Finding a latent vector that can generate specific data using a generative model is called latent vector recovery. When performing gradient descent based latent recovery, the latent vector being recovered may escape the train latent vector distribution. To prevent this, latent regulation loss has been used in many papers. In this paper, I propose a Wasserstein latent regulation loss to improve the performance of latent recovery, assuming that the generative model is trained with IID (Independent and identically distributed) random variables. The proposed Wasserstein latent regulation loss is the Wasserstein distance between the sample distribution of the train probability distribution and the latent vector being recovered. This paper compares the latent regulation loss of several papers, including the proposed Wasserstein latent regulation loss. In conclusion, the Wasserstein regulation loss and the log normal density function proposed in [1] showed the best performance. 1. Latent regulation loss The generative model (generator) G is trained to convert the dz dimension multivariate random variable Z ∈ Rz that follows a specific distribution to the dx dimension data multivariable random variable X ∈ Rx. Finding a latent vector zp that can generate specific data xp sampled from X through gradient descent using a pre-trained generator G is called gradient descent based latent vector recovery. In this paper, only latent vector recovery using gradient descent is covered. The following function is a function that performs gradient descent based latent vector recovery. function latent_recovery(xp , G, n, opt): zp ← sampling(Z) repeat n times: L ← diff (xp, G(zp)) zp ← zp − opt ( ∆L ∆zp ) return zp sampling is sampling one value from a random variable. n is the number of times to perform gradient descent. opt is an optimizer. diff is a function that measures the difference between two data. In this paper, I propose a method of adding Wasserstein latent restriction loss to loss L to improve the performance of latent recovery when Z is an IID random variables that follows an specific probability distribution Az . When Z~Az , the set of each element of sampling(Z) can be called the onedimensional sample distribution ?̅? sampled dz times from probability distribution A. Similarly, each set of elements of zp is treated as a sample distribution, and the Wasserstein distance between the two sample distributions becomes a Wasserstein latent restriction loss. function latent_recovery(xp, G, n, opt): zp ← sampling(Z) repeat n times: Llr ← Wdist (zp, sampling(Z)) L ← diff (xp, G(zp)) + λlrLlr zp ← zp − opt ( ∆L ∆zp )


EXPOSURE of fruit flies to radium rays produces both lethal and visible mutations. With heavy treatment the lethals are so numerous as to lend themselves to exact quantitative analysis. Hanson and Heys2 showed that when flies were treated for six hours with 140 milligrams of radium the percentage of lethal mutations was S.2 per cent. And, further, that when the alpha and beta rays were completely absorbed by a lead filter the gamma rays alone produced 2.8 per cent. of lethals, although in this latter case it is highly probable, in the light of work reported below, that it was a secondary radiation of beta particles produced by the passage of the gamia rays through matter that was the effective agent in causing mutations. In unpublished work on visible mutations due to radium rays it has been found that the gene mutations are, in general, in the same direction and of the same nature as those occurring spontaneously in the fruit fly and also parallel exactly the results obtained by Muller3 with X-rays. Darwin-and most writers on evolution since-have emphasized the importance of discovering the cause or


Abstract The isolation, structural elucidation and biological activities of oligosporon (1), oligosporol A(2) and oligosporol B(3), three new antibiotics from cultures of the predacious deuteromycete, Arthrobotrys oligospora, are reported. The structures were elucidated by means of high resolution mass and high field NMR spectroscopy. The compounds exhibited weak antimicrobial, cytotoxic and hemolytic effects, but were not active towards the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Other Arthrobotrys species were also found to produce these or similar compounds.


This thesis aims at understanding the transformation in wealth and material culture of different social groups during the transition of the slave system in Minas Gerais. The Paraopeba valley constitutes the main scenery of this research based on 761 post mortem inventories. Further sources such as the 1831/32 nominative lists of habitants, the Provincial Census, Province Presidents' reports and contemporary newspapers have been addressed. A set of photographs of residencies, fazendas, storehouses and work tools (spinning wheels, looms and the oxcart) have also been considered. It should be highlighted that spinning and weaving played an essential role allowing the region to develop high dynamism in the period of slavery. Due to the significant presence of women in the textile handicraft industry the economy of the region presented a differential that distinguished the kind of production and market. However, other rhythms and nuances marked the end of the 19 century in Brazil, especially those found in the Paraopeba valley. The change in the labour system, the dispersion of wealth and the consequent change in material culture constitute the central issue of this thesis. Several questions related to the ownership of slaves, valorisation of land, subdivision of properties, dispersion of great fortunes after 1888, as well as the significant changes in the internal and external space of the residencies of the different social classes characterize the main issues addressed in this study. In order to analyze material culture, a series of categories have been considered, such as the values of use, exchange, ownership and selection. These attributes allow of perceiving the cultural representation of artefacts, social practice, symbology, as well as constancies and changes in behaviour patterns and life style in the Paraopeba valley. All the analyses with respect to the valley have been confronted with other regions, such as Minas Gerais' wood zone and the (former) provinces of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Goiás and Pernambuco. This comparative study has revealed singularities and similarities established in Brazil's and Minas Gerais' reality before and after Abolition.


For the purpose of introducing a high work-function layer to improve the implied voltage in asymmetric silicon-based heterojunction photovoltaic devices, molybdenum oxide (MoOx, 0 < x < 3) is applied to the device. However, besides the role of extracting holes on one side, another singularity behavior presented itself in the nonequilibrium state, i.e. a worsened photovoltaic peformance (an 'S-shape') of current density versus voltage (J–V) was revealed with an inappropriate chemical state of the MoOx film. The source of the 'S-shaped' behavior of an MoOx/a-Si: H(i)/n-Si heterojunction device was co-analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with depth profiling, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, current density-voltage representation, a minority carrier lifetime survey and automat for simulation of heterostructures software simulation. It was found that an amorphous SiOx interlayer was spontaneously formed during the deposition of MoOx film onto a-Si: H(i)/n-Si substrate, blocking the transport of holes. The decrease in the work-function of the MoOx layer is attributed to an oxidation reaction at the MoOx/a-Si: H(i) boundary zone, which results in the decline of hole selectivity. A rising O/Si ratio in the SiOx interlayer induces an augmentation of valence band offsets, which could be the best interpretation of the 'S-shaped' response, because of a barrier that hinders the thermionic emission of holes. Meanwhile, the thicker (>4 nm) SiOx layer leads to a lower tunneling probability for holes. The characteristic analysis of the MoOx/a-Si: H(i)/n-Si heterojunction device deepens the understanding of the hole transport mechanism of the device.


Massive MIMO has been recognized as promising ways to provide high speed data transmission. However, since the number of pilot symbol is proportionally depending on the number of transmit antenna, the total transmission rate of massive MIMO would be degraded. To solve this problem, channel estimation by virtual pilot signal (VPS) with a few pilot signals has been proposed. However, since the conventional method iteratively identifies the channel state information (CSI), the complexity is considerable work. Then again, time-frequency interferometry (TFI)-OFDM has been proposed. This method can achieve a good BER performance with a few pilot symbols. In this paper, we propose a novel channel compensation based on VPS and TFI for massive MIMO without increasing the system complexity. The proposed scheme has a low complexity, with improving BER performance to compared with the conventional method using linear interpolation and FFT/IFFT after specific operations. From the simulation results, the proposed scheme can improve BER performance to compared with the conventional method in 4 × 4 and 8 × 8MIMO systems.


In this study, it was aimed to examine the predictive role of helicopter parental attitudes perceived by university students from their mothers on their life satisfaction and psychological well-being. The study group of the consists of 240 university students, 166 of whom are women and 74 men. Helicopter Parent Attitude Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale and Psychological Well-being Scale were used as data collection tools in the study. Descriptive statistics of the collected data were calculated. In addition, Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between psychological well-being, life satisfaction and perceived helicopter mother attitude variables. On the other hand, simple linear regression analysis was used to examine the predictive role of perceived helicopter mother attitude on university students' life satisfaction and psychological well-being. According to the results of the regression analysis, it was seen that the helicopter parental attitudes that university students perceived from their mothers had a negative predictive effect on their life satisfaction and psychological well-being. In other words, this result indicates that as the helicopter parental attitudes perceived by university students from their mothers increase, their life satisfaction and psychological well-being levels will decrease. The findings obtained in the study were discussed with other research results in the literature, and various suggestions were presented for further research.


In recent years elliptic boundary value problems have been studied in great detail; see, for example, Agmon (1), Agmon, Douglis, and Nirenberg (2), Browder (4), Hormander (7), Schechter (10; 11; 12), Agranovich and Dynin (3). In all these cases the boundary problems considered were local or semilocal, i.e. the boundary operators involved are differential operators possibly having singular integral operators for coefficients (cf. (3)).


Two series of high birefringence fluoro terphenyl compounds are investigated. A binary mixture M1, instead of each individual compound, is found to have predictable properties when mixed with other host mixtures. Doping M1 to a low birefringence TFT mixture improves the figure of merit by 2–3X.


Senescence: Normal differentiated cells have only a finite capacity for cell division.'V2 This phenomenon has been termed the finite life span phenotype or cellular senescence. The significance of this intrinsic limit to cell proliferation is not yet clearly understood. There are at least two views, not mutually exclusive, regarding the significance of cellular senescence. One holds that senescence, at a cellular level, reflects processes that occur during organismal aging. Another view holds that a finite proliferative life span constitutes a tumor-suppressive mechanism. Support for both points of view was recently received from cellular and molecular biologists. Whatever the case, eventual senescence appears to be an essentially universal feature of differentiated eukaryotic cells in culture and, from a limited body of data that exists, in viva as well. The cellular, biochemical, and molecular biological aspects of cellular senescence were recently r ev ie~ed ."~ Fibroblasts: Human fibroblasts are perhaps the best characterized and most convenient cell system for studying the finite proliferative life span of cells in culture. Fibroblasts are differentiated cells of mesenchymal origin whose primary function is to provide the cellular and extracellular stroma for epithelial cell layers. During development and in response to injury, fibroblasts are important for remodeling the extracellular matrix and epithelium, and they produce a number of growth factors and cytokines that recruit and activate other cell types. Quiescence: In vivo and in culture, fibroblasts can exist in either of two reversible growth states. In the absence of an anchoring substratum or adequate levels or types of growth factors, fibroblasts enter a stable, nonproliferating growth state termed quiescence or GO. Inhibitory cytokines and certain cell-cell or cell-matrix contacts can also maintain fibroblasts in GO. In general, when quiescent fibroblasts are provided with an anchoring substratum and growth factors, the cells leave quiescence and enter a proliferating growth state. This transition is commonly referred to as the GO to G1 transition. Once cells have made this transition, they progress through the G1, S, G2, and M phases of the cell cycle. Depending on extracellular conditions, they may then progress through one or more additional cell cycles or return to GO. An important feature of senescent human fibroblasts is that they arrest growth with a G1 DNA content and cannot be stimulated to enter the S phase of the cell cycle by any known combination of physiological extracellular factors (reviewed in refs. 3-6). Thus, a fundamental difference between quiescence and senescence is the reversibility of growth arrest. In early passage cells, the transitions from quiescence to proliferation, and the reverse, can easily and synchronously be induced in culture by depriving fibroblasts of growth factors (commonly supplied as serum) for 48-72 hours and then stimulating them with fresh, serum-containing medium. For early passage human fetal lung or neonatal skin fibroblasts, it takes 1 6 2 0 hours for the average quiescent cell to


Objective
To express the domain Ⅲ of Dengue virus type 2 envelope glycoprotein in Escherichia coli. and establish an in-house diagnostic assay for IgM antibodies against dengue viruses.

Methods
The DNA fragment for domain Ⅲ of the envelope glycoprotein was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into vector pET-30a(+ ), so as to construct the expression plasmid pET30a-D2E-DⅢ.The recombinant plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli competent cells BL2l (DE3) and induced by IPTG. The expressed products were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.Purified by electroelution, the recombinant protein was attempted to establish an indirect ELISA assay for IgM antibody against Dengue viruses. in-house ELISA assay was assessed by conventional IFTA or Panbio Dengue IgM Capture ELISA.

Results
The 264 bp in length DNA fragment for domain Ⅲ was amplified and the expression plasmid pET30a-D2E-DⅢ was successfully constructed and expressed in E.coli BL2l(DE3). The indirect ELISA assay obtained a sensitivity of 93.75% and a specificity of 91.25% by comparing with IFTA. Furthermore, the in-house ELISA assay was consistent with results by using Panbio Dengue IgM Capture ELISA (χ2=0.214, P>0.05, Kappa=0.825).

Conclusions
The expression plasmid pET30a-D2E-DⅢ is stably expressed in E.coli BL2l (DE3) and the recombinant protein is suitalbe as a component antigen in serum diagnosis of dengue virus infection.

Key words:
Dengue virus; Domain Ⅲ; Recombinant protein; Gene expression


The stress-strain response of crystalline high density polyethylene and of amorphous polycarbonate has been determined in tension and in compression at superimposed pressures up to 1104 MPa(160 ksi). Strain softening occurred in the polycarbonate at low pressures but was inhibited by pressure. Tensile necking occurred in both materials, but was promoted by pressure in polyethylene and inhibited in polycarbonate. The initial modulus, E, and the flow stress, σ, at a given offset strain varied linearly with the mean pressure, P, with essentially the same pressure coefficient, α. Thus, E = (1+αP)E0 and σ = (1+αP)σ0, where E0 and σ0 are values at zero mean pressure. In polyethylene, the coefficient, σ0, was the same in tension and compression, indicating that the strength differential between tension and compression was a simple manifestation of pressure-dependent yielding. In polycarbonate the coefficient, σ0, was different in tension and in compression, implying an effect due to the third stress invariant or to anisotropy. The results suggest a constitutive model for polymers in which the flow stress is linearly dependent on mean pressure, but in which inelastic volume change is negligible. The results also suggest that the pressure dependence of flow stress in polymers is the same as that of the initial modulus.


In 2006, Hui-Feng Huang and Chin-Chen Chang proposed a novel efficient threshold proxy signature scheme based on Schnorr's scheme. In their scheme, the original signer could know who generated the threshold proxy signature and the receiver could certify the actuality of the proxy group signers who made the proxy signature. However, their scheme had some security weaknesses. In this paper, by identifying some concrete instances and analyzes, we demonstrate that their scheme is vulnerable to the forgery attack and the public-key substitute attack. That is, Huang et al.'s scheme could not achieve their claimed security requirement. Finally, we propose our improvement to eliminate the weaknesses and give its security analysis. Index Terms—proxy signature; threshold proxy signature; forgery attack; public-key substitute attack


Patients who are severely inhibited in their capacity to free associate and reflect on their associations present a technical challenge. Such inhibitions threaten the treatment with a form of communication breakdown. There is often a sense of futility and a sense that someone must be to blame for the treatment impasse. Efforts to interpret such severe inhibitions often result in intensification of the impasse. Working through such enactments is facilitated not only through accurate psychodynamic understanding but also through a willingness to engage in some degree of spontaneous emotional engagement, self-disclosure, and mutual analysis. When the patient is in a state of psychic equivalence, a particular quality of relational experience is sometimes required for the patient to perceive how external and internal reality are not necessarily equivalent. Most clinicians are familiar with a certain type of treatment impasse, one in which it seems as though nothing meaningful is transpiring. The patient may be relatively uncommunicative and silent, saying that nothing is on her mind. Or the patient may engage in a narrative style that keeps the analyst at an emotional distance. The tone of voice may be monotone and the content may be fairly concrete, a litany of ruminative worries, an endless collection of petty grievances, or a laundry list of normalizing progress reports. If the well runs dry, the patient claims her mind is blank, as the patient sees no meaning in her narrative beyond the manifest content. The analyst's countertransference tends toward boredom, distractibility, or drowsiness when silently listening and toward exasperation when efforts to engage in a collaborative reflective effort are frustrated. Such patients are severely inhibited in their capacity to freely associate and to reflect on their associations. These severe inhibitions can virtually shut down an analytic process. Analysis may then seem a meaningless exercise in futility as it seems as though the patient is incapable of generating material of sufficient analytic interest. Questions of the patient's suitability for analysis may arise in the mind of the patient as well as the analyst. If this situation is protracted, there is likely to be a growing concern about who is to blame for the impasse. At the manifest level it seems as though nothing is happening. What we have here is neither meaningless nor a failure of emotional engagement,


Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) has been described as the most common challenge that general physicians, osteopaths, physical and manual therapists face today. Its's frequency among the patients admitted to chronic pain practices is about 85 % (Han et al. 1997, Skootsky et al. 1989). MPS is characterized by pain originating from the trigger points (TrPs) at muscles and fascia. It is associated with, muscle spasm, tenderness, restricted motion. Although the exact pathology of this phenomenon is still an issue of debate, therapists have developed a lot of empirical treatment approaches. The various treatment techniques that are used for treating TrPs are: TrP release (TrPPR - ischemic pressure applied by finger or some similar tool), ultrasound, TENS, LASER, muscle energy technique (MET), positional release therapy (PRT), strain counter strain technique and integrated neuromuscular inhibitory technique (INIT). The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of LASER and TrPPR both combined with MET in reducing pain originating from TrPs. Both approaches resulted in decrease in pain levels and increase in pain threshold. Comparison between the groups showed no advantage to one procedure over the other.


There has been a huge transformation, the sthapathis (creators) of the Kedarnath Temple ensured the temple and its placement was in harmony with it's environ. The collapse of the new structures around it in the Himalayan Tsunami of 2013 reflects the illiteracy of greed. Early pilgrims respected ecology and traversed much of the Char Dham by foot. Today's tourists (yatra-neophytes) believe in penance powered by four-wheel drive which worsened the poor infrastructure. The lure of lucre fuelled construction, and lives were precariously lodged on river banks in the state located predominantly in a landslide zone. For India, Ganga, Himalayas are very important binding factors. Development doesn't need to prioritized on a lower footing but ensuring proper regulated approvals to mushrooming hydro power projects to secure the growing requirements of the energy hungry nation can't be negotiated. Himalayas have one of the most fragile topographies among mountain ranges of the world on account of being the youngest. The Indian plate is continuously pushing north about 2 cm every year, and so the Himalaya is rising about 5 mm a year. This means the Himalayas are still geologically active and structurally unstable. Landslides and earthquakes will continue to happen in the region because of the movement of the plates in the Himalayas. The paper analyses the role of carrying capacity in tourism of the region. It further assesses the impact of human tampering–building roads, constructing hotels on banks etc in damaging fragile landscape which leads to climate change. It ends with suggestions pertaining to changes regarding tourism of the region to avoid such a calamity.


The item presents the peculiarities of dairy herd reproduction, focuses on the difference between current classification of fixed assets and the classification of biogenic capital assets, describes the main principles of productive livestock breeding on dairy farms. Monitoring the cost of dairy cows in Kholmogorsky District, Arkhangelsk Region has allowed to offer an improved formula for calculating the cost of raising a cow. The item presents the mechanism of systematic influence for managing the productive dairy cattle breeding process aimed at increasing its cost efficiency and enhancing the output. It also claims that the cost efficiency of breeding is the principle generalizing indicator of cost efficiency for investment into the primary herd.


Esophageal and mouth pressures were determined at various fixed lung volumes in seven normal subjects in various postures. Esophageal pressure was obtained from balloons placed at various levels of...


Purpose

This conceptual paper aims to contribute to the growing literature around the "politics of heritage" by focusing on India which has a multifaceted society with several layers of religious culture and history.

Design/methodology/approach

The work is based on an extensive review of the literature and philosophical discussions relating to the politics of heritage tourism and the political dimensions of nationalism and ethnicity from an interdisciplinary perspective.

Findings

The main purpose of this conceptual paper is to develop hypotheses. Hence, the study asks: How does postcolonial India reconstruct its past and how are religions represented as part of the national image and for the purpose of tourism promotion? How tourism and religious heritage support a broader secular dreamscape of harmonious cultural nationalism in India? Considering all allegations for supporting the Hindutva movement (who considers Hinduism to be the source of India's "essential" identity and believes it alone can provide national cohesiveness) by the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government in India, it is worth examining if there are any subtle changes to the tourism agenda created by the new government and the ambivalence surrounding it. Is there any place for the "foreigners" (Muslims and Christians) in Hindutva political ideology? Future scholars can analyze how tourism promotional material represents three major religions in the country by the current Indian Government (i.e. BJP) in its official tourism website: www.incredibleindia.org. This will take "politics of heritage" studies to a different trajectory, as analysis of web media has emerged as a critical medium in understanding numerous social processes.

Research limitations/implications

The paper draws on a wide range of seminal work by scholars of nationalism and ethnicity over the past few decades, but it cannot be comprehensive.

Originality/value

The paper's originality lies in its novel approach to an understudied aspect in tourism studies (i.e. politics of heritage) and providing suggestions for future research.


Information hiding techniques have been developing very fast and because of that, covert communication gained more attentions especially among steganalyst and researchers on steganology area.However, most of the previous studies have only concentrate on non-text media and obviously lack focuses on text steganalysis based.A main problem in text steganalysis is to comprehend key detection for steganlyst in order to detect any text, stego text or clear text.Therefore, this study focuses on proposing a conceptual design of detected key in text steganalysis based.The methodology of this study basically covers three phases.The first phase emphasizes on text based environment in steganalysis domain aim to categorize the steganalysis types.The entire key detection feature in the experiment will be used in the second phase to analyze the key used in terms of the right statistical and mathematical formulation.The third phase is to develop a design of key detection in text steganalysis based where it shall make use of the process flow of text steganalysis to complete the key management phase. Finally, the output of this study which is a key detection design will be used as a reference for steganalyst to analyze a suspected stego text.


This paper seeks to reflect on the power of the State in the procedures and treatment given to indigenous persons accused, defendant, convicted or deprived of liberty in the light of non-traditional ordering and the issue of the effectiveness of indigenous people's rights in the Brazilian prison system. Thus, we sought to review the bibliographies and analyzes of Resolution 287 of the National Council of Justice (CNJ) of June 25, 2019, filled the gap regarding the response of the Judiciary to the indigenous question deprived of liberty throughout the country.


Modern theory of an enterprise's strategic management recognizes the necessity to illuminate factors of external and internal influence when working out its development strategy. In the author's opinion, under market relations the knowledge about tendencies and factors of external environment is of particular importance for managing the enterprise. These factors may have direct influence on operation the business entity and must be taken into consideration while working up the strategic and tactical measures aimed to secure its survivability and effectiveness in the long-term outlook. The factors of external environment depending on their degree of influence upon the enterprise's activities are subdivided into straight and indirect. The category of straight factors contains factors which have direct influence on the enterprise's functioning are consumers, competitors, suppliers and contact sets (for example, the government, the financial and credit organizations, branch non-commercial organizations etc.). The category of indirect factors contains factors which don't have immediate influence on the enterprise activities, but may influence its functioning. This category contains economical, political, technical, social and cultural factors. This article analyzes factors of external environment for metallurgical enterprises from Perm Krai which have been carrying out development projects that play an important role in social and economic problems of local municipalities.


Magnetically controlled shape memory alloys (MSMA) generate stress in a magnetic field, which can change the shape of the MSMA material. In order to guide the design, control and application of the MSMA actuators, modeling of the input dependence of the output for the actuators are necessary. Based on the thermodynamic model and the calculation method of magnetic field-induced stress, the model of output strain and force are presented for MSMA actuator in this paper. The model can quantitatively describe the output strain and force of the actuator under magnetic field, temperature and stress. The experimental results and the calculating ones are consistent, which indicates the validity and practicability of the model on MSMA actuator.


This article addresses nexus between employee performance measurement and management in the African public sector. This paper reviews the different performance measurement system design processes published in the literature and creates a framework for comparing alternative approaches. The paper then proceeds to review the literature on performance measurement system implementations and finds that the performance measurement is at the stage of identifying difficulties and pitfalls to be avoided based on practitioner's experience and many attempts to introduce results-based management in the African public sectors are still unsuccessful. Literature on public-sector performance management, however, points to problems in the design and management of these systems and questions their effectiveness as policy tools for increasing governmental accountability and performance. The paper further develops, from theory, a framework for analysing the implementation of a performance measurement system and uses this framework to propose adoption of more appropriate employee performance measurements. The paper concludes that specific processes are required to continuously align the performance measurement system with outcomes-based performance management.


Summary The McCune-Albright syndrome is characterized by a triad of cafe-au-lait macules, bone fibrous dysplasia and hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies. A nine-year-old girl with irregular cafe-au-lait macules on the left cheek, neck and frontal areas, as well as fibrous dysplasia of underlying bones of the skull is reported. No endocrinopathies nor precocious puberty were found.


ABSTRACT This research was conducted to determine the factors behind the rubber farmers working on Sei Lakitan Pom Division of PT. PP. London Sumatera Indonesia Tbk and to calculate the income contribution of rubber farmers working on Sei Lakitan Pom Division of PT. PP London Sumatera Indonesia Tbk on the income of farmer's family. This research was conducted in Marga Baru Village Muara Lakitan District Musirawas Regency. In February Up to April 2017. The research method used is survey method, for Sampling Method used by Purposive Sampling method. Data Collection Methods used Interview method directly to the respondents who have been determined by using the quisionary aids that have been prepared before and secondary data. Data processing is done using descriptive method with qualitative approach and for second problem using formula systematically. From the research results showed that the factors of income and land factors that lie behind the rubber farmers work on the Division of Sei Lakitan Pom PT. PP London Sumatera Indonesia Tbk and income contribution of rubber farmers work at Sei Lakitan Pom Division PT.PP London Sumatera Indonesia Tbk by 73 percent to family income.


This article explores key issues in nursing through the eyes of commentator Harriet Sergeant and nursing leader Beverly Malone. In a question and answer session, they address nursing's current hot topics


Political modernization is a difficult concept to grapple with1. The traditional approach is to view the political systems of industrially developed Western countries as a model of, or sometimes even as a synonym for, a politically developed polity.


A theoretical investigation is made of giant pulse generation in lasers with nonlinear active media which combine the functions of laser action and nonlinear optical frequency conversion, under conditions of passive and active Q switching of the laser resonator. A transversely homogeneous approximation is used to formulate the kinetic equations which describe the laser action and which are obtained by averaging, over the resonator length, the equations for plane quasimonochromatic waves traveling in opposite directions along the resonator axis. By analyzing the numerical solutions of the kinetic equations obtained assuming that the resonator is nontransmitting at the stimulated emission frequency ..omega../sub 1/ and that one of its mirrors is partially transmitting at the frequencies ..omega../sub 2/=2..omega../sub 1/, it is possible to identify the characteristic dependences of the laser action relating to the profile, duration, peak intensity, and energy of the giant pulses and their dependence on the effective nonlinearity. It is shown, in particular, that there is an optimal value at which the laser action is most efficient. In the case of passive Q switching, there is also a limiting value of the nonlinearity above which giant pulse generation ceases completely. Possible methods of suppressing excessively high nonlinearity are brieflymore » discussed.« less


The problem of two-dimensional scattering of a transversal electric polarized wave, by a dielectric object is formulated in terms of a hypersingular integral equation, in which a grad-div operator acts on a vector potential. The vector potential is a spatial convolution of the free-space Green's function and the contrast source over the domain of interest. A weak form of the integral equation for the unknown electric flux density is obtained by testing it with rooftop functions. The vector potential is expanded in a sequence of the rooftop functions and the grad-div operator is integrated analytically over the dielectric object domain only. The method shows excellent numerical performance. >


This paper reports on the effect of carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium and aluminum on solidification cracking susceptibility of high manganese steel. The solidification cracking susceptibility of high manganese steel has been evaluated by using trans-Varestraint test and BTR that is one of the evaluation index of the solidification cracking susceptibility was obtained and compared. According to quenched microstructure observation by EPMA and EBSD analysis, solidification mode at all material might be an austenite phase (single-phase), in addition MnS was observed in the weld metal of all tested samples with different chemical composition and M 3 P particle was observed only for 13%Cr material. A numerical analysis approach for solidification cracking susceptibility of high manganese steel depending on some solute elements was carried out to quantitatively evaluate the temperature range and confirm the validation of BTR and influence of the solidification phenomenon. Based on both temperature ranges obtained experimentally and analytically, the solidification cracking susceptibility increased with increasing carbon, silicon and manganese, and these doesn ' t change by chromium content in the high manganese steel. And then, aluminum decreased the solidification cracking susceptibility, but it might be caused ductility-dip cracking in the steel.


Industry design develops with industrialization. At different stages, it was greatly influenced by sci tech. In the period characteristic of information and knowlege economy, the industry design should be based on information for the reconstruction in contents, theories and techniques. Correspondingly, its education should change in concepts and models.


Summary form only given. When used for SHG of 1064 nm radiation or in OPO pumped at 532 nm, KTP crystals frequently display gray tracks. The origin of the effect is far from being understood completely. A unique photothermal common-path interferometer has been used to observe the gray track damage in KTP. CW green laser radiation energy flux was up to 200 kW/cm/sup 2/. Gray track build-up has been monitored at 1064 nm. Temporal and spatial dynamics of the gray track formation have been investigated in more detail than previously reported. Useful criteria for quantitative evaluation of KTP gray track susceptibility have been developed. The data obtained in gray-track experiments have been used as a feedback to modify in a desirable way the KTP growth process. We report the first experimental evidence that the gray track susceptibility of KTP depends on the material nonstoichiometry similarly to the material Curie temperature and electrical conductivity as reported earlier. We observed that the gray track susceptibility of the flux-grown KTP could be significantly decreased by adjustment of the growth parameters, such as growth temperature and/or potassium concentration in flux.


Cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, are becoming increasingly prevalent mainly due to their anonymity, decentralization, transparency, and security. However, the completely public ledger makes the trace and analysis of each account possible as long as the identity behind the public address is revealed. Theoretically, social networks could make that happen when addresses are posted on social network platforms using accounts containing personal information. To verify such a possibility, we have collected public data from two major platforms, i.e. Twitter and Reddit, aiming to find potential privacy leakage behind the ETH public address. In the end, an easy-to-use retrieval application is also built for a better illustration.


Lobbying public officials is common practice, but becomes problematic when officials have a financial interest in the sector that lobbies them and for which they are responsible. This article explores such cases, with a particular focus on Eastern Europe.


The single most important factor in improving mouth cancer survival rates is detecting a tumour before it has reached 2 cm in diameter and has not metastasized to the lymph nodes. Clear descriptions of the abnormalities are essential in referrals to aid the vetting process. The introduction of the lockdown has reduced the number of referrals, which will undoubtedly have a negative impact for patients.


Thermal camera technology has been rapidly advancing in the process of remotely measuring temperature. In addition, thermal cameras can also be used to detect gas, water, and other fluid leaks by measuring the temperature changes in the measured object, such as water pipes within walls that cannot be seen directly with the naked eye. However, thermal cameras have limitations in directly measuring dynamic temperature, such as in electric motors mounted on engine blocks. Moreover, there is a need for acquiring data on temperature changes that can be stored and displayed in real-time. The aim of this research is to develop a basic prototype capable of measuring the temperature of the target object and displaying it directly, with the displayed data also being stored in a database. The hardware used for measurements in this study consists of an array of 36 NTC sensors, which are read by the ADC on each ESP-12K microcontroller. The measured data is sent from the microcontroller to the computer via serial communication in the form of voltage values, which are then converted into resistance and temperature values on the computer. For the temperature array visualization process, the author uses Python programming language and the Gaussian Interpolation method.


Herpes simplex virus, with a share of 10-20%, is the most common cause of viral encephalitis. Although the discovery of acyclovir significantly reduced mortality, 60-80% of patients have persistent neuropsychiatric deffects, mainly due to the development of necrosis and brain edema. The role of decompressive craniectomy is proven in the treatment of malignant brain edema following stroke and traumatic brain injury, but it's full potential in herpes simplex viral encephalitis is still to be investigated. This dissertation includes all previously published case reports that include patients with herpes simplex viral encephalitis who underwent decompressive craniectomy due to malignant brain edema. Case report analysis contributes to the present knowledge of the positive role of decompressive craniectomy in reducing mortality from malignant edema as a complication of encephalitis and emphasizes the possibility of better outcome in patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy early in the time of worsening of the disease.


Increasing growth of suburbia demands better passenger comfort because of longer daily journeys. To increase capacity SNCF develops a new series of stock with driving trailers for locomotive pull-and-push operation, the passenger in- and out-flow having been made a special study in relation to acceptable station times for train running in outer-suburban areas.


In the title compound, [ZnBr2(C8H6N2)2], the Zn atom is coordinated by two Br atoms and two N atoms of two different phthalazine ligands in a distorted tetrahedral arrangement. The central bond angles, N—Zn—N and Br—Zn—Br, are 105.6 (2) and 115.59 (5)°, respectively.


We show that the spacing distribution between parked cars ca n be obtained as a solution of certain linear distributional fixed point equation. The results are compared with the data m easured on the streets of Hradec Kralove. We also discuss a relation of this results to the random matrix theory. Our aim is to describe the spacing distribution between cars p ked parallel to the curb somewhere in the center of a city. We will assume that the street is long enough to enable a par llel parking of many cars. Moreover we assume that there are no driveways or side streets in the segment of inter est and that the street is free of any kind of marked parking lots or park meters. So the drivers are not biased to park at so me particular positions. On the contrary: they are free to park the car anywhere provided they find and empty space to do i t. In additions we assume that there are not cars parked permanently on the street (i.e. we assume that the majority o f the cars leaves the street during the night). The standard way to describe such random parking is the conti nuous version of the random sequential adsorption model known also as the "random car parking problem" see [1] , [2] for review. It is a well studied process where the cars are parked without overlapping onto randomly chosen positi ons. All cars have the same length l0 and all parking attempts are regarded as independent. Assume that the street has a len gthL >> l0. The particular parking attempt goes as follows: choose a random position x on the street. If the interval (x − l0/2, x + l0/2) is free park the car with its middle at x. If this interval is not free choose another random position x and try again. Finally a jamming limit is reached when all fre e intervals have lengths less then l0 and no additional cars can be parked. In the limit L → ∞ it has been proved by Renyi [3] that the jamming limit is achieved when there are N = qL/l0 cars parked withq = 0.74759... There is a considerable interest to optimize the parking pro blem. First of all it has been maked out that as many as 30% of all cars going around in the city center are cruising for pa rking [4] a hence contribute substantially to the traffic congestion. The attempts to organize somehow the city parki ng by introducing parking fees and similar methods lead often to ambiguous results see [5], [6]. Mainly because the city traffic, that include together the cruising and parked cars, represents a nonlinear system that is difficult to opti mize. It is therefore of interest to understand the mechanis m that finally leads to a self organized parking distribution in cas es when all regulations are absent. Here we focus on the distribution of the bumper to bumper dist ancesD between the parked cars. The first attempt (known to us) to collect such empirical data has been done by R awal and Rodgers [7] in the center of London. The results were surprising since they differed substantially form the spacing distribution predicted by the above model where the spacing distributionP (D) behaves likeP (D) → ∞ for D → 0 see [8],[9], [10],[11]. But the results from London show clearly that in realityP (D) → 0 asD → 0. Later Abul-Magd [12] pointed out that the spacings between th parked cars in London can be well described by a one dimensional gas of int erac ing particles in thermal equilibrium (Dyson gas) [13] and hence by the random matrix theory [14]. Novel measurements confirmed the results presented by Rawal and Rodgers. On the other hand detailed results from various streets in the center of Hradec Kralove (Czech Repub lic) showed that the spacing distribution between the parke d cars depends (weakly) on the particular traffic situation. T he same phenomenon was observed also in Ann Arbor (USA) [15] where it was demonstrated that the "temperature" of the Dyson gas depends on the street where the cars park.


In the final editorial of 2018 Roger Kirby, Editor on Trends in Urology and Men's Health, discusses why now is the time to dismiss the myth that moderate alcohol consumption is somehow healthy.


A model for the electronic structure of the RxMy intermetallic compounds is proposed in which the s electrons are spread over the crystal and the d states are mostly localized on the transition metal sites, the degree of localization varying from 3d to 4d and 5d. The authors distinguish between two cases: (i) magnetism driven by the localized f moments (e.g. GdCo2), and (ii) magnetism sustained by the d band (e.g. LuFe2). These two situations are discussed in terms of an effective s-d coupling and an s-f exchange; the transition metal magnetic moment in (ii) is calculated using a simple model. The rare earth isomer shifts and the paramagnetic susceptibility of the compounds are also considered; the excess h.f. fields in the RFe2 compounds may be understood within this picture. Finally, it is shown that the s-d hybridization mechanism may account for the observed effective s-d coupling.


The strategy parameters of an Evolutionary Strategy (ES) govern the responsibility for determining how it searches for improved solutions in the search space. The values of the parameters are assigned at the start of the optimization process and some of them are updated in each iteration. The values of the parameters are determined by a set of formulas, which have empirically proved to work well. A specific ES, called the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolutionary Strategy (CMA-ES) is equipped with a covariance matrix C that adapt its sampling distribution to the search space Rn by means of information retrieved from the evaluation process, allowing it to convergence faster to the optimum on a large set of optimization problems than ordinary ESs. In each iteration the distribution samples λ offspring solutions and a (μ, λ) selection scheme selects μ solutions with the most optimal objective fitness function value. The recombination weights are a set of values that govern the responsibility of defining in each iteration the mean m of the sampling distribution from the aforementioned set of μ solutions. For each of the μ solutions there is a corresponding recombination weight value, which indicate the amount of information used from the solution to which it is associated to construct the mean m. Currently, these values are defined once at the beginning of the search process and remain static during it. In this document, the possibility of making them adaptive to the search space is investigated. Three methods are proposed, allowing to make the recombination weights adaptive to the search space by means of information retrieved from evaluation of the offspring solutions that are sampled in each iteration. The designs have been applied to both a CMA-ES with (μ,λ)and (μ + λ)selection scheme. The performance of them have been compared with a canonical CMA-ES with a corresponding selection scheme. This performance assessment has been done on the Black Box Optimization Benchmark (BBOB). The results of the CMA-ESs with the non-adaptive recombination schemes have been used as a baseline to compare the results of the methods that we proposed. The results show that on a set of problems with single objective functions all algorithms obtain similar results. However, the results show that on multimodal functions the heuristics with adaptive recombination weights are able to obtain better convergence results than the one with static recombination weights. We have hypothesised that it was caused by that the offspring sampled by heuristics with adaptive recombination weight have a higher variance. We have conducted two additional experiments that measure how solutions are sampled, that confirmed this hypothesis.


An attempt is made to link the subjective evaluation of vibrations with objective measurements in the laboratory and in-flight. For the purpose of this study high levels of vibrations were intentionally introduced in the aircraft. It is found that the vibrations in the controlled environment are easily discerned whereas in the more complex environments such as prevailing in an aircraft, the results seem to be affected by other environmental parameters. One of the most important aspects of aircraft interior environment is ride comfort. Ride comfort can span from the quality of aircraft seats to the integrated subjective appraisal of the quality of the flight. A major program in interior sound and vibration quality is being carried out at Saab AB in collaboration with Chalmers University of Technol-ogy. The overall objective of the project is to model aircraft cabin comfort by linking the subjective evaluations with objective measurements. This paper describes some results from the subjective testing of quality of vibrations during flight as well as in the laboratory. An attempt is made to correlate the human response to vibrations measured in the laboratory and in-flight.


The predictive control strategy consists of computing the control signal that makes the predicted process output belong to a desired output trajectory which is generated by a driver block. In this paper the general design of the driver block is formulated. This design is based on selecting a desired output trajectory which verifies a performance criterion over a finite time prediction horizon. Two types of solutions are given. One of them requires to solve a Riccati equation to minimize a quadratic cost function. The other avoids the use of a Riccati equation by imposing specific shapes to the control sequence. Simulation examples in the field of control of structures are presented and comparisons are made between predictive and optimal control.


Due to the traditional direct torque control(DTC) system has the problems of torque and current ripples in low speed range and unfixed switching frequency,An experimental platform based on space vector control DTC(SVM-DTC) was proposed.The hardware of this experimental platform used the intelligent power module(IPM) to design the DC-AC circuit and designed the digital signal processing(DSP) motion control card as its core which was based on the PCI bus.The software realized the real-time control of variable frequency speed regulation system with the Visual C + +,and its algorithm was opening and convenient to redevelop.The experimental results indicate that this design has a good static and dynamic performance.


In this paper a practical demonstration for simultaneous lévitation and rotation for a ferromagnetic object is presented. A hollow steel cylinder of 59 gm mass is arranged to remain suspended stably under I-core electromagnet utilizing DC electromagnetic levitation principle and then arranged to rotate the levitated cylinder around 1000 rpm speed based on eddy current based energy meter principle. Since the object is to be rotating during levitated condition the device will be frictionless, energy-efficient and robust. This technology may be applied to frictionless energy meter, wind turbine, machine tool applications, precision instruments and many other devices where easy energy-efficient stable rotation will be required. The cascade lead compensation control scheme has been applied for stabilization of unstable levitation system.


The Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (JPARC) linac is the injector to the 3-GeV rapid cycle synchrotron. To increase the beam power of the synchrotron, the task of upgrading the energy of the linac to 400 MeV started in March 2009. At the downstream of the 191-MeV separated-type drift tube linac, 25 modules of the annularring coupled structure (ACS) linac will be added in August 2013. Cavity fabrication of the ACS is nearly complete, and the completed modules are kept at the J-PARC site. Currently, pumps and vacuum components are being installed on the cavities for testing of vacuum conditions. For the J-PARC pulsed beam, vacuum pressures need to be less than 10−5 Pa along the beam line in order not to exceed 0.1 W/m beam loss. In this paper, we present the measurement results for reducing the vacuum pressure using the stored ACS cavity to enable the high-intensity operation.


In this work we examine noncommutativity of position coordinates in classical symplectic mechanics and its quantisation. In coordinates {qi,pk} the canonical symplectic two-form is w0 = dqiUdpi. It is well known in symplectic mechanics [5, 6, 9] that the interaction of a charged particle with a magnetic field can be described in a Hamiltonian formalism without a choice of a potential. This is done by means of a modified symplectic two-form w = w0-eF, where e is the charge and the (time-independent) magnetic field F is closed: dF = 0. With this symplectic structure, the canonical momentum variables acquire non-vanishing Poisson brackets: {pk,pl} = e Fkl(q). Similarly a closed two-form in p-space G may be introduced. Such a dual magnetic field G interacts with the particle's dual charge r. A new modified symplectic two-form w = w0-eF+rG is then defined. Now, both p- and q-variables will cease to Poisson commute and upon quantisation they become noncommuting operators. In the particular case of a linear phase space R2N, it makes sense to consider constant F and G fields. It is then possible to define, by a linear transformation, global Darboux coordinates: {xi,pk} = dik. These can then be quantised in the usual way $widehat{\xi}^i,\widehat{\pi}^i $ = i(h/2p) dik. The case of a quadratic potential is examined with some detail when N equals 2 and 3.


The first stars in the universe formed out of pristine primordial gas clouds that were radiatively cooled to a few hundreds of degrees kelvin either via molecular or atomic (Lyman-α) hydrogen lines. This primordial mode of star formation was eventually quenched once radiative and/or chemical (metal enrichment) feedbacks marked the transition to Population II stars. In this paper, we present a model for the formation rate of Population III stars based on Press–Schechter modeling coupled with analytical recipes for gas cooling and radiative feedback. Our model also includes a novel treatment for metal pollution based on self-enrichment due to a previous episode of Population III star formation in progenitor halos. With this model, we derive the star formation history of Population III stars, their contribution to the reionization of the universe and the time of the transition from Population III star formation in minihalos (M ≈ 106 M☉, cooled via molecular hydrogen) to that in more massive halos (M ≳ 2 × 107 M☉, where atomic hydrogen cooling is also possible). We consider a grid of models highlighting the impact of varying the values for the free parameters used, such as star formation and feedback efficiency. The most critical factor is the assumption that only one Population III star is formed in a halo. In this scenario, metal-free stars contribute only to a minor fraction of the total number of photons required to reionize the universe. In addition, metal-free star formation is primarily located in minihalos, and chemically enriched halos become the dominant locus of star formation very early in the life of the universe—at redshift z ≈ 25—even assuming a modest fraction (0.5%) of enriched gas converted in stars. If instead multiple metal-free stars are allowed to form out of a single halo, then there is an overall boost of Population III star formation, with a consequent significant contribution to the reionizing radiation budget. In addition, the bulk of metal-free stars are produced in halos with M ≳ 2 × 107 M☉.


Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of rutin (RTN) in comparison to silymarin (SLM) against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar albino rats (n=24) of 3 months age were equally divided into four groups. Group 1 served as normal control. Hepatotoxicity was induced in the remaining three groups with administration of 500 mg/kg po APAP from day 1-3. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were subsequently administered orally with distilled water, 25 mg/kg of SLM, and 20 mg/kg of RTN, respectively, for 11 days. The mean body weights and biomarkers of hepatotoxicity were estimated on day 0, 4 (confirmation of toxicity), and 15 (at the end of treatment). Hematological parameters were evaluated on day 4 and 15. Antioxidant profile and adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) were assessed at the end of the experiment. Liver tissues were subjected to histopathology and transmission electron microscopy after the sacrifice on day 15. Results: Antioxidant profile, ATPases, and hematological and sero-biochemical parameters were significantly altered, and histopathological changes were noticed in the liver of toxic control group. These changes were reversed in groups 3 and 4 that were administered with SLM and RTN, respectively. Conclusion: The results of the present investigation enunciated that SLM has potent hepatoprotective activity though the RTN was found superior in restoring the pathological alterations in paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats.


Aiming at the actual application of communication countermeasure,a new method about accurately estimating the hop duration was proposed for the Frequency-Hopping(FH) signals.It applied Short Time Fourier Transform(STFT) to process FH at first,then obtained the peak sequence from the results of STFT,and sampled the peak sequence in single-bit way,so the hop duration estimation could be obtained from the final single-bit sample sequence.The algorithm was simulated and its results and performance were analyzed.It is showed that the algorithm is efficient when SNR is greater than -1 dB.The method is simple,effective and easy to be implemented.


Understanding the function of a specific receptor in a cell is key for developing new therapies for diseases. Current early‐stage drug development strategies often utilize non‐specific or "dirty" drugs/molecules to determine receptor function, as more specific agonists or antagonists may not be available. A second strategy incorporates genetic modifications to determine the role of a receptor in an animal model of disease. This method is time‐consuming, expensive, and can produce artifacts that confound or skew results. Furthermore, certain modifications may not produce viable offspring. These issues make developing drugs for neurological conditions more challenging, as the function of a receptor can depend on the brain region where a neuron is located or can require an interaction partner (receptor cross‐talk). One way to study neurons is to perform extracellular recordings on mouse or rat brain slices. In these experiments, an electrode is placed near, but not onto or into, a neuron. This electrode, usually filled with a saline solution, measures the number of action potentials over time, a.k.a. the firing rate. Agonists and/or drugs are then perfused on to the neuron, and the effects are reported as a change in the firing rates. Here, we describe a new method: "SiRNA‐Loaded Electrodes kNocksdown Target (Si‐LENT)" slice electrophysiology. Si‐LENT slice is a new method for performing extracellular recordings in brain slice that can knockdown target genes over the course of a recording session. Si‐LENT slice incorporates SiRNA into the recording electrode, which is delivered to the cell during the experiment. For the current study, we targeted P2X4 receptors, which we have previously linked to regulation of alcohol consumption. We recorded from dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons located in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the mouse brain. DAergic neurons in the VTA of the brain have been shown to be associated with learning, reward, and addiction, but the function of P2X4 receptors in this region is not well understood. We found a significant reduction in receptor activity after two hours of recording, and a sustained reduction for up to two hours thereafter. Five hours after the start of the experiment, P2X4 receptor response returned to baseline, suggesting adaptation to the inclusion of the siRNA over a longer time period (or recovery over time as the electrode and the cell may drift apart.) We also report an interaction between P2X4 receptors and ethanol, which was ablated in Si‐LENT slice recordings. These data demonstrate that this method that can be used in the cascade of experiments linked to target validation in drug discovery, which is also faster, cheaper, and more efficient than generating animal knockouts, and subverts the issue of developmental compensatory changes.


of the 57 Fe J isotope radiation for the investigated materials, measurement of each Mossbauer spectrum was carried out for about one week. The resonance effect turned out to be very low in spite of the significant extension of the measurement time period and big measurement statistics. Therefore, each measured Mossbauer spectrum was smoothed, which consisted in the decomposition of the experimental spectra to the convergent Fourier series and in discarding those harmonic components that have very small input to the total dispersion, by using the Parseval relationship [29,30]. Distributions of the magnetic hyperfine P(H) fields were determined for spectra smoothed in this way, by using the HFQS [31] program, employing the Hesse-Rubartsch method [32]. The P(H) distributions obtained are characterised by the following set of parameters: x - average value of the magnetic hyperfine field, x - average value of the isomeric shift, x DH - dispersion of the P(H) hyperfine fields distribution. The DH parameter characterizes the hyperfine P(H) magnetic fields' distribution breadth and changes of its value are connected with fading or growth of the particular configurations of the vicinity of the 57-Fe isotope that occur in the thermal or mechanical treatment of the amorphous phase. The average values of the isomeric shift (in a smaller range) and the average values of the hyperfine magnetic field are sensitive to the closest atomic neighbourhood of the 57-Fe isotope and depend on the kind of atoms surrounding the Mossbauer isotope. Analysing changes of the DH and parameters gives grounds to draw conclusions pertaining to changes occurring in the closest neighbourhood of the Mossbauer isotope, featured by 57 Fe.


We propose one-dimensional hierarchical metamaterials (HMMs) that have simultaneously negative mass density and Young's modulus in the sense of effective properties. Frequency-dependent effective properties of the HMMs are evaluated by using a dynamic homogenization theory. By considering three necessary conditions for dynamic homogenizability, we verify that our proposed HMMs can have physically meaningful double negativity, whereas the conventional periodic structures cannot. In addition, HMMs yield the broader ranges of the frequency and the effective properties for double negativity due to the large number of geometrical parameters. By exploring all the possible effective properties of HMMs, we discuss whether we can design metamaterials with the opposite sign of material properties in nature, ultimately aiming at perfect impedance matching.We propose one-dimensional hierarchical metamaterials (HMMs) that have simultaneously negative mass density and Young's modulus in the sense of effective properties. Frequency-dependent effective properties of the HMMs are evaluated by using a dynamic homogenization theory. By considering three necessary conditions for dynamic homogenizability, we verify that our proposed HMMs can have physically meaningful double negativity, whereas the conventional periodic structures cannot. In addition, HMMs yield the broader ranges of the frequency and the effective properties for double negativity due to the large number of geometrical parameters. By exploring all the possible effective properties of HMMs, we discuss whether we can design metamaterials with the opposite sign of material properties in nature, ultimately aiming at perfect impedance matching.


Cadmium sulfide thin films were grown on transparent conductive oxide coated glass substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering with a substrate temperature ranging from 30 ℃ to 200 ℃.X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that cadmium sulfide films were polycrystalline with the hexagonal wurtzite structure.The scanning electron microscope images show a good crystalline quality of the films which can also be confirmed by the Raman spectra,ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra and the photoluminescence spectroscopy.The Raman spectra measurements indicate that the compressive stress in the CdS films increases with increasing growth temperature.


A comprehensive literature review revealed 66 reports involving science education for students with disabilities. These investigations were subdivided into (a) instructional strategies—including, instructional variables, mnemonic techniques, and text adaptations—and (b) science curriculum evaluation or comparison reports and involved students of all disability areas. Overall, it was found that (a) instructional variables including study guides and text adaptations exhibited a positive effect on student learning, behavior, and motivation; (b) mnemonic strategies were very effective in facilitating verbal knowledge of scientific phenomena; and (c) activities-oriented science curricula generally were effective in facilitating knowledge of science content, manipulative skills, and science process skills. These reports support previous recommendations for science education for students with disabilities based on documented characteristics of these students. Findings are discussed with respect to the overall goals of science education as well as future research directions for science instruction for students with disabilities.


Inventory Control System Management is a critical aspect for an organization. Thus, this project will developed to improvise the present inventory control at the Destina Shop of ProJET Petrol Station in Taman Universiti, Skudai to the better system. The purpose of the implementing is to prevent the problem of lack or over stock that can increase the cost of organization. The system will use the on-line concept, which is much easier. And, the system will be develop using Macromedia Dreamweaver MX and Microsoft Access. Periodic Review System Model, Service Level Model and Moving Average will implemented in this case study in order to get the optimum quantity of order.


The problem of crack branching and deflection in bi-material system is considered in this paper. The combinations may be piezoelectric-piezoelectric, or piezoelectric and non-piezoelectric. Based on Stroh's formulation for anisotropic material, Green's functions for various bi-material combinations are presented within the framework of two-dimensional electro-elasticity, allowing the crack problem to be expressed in terms of coupled singular integral equations. Then, a set of singular integral equations is developed and solved numerically. The crack path selection is investigated using the integral equations and the maximum energy release rate criterion. Numerical results are presented to study the role of remote electro-elastic loads on the path selection of crack extension.


This article looks at recorded Stop and Search activity in a southern English county from April 2003 to March 2006. The discussion explores the distribution of Stops and Searches and arrests made by police officers in the county, followed by an analysis of the demographic characteristics. The analysis of police recorded statistics offers the opportunity to identify patterns and trends in the police tactic which can influence and inform policing policy. It can identify whether the power falls unequally against certain sections of the population and/or whether the patterns are because of the deployment of resources based on the crime control strategy of the southern English police service area. These factors have implications for the service delivery role of police officers in the southern English county.


Hill (1985) has recently suggested a model of style based on the concept of an element pool from which individual building blocks or elements are selected to create more complex graphical images known as designs. The existence of such an element pool is examined using one class of material containing design information, late prehistoric rock art from the Zuni and Hopi areas. It is expected that the Zuni and Hopi selected elements from different element pools for use in these rock art sites. The Brainerd-Robinson Similarity Coefficient is used to examine this expectation.


Objective To investigate correlation between the amount of interleukin-17 (IL-17) producing cells and the expression of transforming growth factor (31 (TGF-β1) in glioma,and evaluate the clinical values of IL-17 and TGF-pl in predicting the prognosis of glioma. Methods The presence of IL-17 and TGF-pl was measured by immunohistochemistry in 135 human glioma (WHO Ⅰ 18,WHO Ⅱ 45,WHO Ⅲ 53,WHO Ⅳ 19) tissues and 15 normal brain tissues. Results There was no IL-17 positive staining in normal brain tissues. Of 135 glioma specimens showed low TGF-pl expression and 77 (57. 03% ) showed high TGF-pl expression. No TGF-β1 expression was detected in normal brain tissue. Furthermore,TGF-β1 expression was positively correlated with the amount of IL-17 producing cells in glioma tissues ( r=0.285, P<0.01). Compared with the low grade,the levels of IL-17 and TGF-pl positive cells were obviously increased in high grade. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there were significant differences in overall survival (OS) between the IL-17 and TGF-pl high-expression and lowexpression group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The 3-year OS rates of IL-17 of high expression and low expression were 33.75% and 76. 36%. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that age,KPS score, IL-17 were independent prognostic factor for OS (P<0.01). Conclusion Intratumoral IL-17-producing cell density and the expression of TGF-β1 was associated with the malignancy of human glioma.

Key words:
Transforming growth factor β1; Interleukin-17; Glioma; Prognosis


Isothermal forming is an important forming technique for the complex part of super hard aluminum alloy and other difficult-to-form materials. The forgings have the characteristics of high precision, low forming load,uniform microstructure and excellent mechanical properties. The isothermal forming process of a complex shell body parts was optimized by the numerical simulation. To ensure the die cavity has enough metal to filled, the pre-gathering material of the several difficult to form bosses was performed by pre-forming procedure. And then the defects of incomplete filling and folding of the forgings were solved. According to the optimized process, an engineering test was carried out. After the pre-forging and finish forging, the filling die of the isothermal forging of shell body is full. The outside surface on forging doesn′t occur crack and folding. The size and surface quality can meet all technical requirements of products excellently by measurement.


The paper discussed the design rules of the evaluation system for the practice teaching quality,established the evaluation indices and their weight.And it designed the evaluation system for the practice teaching quality of higher vocational college.Finally the paper pointed out the execution measure and improve method.


The paper focuses upon framework design with distributed computing for real-time simulation of resource-intensive tasks connected with testing of autonomous underwater vehicles' (AUVs') "intelligent" control algorithms. Algorithm research is carried out by simulation of a wide range of onboard sensors, AUV dynamics, and underwater physics. A distinctive feature of the simulator is the possibility of testing algorithms directly in a selected AUV control system environment. The simulation framework architecture utilizes client-server technology and a centralized database with the possibility of connecting both personal computers and supercomputers as computational nodes. The modular approach utilized provides the possibility to expand the algorithm and functional base by connecting additional modules via plug-in technology. The framework's functional capabilities, modules' interaction diagram under the circumstances of distributed computing, data communications, and storage protocols taking into account specific features of the simulated processes are described. The framework testing results with different computational configurations illustrating the possibility of performing real-time simulations of AUV control processes with heavy computational loads are quoted.


The heat generation at the start-up period of an autogeneous single screw extruder was determined with various feed materials, die structure and operational conditions. The highest heat generation rate was observed with defatted soybean meal, while the lowest value was obtained with rice flour, and wheat and barley flour showed the intermediate rate. As the moisture content of the flour decreased and the screw speed increased, the electric power requirement and heat generation rate increased. The temperature at compression section increased with the decrease in the particle size. The same effect was also observed as breaker plate was installed. The optimum operation was established as the temperature profile was maintained in decreasing order of metering section, die and compression section.


In order to learn problem solving, students must solve many problems. Cooperative problem solving in small groups is helpful both to students and to the instructor. When this approach is used, the class is divided into groups with four or five members apiece. Using whatever cooperative methods the group chooses, each group produces a proof, a solution to a challenging problem or puzzle, or the solutions to a set of problems, either in or out of class. When all members of a group have agreed that it is correct, a single written paper is submitted to the instructor. Students in my abstract algebra, logic, and number theory classes, who spent a semester doing group problem solving, were particularly appreciative of the opportunity they had to discover new strategies, solutions, and perspectives from their peers. Students in my elementary classes in calculus and college algebra and trigonometry reviewed their homework assignments in small groups. They were exceptionally positive in evaluating their group expe...


With ongoing miniaturization and weight reduction of portable electronic devices, effective heat dissipation is essential to inhibit malfunctions and premature failure. The application of fillers in a polymer matrix enhances...


The complexation reactions between Cd, Cu, Tl and Zn cations with dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) were studied in DMSO-MeOH binary mixtures at different temperatures using conductometric method. In all cases, DB18C6 froms 1:1 complexes with Cd, Cu, Tl and Zn cations. With the exception of Tl cation in pure methanol, addition of DB18C6 to the cations solutions causes a continous increase in the molar conductivity which indicates that the mobility of the complexed cations is more than the uncomplexed ones. The values of stability constants of the complexes which were determined from conductometric plots using the GENPLOT computer program, show that the stability of the complexes is affected by the nature and composition of the mixed solvents. A non-linear behaviour was observed between the log Kf and the composition of the mixed solvents for all of the complexes. The selectivity of DB18C6 for Cu, Cd, Tl and Zn is sensitive to the solvent composition and in some cases the order of selectivity is reversed in certain compositions of the mixed solvent systems. The selectivity of DB18C6 for the cations in pure MeOH is : Tl > Cd > Cu > Zn. The values of thermodynamic parameters ( oc S ∆ , o c H ∆ ) for formation of (DB18C6)Cd , (DB18C6)Cu, (DB18Cd)Tl and (DB18C6)Zn complexes were obtained from temperature dependence of the formation constants of the complexes using the van't Hoff plots. The obtained results show that in most cases, the complexation reactions between DB18C6 and these heavy metal cations are enthalpy destabilized but entropy stabilized.


Background: This study was performed in order to analyze and categorize morphologic features of 15 genotypes belonging to Pinto bean in the form of complete random blocks plan in three replicates on Broujerd agricultural researches and natural resources station farm in 2011. Objective: The features under study included singlebush performance (g), biologic performance, harvest index, plant height (cm), knot number on main stem, sheath number on main stem, sheath length (cm), sheath width (cm), minor-stem number, a hundred-seed weight (g), sheath weight (g), sheath number in single bush, and seed number in sheath for single bush. Results: The results showed that the greatest correlation of single-bush seed yield is with the features harvest index (r = 0.76**), biologic yield (r=0.72**), and sheath weight (r = 0.51*). Also, it was recognized that the feature of sheath width is of negative and significant correlation with the feature of yield (r=0.59*). Principle components analysis demonstrated that the first 5 components, on the whole, explain 86 percent of changes in variables under study.


An electrical connection assembly includes a substrate having first and second sides and a substrate aperture formed therein. The substrate is made of an electrically non-conductive material. A busbar is attached to the first side of the substrate. The busbar has a busbar aperture formed therein. A trace is formed on the second surface of the substrate. The busbar and trace are formed of an electrically conductive material. A pin is disposed in both the substrate aperture and the busbar aperture, wherein the pin is in electrical communication with the busbar and the trace.


Coprological surveys and helminth fauna of wild Iberian canids In Spain most helminth faunas of wild carnivores have been described from the examination of adult parasites in host necropsies. However, coprological surveys based on the isolation of eggs and larvae of helminths in fecal samples might be considered as a useful alternative. The present work tries to evaluate the validity of the coprological analysis for Iberian wild canids. Sixty-four fecal samples (45 from foxes, Vulpes vulpes and 19 from wolves, Canis lupus) obtained from the rectum of each specimen necropsied were analysed. Prevalences and intensities observed by both methods (necropsy and coprology) were compared. Coprological prevalences were almost always significantly lower that those (real prevalences) evidenced by necropsy. Correlation between the number of adult helminths and epg was high in ascarids and trichurids (r = 0.88 and 0.72). Contrarily, the correlation in taenids and ancilostomatids was very low (r = 0.12 and 0.17). According to the obtained results it can be concluded that at least in wild canids coprological surveys provide an acceptable approximation to the real helminth fauna and, therefore, this procedure may be a useful alternative when carcasses of carnivores are difficult to obtain.


We demonstrated the effect of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the Schottky barriers of graphene, in which the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were fabricated by a hydrothermal method, and the single-layer graphene sheets were mechanically exfoliated from Kish graphite. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were superparamagnetic with the saturation magnetic moment of ~32emu/g at room temperature. We have found that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles decorated on the graphene surface can dramatically modify the Schottky barriers of the whole devices possibly due to the magnetic stray field from the Fe3O4 nanoparticles in proximity to graphene. The Schottky barrier could be further tuned by the quantity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles.


The utility model discloses a high-ranking visual emergent telephone system, including a telephone machine, a plurality of emergent extension telephones, a plurality of solar-powered electricity supply systems, a plurality of light-wavelength division multiplexers, a plurality of moveable cameras, a plurality of video coding optical transmitting and receiving machines, a plurality of lightway dividing couplers, a video decoding transmitting and receiving machine, a monitoring computer, a control main frame and also a signal repeater. The utility model combines a highway emergent telephone system and a video monitoring system, thus can be used as a reporting device of the emergent phones as well as a monitoring device for the vehicles running on the highways. The system does not need any remote electricity supply system, thus saves a large amount of fund, brings great convenience to the construction and the maintaining; and improves the transmitting stability of the whole video monitoring system so that the break-up of the whole monitoring system as a result of the malfunction in a video monitoring part of the emergent extension telephone can be avoided.


Geopoetics in a philological understanding of this new concept for the humanities is an intelligent (and thus, mental, artistic) the development of the real writer of geographical space, as well as a set of forms and media system individually copyright of development. This article analyzes the spatial realities, recreated in the novel S. Vasilenko «Durochkа», which form the ambiguous representation of the reader about the site of action is created by the various figurative-expressive means of a holistic time-space work, the recipient is presented in an indirect way through the prism of individual author´s vision of the image space. In the article the basic parameters in the Lower Volga locus hagiographic picture of the world of the novel S. Vasilenko «Durochkа». It is proved that for geopoetics «Astrakhan text» typical dvumirnost, hierarchical structure, the symbolism of natural features, distinctive color palette. Means of artistic development geopoetics became the subject of study in this article.


This paper focuses on partnership between pairs of students in early childhood education during a teaching practicum in preschools and kindergartens. One hundred students enrolled in early childhood pre‐service teacher education programs at a large metropolitan Australian university were paired and placed in kindergartens and preschools with host teachers. The project aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of host teachers and students involved in the paired practicum which was evaluated qualitatively using semi‐structured surveys of host teachers and students. This paper identifies eight practices and two principles making this paired practicum successful or not successful.


Correct taxonomic identification of DNA sequences is central to studies of biodiversity using both shotgun metagenomic and metabarcoding approaches. However, there is no genetic marker that gives sufficient performance across all the biological kingdoms, hampering studies of taxonomic diversity in many groups of organisms. We here present a major update to Metaxa2 (http://microbiology.se/software/metaxa2/) that enables the use of any genetic marker for taxonomic classification of metagenome and amplicon sequence data.


Hatusua is a country located in West Seram district and is one of the pearl oyster farming locations. Pearl oyster cultivation in Hatusua country has been around since 2007. The cultivation methods used are KJA and longline methods. Pearl oyster cultivation in the country of Hatusua is also one of the village programs carried out based on the cooperation of the village government with PT Globalindo Mutiara where the company is a company engaged in the fisheries sector, namely pearl shell cultivation. The existing empowerment program requires a more focused development on improving the welfare of the community (youth) without neglecting various aspects, both socio-economic, technical and institutional. The purpose of this paper is to determine youth empowerment development strategies through cultivation of mutaira oysters in Hatusua country. Data analysis using process hierarchy analysis (AHP) includes socio-economic, technical and institutional aspects. Selection of the main criteria chosen by respondents in the AHP assessment based on a comparison of the three main criteria as the most selected criteria for the empowerment strategy were the socio-economic aspects of 41.2% followed by technical aspects of 32.6% and institutional aspects of 26.2%. The combination of the synthesis of the assessment results in the AHP calculation shows that the sequence of the implementation of the youth empowerment strategy is employee wages, family dependents, land suitability, worker skills, land area, business experience, state regulations, government programs, and support from the Marine and fisheries Service.


OBJECTIVE To investigate effect of paternal exposure to cyclophosphamide on epigenetic characteristics of DNA methylation and histone 3K23(H3K23) acetylation in mouse zygote and 2-cells embryo.METHODS A total of 20 male ICR mice of sexual maturity were po given cyclophosphamide 6 mg·kg-1 for 4 weeks.After mating with female mice,zygote at pronuclei stage and 2-cells embryo were obtained and fixed.With indirect immunofluorescence staining and laser scanning confocal microscope system,staining patterns and levels of DNA methylation and H3K23 acetylation were analyzed in mouse embryos.RESULTS Although DNA methylation staining patterns and levels of zygotes and 2-cells embryos were similar between cyclophosphamide-treated group and normal control group,micronuclei were found in 20% of 2-cell embryos in cyclophosphamide-treated group,which was significantly higher than 3% in normal control group(P0.01).Compared with normal control group,H3K23 acetylation levels in male pronuleus and 2-cells embryos in cyclophosphamide-treated group were obviously lower(P0.05),and the variances within groups were also higher,among them there are 58% zygotes and 44% of 2-cells embryos with visible faint staining.CONCLUSION Paternal exposure to cyclophosphamide of low dose in a long-term can induce abnormal H3K23 acetylation in part of zygotes and early embryos,and higher micronuclei occurrences in 2-cells embryos.


As the theory of the sustainable development has it′s faults, it makes this theory less offective in practice. On the basis of reflection on problems of the concept of the sustarnable development the relationship of the sustainable development and the externality and the ecological costs, we must clarify two problems. We can use Cose′s methods and Pigou′s methods to solve the present enviromental problems in the same generation and to the accumulation problems between the two generations. We should stress the institutional arrangment and policy guide and reduce the costs of ecology.


This article focuses on the eighth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for the global community, analysing its objectives and recommendations that are to be achieved by 2030 in the sectors of economic growth and employment. It is a critique of the SDG chosen, in light of the current economic system and its contradictions, taking into account the new factors of the decade, such as technology and the environmental crisis. Economic growth was present in every economic analysis in the past decade, but should it be the focus of the next? The current environmental concerns have forced the global community to rethink the way we look at economic growth and the system in general. The article will also explore the contradictions in employment and work while attempting to explain the problems of this sector. A special attention will be given to profit and the way it prevents the creation of decent jobs. The new possibilities of the green economy and the technological progress will be taken into account and developed. It will finish with a reflection on the economic system in general and the SDGs, while also proposing a solution to the problems of the next decades concerning the economic and employment sector.


High-resolution 3D optical imaging is important for unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) in the applications of target detection and recognition, underwater engineering, automatic navigation, scientific research, and natural resources exploration. Compared with stereo camera and 3D laser scanning imaging, 3D range-gated imaging (3D RGI) has longer detection range and higher spatial resolution at the same time. This paper presents a survey on 3D range-gated imaging methods for underwater detection. Up to now, there are two main methods developed, including time slicing method and gated range intensity correlation method. The literature about 3D RGI has been reviewed in different detection applications for UUV. We also introduce our works in 3D gated range-intensity correlation imaging for fishing net detection and marine life in-situ detection. This paper is beneficial for the 3D RGI technique in underwater detection applications for UUV.


The stem lodging resistance was investigated in 9 different height wheat varieties, the correlation between plant height and yield was also analyzed. The results showed that the lodging resistance of wheat variety was a compound of some subtraits, and the relationship was very close between the lodging resistance and the conditions of its life, the plant height, length of the 2nd inter nodes as well as the fresh weight of single stem mainly contributed the stem lodging index of wheat. There were significant correlation between the plant height, the length of 2nd basal internodes and stem lodging index respectively, the correlation between the fresh weight of single stem and stem lodging index was significant in some degree. When no stem lodging happened, the yield of wheat was positively correlated with the plant height. During the breeding for high yield and strong resistance to stem lodging wheat varieties, strong stem as a reliable and simple index should be paid more attention, selecting of higher individuals from dwarf populations or reverse also would benefit the increase of yield.


The stabilizer of N(2,2,0) algebras is studied.By using the stabilizer,congruence decomposition on N(2,2,0) algebras is obtained.The algebraic structure of the quotient algebra is obtained and also algebraic structure and some properties of a class of converse images under the natural homomorphism are obtained.


Abstract This essay conducts a reading of Jean-Luc Nancy's and Jacques Rancière's respective theorizations of the image. Using Nancy's notion of literary communism, I first show how he and Rancière conceive the image as a site of community's open writing and contestation. My reading then demonstrates how this "communism of the image" exposes Rancière's repetition of an ontological gesture that he has attempted to dismiss as Heideggerian.


Using orthogonal experiment,the storage conditions such as storage time,residual oxygen and temperature on β-acids content of hops SA-1,Nugget,Marco Polo and Tsingdao flower,were investigated.The results showed that the optimum storage conditions to keep their nutrition values were as follows:for Tsingdao flower,storing at 20℃ for 30 d with residual oxygen of 0.4%;for SA-1,storing at 20℃ for 90 d with residual oxygen of 0.2%;for Nugget,storing at 4℃ for 30 d with residual oxygen of 0.4%;for Marco Polo,storing at 20℃ for 30 d with residual oxygen of 0.2%.


Translucent MgAl2O4 was prepared by combustion synthesis melt-casting under high gravity. Compared with common gravitational condition, under high-gravity condition the separation between ceramic and metal melts was accelerated, and thus the content of residual Ni in MgAl2O4 ingot was reduced. By the incorporation of SiO2 or Si-Na-Ca-Mg-O glass additives, residual Ni was eliminated and single-phase MgAl2O4 was obtained. On the other hand, the incorporation of the additives was helpful to produce a more homogeneous microstructure.


The paradigm of service-orientation promises a significant ease of use in creating and managing distributed software systems. A very important aspect here is that also application domain experts and stakeholders, who are not necessarily skilled in computer programming, get a chance to create, analyze, and adapt distributed applications. However, up to now, service-oriented architectures have been mainly discussed in the context of complex business applications. In this paper we will investigate how to transfer the benefits of a service-oriented architecture into the field of embedded systems, so that this technology gets accessible to a much wider range of users. As an example, we will demonstrate this scheme for sensor network applications. In order to address the problem of limited device resources we will introduce a minimal operating system for such devices. It organizes all pieces of code running on a sensor node in a service-oriented fashion and also features the relocation of code to a different node at runtime. We will demonstrate that it is possible to design a sensor network application from a set of already existing services in a highly modular way by employing already existing technologies and standards.


It was presented an approach for selecting target dimension recognition based on target angle according to requirement of dimension recognition and echo signal features of submarine.The method combined the characteristics of azimuth tendency of effective dimension and spectrum bandwidth of phase fluctuation.The feasibility and validity of this approach were proven by an application to ballistic curve simulation of one type torpedo.


Two new quadrate spored species of Entoloma are described from Kerala, India based on morphological characters. Complete morphological descriptions along with photographs of habit and microstructures are provided. The new species are compared and discussed with morphologically similar species.


Indoor environmental chemistry, or indoor chemistry for short, utilizes the theory and methods of chemistry to study pollutant generation, transport, transformation, and fate indoors, and to find solutions to indoor environmental quality (IEQ) problems. In the past two decades, most attention has been given to indoor air and interfacial chemistry. Although these are key research areas of indoor environmental chemistry, the latter has a much wider scope, which also covers areas such as the presence and characteristics of chemicals and their precursors in buildings and other built environments, chemical reactions in contaminant sources, indoor combustion processes, chemistry associated with indoor air and surface cleaning, chemistry of building decontaminations, interactions of chemicals with occupants, and analytical chemistry specific to indoor environments (e.g. surface sampling methods). In this short article, we discuss the importance and research needs for one of these areas – the chemical reactions that take place in indoor sources.


Recent mass participation in risky financial investments has demonstrated a huge social change both in Taiwan and around the globe. Yet, sociological studies to better account for such financial investments are still limited. This paper reconsiders the concept of social capital and proposes that social capital can be deemed as an index of the capacity of professional information embedded in social relationships. Better social capital may enable the individual to acquire better and thus more valuable professional information that is often located in the networks of social hierarchy. Individuals equipped with better social capital may therefore be likely to activate such information for financial investments when rational self-interest utility is assumed. Statistical analysis on survey data from TSCS 2007 confirms this theoretical conjecture. Suggestions on research design and measurements from the perspective of social networks and social capital are provided.