Based on a super high-rise steel structure project,which intends to use large-diameter,middle thickness steel tube filled with concrete,the paper studies of the possible lamellar tearing at connections.Firstly,two different connection specimens with inside strengthening rings were designed according to the design code.The results show that the connections are of high load-bearing and deformation capacity,but the plastic hinge appears in the intersection of the beam and the column.If the welding happens to have some minor defects,it will lead to lamellar tearing failure causing a great security risk for the structure.A new improved connection design was proposed,and the corresponding test study and finite element analysis were carried out.The results show that the plastic hinge location is obviously away from the intersection region,which has effectively improved the stress state of the connections.The failure mode of the connections,stress distribution and the load bearing capacity from elastic-plastic finite element analysis basically match with the test measured results,which shows that the analysis theory used in engineering design in line with the actual working conditions of the node.The suggested detailing design can avoid lamellar tearing failure in connections.


AbstractA trend analysis was applied to a 14-yr time series of downwelling spectral infrared radiance observations from the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) located at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) site in the U.S. Southern Great Plains. The highly accurate calibration of the AERI instrument, performed every 10 min, ensures that any statistically significant trend in the observed data over this time can be attributed to changes in the atmospheric properties and composition, and not to changes in the sensitivity or responsivity of the instrument. The measured infrared spectra, numbering more than 800 000, were classified as clear-sky, thin cloud, and thick cloud scenes using a neural network method. The AERI data record demonstrates that the downwelling infrared radiance is decreasing over this 14-yr period in the winter, summer, and autumn seasons but it is increasing in the spring; these trends are statistically significant and are primarily due to long-term change...


Based on the maximum shear stress theory, a theoretical model is developed for the spallation of a plated film under irradiation of a short pulsed laser beam. The formula of the laser energy threshold for the plated film spallation and the relationship between the radius of the spallation zone and the parameters of both the laser beam and the plated film are deduced. As an example, the spallation of a ZrO 2 plated film irradiated by a ns degree short pulsed laser beam is calculated, and both the curve of the spallation radius vs. laser energy and the temperature data are obtained. The theoretical and experimental results are in good accordance with each other, which indicates that the theoretical model is reasonable. The theoretical model with its results declares that the axial rapid thermal expansion, the thermal softening of the film material and the cone shaped shearing sliding induced by both the shearing stress on the lateral cross section and the radial and circumferential stresses are the main causes of the spallation phenomenon.


This paper presents a novel formulation for the modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation in pillar-type photonic crystal waveguide devices. The structure under consideration is formed in an inflnitely extended pillar-type photonic crystal and the wave propagation is controlled by removing some cylinders from the original periodic structure. The structure is considered as cascade connections of straight waveguides, and the input/output properties of the devices are obtained using an analysis method of multilayer structure. Each layer includes periodic circular cylinder array with defects, and the transfer-matrix is obtained by using a spectral-domain approach based on the recursive transition-matrix algorithm with the lattice sums technique and the pseudo-periodic Fourier transform.


The Jambi City Regional Government provides the SIKOJA Application (Jambi City Information System) to make it easier for the public to obtain integrated information. This study aims to identify the government's perspective on the development of the SIKOJA Application and identify the use of the SIKOJA Application from the community's point of view. This research was conducted using qualitative methods, and secondary data were obtained from the study of planning documents, statistical data, and supporting documents. Primary data were obtained through direct observation and in-depth interviews. The results show that no development constraints were found by the indicators of constraints in the development of integrated information systems. However, it was found that external obstacles in the form of difficulties in integrating several applications, and it was found that the utilization of the SIKOJA Application was still not optimal among the community because there were still few people who knew and used the SIKOJA Application.


The severity of cardiac dysfunction predicts mortality in sepsis. Activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor type (TRPV)‐1, a predominantly neuronal nonselective cation channel, has been shown to improve outcome in sepsis and endotoxemia. However, the role of TRPV1 and the identity of its endogenous ligands in the cardiac dysfunction caused by sepsis and endotoxemia are unknown. Using TRPV1−/− and TRPV1+/+ mice, we showed that endogenous activation of cardiac TRPV1 during sepsis is key to limiting the ensuing cardiac dysfunction. Use of liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry lipid analysis and selective inhibitors of arachidonic metabolism suggest that the arachidonate‐derived TRPV1 activator, 20‐hydroxyeicosateraenoic acid (20‐HETE), underlies a substantial component of TRPV1‐mediated cardioprotection in sepsis. Moreover, using selective antagonists for neuropeptide receptors, we show that this effect of TRPV1 relates to the activity of neuronally released cardiac calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and that, accordingly, administration of CGRP can rescue cardiac dysfunction in severe endotoxemia. In sum activation of TRPV1 by 20‐HETE leads to the release of CGRP, which protects the heart against the cardiac dysfunction in endotoxemia and identifies both TRPV1 and CGRP receptors as potential therapeutic targets in endotoxemia.—Chen, J., Hamers, A. J. P., Finsterbusch, M., Massimo, G., Zafar, M., Corder, R., Colas, R. A., Dalli, J., Thiemermann, C., Ahluwalia, A. Endogenously generated arachidonate‐derived ligands for TRPV1 induce cardiac protection in sepsis. FASEB J. 32, 3816–3831 (2018). www.fasebj.org


Biologic therapies have revolutionized the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis, and several biologic agents are currently available to patients. However, the high cost associated with these drugs contributes to the underutilization of biologics and the resultant undertreatment of disease. In recent years, biosimilars have been developed for several of the commonly used biologic agents, with reported similar efficacy and safety profiles to the original agents. They are also somewhat less costly than the original biologic agents that they are similar to. Despite this, many dermatologists are still skeptical of biosimilars for a variety of reasons. It is important for dermatologists to familiarize themselves with the emerging safety and efficacy data for the biosimilar agents, so as to provide patients with safe, efficacious, and potentially affordable treatment options as biosimilars become available over the next several years. In this article, we set out to review available data regarding biosimilar medications in the treatment of psoriasis. A literature review was performed utilizing the PubMed database. The results of these studies indicate that biosimilars have a high degree of similarity regarding safety and efficacy when compared to their originator biologics for the treatment of psoriasis.


The horizontal and vertical earthquake response of an isolated bridge structure under multiple seismic ground motion excitations is analyzed in this paper.The nonlinear dynamic equations are established firstly, then the equations are linearized to an equivalent system by nonlinear random vibration theory.The exact solutions of the equivalent linearized equations are obtained by classical modal method,and the computation formula of structural response are also provided in the paper.An analysis example of isolated bridge structure under the action of multiple seismic ground motion is presented.The analysis results show the analysis method is effective,and it is suitable to use in engineering.


The purification of heparin by double oxidation process with H 2O 2 was investigated. The centrifugal technique under low temperature was used to solve the difficulty of removing of the precipitation. The the crude heparin sodium salt was degraded by adding trypsin, so that the residual proteins were removed from heparin. The results showed that the improved process, which combined oxidation and degradation, can raise the potency and recovery of heparin sodium salt.


Several investigators have reported on the clinical features and histological, chemical, and radiographic findings in the teeth with dentinogenesis imperfecta.1-4 Although Xray absorption studies have shown that dentin formation is greatly disturbed and often irregularly and poorly mineralized,57 studies of the effects of this disease on cementum and circumpulpal and root dentin have not been reported extensively or in detail. The present study has been conducted to observe the effects of dentinogenesis imperfecta on crown dentin and to study the morphological changes in cementum and circumpulpal and root dentin, as evaluated by microradiographic and polarized light technics.


This paper presents a computational method for designing an assembly with multiple built-in disassembly pathways, each of which can be activated to retrieve certain components. It is motivated by the global sales of consumer products whose optimal end-of-life options vary geographically due to local recycling/reuse infrastructures and regulatory requirements. Given the sets of components to be retrieved at each location, the method simultaneously determines the spatial configurations of components and locator features, such that each set of desired components is retrieved via a domino-like "self-disassembly" process triggered by the removal of a fastener. A multi-objective generic algorithm is utilized to search for Pareto-optimal designs in terms of the realization of the desired disassembly pathways, the satisfaction of distance specifications among components, the minimization of disassembly cost at each location, and the efficient use of on-component locator features. A case study demonstrates the feasibility of the method.


As an important active ingredient of liquorice,glycyrrhizin has anti-virus,anti-inflammatory,anti-allergy,anti allergy,anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects.Which concern the role of immune regulation.Glycyrrhizin play a double role on cellular immunity and humoral immunity.Glycyrrhizin is an effective biological response modifier,the performance of the immune regulation in the immune active cells,cytokines,complement.Glycyrrhizin can enhance the helper T lymphocyte proliferation and activity,the promotion of lymphocytes IL-2,INF-γ,IL-1 and other cytokines,inhibition of IL-4,IL-10,IL-8,etc.It also has anti-complement activity,selectively inhibiting the activation of the complement system approach.Because of the immunomodulatory effects,glycyrrhizin has been widely used in clinical practice.In psoriasis,chronic idiopathic urticaria,bronchial asthma,chronic liver disease,AIDS and cancer and other diseases as the main drug treatment achieved good results.The immunomodulatory effects of glycyrrhizin is reviewed in this paper according to the investigation of the world.


The correlation between morphology and optoelectronic performance in organic thin‐film transistors based on blends of photochromic diarylethenes (DAE) and poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is investigated by varying molecular weight (Mw = 20–100 kDa) and regioregularity of the conjugated polymer as well as the temperature of thermal annealing (rt‐160 °C) in thin films. Semicrystalline architectures of P3HT/DAE blends comprise crystalline domains, ensuring efficient charge transport, and less aggregated regions, where DAEs are located as a result of their spontaneous expulsion from the crystalline domains during the self‐assembly. The best compromise between field‐effect mobility (μ) and switching capabilities is observed in blends containing P3HT with Mw = 50 kDa, exhibiting μ as high as 1 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 combined with a >50% photoswitching ratio. Higher or lower Mw than 50 kDa are found to be detrimental for field‐effect mobility and to lead to reduced device current switchability. The microstructure of the regioregular P3HT blend is found to be sensitive to the thermal annealing temperature, with an increase in μ and a decrease in current modulation being observed as a response to the light‐stimulus likely due to an increased P3HT‐DAE segregation, partially hindering DAE photoisomerization. The findings demonstrate the paramount importance of fine tuning the structure and morphology of bicomponent films for leveraging the multifunctional nature of optoelectronic devices.


Abstract : We apply the Fast Marching Method on triangulated domains to efficiently compute Voronoi diagrams and offset curves on triangulated manifolds. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is optimal, O(M log M), where M is the number of vertices. The algorithm also applies to weighted domains in which a different cost is assigned to each surface point.


Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of aspirin and helicobacter pylori on acetic acid gastric ulcer. Methods Gastric ulcer was induced with acetic acid in rats and then the rats were divided into 4 groups. The intragastric administration was made twice a day from 12th day to 19th day after ulcer induction: Ⅰgroup( normal sodium,normal sodium),Ⅱ group( helicobacter pylori,normal sodium),Ⅲ group( aspirin,normal sodium) and Ⅳgroup( helicobacter pylori,aspirin). Expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen( PCNA) and transforming growth factor-α( TGF-α) were detected through immunohistochemical method after 20th day. pH in gastric juice was determined by acidity meter. Results There were significant differences in the integral optical density of PCNA,TGF-α in gastric mucosa and the pH in gastric juice among 4 groups( P 0. 01). Conclusions Helicobacter pylori and aspirin can inhibit ulcer healing by inhibiting the expressions of PCNA and TGF-α and promoting gastric acid secretion.


This diploma thesis presents a brief history of Czechoslovak military units during the World War II, including medical and nursing care. Another part of this thesis presents information about work of the medical staff collected through content analysis of testimonies of witnesses, combined with the synthesis of archival records from Military Historical Archive. The conclusion of this thesis points to the shared phenomena with which the World War II paramedics had to deal during the war.


With the advances of the last twenty years, information has become readily available to most Americans. Databases of scholarly papers and news articles are now available at the touch of a button. For blind and visually impaired (BVI) individuals, however, reading is still a cumbersome task that requires either huge Braille books or, still fairly large, mechanical Braille systems that often times must be linked to a computer. Electrotactile based Braille systems that utilize electronic stimulation to the reading finger can be made much more portable, but can also prick or shock the user if skin conditions like moisture or contact area change rapidly. To solve this problem, a load-aware adaptive control loop that can adjust current stimulation level based on fingertip condition is needed. As a first step, we detail the preliminary implementation, calibration, and testing of a developed electronic Braille (e-Braille) system that can perform on-line identification of the bioimpedance parameters of a user's fingertip skin. The identified individual bioimpedance was used as a control reference for a load-aware adaptive control system in the next stage. The output of the constant voltage driver for the system was calibrated to a certain voltage output based on user input and data acquisition device (DAQ) output. Next the identification algorithm was developed and verified by observing that plots of the mean square error approached zero over time. Finally, the system was tested using a first order linear model of fingertip skin and a number of adjustments were made to reduce the identification error to an acceptable range. Additionally preliminary data were collected with an EEG headset to determine the tactile correlation between mechanical and electronic Braille. This work shows that with some adjustments, the identification system is capable of performing with errors as low as 10% over a comprehensive range of fingertip impedance values and errors as low as 5% when tuned to a specific set of bioimpedance parameters. The preliminary EEG data collected also, provide a point of comparison with which to test future studies on the brain's response to e-Braille. Thus, this portable, adaptive e-Braille system has the potential to expand the access of BVI individuals to books, news, and social technology.


Patients with severe active lupus nephritis (LN) require immunosuppressive therapy to induce remission. However, the development of profound hypogammaglobulinemia causing cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is a rare occurrence during standard immunotherapy. A 27-year-old woman who presented with active LN along with moderate renal impairment was treated with of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and methylprednisolone. MMF was soon switched with low-dose intravenous (IV) cyclophosphamide (CYC) owing to the development of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and deterioration of renal function requiring hemodialysis. After two cycles of IV CYC, she developed CMV colitis and pneumonia. Although her serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations before receiving immunosuppressive treatment were normal, they were profoundly reduced at CMV disease onset and continued to maintain low level for 30 months. Severe hypogammaglobulinemia can occur during standard therapy for LN, especially in patients with impaired renal function, pointing out the importance of close mon-itoring of Ig levels and CMV infection. (J Rheum Dis 2019;26:273-277)


A glass shield member may extend to the edge of the electronic device while keeping the smoothness and the optical thickness of the cover glass needs. There may be a first sheet of the desired thickness and smoothness of the hotkey to the machined bonded to a second sheet of glass comprises receiving by the edge of the opening of the electronic device. The three-dimensional guard forming element produced significantly stronger than a single glass sheet integrally molded frame, and a larger surface area of the edge provides for improved pressure distribution, in particular after the chemical strengthening, thereby improving the electron the durability of the device. Furthermore, the thermal bonding process than using a lower temperature process such as a bending or compression (which may potentially affect the smoothness and optical clarity of the original glass sheet) is.


Although the existing image inpainting methods can generate seemingly reasonable contents. However, these methods may produce image artifacts. This is because the image details are lost in the coding process, and the relationship between distant pixels cannot be modeled. To solve these problems, we propose a multi-scale context network (MSCN), which attempts to extract different levels of feature information and fuse them to reconstruct a complete image. MSCN uses encoder-decoder structure and consists of cascaded residual blocks. Then, we designed a multi-scale dilated convolution (MSDC) module to obtain richer contextual features by increasing the receptive field. Finally, the encoder features are fused into the decoder by the improved attention (IA) module. A large number of experiments on CelebA-HQ, FFHQ, and PairStreet datasets show that this method can effectively generate realistic and visually credible results.


Herein, we report the potential of polar bi-gyrotropic single-negative magnetic metamaterials (that their ε and μ are in the form of non-diagonal tensors) to act simultaneously as reflector and magnetic rotator layer. In other word, we report the development of the single-negative metamaterials at a prominent location in magneto-optics. To understand the optical and magneto-optical properties of polar bi-gyrotropic single-negative layers, we have firstly introduced a transfer matrix method (TMM) based-approach and then we have numerically studied the propagation of electromagnetic wave through such medium. The study of the electromagnetic wave propagation through the polar bi-gyrotropic single-negative material may help to study the unusual behavior of the MO periodic structures (such as magnetophotonic crystals) containing them. The study exposes that such polar bi-gyrotropic single-negative layers can be used to make controlled and to enhance the optical and MO properties of optical.


SUMMARY

Twenty-seven protein coding loci were examined by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis in samples of larvae from four populations of the stalk borer Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Natal, South Africa. The populations were collected in two localities approximately 250 km apart. In each locality a sample was obtained from sugarcane and also from the locally most abundant indigenous host plant of this insect (Cyperuspapyrus L. in one locality and C. dives Delile - synonomous with C. immensus CB CI. - in the other).

More than one allele was detected at eight of the loci in all four populations and at a further locus in three of the populations; the other 18 loci were monomorphic for the same allele in all populations. Average expected heterozygosity over the 27 loci was approximately 0.12 in all populations. Genetic distances among the populations were small, but were greater between the two populations from the indigenous hosts and the two from sugarcane than within either of these pairs of populations. Possible explanations of these results are discussed.


Eating disorders are often thought of as a means of gaining control over life situations or underlying issues that have caused one to feel so physically or psychologically out of control, helpless and at a loss. The entire COVID-19 pandemic embodies uncertainty and a loss of control like no other thing we have faced in the recent past – put this together with a pre-existing eating disorder, and it is clear why this is such a tricky time for our patients.


TV news delivery is unique and important. A better understanding of delivery, adequate preparation of the scripts and improved language delivery skills will greatly advance program quality and publicity results.


Many compounds,such as polysaccharides,coloring matters,phenolic compounds and other secondary metabolites,in the alpine-plants influence on the yield and quality of genomic DNA while it is extracted and that lead up to the failure of following molecular operation.This study developes an improved CTAB method to extract the genomic DNA in leaves(which are dried by silica gel)of Polygonum viviparum.By taking some measures,such as precipitation at room temperature,increasing the volume of alcohol to wash the precipitated DNA,the phenolic compounds,polysaccharides and coloring matters are removed effectively.The size of the obtained DNA is about 48 kb and the value of A_(260nm)/A_(280nm) isolated DNA is between 1.7~1.9.The result of RAPD indicates that the quantity and quality of DNA got by the improved CTAB method are all ideal.


Electricity constitutes the main input factor for miners of proof-of-work cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, so they gravitate towards countries with cheap energy. We analyze risks associated with this geographical centralization of mining by exploiting an exogenous shock to electricity supply in a relatively small region with heavy Bitcoin mining activity. We first document a drop of about 25% in the total computing power of the Bitcoin network during a blackout that lasts several days. Compared to a control group consisting of a proof-of-stake cryptocurrency, we find evidence of blockchain congestion as fees increase substantially while the number and value of transactions decrease. We also document an impact on exchange trading activity. Trading volume and especially exchange rate volatility increase while liquidity deteriorates during the blackout, even though returns are mostly unaffected. Additionally, market integration drops as price differences between exchanges increase considerably.


Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been gaining growing interest from a wide range of industries because of its lower cost and increased capability. In this paper, we study the performance of RFID localization in an indoor environment. In particular, we investigate the k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) algorithm in different indoor radio propagation environments and different deployment scenarios and settings. By modelling these various indoor features, the k-NN algorithm is tested and observed to be robust in terms of the estimation errors in various indoor localization scenarios. On the other hand, this study reveals that its performance can be improved by tuning certain parameters, e.g. the k value and different weighting methods adaptively for different locations.


Agricultural applications of El Nino forecasts are already underway in some countries and need to be evaluated or re-evaluated. For example, in Peru, El Nino forecasts have been incorporated into national planning for the agricultural sector, and areas planted with rice and cotton (cotton being the more drought-tolerant crop) are adjusted accordingly. How well are this and other such programs working? Such evaluations will contribute to the governmental and intergovernmental institutions, including the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research and the US National Ocean and Atmospheric Agency that are fostering programs to aid the effective use of forecasts. As El Nino climate forecasting grows out of the research mode into operational mode, the research focus shifts to include the design of appropriate modes of utilization. Awareness of and sensitivity to the costs of prediction errors also grow. For example, one major forecasting model failed to predict the very large El Nino event of 1997, when Pacific sea-surface temperatures were the highest on record. Although simple correlations between El Nino events and crop yields may be suggestive, more sophisticated work is needed to understand the subtleties of the interplay among the global climate system, regional climate patterns, and local agricultural systems. Honesty about the limitations of an forecast is essential, especially when human livelihoods are at stake. An end-to-end analysis links tools and expertise from the full sequence of ENSO cause-and-effect processes. Representatives from many disciplines are needed to achieve insights, e.g, oceanographers and atmospheric scientists who predict El Nino events, climatologists who drive global climate models with sea-surface temperature predictions, agronomists who translate regional climate connections in to crop yield forecasts, and economists who analyze market adjustments to the vagaries of climate and determine the value of climate forecasts. Methods include historical studies to understand past patterns and to test hindcasts of the prediction tools, crop modeling, spatial analysis and remote sensing. This research involves expanding, deepening, and applying the understanding of physical climate to the fields of agronomy and social science; and the reciprocal understanding of crop growth and farm economics to climatology. Delivery of a regional climate forecast with no information about how the climate forecast was derived limits its effectiveness. Explanation of a region's major climate driving forces helps to place a seasonal forecast in context. Then, a useful approach is to show historical responses to previous El Nino events, and projections, with uncertainty intervals, of crop response from dynamic process crop growth models. Regional ID forecasts should be updated with real-time weather conditions. Since every El Nino event is different, it is important to track, report and advise on each new event as it unfolds. The stability of human enterprises depends on understanding both the potentialities and the limits of predictability. Farmers rely on past experience to anticipate and respond to fluctuations in the biophysical systems on which their livelihoods depend. Now scientists are improving their ability to predict some major elements of climate variability. The improvements in the reliability of El Nino forecasts are encouraging, but seasonal forecasts for agriculture are not, and will probably never be completely infallible, due to the chaotic nature of the climate system. Uncertainties proliferate as we extend beyond Pacific sea-surface temperatures to climate teleconnections and agricultural outcomes. The goal of this research is to shed as a clear light as possible on these inherent uncertainties and thus to contribute to the development of appropriate responses to El Nino and other seasonal forecasts for a range of stakeholders, which, ultimately, includes food consumers everywhere.


Introduction Mixed oxide-ionic and electronic conducting ceramics (MIECs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their applications such as oxygen separation membranes, oxygen sensors and cathodes of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) for the needs of green socieities. For the cell performance, novel MIECs with high ionic and electrical conductivities are required. The lanthanum barium cobaltite, La0.4Ba0.6CoO3-δ, has been reported with the smallest overpotential in La1-xBaxCoO3-δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) and high electrical conductivity at high temperatures [1]. The purpose of this work is to investigate the crystal structure and electron density distribution of La0.4Ba0.6CoO3-δ.


The subtraction game is a well-known problem in the field of game theory, which is often called a one-heap Nim game. There are two players, a heap of tokens, and a strategy matrix, in this game. It is called a restricted subtraction game if some constraints are imposed on the strategy matrix. The subtraction game could be solved by a classical algorithm with a query complexity no less than O(N 2) and computed by an O ( N 3 2 l o g N ) quantum query algorithm with an error probability ϵ ≤ 1 N . The restricted subtraction game proposed by Huang et al. can be computed by an exact quantum algorithm with O ( N 3 2 ) queries. They also proved that the classical exact query complexity is Θ(N 2). In this study, we use an array and an adjacency list to replace the strategy matrix and propose another more general subtraction game than the one introduced by Huang et al. Based on dynamic programming and the replaced game strategy, two linear classical query algorithms are designed to solve the restricted subtraction game proposed by Huang and this study, respectively.


Nearly 4 years ago, two teams of observational astronomers reported that high‐redshift Type Ia supernovae are fainter than expected in a decelerating or freely coasting universe. The radical conclusion that the universe has been accelerating in the past few billion years, possibly because of a nonzero value for Einstein's cosmological constant, has gripped the worlds of astronomy and physics, causing a flurry of new research. Having participated on both teams (but much more closely with one than the other), here I provide a personal, historical account of the story.


Object tracking is a popular topic in the field of computer vision. The detailed spatial information provided by a very high resolution remote sensing sensor makes it possible to track targets of interest in satellite videos. In recent years, correlation filters have yielded promising results. However, in terms of dealing with object tracking in satellite videos, the kernel correlation filter (KCF) tracker achieves poor results due to the fact that the size of each target is too small compared with the entire image, and the target and the background are very similar. Therefore, in this letter, we propose a new object tracking method for satellite videos by fusing the KCF tracker and a three-frame-difference algorithm. A specific strategy is proposed herein for taking advantage of the KCF tracker and the three-frame-difference algorithm to build a strong tracker. We evaluate the proposed method in three satellite videos and show its superiority to other state-of-the-art tracking methods.


Early Tertiary alkaline volcanic rocks in Ge'gyai, T ib et consist of Si-rich and K-richalkaline lava and pyroclastic rocks characterize d by enrichment in LREE and slight depletion in Eu.They overplay upon the Langsh an Formation and were formed in an intraplate environment.


The authors present a model of large-scale economic reforms, modeled on the transition process in Eastern Europe, with aggregate and individual uncertainty concerning the outcome of reforms. The government is assumed to choose the speed and sequencing of reforms. The authors compare big-bang strategies with gradualist reform packages. They show that gradualist reform packages may be easier to get started, optimal sequencing of reforms should aim at creating constituencies for further reforms, and gradualism may generate a higher investment response because of a lower option value of waiting than would a big-bang approach. Copyright 1995 by American Economic Association.


A study examined college students' academic delay of gratification, that is, their preference for an immediately available option (go to a concert the day before a test) or a delayed alternative (stay home studying for a test) . Differential explanations of academic delay of gratification between task, performance approach, and performance-avoid goal-oriented college students (n=102) also were examined, as well as their motivational tendencies and use of volitional strategies. Results showed that differences between task, performance-approach, and performance-avoid goal-oriented college students are highly related to their different motivational tendencies and use of volitional strategies. Goal orientation of mastery and understanding academic tasks is related to students' preference for activities that would facilitate attainment of long-term academic goals. Likewise, competing for grade is related to greater preference for delay of gratification to secure long-term academic achievement. In contrast, having a performance-avoid goal orientation is associated with the high value of the delay alternatives but at the same time with little use of volitional strategies. Further, task engagement for the sake of mastering the task or for the sake of showing ability and skills is associated with thinking and considering long-term goals. In contrast, avoiding task engagement is associated with learners' short-term thinking that will preclude them from delaying gratification, which in turn is necessary for long-term academic success. Contains 90 references, two tables of data, and one figure; appendixes contain sample scales. (Author/BT) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Sustaining Motivation and Academic Goals: The Invaluable Role of Academic Delay of Gratification Héfer Bembenutty City University of New York U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND Office of Educational Research and Improvement DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION ro) BEEN GRANTED BY This docum CENTER (ERIC) ent has been reproduced as received from the person or organization Ce) idefer_15_embenui-bt originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to Cla improve reproduction quality. TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES Points of view or opinions stated in this INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) document do not necessarily represent © 1 official OERI position or policy. Cl.) Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational © Research Association. April, 1999, Montreal, Canada. 0 Héfer Bembenutty Graduate School and University Center C4 The City University of New York Educational Psychology Program 120 West 44th Street # 1218 New York, NY 10036 e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The important thought of the "Three Represents" put forward by Jiang Zemin is the crystallization of the Party's collective wisdom.In this important thought ,Comrade Jiang Zemin,viewing the world with broad vision, acquires a deep understanding of the historical orientation in building socialism with Chinese characteristics and the background of globalization.Specifically,Comrade Jiang Zemin sizes up today's international situation in a scientific way :holding high the banner of peace and development,maintaining the diversity of the world,boosting world multipolarization,etc.This will help us to seize the opportunity,promote development and safeguard our State security in the great cause of building a well-off cociety in an all-round way.


We consider the problem of electromagnetic diffraction from a cylinder with impedance surface and half-buried between two dielectric media. An arbitrary located electric dipole provides the excitation. The harmonic solution is presented as a series sum over a spectrum of a discrete-index Hankel transform, and the spectral amplitudes are determined by solving an infinite linear system of equations, which is constructed by applying the orthogonality relation of the 1D Green's function.


For developing countries and emerging economies, low inflation rate is essential to successful capital account convertibility. This paper analyses the theory of inflation targeting regime under capital account convertibility, and argues that with the openness of RMB, China should carry out inflation targeting regime while the choice of exchange rate regime should be inclined to flexible regime.


The utilization of agricultural waste organic materials through composting technology has gained significant traction in agricultural production as an effective means of crop nutrient management. However, the differences in the impact of organic amendments prepared by traditional composting and vermicomposting on soil properties still deserve further research. Based on field experiments conducted in greenhouse, compared to chemical fertilizer treatments as control, we utilized traditional compost (OF) and vermicompost (VcF) derived from agricultural organic waste edible mushroom bran and cow manure (2:8). Variations in soil physiochemical properties, activities of soil enzymes related C and P cycling, abundances and diversities of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS gene at total DNA level were analyzed. Both compost treatments enhanced soil organic carbon, soil total phosphorus, and soil available P content significantly and also increased the activities of soil α‐glucosidase, β‐glucosidase, acid phosphomonoesterase, and alkaline phosphomonoesterase significantly. The above results suggested that soil C and P transformations were stimulated effectively by both organic amendments. OF and VcF increased the fungal ITS absolute abundances significantly while diversity indices of soil bacterial community increased significantly under both treatments. Correlation analysis indicated that bacterial community composition was strongly correlated with several soil property indexes while fungal community composition was only significantly correlated with soil total phosphorous content. In conclusion, similar to traditional compost, vermicompost significantly improved soil nutrient cycling (especially C and P aspects). In terms of soil microbes, bacteria and fungi showed different responding mechanism to vermicompost: bacteria adjust microbial structure, while fungi tend to proliferated. In consideration of the advantages of vermicompost in technology and economic cost, it could be applied in the subsequent agricultural production more frequently.


The paper discusses the main properties of bentonite clays being considered as a component of safety barriers for radioactive waste isolation in geological repositories. It focuses on experimental and analytical studies providing basic information needed to select the most suitable material for the experiments that are to be carried out in the underground research laboratory and for the construction of the geological repository. The paper summarizes the required full-scale and supporting laboratory experiments that are to be implemented in the underground research laboratory being constructed in the Nizhnekanskiy massif (Krasnoyarsk Region). The proposed experiments were based on the requirements and basic properties of bentonite being considered as the engineered barrier for radioactive waste disposal. As a result of laboratory and full-scale experiments the information required to assess the repository's evolution following its closure will be obtained.


This paper is a record of the structural details of nineteen species of Bats, and for purposes of comparison the author has appended a description of the muscles of the Plying Squirrel (Pteromys) and of the Flying Lemur (Galeopithecus). The species of Bats examined were the following. Pteropus edulis, medius, Edwardsii, minimus, Cephalotes Pallasii, Cynonycteris amplexicaudalis, Eleutherura marginata,-tophus ferrum-equinum, speoris, and diadema, Megaderma lyra, Artibeus jamaicensis, Vampyrops vittatus, Vespmurinus, Vesperugo pipistrellus, Synotus barbastellus, Plecotus, Noctulina altivolans, and Scotophilus hesperus.


The 5G technology to be released in 2020 has a distinct advantage from its predecessor. This difference also results in measurements of Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) which are very diverse because there is no specific standard on 5G technology. This paper gives a review of various approaches in the measurement process of QoS and QoE that grouped into objects, methods, and data acquisition. In addition, this paper provides suggestions on how to prioritize a measurement process related to the location and conditions where 5G technology will be implemented and taking the example of the cellular user condition in Indonesia.


Disasters evolving from hazards are a persistent and deadly occurrence in the United States. Despite this, hazard alerts have remained spatially vague, temporally imprecise, and lack actionable information. These deficiencies indicate a divide between the status quo and what is possible given modern environmental models, geographic information systems (GIS), and smartphone capabilities. This work describes an alternative, prototype system, "FloodHippo," which integrates operational model outputs, cloud‐based GIS, and expanded communication channels to provide personal and interactive disaster alerts for floods. The precepts and methods underpinning FloodHippo apply equally to other disasters that evolve over space and time, presenting the opportunity for a more intelligent disaster response system. The development of such a system would not only minimize current shortcomings in disaster alerts but also improve resilience through individual action, along with community, academic, and federal cooperation.


Aflatoxin, extensively existing in peanuts, corn, rice, soybeans, wheat and tea, is a type of mycotoxins with the highest toxicity and carcinogenicity and thus poses a serious threat to human health. In this article, upconversion nanoparticles modified with aptamers specific to aflatoxin B1 were used as fluorescence markers. By this way, we constructed a paper-based lateral flow assays detection technology for rapid detection of aflatoxin B1 with good linearity in the concentration range of 0.1–100 ng/mL and detection limit of 0.03 ng/mL. This method can realize quantitative detection of aflatoxin B1 in real tea sample with high sensitivity and specificity. Hence it is suitable for rapid on - site detection of aflatoxin B1 by utilizing this method, which shows good economic value and application prospects.


The paper introduces the basic theory and concept of CORS,along with the international and civil development status,analyses and compares its main theory in detail.It also provides the referenced theory and technology with national and local construction in CORS.


Tax fairness is the tax-related fairness in the process of tax revenue,including the sub-tax equity,tax-burden fairness,equitable taxation and so on.The goal of the government tax is to make all taxpayers bear the burden in accordance with their economic situations,and maintain a balanced level among all taxpayers.Tax fairness is one of the basic principles in the government's tax reform.Although the principle of fair taxation has been identified as an important tax law,it has some cimitations in realizing a fair distribution of income tax.Tax reform should emphasize the equity of tax rules,fair competition,so as to realize the maximization of social wealth,and then achieve social equity through the fiscal policies.


Describes the early life and studies of Christopher Columbus, his search for support of a voyage across the Atlantic, and his experiences in the New World.


In some scenes such as smart mobile terminal, low energy consumption and high efficiency are highly important in information security. So two-factor authentication scheme based on classical encryption algorithms are not suitable in some scenes. Negative database NDB), inspired by the artificial immune system, is significant with wide applications in information security and privacy protection for the high efficiency. Password authentication schemes based on NDBs can be used in mobile internet, sensor network and smart card because of the high efficiency of generating NDBs. This paper proposes a two-factor authentication scheme based on NDBs, the security of the scheme depends on the NP-Completeness of reversing an NDBto obtain the original database (DB). The efficiency of this proposed scheme is similar to the present one-time password authentication scheme based on NDBs. The efficiency and the security of this proposed scheme is analyzed as well.


An alternative approach to classic techniques for the generation of transgenic livestock is the use of viral vectors. Using lentiviral vectors (LV) we previously generated transgenic founder cattle with integrants carrying phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) promoter-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression cassettes (Hofmann et al. 2004 Biol. Reprod. 71, 405-409). The aim of this work was to investigate the transmission of LV-PGK-eGFP integrants through the female and male germ line of transgenic founder cattle in resulting embryos, fetuses, and offspring. The female founder animal was superovulated and artificially inseminated with a nontransgenic bull. Six of the 16 embryos obtained were transferred to synchronized recipient heifers, resulting in 2 pregnancies and birth of 1 healthy male transgenic calf, expressing eGFP as detected by in vivo imaging and real-time PCR. Cryopreserved semen of the founder bull and matured COC of nontransgenic cows were used for in vitro embryo production as previously described by Hiendleder et al. (2004 Biol. Reprod. 71, 217-223). The rates of cleavage and development to blastocysts in vitro corresponded to 52.3 ± 3.8% and 23.5 ± 4.6%, respectively. In vivo expression of eGFP was observed at blastocyst stage (Day 7 after IVF) and was seen in 93.8% (198/211) of all blastocysts. Twenty-four eGFP-positive embryos were transferred to 9 synchronized recipients. Analysis of 2 embryos flushed on Day 15, 2 fetuses recovered on Day 45, and a healthy male transgenic calf revealed consistent high-level expression of eGFP in all tissues investigated. These observations show for the first time transmission of lentiviral integrants through the germ line of female and male transgenic founder cattle. Although eGFP transgenic cattle have been produced before by nuclear transfer from transfected cells, lentiviral transgenesis has the advantage that only one copy of the provirus is integrated at a particular chromosomal integration site. High-fidelity expression of eGFP in embryos, fetuses, and offspring of founders provides an interesting tool for developmental studies in cattle, including interactions of gametes, embryos, and fetuses with their maternal environment.


The proton and the neutron magnetic moments have been calculated with a classical model consisting of spatially extended core charge and a meson cloud charge, both having spherical symmetry. (auth)


Summary Background  We found previously that the features of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) under polarized dermoscopy are characterized by a bluish‐reddish coloration, a scaly surface, small brown globules and, most distinctively, the multicoloured 'rainbow pattern'.


This paper describes state-of-the-art in the area delivering of
public services by civil subjects (or external supplier).
Tracked factors are competitive environment among suppliers,
measurability of outputs and haecceity of assets needed for
interlock. On the basis effected analysis these reality are
constructive definite findings, formalizeds pivotal questions
and possible to directions next research.


Crit Care Med 2016 • Volume 44 • Number 12 (Suppl.) concerns using APRV. Providers with more experience using APRV in the last 2 years had 2 times higher odds of reporting comfort using the mode (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.6–51.5, p=0.014). The majority of providers learned about APRV via bedside informal discussions. Only 23% have had formal teaching, while 68% said they could change their opinions after receiving formal didactic sessions. Conclusions: The majority of pediatric critical care providers have limited experience with and reported some uncertainty about APRV. The largest concerns with this mode pertain to terminology, initiation and titration. More experience with APRV is associated with increased comfort. Opinion of this mode and hence increased use may be possible through formal didactic education.


The invention provides an account money amount processing method based on an internet application platform. The method includes judging whether a user ID is corresponding to a zone bit indicating that the fixed follow-up input amount is set and searching and recording automatically an investment item matched with the preset configuration information corresponding to the user ID if the user ID is corresponding to said zone bit; detecting fund return events corresponding to the user ID, transferring the fund return money corresponding to the user ID to a collection account corresponding to the recorded investment item automatically if the fund return event is detected, and transferring the fund return money corresponding to the user ID to a deposit account corresponding to the user ID if no fund return event is detected. By adopting the method provided by the invention, automatic follow-up investment is realized efficiently. Besides, a large amount of money is not accumulated on the internet application platform, so that loss due to attack can be controlled. The invention also provides an account money amount processing system based on the internet application platform.


In this paper we present an architecture for nanowire layer in FPNI. The FPNI based on a FieldProgrammable Gate Array (FPGA) architecture has two structural part: a CMOS layer and a nano layer which realize routing using nanowires. In this paper we present an approach to build an FPNI chip which is similar to conventional FPGA. By applying genetic algorithm optimization tool, a delay optimized circuit is implemented in FPNI. The power dissipation in chips is compared to a conventional FPGA emphasizing the benefits of this new architecture.


One of the main problems underlying research programs in the field of general artificial intelligence is the problem of the insufficiency of particular approaches and mathematical models. The paper proposes the concept of creating a hybrid artificial intelligence system for solving practical problems of extracting the meaning of a text that implements the principles of the hermeneutical circle. The concept offers a syncretic-sequential combination of connectionist, symbolic approaches, as well as methods of cluster analysis. The concept is based on the idea of creating hybrid, primarily human-machine systems.


X H E HISTORY OFGEOGRAPHY TEACHING at Montana State Univer sity covers a much longer period of time than does the history of the Department of Earth Sciences where geography courses and curricula are now housed. The Department, like so many others across the United States, is a post-World War II creation, coinciding with the rapidly increasing enrollments in higher education first generated by returning veterans, and later sustained by the baby-boom generation. Although geology courses have been available annually since 1893, when the institution was founded, the first geography course was not offered until 1922, when the Department of Secretarial Science introduced a course entitled "commercial geography." It was not until 1947, however, that a professionally trained geographer/ geologist was employed at then-Montana State College, not only to teach the existing courses in the two disciplines, but also to establish an academic department. Thus, the present Department of Earth Sciences was created in 1947 as a Department of Geography and


We study the local commutation relation between the Lefschetz operator and the exterior differential on an almost complex manifold with a compatible metric. The identity that we obtain generalizes the backbone of the local Kähler identities to the setting of almost Hermitian manifolds, allowing for new global results for such manifolds.


The market niche occupied by flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs) lies between 50 kg small bags and containers, and appears to still be growing. FIBCs can technically be divided into two types: circular woven, single lift point bags, and flat woven, box-shaped four-loop designs. This article explores the latest developments in the design, manufacture, testing, use and stowage of FIBCs, and looks forward to still further applications.


Karst mountain areas in Southwest China are one of the universally acknowledged and ecological fragile areas besides arid areas in Northwest China.It is critical to coordinating the relationship between urbanization and sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources for sustainable and harmonious development in different regions of China.Based on a comprehensive review on the literature,it was found that there had rare studies examining the relationship between urbanization and cultivated land resources over karst mountain areas.Due to differences in study periods,sites and methodologies adopted,there were not consistent results.This not only led to inconsistent theories and results on the relationship between urbanization and cultivated land resources over karst regions,but also inhibited formulation of urbanization strategy and implementing policies in regard to cultivated land resources protection by the local governments. In order to reveal the correlation between urbanization and cultivated land resources,the author performed a study on Hechi,the widest karst area in Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region by making use of the panel data during the period 1997 to 2006,analyzed the characteristics of urbanization and cultivated land resources in karst regions and explored the interaction and the potential long-term equilibrium between urbanization and cultivated land resources based on econometric methods such as panel data regression,unit-root test and cointegration analysis.Results showed that first,the urbanization in Hechi developed slowly and is still at a low level.Second,the amount of cultivated land resources decreased rapidly.Third,the efficiency of cultivated land resources and per capita cultivated land resources was quite low,with showing vulnerable cultivated land carrying capacity.Forth,a negative correlation and a long run equilibrium existed in the interaction between urbanization and cultivated land resources in Hechi. As poverty,minor nationalities and environment frangibility widely exist in karst mountain areas, they are expected to experience industrialization and urbanization to eliminate poverty.It is suggested that people properly handle the relationship between urbanization and cultivated land resources during the entire process of development.Some suggestions are given as follows for mitigating the increasing contradiction between people and land resources like strengthening protection of cultivated land resources,efficiently and intensively utilizing land resources, establishing a monitoring and warning mechanism for local cultivated land resources,speeding up the process of land consolidation to maintain equilibrium for cultivated land resources,increasing scientific and technological input to cultivated land resources and improving farming methods as well as cultivated land utilization benefits.


It is a common conception that the church is among the most segregated of American institutions, yet there is little research to identify the extent of racial-ethnic homogeneity or to explain what factors propel diversity within religious communities. Research that does exist draws primarily on individual level data and treats diversity as a categorical variable. This paper introduces a continuous measure of racial-ethnic diversity. It also brings attention to contextual features (region and location size) and organizational features (faith group, church structure, and socioeconomic characteristics) of local religious communities in order to understand the importance of proximity and similarity in promoting racial-ethnic integration. The analysis employs the 1993 American Congregation Giving Study, a sample of 625 congregations and parishes from five Christian traditions. Findings suggest that religious communities are not wholly monochromatic. Patterns of diversity differ by faith group, region, and location size. A discussion of implications concludes the paper


Introduction Current management of surgical shock encompasses a number of therapeutic modalities, most of which are based on the "volume replacement" concept. In Part 1 of this report, the rationale for the administration of low molecular weight dextran to patients experiencing major hemorrhage or episodes of shock was outlined. A controversy currently exists over the nature of the circulatory disturbances in shock. This has recently centered about the concept of "microcirculatory sphincter closure" on the one hand, and the influence of "viscosity alteration" on the other. Evidence, primarily based on laboratory animal data, has been presented to support each thesis; no definite conclusions have been reached from this data. Gelin2showed evidence in man that reduced capillary blood flow occurred in traumatic shock, due to increased viscosity of blood in the microcircuit. Further, improvement in this capillary flow was demonstrated following administration of a viscosity-lowering agent, namely, low viscosity,


Positive displacement compressor with shunt pulsation trap to reduce the ripple, noise and vibration hazards, variable conditions improve aerodynamic efficiency without the need for external pulsation dampers and variable internal volume ratio settings. Overall, positive displacement compressor with shunt pulsation trap before the exhaust port, the gas flow to be induced pulsating pulsation attenuation in the trap, so that when the exhaust port of the compressor, the gas flow has no pulsation. Displacement compressors shunt pulsation trap, comprising a cylinder, the inlet airflow, the air flow between the compression chamber and an exhaust port both. Further comprising a trap chamber pulsating compression chamber in parallel, within which a variety of setting the gas flow pulsation damping, energy recovery, or disposed gas pulsation, or gas pulsation isolation is provided. The cylinder housing with at least one exit port connected to the compression chamber and the pulsation trap chamber, at least one air inlet is fed back to the gas flow pulsation trap chamber exhaust port is connected to a volumetric compressor. This patent disclosure of relevant principles and methods to achieve optimal settings.


We describe the recent reoptimization of the detector array in the APEX‐SZ receiver, which is currently operating at the APEX telescope in Chile. APEX‐SZ is designed to image the Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect (SZE). Observations are made in a single spectral band centered on 150 GHz, which is where the decrement of the SZE peaks. The APEX‐SZ transition‐edge sensor bolometers are micro‐fabricated in six 55‐element sub arrays, which combine to form the full 330‐element focal plane operating at 280 mK. We report on the newest generation of sub‐arrays that use a λ/4 silicon‐filled backshort. Compared to the first generation array which used a 3λ/4 backshort, the new arrays have a broader bandwidth and an increased optical efficiency. We present spectral bandpass and efficiency measurements and compare these to electromagnetic simulations of the bolometer absorption. The overall improvement in optical coupling reduces the noise equivalent temperature (NET) of each bolometer by a factor of approximately 1.5. Severa...


Properties of a protophobic polar non-HBD solvent can be strongly modified by introduction of a small amount of a protophilic polar non-HBD solvent. In this paper, acetone (AC) with 5 mol% additive of DMSO, a solvent with , was considered as a media for acid–base reactions. Conductance was used for determination of dissociation constants of a set of salts, hydrogen chloride, and picric acid. The last-named was also studied by UV-vis spectroscopy. The introduction of 5 mol% of DMSO results in suppressing, to some extent, the homoconjugation processes in AC media as well as of proton hydration by (possible) traces of water. The dissociation of salicylic acid and 2,4-dinitrophenol was examined utilizing quinhydrone electrodes in a cell with liquid junction. The pKa values of buffer acids and values of buffer solutions were calculated by taking into account the incomplete dissociation of salts. The response of the glass electrode appeared to be satisfactory, which allowed the estimation of the pKa value of benzoic acid. The apparent ionization constants of 22 acid–base indicators in buffer mixtures and perchloric acid solutions were determined in (AC + 5 mol% DMSO) using the spectrophotometric procedure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Rice blast is one of the most serious diseases of cultivated rice. We characterize here the nucleotide variation present at nine blast resistance (R) genes within a collection of 13 indica and 13 japonica rice cultivars, along with 12 accessions of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon). Compared with other functional genes, high genetic diversity has been observed in blast R genes (mean nucleotide diversity of 3.2%), which might be the most important characteristics of blast R genes. Even if the overall diversity in R genes is high, the genes can also be divided into three types according to different degrees of conservation by principal component analysis: relative conservation (Pita, Pit, Pi5-1, and Pid-2), intermediate diversity (Pi37, Pib, and Pi9), and high diversity (Pi36 and Pikm-2), suggesting that these types of R genes might recognize different categories of molecules released by rice blast pathogens. Our data also revealed that a significant regression was observed between the wild and the cultivated accessions with respect to their θa, providing an indication that artificial selection has played an important role during the evolution of these R genes. High correlation between nucleotide diversity and Ka/Ks or RM in NBS-encoding genes might be the clues for possible mechanisms of rapid evolution in these genes.


Cod switching and code mixing here refer to the use of two languages, English and Indonesian in the context of teaching and learning. It is a case study conducted in SMA Kususma Bangsa Palembang, in which the teachers of English, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, and Biology there have to use English as a medium of instruction as one of the requirements as RSBI (Rintisan Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional - School with International Standard). This study tries to find out (1) what are the factors that make the English, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, and Biology teachers use code switching and code mixing in the process of teaching and learning, and (2) what are the students' perception towards code switching and code mixing used by those teachers. The subjects - the teachers and students who were dealing directly with the use of code switching and code mixing in the process of teaching and learning - were observed, interviewed, and given a set of questionnaire. This study yields two important results. First, the teachers use code switching and/or code mixing in order to maintain their teaching and learning process to run smoothly. The main factor why teachers code switch and/or code mix is that they want to have a better communication with their students so that the students can understand their teaching better. Second, students had positive perception on their teachers' use of code switching and code mixing during the teaching and learning process.

Keywords: teachers, code switching, code mixing, medium of instruction, RSBI


In order to give a deep impression on consumers,it is necessary to have similarity image in all product list in a enterprise. This initiate the concepts of exterior familization design of machine tools. Then give the flow chart of familization,analysis the elements of form,color,material,and decoration. After that draw features from a typical products,applied to the all range of products and make appropriate adjustments. Then return the amended results to the typical products,after validation,apply the final result to all range of products,finally elicit familization image. When in practical enterprise design,this method achieved expected results.


The future of microelectronics will be determined largely by the success of the semiconductor industry in continuing to exploit the "productivity engine". The cycle of this engine is: 1) exponential trends in technology and productivity improvement, which enable 2) expanding markets and revenues, which enable 3) larger research and development (R&D) and manufacturing investments, which, in turn, enable 1). This paradigm has served us well for almost four decades, and the semiconductor industry is probably unique in maintaining such a steep performance/price improvement trend for its products over such a relatively long period. Agriculture has shown improvement over a longer period (thousands of years) but at a much slower pace. Other industries have enjoyed occasional step-function advances, but not on a regular basis spanning several decades. Of course, there is a diversity of opinion about how much longer the fundamental trends (e.g., "Moore's law") can persist. In this paper, we will discuss some of the challenges and opportunities associated with the extension of these trends and indulge in some speculation about potential future scenarios in microelectronics business and technology.


Abstract
For any set A of n points in ℝ2,
we define a (3n - 3)-dimensional
simple polyhedron whose face poset is isomorphic to the poset of
"non-crossing marked graphs" with vertex set A,
where a marked graph is defined as a geometric graph together with a
subset of its vertices.
The poset of non-crossing graphs on A appears as the complement of
the star of a face in that polyhedron.
The polyhedron has a unique maximal bounded face, of dimension
2ni + n - 3 where ni is the number of points of A in the interior of
conv (A). The vertices of this polytope are all the
pseudo-triangulations of A, and the edges are flips of two types:
the traditional diagonal flips (in pseudo-triangulations) and the removal or
insertion of a single edge. As a by-product of our construction we prove that all pseudo-triangulations are
infinitesimally rigid graphs.


Summary Two cases of recurrent schizophrenia were investigated with a view to determining the relationship of adrenocortical activity to changes in nitrogen metabolism. Evidence is presented of a dissociation between different adrenocortical steroids, the various stages of an attack being associated with a relative preponderance of different steroid fractions, viz. Preceding and during the early stages of an attack, a preponderance of electrolyte-controlling factor. At the height of an attack, a preponderance of androgenic substances. During recovery and remissions, a preponderance of "sugar active" cortins. Two types of electroencephalographic abnormality are described, and these are related to different types of adrenocortical activity. The significance of the findings is discussed.


The perimenopausal period is the time of important changes in endocrine function often accompanied by somatic and psychoemotional disturbances which sometimes can negatively influence on the quality of life (QL) of woman. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of arterial hypertension (AH) on the QL of perimenopausal women. 47 hypertensive non diabetic women without hormone replacement and hypotensive therapy were compared with 50 normotensive women. Subjects were matched by age (± 5 years; range, 45 to 55), safety and regularity of their menstrual function. Thus our investigation reveals serious mental problems significantly influencing on the QL in hypertensive perimenopausal women and requiring appropriate correction. Keywords-, arterial hypertension, quality of life, perimenopause.


LTCC substrates for fine pitch (1.0 mm and 0.8 mm) CSP applications have been designed, fabricated, and assembled. The assembly process, including ball grid array (BGA) solder ball attach, die mount, wire bond, and glob top is described. The material and physical design interaction issues that emerged during development are discussed. The initial CSP design was conventional, with co-fired yellow gold (Au) vias and capture pads and post-fired solderable gold (PtPdAu) pads for solder ball attachment. Because LTCC tape shrinks during co-fire, solder pads were applied post co-fire to ensure proper mating with existing test fixtures and to provide the best alignment relative to the CSP body. Solder pad to capture pad misalignment was visible following solder pad firing. After CSP attachment to a test board, electrical tests revealed opens. Investigation led to the following conclusions. The decreased solder pad diameter necessary to accommodate the fine pitch design was significant relative to the area allocated for the underlying via and capture pad. Misalignment that would have been hidden under larger solder pads was exposed. Even when the capture pad surface was not visibly exposed, the offset solder pad meant less material between the capture pad and the solder ball, less of a barrier to solder leaching. Solder leaching into the yellow gold, observed after CSP removal from the test board, was the cause of the electrical disconnects. In the second design, the capture pad was eliminated in order to discourage leaching by reducing the volume of yellow gold available to alloy with the solder pad during co-fire. Reflow operations still resulted in leached solder pads. A third design replaced the first-layer via yellow gold with a solderable gold. This design proved to be robust. While developing designs and fabricating these prototypes, it was noted that all ball failures consistently occurred between the solder pad and the LTCC substrate. To investigate adhesion using different metallizations, shear tests were performed on LTCC substrates with either post-fired solder pads or co-fired pads. To investigate how the substrate material affects adhesion, alumina CSPs were also sheared. Shear test results are presented.


The limit pricing theory is a famous one on entry deterrence. A single established firm or a coordinated cartel competes against a single potential entrant. The limit pricing theory assumes that the established firm can continue to produce at its pre-entry output level regardless of the potential entrant's actions. However, the theory is flawed because this assumption is unrealistic and only an empty threat. That is, it is possible to judge the success of the established firm's strategic behaviour only if the decisions that the established firm made prior to entry cause changes in the post-entry competing environment. It is well known that the theory becomes a credible threat with the introduction of a commitment to capacity. Therefore, this note shows clearly that a commitment to capacity compensates for the defects in the theory with the precise figure.


The replotting system is the process of replotting an area for land readjustment work. The feedback of the system is managed between the proportionate method of replotting design and estate estimate. But it is suggested that there is a feedback connection between the control element and the system's attributes.The optimization of the replotting system is acquired by the control element.


The interactions between metal ions and DNA have been studied by the resonance light scattering (RLS) spectra. In the acidic condition, the RLS signals of metal ions, especially the transition metal ions in group ⅠB and ⅡB, were increased by DNA. And it is found that the enhancement of RLS signals is linear to the concentration of DNA, so the RLS method for DNA determination was proposed in the presence of Cu2+. On the optimum conditions, the linear range and the detect limit of ctDNA is 4×10-8-4×10-6 g·5mL-1 and 1.13×10-8 g·5mL-1, respectively. The proposed method is successfully applied to determine the extracted plasmid DNA of Bacillus subtilis DB104.


A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding healthy lifestyles among adults in Kerala state. The objectives of the study were: a) to assess the knowledge regarding healthy lifestyles among adults b) to find out the association between knowledge regarding healthy lifestyles among adults and selected demographic variables such as age, gender, education, occupation, type of food, non communicable disease, exercise, height, weight. A quantitative approach was used in the study. Convenience sampling technique was used. The sample consisted of 100 adults who were in the age group of 18-60 years. Structured questionnaire was given which consists of knowledge regarding healthy lifestyles among adults. The tool was found to be reliable. The study result shows that4% sample had poor knowledge on healthy lifestyle, 23% had average knowledge and 73% had good knowledge regarding healthy lifestyles among adults in Kerala state and there is significant association between knowledge and demographic variables such as age, non-communicable disease and height at 0.05 level of significance.Based on the findings the investigators have drawn implication which were of vital concerns in the field of nursing practice, nursing administration and nursing education for future development.


This paper is inclined to present a simple but effective 2D mathematical model to simulate the interactive regularities of fresh-saline water interface and natural groundwater surface in coastal aquifer.The above said model has been established on the basis of careful observation and investigation of the hydrologic and geologic characteristics of coastal aquifer and impervious layers and the features of seepage flow of fresh water and salt water in coastal aquifer.The model has also passed corresponding validity verification by comparing experimental data concerned.What is more important,the paper has carefully studied the interactive regularities of the interface change of the two kinds of water with the tidal fluctuation.That is to say,on the one hand,natural groundwater surface can be found similar to that of fresh-saline groundwater with the wave surge and the wave receding,with their fluctuation decrease with the increase of the distance from sea coast and increase with tiding surge.Moreover,the impact sphere of the tidal fluctuation on the natural groundwater surface can be much bigger than that on fresh-saline groundwater interface.On the other hand,the vibration impact of natural groundwater surface and fresh-saline groundwater interface on the oceans waters and the phase difference between them is closely related to the hydraulic gradient of natural groundwater surface,permeability coefficient and the active porosity of aquifer,shape and changing extent of impervious layer.But the phase difference is independent of tidal fluctuation amplitude in proportion to that of the tidal fluctuation.In addition,if the impervious layer shape is known,no matter what changes take place with the hydraulic gradient of natural groundwater surface and the other factors,no change will take place with phase difference between natural groundwater surface and fresh-saline groundwater interface and the position of peak value,i.e.,the changing trend of the phase difference is determined by impervious layer shape.Furthermore,if there are great differences between groundwater surface and fresh-saline groundwater interface in phase and vibration amplitude,it can be concluded that there would be uneven impervious layer under the aquifer.The greater this difference,the higher the convexo-concave degree of the impervious layer would be.


Group activities have become more common in second language instruction. For example, a few years ago I collaborated on a study comparing ESL coursebooks from the 1960s with those from the 1990s (Jacobs, Crookall, & Thiyaragarajali, 1997). My colleagues and I found many more group activities in the latter books. Key support for the increase in group activities lies in interactionist views of second language acquisition (Long, 1996; Pica, 1996). For instance, Swain (1999) argues that while learners need to receive large quantities of comprehensible input in order to develop proficiency in a second language, learners also need to produce output, via speaking and writing, in order to advance to higher levels of proficiency.


Describes the various concepts of planning and its vital role in relation to Library and Information Science Management Environment (LISME). Suggests that planning steps are essential for efficient and effective function of Information Management. The need based computer applications in Library and Documentation/Information Services are suggested in order to improve the Library and Information Service activities in India


The article is devoted to an important period in the history of agricultural engineering education at Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy – the 120-year history of the Agricultural Machinery Department of the Institute of Mechanical and Power Engineering named after V.P. Goryachkin. The authors distinguish six stages of the Department's development – from its origin in the depths of the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy, the Department's establishment at the Moscow Agricultural Institute in 1901, and its development in the 20th-21st centuries. Particular attention focuses on the contribution of the founder and longterm head of the Department, academician V.P. Goryachkin – his developing agricultural mechanics and establishing an agricultural engineering school in our country.


Abstract 1. Saturated polypropylene ether urethanes can be cured with peroxide/ sulfur systems. Dicumyl peroxide was used as the free radical generator and sulfur as major co-curing agent. 2. Moduli and tensile strengths of cured compounds were proportional to the Mooney viscosities of the uncured gum rubbers when compared at equal cure time. 3. Aromatic polyglycidyl ethers, diisocyanates and polycarbodiimides show promise as heat and hydrolytic stabilizers for the cured elastomers. 4. Curves of tensile strength versus filler exhibit maxima for both HAF carbon black and fumed silica (Cab-O-Sil M-5). Silica gave higher tensile strength values than HAF carbon black.


A se ries of sam ples of the C45 (0.45 wt.% C) steel was pre pared by hot roll ing with dif fer ent thermomechanical his tory in an in dus trial-type roll ing stage (e.g. roll ing tem per a ture and speed, cool ing rate). The microstructure of re sult ing ma te rial was fer rit ic-pearl it ic with a pearlite vol ume frac tion rang ing from 57 to 90%; the mean inter lamellar spac ing in the pearlite var ied be tween 180 and 270 nm. An equally-spaced ar range ment of mis fit dis lo ca tions was found at the fer rite/cementite in ter faces. The microstrain they gen er ate was ob served in the X-ray dif frac tion by means of anisotropic line broad en ing; the den sity of the dis lo ca tions was proved to be pro por tional to the den sity of the lamellas. The dis lo ca tion den sity was found to cor re late with the ul ti mate ten sile strength (UTS) of the steel in the ten sile test as well as the den sity of the lamellas. Upon grad ual cold draw ing through con i cal dies, the dis lo ca tion den sity ob served in X-ray in creased up to about 50% of elon ga tion, the UTS was still well-fol low ing its de pend ence on the dis lo ca tion den sity, while the den sity of pearl it ic lamellas re mained in tact. The X-ray dif frac tion can thus be uti lised for an in stant and non-de struc tive es ti ma tion of UTS of hot-rolled fer rit ic-pearl it ic steels and cold-drawn steels with mod er ate grade of cold de for ma tion.


The effectiveness of openings and frangible elements to relief damage of structures subjected to fully or partially confined explosions is analyzed. The thesis is focused on two kinds of combustions, i.e., detonations and deflagrations. A detonation is commonly generated by the super-sonic combustion of high-condensed explosives; in contrast, a deflagration is a subsonic combustion that propagates through large volumes of flammable gases, which are previously dispersed inside the structure. Deflagrations and detonations are related to different chemical reaction rates that generate different dynamic loads on structures. An explosion caused by a High-Explosive detonation releases almost instantaneously its chemical energy (during a time scale of microseconds). A detonation propagates through the explosive according to a supersonic speed (e.g., 7400 m/s for TNT), which accelerates the pressure wave generating a shock wave, which propagates supersonically through the air (or another medium). Therefore, a shock wave is not modified by upstream boundary conditions. In contrast, the flame that is generated by the ignition of fuel/air mixtures propagates subsonically (deflagration) and needs to be propagated through a large volume before to generate its maximum effect (and/or to finish the combustion process). The deflagration of a large volume of flammable gases lasts several hundreds of milliseconds and do not generate a shock wave. Therefore, the pressure time-history caused by a deflagration depends strongly on the boundary conditions; therefore, ventilation is an effective way to mitigate the blast loading generated by deflagrations. The first part of this research is focused on the analysis of chambers with/without openings subjected to internal detonations of High-Explosives. It is found that intermediate small ventilation is ineffective to reduce damage of membrane chambers. That is, curved vessels, such as spherical or cylindrical chambers, respond so rapidly (because of their high natural frequencies) that the relief of the gas pressure provided by ventilation is not fast enough to reduce considerably its damage. It is concluded that the three pressure components (the first shock wave, the train of subsequent reflected shock waves and the gas pressure), which are generated by a fully or partially confined detonation of a high-explosive, produce significant effects on the chamber response (and damage). In particular, the train of secondary reflected shock waves can generate elastic/plastic resonance, which can increase ostensibly the peak response of membrane blast chambers. A Single Degree of Freedom (SDoF) approach and 3D Finite Element Analyzes (FEA) are employed to study the effectiveness of openings to reduce damage of spherical chambers subjected to internal detonations of High-Explosives. The accuracy and applicability of SDoF analysis are then discussed and compared with 3D Finite Element analyses. School of Civil and Resource Engineering Table of


Single-parent female-headed families are a large and growing proportion of all families and comprise a disproportionately large share of the poverty population. However, among these father-absent families, those who receive child support payments have higher incomes and lower poverty rates. Unfortunately, many eligible women have no child support awards and many with awards do not receive full payment. With low earnings in the labor market and difficulty finding inexpensive quality child care, many mothers have no choice but to rely on the welfare system. The incidence of poverty is far greater among single-parent families headed by women than among other types of families. Of the 8.8 million women with children present and father absent in 1985, 2.8 million had incomes below the poverty level.' The absence of child support is a significant contributory factor. The poverty rate in 1985 for women not having child support awards was 49 percent; for those who did, it was 21 percent. Among those women awarded child support, the poverty rate was 18 percent if they received payments and 27 percent if no payments were received. As these figures suggest, securing more child support from absent fathers should help to alleviate poverty among single-parent families and may help to reduce the welfare rolls. Recent interest in improving the nation's child support enforcement system was sparked by the 1980 Census Bureau's release of alarming statistics on nonpayment rates. These statistics showed that, in 1979, only 59 percent of mothers with children from absent fathers had child support awards. Among those with an award and due payment in 1978, only about half received full paymentapproximately one-quarter received partial payment, while one-quarter received no payment at all. Moreover, payments that were made were often irregular. The average amount of child support (conditional upon receiving support) was only $1800 for an average of nearly two children. The situation was considerably worse than average for black mothers and never-married mothers. Only about one-third of black mothers had child support awards and among those that did, the award amount was about 18 percent lower than for nonblacks (see our 1986 article). Only 11 percent of never-married mothers had awards. Award amounts were less than half as much as for divorced mothers.


Background: To manage incontinence following tumor surgery, prostate
 cancer patients are advised to perform pelvic-floor exercise (PFE). Patients' self-efficacy and
 support from partners were shown to facilitate PFE. Whereas support may enhance self-efficacy
 (enabling hypothesis), self-efficacy may cultivate support (cultivation hypothesis). Thus, in
 this longitudinal study cross-lagged inter-relationships among self-efficacy, support, and PFE
 are investigated. Methods: Post-surgery patient-reported received support, self-efficacy, PFE,
 and partner-reported provided support were assessed from 175 couples at 4 times. Autoregressive
 models tested interrelations among variables, either using patients' or partners' reports of
 support. Findings: Models using patients' data revealed positive associations between
 self-efficacy and changes in received support, which predicted increases in PFE. Using
 partners' accounts of support provided, these associations were replicated. Furthermore,
 partner-provided support was related with increases in patients' self-efficacy. Discussion:
 Patients' self-efficacy may cultivate partners' support provision for patients' PFE, whereas
 evidence of an enabling function of support as a predictor of self-efficacy was
 inconsistent.


Brazilian bioethanol is one of the most prominent biofuels produced on a large scale, representing 30% of the global fuel ethanol production share. Around 8.6 billion gallons were produced in 2019, second only to the US fuel ethanol production in the same period (15.8 billion gallons). Obtained from sugarcane in a highly energy‐efficient process, the biofuel, which can be used in Brazil as 100% ethanol (hydrated, minimum mass content of 92.5%) or in a volume proportion of 27% (anhydrous ethanol) in common gasoline, has contributed to the reduction of oil dependency and CO2 emissions, as well as to the development of an important economic sector. Pioneer biofuel policies and important advances in science and technology led to the establishment of a 46% renewable energy matrix. In this manuscript, an overview of the impacts of ethanol production and utilization will be given, with respect to environmental and socio‐economic concerns. The public policies and some technical aspects of sugarcane and ethanol production and energy cogeneration will be reviewed and discussed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd


Network managers need a utility network management system to help them to real-time control status of network performance monitoring network failures and optimize the network structure to maintain the stable operation of the network correctly. This paper examines the overall status of the field of network management combined with specific needs, design a network information system,the system based on SNMP protocol to access the network device MIB libraries.


Human papillomaviruses are the most frequent known cause of cervical cancer. They preferentially infect epithelial cells, and their life cycles are dependent upon the differentiation of infected cells. Cottontail Rabbit Papillomavirus (CRPV) has been a reliable animal model for papillomavirus study, and has provided germane insight into human papillomavirus biology. Despite the usefulness of CRPV in this regard, single-cell analysis of infected cell cultures has proven challenging due to the latent, non-lytic nature of the virus. The purpose of this study was to develop a highthroughput method for the single-cell detection and analysis of CRPVinfected cells. This method utilizes fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) followed by flow cytometric (FC) analysis. This report describes the initial characterization of an FISHFC protocol designed to detect the highly abundant 28S ribosomal RNA in RK-13 (rabbit) cells. Degree Type Open Access Senior Honors Thesis


ABSTRACT This study focused on communication between veterinary professionals and clients when pet owners are considering the euthanasia of a pet. Sixteen veterinarians and veterinary technicians participated in semi-structured interviews. The prevalent theme mentioned by participants about what they regarded as most important when discussing euthanasia was, to use a general term, caring. All participants stressed the importance of caring, voicing comments that reflected the need to convey sympathy, empathy, or co


2 Memory Thy-1 (cid:1) CD8 (cid:1) T cells specific for the influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP 366–374 ) peptide were sorted after staining with the D b NP 366 tetramer, labeled with CFSE, and transferred into normal Thy-1.2 (cid:1) recipients. The donor D b NP 366 (cid:1) T cells recovered 2 days later from the spleens of the Thy-1.2 (cid:1) hosts showed the CD62L low CD44 high CD69 low phenotype, characteristic of the population analyzed before transfer, and were present at frequencies equivalent to those detected previously in mice primed once by a single exposure to an influenza A virus. Analysis of CFSE-staining profiles established that resting tetramer (cid:1) T cells divided slowly over the next 30 days, while the numbers in the spleen decreased about 3-fold. Intranasal infection shortly after cell transfer with a noncross-reactive influenza B virus induced some of the donor D b NP 366 (cid:1) T cells to cycle, but there was no increase in the total number of transferred cells. By contrast, comparable challenge with an influenza A virus caused substantial clonal expansion, and loss of the CFSE label. Unexpectedly, the recruitment of naive Thy-1.2 (cid:1) CD8 (cid:1) D b NP 366 (cid:1) host D b NP 366 (cid:1) T cells following influenza A challenge was not obviously diminished by the presence of the memory Thy-1.1 (cid:1) CD8 (cid:1) D b NP 366 (cid:1) donor D b NP 366 (cid:1) set. Furthermore, the splenic response to an epitope (D b PA 224 ) derived from the influenza acid polymerase (PA 224–233 ) was significantly enhanced in the mice given the donor D b NP 366 (cid:1) memory population. These experiments indicate that an apparent recall response may be comprised of both naive and memory CD8 (cid:1) T cells. The 2001, 167: 2753–2758. espiratory challenge of naive C57BL/6J (B6) mice with the A/Hong Kongx31 (HKx31, 3 H3N2) influenza A virus to the clonal expansion of cells that two and three epitopes nucleoprotein acid


In this work, we describe an unsupervised framework for creating self-assist systems which can serve as virtual call center agents to guide the customer in performing different domain-dependent tasks (like troubleshooting a problem, changing settings etc.). We describe a framework for creating an intent graph from a corpus of knowledge articles from a given domain which is used in creating the dialogue system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in creating virtual self-assist agents.


The verification of thermal models for use in hyperthermia treatment planning is essential. The authors investigated the heat transfer between a single vessel and the surrounding vascularised tissue, comparing the conventional bioheat transfer theory and the recently developed keff model using analytical and numerical methods. A plastic tube inserted into the tissue of an isolated perfused organ served as an artificial vessel. This enabled the authors to vary the blood flow in the vessel and in the tissue independently. The organ used was a bovine kidney, turned into a perfused tissue phantom using an alcohol fixation technique. The temperature profile within the tissue was mapped with constantan-manganin thermocouple wire sensors with a total diameter of 50 mu m. The temperature profile relative to the temperature difference between the vessel and organ was measured; increased perfusion caused a reduction of the vessel wall temperature but did not affect the width of the profile.


Named Entity Recognition (NER) is the task in which proper nouns in a given document are discovered and then categorized into respective classes. The various classes of proper nouns may be name of location, name of person, Organization, River, Quantity, Time, Percentage etc. Today, there is a great need to perform NER in the Indian Languages, since not much work has been done in the field of Information retrieval in the Indian languages. In this paper, we have tried to explain NER, different approaches of NER and finally some results of NER in natural languages.


Growth and survival of eight populations of Larix sukaczewii Dylis and one of both Larix sibirica Ledeb. and Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr. were used to assess the effectiveness of climate transfer f...


Renewed interest in developing low-head hydro sites is evident in the growing number of applications received by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and the number of preliminary permit applications pending. A potential developer, however faces institutional and legal problems which are both numerous and complex. The difficulties facing the potential developer are traced from the initial application for a permit or a license, through the hearing and processing steps, and after issuance of the license, citing problems at each step. Environmental statutes with overlapping authorities and overzealous implementation practices will require either legislative changes or agency cooperation. Other factors causing delays are proof of economic and financial viability, insurance requirements, and state and local taxes. The reforms initiated to offset these obstacles are aimed at shortening and simplifying the permit and licensing process. (DCK)


The impact of different grazing intensity,including enclosure(EN),light grazing(LG),moderate grazing(MG),heavy grazing(HG),free grazing(FG),on soil moisture was studied by using paired T test method in Longbao on Tibetan Plateau.The results showed that the significant level of impact on soil was increased with the increasing of grazing intensity.The difference of soil moisture between EN and LG,EN and MG were not significant in all soil layers;with increasing of depth,differences between HG and LG,HG and MG were decreased;the impacts of FG and HG treatments were the most significant.The order of treatment impact from soil surface to 50 cm was LGGU,MGGU,HGFG,ENFG and ENHG,LGHG.The FG and HG enhanced evapotranspiration,reduced soil moisture,and accelerated the wetland degeneration.Proper grazing management was critical to reduce evapotranspiration and degeneration.


Dyson published in 1990 a proof due to Feynman of the Maxwell equations. This proof is based on the assumption of simple commutation relations between position and velocity. We first study a nonrelativistic particle using Feynman formalism. We show that Poincar\'{e}'s magnetic angular momentum and Dirac magnetic monopole are the direct consequences of the structure of the sO(3) Lie algebra in Feynman formalism. Then we show how to extend this formalism to the dual momentum space with the aim of introducing Noncommutative Quantum Mechanics which was recently the subject of a wide range of works from particle physics to condensed matter physics.