I ended my lead-in to the paper by asking readers to view the strategy I analyzed as a strategy for fishing for information rather than one used for various additional indirect actions. I said that the instances of using the strategy for actions other than seeking information were underdeveloped; I did not analyze how the various forms of "my side" tellings would be understood as seeking an invitation or seeking a remedy to an offense. In contrast, my analysis of offering a report with limited access to the recipient's activity does explain how a recipient is prompted to provide further information. In the following two paragraphs, I make a distinction between the terminology "telling my side," characterizing it as badly underspecified for understanding how a variety of indirect actions are accomplished, and the terminology "reporting limited access to recipient's activity," characterizing it as nicely specified for understanding how such a report indirectly seeks information from the recipient....


With the publication of Marx's"Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844"in 1932,many scholars,according to the actual conditions of contemporary society,interprets Marxist theory of alienation and derives many of their own unique theory from it.The contemporary alienation theory and Marx's theory of alienation is not only inextricably linked,but also has a very clear distinction.From the perspectives of alienation theory under absolute poverty and relative poverty circumstances,the expansion of the connotation and extension of the concept of alienation,and development of comtemporary alienation theory,this paper discusses the differences between contemporary alienation theory and Marx's theory of alienation in details.Meanwhile,this paper also discusses the connection between the above two theories from the following three aspects: impact of Marx's theory on contemporary alienation theory,the common criticism on alienated labor from alienation theory in two periods of time,and the common criticism on commodity fetishism.


In this article, a method for two-dimensional scanning path planning based on robot is proposed. In this method, a section division algorithm based on neighborhood search method for scanning orientation determination is firstly produced. The scanning paths which meet constraints of the system are then generated. Finally, the experiment is carried out on robot-based scanning platform. The two-dimensional data from scanner and the robot position are combined to form three-dimensional surface data of measured workpiece. The experiment results verify the effectiveness of proposed method.


In this letter we describe novel, preliminary work, examining a possible mechanism of the Gene-environment interactions thought to moderate the response of individuals to stressful life events. The molecular mechanisms through which this moderation may be accomplished are currently unknown but some have suggested DNA methylation (Lui and others, 1997; McGowan and others 2009). In order to test this hypothesis, we analyzed the relationship of child abuse to methylation of cytosine residues in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene in DNA from 96 male and 96 female subjects from the Iowa Adoptee Studies using a principal components analysis. The results from this preliminary work suggest a lasting effect of child abuse on overall methylation levels in both males and females.


Robots are common in fictional stories of space exploration. They provide the means to operate in extreme environments, the endurance to survive harsh conditions, and, of course, they personify intelligence and autonomy of all sorts. Increasingly robotic systems are the focus of nonfictional accounts of exploration. Rovers on Mars seem more capable than anyone ever imagined, surviving years longer than expected, traveling tens of kilometers, and making one remarkable discovery after another. The hundreds of spacecraft that orbit the Earth, Moon, and other planets are highly complex robots by any definition. With startling acuity they peer down at the surface below, or occasionally the sky above, to observe minute detail while dynamically pointing, stabilizing, and tracking through space. The International Space Station has been roboticized from its early assembly but it now has a highly dexterous multiarm manipulator on its exterior and an anthropomorphic robot assistant in the interior. It seems that the space robots of science fiction have arrived. This is the third special issue on space robotics published by the Journal of Field Robotics. Our previous issues in January-March 2007 and March-April 2009 documented the increasing significance of robotics technologies in space. Since the last special issue appeared there have been a number of notable achievements that highlight robotics. In January 2009, as our last special issue was in press, the highly mobile Space Exploration Vehicle participated in the American presidential inauguration. Bringing up the rear of the parade, it demonstrated its unique maneuverability by performing a pirouette in front of dignitaries as astronauts waved. By 2010, the next-generation Centaur robot incorporated an anthropomorpic Robonaut as well as excavation tools intended for lunar operation. Japan's Hayabusa probe returned to Earth on June 2010 with particles collected from the asteroid Itokawa. Hayabusa was launched in 2003, reached the asteroid in 2005, and made two touchdowns on it. The spacecraft lost contact with Earth for seven weeks making it truly autonomous before returning safely to Earth. China has begun an ambitious program of lunar exploration, which continued with the launch of the satellite Chang'e 2 in October 2010. Orbiting the moon and dipping to under 20 km above the surface, it captured highresolution images of the lunar surface and performed tests for future Chang'e probes to land on the moon. It then traveled on the L2 Lagrange point where it is orbiting today. In October 2011, a Robonaut2 robot arrived at the international space station taking up permanent residence in the interior space and operated by humans on Earth to act as a science and technical assistant to the crew. In November 2011, the Chinese space program, in a milestone for robot cooperation, successfully docked two robotic spacecraft in low Earth orbit. The spacecraft Shenzhou 8 and Tiangong 1 tested technologies that can be used assemble space structures in orbit. Also in November, the United States launched the Mars Science Laboratory mission to Mars. The mission will deliver the Curiosity rover to Gale Crater in August 2012, lowering it directly onto its wheels from a hovering lander, all autonomously. The robot will spend years examining whether Gale Crater is, or ever was, capable of supporting microbial life. There have been many difficulties and failures along the way but these successes point to a future in which robotics is the means by which we explore space. This special issue of the journal appears in two parts, the first in May/June 2012 focuses on work on surface mobility and navigation, and the second in July/August 2012 assembles diverse articles on orbital navigation, system configuration, and operations. The article by Ruel et al. presents results from the first two Space Shuttle test flights of the TriDAR vision system, which was developed as a proximity operations sensor for autonomous rendezvous and docking (AR&D) missions to non-cooperative targets in space. The system does not require the use of cooperative markers on the target spacecraft, but uses knowledge about the shape of the target spacecraft along with successive 3D point clouds from a 3D scanner. During the test flights, TriDAR successfully acquired and tracked the ISS in real time, providing state vectors and closing rate information to the Space Shuttle crew. Stoll et al., report on SPHERES. These robotic, freeflying satellites that have been deployed inside the International Space Station and controlled by the astronauts on-board. Using visual and haptic feedback the satellites have been used in a variety of experiments to test and understand human-machine interaction under zero-gravity conditions. This provides insight into the difficulties of maintaining awareness of position and orientation but also the benefits of multiple satellites and automated collision avoidance. The aim is to have satellites perform routine inspection tasks on the ISS.


In Greek Tragedy, adjectives derived from a prepositional phrase ("prepositional governing compounds", or "hypostases") are sometimes associated with a genitival complement, which is in fact linked with the substantive forming the second part of the adjective, as shown in the detailed study of several passages where this construction appears. This rare and as yet unexplained turn of phrase exemplifies what Cl. Hagege has described, in the case of other languages, under the name of "syntactical peninsulas"; its receivability depends both on the languages and on the different speakers of one language. A precise analysis of the syntactical function of these adjectival hypostases, in connection with the usually called "predicative use", explains why this turn of phrase, besides its poetic nature, is mainly represented by hypostases. When they are at the first stage of changing from prepositional phrase to adjective, they may already bear the formal characteristics of adjectives, but not yet their semantic properties.


The article studies the precise algorithm for the computer relay protective testing device with frequency、phase and magnitude changed based on the PC104,and the principle and software flow chart on the testing instrument of relay protection are given.


In the early 1990s literature's sphere of influence in Russian society underwent changes so abrupt that to this day, because of the lag time built into public perceptions, those changes are seen as catastrophic.1 In the cultures of North America and Western Europe, the same process came about gradually and with a lot less trauma. Literature became established as a value of the highest order (a term coined by Jean-Paul Sartre that has been repeated approvingly, with only minor modifications, by numerous scholars) in the mid-nineteenth century and lost its central position in American and European culture about a century later. In Russia, however, that position was preserved for several more decades, partly because Russian literature had been forced to exist outside the global context.


In a group of driven tool holders, all components of the group have an identical basic unit (10). An attachment (12) is added to the basic unit (10) of each component part. The attachment (12) differs from group component to group component. In particular, the attachments (12) of individual component parts differ mutually through the differing angular position of jaws (38) in relation to the axis of an input shaft (16, 18) of the basic unit concerned.


As the word Ayurveda is made up of two Sanskrit words Ayuh (life) and Veda (knowledge), it can be defined as an anc ient Indian health care system, comprising both practice and theory, and devoted to a systematized quest for a long, healthy, vigorous and happy life 2 . It comprises two distinct traditions: botanical and the metallurgical ("rasa"). The botanical is th e older during the period of carak,sushrut and vagbhat. The metallurgical with emphasis on mercury is further studied and made more popular by Nagarjuna. Gradually Ayurveda emerged as a widely respected healing system in India. In 1500 B.C., Ayurveda got bifurcated into eight divisions of medicine. It developed under two


Because of the ever-increasing market competition and rapidly changing of customers' requirements, the innovation quality and design efficiency of knowledge-intensive product has become the key fac...


A quench protection concept based on coupled secondary coils is studied for inductively transferring energy out of a quenching superconducting dipole and thus limiting the peak hotspot temperature. So-called 'quench absorption coils' are placed in close proximity to the superconducting coils and are connected in series with a diode for the purpose of preventing current transformation during regular operation. During a quench, current is then transformed into the quench absorption coils so that a significant fraction of the stored magnetic energy is dissipated in the these coils. Numerical calculations are performed to determine the impact of such a concept and to evaluate the dimensions of the quench absorption coils needed to obtain significant benefits. A previously constructed 15 T Nb3Sn block coil is taken as a reference layout. Finite-element calculations are used to determine the combined inductive and thermal response of this system and these calculations are validated with a numerical model using an adiabatic approximation. The calculation results indicate that during a quench the presence of the quench absorption coils reduces the energy dissipated in the superconducting coils by 45% and reduces the hotspot temperature by over 100 K. In addition, the peak resistive voltage over the superconducting coils is significantly reduced. This suggests that this concept may prove useful for magnet designs in which the hotspot temperature is a design driver.


One of the most often used approaches for approximating various matrix equation problems is the hyperpower family of iterative methods with arbitrary convergence order, whereas the zeroing neural network (ZNN) is a type of neural dynamics intended for handling time-varying problems. A family of ZNN models that correlate with the hyperpower iterative methods is defined on the basis of the analogy that was discovered. These models, known as higher-order ZNN models (HOZNN), can be used to find real symmetric solutions of time-varying algebraic Riccati equations. Furthermore, a noise-handling HOZNN (NHOZNN) class of dynamical systems is introduced. The traditional ZNN and HOZNN dynamic flows are compared theoretically and numerically.


In image processing, edge detection is an important venture. Fuzzy logic plays a vital role in image processing to deal with lacking in quality of an image or imprecise in nature. This present study contributes an authentic method of fuzzy edge detection through image segmentation. Gradient of the image is done by triangular norms to extract the information. Triangular norms (T norms) and triangular conorms (T conorms) are specialized in dealing uncertainty. Therefore triangular norms are chosen with minimum and maximum operators for the purpose of morphological operations. Also, mathematical properties of aggregation operator to represent the role of morphological operations using Triangular Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Yager Weighted Geometric (TIT2FYWG) and Triangular Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Yager Weighted Arithmetic (TIT2FYWA) operators are derived. These properties represent the components of image processing. Here Edge detection is done for DICOM image by converting into 2D gray scale image, using Type-2 fuzzy MATLAB and which is the novelty of this work.


Driver distraction behaviors are usually blind to autonomous vehicles (AVs), leading to probable late preparation for AVs to take emergency measures. Hence, this paper aims to build a bridge between AV control and driver behavior detection, to assist AVs to predict the potential risk and avoid abnormal drivers carefully like experienced drivers. Our main contributions of this paper consist: i) put forward a practicable system framework integrating driver distraction monitoring, vehicle-to-vehicle communication and AV velocity control; ii) provide a real-time driver distraction monitoring implementation building on convolutional neural network trained offline; iii) propose a method of longitude velocity control of AV considering the risk of driver distraction behavior based on model predictive control strategy. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of our work.


Conventional gas turbine rotor life prediction methodologies are based on nominal conditions that do not adequately account for material and manufacturing anomalies that can degrade the structural integrity of high-energy rotors. To account for these anomalies, the Rotor Integrity Subcommittee of the Aerospace Industries Association recommended adoption of a probabilistic damage tolerance approach to supplement the current safe-life methodology. The recommendation led to the development of a computer program called DARWIN that computes the probability of fracture as a function of flight cycles, considering random defect occurrence and location, random inspection schedules, and several other random variables. The probabilistic fatigue analysis methodology developed for DARWIN to address hard alpha material anomalies is presented. The capability of this computer program is demonstrated using several realistic rotor models provided by aircraft engine manufacturers. It is shown that the life approximation function and importance sampling methods significantly reduce computation time (nearly two orders of magnitude) compared to the Monte Carlo method. In addition, an optimal zone sampling strategy is presented that can minimize the total number of samples required to achieve e a a desired sampling accuracy result for a given confidence interval. This probabilistic methodology can be used to focus design efforts on variables that have the most influence on risk reduction.


ABSTRACT This article addresses crucial landmarks in the origins of the tradition of the Shakespeare sermon. First, it focuses on two significant dates: Garrick's 1769 Jubilee and 1810, when the relationship between Shakespeare, commemoration and sermonic discourse is first established. The composition of probably the earliest Shakespeare sermon took place in 1810. This sermon, which must be read as part of a campaign against Methodism, proves the flexibility of the homiletic genre at the time, which serves to support this article's argument that, according to nineteenth-century sermon genre conventions, the Reverend Arthur Savage Wade's speeches during the 1827 and 1830 Shakespeare celebrations in Stratford should be catalogued as the earliest recorded Stratford Shakespeare sermons. Wade's speeches–unexplored events in the critical history of the Shakespeare sermon tradition–deserve academic attention for three important reasons: Wade participated in the controversial debate within the Church of England at the time about the morality of the stage; his radicalism opposed the Reverend James Davenport's, Vicar of Holy Trinity, conservative stance during the 1827 Shakespeare celebrations; and in 1830 the preacher sacralised The Merchant of Venice to argue for religious liberties in the midst of the social debate about Jewish emancipation in England.


The high yield and high efficient culture technique and main cultivation points of intercropping of sugar cane and potato are introduced to better popularize the technique,promote the industrial structure adjustment and improve the comprehensive productivity.


In the process of conducting education in ideology and politics,the methods for education in ideology and politics are the means adopted by educators to instruct educatees in ideology and politics so as to attain the educational target and to impart relevant knowledge.Yan Family Instructions,a family education monograph with a tremendous and far-reaching impact in history,also contains many modern methods for education in ideology and politics and is worth studying and referring to.


Percolated liquid may contain several chemical substances with toxic characteristics, among them heavy metals from industrial sources, agricultural activities, laboratories, hospitals and residences. Metal contamination presents a wide array of toxicities, such as neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, teratogenic, carcinogenic or mutagenic effects. The objective of this work was to assess the levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in percolated liquid produced at the sanitary landfill in Paranavai. The samples were collected from September of 2006 to July of 2007, at four distinct places of the treatment lake. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer with a burner was used to detect the metals. The results were compared with the maximum allowed values for metal concentration present in Resolution 397/2008 – Conama (BRAZIL, 2008). It was verified that the level of analyzed metals, except of Pb, are all within the limits allowed by the environmental legislation.


Purpose: To estimate the translocation-induction rate under chronic exposure conditions by measuring chromosome aberration frequencies in lymphocytes from Mayak nuclear workers using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Materials and methods: Lymphocytes were examined from 27 nuclear workers at the Mayak Production Association and two control individuals using FISH with probes for chromosomes 1, 2 and 4. Official doses derived from worker film-badge records varied from 0 to 8.50 Gy. Results: The mean (- SD) genome-equivalent translocation frequency (F G) was 2.30 (- 0.75)% in the zero-dose group (n = 7), and Poisson regression analysis provided the best-fit equation of F G (%) = 2.96 (- 0.39) + 0.69 (- 0.14) D + 0.12 (- 0.05) A, where D is the film-badge-derived dose (Gy), and A is age centred at 67 years. The induction rate would increase to nearly 1% Gy -1 if the radiation dose to bone marrow, one of the major organs for lymphocytes and where their precursor cells reside, is considered. Conclusion: The estimated induction rate in vivo appeared substantially smaller than linear coefficients estimated from various in vitro studies.


Soil shear strength is an important physical performance of rock and soil, so the soil shear strength measurements play an important role in monitoring and prevention for landslide hazard point. In order to achieve on-site monitoring of landslide hazard points, this article presents a device for field measurement on soil shear strength, The device consists of cross board, torque sensor, stepper motor, single-chip hardware circuit and other components. When measuring,the single chip microcomputer (SCM) control stepper motor to drive the cross board sheared in the soil, through the coaxial plate shear force torque sensor on the cross board to measure the torque signal ,then the torque signals are transmitted to SCM, the SCM for data processing to calculate the soil shear strength.


In the 18thcentury and shortly within decades,private gardens in Yangzhou northern suburb transformed to places of interests open to citizens,and these places became interconnected as continuous scenic sites.Xiao Garden,located at the turning point of Baozhang River,was the start and the most typical case of this transformation.Based upon historical graphics and texts,this paper revives the process of the change and analyzes the patterns of change.The paper finds that new ways of sight-seeing influenced the construction focus and spatial structure of Xiao Garden,driving the transformation from private gardens to public places of interests.


Summary This paper sketches the key dimensions of two powerful regional innovation systems, the Bonwol Siwha Industrial Cluster in Gyeonggi Province in South Korea and Baden‐Wuerttemberg in Germany. Previous governments in Korea had not paid much attention to empowerment and capacity building at the regional level, resulting in severe imbalances in regional innovation readiness and propensity. To address these deficits, the government in 2005 enacted a new cluster strategy across seven industrial sites. The Bonwol Siwha National Industrial Cluster is the one located in Gyeonggi Province, one of Korea's top three regional innovation systems. This cluster, now specializing in advanced materials and components, is home to 3,000 companies and over 100,000 employees. It is now presented with the challenge of transforming itself into a high‐tech industrial cluster similar to Baden‐Wuerttemberg. This upgrading presents a considerable policy challenge, especially to the cluster itself and the regional government. The main obstacles on this path are the lack of any major company and a recognized research university, misalignment of conceptions between SMEs and universities, and a lack of competition among the national industrial clusters.


The chemical ecology of Neopetrosia chaliniformis has never been studied before. A study on the extract of the
Indonesian marine sponge N. chaliniformis for the ichthyotoxicity including its teratogenic effect against zebrafish
(Danio rerio) embryos led to the identification of oxaquinolizidine alkaloids araguspongines C (1) and D (2). Their
structure and conformation were determined on the basis of spectroscopic method and molecular modeling analysis.
The ichthyotoxicity araguspongines fraction against zebrafish embryos showed LC50 4.3 µg/ml (death, 48-hours post
fertilization (hpf)) and 3.6 µg/ml (death, 72 hpf) as well as observation of its teratogenic effects including death,
coagulation egg, tail, notochord, heart malformation, and yolk-sac edema at 24, 48, and 72 hpf. Because 76% cell
death malformations in zebrafish embryos was observed, araguspongine rich fraction may serve as antimitotic-like
drug in the treatment of cancer.


Farmers of the Karen ethnic group who live in Huai Tee Cha village, Mae Hong Son province in northern Thailand, still practice the rotational shifting cultivation or swidden agriculture system for food and some cash crops. This study investigated the association of upland rice (Oryza sativa cv. Bue Bang), other food crops (Job's tears (Coix lachryma-jobi), corn (Zea mays), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)) and pada (Macaranga denticulata) with AM fungi in farmers' fi elds. Soils in the farmers' fi elds were mildly acidic to neutral (pH 5.2 to 7.0) and showed diversity in P status (6.8-271 mg kg -1 mg kg -1 mg kg soil, Bray II) but not in N (0.29-0.35% total N) or K (103-130 mg kg -1 soil, Bray II) but not in N (0.29-0.35% total N) or K (103-130 mg kg -1 soil, Bray II) but not in N (0.29-0.35% total N) or K (103-130 mg kg ). -1 ). -1 The roots of all plants investigated were colonized by AM fungi with upland rice and corn the most infected (≥ 90%), followed by Job's tears (75%), then sorghum (50%) and sesame (45%). Rhizosphere spore density ranged from 160 spores 100 g-1 soil for pada and sorghum, to 120 for sesame and half of this in Job's tears, corn and upland rice. This study suggests that swidden crops in northern Thailand have a strong relationship with indigenous AM fungi.


This paper analyzes the present situation, the characteristics and the tendency of railway package express transportation ( RPET ). It takes other traffic transportation ways' successful experiences in agency system as references and studies the railway Dealership of Package Express Transportation. Services and scope of agency operations . It finally presents railway station package Transport Agency (PTA) as an example to analyze agency operation current management and management mode. Combined with the developing requirements of whole RPET management information system for the railway ministry, the paper discusses also the PTA service operation in the future, agency business to open an extensive service for the society. PTA organization. PTA members and its equipment, and PTA management etc. It puts forward the management mode based on the RPET management information system.


Purification and function of blood Plg. Act. have not been studied sufficiently. Therefore, we evaluated the separation of blood Plg. Act. using by chromatography of hydroxyapatite (H-AP). H-AP varies in each characteristics according to the size and the degree of production by heat and large particle of H-AP calcined by 1200°C are selected for the open column.Blood Plg. Act. are adsorbed on H-AP column smoosely from human plasma instead of activation of coagulation and kallikrein system. Plg. Act. was eluted out by 0.05M phosphate buffer containing 0.2M Argine and 0.3M Nacl. H-AP column adsorbed blood Plg. Act. more effective than Fibrin Celite column or Lysine Sepharose column.This method is considered an effective application in the separation and purification of blood Plg. Act. as an affinity column.


The present study examines whether exposure to public opinion polls leads to attitude formation and change, depending on individuals motivation and ability. This study also identifies the contingent con¬ditions under which individuals are more or less likely to be influ¬enced by poll results. In this study, it is expected that an individual's motivation (e. g., strength of candidate preference) and ability (e. g., knowledge about poll concepts) are related to the extent to which the individual is influenced by public opinion polls. In this study, a unique data set was used for the secondary analysis. The data were collected by the Survey Lab at Northwestern University, utilizing a two-wave panel survey during the 1988 election campaigns. In this survey, an experimental variation was employed during the pre-election interview, providing a unique opportunity to test the impact of polls on attitude change in a non-laboratory setting. For a random half of those interviewed, interviewers first told the respondent which presidential candidate was leading in the most recent polls being reported by the news media and then asked the respondent for whom he or she would vote. For the other random half, interviewers simply asked about voting intentions without mentioning recent poll results. The results at the aggregate level indicated that there was no significant difference in the gross effect of experimental stimulus between the control and experimental group. Since it was possible that the insignificant role of the experimental stimulus could be due to the two countervailing effects - bandwagon and underdog effects¬occurring at the same time. additional analyses were conducted. To disentangle the simultaneous occurrences of the bandwagon/underdog effect, respondents attitude changes within the experimental group was examined using discriminant analysis. Based on the results of discriminant analysis, comparisons were made between the predicted voting intention and the actual voting intention for respondents in the experimental condition. The statistical significance of the difference in two percentages was measured by conducting a nonparametric bi¬nomial test. The results showed that the magnitude of the bandwag¬on effect was greater than the underdog effect. As a next step, further analyses were conducted to examine the role of ability and motivation as moderators. All respondents in the experimental condition were divided into strong supporters vs, weak/moderate supporters depending on their attitude strengths toward their candidate of choice, and into knowledgeable and not know1¬edgeable groups depending on whether they had answered questions on the concept of margin of error correctly. The analysis results indicate that individuals attitudes toward candidates can be influenced by public opinion polls reported in the mass media. Individuals level of commitment for a candidate was a significant factor determining the extent to which they are influenced by poll results. The results illustrate that respondents levels of know1¬edge about polling methodology do not make much difference in the extent they are influenced by poll information.


Mr. Divyesh Kumar Research Scholar, Department of Studies in Research and Business Administration, Tumkur University, Tumkur – 572 103. ABSTRACT Being competitive and seamless service delivery is the new norm of business, Business organizations are effectively using the technology disruptions and advancements for achieving competitiveness. Through the adoption of Intelligent Automation with integrated Artificial Intelligence, strategic decision makers are winning new deals. The Indian BPO sector is heading from mere lift and shift of back end services to business transformation and digital value creation to their clients. The disruption in the technology advancements is benefiting businesses not only in increasing productivity but also is opening up, new business avenues as RPA & AI service providers. This paper attempts to give an insight on AI and RPA as a business enabler, highlighting various benefits of its implementation and also the recent developments in RPA Markets. An attempt is also made to identify the impact of RPA & AI on Finance and Accounting Services.


To overcome the shortcomings of single diagnosis method,a combined fault diagnosis approach based on principle component analysis (PCA) and neural network (NN) is presented.The approach use PCA to monitor radar state and identify fault location by variable contributions. At last,neural network is utilized for fault diagnosis. Case study of the proposed method is presented for radar,and the feasibility of method is analyzed.


In a program directed toward the optimization of the process chemistry of the STR hydrofluoric acid method of reprocessing zirconium-uranium alloy fuels, it was shown that the process can be modified to dissolve homogeneously fuels of higher uranium content by either hydrogen peroxide oxidation or dilution of the dissolver solution. Rate of corrosion of Monel was acceptable with both methods of dissolution. Phase and stability studies of the solvent extraction feed and waste solutions indicated that higher concentrations of zirconium and uranium could be used in the process streams. Metastable solutions were obtained when the currently used STR raffinate solutions were evaporated. This operation was not favored for flowsheet use. The batch and continuous dissolution and solvent extraction flowsheets are given embodying the principal results of this study. (auth)


1. Extinction and recovery of superconductivity by interference in superconductor/ferromagnet bilayers.- 2. Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in small diameter Bi nanowires.- 3. Point-contact study of the superconducting gap in the magnetic rare-earth nickel-borocarbide RNi2B2C (R=Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) compounds.- 4. Peculiarities of supershort light pulses transmission by thin semiconductor film in exciton range of spectrum.- 5. Nanostructuring and dissolution of cementite in pearlitic steels during severe plastic deformation.- 6. Advanced method for gas-cleaning from sub-micron and nanosize aerosol.- 7. Deformation mcrostructures near vickers indentations in SnO2/Si coated systems.- 8. Grain boundary phase transformations in nanostructured conducting oxides.- 9. Copper electrodeposition from ultra-thin layer of electrolyte.- 10. Effect of plasma environment on synthesis of vertically-aligned carbon nanofibers in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.- 11. Single-atom transistors: switching an electrical current with individual atoms.- 12. Electronically tunable nanostructures: metals and conducting oxides.- 13. Impedance Spectroscopy as a powerful tool for better understanding and controlling the pore growth mechanism in semiconductors.- 14. Studying functional electrode structures with combined scanning probe techniques.- 15. Integrated lab-on-a-chip system in life sciences.- 16. Integrated lab-on-a-chip system in life sciences.


- BACKGROUND: Few studies provide insight into risk factors (RFs) associated with postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) following elective spinal surgery. DVTs are detrimental in this population because of the risk of pulmonary embolization or surgical site hemorrhage with treatment. - OBJECTIVE: Elective spine surgery patients have a low incidence of DVT, thus a case e control study was selected to investigate RFs associated with postoperative, symptomatic DVT. - METHODS: Cases were matched to controls in a 1:2 ratio based on surgery type. Risk of having a prior DVT and choice of subcutaneous heparin dosing following surgery was analyzed in a multivariate regression model with other potentially confounding variables. - RESULTS: A total of 195 patients were included in this study. Independent of patient age, history of DVT was associated with postoperative symptomatic DVT (odds ratio [OR], 4.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22 e 13.78). Two versus 3 times daily postoperative heparin dosing (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 0.32 e 7.56), surgery length (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.98 e 1.79), and patient age (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.0 e 1.08) were not statistically significant, independent RFs. Older age and longer length of surgery trended toward association with DVT without reaching significance. Length of stay was increased from 3 e 5 days ( P < 0.001) in DVT patients compared with controls. - CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that patients with a history of DVT undergoing elective spinal surgery are at higher risk of developing symptomatic DVT postoperatively resulting in significantly increased length of stay. Further studies on additional preoperative screening and medical optimization in elective spine


The area of Mukunashi in Zambia is one where capitalist production relations have been but minimally introduced, but where patterns of exchange have increasingly taken a monetary form. Crehan is concerned to investigate the implications of such economic changes as have occurred for the position and role of women. In common with similar situations elsewhere, she finds that new capitalist farming units when introduced are invariably run by men who in turn appropriate any surplus accruing. Women continue to be primarily responsible for supplying family food requirements, and the burden of 'female' tasks as regards both time and energy prevents them moving into cash generating activities, save in the case of beer brewing. The latter is an exception largely because the operations it involves are capable of being accommodated into women's normal routine. But while women are able to earn some cash through their efforts, it is hardly sufficient to give them any economic independence.


This chapter reflects on the ability of PAN (Protected Area Network) Parks to deliver the expected benefits of certification to both national parks and stakeholder tourism businesses in Europe. The anticipated benefits included an improvement of the product through better management and an increased volume of business from certification branding and marketing. It is indicated that while both certified and applicant PAN parks report a range of benefits, there is an equally long list of challenges and costs that parks face both to behave in a more sustainable way and to prove this to PAN Parks for verification purposes. The chapter discusses the feasibility of providing benefits through working towards meeting the criteria and verification requirements.


In the midst of so many uncertainties linked to the role of e-banking in the future scenario of the financial industry, one of the few certainties can be found in the thesis that defines the offer of online banking services as one of the most important factors of change in the ways of "doing banking". The wide range of risks and opportunities that arise from the offer of financial services via the web requires careful consideration of the new strategic options available to the banking intermediaries. After observing and analysing the current dynamics, it appears that no successful models have yet been confirmed and adaptive strategies and a learning approach to the market have often been used. The context that is being defined seems to alleviate the much-feared risks of marginalisation of the traditional banks and, at least in the short-term, shows the success of strategies aimed at exploiting the use of both physical and virtual distribution channels.


At a 1987 colloquium at the Freie Universittit in West Berlin, Heiner Milller was asked to name the authors other than Brecht whom he considered significant influences. His polite response "I'm sorry, but I have few influences" drew first a laugh and then embarrassed silence from the audience of mostly professors and graduate students. Clearly, many found it difficult to take him at his word, but he was speaking the literal truth. Aside from Brecht, MUiller had no literary "fathers." The remainder of his massive and virtuosically wielded stockpile of sources was drawn from spiritual "brethren" with whom he momentarily affiliated himself and then discarded annihilated, as it were, like the numerous warring brothers in his narratives. He used and cited them partly because they were, in an essential, character-building sense, dead to him; for only then could they serve as the sort of whimsically manipulable ghosts his mature texts required. As he once told Sylvere Lotringer: "To know [the dead], you have to eat them. And then you spit out the living particles... [Reading is] an absolute luxury. Eating literature is faster."I I know of no exception to this whimsical attitude, no ghostly literary figure whom Mtiller really "read" rather than "ate" after the 1970s, even though the body of published criticism on him suggests that many such exceptions existed (e.g., Shakespeare, Kleist, Wagner, Genet, Beckett, Kafka) and that Antonin Artaud was among the most important. Nearly every dissertation and book-length study on Mtiller contains a separate


Connectionist learning methods for distributed feedforward networks typically result in "catastrophic forgetting." That is, as new information is learned, old information is rapidly obliterated. This contrasts with the much more gradual forgetting observed in human memory, thus casting doubt on the cognitive plausibility of connectionist learning methods. It has been shown previously that paired neural networks that are "cross-trained" in a rather intricate manner can address this problem. Here, we show that a simpler single-network approach that makes use only of noise passing through the network can also significantly reduce catastrophic interference. We speculate that this kind of method might be involved in human learning.


The article presents a fictionalized case study about business management inspired by the study "Superstar Leaders," by Abhishnek Goel and Neharika Vohra. Topics include surveys analyzing employee satisfaction, managing high labor turnover rates, and work stress arising from superior-subordinate industrial relations.


The proportion of institutions specially, higher education institutions instigating working-from-home (WFH) or employing adaptable working arrangements has been increasing along with the novel Coronavirus COVID-19. Nevertheless, in India, WFH concept is minimally applied despite its benefits since lack of preparedness and readiness of institutions. WFH concept also engenders work and family constraints and challenges. Hence, this study investigates the potential benefits, changes, challenges and impact of WFH on work, family and health.


The authors comment upon the medium of mail art and its history, introducing the festival, which gathered 315 works produced by Canadian teenagers and artists. 6 bibl. ref.


The effects of cereal phenolic acids on cell cycle and proliferation in colon cancer cells using flow cytometry and the cDNA microarray technique


Accurate audio segmentation has recently received increasing attention for its applications in automatic indexing, content analysis and information retrieval. Hence, this paper proposes a highly accurate audio segmentation methodology using a genetic algorithm-based approach to adapting and optimizing segmentation window lengths. Specifically, this paper analyzes the parameter sequence of the root-mean-square values of an input audio stream with optimal sliding window (or segmentation window) lengths found and adapted by a genetic algorithm. In addition, this paper determines whether an audio-cut occurs or not by utilizing the parameter sequences as inputs of a support vector machine. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach achieves 100.00% and 98.69% in the average precision and recall rates of segmentation performance, respectively.


The way satellite "dishes" handle incoming and outgoing radio waves has a major effect on the signal strength and interference levels we deal with when sending and receiving signals. The properties of dishes apply both to earthstations and antennas on the satellites. This chapter will consider how the mechanical properties of the dish control the ability of the antenna to transmit and receive radio waves. The following chapter will then deal with what happens electronically to the waves before and after they have bounced around the antenna structure itself.


According to the UNESCO reports, the health crisis caused by SARS-COV-2 affected more than 1.7 billion students from around 150 countries worldwide this past spring. Teachers at all levels of education were forced to switch to digital resources and tools and were required to transition and adapt promptly to remote teaching. This transition took place also within the Teacher Training Department at the West University of Timisoara. Teachers together with their students had to find pragmatic, technology-based, creative solutions that would allow them to carry out the remote teaching, learning and assessment activities at a level that would ensure the development of the desired skills and the achievement of the desired learning outcomes. This paper explores the way in which the teaching, learning, and assessment activities have been adapted for emergency remote teaching at the West University of Timisoara. We focus on the first and second levels of the Teacher Training Program offered to future science teachers at this university. We present the adopted strategies, communication tools, and the applications used to deliver the proposed teaching, learning, and assessment activities. Furthermore, we identify the most common technological and pedagogical difficulties encountered throughout these activities, as well as the future science teachers' concerns regarding the transition to remote teaching. Revista de Pedagogie Journal of Pedagogy, 2020 (2), 7 – 30 https://doi.org/10.26755/RevPed/2020.2/7 * Senior Lecturer, West University of Timişoara, Teacher Training Department, Timişoara, Romania. Revista de Pedagogie/ Journal of Pedagogy • 2020 (2) • LXVIII 7


In recent years, nanba walking has attracted attention in the sports world. Nanba walking is actually used for athletes with having good records, particularly Nordic skiers. This study investigated characteristics of normal walking and nanba walking using 3D motion analysis equipment and floor reaction force meters to compare data of joint moments, coordinate values and the floor reaction forces. We used some experiments to confirm features of nanba walking characteristics compared with those of normal walking.


This article examines the notion of authenticity as applied in folktale collector A.A. Jaarsa's endeavour to write down narratives fromt the oral tradition of ordinary folk in his home region of the Frisian Wâlden in the north of the Netherlands. Jaarsma was instructed by J.J. Voskuil, head of the Bureau of Ethnology at the Meertens Institute in Amsterdam, to collect authentic folktales. What did 'authenticity' mean according to fieldworker Jaarsma and ethnologist Voskuil, and just how (un)problematic is this notion?


Objectives The use of thin skin flaps in the reconstruction of postburn cervical contractures associated with functional impacts. Material and Methods We conducted a descriptive observational study on about five patients who had reconstruction of postburn cervical contractures using various thin skin flaps in a plastic surgery department. The follow-up period was ranged from 12 to 18 months. We determined the characteristics of the retraction according to the Vandenbussche classification, the indications of the flaps, and the functional and aesthetic results. Results Most of our patients were young adults presenting segmental retraction of the neck associated with moderate functional impact. The occipito-cervico-dorsal flap was used in three cases. The occipito-cervico-shoulder flap was used in two cases. The aesthetic and functional results were satisfactory for all patients, but a "neck-collar" aspect of the cervical-chin angle was noticed. Conclusion Postburn cervical contractures remain frequent. Their reconstruction is a difficult process as it is ideally done with a skin similar to the original one. The use of thin skin flaps seems to be an excellent option.


The aim of this research is to study of the relationship between written content and images as two main elements of the textbooks. The descriptive research was used in this study associated relational content analysis for educational media. The statistical society is textbooks of family management course. The result showed %80 of mages completely related to written content, 1 . بونج نارهت دحاو ـ يملاسا دازآ هاگشناد رايداتسا


Nowadays, natural dyes plays an important role in the textile industry because the needs of replacement synthetic
dyes which have a lots of conflict with the environmental issues. This means that the development of natural dyes will give benefits to all sides because users friendly for dyeing industry. The study seeks to explore and capture some natural plants from which dyes can be extracted. The scope is to optimize the extraction of each colour natural dyes from the natural sources. Determination of optimum parameters for extraction of natural dye are temperature, solid liquid ratio and time with one factor
at one time (OFAT) followed with an optimization by response surface method (RSM) by utilizing Design Expert V8.0.6. In this research, turmeric will be used as the source of natural dye. The pigment that is contained in turmeric called curcumin. The absorption of curcumin increases with increase of extraction temperature and reaches a maximum value at 60 °C. The extraction
time for curcumin reached equilibrium at minutes 25 while the solid liquid ratio on extraction of turmeric found to be 1:10 then it reached equilibrium


Limonologycal aspects of fishponds for intensive tench (Tinca tinca) production Tench is considered a slow growing species in comparison with other ciprinids, even though high zooplancton densities in intensive farms significantly improve juvenile growth. In order to better study the which factors are important on trench production under semi-intensive conditions, an experiment was carried out, in nine triplicates pools combining different fertilizers (natural manure or nitrates) (3 inorganic pools, 3 organic pools and 3 control pools). From July to September 2003, fortnightly samples were taken from physical-chemical and zooplankton to test the effect of the experimental conditions over those variables. From the study, a total of 57 taxa were identified: 6 copepoda, 18 cladocerans and 33 rotifers. Total zooplankton abundance was higher in the fertilized treatments than in the control, the differences being significant in the inorganic treatment, which indicates a positive effect of the increment in the nutrient load over the zooplanktic communities. Even though no significant differences were observed among inorganic and organic fertilizers, the biomass was slightly superior in the inorganic treatment. The faunistic composition in both treatments was similar. The zooplankton community was dominated by rotifers, small cladocerans, and nauplii the latter being an important fraction of the community.


implications of Rheumatic Disease and Biological Response-Modifying Agents in Plastic Surgery Sir: W read with great interest the article by Tsai and Borah entitled "Implications of Rheumatic Disease and Biological Response-Modifying Agents in Plastic Surgery" published in the December issue of the Journal.1 The authors provide an overview about studies dealing with patients affected by rheumatic disease, almost all undergoing orthopedic surgery. Their review of the literature and recommendations of national and international rheumatologic associations reveals that the perioperative management of biological response-modifying agents is the key point in preventing complications such as infection, wound healing delays, and disease flare in rheumatic patients undergoing surgery. However, no studies dealing with plastic surgery procedures were identified. Moreover, we believe that when we consider the implications of rheumatic diseases in plastic surgery, we should also take into consideration the great increasing potential shown by plastic surgery in treating these pathologic conditions. Indeed, recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of autologous fat grafting in tempering tissue fibrosis and skin lesion evolution in autoimmune diseases.2–5 This has mostly been explained with the regeneration potential expressed by adipose-derived stem cells and has been investigated for the treatment of microvascular lesions and progressive skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis and localized scleroderma. In the December issue of Annals of Rheumatic Disease, Granel et al.2 reported their results on 12 patients affected by systemic sclerosis digital ulcers treated with local injections of stromal vascular fraction obtained from lipoaspirates. The authors injected 0.5 ml of stromal vascular fraction into the subcutaneous tissue of each lateral side of each digit in contact with the neurovascular pedicles, using a 25-gauge reinforced blunt cannula. A statistically significant improvement of hand disability and pain, Raynaud phenomenon, finger edema, and quality of life, measured with numerous parameters, and a reduction of the number of digital ulcers were observed after a follow-up of 6 months, leading the authors to conclude that autologous stromal vascular fraction injection can counterbalance the various physiopathogenic factors involved in systemic sclerosis disease. Del Papa et al. treated systemic sclerosis skin lesions with the Coleman fat grafting technique.3,4 The authors reported increased elasticity in perioral sclerosis, with improvement in mouth opening and local neoangiogenesis.3 In a second open therapeutic trial on 15 patients, the same group reported fast healing of longstanding indolent digital ulcers and significant reduction of pain intensity after a few weeks. A significantly increased number of capillaries was observed after 3 and 6 months at nail-fold videocapillaroscopic assessment, with reduction of digit artery resistivity. Finally, Scuderi et al. treated six patients affected by localized scleroderma (linear and plaque scleroderma, generalized morphea).5 All of the patients were treated locally with in vitro expanded autologous adipose-derived stem cells obtained from lipoaspirates and transplanted into a scaffold of hyaluronic acid. Favorable outcome with improvement in wellness of the skin was observed at clinical examination. After 1-year follow-up, all patients showed arrest of local disease progression; four had regression of dyschromia, five had increased skin softening, four had better sensitivity, and one had erythema reduction. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000002312


This study aimed to evaluate the use of tranexamic acid in craniomaxillofacial surgery by meta-analysis. A comprehensive search was performed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) mainly in 3 electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) before August 2022. We collected and managed data for weighted mean difference of intraoperative blood loss, transfusion requirement, and operation time for the study. A total of 13 randomized controlled trials were included in the analysis. Compared with the control group, the tranexamic acid group showed a reduction in intraoperative blood loss of 198.67 ml (95% CI: −258.84 to −138.50 ml, P<0.00001), with blood transfusion requirement decreased by 7.77 ml/kg (95% CI: −10.80 to −4.73, P<0.0001) and less operation time (weighted mean difference= −10.39 min; 95% CI: −16.49 to −4.30 min, P=0.0008).


The major advantages of 5G networks for eHealth use cases are the low latency transmission and network slicing. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of using 5G to enhance remote mobile ultrasound. We demonstrate a medical use case to show how eHealth applications can be enhanced with 5G radio technology and network slicing. By using a flexible, reconfigurable test-bed, we examine the benefits of ultra low latency communications (URLLC) and slicing in a real world field test. This field test not only shows the advantages, but also reveals additional requirements of using 5G for eHealth sector. Our field test examines the impact of communication latency and slicing for performance evaluations. The reported results validate the feasibility of using 5G technology for eHealth applications. Meanwhile, comprehensive evaluations give the first impression of how 5G-enhanced eHealth applications perform in the real world scenario.


This contribution classifies audiences into consumers, fans, cultists and enthusiasts and petty producers. It is derived from Abercrombie and Longhurst (1998) Audiences: A Sociological Theory of Performance and Imagination, London: sage.


2. APPLICANT DETAILS (The Applicant is the person responsible for payment of CAA charges) a) A Company Registered Company Name (in full): ....................................................................................................................................................... Registered Company Number: ............................................................................................................................................................... Country of Company Registration: ............................................................ Registered Office Address: .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................. Postcode: .................................... Telephone: ................................................................................ Fax: ................................................................................................ E-mail: ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... Trading Name: (if applicable) ................................................................................................................................................................... Trading Address (primary site): ............................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................. Postcode: ..................................... Website address: .................................................................................................................................................................................... Authorised Representative of Company This application is to be signed by either a Director or Company Secretary or a person authorised by the Board to act on behalf of the Company. Title: ................... Forename: ............................................................... Surname: ...................................................................... Position in Company: .............................................................................................................................................................................. Telephone No: ............................................. E-mail: ........................................................................................................................... If you are a not a Director or Company Secretary and have been authorised to sign the application form on behalf of the Company, proof of that authority must be provided with the completed application form. This application will be considered in respect of and, if appropriate, granted to, the Company Name as registered under the Company Number provided on this form.


Background: Claims-based models have been developed to predict 30-day mortality after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, yet few models are available for predicting 1-year post-stroke mortality among...


The article reveals the aspects of the interaction between sectoral students labour exchange of the college and the bodies of state and executive power. The major directions of joint activities are presented in details.


The purpose of this research was to determine the perceived effects of run ning jogging on a regular basis. A mail-out structured questionnaire was sent to 984 members of three running clubs. The 454 regular runners who responded perceived changes relative to physical, emotional, and attitudinal factors. There was the perception of an increase in physical well-being, an increase in emotional well-being, a reduction in number of illnessess, an increase in criticism of those who are non-runners and those who are physically out-of-shape. The results varied when age, education, average miles of running per week, average hours of running per week, and average number of years of running were controlled. Age was positively associated with emotional improvement. Criticism of non-runners and the physically out-of-shape was correlated positively with number of miles and number of hours of running. However, the number of years of running produced an inverse relationship with criticism. These findings support some of the popular and scientific literature and contribute to the sociological concept of "social group".


I began my residency at ZKM with a live performance at a festival in Kubus, celebrating EMS 50 years, also a EBU Ars acoustica broadcast (06.03.2014)
The sound sources I used at the performance consisted of very simple home made instruments, my Max/MSP patches and some hardware processing devices.
I decided to use the same sound sources, while learning about the Zirkonium software, which was the whole idea with the residency.
While I was waiting for the introduction of Zirkonium software, I experimented with arduino and simple sensors and recorded my own panning movements in Max/MSP.
These very nervous, flapping panning signals is used for three of the tracks in the piece.
When I became interested in electroacoustic music (around 1996), my dream was to create music in this way. I'm very happy that I got this opportunity to work with Zirkonium and all this speakers in Kubus!
My residency at ZKM resulted in a very nature romantic work. I'm quite surprised myself. You may think that the first part is a field recording from the woods in northern Scandinavia and the other part, some kind of strange folk music, inspired of hurdy-gurdy.
Just lean back and imagine for a moment that you are the centre of the world, or the flower on the ground.
[Lise-Lotte Norelius]


ALTHOUGH lengthy descriptions of typhus fever occupy a prominentplace in all medical text-books which deal with communicablediseases,becauseof its devastatingeffects oft whole countries in past ages, its wide-spread prevalence throughout the world and its readinessto assumeepidemicproportions anywherein the old world directly the favourable conditions of overcrowding and dirt give it opportunity to spread,yet to those of us who practise in Australia, it has so far possessedonly aeademic interest. It is true that in the early death records of this State, typhus fever appearsas the causeof deathin a certain numberof cases. It is doubtful, however, whether there were not really casesof typhoid fever, which, it will be remembered, was only differentiated from typhus in the middle of last century. In the QuarantineService Publication, No. 13,


Error driven proportional and integral control is presented in this paper for electric vehicle (EV) propulsion systems based on induction motor drives. By introducing the system error into proportional control as a real time tuning factor, improvements to system dynamic performance are demonstrated by computer simulation and laboratory tests on an electric vehicle propulsion model. The results from theoretical sensitivity analysis, computer simulations and laboratory tests have shown that under the proposed control algorithm, the system performance is less sensitive to variations of parameters such as EV moment of inertia, induction motors' torque coefficient and EV load torque, than a conventional proportional and integral control algorithm. The stability analysis for the control system using Lyapunov's second method is also presented and verified by computer simulations.


Abstract : An investigation was conducted to determine the nature and cause of magnetic tape 'dropouts' (short-duration decreases in signal amplitude) and their effect on analog data. Results of the tests indicated that more realistic dropout standards should be adopted for recertified tape used for analog recording. It was determined that the largest single cause of dropouts is the presence of foreign material adhering to the oxide surface of the tape. It is recommended that the dropout standards for recertified analog tape be established at 18 db in depth and 100 microseconds in width. The tape should be thoroughly cleaned before it is checked for dropout content. (Author)


Previous research revealed that winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and soybean [Glicine max (L.) Merill] respond more or less to the soil deep loosening work and different tillage systems, depending on the environment. The few data available showed that these agricultural practices also have a certain influence on nutritive values and physical properties of the harvested products. A three year (20082010) winter wheat, maize and soybean field experiment was carried out at Fundulea, Romania, on a cambic chernozem type, with the objective of evaluating the influence of different conservative tillage systems (chisel till, disc till, strip till and no till), with and without deep soil loosening, on yield and some important quality parameters. This research revealed that for winter wheat, the tillage systems and climatic conditions which favored grain yield were unfavorable for protein content. Deep soil loosening and tillage systems had a similar influence on protein and grain yields. 1000 kernels weight and test weight were not influenced significantly by the deep soil loosening and tillage systems. For maize, the application of no till resulted in a significant grain yield increase. Conservation tillage systems may influence negatively grain protein content, depending on the climatic conditions. Protein, fat and starch yields were significantly influenced by tillage systems, year and their interaction. These influences were caused mainly by the magnitude of grain yields differences. 1000 kernels weight and test weight were not significantly influenced by the deep soil loosening and tillage system. For soybean, climatic conditions and tillage systems which influenced the grain yield, affected in a similar way the protein and fat contents. Deep soil loosening had a significant influence only on the grain yield and protein content. Deep soil loosening, tillage system and climatic conditions which influenced the grain yield affected similarly the protein yield. In the case of fat yield, these effects are more or less the same only for deep soil loosening and years, but not for tillage systems.


To help understand the unconscious drivers of overeating, we examine the effect of health portrayals on people's judgments of the fillingness of food. An implicit association test and two consumption studies provide evidence that people hold an implicit belief that healthy foods are less filling than unhealthy foods, an effect we label the "healthy = less filling" intuition. The consumption studies provide evidence that people order greater quantities of food, consume more of it, and are less full after consuming a food portrayed as more versus less healthy. In addition, we demonstrate a novel tactic for reversing consumers' intuitions: highlighting the nourishing aspects of healthy food mitigates the belief that it is less filling. Taken together, these findings add to the burgeoning body of work on the psychological causes of weight gain and obesity and point to a way of overturning the pernicious effects of the "healthy = less filling" intuition.


antipersonnel land mines around the world. The fact is, however, that this goal is not attainable immediately, and certainly not in the context of the current CCW Review Conference. The great majority of the major military powers are unwilling to accept such a prohibition. Several of the largest users and producers of mines are absolutely unwilling even to consider such a prohibition at this point. Nonetheless, in the meantime we cannot pass up the opportunity to impose much stricter controls on land mine use that will, if complied with, substantially reduce the risk to the civilian population. At the same time, we can establish a process of regular review and strengthening that can lead to the total elimination of these devices. These are the objectives of the U.S. delegation as we approach the final session of the Review Conference.


In recent years the use of illuminators of opportunity for target detection and tracking has received renewed interest. Most aerial targets have some forms of fast rotating structures that cause micro-Doppler (m–D) effect and can be used to assist in the classification process. There is also a good potential to use m–D for imaging such rotating structure because they contain geometry characteristic information about the rotating structure. The imaging results are expected to provide richer information for classification purposes. Conventional inverse synthetic aperture radar requires small rotation angle as well as wideband waveform. Tomography provides an opportunity to image fast rotating targets for narrowband continuous wave radar using m–D information only. This study first introduces the foundations of m–D imaging. Then, the simulation results are presented. Finally, the field experiments are described, together with the illustration and analysis of typical experimental results. Both the simulations and experimental data validate the effectiveness of the method.


Presence is the link between time and existence and the common meaning.Inquiry of the existence of time means the inquiry of existence in the nature of time so time becomes the perspective of existence.Heidegger's later discussion differs from the more original temporality of "existence of Dasein",i.e.,the mask-unmask process of existence itself.Time is not the formation of presence itself through the arrival to the self but that something in itself means the arrival to us.This is a pure four-dimensional time.Since presence is interpreted as "yield-presence" and begins to enter the existential operation of mask-unmask,time dissolves into the operation and natural appearance.


An oxygen‐enhanced thermal‐field shaping method has been developed for obtaining high angular confinement of the electron emission from a 〈100〉−oriented tungsten tip. A source is obtained from which the beam is confined to a half‐angle of ∼ 0.15 rad. This strongly‐for‐ward‐direction beam gives a source that can be used to obtain beams with currents as high as 5×10−8 A within an acceptance angle of 5×10−3 rad with a total emission curve of only 10 μ A. The processed tip is operated at 900°C to give a source with long‐term stability and reliability in a moderate ultrahigh vacuum of ∼ 10−9 Torr. Energy spread and flicker noise are slightly greater than for a ``clean'' tip operating at room temperature, but remain favorable for many applications. An interpretation of the shaping of the tip based on field‐induced thermal migration is given.


The platinum material strengthening methods e.g. solid solution strengthening, strain hardening, grain boundaries strengthening, dispersion strengthening, etc and the investigations on strengthening mechanism are reviewed. The principal properties and usages of the major typical strengthened platinum materials such as ZGS Pt(Pt-Rh), ODS Pt(Pt-Rh), DPH Pt(Pt-Rh) are described. The results may be referenced for selection or research of more effective strengthening methods of platinum material and promoting utilization of the materials.


In this talk we present our disciplinary, methodological, and social aspirations for Educational Data Mining. These aspirations are based on broad conceptualizations of the nature of education and data analysis as social endeavors. These aspirations fall into five categories which begin with the statement that "We hope that Educational Data Mining will..." 1) Consider the broad range of the social and organizational aspects of education and its administration, including informal and ubiquitous learning; 2) Consider the broad range of inputs of digital artifacts that feed into the design of learning systems (not just the outcomes of system interactions); 3) Consider data mining as a human endeavor which is itself a proper topic of psychological, sociological and other academic disciplines; 4) Remember the fundamentals of quality data analysis regardless of computational techniques (with special fondness for John Tukey's insights); 5) Provide information that celebrates the diversity of effective pedagogies and supports learning by the outliers, hidden clusters, and otherwise missed special groups of people that are lost in the averages or other insensitive aggregations. We have high expectations for the field of Educational Data Mining to evolve broadly and contribute broadly to education and society.


Relations are derived in the framework of the Bohr Hamiltonian that express the matrix elements of the deformation-dependent components of the mass tensor through the experimental data on the energies and the E2 transitions relating the low-lying collective states. These relations extend the previously obtained results for the intrinsic mass coefficients of the well-deformed axially symmetric nuclei on nuclei of arbitrary shape. The expression for the mass tensor is suggested, which is sufficient to satisfy the existing experimental data on the energy weighted sum rules for the E2 transitions for the low-lying collective quadrupole excitations. The mass tensor is determined for {sup 106,108}Pd, {sup 108-112}Cd, {sup 134}Ba, {sup 150}Nd, {sup 150-154}Sm, {sup 154-160}Gd, {sup 164}Dy, {sup 172}Yb, {sup 178}Hf, {sup 188-192}Os, and {sup 194-196}Pt.


Aim. The simulation of forming process for tooth flanks of worm gears for globoid worm gears by continuous forming method using disk milling cutters for development scientific well-founded recommendations about technological ensuring for manufacture of globoid worm-wheels. Method. The researches are based on kinematic analysis methods of classical mechanics, differential and analytic geometry, theory of gear wheels, theory of forming surfaces of parts by cutting. Results. There were carried out the simulation of forming process for tooth flanks of worm gears for globoid worm gears by continuous forming method using disk milling cutters. There are recommended to execute cutting of globoid worm gears at circular motion or alternate motion of disk milling cutter that is arranged under slope angle of teeth, which is equal to maximum raising angle of globoidal worm thread. There were proposed to determine slope angle of disk milling cutter taking into account the value of modification value for globoid worm. Moreover, there are recommended to use disk milling cutters with main cutter of milling cutter tooth of small length in consideration of technological factors and mechanical properties of materials for globoid worm gears. There were received systems of equations that describe sculpted surfaces of teeth for globoid worm gears, which are created by circular motion or alternate motion of disk milling cutter. There are proposed to use determined teeth profile at medium plane of globoid wheel as manufactured profile for cutting of threads for globoidal worm. profiling process for tooth surfaces of globoid worm gears by continuous forming method using disk milling cutters permits to determine scientific well-founded recommendations for technological ensuring of adjustment functions for globoid worm gears at stage of manufacture and process engineering.


Summary Fibrinolytic studies in euglobulin fractions of Fletcher trait plasma (deficient in prekallikrein) revealed reduced activities as compared to normal plasma. A quantitative assay for total plasminogen activator plus proactivator in plasma showed that the amount in Fletcher trait patients is about half of normal (normal = ± 100 blood activator units [BAU]/ ml). Plasma kallikrein partially purified in a high and low molecular weight form exerted plasminogen activator activity amounting to 10–15 BAU/ml plasma. So, the absence of kallikrein in the deficient plasma can not fully account for the reduction in activator activity. Additions of kallikrein preparations or normal plasma fractions resulted in additional activator activity in Fletcher trait plasma which was assessed at 30–40 BAU/ml. This activity was assumed to originate from a previously undescribed plasminogen proactivator whose activation is kallikrein- and factor XH-dependent. Fractionation experiments demonstrated the presence of two major activities and a minor activity caused by kallikrein in normal plasma. It is concluded that plasma kallikrein has two functions in the generation of factor XII- dependent fibrinolytic activity: one as a direct plasminogen activator and another as a factor in the activation of a major factor XH-dependent plasminogen proactivator.


Web-based self-publishing, either as an individual or as part of a self-regulated community, allows scope for scholars to publish their own work, thus bypassing the slow process of traditional publication in print, and the increasingly unsustainable economic model on which it depends. This chapter focuses on how older forms of scholarly publication are given new life on digital platforms, and on the benefits and pitfalls of this approach to the digital publication of academic work. Certainly there are dangers and risks in digital publication, not least the fear that those who control access to digital data may make it available only at enormous financial cost to institutions and individuals who wish to use it. In its favour the pragmatic observation that 'books are what books do' gives prominence to the text that books are designed to convey, whether in the medium of digital or print. Keywords: academic work; digital publication; economic model


The development of a viable hydrogen storage system is one of the key challenges that must be met prior to the establishment of a true hydrogen economy. Current hydrogen storage options, such as compressed gas and liquid hydrogen, fall short of meeting vehicle manufacturers' goals for safe and efficient energy storage. The most viable long-term alternative to these options is solid-state storage, which has been proven both safe and efficient. The Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC), with over 50 years of hydrogen storage expertise and over 25 years of expertise in solid-state storage, has assembled a world-class team to meet this key challenge. The SRTC team is comprised of distinguished scientists and engineers from national laboratories, leading universities, and major corporate research centers that are actively performing research in hydrogen storage on complex hydrides. Their collective expertise in materials development combined with fundamental science and systems engineering, will provide the synergy to meet the hydrogen storage goals. The team's goal is to develop a hydrogen storage system that meets the 2010 U.S. DOE targets, which includes a system with greater than 6 wt per cent hydrogen.


Objective To investigate the effectiveness of using fast track surgery in comprehensive therapy of colon cancer with liver metastasis. Methods 79 patients of colon cancer with liver metastasis under going colorectal surgery who were come from Taihe Hospital in 2007 ~ 2009 were randomly divided into the group of fast tract nursing( FTN) with 45 patients and the group of conventional nursing( CN) with 34 patients. Clinical therapeutic efficacy and complications were compared between the two groups by the postoperative defecate and exhaust time,the time in the hospital,the cost of treatment and postoperative complications,the nutritional status,the rate of recurrence of liver cancer and survival rate in 3 years. Results Two groups of patients were recovered. Compared to the CN group,the time of first exhaust and defecation was advanced. The hospital costs and the time in the hospital of FTN group was reduced. The nutritional status and postoperative complications of FTN group was lower. But the rate of recurrence of liver cancer and survival rate in 3 years has no obvious difference. Conclusion The using of fast track surgery in comprehensive therapy of colon cancer with liver metastasis. is safe and effective. It is clinically feasible to apply the principle of fast t ract surgery to the nursing care of the co lorectal surg er y pat ient s because it can significant ly release pains,reduce complicat ion rate and accelerate the r ecovery after surgery. The FTN can accelerate the recovery after surgery,reduce the hospital costs and the time in the hospital,improve the postoperative nutritional status and reduce the risk of postoperative complications. But the long-term prognosis do not affect.


The initial conditions that generate bounded motion in eccentric reference orbit are determined for satellite formation flying. Because Hill`s equations cannot describe the relative motion between two satellites in eccentric orbit, a new relative dynamics utilizing the nonlinearity and eccentricity correction for Hill`s initial conditions is implemented. The constraint that matches angular rates of chief and deputy satellites is used to obtain the bounded motion between them. The constraint can be applied to satellite formation motions in eccentric orbit, since it implicates J2 perturbation due to the central body`s aspherical gravitational forces. The periodic bounded motions are analyzed for the orbit with the eccentricity of less than 0.05 and about 0.5 km relative distance between chief and deputy satellites. It is mainly illustrated that the satellite formations in small eccentric orbits can have hounded motions; consequently, the formation can be kept by matching angular rates of the satellites. These results demonstrate an useful method that reduces the cost for operating satellites by providing effective initial conditions for satellite formation flying in eccentric orbit.


The paper reviewed poverty estimation methods and then presented 3 models of post-censal poverty estimation for the 62 New York State counties: difference models that estimated changes in poverty rates; numbers models that estimated the poverty population; and percentage models that estimated the percentage below the poverty line. Each type of model was evaluated. Percentage models were found to produce the best estimates. Difference models need a lot of data and data between 1979 and 1989. Difference models lacked county data for food stamps. Numbers models were unable to produce accurate estimates for most countries but were acceptable in New York City counties where 60% of poor people live. Percentage models were based on stepwise regressions for all persons in dense counties and less dense counties children in less dense counties and children in dense counties. More or less density was based of 350 persons per square mile. Variations existed in correlations between independent variables and poverty. For example the correlation between food stamps and poverty was .69 in less dense counties and .99 in dense counties. Models were examined for goodness of fit mean absolute percent error mean algebraic percent error and percentage of error below 5% and 10%. Different equations were developed in the final models for dense and less dense counties for total and child poverty rates. Food stamp utilization was important i all models. A descriptive list of relevant independent variables was included. The problems with multicollinearity were ignored because the model was used to predict poverty rates and not to explain the poverty process. Correlation matrices were given for each of the models. For dense counties (17) and total population the independent variables were the percentage of persons in deep poverty (<75% of the poverty line) the percentage of all people receiving food stamps and government transfer payments to individuals as a percentage of personal income. For child poverty the important variables were the percentage of all persons receiving food stamps percentage of children below 100% of the poverty line and number of children receiving WIC or SNAP. In less dense counties there were 6 variables for total population and 3 variables for child population.


Background The developments of functional imaging techniques, expecially of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), have provided us novel approaches for the study on the mechanisms of general anesthesia and pain. Purpose Here we summarise the use of fMRI and PET in the study of anesthesia in recent years.Content It has been shown that general anesthetics could decrease the neuronal activities in some cerebral areas (e.g. thalamus)but enchance the activitiis in some other regions (e.g. anterior cingulate cortex and insula). The special application of PET in the study of cerebral receptor system confirmed that effects of anesthetics in vivo are partially mediated through GABAergic mechanisms.The results from pain studies showed that opioid analgesics decreased the neuronal activity in the regions involved in pain perception and increased the neuronal activity in the regions related to pain modulation. Trend The evolution and the wide application of fMRI and PET surely will promote the improvement of anesthesia study.

Key words:
fMRI;  PET;  Receptor;  Pain


The role of formal motivating elements in a process of new word identification is considered. The results of pseudoword meaning study are compared in the verbal context and out of it.


Sea-bed echo amplitude fluctuations result from a displacement of the transducers of a ship-borne echo-sounder relative to the sea bottom. The origins of these fluctuations are discussed and analysis is given which enables an estimate to be made of the magnitude of the various components of a vessel's motion necessary to ensure that successive echoes are uncorrelated. It is shown that: (1) horizontal motion is of more importance than vertical motion; (2) randomizing displacements are small compared with the dimensions of the insonified area of the sea-bed; (3) some large discrete scatters must be present if small motion fluctuations are to be experienced. Experimental evidence, obtained using a scale model of an echo-sounding environment, is presented in support of the theoretical conclusions.


Melting parameters and transport coefficients in the melt are collated for halides of monovalent, divalent and trivalent metals. A number of systems show a deficit of entropy of melting relative to the linear relations between entropy change and relative volume change on melting that are found to be approximately obeyed by most halides. These behaviours are discussed on the basis of structural and transport data. The deviating systems are classified into three main classes, namely (i) fast-ion conductors in the high-temperature crystal phase such as AgI, (ii) strongly structured network-like systems such as ZnCl2, and (iii) molecular systems melting into associated molecular liquids such as SbCl3.


Metastatic tumors to the oral cavity and jaws are uncommon and comprise 1% to 3.2% of all malignant oral neoplasm.1,3 Such metastasis follows 2 recognized patterns:4 1) metastasis to the bones of the oral region, which may be associated with secondary extension into the adjacent oral soft tissues and 2) metastasis that involves only the oral soft tissues without any evidence of bone involvement. Metastatic tumors of the jaw bones are more common than metastasis to the oral soft tissues. The latter constitute about 0.1% of all malignant oral lesions.5 Metastasis to the oral soft tissues most commonly involves the gingival and alveolar mucosa, followed by the tongue and, less frequently, the tonsil, palate, lip, buccal mucosa, and floor of the mouth.6 An extensive search of the English literature on oral metastases from primary thyroid carcinoma revealed only 1 case involving the oral soft tissues.4 We report a case of primary follicular carcinoma of the thyroid that was diagnosed after diagnosis of metastatic thyroid carcinoma to the buccal mucosa and review the literature on tumors metastatic to the oral soft tissues. Report of Case


Five genera in the tribe Sparasionini are described and keyed. Electroteleia Brues (Baltic amber), Sceliomorpha Ashmead (Neotropics) and Sparasion Latreille (Nearctic, Palearctic, Oriental, and Afrotropical regions) are redescribed. Listron Musetti and Johnson, new genus is described from Chile with two species, L. politum Musetti and Johnson, new species (type species of the genus), and L. bilaminatum Masner, new species. Mexon Masner and Johnson, new genus, is described from Mexico, with two new species, M. adelphos Masner and Johnson, new species (type species of the genus), and M. consors Masner and Johnson, new species. The synonymy of Aliofreniger Szabo with Sceliomorpha and of Prosparasion Kieffer with Sparasion are confirmed. Transfer of the type species of Prosparasion, P. coeruleum Kieffer, 1913 into the genus Sparasion makes it a secondary junior homonym of Sparasion coeruleus Kieffer, 1905. The replacement name Sparasion lividus Johnson, Masner, and Musetti is proposed for the junior name to resolve this homonymy. The gender of the name Sparasion is discussed, and we propose that it should be treated as a masculine noun. The authorship of the family-group name Sparasionini is credited to Dahlbom (1858). INTRODUCTION ciose group with 150 described species (Johnson, 1992). They are generally found The tribe Sparasionini (Hymenoptera: worldwide, with the notable exceptions of Platygastroidea, Scelionidae) is a fairly speAustralia, New Guinea, and the Caribbean. 1 Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History; Professor, Department of Entomology, the Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH 43212 (johnson.2@osu. edu). 2 Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History; Research Associate, Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, Research Branch, K.W. Neatby Building, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada. 3 Department of Entomology, the Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH 43212 (musetti.2@osu.


of a district, a grade above the gramakuta or village-headman, and moreover the evidence that the Gahadavalas belonged to any section of the Rastrakutas is very doubtful. This moot point, however, is without prejudice to the general merits of the book, which after a short introductory survey sketches first the history of the Rastrakutas or Rattas of Malkhed, Gujarat, and Saundatti, and then deals with the dynasties of Rajputana, viz. the Rastrakutas of Hathundi and Dhanop, the Gahadavalas of Kanauj, and the Rathors of Marwar, Bikaner, Jhabua, Amjhara, Kishangarh, Ratlam, Sitamau, Sailana, and Idar. This last section on the Rathor houses is perhaps the most useful part of the book, of which it occupies the greater part; it contains a large amount of compressed information, and where possible brings the histories down to modern times. The volume will be very useful, although the index is by no means adequate, and the four plates illustrating old Rastrakuta scripts are poorly executed.


The Student Space Systems Fabrication Laboratory (S3FL) is a student-led organization dedicated to providing students with practical space systems design and fabrication experience not readily available through the usual academic curriculum. S3FL's approach is to enhance space systems engineering education by coupling classroom knowledge with practicum experience involving real engineering design, analysis, test, fabrication, integration, and operation of actual flight vehicles and payloads. Through a continuous learning process and by adapting to new challenges, S3FL has sustained itself despite the difficulties of accommodating an increasing number of student members. S3FL has also been able to maintain effective project leadership and technical expertise despite student turnover as well as to secure external support. The paper discusses the methods and strategies adopted by S3FL to address the challenges facing a student-run lab. Case studies of projects are also used to highlight important lessons learned over the years.


qualifications in such a way that the stranger may know what sort of practitioner he is employing. Dr. Wendell C. Phillips in his presidential address to the American Medical Association at Dallas, Texas, had this to say: "The proposed campaign of public health education will surely create a demand for new contacts between patient and physician." Physicians must give a different significance to the word "patient," for in the new order of things both sick and well people must and will be on record in the lists of their physicians. They will demand that their needs shall be met. Doctor Phillips warns that unless the medical profession organizes to meet the demands in the proper spirit, various forms of state medicine are likely to become the order of the day. Public health education is the outstanding need of the hour. The gospel of personal and community health is complex. It should be promulgated by health departments and agencies, by lectures, radios, and films, but such service will never reach its highest efficiency until it includes a maximum of direct personal instruction by the properly qualified family physician.


For assembling and calibration of pneumatic diaphragm control valve in skills competition of chemical instrument maintenance worker,the key points of assembling,checking of push rod stroke as well as valve locater installation are stated in detail,it presents a new method to joint check pneumatic diaphragm control Valve and locater,it is showed that using this method,the assembly of control valve can be complete more quickly and accurately,and adjusted to the required accuracy.


This paper reports an experimental study with a purpose to investigate and compare the design thinking processes between final-year industrial design (ID) and mechanical engineering design (ME) students. Two types of conceptual design activities were observed and analyzed. One was to solve a realistic problem for the current market and the other was to generate "blue-sky" visionary concepts for the future. A qualitative method, derived from design protocol analysis, was proposed to explore the structure of observed design processes. The preliminary result demonstrated the disciplinary difference, between ID and ME students, on formulating and approaching design problems. In contrast with the previous perception that ID process is more solution-led while that of ME is more analysis-oriented, ID students were observed to spend much more time on systematically analyzing target-users and possible contexts of usage, in order to establish new design goals and requirements with regards to the above analyses. Whereas ME students were more dedicated in solving the problems identified from the given design brief and conducted little analytic work before concept development.


The static dielectric constant of the heavily doped silicon at room temperature is considered. By using phosphorus as an example, the existing expression for the static dielectric constant at low temperatures is recast into a form suitable for the application at room temperature. This is done by taking into account the contribution of non-ionized impurities at room temperature to the static dielectric constant behavior.


The object of the work reported in this paper is to obtain a measure and an understanding of the damping in high-strength friction-grip bolted joints. Static tests to determine the coefficient of friction and cyclic tests to determine the amount of damping in symmetrical double-coverplated butt joints are described. Four plate surfaces were examined, i.e., galvanized, inorganic zinc silicate, urethane chromate primer, and mill scale. An energy loss relationship was found for each surface type. At the working load levels, the damping factors ranged from 5% to 12%, and the energy losses, after early variations, tended to stable values with increasing numbers of cycles. Suggestions on improvements to increase joint damping are given.


The purpose of the trial was to investigate the effect on the VB 12 level in goat through adding different amount of cobalt to the ration by three mature goats.the result showed that:the VB 12 level increased as the amount of cobalt in the ration rose,and had a highly significant correlation ( P0.01 ) ,proving the dependent relationship between the VB 12 level and the cobalt amount in ration.


Differential thermal analysis and hardness measurements of silver-- cadmium alpha -solid solution uncovered transformations which are explained by formation of chemical compouuds Ag/sub 2/Cd and Ag/sub 3/Cd. The nature of transformations with 4 to 8 at.% Cd is under investigation (R.V.J.)


Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN) has provided a flux to realm of location dependent underwater applications like oceanographic exploration, disaster prevention, tactical surveillance, mine reconnaissance, etc. Sensing of data is essential for all the applications and sensed data is meaningful only when the location information of sensor node is available. The procedure of estimating the location co-ordinates of the sensor node is known as localization. Location information is required for designing network architecture, data tagging, location-based routing protocols and node tracking. Thus, localization is essential in UWSN but it is difficult to achieve due to unavailability of GPS in underwater environment. Time synchronization and localization depends on each other but achieving time synchronization between sensor nodes is a tough task due to complex underwater characteristics like node mobility, limited bandwidth, multipath and fading effects, limited battery power, etc. This paper focuses on surveying the existing localization schemes in UWSN that do not use the concept of time synchronization. This paper also provides a comprehensive overview through comparison to analyze and summarize the localization schemes under concern.