly conservative teaching styles, i.e., classical lectures, and therefore these were rather 16 easily moved online during the pandemic. Overall, the COVID-19 crisis impacted student learning 17 negatively (reported by 67% of the respondents) while only 16.7% responded that the impact was 18 positive. The online interaction made it more difficult for the teachers to assess the achievement of the 19 learning outcomes. As most of the respondents (i.e., > 40%) reported that they do not use classroom 20 assessment techniques, the students' performances and whether students reached their learning 21 outcomes during distance teaching were largely unknown. Most affected learning activities were the 22 ones that could not be moved to online teaching, such as laboratory and field work. Hence, the important 23 knowledge of process understanding in hydrology will be missing for generations of hydrologists. In 24 this way, COVID-19 caused a secondary effect on society which needs skills to solve future challenges 25 https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-2022-5 Preprint. Discussion started: 8 February 2022 c © Author(s) 2022. CC BY 4.0 License.


Nozzle carrier (300) for the releasable fastening of a painting nozzle (210) at a Lackzerstaubereinrichtung (200) comprising a multi-functional ring-like housing (310) with a central through hole (311) for the paint passage, wherein the through hole (311) on the front side a receiving region with an internal thread (312) for direct screwing of the painting nozzle (210), and with two integrated Luftzufuhrsystemen for the atomizing air (Z) and for the horn air (H), wherein the housing module (310) a one-piece, manufactured by metal-cutting production, metal part, and in the housing module (310) integrated air supply systems include a Zerstauberluftleitung (317) and Horn air line (318) which are formed as separate holes in the wall of the housing module (310).


Objectives Using cohort data nested in a randomized trial conducted in Cameroon, this study aimed to investigate time trends and predictors of the susceptibility to transmitting HIV during the first 24 months of treatment. Methods The outcome, susceptibility to transmitting HIV, was defined as reporting inconsistent condom use and experiencing incomplete virological suppression. Mixed logistic regressions were performed to identify predictors of this outcome among 250 patients reporting to have had sexual relationships either with HIV-negative or unknown HIV status partner(s). Results Despite an initial decrease from 76% at M0 to 50% at M6, the rate of inconsistent condom use significantly increased from M12 (59%) to M24 (66%) (p = 0.017). However, the proportion of patients susceptible to transmitting HIV significantly decreased over follow-up from 76% at M0, to 50% at M6, 31% at M12 and 27% at M24 (p<0.001). After controlling for age, gender and intervention group, we found that perceiving healthcare staff's readiness to listen as poor (adjusted odds ratios (AOR) [95% Confidence Interval (CI)] = 1.87 [1.01–3.46]), reporting to have sexual relationships more than once per week (AOR [95%CI] = 2.52 [1.29–4.93]), having more than one sexual partner (AOR [95%CI] = 2.53 [1.21–5.30]) and desiring a/another child (AOR [95%CI] = 2.07 [1.10–3.87]) were all associated with a higher risk of being susceptible to transmitting HIV. Conversely, time since ART initiation (AOR [95%CI] = 0.66 [0.53–0.83] for an extra 6 months and ART adherence (AOR [95%CI] = 0.33 [0.15–0.72]) were significantly associated with a lower risk of being susceptible to transmitting HIV. Conclusions The decrease observed in the susceptibility to transmitting HIV suggests that fear of behavioural disinhibition should not be a barrier to universal access to ART. However, developing adequate preventive interventions matching patients' expectations -like the desire to have children- and strengthening healthcare staff's counselling skills are urgently needed to maximize the impact of ART in slowing the HIV epidemic.


The limited correlation of the old collections to the fos - siliferous sites and to the local stratigraphy prevented safe dating of the Samos mammal fauna for a long time. Two main approaches are known: that supporting the presence of two faunal assemblages and that of a single homogene - ous and isochronous fauna. The collected new material, and its detailed study and comparison allow the separation of three chronologically succeeding faunal assemblages MLN, MYT, MTL, ranging from the uppermost early Turolian to late middle Turolian. The updated correla - tion of the old collections with the local stratigraphy and their comparison with the new collection, as well as the magnetostratigraphic study of the fossiliferous Mytilinii Fm allow the precise dating of all fossil sites: a. Q5-? Limitzis, lowermost MN 13, 6.9-6.7 My; b. Q1, QA, S3,4, Adrianos, MTL, MN 12, ~7.1 My; c. Q3, S2,3, Potamies, MYT, MN 12, ~7.3 My; d. Q2, Stefano, MLN, lowermost MN 12, ~7.5 My; e. Qx, Vryssoula, upper part of MN 11, 8.0-7.6 My. The combination of old and new data concerning the Samos Turolian mammal faunas implies the establishment of four stages of evolution and refutes the "single fauna" approach.


Temperature glide of R-407C can present either an advantage or a disadvantage depending on the heat exchanger design. There is a need for counter-current heat exchangers whatever the type either air/refrigerant or liquid/refrigerant. For air/water heat pump, perfect counter-current design is possible for liquid/refrigerant heat exchangers whereas crossed current with counter~current tendency design is appropriate for air/refrigerant heat exchangers. The definition of external and internal flow rates permitting the limitation of the mean logarithmic temperature difference is an additional constraint. Tests performed on single row and multiple rows refrigerant/air heat exchangers are presented. Comparisons with R-22 performance indicate that higher energy efficiency can be obtained with R-407C and appropriate heat exchanger design. 1.1NTRODUCTION R-22 is one of the most widely used hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) for application such as residential room air conditioners, heat pumps, and refrigeration systems. The update of the European regulation EC3093/94 implies a quick phase out of HCFCs in the next 4 years (2001 to 2004). One of the potential substitutes, R-407C, is a mixture of R-32/R-125/R-134a (23/25/52 wt%). Therefore new heat exchangers design aiming at maximum energy efficiency when using this non-azeotropic mixture deserve to be investigated. Tests performed on single-row and multiple-row refrigerant/air heat exchangers are presented. Comparisons between R-22 and R-407C condenser and evaporator performances are also presented 2. R-407C PROPERTIES 2.1. Heat-Exchange Coefficient In Evaporating And Condensing Because of different volatility of components, the phase change of refrigerant blends is associated with a mass transfer and a composition shift. Consequently, an associated mass resistance will exist. Many works conclude that the heat exchange coefficient decreases with refrigerant blends. For appropriate analyses of tests and calculations, thermophysical and thermodynamic properties need to be taken into account. Thermophysical properties of the liquid phase of R-407C are more suited, as shown in table 1 . The ratio between the thermal conductivity and the liquid thermal viscosity indicates the ability to the thermal heat exchange taking into account the viscosity limitation. Because R-407C contains R-32, the blend presents both a better thermal conductivity and a much lower viscosity than R~22. Based on this comparison, R~407C could be expected to present higher heat transfer coefficient. Eighth International Refrigeration Conference at 39 Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USAJuly 25-28,2000 Table 1 -Heat exchange properties of 4 refrigerants in liquid phase From H.M.Pham and values according to Refprop 6 Refrigerant 'A Liquid conductivity (W/m.K) at ooc J..l Liquid viscosity (mPa.s) at ooc Ratio A/J..L Ratio Alg referred to R-22 R-22 R-41 OA R-407C 0.095 0.114 0.1 0.218 0.166 0.209 0.435 0.687 0.478 1 1.57 1.1 R-134a 0.092 0.271 0.339 0.78 Tests were performed on a test bench developed by the Centre for Energy Studies of Ecole des Mines de Paris. Figures 1 and 2 present the results for a single-row heat-exchanger, with only one circuit. The tube external diameter is 7mm, the pitch of slit fins is 1.6mm. Testing parameters are as follows: • various mass flow rates • constant superheating at the evaporator and • super-cooling ranging between 3 and 5 K. Comparisons of tested heat exchangers are based on the global heat exchange coefficient U for each measurement point. This global heat exchange coefficient is calculated from the mean logarithmic temperature difference L! TLM. Power U=----Aext ·ATLM where and T =he -hs sess Note: it is essenti~ to use the average entropic temperature T to compare pure refrigerants and zeotropic blends. T permits to take into account both the temperature variation associated with the refrigerant blend phase change and the pressure losses associated with the various mass flow rates, for pure refrigerants as well as for blends.


As the cultural climate toward smoking changes, restrictive workplace smoking policies are becoming widely accepted by both employers and employees. There is, however, a crucial difference between those policies which accommodate reserved areas for smoking and those which do not. Smokers at work tend to prefer the former especially when the alternative is a total ban. An evaluation of a smoking ban implemented at a Scottish University in October 1997 suggests that the total ban is not only unpopular with smokers but also among non-smokers who experience unintended consequences of the new policy. The greatest complaint from non-smokers stems from the relocation of smoking to outside and particularly around the entrances to University buildings. This relocation has increased environmental pollution for those entering and leaving work, presents a poor image to outsiders and visitors, creates unsightly smoking debris and heightens the risk of fire. Furthermore, employees who smoke outside, in all weathers, have aroused the sympathies of a large number of their non-smoking colleagues. These unintended consequences have prompted many non-smoking staff to favour the reinstatement of reserved smoking areas inside work. In this article we argue, however, that this is not a sensible solution and that there may indeed be some advantage in increasing the visibility of smokers at work. In the short term non-smoking staff become more aware of the problems faced by smokers. In the longer term, this raised awareness may have implications for changing organizational attitudes to the provision of health intervention programmes at the University. Certainly, continuing organizational-based cessation support might demonstrate, alongside a restrictive smoking policy, a less punitive and more caring approach to the promotion of health-related behavioural change at work. Out of sight, out of mind: workplace smoking bans and the relocation of smoking at work


The winter maintenance of roads in the UK costs approximately #140 million per annum, of which #40 million is spent on motorways and trunk roads. This paper is a review of the cost effectiveness of winter maintenance, and an examination of the impact of this activity upon the number of accidents, using Stats 19 data. More accurate weather forecasts are an important factor in cost savings. The UK Meteorological Office offer the Open Road package to highway authorities and Ocean Routes offer a similar service. Estimates of the cost of winter maintenance of roads are presented in this paper.


To the longitudinal axis (119), and the tongue side surface (141), the side surface of the face side (142), the base portion for engagement with a dental implant and (115), coronal portion of tapered and (135) dental restoration system including a dental abutment (100) having is disclosed. Further, the dental abutment (100) is provided with emergence profile portion between the base portion (115) coronal portion tapered as (135) and (140). Emergence profile portion (140) has at least a first concave (132) and at least a first convex surface (133). Further, the dental abutment (100) can comprise a small terminations unit located at the upper end of the coronal portion of the margin shoulder (150) and tapering are inclined between adjacent teeth (135) (137) . Alternative embodiment of the dental abutment also disclosed.


The polymerization of isobutylene using o3Al coinitiator and the tertiary chlorides tert.-butyl chloride (t-BuCl) and 2,6-dichloro-2,6-dimethylheptane (Clt-R-Clt) initiators has been studied. Polymerization rates with the t-BuCl/o3Al and Clt-R-Clt/o3Al initiating systems were high in the −20 to −70°C range. Yields and molecular weights increased with decreasing temperature. As predicted by model experiments the extent of phenylation increases with decreasing temperatures. According to spectroscopic evidence the polyisobutylenes carry phenyl end groups.


This article described problems in development of new protective constructions against Rift Valley fever virus infection. There is the analysis of Russian and foreign researches for construction attenuated, inactivated, recombinant and DNA-vaccines in this article. It demonstrates that DNA-vaccine have an advantage over traditional vaccines.


Despite the presence of new presidents in Taiwan and the US, the basic dynamics of the US-China-Taiwan triangle and the dilemmas faced by leaders on all three sides have remained largely intact. This paper looks at how Chen Shui-bian and George W. Bush have tried to change the policies and practices they inherited from their predecessors. Chen has shown himself to be a less provocative president, and Bush has adopted more supportive and sympathetic policies toward Taiwan. Despite their personal inclinations, they have been able to make only marginal changes in their relations with the other, and with China. Domestic political conflicts and competing strategic interests prevent a fundamental change in relations between the US, China, and Taiwan.


Background: Recent advances in diagnostic and surgical techniques have brought major changes in the clinical presentation, diagnosis and the surgical management of mediastinal masses. Indian literature in this scenario is deficient, which our retrospective descriptive study aims to address. Methods: Details of patients operated for mediastinal masses from January 2007 November 2013 in two units at NIMS were collected. Clinical presentation, symptomatology, radiological/pathological findings, surgical approaches, intraoperative/immediate/intermediate post-operative results were evaluated and analysed. Results: Of the 75 patients, (48 males, range 10 years to 65 years) 2 deaths were due to complications following exacerbation of myasthenia gravis, and two patients died due to post-operative bleeding. Thymicneoplasms were the most common, followed by neurogenic tumours. Most common presentation was myasthenia gravis, followed by nonspecific back pain. 4% of patients had symptoms due to local compressive effects. Tumour was in the anterior mediastinum, middle and posterior mediastinum in 53, 16 and 6 cases respectively. Surgery done with a curative intent was through sternotomy (59), posterolateral thoracotomy (14), and combined sternotomy and cervical route (2). Residual tumour was present in 5 cases due to nerve involvement. Follow up was 98% (2 months to 6 years). 3 patients died of unrelated causes and one developed multiple lung metastases. 2 patients with neurogenic tumours developed recurrence. Conclusions: Inadequately optimized myasthenia patients and superior vena cava obstruction are poor prognostic factors. Complete excision may not be possible in neurogenic extension to spine even with concomitant neurosurgery. Neurological infiltration has a poorer prognosis.


Transcritical vapor compression system comprises a compressor assembly (12) comprising an oil separator for separating oil from the refrigerant (32). Oil separator in subcritical portion of the vapor compression system is disposed between the motor (26) and the compression chamber (28). Oil released from the drive assembly mounted on the motor is substantially removed from the refrigerant before flowing into the compression chamber of the compressor.


Abstract The structure of water (4% D 2 O in H 2 O, v/v) solubilized by the reverse aggregates of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate [Na(AOT)] in heptane and by magnesium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate [Mg(AOT) 2 ] in toluene has been probed by FT-IR. The ν OD band of solubilized HOD has been recorded as a function of the [water]/[surfactant] molar ratio, W/S, up to the phase separation boundary for Na(AOT), W/S of 60, and to W/S of 33 for Mg(AOT) 2 . Curve-fitting of this band showed the presence of main peaks at 2530 ± 19 and 2523 ± 7 cm −1 , and small peaks at 2355 ± 43 and 2352 ± 18 cm −1 for Na(AOT) and Mg(AOT) 2 , respectively. Over the entire W/S range, the main peak corresponds to 92 ± 3% (Na(AOT)) and 92 ± 2% (Mg(AOT) 2 ) of the total peak area. For each surfactant, as a function of increasing W/S, the frequency of the main peak decreases, whereas its full width at half-height increases; values of both properties at W/S of 60 for Na(AOT) and at W/S of 33 for Mg(AOT) 2 are close to the corresponding ones for HOD in bulk aqueous phase. These results show that the aggregate-solubilized water, although different from bulk water, does not seem to coexist in "layers" of different structures, as suggested by the multistate water solubilization model.


The next two chapters, by Natalia Karakulina and Olga Sobolev respectively, center on Vladimir Maiakovskii and Aleksandr Blok and the competing outcomes of their inclusion within the Soviet canon and especially school curriculum. Karakulina argues that there's a continuity between Soviet and post-Soviet evaluations of Maiakovskii, which pays little attention to Maiakovskii's avant-garde roots and the complexities of his biography. If canonization dumbed Maiakovskii down, it created an alternative space for Blok: the intelligentsia was drawn to Blok not because of the revolutionary ethos of Dvenadtsat ,́ but because "he essentially remained a lyric poet in the Romantic tradition" (143). Blok's place within the current canon draws on these two vacillating tendencies. Andrew Cahn is similarly interested in how canonization resists complexities in the case of Osip Mandel śhtam both in Russia and the west. The debates about his "Oda" to Stalin, which began in the 90s, both complicate Mandel śhtam's relationship with the Soviet regime and the heroizing of the poet in the US and Great Britain during the Cold War. A number of chapters turn to the poets who were left out of the Soviet canon, and introduced into the post-Soviet one: from Ivan Bunin to the émigré figures of the interwar period and 1920s to the later Elena Shvarts. As Alexandra Smith concludes in her chapter on the first-wave émigré poets and Marina Tsvetaeva, in particular, "a desire to construct an image of Russia without borders appears to be indicative of the emerging Russophone poetic canon" (392). The question is again how this tendency will play out in the current retrograde Russian political climate. Emil Lygo and Katharine Hodgson examine how the Soviet poets grow in complexity once out of the strictures of the Soviet canon. Using Boris Slutskii as a case study, Hodgson stresses how "the changing canon reveals Slutskii as a figure who demonstrates the inadequacy of simplistic divisions between official and unofficial poetry . . . and the power of poetic innovation" (288). Lygo argues something very similar in regard to the Thaw generation of poets, from Evgenii Evtushenko, Bella Akhmadulina, Andrei Voznesenskii, and Robert Rozhdestvenskii to some of the less official figures. There is a clear waning of interest in the poetic stars of the Thaw, which, Lygo claims, can be explained by their association with the Soviet regime. There's a greater interest, therefore, with the poets of the 1970s underground, "who were . . . cut off from and in opposition to the authorities" (354). Yet, as Slutskii's biography suggests, the official can hardly be separated from the unofficial. A piece on the underground poets would have been therefore welcome. Stephanie Sandler's chapter on some of the most promising contemporary poets and trends provides a fitting coda for the collection. She emphasizes how we need to "see canon creation as the work of culture, as a process that is open-ended . . ." (393). In this spirit, this excellent volume both answers the questions it poses and leaves them productively open. No scholar of Russian poetry and culture should bypass it.


The characteristics of turbulence in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and the aerosol optical and radiative properties during haze and haze–fog mixed episodes on 22–27 January 2021, in Shenyang, a provincial city in Northeast China, were analyzed using meteorological and aerosol observations. During the haze episode, the hourly mean PM2.5 concentration reached a maximum of 337 µg m−3 and visibility decreased to 1.6 km. The PM2.5 concentration decreased gradually during the haze–fog mixed episode as a result of the scavenging effects of fog, but visibility mostly remained below 1 km owing to high ambient relative humidity (>90%). During the haze–fog mixed episode, an increasing proportion of PM2.5 led to a higher ratio of the backward to the total scattering coefficient. As fog occurred, downward shortwave radiation arriving at the surface was significantly reduced, and upward longwave radiation increased and almost equaled the downward longwave radiation, which can be used as a good indicator for distinguishing haze and fog. Mechanical turbulence was weak during both episodes, and latent heat flux varied within a wider range during the haze–fog mixed episode. The PBL dynamic structure affected the vertical distribution of aerosols/fog droplets. Aerosol-rich layers appeared at altitudes below 0.5 km and above 0.6 km during the haze episode. The elevated aerosol layer was related to the aerosol transport from upstream polluted areas caused by strong upper-level turbulence, and it began to mix vertically after sunrise because of convective turbulence. Aerosols and fog droplets were mostly trapped in a shallower PBL with a height of 0.2–0.4 km during the haze–fog mixed episode because of weaker turbulence.


This article approached the concept, content, action of the firm's safety culture and the relationship between environment culture safety education, accident prevention. It pointed out to create safety culture of perfect and have self characteristic, boost safety manage creativity further.


We document how a shock to investment opportunities at one plant ("treated plant") spills over to other plants within the same firm, but only if the firm is financially constrained. To provide the treated plant with resources, headquarters withdraws capital and labor from other plants, especially from plants that are relatively less productive, not part of the firm's core industries, and located far away from headquarters. As a result of the resource reallocation, aggregate firm-wide productivity increases. We do not find any evidence of capital or labor spillovers among plants of financially unconstrained firms.


We present deep photometry obtained with the HST in an outer LMC field. A well-defined main sequence is seen down to V > 26. We derive a luminosity function from the data and use it to constrain the IMF and the star formation history. We derive limits on the IMF slope, ɑ(with dN/∝dM^ɑ), from stars on the main sequence which are fainter than the oldest turnoff. For most choices of star formation history and metallicity, we derive slopes which are consistent the Salpeter (ɑ= -2.35) or local solar neighborhood IMF, although the preferred values are steeper. We can rule out IMF slopes shallower than -1.6 and steeper than -3.1 for the mass range 0.6≾M≾1.1 M_☉. Assuming a Salpeter IMF over the entire observed mass range, we derive star formation histories from the entire luminosity function, which covers the mass range 0.6≾M≾1.1 3 M_☉. We find that the luminosity function is inconsistent with the scenario in which the bulk of the field stars in the LMC are younger than 4 Gyr. Instead, we find that there must be a comparable number of stars older and younger than 4 Gyr. Our best model has a star formation rate which is roughly constant for 10 Gyr then increases by about a factor of three for the past 2 Gyr. Such a model is also roughly consistent with the distribution of stars in the color-magnitude diagram. Similar model parameters are derived if we adopt the Kroupa, Tout, and Gilmore solar neighborhood LMF instead of a Salpeter slope. Alternatively, we can fit the luminosity function with a predominantly young population if we use a steeper single power law IMF slope with ɑ ~-2.75 over the entire range of observed masses.


the development and construction of digital resources, analyzing the necessity of the construction, and the car, to clarify the significance of project construction, determine the design all aspects of the teaching application platform, customized development with "car" industrial chain as the core of professional application system of digital teaching objectives, create a set of "application platform building, teaching, training center, university-enterprise cooperation, brand" in the integration of the overall solution.


In this letter, we focus on how to boost the performance of person re-identification by exploring the discriminative information among person pairs. A novel dependence-aware feature coding framework is proposed for this task. Specifically, we employ the Hilbert–Schmidt independence criterion as the discriminative term, which is to explore the dependence between different kinds of person pairs, i.e., the same person pairs should be dependence maximized, while the different ones should be dependence minimized. Theoretical discussion and analysis on the convexity of the proposed constraint, as well as the convergence of our algorithm, are provided. Experimental results on two benchmark datasets have demonstrated the advantages of our method over the state-of-the-art alternatives.


Tiberius' speech at the outset of the trial of Cn. Calpurnius Piso, as Tacitus reports it at Annals 3.12, sheds light on two discrepancies between relatio and response in the recently published senatus consultum de Cn. Pisone patre (hereafter SCPP).


Ion beam assisted evaporation was used to deposit cubic and hexagonal boron nitride thin films. Boron was evaporated and bombardment was by argon and nitrogen ions. The effect of preparation conditions on the resulting phase was studied, and the relationship between the phase and the energy and momentum transferred into the film through ion bombardment was examined. It is shown that for a given temperature, the controlling factor in the resulting thin film phase is the momentum transferred into the film per depositing boron atom. At 300–400 °C a sharp threshold value of momentum‐per‐atom exists below which films are hexagonal and above which they are cubic. For 400 °C this threshold occurred at 200 (eV×amu)1/2 which is equal to 3.3×10−21 m kg s−1. Depositions performed using krypton and xenon instead of argon as the second bombarding gas confirmed this momentum‐per‐atom value. A second threshold was also observed, which was bombarding species dependent, above which either complete resputtering of the depo...


Through a model of Game Theory, this article analyzes the dilemma that banks will face when they want to identify borrower's credit qualification by the censoring-before-loaning, and opens out a micro-mechanism of credit rationing which happens in SMEs' credit loaning. Based on the analysis, this article agrees that the key of the solution to SMEs' financing problem is to build a good social credit environment and to upgrade SMEs' whole credit level.


An approximate formulation of the problem of dynamic plastic instability in a thin sheet of material subjected primarily to enertial forces is presented. It is shown that the classic static plastic instability condition reappears with a new and more detailed interpretation. When perturbations are introduced at strain values less than the critical strain, they tend to smooth out in a calculable and rapid rate. When similar perturbations are introduced or remain after the critical strain level is passed, they develop in a calculable way at a progressively accelerated rate. The details depend strongly on whether or not perturbations are themselves work hardened. The size of a critical flaw is related to the strain rate, with the consequence that the definition of quasi-state conditions in the context of the present theory becomes self-evident. The net distortion of the perturbation depends strongly on the rate of expansion of the plate and the size of the perturbation in ways that are shown by analytical and numerical solutions of the equations.


The invention discloses a simple stereoscopic garage, which comprises a body frame (1), supporting arms (2), a lifting power device (3), a lifting rack (4) and a vehicle carrying table (5). The body frame (1) comprises two track beam racks (6) which are located on two sides of the lifting rack (4), the two track beam racks (6) and the ground encircle to form a lower-layer garage space, each track beam rack (6) comprises a bottom longitudinal beam (61), a horizontal track beam (62) and a lifting track beam (63), a lifting device (7) is arranged in each track beam rack (6), one end of each supporting arm (2) is hinged with the front of the lifting rack (4) while the other end of the supporting arm (2) is hinged with the body frame (1), two traction rods (8) which are connected with the lifting devices (7) are respectively hinged on two sides of the rear of the lifting rack (4), the vehicle carrying table (5) is disposed on the lifting rack (4), and a space which utilizes the vehicle carrying table (5) as a bottom plane forms an upper-layer garage space. Vehicles on upper and lower layers of the garage can be stored independently, the original ground is not damaged, and construction cost of a single parking lot is low.


We consider the eigenvalue problem of the form Lu = λu+f (x)|u| p−1 u with Dirichlet boundary condition and p non critical exponent, where L is a special case of Polyharmonic elliptic operator. We prove the existence and multiplicity of the solutions under certain conditions on λ, f, Ω.


This paper investigates how colour was perceived differently in the European Middle Ages and carried significance beyond what we ascribe it today. It also considers how the various colours worked a ...


Psychological quality education is considered the basic project of quality education.It is a new educational notion and activity to conduct the psychologial quality education on students.However,its basic work is to improve teachers'quality.During our daily work,if we can take advantage of the chance whenever possible,and give our students psychological education specifically,we'll achieve much more with less efforts.


The anaerobic baffled reactor was filled with half-fibrous carriers.Experiment cultivated acidogenic bacteria biofilm to treat organic wastewater by using separate performance of the reactor and inoculating aerobic surplus sludge.The paper researched the effect of volume loading,temperature and hydraulic retention time on the efficiency of reactor,and studied the situation of COD and pH in different rooms.Under the condition of influence COD concentration of about 1?000mg/L and hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 3~6 hours,the removal rate of soluble COD achieved 192%~261%


Semiconductor industry has been taking the advantage of improvements in process technology in order to maintain reduced device geometries and stringent performance specifications. This results in semiconductor manufacturing processes became hundreds in sequence, it is continuously expected to be increased. This may in turn reduce the yield. With a large amount of investment at stake, this motivates tighter process control and fault diagnosis. The continuous improvement in semiconductor industry demands advancements in process control and monitoring to the same degree. Any fault in the process must be detected and classified with a high degree of precision, and it is desired to be diagnosed if possible. The detected abnormality in the system is then classified to locate the source of the variation. The performance of a fault detection system is directly reflected in the yield. Therefore a highly capable fault detection system is always desirable. In this research, time series modeling of the data from an etch equipment has been investigated for the ultimate purpose of fault diagnosis. The tool data consisted of number of different parameters each being recorded at fixed time points. As the data had been collected for a number of runs, it was not synchronized due to variable delays and offsets in data acquisition system and networks. The data was then synchronized using a variant of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm. The AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was then applied on the synchronized data. The ARIMA model combines both the Autoregressive model and the Moving Average model to relate the present value of the time series to its past values. As the new values of parameters are received from the equipment, the model uses them and the previous ones to provide predictions of one step ahead for each parameter. The statistical comparison of these predictions with the actual values, gives us the each parameter's probability of fault, at each time point and (once a run gets finished) for each run. This work will be extended by applying a suitable probability generating function and combining the probabilities of different parameters using Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST). DST provides a way to combine evidence that is available from different sources and gives a joint degree of belief in a hypothesis. This will give us a combined belief of fault in the process with a high precision.


Objective: A new fluoride varnish (Embrace™) containing xylitol-coated calcium and phosphate (CXP™) claims to release ten times more fluoride over a four-hour period than leading fluoride varnishes. The purpose of this study was to compare the quantity and rate of fluoride release from enamel of a newly marketed fluoride varnish compared to three other fluoride systems.
Study design: Human third molars were cut into sections and Embrace™, Enamel Pro®, Duraphat®, or Vanish™ fluoride varnish were applied to the enamel surfaces. Specimens were immersed in synthetic saliva which was replaced at tested intervals. The concentration of fluoride in ppm was measured after specified hourly intervals during the first week and then weekly until the limit of detection (LOD). Mean cumulative fluoride release and rate of release were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA/Tukey (α=0.05).
Results: Significant differences existed between groups (p Enamel Pro®>Duraphat®=Vanish™. Rate of fluoride depletion is Embrace™>Duraphat®=Enamel Pro®=Vanish™.
Conclusions: Embrace™ had the greatest initial fluoride release, exceeding ten times the release of a leading fluoride varnish in the first four hours; however, Embrace™ had the highest rate of fluoride depletion and lowest substantivity of all varnishes tested.


Nowadays, our society is pervaded in a huge number of images and there is no time to reflect. Children and adolescents are vulnerable witness, accepting a sweetened violence, which underlies the adoption of aggressive behavior as the most effectively way to get an end. In such a scenario, it is unavoidable proactive intervention in order to prevent possible outbreaks of bullying. In spite de fact


Competition law was viewed as a key instrument under democracy to address entrenched corporate power, in the context of liberalisation. This article examines South Africa's competition law regime and the changing strategies of large firms through three industry case studies. In the industry studies we assess, first, how corporate strategies have evolved to protect market power and the rents derived from this power and, second, how the competition regime has affected economic power and its exercise. We reflect on the overall record of the competition authorities in light of the outcomes observed.


Powder samples as well as red and transparent single crystals of the Zintl phase Cs7NaSi8 were synthesized and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. Cs7NaSi8 was found to be isotypic to the recently reported phase Rb7NaSi8. It crystallizes in the Rb7NaGe8 structure type forming trigonal pyramidal Si44– anions. Two unique environments of the cations are observed, a linear arrangement [Na(Si4)2]7– with short Na–Si distances of 3.0 A and a Cs2 atom coordinated by six Si44– anions with long Cs–Si distances of 4.2 A. The bonding situation was investigated by a combined application of 29Si, 23Na, and 133Cs solid-state NMR spectroscopy and quantum mechanical calculations of the NMR coupling parameters. In addition the electronic density of states (DOS), the electron localizability indicator (ELI) and the atomic charges using the QTAIM approach were studied. Good agreement of the calculated and experimental values of the NMR coupling parameters was obtained. An anisotropic bonding situation of the silicon atoms is indicated by the chemical shift anisotropy being similar to Rb7NaSi8. Confirmation is given by the observation of one lone-pair-like feature for each silicon atom and two types of two-center Si–Si bonds using the ELI. Calculation and NMR spectroscopic determination of the 23Na and 133Cs electric field gradients prove anisotropies of the charge distribution around the cations. Due to the similar values for the Na atoms in M7NaSi8 (M = Rb, Cs) equal bonding situations can be concluded. The much larger anisotropy of the charge distribution of the Cs atoms can be addressed as the main difference to Rb7NaSi8.


Background Real-time QA is a challenge for short-expiry, high-risk aseptic products and is often retrospective. There are documented examples of quality failure with aseptic manufacture. Rapid microbiological methods (RMMs) have been used in the pharmaceutical and food industry for many years and early pilot work from our group with aseptic national health service (NHS) products has been encouraging. Purpose To evaluate three commercial RMM technologies for their ability to improve the traditional QA processes associated with NHS aseptic manufactured products. Materials and methods The three commercial RMM systems evaluated were BacT/ALERT (bioMerieux), AkuScreen (Celsis) and BactiFlow ALS (AES Chemunex). A deliberate contamination study was carried out in which 50 µl of four microbes was inoculated into four aseptic products (heparin 100 u/ml; parenteral nutrition (PN) 7.5%; vancomycin inj. 10 mg/2 ml and methotrexate inj. 15 mg/0.6 ml) and left for 10 min (final concentration 10–100 CFU/ml). Total aerobic microbial counts (TAMC) were compared with RMM results. All work was carried out in a Grade A environment. Results The recovery rates are presented below as percentage concordance together with time to detection. All three RMM systems were able to provide 100% concordance when used to detect contamination in PN and heparin within their recommended time frames. All rapid methods had problems recovering Gram +ve organisms from vancomycin and methotrexate, although recovery of other organisms from these products was equivalent. The BacT/ALERT system was technically the easiest to use and had the highest concordance when results were read after 3 days. Conclusions The authors believe this data describes a true reflection of the alternative rapid detection methods and demonstrates that RMM can improve QA of selected NHS manufactured aseptic products. GRP013 Table 1 Traditional BactiFlow ALS AKu Screen BacT/ALERT Time to detection 7–14 Days 24 h 18 h 3 Days Concordance: TAMC versus RMM 100% 78% 79% 88%


The existing research on physical layer security commonly assumes the number of eavesdropper antennas to be known. Although this assumption allows one to easily compute the achievable secrecy rate, it can hardly be realized in practice. In this paper, we provide an innovative approach to studying secure communication systems without knowing the number of eavesdropper antennas by introducing the concept of spatial constraint into physical layer security. Specifically, the eavesdropper is assumed to have a limited spatial region to place (possibly an infinite number of) antennas. From a practical point of view, knowing the spatial constraint of the eavesdropper is much easier than knowing the number of eavesdropper antennas. We derive the achievable secrecy rates of the spatially-constrained system with and without friendly jamming. We show that a non-zero secrecy rate is achievable with the help of a friendly jammer, even if the eavesdropper places an infinite number of antennas in its spatial region. Furthermore, we find that the achievable secrecy rate does not monotonically increase with the jamming power, and hence, we obtain the closed-form solution of the optimal jamming power that maximizes the secrecy rate.


Summary Prophylactic effects of diphenylhydantoin vs. anoxia in rats are confirmed for mice also. Oral administration of 0.2 mg/kg of neostigmine bromide to mice reduces mortality in severe anoxia but larger doses are not prophylactic. Together, the 2 agents prevented death of any of 40 mice exposed to anoxic conditions simultaneously killing 27 of 40 untreated mice.


Maximum likelihood and uniform minimum variance unbiased estimators of steady-state probability distribution of system size, probability of at least ℓ customers in the system in steady state, and certain steady-state measures of effectiveness in the M/M/1 queue are obtained/derived based on observations on X, the number of customer arrivals during a service time. The estimators are compared using Asympotic Expected Deficiency (AED) criterion leading to recommendation of uniform minimum variance unbiased estimators over maximum likelihood estimators for some measures.


Describes the recovery project for the Lefebvre Paper Mill at Isola Liri, Frosinone, Italy. The project is aimed at adapting the old facilities of the mill to be used as the Museo della Civilta della Carta e della Telecomunicazione. The author describes a visitor's route around the museum and discusses the solutions and materials (the different architectural metals, wood and stone) used in making this route possible. Particular emphasis is placed on the solutions for the covering and the connective elements between spaces, such as walkways and pedestrian bridges.


We study the connection between the rate at which a rumor spreads throughout a graph and the conductance of the graph—a standard measure of a graph's expansion properties. We show that for any n-node graph with conductance φ, the classical PUSH-PULL algorithm distributes a rumor to all nodes of the graph in O(φ log n) rounds with high probability (w.h.p.). This bound improves a recent result of Chierichetti, Lattanzi, and Panconesi [6], and it is tight in the sense that there exist graphs where Ω(φ log n) rounds of the PUSH-PULL algorithm are required to distribute a rumor w.h.p. We also explore the PUSH and the PULL algorithms, and derive conditions that are both necessary and sufficient for the above upper bound to hold for those algorithms as well. An interesting finding is that every graph contains a node such that the PULL algorithm takes O(φ log n) rounds w.h.p. to distribute a rumor started at that node. In contrast, there are graphs where the PUSH algorithm requires significantly more rounds for any start node. 1998 ACM Subject Classification G.3 [Mathematics of Computing]: Probability and Statistics


Objective To investigate the antitumor activity of F90,a novel small molecular target drug,in human malignant glioma cell line SHG-44.Methods Antitumor activity of F90 was detected using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and colony formation test.Effects of F90 on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway and apopotosis relating proteins were investigated using western blot assay.Results F90 inhibited SHG-44 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner as evidenced by MTT assay and colony formation test in vitro.The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50 s) of F90 on cell growth and colony-forming were 5.08±1.21 μmol/L and 0.14±0.03 μmol/L,respectively.F90 inhibited phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream signaling protein,up-regulated P53 and down-regulated BCL-2.Conclusions Interference of EGFR pathway may be the mecanism of antitwmor actiuity of F90 on SHG cau in vitro.


In those situations in which a question asks for information about an individual, the answer may depend on general domain knowledge, but usually it also depends on specific characteristics of that individual. If the specific characteristics are incomplete or even absent from the knowledge base, the general knowledge can point to several alternative answers. In order to decide which of them applies to that particular individual it is necessary to complete the lacking knowledge. In this paper we present an approach to this problem in the context of a first-order knowledge base. The general problem here is that a question of the form find X such that q(X), where q is a predicate symbol and X is an n-tuple of variables, may have in the usual proof systems an answer q(T1) ∨ . . . ∨ q(Tk), k ≥ 2, where each Ti is an n-tuple of terms; and in some scenarios such a disjunctive answer may be considered too imprecise to be helpfull. Here we present a method that allows, from a proof tree resulting from a deduction of q(T1) ∨ . . . ∨ q(Tk), the contruction of a justificatory answer, an answer that gives conditions under which each disjunct q(Ti) is true. Each condition of a justificatory answer gives a "concise" justification of a disjunct resembling an abductive explanation for the disjunct, but a special one in that each condition of a justificatory answer is derived from an actual proof of q(T1) ∨ . . . ∨ q(Tk). As in abductive explanation, in general several alternative justificatory answers are possible, and the choice of a "good" one depends on knowledge of the appropriate vocabulary.


A case of a foreign body stone which formed on an indwelling catheter that was left in the urinary bladder for a long time is described. Foreign body stones are composed primarily of a mixture of struvite and carbonate apatite, which are components of infection stones. The foreign body can be iatrogenic, accidentally or self-induced, or endogenous, suggesting that a variety of materials can serve as the nucleus for the stone.


Conditions have been standardized for the p~_
paration and storage of hydrofuramide, which
can be used with advanta~e in place of furfural in
the Baudouln test. The procedure described for
the preparation of hydrofuramide gives a pure
product in a yield of 58 per cent. The produ(:t
when stored in polyethylene (:ups at 37°C. is stable
for two months; stored at room temperature
(25_30°C.), and in the absence of light and mois.
ture, it is stable for at least six months. The
colour produced in sesame oil and sulphuric acid
with the stored product is comparable to that
produced by an equivalent amount of furfuraL


A description of the space of G-connections using the tangent groupoid is given. As the tangent groupoid parameter is away from zero, the G-connections act as convolution operators on a Hilbert space. The gauge action is examined in the tangent groupoid description of the G-connections. Tetrads are formulated as Dirac type operators. The connection variables and tetrad variables in Ashtekar's gravity are presented as operators on a Hilbert space.


Counterfeiting has always been a concern, costing a significant amount of money and causing losses in international trading markets. Radio frequency identification (RFID) tag Anti-counterfeiting is a conceptual solution that has received attention in the past few years. In this article, we present a survey study on the research topic of anti-counterfeiting products using RFID tags on merchandise. As this issue evolved in industry, there were several techniques used to address the problem; each technique uses a different concept and mechanism in resolving the issue. Each technique also has different pros and cons which we will address at the end of this paper with our findings. As we explore RFID technology and its implementation, we will discuss previous research before proceeding to the core of the topic of RFID Anti-counterfeiting based on the methods used. We compare the different techniques used at the end of the paper.


This paper deals with the inverse scattering problem of reconstructing the material properties of perfectly conducting or dielectric cylindrical objects. The material properties are reconstructed from measured far‐field scattering data provided by the Electromagnetics Technology Division, AFRL/SNH, 31 Grenier Street, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731‐3010. The measured data have to be calibrated for use in our reconstruction algorithm. The inverse scattering problem formulated as unconstrained nonlinear optimization problem is numerically solved using an iterative scheme with a variable calibration factor which will be determined during the optimization process. Numerical examples show the successful application of the method to the measured data.


As an important symbol and carrier of regional social and economic activities, population mobility is a vital force to promote the re-agglomeration and diffusion of social and economic factors. An accurate and timely grasp on the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on population mobility between cities is of great significance for promoting epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development. This study proposes a theoretical framework for resilience assessment, using centrality and nodality, hierarchy and matching, cluster, transmission, and diversity to measure the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on population mobility in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration in 2020–2022, based on the migration data of AutoNavi and social network analysis. The results show that the COVID-19 epidemic had different impacts on the population network resilience of the BTH urban agglomeration based on the scale and timing. During the full-scale outbreak of the epidemic, strict epidemic prevention and control measures were introduced. The measures, such as social distancing and city and road closure, significantly reduced population mobility in the BTH urban agglomeration, and population mobility between cities decreased sharply. The population mobility network's cluster, transmission, and diversity decreased significantly, severely testing the network resilience. Due to the refinement of the epidemic control measures over time, when a single urban node was impacted, the urban node did not completely fail, and consequently it had little impact on the overall cluster, transmission, and diversity of the population mobility network. Urban nodes at different levels of the population mobility network were not equally affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The findings can make references for the coordination of epidemic control measures and urban development. It also provides a new perspective for the study of network resilience, and provides scientific data support and a theoretical basis for improving the resilience of BTH urban agglomeration and promoting collaborative development.


Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (Staph.) aureus (MRSA) is considered one of the most virulent pathogens in hospitals and intensive care units (ICU) worldwide (Pape et al., 2006). MRSA was found to be the most common pathogen identified in the United States hospitals (Stoakes et al., 2006) and accounts for 63% of nosocomial infections in Egypt (Borg et al., 2007). Moreover, new strains of MRSA associated with aggressive infections in young, otherwise healthy patients have emerged in the community (Stoakes et al., 2006). Several studies have demonstrated that the MRSA infected patients tend to have longer hospital and ICU stays, higher rates of ventilator use, greater risks of death, and more adverse clinical outcomes (such as renal failure and hemodynamic instability) as compared to those patients infected with methicillin sensitive Staph. aureus (MSSA) (Cosgrove et al., 2005).


Stimulus and a depreciated currency carried Vietnam through the global financial crisis, but observers see weaknesses in infrastructure and skills, and some worry that if the economy comes under pressure, it could open the door for China to extend its economic influence.


The unequal status of men and women in the Philippines continues to stunt the countrys growth. Decisions between a man and a woman in reproductive choices and in fertility preferences and how they make these decisions determine the status of families and the overall quality of their lives. According to the State of the World Population Report 2000 the Philippines is one of a few countries worldwide that has expanded penalties for various gender-related sexual offenses and broadened protection against sexual violence. Despite advances made in improving gender relations such as these expanded penalties the Philippines still has much to do with regard to gender equality. A study cited in the report indicated that domestic violence is rampant in this country. Moreover the report stated that maternal mortality is high due to unsafe abortions. Infant mortality is also high at 36 per 1000 live births which is projected to continue to occur due to inadequate health and educational systems. Overall the high maternal and infant mortality rates are due to the lack of information and access to reproductive health care services and unequal dissemination of family planning methods.


Business to Business Marketing was developed for junior-level and senior-level undergraduates and MBA candidates. The authors approach the topic from a strategic perspective and integrate global concerns throughout the text. Each of the 11 chapters contains text material and two to four readings. The cases, which are grouped at the end of the text, are described in the chapter where they are appropriate. A comprehensive Instructor's Manual also contains complete discussions of the cases. Рекомендуется для использования во вводных и базовых курсах «Промышленный маркетинг» и «В-2-В маркетинг»; в руководстве для преподавателей содержатся материалы для подготовки обсуждения кейсов. В отличие от большинства других учебников по бизнес-маркетингу, содержащих отдельный раздел, касающийся глобальных особенностей бизнес-маркетинга, в представленной книге «глобальность» проходит красной нитью через все разделы.


Regulated rivers downstream of dams often exhibit highly modified thermal regimes in addition to modified hydrologic regimes; downstream river temperatures can be seasonally much warmer or cooler than unregulated streams. Selective water withdrawals can be used to minimize thermal impacts to downstream reaches. However, other water quality parameters, in‐reservoir production, and species composition also vary with depth. In the South Fork McKenzie River, in the Pacific Northwest of North America, an existing large dam was retrofitted to mix and export water from multiple depths, allowing dam operators to adjust the outflow temperatures to be in sync with the upstream thermal regime. We examined benthic macroinvertebrate responses after implementation of selective water withdrawal, comparing it to thermally similar flow‐through conditions, expecting to see shifts in the community over time to resemble upstream, undammed reaches. However, species composition and traits downstream of the dam became more dissimilar to upstream and to flow‐through after selective water withdrawal. These changes included increases in non‐insect taxa and taxa known to feed on plankton and detritus. The most likely explanation for this transition is that selective water withdrawal from multiple depths of a stratified reservoir included epilimnetic releases, which resulted in increased export of plankton and organic material downstream. This strategy favored taxa able to capitalize on resource subsidies from the reservoir. Our findings highlight the interconnected nature of responses to dams and dam operations, including the importance of considering biotic communities in addition to temperature and flow when planning water management strategies.


Enhanced levels of microbial biomass and activity in the rhizosphere arise from labile C released from roots but the factors that mediate such "rhizosphere effects" are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the magnitude of rhizosphere effects would be reduced by increases in soil fertility, consistent with plant C allocation theory, which predicts decreased C flux to roots in fertile soils. Replicate plots of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) at the Turkey Hill Plantations, New York, and yellow birch (Betula allenghaniensis Britton) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, were fertilized from 2001 to 2003. In fall of 2003, rhizosphere and bulk soils were sampled from the organic horizon of control and fertilized plots and analyzed for microbial biomass and nutrient transformation rates. In general, fertilization reduced microbial biomass and activity in plots of all three species, and the magnitude of such effects was generally greater in rhizosphere than in bulk soil. In red oak soils, fertilization reduced rhizosphere effects on microbial biomass, net N mineralization rates, and phosphatase enzyme activity (P = 0.026, 0.091, and 0.061, respectively). In contrast, fertilization only reduced rhizosphere effects on microbial biomass in sugar maple soils (P = 0.019). In yellow birch soils, fertilization decreased rhizosphere effects on microbial biomass (P = 0.015). These results suggest that soil fertility may mediate the degree to which roots affect microbial activity in forest soils, possibly due to fertilizer-induced shifts in belowground C supply.


Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat patients with cancer that has spread to the brain. The aim of this review was to determine the effectiveness and adverse effects of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) alone or in combination with other treatments in adult patients with multiple brain metastases. Thirty-nine trials involving 10,835 participants were included following the update in 2012. There does not appear to be any additional benefit of altered WBRT dose schedules compared to standard doses. The use of chemotherapy or radiosensitizers in conjunction with WBRT has not yet been shown to confer any additional benefit. Radiosurgery boost with WBRT does not improve survival in selected patients with multiple brain metastases but local control may be improved with the addition of radiosurgery boost to WBRT. WBRT when added to radiosurgery improves local and distant brain control but neurocognitive outcomes may be better in patients treated with radiosurgery alone as compared to WBRT and radiosurgery. Tsao MN, Lloyd N, Wong RKS, Chow E, Rakovitch E, Laperriere N, Xu W, Sahgal A. Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD003869. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003869 .pub3.


The study of the Monument of the Lucilii aims to piece together the historical events of an important tumulus from the Age of Augustus, built approximately 470m outside the ancient site of the gate of Porta Salaria of the Aurelian Walls of the city of Rome. It was commissioned by an eminent member of the ordo equester (equestrian order), M."


We propose a procedure for the solution of inverse multibody dynamic problems, here intended as optimal control problems for dynamical systems governed by differential-algebraic equations. The numerical solution is obtained by a direct transcription process based on an energy preserving scheme that ensures nonlinear unconditional stability. The resulting finite-dimensional problem is solved by sequential quadratic programming. We test the proposed methodology with the help of representative examples.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


If a ban on antibiotic-fed chicken by McDonald's results in fewer infections and deaths from resistant organisms, I nominate Ronald McDonald (no relation) for Surgeon General.


Objective To investigate the value of erythromycin plus 50% glucose in the treatment of refractory (persistent air-leak beyond 10~14 d) spontaneous pneumothorax. Methods 92 patients with refractory pneumothorax were randomly divided into two groups and treated with a dose of 1g erythromycin plus 50% glucose 60 ml (erythromycin group) or 50% glucose only (glucose group) that was injected into the pleural cavity respectively. Results After injection in the erythromycin group, 80.3% (49/61) of air-leaks ceased, in the glucose group, 35.5% (11/31) of air-leaks resolved. The therapeutic effect in the erythromycin group were significantly higher than that in the glucose group (P0.05). The major side effect was chest pain (19.2%) and fever (20.1%). Conclusion This study demonstrates that erythromycin plus 50% glucose is safe and effective for treatment of patients with persistent air-leak spontaneous pneumothorax.


ABSTRACT : Nation and character building are two important aspects that proclaimed by the founding fathers of Indonesia in establishing the nation- state of Indonesia. Nation building, manifested by the successors in national economic development, can be said to be successful. National development focused on economic development led to the neglect of other sectors of development, namely the development of a national character. The waiver of character development has led to the disorientation of the values of Indonesian struggle , which is manifested in the precepts of " Pancasila " ( five basic principles of the Republic of Indonesia ) . Disorientation against the values of " Pancasila " can be seen from the strengthening of hedonism, decreasing sting nationality and nationalism, the lack spirit of tolerance towards the differences in ideology, and the declining spirit of mutual cooperation. For that reasons, character education should be given back to the Indonesian people through both formal and informal education. Spirit, character, and values of the struggle must always be actualized in the present generation to be able to face the challenges of the time. Development is not only able to provide welfare of Indonesian people economically (physically) , but also can produce Indonesian human in faith and fear of God Almighty, noble, healthy, knowledgeable, skilled, creative, independent, and become democratic and responsible citizens. Therefore, the values and fighting spirit of the founding fathers of Indonesia can be used in the reflection s in developing the basics of character education. KEY WORDS : H istory of modern Indonesia, national movement, founding fathers of Indonesia, noble values, and character education. About the Author: Dr. Effendi Wahyono is a Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences UT ( Universitas Terbuka or Indonesia Open University), Jalan Cabe Raya, Pondok Cabe, Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan 15418, Banten, Indonesia. For academic interests, the author can be contacted via e-mail at: email@example.com How to cite this article? Wahyono, Effendi. (2016). "Reflection on Values of National Movement History as a Basis for Character Education" in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies , Vol.7(2) April, pp.225-238. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UIN SGD Bandung, ISSN 2085-0980. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (March 30, 2016); Revised (April 15, 2016); and Published (April 28, 2016).


This paper is the result of pooled analysis of cluster front line demonstrations on two pulses (CFLD-P) namely Pigeonpea and Chickpea conducted at ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bagalkote since last five years from 2017-18 to 2021-22 at different villages and talukas. ICAR KVK Bagalkote has conducted cluster front line demonstrations on pigeon pea in 90 ha with 325 farmers and 86 ha with 215 farmers on chickpea. These demonstrations were intended to increase the area and productivity under pulses to attain food security with various recent technologies released including varieties and integrated crop production practices. It was found that, there was steady increase in net returns of Pigeonpea from 17.02 to 34.87 percent during last five years. The results with respect to pigeonpea ( Kharif season) revealed that, there was increase in yield from 13.74% to 16.09 percent over the farmers practice except during 2019-20, where in the increase was witnessed 36.79%. The results regarding chickpea also revealed that, the increase in net returns from 31.60 to 36.75% while increase in yield levels 15.11 to 25%. These trends of increase in yield levels can be attributed to adoption of improved technology as well as improved varieties. The yield levels were considerably low under local practices because of variations in adoption of recommended package of practices depending upon the amount of risk involved in terms of cost, convenience, skill and knowledge about the concerned practice. The productivity was better over local practice under demonstrations. Hence, pulses production technology have a broad scope for increasing the area and production of pulses at each and every level i.e., Farmers, State and National level. However there were fluctuations noticed in both the crops regarding yield and net returns due to rainfall and price fluctuations.


Redesigning of an enzyme for a new catalytic reaction alld modified substrate specificity was exploited with 3isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (IPMDH). Point-mutation on Gly-89, which is not in the catalytic site but near it, wtts done by changing it to Ala, Ser, Val, and Pro, and all the m"tations changed the substrate specificity. The mutant enzymes showed higher catalytic eMciency ( k.±IKh) thanthe native IPMDH when rnalate was used as a substrate instead of 3-isopropylmalate. More interestingly, an additienal insertion of Gly between Gly-89 and Leu-90 significantly altered the substratespecificity, although the oyerall cata]ytic actiyity was decreased. Particular}y, this mutant turlled out to


Bromide ion is widely used as a tracer to study water and solute transport because it does not adsorb to negatively charged soil minerals. Therefore is moves approximately as fast as water in soil. This property and the small natural background concentration make Br - and ideal tracer. It is much better than Cl - , which behaves similarly, but which is ubiquitous in the environment. Since Cl - is a component of several fertilizers, it usually is found in agricultural soils in concentrations too high to allow its use. When using chemicals in the environment, one must consider their fate and toxicity (...)


Manipulation of mouse genome has merged as one of the most important approaches for studying gene function and establishing the disease model because of the high homology between human genome and mouse genome. In this study, the chemical mutagen ethylnitrosourea (ENU) was employed for inducing germ cell mutations in male C57BL/6J mice. The first generation (G1) of the backcross of these mutated mice, totally 3172, was screened for abnormal phenotypes on gross morphology, behavior, learning and memory, auditory brainstem response (ABR), electrocardiogram (ECG), electroretinogram (ERG), flash-visual evoked potential (F-VEP), bone mineral density, and blood sugar level. 595 mice have been identified with specific dominant abnormalities. Fur color changes, eye defects and hearing loss occurred at the highest frequency. Abnormalities related to metabolism alteration are least frequent. Interestingly, eye defects displayed significant left-right asymmetry and sex preference. Sex preference is also observed in mice with abnormal bone mineral density. Among 104 G1 generation mutant mice examined for inheritability, 14 of them have been confirmed for passing abnormal phenotypes to their progenies. However, we did not observe behavior abnormalities of G1 mice to be inheritable, suggesting multi-gene control for these complicated functions in mice. In conclusion, the generation of these mutants paves the way for understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms of these abnormal phenotypes, and accelerates the cloning of disease-related genes.