In recent literature, ℓ1-regularised MPC, or ℓasso-MPC, has been recommended for control tasks involving complex requirements on the control signals, for instance, the simultaneous solution of regulation and sharp control allocation for redundantly-actuated systems. This is due to the implicit thresholding ability of LASSO regression. In this paper, a stabilising terminal cost featuring a mixed ℓ1/ℓ22 penalty is presented. Then, a candidate terminal controller is computed, with the aim of enlarging the region of attraction.


The rate constants for the thiol-disulfide exchange, kSH, and for the thiolate iondisulfide exchange, ks-, between biologically relevant aminothiols, i.e., cysteine, cysteamine and penicillamine, and 5, 5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid), Ellman's reagent, in aqueous solutions were determined by a spectrophotometric method. The apparent rate constant, k1', increases with increase of pH under the experimental conditions used. The value of ks-, approximately 2×105 M-1S-1 except for penicillamine, appears to be independent of the pKa (SH), and kSH is three orders of magnitude smaller than ks-. The thiolate ion-disulfide exchange in penicillamine is one order of magnitude slower than in the other aminothiols. The results of the kinetic study indicate that one of the sulfur atoms of disulfide is attacked by the thiolate anion with subsequent cleavage of the S-S bond.


AlGaN/GaN heterojunction is a well-known material because of its large critical electric field and high chemical stability. There's a lots of applications such as LED, optical devices, high-frequency transistor, etc. Therefore, we can use this material to fabricate high-power and high-frequency device. Nowadays, more groups are interesting on GaN and claim it may become a good candidate of replacing Silicon. In this study, we used pattern sapphire substrate (PSS) technol-ogy to growth high-quality GaN thin film by MOCVD and manu-facturing AlGaN/GaN Schottky diode. We believed that PSS technology can magnificently improve the quality of GaN thin film and it has been proved by Raman spectrum and etch pit density (EPD). We also design different dimension to gain the lower defect density and better electrical performance Schottky diode. We successfully reduce etching pits density from 3.87x106 (cm-2) to 1.37x106 (cm-2) and FWHM of Raman spectrum from 2.46 (cm-1) to 2.33 (cm-1) by using our PSS technology. Meanwhile, we reduced Schottky contact resistivity from 0.0657(Ωcm2) to 0.00266(Ωcm2).


: The article is devoted to the study of the essence and priorities of the Russian economy reindustrialization, development of the innovative entrepreneurship as a regional mechanism for solving the tasks of intensive industrial development taking into account the needs of consumers and specific features of the reindustrialization processes at the sub-regional level. The role of a region in this aspect is disclosed, the priority factors of innovative entrepreneurship and involvement of the youth in the scientific and engineering creativity as the most important personnel source of the economic innovative transformation are determined.


The main hindrance to the development of efficient low-latency multiple description (MD) video coders are the problem of predictive mismatch. In this paper, we present a two-channel predictive MD video codec architecture based on the recently proposed WYZE-PMD framework. The proposed codec transmits coset information to curtail error-propagation caused by predictive mismatch, without requiring high latency or restrictive channel assumptions. MD scalar quantizers are used to generate multiple descriptions, low-density parity check (LDPC) codes are used to generate coset information, and the H.263 video coding standard is used for efficient motion compensation. The proposed codec is used to code descriptions of CIF video for communication over two erasure channels with independent failure probabilities. Results indicate that the proposed codec provides efficient, drift-free predictive MD coding.


While investigating the identity and distribution of Ischaemum flumineum, we encountered a lack of holotype designation by Bor. Consequently, we took the initiative to designate a lectotype, selecting a specimen from the Kew herbarium. To facilitate a comprehensive understanding, we conducted a brief review of the variable characteristics of I. timorense and I. thomsonianum, drawing on insights from "Grasses of China" and "Grasses of Malaysia" in addition to "Grasses of India". While these species are the closest relatives to I. flumineum, none of their variable forms exhibit the distinctive basal indumentum found in the latter. To aid in precise differentiation among these three species in India, we revised the key, providing an improved tool for identification. Furthermore, we discussed the distribution of I. flumineum in India with the help of a map, based on the available specimens at BLAT, DD and K herbaria.


Objective To explore the advantages of subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) in the treatment of venous ulceration in comparison with conventional open operation, Linton′s procedure. Methods Subfascial endoscopic perforator ablation was performed on 11 limbs of 9 patients, and 14 patients with 14 limbs received Linton′s procedure. Retrospective study was carried out on the numbers of perforating veins ligated, rate of wound infection, rate of wound healing delayed, rate of ulcer healing and recurrence, and days of hospitalization. Results ①The mean number of perforating veins ligated was significantly different between SEPS group (3 63±1 03) and Linton's procedure group (2 40±1 12) ( P 0 01). ②SEPS group enjoyed Wound infection rate (22 22%) and delayed wound healing rate (11 11%) decreased significantly in comparison with Linton′s procedure group (42 86% and 35 71% respectively). ③There was no difference in ulcer healing rate between SEPS group (88 89%) and Linton′s procedure group (85 71%), but the mean ulcer healing duration was significantly reduced in SEPS (22 25±7 29)d compared with the other group of (35 33±5 19) d ( P 0 01).④ Average hospitalization time was (15 78±3 83) d in SEPS, significantly decreased than those with Linton's procedure (27 36±9 74)d. Conclusion Subfascial endoscopic perforator ablation, in comparison with Linton′s procedure, enjoys more efficacious perforator ablation, lower wound infection rate, lower delayed wound healing rate, rapid ulcer healing, and shorter hospitalization time. Results show that an evaluation on long term observation is warranted, and a prospective and random study is required.


Using the World Values Survey (WVS) as a background the paper discusses a tension between the general evaluative outlook of Swedish teacher students and the educational values established by The Sw ...


Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scans are better than high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans. They are frequently used to discover tumors, infections and chronic diseases that affect the structures in and around the orbits. This study's aim was to evaluate the contribution of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements to MRI in the assessment of non-traumatic orbital lesions.
Methods: This prospective research involved 30 cases with clinical and radiological non-traumatic orbital lesions. All patients underwent clinical assessment, ocular examination, laboratory investigations, radiological assessment (Conventional MRI, DW-MRI)) and histopathological analysis.
Results: There was substantial agreement between the magnetic resonance and pathologic diagnosis, k=0.722, p<0.001. The cut-off value of ADC for orbital lesions was ≤ 1.0 x 10-3 to be considered malignant lesions. Diffusion-weighted MRI and ADC had a sensitivity of 87.5 %, specificity 100%, and positive predictive value of 100 %, and a negative predictive value of 94.92 % to distinguish among benign and malignant orbital lesions.
Conclusions: MRI alone can detect orbital lesions, but they couldn't distinguish among benign and malignant lesions. The ADC value is non-invasive imaging technique that may be utilized to characterize orbital lesions and distinguish among benign and malignant ones.


The reactor has got four primary pumps immersed in sodium in the main vessel. These pumps were posing a number of specific problems that had to be solved at design time. For example, the shaft line lower bearing is in sodium, which imposes an innovative design. The shaft length also posed dimensioning and then manufacturing problems. To take over expansions between the pump upper part, laid on the slab, and the lower part, connected to the diagrid, needed an original design. The materials were chosen on the basis of Phenix experience feedback and depending either on their use or on their realization mode. Cavitation phenomena, capable to cause erosion, were taken into account from design. Finally, Phenix pump experience feedback was integrated in the design. It should also be noted that studies were conducted on promising domains: use of ferrofluids, supercritical shaft but could not come to an end within the given time. The primary pumps have operated for 16 years with no notable problems, from 1984, when the sodium was filled in the reactor block, to 2000, when their operations were no longer necessary for dismantling operations.


To describe non-Debye relaxation phenomena observed in dielectric materials, the Cole–Cole (CC) relaxation model in the frequency domain and the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts (KWW) relaxation model in the time domain were introduced in the physics of dielectrics. In this paper, we propose a new relaxation model with two parameters besides a relaxation time by expressing the relaxation function in the time domain in terms of the Mittag–Leffler functions. The proposed model represents a group of non-Debye relaxation phenomena and shows a transition between the CC and the KWW models. The relaxation properties described by the new model are analyzed, including the response function, the normalized complex dielectric permittivity, dielectric storage and loss factors as well as the relaxation frequency and time spectral functions. The presented relaxation function has a concise form and is expected to be applied to more complex relaxation phenomena.


PurposeThis study aims to empirically evaluate the performance of commercial banks operating in India.Design/methodology/approachThe efficiency of the commercial banks is evaluated using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. We measure the technical, pure technical and scale efficiency of the sampled conventional banks using the input-oriented model. We employed an extended DEA window analysis approach based on a panel sample of 47 banks in the Indian scenario. The period of study is from 2009 to 2018.FindingsThe results obtained from CRS and VRS measures envisage that Indian banks have failed to manage their inputs efficiently and convert them into outputs. It implies that Indian banks do not operate at an optimum level. Moreover, the results show that public banks exhibit superior efficiency scores followed by private and foreign banks. Apart from the aggregate sector level, we also investigate the performance of Indian banks at the individual level for in-depth analysis. The individual bank-level analysis reports that the public sector banks (PSBs) are the most efficient followed by foreign banks, whereas, the least efficient are the private banks.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of our study have implications for government, financial institutions and policymakers to access the verve and flexibility of the Indian banking system. The government should consider restructuring inefficient banks to enhance overall performance. This can be considered by improvement in managerial efficiency, efficient allocation of scarce resources and appropriate scale of operation. However, the findings of the study should be interpreted in light of the period of study for the banks being operational (as we filter out banks that ceased to exist) in India and empirical methods employed. The results may vary if alternative measures are used.Originality/valueThe present paper investigates the efficiency of the Indian banking sector employing the Data Envelopment Window Analysis (DEWA) technique. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is perhaps the first one to employ the DEWA measure on the Indian banking industry to gauge their performance over time.


The Brillouin spectrum narrowing phenomenon for nanosecond pulses in Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) sensor system is demonstrated with high extinction ratio (ER > 24 dB) nanosecond pulse over short fibre length (10 m). The line width of the Brillouin spectrum is ~52 MHz for 10 ns pulse by feedback phase locking of the pump and probe waves from: 1) DFB lasers (2 MHz bandwidth) and 2) fibre lasers (5 kHz bandwidth) at the Brillouin frequency. It is found that the coherent length (inverse of the Brillouin line width in the fibre) of the Brillouin scattering process is not determined by the laser bandwidth, rather by the enhanced phonon field generated from phase locked pump and probe lasers for nanosecond pulses. For the same bandwidth of the pump and probe lasers, the line width of the Brillouin spectrum with high extinction ratio nanosecond pulses under the phase locking of the pump and probe waves is much narrower than that from the frequency locking of the pump and probe waves at the Brillouin frequency.


Reported animal rabies in Arkansas is reviewed for the years 1982-1990; providing an update from 1950-1981 (Heidt, 1982). Total cases ranged from 39 in 1990 to 168 in 1986, with a mean of 123.1. Wildlife accounted for 93.4% of the total cases. A total of 16 kinds of mammals has been implicated in reported rabies (individual species of foxes and skunks have been combined). The four taxa accounting for the highest incidence are: skunks (82.6%); bats (10.1%, all seven species combined); cattle (2.8%); and dogs (1.5%). Skunks, the most prominent species, ranged from 71.8% in 1990 to 90.2% in 1987. These figures were similar to the previous ten years, with the exception of 1977-1979 when Arkansas experienced a severe skunk rabies epizootic.


This thesis is to point out the present problems in public physical education and to offer several suggestions about the teaching reform by analyzing the present teaching about physical education in colleges so as to improve the teaching effect and to cultivate students' habits of exercise.


We propose a variant of the stochastic finite element method, where the random elements occuring in the problem formulation are approximated by simple random elements, i.e. random elements with only a finite number of possible values.


Introduction Recently optical and electronic properties of different herbal dyes are being studied to develop different electronic devices. The herbal dye based devices are nature friendly, biodegradable and also cost-effective. It is possible to fabricate on the large surface on different substrate from its solution by simple processing techniques, such as sol-gel, spincoating, solvent casting, sublimation, dip coating etc. There are also varieties of dyes to study. Natural dyes like turmeric, Hibiscus rosasinesis, Sesbania grandiflora are used as photosensitizers due to its large absorption coefficient in the visible region in dye sensitized solar cell1–3. But there is not much report on the semiconducting property of turmeric dye based herbal device. Among all herbal dyes, turmeric dye is easily available and cheapest natural dye. It is nothing but CSD-2019 Special Issue J. Indian Chem. Soc., Vol. 97, No. 12c, December 2020, pp. 2943-2947


. . . Today, we are faced with a host of health problems that require individual action. . . . Bringing about that action requires education. The task is made unusually difficult because of the insidious nature of the chronic diseases, the lack of any action individuals may take, the age-group that must be influenced, the large number of agencies that are involved, and the need for modification of some of our cultural patterns and value systems. This is the challenge to the profession of health education.


It is noted that the preparation and utilization condition for fuchsin-sodium sulfite can influence the stability of the reagent and the sensitivity of rapid detection for formaldehyde.The optimum conditions for preparation and utilization of fuchsin-sodium sulfite were studied,and a colorimetry table was established through measuring reaction parameters between formaldehyde standard solution and fuchsin-sodium sulfite.The results showed that the optimum water temperature for dissolving fuchsin was 80℃,and adding 2mL 98% sulphuric acid for every 100mL solution could increase the stability of the reagent when fuchsin-sodium sulfite solution was prepared.The optimum conditions for utilizing this reagent to detect rapidly formaldehyde residue were as follows: temperature of reaction lower than 55℃,pH value of the reaction environment 1.5~6.4.The colorimetry table could be used to evaluate rapidly formaldehyde residue in samples by comparing the color of the reaction product with that on the colorimetry table.


the Battle of Trafalgar took to reach the government in London (271 miles, 38 hours, 21 changes of horse — known as the ' Trafalgar Way ' : an early information supply chain tale). Other sessions included the use of local government and business information for research data, including the challenges faced by Big Data initiatives in acquiring data in the face of public sector austerity and commercial interests, and taking the UK Census by moving from a survey-based approach to the collection of information via intermediaries. We also heard from the Nesta-funded O ffi ce of Data Analytics initiative in devolution areas in England; and about the emerging ways in which fi re and rescue services think and use data and information changing from a historical property-based focus to a wider lens of community safety. Finally, we discovered the international perspectives from the USA, Italy, New Zealand and Australia where the term has di ff erent meaning and a range of framings from disaster management, labour markets and personal privacy. We can observe much from this ' rich tapestry ' but, for us, the striking thing was that diversity of context was often allied to homogeneity in nature of the joining-up problem.


After being processed by an optical system, either in reflection or in transmission, a probe wavefront contains information on the induced aberrations that are conveniently reported by interferometry. Yet, the probe beam also includes diffuse light, mostly produced by scattering at the optical surfaces. The actual disturbance that is studied via interferometry is a partially developed speckle field, made of a strong bias phaser plus the weak random contribution due to scattering. The standard deviation of the random contribution, normalized to the modulus of the bias phaser, is assumed as a characteristic parameter of the speckle field. Such a parameter has been measured with digital phase-shift interferometric techniques on a series of selected samples, corresponding to different optical finish. In excess of 120 samples have been studied, referred to a traceable polishing process. The results are interpreted on the basis of available models of polishing mechanisms. Data fitting to the equation of the theory is reported; the results are in fair agreement with the theory.


Background: Diseases of the gingival tissues are considered a global public health problem concern. These diseases show great differences in their distribution and prevalence in the different localities investigated. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the periodontal conditions of gingival bleeding and dental calculus in Brazilian adolescents and young people, as well as to verify the associated factors. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional population-based study that used secondary data from the National Oral Health Survey (SB Brazil 2010) performed by the Ministry of Health. This study assessed 7328 adolescents aged 12 years and 5445 young people aged 15–19 years. The characteristics of the periodontal conditions were obtained by the community periodontal index, which provided the outcome variables of gingival bleeding and dental calculus. The predictor variables were demographic, socioeconomic, and oral clinical data. Results: The results showed a high prevalence of gingival bleeding (32%) and dental calculus (33.1%) in the individuals assessed. In addition, as observed after adjusting to the Poisson regression model, the variables of 12 years of age, no tooth loss, fewer household residents, >6 years of education, and no need for dental treatment were considered protective factors for gingival bleeding and dental calculus. Conclusions: The variables of nonwhite skin color, certain regions of the country, and low monthly household income were considered risk factors for the outcomes. Boys presented a higher prevalence of dental calculus than girls.


temporary and historical biological populations, is controversial. This dichotomy has been brought into stark focus in recent months, as an issue of Science (25 June 1999) featured major scientific advances in evolution and the Kansas Board of Education decided (in August 1999) to no longer require evolution as part of their school curriculum. Such contrasts underscore a significant challenge in terms of communicating science to the public. The importance of this challenge is emphasized in the recent NAS report, Teaching about Evolution and the Nature of Science (1998, National Academy Press, Washington, DC), a key recommendation of which is that evolution is essential to school curricula if students-the public of the future-are to understand biology. In fact, a clear understanding of evolutionary biology is essential for professionals in all biological fields if they are to push ahead the frontiers of their disciplines. Current research initiatives to deepen knowledge of the genetic basis of complex characters, recent advances in developmental morphology, and attempts to generate a comprehensive phylogenetic tree of life all draw heavily on evolutionary insights. Evolutionary biology is also contributing to ongoing advances in the study of human origins and behavior. Finally, there has been a long-term interplay between evolutionary theory and nonbiological fields such as statistics, economics, and computation. In addition to its centrality in biology and its contributions to basic science, evolutionary biology addresses a wide array of current and emerging societal needs, ranging AN N im ivg ,A ;v K


The gas‐phase equilibria of the clustering reaction (C6H6)+n−1+C6H6 =(C6H6)+n were studied with a pulsed electron‐beam high‐pressure mass spectrometer. The enthalpy changes −ΔH0n−1,n for the reaction with n=2–4 were determined to be 20.6±1.0, 7.8±0.5, and ∼7 kcal/mol, respectively. The structure of dimer cation (C6H6)+2 was determined by ab initio spin‐restricted open‐shell Hartree–Fock molecular orbital (ROHF MO) calculations. Two isomers, ''axial C2 '' and ''parallel C2v, '' are calculated to be located at the potential‐energy minima. The axial C2 is 3.0 kcal/mol more stable than the parallel C2v by ROHF/6‐31G**//ROHF/3‐21G.


High order methods have increasingly been employed in compu tational fluid dynamics, because they are more efficient than low order methods fo r high accuracy requirements. Therefore, direct numerical simulation, large eddy simulation, a d computational aeroacoustics have often been performed with high order difference, element, a d spectral methods. A brief review of recent developments in high order methods is given with an emphasis on compressible flow computations. Suitable forms of the compressible Navier-S tokes equations and strictly stable high order finite difference methods are presented. Their applic ations to the numerical simulation of aeolian tones and of confined pulsating jets are discussed.


Ballistic electron emission microscopy has been utilized to demonstrate differences in the interface
electrostatics of tungsten-Si(001) Schottky diodes fabricated using two different deposition techniques: thermal evaporation using electron-beam heating and magnetron sputtering. A difference of 70 meV in the Schottky barrier heights is measured between the two techniques for both p- and n-type silicon even though the sum of n- and p-type Schottky barrier heights agrees with the band gap of silicon. Spatially resolved nanoscale maps of the Schottky barrier heights are uniform for the sputter film and are highly disordered for the e-beam film. Histograms of the barrier heights show a symmetric Gaussian like profile for the sputter film and a skewed lognormal distribution for e-beam film. A Monte-Carlo model is developed to simulate these histograms which give strong indication that localized elastic
scattering is causing this skewing as forces the hot electrons to need a greater total energy to surmount the barrier. These differences are attributed to silicide formation from the unintentional substrate heating during the e-beam deposition, which is confirmed with transmission electron microscopy.


In this work, we evaluate three popular fairness preprocessing algorithms and investigate the potential for combining all algorithms into a more robust preprocessing ensemble. We report on lessons learned that can help practitioners better select fairness algorithms for their models.


The rapid development of the batik industry can pollute water resources and become an increasingly severe problem. This research studies the adsorption-desorption of naphthol blue-black (one of the dyes in batik liquid waste) by magnetite modified humic acid (HA-Fe 3 O 4 ). The adsorption isotherm was studied using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Meanwhile, desorption agents used in this study were distilled water and hydrochloric acid. The results show that the adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir adsorption model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 2.41 mmol/g. Desorption studies show that the desorption efficiency of naphthol blue-black on HA-Fe 3 O 4 is 0.058% and 5.86% in the desorption agent of distilled water and HCl (1 M)


In this letter we describe the operation of a new high‐speed, high‐gain amorphous silicon sensor. The device gain originates from the photoconductive properties of amorphous silicon but good light to dark sensitivity is obtained by suppressing the sensor dark current by means of a lightly p‐type barrier layer. Optical gains in excess of 100 have been achieved with response times of approximately 200 μs.


Neutron irradiation of titanium oxide memristors is studied through Monte Carlo simulations of neutron transport. Separate software packages are utilized for registering primary knock-on atom distribution, resulting from incident neutrons, and subsequent energy deposition of these displaced ions. Energy deposition mechanisms for secondary ions are compared at various incident neutron energies. Ranges of neutron energy for which radiation-induced changes in the oxide layer are expected to cause greatest alterations of memristor functionality are identified and linked to energy deposition pathways. Index Terms — Neutrons; memristors; titanium dioxide, Monte Carlo simulation.


Innovation ecosystems have emerged as novel ways how to facilitate resource mobilization in order to develop innovative products and services. In such multi-actor settings, orchestrating firms play...


du logement, des transports et du tourisme 1991). They are also, public and private spaces whose presence, extent and connections between them allow the expression and perpetuation of biological diversity. They form a set of spaces that are different from each other but complementary: parks and squares, building exteriors, gardens, green roofs, water bodies and their surroundings (Delavallade 2014). (Table1). Green spaces are of many types and perform very important and different roles, natural Bringing nature into the city is one of the major concerns of today's cities. Natural spaces, and more particularly green spaces, are essential for a healthy and pleasant living environment. They have very important roles: social, economic, psychological, ecological, etc. These spaces have different types, varying from architectural or formal spaces to natural or landscaped spaces, from spaces in the urban tissue to others more open to nature. On the other hand, the objectives and activities sought by users are also very different: rest, relaxation, sport, games, learning, etc. It is therefore very important to understand the practices and perceptions of the users of these spaces, and to know their needs in order to improve the existing green network and to plan spaces that best meet their expectations, in order to make the most of the benefits and impacts of nature on humans.


Summary This paper reviews some of the various technologies that are currently available or will be available in the future to help reduce the risk of a runway incursion/confusion or an excursion. If and when implemented, these technologies have great promise to support the Flight Safety Foundation's runway safety initiative.


The breeding behavior of Atlantic walruses, Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus, overwintering at the Dundas Island polynya (76 °09′N, 94 °52′W) in the Canadian High Arctic was studied from 1981 to 1990. Approximately 25–65 walruses frequented the polynya area each winter; their distribution was determined by sea-ice features (e.g., thin annual ice, cracks) that ensured easy access to open water. The mating system of walruses breeding in the area is best described as female-defense polygyny. A large mature male had exclusive access to a herd of walruses containing several females for 1–5 days at a time. Although there were numerous males in the polynya capable of attending a herd during the breeding season, one or two males spent significantly more time with a herd. It was not evident that female preference was important in determining which male became the attending male. When attending a herd, a male continuously repeated a complex, stereotyped underwater song. Other sexually mature males in the area behaved as ...


A common by-product of vehicle hybridisation is increased drive torque and maximum acceleration. This allows the internal combustion engine (ICE) to be downsized, thus reducing fuel consumption. As a result, the public perceive hybrid vehicles to trade power and speed against fuel economy. The objective of the project is to investigate how a hybrid drivetrain can be primarily designed to aid acceleration and performance in lightweight sports cars. This paper documents the simulation and development of such a hybrid electric drivetrain for circuit racing purposes. (5 pages)


A simplified linear analysis of the helical instability of arc plasmas is given. Explicit analytic results are obtained. In case of the applied uniform magnetic field, theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. At the same time it also calculates the growth rate of the instability generated by the self magnetic field. The results are in agreement with those of complicated calculations once perfectly. [


From the crude product of the PMMA depolymerization (H¶2¶SO¶4¶) or bases may be by purification with acids (NaOH) and win subsequent neutralization and distillation again polymerizable MMA. DOLLAR A The amount of detergent is low and is about 5 wt .-% to the crude product.


The first modern computers were built at Manchester University in the late 1940s and amongst the principal components used were vacuum tube oscillators. Following the development of the transistor, such oscillator-based computers quickly became obsolete. Here, a novel application of superconducting Josephson Junction (JJ) technology based on neural dynamics is proposed. Neuron-type oscillators can be constructed from JJs and they can be connected together to form computer circuits in a manner entirely consistent with modern architectures. SIMetrix models of both computation and memory are presented and metrics are discussed. It has been estimated that JJs switch 100 times faster than their transistor counterparts and use 300 times less power (including the super-cooling). Utilizing the circuits described in this paper, it is also estimated that computers could be constructed using at least 10 times fewer components. Thus, theoretically these JJ-based computers could be up to 300,000 times more efficient than their CMOS counterparts.


Australian Fire Ceremonies. Fire in the Warlpiri Religion During fire ceremonies in various Australian communities, long torches constructed from poles wrapped in flammable leaves are used. For the Warlpiri, their significance is associated with the symbolism of fire, contrasted with water represented by the form of the rainbow serpent. The founding myths of the ceremony are based on using fire to limit the power of water by way of bloodshed. Various forms of the use of fire and the connected symbolism for the Warlpiri point to reference to dancers, and the torches they hold to the Milky Way (Yiwarra). The main symbol of this in the ritual is a sacred construction in the form of a cross, known as wanigi.


Abstract A good teacher must have a real commitment to the student. He/she must strive to help each student realize his/her potential as a worthy and effective members of society. In this regard there are many ethical considerations that could be discussed; however, of primary importance is the matter of "fairness" in the treatment of students. One of the most difficult aspects of teaching is to disallow personal interactions with students (good or bad) and/or interfere with or modify the treatment of each student. Tests should be used as learning experiences and not as punishment. Grading of tests should be carried out by question and not by student, and where possible grading should be done without knowledge of the student's name. Teachers have an obligation to oppose student dishonesty (cheating and plagiarism) and a plan of action must be established before the first class begins. In all dealings with the student the teacher should respect the student's right to privacy. The teacher has an ethical obligation to optimize conditions to allow all students to learn to the best of their abilities.


The structure of ClH-NH3 complex was investigated using the new CCSD(T)F12a method with AVQZ basis set, corroborating previous results of a strong hydrogen bonded complex. The harmonic vibration wavenumbers were also calculated with the same method, having obtained close results to the experimental for the ClH-NH3 stretch (178 cm) and for the NH3 symmetric bending (1121 cm ), and other modes for which there are experimental results show the need for further refinement. The H-Cl stretch is the mode showing the more discordance between the experimental (1371 cm) and the calculated values (2390 cm), after a anharmonic treatment using variational method, it showed a large improvement (2073 cm), showing the importance of anharmonic treatment in this complex. Also coupling effects were going to be taken in account but calculations weren't finalized.


Lodz University of Technology, Department of Mechanics of Textile Machines ul. Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łodź, Poland E-mail: email@example.com Abstract A mathematical model of the gripper mechanism with an electric drive, characterised by an increased work surface is presented in the paper. Equations describing the kinematic and dynamic characteristics have been formulated for this model. The resulting equations have been solved numerically. The calculation results illustrating the rheological reaction of the material to the operation of the gripper have been shown in diagrams.


Carbon nanotube ropes had been synthesized with the presence of catalyst Fe(NO3)3 by using acetylene as the carbon source at 750 ℃.The as-received rope-type carbon nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy.The diameters of the as-produced carbon nanotubes range from 100 nm to 200 nm,and the lengths range from 10 μm to 20 μm.The tentative growth mechanism for rope-type carbon nanotubes had been suggested and discussed.


Real-world social networks, while disparate in nature, often comprise of a set of loose clusters (a.k.a. communities), in which members are better connected to each other than to the rest of the network. In addition, such communities are often hierarchical, reflecting the fact that some communities are composed of a few smaller, sub-communities. Discovering the complicated hierarchical community structure can gain us deeper understanding about the networks and the pertaining communities. This paper describes a hierarchical Bayesian model based scheme namely hierarchical social network-pachinko allocation model (HSN-PAM), for discovering probabilistic, hierarchical communities in social networks. This scheme is powered by a previously developed hierarchical Bayesian model. In this scheme, communities are classified into two categories: super-communities and regular-communities. Two different network encoding approaches are explored to evaluate this scheme on research collaborative networks, including CiteSeer. The experimental results demonstrate that HSN-PAM is effective for discovering hierarchical community structures in large-scale social networks.


Numerical studies were undertaken to elucidate the magnetic field ripple behavior as a function of the uniform transverse magnetic field strength in the l=2,3 polarity helical magnetic system models, that are similar to some actual heliotron\torsatron without additional longitudinal magnetic field coils, such as LHD and U-3M. The existence of vacuum magnetic surface configurations with a minimal field ripple is demonstrated. PACS: 52.55.Hc


By means of defining a real bilinear symmetric function and Schauder fixed point theorem,existence and uniqueness for the solution of nonlinear nonresonant elliptic system with hardy potential have been established.


It is thought important to offer emotional support to parents bereaved in the perinatal period. To evaluate this, a study has been planned in which bereaved parents are randomly allocated to a control (C) group, or a supported (S) group, and their emotional state assessed 6 and 12 months later. Currently 15C and 16S families have entered the study and 4C and 4S assessed at 6 months. A report will be presented of hospital routine in Group C and extra support given in group S with preliminary results of the 6 month follow up. A tangible result of the study so far has been identification of complicated and emotionally-charged administrative procedures which involve parents shortly after bereavement. These include:-simultaneous registration of birth and death; collection and delivery of the certificate of disposal; and choosing the funeral arrangements particularly given the uncertainties of hospital funerals; can the parents attend? How many babies in one grave? Is a coffin used? Is a funeral service held? Can the grave be found afterwards? Clarification of these points is important for all the staff in a maternity hospital and has enabled the child psychiatrist to give practical help to group S and thus be placed in a position to offer more general emotional support.Lewis, E. 1976. "The management of stillbirth: coping with unreality". Lancet 2, 619.


Critical pedagogy is a transformation-based approach to education. The aim of this article is to introduce the origin, vision, action and consequences of critical pedagogy. It also aims on finding ...


Recently, a Checkpointing and Communication Library (CCL) to support optimistic parallel simulation on myrinet based clusters has been presented. Beyond classical low latency message delivery functionalities, this library additionally offers CPU offloaded checkpointing functionalities based on data transfer capabilities provided by a programmable DMA engine on board of myrinet network cards. A re-synchronization functionality is also supported for both logical (i.e. data consistency) and practical (i.e. hardware contention) reasons, which is implemented according to the following semantic: at any re-synchronization point, the simulation application is momentarily frozen until the last activated DMA based checkpoint operation is completed. In case long freezing periods are experienced, the checkpointing functionalities offered by CCL might not be fully effective in reducing the real checkpointing overhead at the simulation application level. To tackle this drawback, we present an alternative semantic for re-synchronization, namely conditional checkpoint abort, leading to application freezing only in case at least a threshold fraction of the state vector currently being checkpointed has already been transferred into the checkpoint buffer. In the opposite case, the checkpoint operation is aborted and the simulation application is immediately allowed to proceed, thus avoiding excessive checkpointing overhead (due to freezing) at the simulation application level. We also report the results of an evaluation, carried out using classical parameterized synthetic benchmarks, which show that the execution speed of the simulation application can be significantly increased by the alternative semantic we propose.


In this paper, we show that the range in magnetic fluxes that is observed in the chemically peculiar Ap, Bp and Op stars is similar to that measured in the High Field Magnetic White Dwarfs and the Neutron Stars, which suggests that the magnetic flux is approximately conserved during stellar evolution at least for intermediate to high mass stars. We also discuss the recent evidence of a bi‐modal distribution of magnetic fields in white dwarfs and its implications for the accretion induced collapse hypothesis for the origin of the binary millisecond pulsars.


Drawing on survey data on the members of six British parties gathered in the immediate aftermath of the general election of 2015, this article addresses the question of what members do for their parties during campaigns. It identifies a key distinction between traditional forms of activity and more recent forms of online campaign participation. While the well-established general incentives theory of participation continues to offer a useful basis for explaining both types of campaign activism, we find that our understanding is significantly enhanced by considering the impact of national and local political contexts. Whereas the former chiefly adds explanatory value to the model of online participation by party members, the latter considerably improves the model of offline participation.


Traditional protocols for the differentiation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) rely on complex media and the use of animal or recombinant proteins either directly or in supplements, such as B27, to obtain tissue monolayers. This fact decreases their reproducibility, while potentially increasing their costs and limiting higher-throughput production of cardiomyocytes for applications in both regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and pharmacological screenings. Albumin/serum-free protocols have been developed but produce cells with limited functionality and at lower yields, despite them being TNNT2-positive. We previously demonstrated it is possible to simplify the differentiation protocol utilizing a stepwise approach and combining time-point interventions with small molecules or nutritional inputs. Here, we performed a thorough screening of commercial media and their suitability for differentiation of hiPSC-CMs. We identified suitable basal media formulations and developed a novel protein-free differentiation protocol (PFDM) for generating hiPSC-CMs that preserves purity, yield, morphology, and functionality while reducing the cost of the differentiation process. PFDM also enabled the identification of nutritional requirements essential for cardiac differentiation and allowed a detailed investigation into how some common components supplemented during hiPSC-CM differentiation impact tissue morphology and contractility. We showed that non-essential amino acids regulate differentiation in a time-dependent manner. Similarly, antioxidant agents such as sodium pyruvate and ascorbic acid, while essential for differentiation, are potentially harmful during early cardiac mesoderm induction. Lastly, we validated this PFDM methodology in 35 control and patient-derived hiPSC lines, with monolayer differentiations in 6- and 12-well plates, 15 cm dishes, in addition to differentiations in 3D using 100- and 250-mL spinner flasks.


The user equipment (UE), using a device-to-device (D2D) mode, apparatus and method capable of transmitting information directly with another user equipment are disclosed herein. The 1UE wishing to communicate with the first 2UE (dUE2) in D2D mode (dUE1) performs various communication request, to the E-Node B which can prompt a connection between DUE1 and dUE2 (eNB). These requirements, the D2D connection via WiFi instead of through Long Term Evolution (LTE). eNB determines the WiFi capability of DUE1 and DUE2, and allocates a subset of the available channels are scanned by DUE1, distinct subset of the available channels are scanned by DUE2. Thus, eNB, based on the scan executed by dUE1 and DUE2, can be assigned a WiFi channel.


Childhood offers a number of opportunities for parents to shape the health related attitudes and behaviors of their children. The proposed research described in this paper aims to better understand the ways in which a child's personal health data can be leveraged to educate and provide a transition to healthy adult behaviors. The target population for this project is children with Type 1 Diabetes and their parents but many of the design issues may be relevant to the management of other chronic diseases as well as general health in childhood.


That this Synopsis has now reached a ninth edition since 1908 is a very clear indication of its popularity. The· original form of the book has been maintained and there is practically no alteration in the size, although many sections have been largely rewritten. A few new illustrations have also been added. If we may make a few criticisms. The statement that with the citrate method of blood transfusion the donor must belong to Group 4 gives an unusual impression. In connection with the pathology of " Shock," the" acapnic" theory is again repeated, and thf;l statement that capillary tone is lost, especially in the splanchnic area, seems to hark hack to the old" splanchnic pool" theory and not to indicate the condition of exremia, with the resulting products of imperfect oxidation and their effects. In the illustrations of gall~stones, the gall-bladder is shown as a pearshaped organ, no idea being given of Hartmann's pouch. There is an immense amount· of information in this volume, which stands by itself as an epitome of surge,ry and thoroughly justifies its production. J. M. H. F.


Engineering solutions of air conditioning systems require the operation analysis and the aerodynamic characteristics verification of the ventilation dampers installed on ventilation, air heating, air conditioning, supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems to prevent air overflow and combustion products from one room to another, as the dampers' characteristics affect the systems' technological reliability and energy efficiency as a whole. Thus, the leakage through the closed dampers leads to a decrease in the useful work of the ventilation unit, characterized by the efficiency coefficient, which is due to the mismatch between the actual and the calculated performance of the ventilation systems. This removes the fan operation from the optimal area. The non-tightness reasons of the ventilation dampers for various purposes were analyzed. To reveal these reasons, the experiments were carried at a laboratory-industrial stand. The use of modern computer programs for processing the experimental data made it possible to build the mathematical models providing the necessary conditions for the adequacy and reliability of the ventilation dampers' studies. A visual description of the digitized three-dimensional flow in the investigated ventilation damper is given. This description can be used in the future to accurately assess the characteristics of ventilation dampers affecting the ventilation systems' technological reliability and energy efficiency.


Objective
To determine the value of hyperextension MRI evaluation in determining whether to perform decompression therapy after reduction of reducible atlantoaxial dislocation as well as assess the decompression effect.

Methods
A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze 24 patients with atlantoaxial dislocation admitted to Honghui Hospital affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University from May 2015 to May 2017. There were 10 males and 14 females, aged 40-74 years, with an average age of 52 years. There were 14 patients with os odontoideum, four patients with odontoid fracture, and six patients with transverse atlantal ligament rupture. Hyperextension MRI was performed to assess spinal cord compression for all patients. Eight patients with anterior spinal cord compression (Group A) underwent posterior atlantoaxial arch decompression plus atlantoaxial internal fixation reduction and bone graft fusion; 16 patients without anterior compression of the spinal cord (Group B) underwent only atlantoaxial internal fixation reduction and bone graft fusion. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Spinal cord compression index and improvement rate of spinal cord decompression were evaluated by routine cervical spine MRI. Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score was used to evaluate the clinical effect.

Results
All patients were followed up for 3-24 months, with an average of 9.3 months. There was no nerve or vertebral artery injury during the operation, and no screw loosening occurred after surgery. The spinal cord compression index (0.37±0.18) in Group A at the last follow-up was significantly lower than that before operation (0.73±0.22) (P<0.05), while the index in Group B (0.19±0.20) at the last follow-up was also lower than that before operation (0.61±0.25) (P<0.05). The improvement rate of spinal cord decompression was 67.11% in Group A and 70.61% in Group B. The final JOA score of Group A was (13.29±3.68)points, which was significantly better than the preoperative JOA [(5.61±2.74)points] (P<0.05). The final JOA score in Group B [(14.13±3.45)points] was also significantly better than the preoperative JOA [(7.32±2.90)points] (P<0.05). Improvement rate of JOA was 57.31% in Group A and 59.91% in Group B.

Conclusions
Hyperextension MRI of cervical vertebra can effectively judge whether the anterior spinal cord is compressed after reduction of atlantoaxial dislocation. It has important clinical significance for decompression treatment during reduction and internal fixation of reducible atlantoaxial dislocation. At the same time, posterior atlantoaxial arch resection and decompression can effectively relieve the compression of the spinal cord after reduction of atlantoaxial dislocation.

Key words:
Atlanto-axial joint; Decompression, surgical; Hyperextension reduction


Foreword, by Deborah Dwork 1. Introduction 2. The Verdict and the Execution 3. The Two Faces of Eichmann 4. Biography of a German 5. Jerusalem Diary I 6. A Ruin in Berlin 7. The Horror and Its Depiction 8. The Horror and Its Origin 9. The Order as Fate 10. The Ideal of Psycho-Technology 11. Jerusalem Diary II 12. On Feelings of Guilt, Guilt, and Reality 13. On Common Sense, Christians, and Thomas Mann 14. A Consideration in Warsaw 15. A Museum in Oswiecim


Abstract : Nanocrystalline intermetallics were produced from pre-cast NiAl using electron beam inert gas condensation system. A liquid nitrogen cooled cold finger was used to collect the powder. After collection, the powder was transported under high vacuum to a compaction unit where in-situ compaction at 1.4 Gpa was carried out under vacuum conditions at temperatures ranging from 100 to 300C. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to investigate chemical composition, phase and grain size. Average grain size in the range of 2 to 10 nm was found for various specimens. XRD spectra of as consolidated specimens suggested a majority of ordered phase with little disordering in n-NiAl.


Objective To compare the biomechanical properties of two lag screws proximal femoral nail(PFN) when they are placed in different points of the neck of femur in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur. Method Three pairs of fresh femora of adults aging from 55 to 65 are taken. They are made into AO type A1.1 intertrochanteric fracture. Fracture specimens are fixed by PFN. The mechanical testing machine loads the fracture model at a speed of 0.5mm/s. The stress distribution of the fracture broken ends, the opening angle of the fracture broken ends, and the relationship between load and displacement are recorded respectively. Result The stress change of the group inferior of the small trochanter is smaller than that of the group superior. The opening angle of the fracture of the group inferior is smaller than that of the group superior. The displacement of the top of the femoral head of the group inferior is smaller than that of the group superior. Conclusion The performance of the group inferior is better than that of the group superior. Thus it can be concluded that when two lag screws of PFN were placed in the middle and below 1/3 part of femoral neck, the biomechanical properties are better, the structure is relatively more stable, and the stress bearing is more reasonable.


I WOULD like draw attention to a new and important initiative, called 'Cymorth TB', being developed by the Welsh Government, working alongside the AHVLA, the BVA and the British Cattle Veterinary Association (BCVA). The aim of the new initiative is to improve the support given to farmers in helping to reduce the risk of TB and to develop best practice for the case management of TB …


This article considers some of the anticipated changes in the world of binders and asphalt paving materials. The author reviews some of the research studies currently underway, including those investigating Superpave, lowered design compaction, the use of local aggregates, the Dynamic Modulus Test (a measure of asphalt mixture stiffness, currently under testing by the Federal Highway Administration), the Wheel Tracking Test (used for rutting), the Creep Recovery Test (used to test mixtures), and binder research, also in the area of creep recovery (notably the Multiple Stress Creep Recovery, or MSCR, test). A final section briefly discusses the impetus to automate aggregate and asphalt testing procedures so that humans never need to touch the samples being tested. Both sieve tests and lasers are being investigated for this purpose.


We consider an arbitrageur who takes advantage of market misvaluations. The market misvaluation is assumed to be mean reverting around zero and to be affected by the arbitrageur's actions. We propose a simple realistic model and explicitly solve the problem and various extensions. We also look at the case where misvaluations are only partially observable. A separation principle is established for that problem: the misvaluation estimation problem and the optimal control problem can be dealt separately.


Two decades after the fall of the Soviet Union, the mood of capitalist triumphalism that existed then, has vanished. With the first prolonged capitalist crisis of the 21st century, the focus is now on the future of capitalism and the uncertain times faced by it. There is recognition, as a banker wrote in the Financial Times, that capitalism is having a "very Marxist crisis". Marxism, which was scorned as a 19th century philosophy and which was declared as an anachronism by the end of the 20th century, has once again proved that it is the only scientific theory to analyse the crisis facing contemporary capitalism. Marxism remains the guide to action on how to transcend capitalism and build a new society free from class exploitation and social oppression. Marxism, as theory and practice, has to constantly evolve. The experience of the theory put into practice has to be evaluated. Based


Generic drugs are drugs that have expired patents and then can be produced by different industries from innovator companies. Controversy over the use of drugs Patents / original drugs and generic / copy drugs have been ongoing in society, including health practitioners, although research on the pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic phases has been widely practiced. In biopharmaceutical studies, different formulations and drug production processes can affect the availability of drugs in the blood which in the later stages will affect the effects of the drug. This study aims to study the dissolution of methylprednisolone 4 mg branded generic tablets from drug manufacturers PT.B, generic "berlogo" from PT.I and patent product from PT.P. Dissolved content was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 200-400nm. The dissolution profile showed no significant difference for patent / innovator, generic branded and generic "berlogo" with similarity factor (F2) patent product with branded generic is 86,9 and patent product with generic logo is 81,2, so it can be concluded that the dissolution profiles of these three drugs are the same.


Usually,we have concentrated on the historical cultural value and economic advantage of the regeneration of architecture,but failed to recognize the importance of the nature of architecture.Being the direct intermediate,the surface not only presents the meaning of connecting and transferring between the interior and exterior of architectural spaces,but also significantly impacts the outcome of the regeneration work.This paper provides a practical implementation,the regeneration of the Campus Center of the Tongji University,to find the way to regenerate correctly.


Morning meetings and ward rounds could arguably be the longest surviving tradition in clinical hospital medicine. They are practiced in one form or the other in almost every country around the world. Morning report has been described as a "traditional ritual in academic medical services" (1). If you visit a teaching hospital and attend a morning meeting in one of its departments, you will get a general impression of the department's organizational culture, working conditions, learning atmosphere, and the level of theoretical knowledge and clinical competency, as well as communication skills, of the doctors at all levels, almost by default. Clear evidence regarding the value of morning report for the training of clinicians and its effectiveness in improving patient care might be lacking (2), but trainee doctors usually rank it as one of the most important and valuable educational activities (3). The definition of a morning meeting/report is debatable as its purpose, setting, structure and components vary (2). In the past, the emphasis has been on the daily monitoring of clinical activities and patient care rather than on the education and training of health professionals. This system existed mainly to provide an overview of clinical activities to the service chief who had the overall responsibility for patients managed within the department. Over the time, it has evolved into a system for case-based learning that facilitates education of residents/trainees, as well as specialists. Today, morning meetings are used for discussing patient management issues, teaching and learning clinical methods, including diagnostic tests and therapeutic procedures, developing presentation skills, ensuring implementation of guidelines and protocols, as well as for service evaluation purposes using adverse incident reporting and clinical audits. With reduced working hours, duty hour restrictions and shift systems, effective communication and efficient transfer of patient care information between teams has become essential to ensure continuity of care. Morning meetings can facilitate a scheduled face-to-face handoff process that has been shown to have the fewest protocol deviations compared to written and electronic sign-in protocols (4). Overall, morning report provides an excellent opportunity for trainee doctors to exercise and improve their knowledge, leadership, presentation and problemsolving skills (5). Ward rounds are an integral part of inpatient service in most hospitals. They are an effective means of interaction between patients (and their relatives), physicians and other health professionals, and provide opportunity for systematically and collectively ensuring that proper care is delivered to individual patients. Conducting a ward round requires clinical acumen, good bedside manners, professionalism, compassion, communication skills and the spirit of teamwork. Therefore, senior experienced physicians are usually seen as the role models who teach and inspire, while the juniors learn by observing and practicing. Ward rounds influence patient experience and failures can directly affect patent safety (6). In recent years, simulation ward rounds have allowed medical students and junior doctors to practice their skills in a safe environment. A joint report by the Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Nursing in the UK set out standard recommendations for ward round practice in 2012, recommending the use of safety checklists to reduce omissions and variations in practice while strengthening team communication, performance and patient experience (7). Poor communication and a lack of respect are common causes of patient complaints. Therefore, communicating clearly, face-to-face in a dignified manner, is important. Health professionals must get a clear picture of their patients' symptoms, accurately assess patients0 condition and evaluate the success of management plans on a regular basis to be able to give appropriate advice. Bedside teaching rounds are important in many respects as they provide opportunities for learning from, communicating with and caring for our patients. Moving ward rounds from bedsides to conference rooms is undesirable and should therefore be resisted. Morning meetings and ward rounds are widely considered an underutilized resource and there has been a trend towards reducing the time allocated for such


Aiming at stable biosensing operation, aqueous-grown ZnO nanorods on sapphire substrates were examined their chemical stability against the immersion in HCl solution. Density and diameter of the ZnO nanorods were remained but their height was shortened when immersed with aminosilane modification while bare ZnO nanorods were completely disappeared after 5 min immersion, indicating that the aminosilane modification is useful to improve the chemical stability of ZnO nanolods even though the membrane by the silanezation process is not fully stable to HCl solution. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Using the analytic model presented at the 109th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America at Austin, TX in April 1985, predictions of the vibration response of ring‐supported, fluid‐loaded, circular cylindrical shells to turbulent boundary layer pressure fluctuations are presented. At different frequencies, wavenumber spectra of the shell response are presented and wavenumber bands where the shell response is maximum are identified. Examples of the dependence of the shell response on the observation location, and ring size and spacing are also given. Sums over wavenumbers are taken to obtain the response of the shell at a point as a function of frequency.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This material was produced with funding from the Commonwealth of Australia and the Australian States and Territories. AHURI gratefully acknowledges the financial and other support it has received from the Commonwealth, State and Territory governments, without which this work would not have been possible. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support provided by individual User Group members in the preparation of this paper and in planning the research project. The User Group members were representatives from the following agencies: Commonwealth DISCLAIMER AHURI Ltd is an independent, non-political body which has supported this project as part of its programme of research into housing and urban development, which it hopes will be of value to policy-makers, researchers, industry and communities. The opinions in this publication reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of AHURI Ltd, its Board or its funding organisations. No responsibility is accepted by AHURI Ltd or its Board or its funders for the accuracy or omission of any statement, opinion, advice or information in this publication.


This monograph proposes an integrated analysis of the complex subject of financing public investments, based on an interdisciplinary approach that combines law with relevant theoretical approaches and methodologies in administrative and political sciences. It seeks to provide effective criteria and assessment mechanisms, together with clear legal structures to inform decisions made by public authorities about the financing of public investments. The first objective of this work is twofold: first, to identify legislative gaps and norms that impede on the performance of public investment projects and second, to provide the foundation for a comprehensive legal regime of the financing of public investments, by integrating the analyses of legal norms, principles and legal interpretations from relevant branches of law, which are currently confined to discrete and limitative legal analyses.


VR
panoramic technology, which has become increasingly perfect, has gained an
expansive area in its application fields. Based on detailed elaboration on the
dilemma existing in the practical training teaching in colleges and
universities, the article expounds the opportunities brought by VR panoramic
technology to teaching, and the theoretical hardware and software support of VR panoramic technology applied to teaching.
Then, further conclusion will made on the feasibility of VR panoramic
technology applied to practical training teaching in colleges and
universities, which targets further promotion for the effect of practical
training teaching.


Abstract Background: pH monitoring can reflect the changes in H+ in the airway. Objectives: To explore the utility of pharyngeal pH monitoring in the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD). Material and methods: Clinical data from 956 suspected LPRD patients from February 2016 to March 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: One hundred forty-one patients had positive Ryan score. The positive rates of reflux symptom index (RSI), reflux finding score (RFS), RSI and RFS and RSI or RFS were 14.7%, 32.5%, 21.9%, 7.8% and 46.5%, respectively. The RFS in the positive Ryan score group was higher than that in the negative Ryan score group [(6 ± 3.5) vs. (4.8 ± 2.9)], while the RSI was not significantly different from that in the negative Ryan score group [(10.9 ± 8) vs. (11.3 ± 7.1)]. Regarding Ryan score as the gold standard in the diagnosis of LPRD, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of identifying LPRD by RSI/RFS were 15.9%, 86.3%, 50.4% and 54%, respectively. Conclusions: Ryan score, RSI and RFS have poor correlation in detecting LPRD. Some patients may be missed with the Ryan score as a diagnostic criterion. Significance: Pharyngeal pH monitoring is useful and more appropriate index is expected.


The general hydro-thermodynamic system of equations in 2+1 dimensions with arbitrary equations of state (Taylor series approximation) is split to eigen modes: Tollmienn-Schlichting (TS) wave and two acoustic ones. A mode definition is realized via local relation equations, extracted from the linearization of the general system over boundary layer flow. Each such connection defines the subspace and the corresponding projector. So the division is performed locally and could help in initial (or boundary) problems formulation. The general nonlinearity account determines the specific form of interaction between acoustic and vortical boundary layer perturbation fields. After the next projecting to a subspace of Orr-Sommerfeld equation solution for the TS wave and the corresponding procedure for acoustics, the equations go to one-dimensional system that describes evolution along the basic stream. A new mechanism of nonlinear resonance excitation of the TS wave by sound is proposed and modelled via four-wave interaction. Subjectclass: Primary 35Q30 ; Secondary 76F70, 35Q72; Keywords: keywords fluid mechanics, boundary layer, projector to eigen modes, Tollmien-Schlichting waves, acoustic waves, nonlinear resonance, N-wave system.


Natural gas hydrate is an important energy source. Therefore, it is extremely important to provide a clear imaging profile to determine its distribution for energy exploration. In view of the problems existing in conventional migration methods, e.g., the limited imaging angles, we proposed to utilize an amplitude-preserved one-way wave equation migration based on matrix decomposition to deal with primary and multiple waves. With respect to seismic data gathered at the Chilean continental margin, a conventional processing flow to obtain seismic records with a high signal-to-noise ratio is introduced. Then, the imaging results of the conventional and amplitude-preserved one-way wave equation migration methods based on primary waves are compared, to demonstrate the necessity of implementing amplitude-preserving migration. Moreover, a simple two-layer model is imaged by using primary and multiple waves, which proves the superiority of multiple waves in imaging compared with primary waves and lays the foundation for further application. For the real data, the imaging sections of primary and multiple waves are compared. We found that multiple waves are able to provide a wider imaging illumination while primary waves fail to illuminate, especially for the imaging of bottom simulating reflections (BSRs), because multiple waves have a longer travelling path and carry more information. By imaging the actual seismic data, we can make a conclusion that the imaging result generated by multiple waves can be viewed as a supplementary for the imaging result of primary waves, and it has some guiding values for further hydrate and in general shallow gas exploration.


Introduction: Behavioral and emotional disorders are highly prevalent and heterogeneous common disorders in children and adolescents that include attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), adjustment disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive/compulsive disorder (OCD), posttraumatic stress disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, depression and others. These disorders are frequently associated with the negative outcomes in adulthood, substance abuse and dependence, early pregnancy, persistent health problems, increased aggression, impulsivity, hyperactivity, inattention, obsessions, compulsions, anxiety, suicidality, delinquency, and criminality. These disorders are multifactorial and heterogeneous, with a complex etiology and strong genetic component. No single deficit is sufficient to explain all clinical cases of these disorders. Various child-specific, environmental, demographic, psychosocial, psychiatric, cognitive, developmental and genetic factors, with the stress exposure or adverse early life experiences, and a complicated interplay of these factors, contribute to the development and maintenance of these disorders and antisocial, violent and suicidal behaviors. The neurobiological basis of these disorders is not clear, but it is assumed to involve particular gene mutations and altered functions of the main neurotransmitter (dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin /5-HT/) and neuroendocrine (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) systems. Materials and Methods: Platelet markers, monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) and 5-HT, and polymorphisms of the genes for catechol-o- methyl-transferase (COMT) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were determined in male and female children with depression, OCD, ADHD, and phobias. Children were further subdivided according to the gender and suicidal behavior. Clinical diagnoses and suicidal behavior were assessed according to the DSM-IV criteria, different clinical scales and the psychiatric interview. Results: Significant differences were found in platelet 5-HT concentration between healthy boys and girls, but not among suicidal and non-suicidal children. Significant differences in the frequency of the Val66Met BDNF genotypes between suicidal, non-suicidal and healthy groups were detected. The distribution of the Val158/108Met COMT variants, and platelet MAO-B activity, did not differ significantly between the studied groups. Discussion: Our results did not support the hypothesis that reduced platelet 5-HT concentration or lower platelet MAO-B activity or Val158/108Met COMT variants present the risk factors for suicidal behavior in children. The significant contribution of the Met/Val genotype of the Val66Met BDNF to the observed significance suggested that Val66Met BDNF might present a risk factor for suicidal behavior. This result should be confirmed on the larger sample. Since the clinical features of behavioral and emotional disorders are heterogeneous and complex, further research of the risk factors for suicidal behavior is important to identify and properly treat children and adolescents prone to suicidal behavior, in order to prevent suicidal behavior, suicidal attempts and completed suicides.


The basic control loop for modern gearless high-speed elevators is discussed from the standpoint of a high-gain feedback control system. New transducers provide a rapid and smooth dynamic response. Accurate floor leveling is obtained by conversion from a velocity to a position-regulating system near the floor. Outstanding system performance has been demonstrated in tests of full-scale installations


The experimentation entitled, "Studies on different growth regulators and stage of application on inflorescence induction and development of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) Var. Queen" was carried out at the Agri-technology Park, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi during 2017-2020. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with two factors i.e. factor A- growth regulators (G) and factor B- stage of application (S). These factors consist of twelve and three levels respectively, thirty six treatment combinations with three replications. The experiment was conducted on pineapple plants of Queen Variety. The growth regulators i.e. NAA 10ppm (G1), NAA 20ppm (G2), Ethrel 10ppm (G3), Ethrel 30ppm (G4), Ethrel 50ppm (G5), NAA 10ppm + Ethrel 10ppm (G6), NAA 10ppm + Ethrel 30ppm (G7), NAA 10ppm + Ethrel 50ppm (G8), NAA 20ppm + Ethrel 10ppm (G9), NAA 20ppm + Ethrel 30ppm (G10), NAA 20ppm + Ethrel 50ppm (G11) and Control (G12) by foliar application were applied at 30,35 and 40 leaves stage. Among the different treatment combination the treatment G4S3 (Ethrel 30ppm at 40 leaves stage) noted the minimum days taken for completion of flowering and days required for fruit maturity.


Roughness of a pavement surface is commonly correlated to its serviceability. On the other hand, on many occasions, investigators have attributed pavement roughness to inadequate skid resistance (friction) as well. However, current pavement friction evaluation and standardization models have yet to incorporate effects of pavement roughness. Hence a study was conducted to investigate and quantify the effects of pavement roughness on the skid number (SN) (or 100 coefficient of friction). First, an experimental program was executed to evaluate SN measured from a locked wheel tester (LWT) on pavement sections with similar micro- and macrotexture conditions but different levels of roughness. The measured average SN was seen to be significantly lower on relatively rougher pavement sections. To explain the above observations, a second set of experiments was conducted to study the effect of the normal load on the LWT tire on SN. Statistical analysis including regression and ANOVA was used to validate the nonlinear reciprocal relationship found between SN and the normal load which contradicts the general perception of constant SN with respect to the normal load. Then, a one-dimensional two-degrees-of-freedom vibration model was formulated to incorporate the significant dynamic fluctuations of the normal load of the LWT induced by pavement roughness and the vehicle speed. The variation of the normal load and its nonlinear relation to SN was used to explain lower SN values measured on relatively rougher surfaces. The feasibility of using the international roughness index and the dynamic load coefficient as predictors of the reduction in SN due to pavement roughness was also investigated. Assurance of adequate skid resistance is a vital factor considered in allocating pavement rehabilitation funds at the network level. Since excessively rough pavements also create skid hazards, it is concluded that roughness effects must be considered in pavement management systems not only for serviceability purposes, but also in safety evaluations.


In these areas of flexible displays and wearable devices, double-sided light-emitting devices have huge commercial applications. Here, we provide a novel form of flexible double-sided light-emitting devices by designing and manufacturing different transparent interdigital electrodes for lighting the structural areas of composite emitting layers. The transparent interdigital electrodes are fabricated by embedding multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into interdigital mesh-structured microcavities using a doctor-blading process and the emitting layers are fabricated by mixing copper-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu) phosphor particles into the transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer. The fabricated double-sided light-emitting devices could be in the crimp state, exhibiting excellent flexibility. By designing the structure of the interdigital electrodes and the thickness of the emitting layers, the double-sided emission intensity of the light-emitting devices can be adjusted. Furthermore, based on the flexible double-sided light-emitting devices, various patterns can be successfully programmed, such as the digital, grayscale and ancient Chinese walls. The flexible and programmable double-sided light-emitting films provide a promising strategy for the next generation of customized flexible displays.


This publication stems from the work of the CORELOG project (Coordinated Regional Logistics), financed within the EU Initiative INTERREG IIIB CADSES NP (Central, Adriatic, Danubian and South-Eastern European Space) and coordinated by Regione Emilia- Romagna in cooperation with the Institute for Transport and Logistics (ITL). The project work is focussed on the development of coordinated regional policies in transport and logistics which can grant companies' competitiveness and the territorial sustainability of transport and logistics activities.


On the condition of variable thermal conductivity, the economical thickness for plane wall and pipe insulation is analyzed and calculated and corresponding calculating expressions of economical thickness are obtained. In the meantime, the results are compared with those of constant thermal conductivity and the calculation is useful for design of insulation.


Based on the characteristics of Xiliao river basin,the paper analyzes the main problems of water resources development and utilization.On the basis,the paper put forward some measures to solve these problems,which are ① the scientific development to transform the mode of economic growth,②overall planning to allocate water resources rationally,③development potential to advance water-saving reconstruction of irrigation,④strengthen protect to restore water ecological environment gradually and ⑤perfect system to enhance integrated management capability.


Fig. 1: Power electronics system driving ac load, powered by a fuel cell. Abstract—A dynamic model of a PEM fuel cell is developed for power electronics simulation. The model accounts for static losses of activation, ohmic, and concentration regions, and dynamic transients due to charge double layer and compressor delay. In this paper, study was given to additional factors, including temperature, for their effects on the output voltage with respect to load on the fuel cell stack. Findings were analyzed and incorporated into the model based on testing with a Ballard Nexa 1.2 kW PEM fuel cell unit. The model is developed for PSPICE, then tested and compared to experimental data from the Ballard fuel cell system.


Of course you know that Carlo Rosselli, one of the leaders of the anti-fascist movement in Paris, founded a movement called Giustizia e Libertà. He wrote a book titled Socialismo Liberate that was published in Paris in 1930. It was essentially concerned with a criticism of Marxism, especially the Marxist tradition of the Italian Left. Different from the revisionist struggle in German social democracy, there were still revolutionaries as well as reformers in the Italian Socialist Party who considered themselves Marxists. Filippo Turati, the leader of the right-wing Socialists, as well as Giuseppe Saragat, always considered themselves Marxists. Rosselli's was mainly a philosophical critique of the Marxism of the Second International: as a consequence of its mechanistic historical determinism, Marxist socialism had broken with the great tradition of freedom in liberal thought.


The double perovskite Cs2AgInCl6 is a potential material for the absorbing layer of a thin film solar cell due to its direct band gap. The only current limitation the material has is its wide band gap. A careful engineering of its structural, mechanical and opto-electronic properties with the aid of hydrostatic pressure ranging from 0 GPa16 GPa has been studied using density functional theory. The calculations were carried out using GGA-PBEsol (Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof revised for solids) exchange correlation functional. It is found that the lattice constant reduces as the pressure increases, while the bulk modulus increases as the exerted pressure increases. The bulk moduli calculated from the elastic constants are found to be in agreement with those obtained via Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. This indicates the accuracy of the calculations, and it is achieved at all pressure values. The mechanical properties of the material are investigated, and the material is found to be anisotropic and ductile at all pressure considered. Due to the underestimation of the energy band gap by GGA-PBEsol exchange correlation functional, Tran-Blaha modified Burke Johnson (TB-mBJ), a metaGGA functional, was used to calculate the electronic and optical properties. The energy band gap is found to reduce from 2.746 eV at ambient pressure to 2.482 eV at 6 GPa and momentarily increases until it reached 2.501 eV at 16 GPa. The optical properties of Cs2AgInCl6 revealed its absorption threshold is in the visible range, although a shift in the absorption threshold is observed as pressure is applied on it. An 8.7 % increase in the refractive index is observed as pressure increases. The calculated absorption coefficient corresponds reasonably with the calculated band gap. The electron energy loss function and reflectivity of the material have also been investigated.


The majority of current Text-to-Speech (TTS) datasets, which are collections of individual utterances, contain few conversational aspects. In this paper, we introduce DailyTalk, a high-quality conversational speech dataset designed for conversational TTS. We sampled, modified, and recorded 2,541 dialogues from the open-domain dialogue dataset DailyDialog inheriting its annotated attributes. On top of our dataset, we extend prior work as our baseline, where a non-autoregressive TTS is conditioned on historical information in a dialogue. From the baseline experiment with both general and our novel metrics, we show that DailyTalk can be used as a general TTS dataset, and more than that, our baseline can represent contextual information from DailyTalk. The DailyTalk dataset and baseline code are freely available for academic use with CC-BY-SA 4.0 license1.


School leaders play an important role in transforming schools towards excellence in education. The application of Frog VLE is one of the educational transformations introduced to nearly 10,000 schools in Malaysia. However, the use of this application is still at a low level based on scientific studies carried out by the researchers. In this regard, this study was conducted to evaluate the support of school leaders towards the readiness of Islamic Education teachers towards the use of Frog VLE applications in schools, especially primary schools. This study conducted quantitative method using observation and questionnaire instruments. A total number of 367 respondents completed their questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS 23.0. The results showed that the support level of school leaders was high at mean = 3.82 and standard deviation = 0.29. The findings also found significant correlation between the support of school leaders and the willingness of Islamic education teachers at r = 0.37. Hence, it is recommended that school leaders need to increase the encouragement level in the form of motivation, monitoring and activating the Islamic Education teachers to use Frog VLE frequently, so that this application will be consistent and expanded.


General Research Institute for Nonferrous M firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Physics, University of York, york.ac.uk † Electronic supplementary information (E carbide, experimental geometry and di reconstruction of the reciprocal 3D vol volume visualization, rhombohedral latti carbide ve-fold cyclic twinned nanowire extinction distance evaluation of (112)r 10.1039/c3nr01839c Cite this: Nanoscale, 2013, 5, 9067


For any positive integer n, the famous pseudo Smarandache function Z(n) is de¯ned as the smallest positive integer m such that n j m(m + 1)2 . That is, Z(n) = min ½ m : n j m(m + 1) 2 ; n 2 N. The Smarandache reciprocal function Sc(n) is de¯ned as Sc(n) = max fm : y j n! for all 1 · y · m; and m + 1 y n!g. That is, Sc(n) is the largest positive integer m such that y j n! for all integers 1 · y · m. The main purpose of this paper is to study the solvability of some equations involving the pseudo Smarandache function Z(n)and the Smarandache reciprocal function Sc(n), and propose some interesting conjectures.


Oral reading, or reading aloud, is one of the most commonly used educational practices in literacy classrooms, especially in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) (Gibson, 2008; Kadota, 2007, 2012). In order to achieve successful oral reading, there is a need to identify the reader's orthographic and phonological processing abilities at the early stage of teaching and learning (Suzuki, 2005; Ichiyama, 2009, 2010). Test items that assess orthographic and phonological processing skills were developed and administered to tertiary level students. The results were analyzed using Rasch analysis so that these test items could be stored with item difficulty indices for future students. The analysis revealed that some of the test items are not appropriate for the assessment of students' orthographic and phonological processing skills.


Abstract An experimental study has been carried out to investigate the effect of sanding on the electrical isolation of a wheel/rail contact. Sand is applied to the wheel/rail interface to increase adhesion in both braking and traction. Train detection, for signalling purposes, can be by means of track circuits. Signalling block occupancy is triggered by the wheelset of the train 'shorting out' the track circuit. Sand in the wheel/rail interface means that contact between the wheelsets and the track may be compromised, inhibiting train identification. Tests were performed on a twin-disc machine where rail and wheel steel discs are loaded together and driven under controlled conditions of rolling and slip. Sand was fed into the disc contact through a standard compressed air sanding valve. The electrical circuit used was a simplified simulation of the TI21 track circuit. The application of sand with and without water to the discs was carried out under a range of mild and severe test conditions. The results indicated that a transition exists in the sand flowrate below which there is a measurable, but not severe, change in voltage, but above which the contact conductance decreases by an order of magnitude and the voltage tends towards its open-circuit value. The total isolation time also showed a similar transition. Contact resistance was modelled assuming full disc separation by a sand layer and partial disc contact with some sand present. Traction was monitored during the tests. A wet contact showed approximately half the traction of a dry contact. The addition of sand increased the traction to levels observed in a dry contact. Idealizations inherent in the test method mean that it represents a severe case. The disc geometry is smaller than a wheel/rail contact and both are in rotational motion. The sand nozzle was placed closer to the interface, leading to greater sand entrainment and low inductance. A fast data acquisition rate made the test circuit more sensitive to small fluctuations in isolation than an actual track circuit. Given these limitations, it is likely that the test method, at its present stage of development, should be used as a means to assess qualitatively the relative effects on electrical isolation of different contaminants.


Leishmaniasis is a major group of parasitic diseases in the tropical regions. Their public
health importance requires integrated measures in order to ensure effective control of the
disease. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of control with pentavalent antimonial agents still
widely used as the drugs of choice. However, these drugs are associated with many undesired
effects, which include renal and cardiac toxicity, myalgia, anthralgia, pancreatitis,
gastrointestinal problems, cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death. The antimonials are also
very expensive, and require a long period of administration. Subsequently, the search for
compounds with possible antileishmanial activity is growing. A lot of focus is currently
being given to natural products. It has long been known that plants are a rich source of
compounds with potential medicinal uses. Acacia mellifera subsp. mellifera is a recognized
medicinal plant used for conditions such as malaria, pneumonia, sterility, stomach problems
and primary stages of syphilis. However, limited information is available on its isolated
metabolites. The main objective of this study was to determine whether A. mellifera has any
antileishmanial activities. To achieve this the stem bark and leaves of A. mellifera were
extracted using methanol and dichloromethane then extracts evaluated against Leishmania
major promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro. Further fractionation on dichloromethane
extracts yielded nine fractions designated as fractions I-IX. The effects of extracts as well as
fractions were evaluated both in cell free media and using infected macrophages. To evaluate
the immunostimulatory activities of the extracts, production of nitric oxide in supernatants
from macrophages stimulated with extracts was detected by Griess test. All tests were done
in triplicate. Statistical analyses of the results obtained were done by analysis of variance,
chi-square and Kruskal- Wallis test. Results revealed that extracts containing a combination
of methanol and dichloromethane had the highest activity against L major promastigotes in
cell-free culture. 100% mortaJity was observed on promastigotes cultured with 5mg/ml of
the methanol and dichloromethane crude extracts. The methanol and dichloromethane stem
bark extracts, however, did not inhibit the transformation of L major amastigotes into
promastigotes (P>0.05). The stem bark methanol extract had the lowest infection rate of
41.35%. Infection rates of the extracts compared to a positive control had a difference (X2
=13.89; df=9; P>0.05). The fractions of dichloromethane had a statistically significant
difference in their infection rates (F=6.827; df=4,15; P0.05). These results suggest another possibJe mechanism of action of the fractions other
than through stimulation of nitric oxide production. A comparison of the immunostimulatory
effects between the methanol and dichloromethane indicated production of nitric oxide by the
methanol extract. There was a difference (H4444= 14.04; P<0.05). The results from this study
demonstrate that Acacia mellifera indeed has activity against Leishmania major parasites.
This is a major contribution toward attainment of the Millenium Development Goal that seeks to combat disease.


An improved train model, which contributes to obtain the aerodynamic characteristic of the high-speed train equipment bay, is established. By building a VEB (vehicle equipment bay) model in it, this improved model can demonstrate air flow around the VEB. The result shows that pressure fluctuation appears around the VEB, which gives visible difference from the classical train model. Applying the spectral analysis, the influence factors (include position and train speed) of the pressure fluctuation is studied.


Leatherjackets, the larvae of Tipula paludosa Meig., are pests that are strongly associated with crops that follow grass. This makes organic systems that rely on grass/clover fertility building phases in a rotation particularly vulnerable to attack in comparison with conventional agriculture. There is currently no approved method of controlling leatherjackets in an organic vegetable crop and all available options necessitate some form of advance intervention. Avoidance is the most effective approach and this can take two forms – restricting pest population growth and not planting a crop when it is vulnerable to attack. Other possible techniques are to use cultivations to cause mortality to leatherjackets, or to apply a biopesticide. In this paper I explore this range of options using simulation models of leatherjacket population dynamics and field observations on the timing of instars in the population.


A study on the vertical and horizontal distribution of sand-dwelling dinoflagellates was conducted over a one year period in the coastal and lagoon areas of Dinawan Island. Fifty metre line transects were horizontally laid out perpendicular to the beach. At each station, 12–14 cm of sediments was vertically collected (10m interval). These sediments were divided every 2 cm over a 10 cm distance. At each slice of the sediments, sand-dwelling dinoflagellates were identified and counted. Furthermore, the sediments were sieved for sand size characteristics. Sand total phosphorus and total nitrogen were horizontally determined. Sixteen species of dinoflagellates were identified including five dominant dinoflagellates species viz. Prorocentrum lima, P. rhathymum, Amphidinium carterae, Bsymatrum caponii and Peridinium quinquercorne. The number of dinoflagellate cells was concentrated at the top 2 cm of the sediment and tended to decrease towards the deeper depth at the coastal and lagoon areas . The horizontal distribution of sand-dwelling dinoflagellates depended on the geomorphology of the area. In the coastal areas, the distribution of sand-dwelling organisms increased towards the sea but not towards the lagoon areas. However, a positive correlation was found between fine sediment size and sand dwelling abundance and not for other parameters studied. This indicates that the sediment characteristics played an important role in determining the abundance of sand-dwelling dinoflagellates.


The paper deals with the propagation of shear horizontal (SH) waves in an nonhomogeneous elastic half-space composed of a layer whose shear modulus and mass density have a power dependence on the distance from the lower plane and the periodically stratified half-space. The equation which relates the wave speed to the wave-number and functions of the shear modulus and mass density is derived. The wave velocity is analyzed numerically. Especially, the influence of mechanical properties of the coating layer and the stratified foundation on the wave velocity is presented in the form of figures.


In recent years, due to the global energy crisis, increasingly more countries have recognized the importance of developing clean energy. Offshore wind energy, as a basic form of clean energy, has become one of the current research priorities. In the future, offshore wind farms will be developed in deep and distant sea areas. In these areas, there is a new trend of floating offshore wind platforms replacing fixed wind power platforms, due to their low cost, ease of installation, and independence from the water depth. However, the stability of offshore floating platforms is poor and their power fluctuations are significant; furthermore, they are more prone to failure because of sea wind, waves, and currents. This paper summarizes and analyzes the current research progress and critical technical issues of offshore floating wind power generation, such as stability control technology, integrated wind storage technology, wind power energy management, and long-distance transmission of electricity for floating wind power generation at sea. Finally, future research directions for key offshore wind power technologies are presented.


Trimethylindium (TMI), used to make III-V semiconductor compounds, was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Several calibration approaches were evaluated for the determination of impurities. Oil-based standards dissolved in xylene and in 10% trimethylindium solution in xylene were tested for external and matrix-matched calibrations. Significant differences in the two calibrations were observed for most elements, causing severe determination error. This difference is due to an exchange between the indium in the sample matrix and the metal in the standard analyte compound (i.e., sulfonate, naphthenate, octanoate). An analyte species with enhanced volatility results. The analytes exhibiting highest enhancement are Al, Cd, Pb, Hg, Sn and Zn. Elements showing moderate enhancements are B, Ca, Mg, Mn and Si. Some analytes (i.e., Be, Fe) exhibit no signal enhancement. The sensitivity increased from several to several thousand per cent compared with standard analytes in xylene. Results from a flow merging experiment suggest that interaction between the matrix (TMI) and the standard analyte compound is fast and reaches completion in a few seconds.