Electrified rails with the recuperation of regenerative braking energy offer a higher energy efficiency, lower carbon footprint, and lower operation and maintenance costs as compared to that of the system without recuperation of regenerative braking energy. However, due to some technical constraints, sometimes the regenerative braking energy needs to be dissipated via resistor banks to ensure system stability. This paper aims to investigate the amount of regenerative braking energy that can be recovered under various train operating conditions such as difference station distance, train speed, track elevation, and loading conditions. A rail power supply and distribution system for Malaysia's MRT Line 2 is modeled using ETAP - eTraX software. The dynamic behavior of the trains has been included in the simulation model to improve the accuracy of the study. The operating conditions with the highest amount of regenerative braking energy have been identified in this study.


ABSTRACT Objective: Coeliac disease (CD) is a complex disorder influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Recently, a number of studies reported MYO9B gene is associated with CD, but the results are controversial. The aim of this study is to clarify this dispute by means of a meta-analysis. Methods: The databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase updated to August 2015 were retrieved. Crude odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) as effect size were calculated by fixed or random effect model according to the heterogeneity. Results: A total of 8 studies including 2272 cases and 5419 controls were enrolled in this meta-analysis. There was no significant association both in allele and genotype comparisons between the MYO9B (rs2305764, rs2305767, rs1457092) polymorphism and CD in Caucasian populations. No publication bias was detected in this meta-analysis. Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicates that MYO9B gene polymorphisms might be not associated with CD susceptibility in Caucasians. Further studies are still needed for definitive conclusions.


The phase composition of the Al-Ni-Mn-Fe-Si-Zr system was analyzed with respect to new-generation heat resistant casting aluminum alloys based on a Ni-containing eutectic. The presence of iron and silicon significantly complicates the phase composition as compared with quaternary (Al-Ni-Mn-Zr) alloys. The admissible concentration of iron, at which no primary aluminides form and a high dispersivity of the eutectic is provided for, went up (to approximately 0.5–0.7%) as the concentration of nickel was decreased from 4 to 2%. Herewith, the solidification range did not exceed 10°C, which enabled higher casting properties. Silicon strongly expands the solidification range (being ~60°C already at 0.1%), which increases the aptitude of the alloy to form hot cracks in castings.


This work suggests a better method to teach grammar, this work is towards to teachers and students of the University and to the general society. The objective of this work consist in give general information of the University and to provide to the students a way of consult in general, about grammatical structure and the common problems in this topic. The raising of information for the conclusion of this work was realized using interviews, bibliography in existence this we permitted to obtain information about the general aspects of the grammar, it getting of satisfactory way the objectives for this work


We have measured angular distributions for recoil polarization in the p(e,e'p)p0 reaction at Q2»1(GeV/c)2 with 1.16 |lte| W |lte|1.36 GeV across the D resonance. The data are compared with representative models and a truncated Legendre analysis is compared with a more general multipole analysis.


The development law that city energy level is increasingly rising has been facilitating the continuing optimization of urban spatial development pattern. The leading direction of this optimization is to prompt China to speed up its construction of mature economic centers and to establish and perfect the new pattern of regional economic development space,which features"multi-pole,multi-turn,multi-belt and multi-region". In the course of the new major adjustment of socialist production relationships with Chinese characteristics,the regional development laws of"multi-pole,multi-turn,multi-belt and multi-region"should be observed so as to establish and perfect the new pattern of regional economic development space. Thus,a scientific and rational layout of regional productive forces could be formed with large-sized,medium and small-sized cities as the link,mature economic centers as the pillar,and modern towns as the framework. The"multi-pole,multi-turn,multi-belt and multi-region"spatial allocation system of productive forces would also be established,featuring integration,compatibility and specialization of the regional economic cooperation.


Abstract : The equations of motion for the electron spin and trajectory are solved in an inhomogeneous magnetic field, such as a magnetic domain wall or a periodic magnetic structure in a ferromagnetic semiconductor. It is found that the electron spin polarization is conserved only for electrons traveling through a magnetization reversal in a time shorter than the Larmor precession period of the spin around the magnetization vector. There are two different kinds of trajectories. For electron velocities and electric fields smaller than a critical value, the trajectory is cycloidal. When the critical value is exceeded the trajectory is modified drastically. It is concluded that these effects will be best observed in thin films of n-type CdCr2Se4, a high mobility ferromagnetic semiconductor. Thin CdCr2Se4 films were prepared by RF sputtering of stoichiometric mixtures of CdSe + Cr2Se3 and subsequent annealing in Se atmosphere at elevated temperatures. Their electrical and magnetic properties are studied and discussed in view of the above calculations.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study is to characterize the presentation, outcomes, and barriers to care for White and non-White patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

BACKGROUND
ESS is often successful in providing long-term relief for patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Literature that uses robust measures of socioeconomic status (SES) and barriers to care to assess ESS outcomes is limited.

METHODS
A retrospective matched cohort study of patients who underwent ESS for CRS between 1/1/2015 and 6/1/2021 at a single tertiary care academic center was conducted. White and non-White patients were matched 1-to-1 by sex and age (± 5 years). SES was evaluated using the area of deprivation index (ADI).

RESULTS
Of the 298 patients included in the study, 149 are White and 149 are non-White, 111 (37.2%) have CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), 141 (47.3%) had allergic rhinitis, 90 (30.2%) had asthma and 22 (7.4%) required revision ESS. Non-White patients were 3.62 times more likely to present with CRSwNP (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2-5.96) and had 2.87 times increased odds for requiring revision ESS than age and sex-matched White patients (95% CI 1.090-7.545). The median ADI for non-White (6.00) patients was higher than for White patients (3.00) (P < .001) and 21.5% more non-White patients presented with Medicaid (P < .001).

CONCLUSION
Non-White patients undergoing ESS for CRS are more likely to present from areas with fewer resources and be underinsured. Using robust measures of SES, such as ADI, may allow for care to be tailored to patients with barriers to care.


We show that Smarr's calculation of the zero-frequency limit of the energy spectrum for the gravitational radiation produced during the scattering or collision of two particles is a linearized approximation valid only when the radiation is weak. In particular, it cannot be applied to the head-on collision of two black holes, so Smarr's conclusions concerning the isotropy of the radiation emitted during the high-speed, equal-mass, black-hole collision have no firm foundation.


This paper attempts to test empirically the independent variables of individual and group creativity in local administrative organizations, and to test effects of the creativity on individual and group productivity. The followings are the results of empirical testing. Firstly, while individual creativity is more related with individual productivity than group productivity, group creativity is more related with group productivity than individual productivity. Secondly, independent variables such as creativity quality and complex thinking, job autonomy, leadership for encouragement of creativity impact on individual creativity. Thirdly, education, creativity quality, complex thinking, leadership for encouragement of creativity, climate for creativity in group, organizational encouragement for creativity, and individual creativity impact on group creativity.


Abstract: In recent years collar necroses and butt rot associated with the ash dieback disease occurred with alarming frequency in Fraxinus excelsior. We analysed tree ring structures to identify the year of necrosis initiation on a set of 507 necroses on 155 stem discs from nine severely diseased south-western German stands. The number of first-time infections of trees was highest from 2010 to 2012 and slightly decreased in 2013 and 2014, whereas the total number of newly emerging individual necroses remained high. Logistic modelling of disease progression suggests that collar rot infection has almost reached its maximum incidence and that a fraction of trees will remain healthy at the root collar. On average, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus was isolated more frequently from younger collar necroses, whereas older necroses were more often colonized by Armillaria spp. Advanced stages of rot that may pose a risk to forest workers, visitors and traffic were observed already in two years-old necroses infected by Armillaria spp.


This thesis is talking about the importance of unearthed documents to exegetical studies about ancient books. In one side, many exegetical studies about ancient books can be proved to be right or wrong. In other sides, many exegetical studies about ancient books are muddleheaded. The unearthed documents can prove which is right to the original meaning.


Many atmospheric phenomena such as thermals, plumes, storms, jets, fronts, tornadoes and hurricanes can be described as coherent structures. We have pioneered new algorithms called Field Alignment and Coalescence that make difficult inference problems for coherent structures, namely assimilation and uncertainty quantification, tractable. In this paper, we examine the problem of mapping coherent structures, which is also difficult to solve using existing approaches. We propose a dynamic data-driven hybrid mapping approach and apply it in initial experiments to the study of plumes. Taking advantage of advances in dealing with coherent structures, our approach decomposes the mapping problem into two closed feedback loops. In the first loop, a coherent structure-following sampling plan is produced by tracking remote observations using an improved version of Scale-cascaded Field Alignment to better handle events in the life cycle of a coherent structure. In the second loop, in-situ measurements from sampling plans are used to produce analyses (maps) and the analyses are used to adapt sampling plans. For plume experiments, we use a Gaussian Process model for producing analyses and a Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo technique to adapt sampling plans. Together, the two loops yield a hybrid mapping strategy that is resilient, efficient, and scalable and makes tractable the mapping of many coherent structures of interest.


ABSTRACT One role of higher education is to continuously prepare the next generation of workers to compete and succeed in a rapidly evolving workplace. Because of this, academics often update their curricula to stay current while also promoting critical thinking skills and a mind-set for lifelong learning. Four years ago, the Construction Management Department at Purdue University underwent a bold move to redesign its entire curriculum. The program shifted from the traditional 3-credit hour individual course model commonly used in the United States to 9-credit hour courses with integrated content blocks. However, in such radically changed courses, educators can unintentionally create learning climates that undermine students' self-determination and motivation for learning. This study investigates the role of self-determination theory (SDT) in a curriculum redesign by using Small Group Instructional Diagnoses (SGIDs). Ethnographic data were collected from 334 students across five courses and mapped to SDT using a thematic approach. Findings show that students approve of well-organized courses with a clear structure, which is integral to the learning process, student motivation, and their success. It also shows that students' intrinsic motivation for the new curriculum is centered on competency and autonomy in their learning.


In private international law disputes, Turkish courts are obliged to apply ex officio the conflict of laws rules in the Code on Private International Law and Procedural Law no.5718 (CPIL) and other Codes and the foreign law determined in accordance with these rules (Art.2(1) of CPIL). Turkish courts can resort to various means, especially the assistance of the parties, in order to obtain information on the content of foreign law. In Turkish law, it is expressly prohibited to resort to an expert in legal matters pursuant to Article 266 of the Code of Civil Procedure no. 6100 and Article 3 of the Expertise Law no. 6754. In the face of the acceptance of foreign law as a "law" in Turkish private international law system, the question of whether it is possible to resort to an expert witness, which is one of the means frequently used by Turkish courts to obtain the content of foreign law, has arisen. In this study, firstly, as a result of the analysis of Turkish doctrine and court practice, it was concluded that obtaining information about the content of foreign law does not fall within the scope of the prohibition of resorting to an expert witness in legal matters. Then, in addition to the qualifications sought in the Codes, the other qualificaitons of expert witness, who is been resorted to obtain information on foreign law, is examined in the light of decisions of Turkish Court of Cassation. Finally, the limits and scope of the expert examination regarding the determination and obtaining of the content of foreign law are discussed. In this context, the conditions that the report of expert witness cannot be related to Turkish legislation and in violation of Art. 2(1) of CPIL and the report cannot include legal assessment, which are stipulated by the Court, are examined in detail.


As the global coronavirus case count rises by the tens of thousands a day, the number of people in need of financial help may be following an even steeper exponential curve. In the United States alone, a staggering 17 million people registered for unemployment benefits in just three weeks, shortly after economic activity in the country screeched to a halt. Billionaire corporate titans, celebrities and athletes are digging into their deep pockets in response: From Bill Gates, Carlos Slim and Jack Ma to Rihanna and Roger Federer, the rich and famous are donating cash or supplies to the less fortunate. You might also be wondering what you can do to help.


This appendix to "Stability, Strategy-Proofness, and Cumulative Offer Mechanisms" (available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=3120463) contains a proof of the sufficiency result (Theorem 4) in Section 3 and all proofs for Section 4.


Accumulating knowledge does not guarantee better problem solving; thus, success is not about knowing more. The lack of success of Knowledge Management in generating the expected value and competitive advantages opened doors to Organisational Wisdom. Wisdom can be defined as the capacity to put into action the most suitable behaviour, considering what is known and what does the most good. The purpose of this article is to understand the perception of managers about Knowledge Management and Organisational Wisdom. The research conducted was exploratory on a qualitative method. The interviews were developed electronically in organisations located in Brazil, Portugal, Bulgaria, Serbia, Angola, Argentina, Australia, and China. There is a disparity between the advancement of theory and practice in organisations. It concludes that managers have a simplistic notion of what Knowledge Management is, they do not understand the idea of "ba" and are focused on explicit knowledge, they still fail to understand in a global way knowledge and how it should be managed and have almost no notion of what organisational wisdom is. They understand the importance of the leader, mainly because they are leaders, giving importance to their function.


A Smart City is characterized by being a desirable place to live and that encourages initiatives that affect the well-being of citizens, anticipating their needs in an efficient, flexible and sustainable way. This work describes a scenario of improvement in the quality of care of the citizens in a Smart City environment through the intensive use of communications, devices and specific applications. For the evaluation of benefits of this hypothetical scenario, a tool developed on the OMNET ++ simulation environment called "SimulCity" will be used, that will allow evaluating the quality of service offered to users. Finally, results of this scenario will be shown.


AbstractThis paper presents findings from a self-completion questionnaire survey of primary schools in Wales conducted in the spring of 1998. The survey provides data on the organisation and provision of health education teaching, the implementation of health related policies, the involvement of outside agencies and professionals in the planning and delivery of health promotion, and the extent to which respondents perceive their schools to fulfil the role of a 'health promoting school'. The results from the responding 450 schools (80% response rate) show a continued commitment and expansion of health promotion activity since an earlier survey in 1993. Notable improvements include an increase in the number of schools reporting policies relating to bullying, sex education, and adult smoking on school premises. Fifteen per cent of respondents considered their school to be health promoting and it was encouraging to find that some health promoting practices were reported more often by these schools than others...


A novel approach to using the FFT for interpolating discrete-time signals is presented. It is shown that the number of arithmetic operations can be reduced by decomposing the interpolated signal into an ordered set of subsequences. An example is included to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.


Dear Dr MacLeod, Please find below the remarks and suggestions, together with our answers and how we dealt with referees' remarks and suggestions. We hope this will meet your and the two referee 's satisfaction. Thank you for this evaluation. We hope that the new version of our preprint will be suitable for recommendation. We remain at your disposal for any other suggestion or question you might find necessary to ask. Best regards The authors.


Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging technology that shows great promise for various futuristic applications both for mass public and military. These small, low-cost, low-powers, multifunctional sensor nodes can communicate in short distances. There is currently enormous research potential in the field of wireless sensor network security. The major challenge for employing any efficient security scheme in wireless sensor networks is created by the size of sensors, consequently the processing power, memory and type of tasks expected from the sensors. Among various attacks in wireless sensor networks, In a wormhole attack, a pair of attackers forms 'tunnels' to transfer the data packets and replays them into the network. This paper provides a survey on wormhole attack and its counter measures and a proposed scheme has been described that can detect and prevent wormhole attack in wireless sensor networks. Keywords— Wireless sensor network; Security; Low latency link; Wormhole attacks; Wireless Sensor Node


It analyzes change rule of spatial structure of large city under global condition due to new technology,and also analyzes change characteristic of spatial structure of large city under global condition and its countermeasure,which to create good spatial environment of city.


The minimax problem is one of the branches of multilevel programming, but unfortunately there is lack of efficient algorithms for it. The paper discusses the convergence of all alternative methods at the beginning, and then presents the SGA (simplex-genetic algorithm), which is an improved algorithm of GA for solving Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium. Examples are provided to illustrate that SGA is an efficient and universal means for solving the minimax problem.


The Lishi fault zone appeares as a thrust fault in Leijiagou area and where develops inlverted folds both in the hanging and lying walls. The microscopic observations on the alliteooide of the lying wall show that most of the coldes have been flatten under the structurestress, and the flatten degree is related to its mineral composition. Based on the plane-strainanalysis, the authors think that the ooide may possess a certain original ellipticity, and maybe larger than that of the strain one. Through three-dimensional strain analysis with ooide,the strain ellipsoid of defformed ooide is get up, and the Film coefficient is 0.8.It belongs toflat-ellipsoid and shows the feature of compresso-shear deformation. So the Lishi fault zoneis a compresso-shear fault zone in Leijiagou area.


Objective To evaluate the academic level and the popularity of the Chinese Journal of Stereology and Image Analysis by an analysis of the citation status of this journal. Methods Based on Chinese Journal Full-Text Network Database, Chinese Citation Network Database and Chinese Scientific Citation Network Database, a Bibliometric analysis was made about the papers citation of that journal from 1996 to 2007. Results There were 696 papers published in that journal from 1996 to 2007, and the total cited times of those papers were 984, the cited rate was 50%, which means that each paper was cited by 1.41 times. The citation frequency and impact factor (IF) value of that journal increased year by year, more pronouncedly increased from 2004. The most highly cited paper was cited 14 times, and the most highly cited author was cited 35 times. The average diffusion factor of that journal was 62.67. Conclusion The Chinese Journal of Stereology and Image Analysis is the only academic periodical presenting the stereology theories and image analysis application in China. As the academic level and impact of the journal has been increasing year by year, it promotes the popularization and development of steorology in China.


A field experiment was conducted during the  two successive winter season 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 at Sahle El-Houssinia Agric. Res. Station, El-Sharkia Governorate to study the effect of foliar application of humic acid and yeast industrial waste (liquid and dried) on faba bean (Visia faba) yield, yield components and some soil properties of salt affected soil. The treatments  were 8 gL, liquid yeast waste 6 cmL and dried yeast 10 gmL. Humic acid and yeast waste were sprayed during growth period four times every 10 days after 30 days from sowing by 600 L.ha- on soil and plants. Application of humic acid and yeast waste (liquid or dried) decreased soil pH, EC, ESP, increased infiltration rate, porosity, stable aggregate and decreased bulk density for two seasons. Also, application of humic acid and yeast waste were significantly effect on plant height, number of branch / plant, number of pods plant, weight of 100 seeds, biological yield and seed yield. Seeds N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn contents significantly increased compared to control due to application humic acid, liquid yeast and dried yeast.


Effective teaching of History is a prime area of concern for most History teacher-educators. This is because most History teachers do not adopt appropriate methods in teaching the subject. Owing to this, students of History are likely to describe History as a boring and dull subject. The study investigated the perspectives of History student-teachers on effective teaching of History. A focus group discussion was held with five (5) final-year prospective History teachers. The findings established that at the pre-engagement phase, student-teachers perceived effective teaching as comprising the acquisition of content knowledge, knowledge of learners, adequate planning, and collaboration with other teachers. At the engagement phase, effective History teachers demonstrate mastery over content, show enthusiasm, relate lessons to students' prior knowledge, use multiple instructional methods and resources in conveying content, create a supportive learning environment, and use alternative assessment techniques. Also, at the post-engagement phase, it was found that effective History teachers are open to students' concerns after class, seek feedback from students, and update their knowledge in content and pedagogy. It was thus concluded that History student-teachers possessed a fair understanding of what constitutes effective teaching of History.


Context. Herbig–Haro (HH) flows exhibit a large variety of morphological and kinematical structures such as bow shocks, Mach disks, and deflection shocks. Both proper motion (PM) and radial velocity investigations are essential to understand the physical nature of such structures.
Aims. We investigate the kinematics and PM of spectrally separated structures in the FS Tau B HH flow. Collating these data makes it possible to understand the origin of these structures and to explain the unusual behavior of the jet. Besides, the study of emission profiles in the associated reflection nebulae allows us to consider the source of the outflow both from edge-on and pole-on points of view.
Methods. We present the data obtained with the 6 m telescope at the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences using the SCORPIO multimode focal reducer with a scanning Fabry–Perot interferometer. Two epochs of the observations of the FS Tau B region in Hα emission (2001 and 2012) allowed us to measure the PM of the spectrally separated inner structures of the jet.
Results. In addition to already known emission structures in the FS Tau B system, we discover new features in the extended part of the jet and in the counter-jet. Moreover, we reveal a new HH knot in the HH 276 independent outflow system and point out its presumable source. In the terminal working surface of the jet, structures with different radial velocities have PMs of the same value. This result can be interpreted as the direct observation of bow-shock and Mach disk regions. A bar-like structure, located southwest from the source demonstrates zero PM and can be considered as one more example of deflection shock. An analysis of Hα profiles in the reflection nebulae R1 and R3 indicates the uniqueness of this object, which can be studied in pole-on and edge-on directions simultaneously.


Which agents are associated with increased risk of sarcomas in childhood leukemia? What are the most common secondary cancers among survivors of childhood leukemias, lymphomas, and other childhood malignancies? Take this multiquestion quiz to find out.


Objective To investigate the relationship between serum C reactive Protein(CRP) or Homocysteine(HCY) level and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods 80 patients were diagnosed as CHD by coronary angiography in which there were 24 patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)(AMI group),30 cases with unstable angina pectoris(UAP)(UAP group),26 cases with stable angina pectoris(SAP)(SAP group) and 40 healthy persons(NC group).In addition,according to the number of lesion artery,the 80 patients with CHD were further divided into subgroupⅠ(20 patients),subgroup Ⅱ(34 patients) and subgroup Ⅲ(26 patients).Peripheral blood was collected respectively and the levels of CRP and HCY were detected simultaneously.Results Serum CRP and HCY level of CHD patients was significantly higher than NC group(P 0.01).CRP and HCY levels of AMI,UAP and SAP groups were reduced in turn and the difference of pairwise comparison was statistically significant(P 0.05).CRP and HCY level in CHD patients of subgroup Ⅰ,subgroup Ⅱ and subgroup Ⅲ were in creased in turn,and the difference of pairwise comparison was statistically significant(P 0.05).Conclusion The serum CRP and HCY levels have relationship with the severity of coronary lesions and the number of lesions.The result suggests that CRP and HCY could serve as a basis for the diagnosis of CHD.


Beam profile measurements of an acetylene-filled hollow-core fiber laser have been performed for the first time, towards beam combining. The laser produces a beam with M2 of 1.71±0.19.


In this paper we use a new weekly database of scanner-level prices for the Chilean economy to characterize the price-setting behavior in the supermarket industry. This period corresponds to an episode of relatively high inflation marked by a boom and a subsequent bust (from July 2007 to July 2009). Results show that prices have an average duration slightly greater than two weeks and that price changes are more frequent in Chilean supermarket than in those of other countries. Besides, changes are smaller in absolute value and price change distributions are roughly symmetric. We also find a positive and robust correlation between the absolute size of price changes and price duration. In addition, an inflation variance decomposition exercise shows that price variability is mainly explained by price change variability. Altogether, this evidence points toward a time-dependent pricing behavior in Chilean supermarkets.


rather than as its decidedly less successful cousin, as is customarily the case. Although it is impossible to set aside all preconceptions about the material under scrutiny, Ibbett's calculated move in this direction bears much good fruit. Her account of Corneille's contribution to the genre of the martyr play is particularly interesting, set in the context of a new emphasis on staging the collective, exemplary (and often female) response to martyrdom at a time when it was not bienséant to show the act of martyrdom itself. Meanwhile, her insistence on the Frenchness ascribed to Corneille being grounded in specifically anti-Italian sentiment, itself dating back to Machiavelli and the Wars of Religion, is persuasive, and her overview of the uses to which Corneille was put in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is fascinating. But what of the state? Ibbett's findings are set against the backdrop of what she maintains are overlapping views about raison d'état discernible in Corneille's theoretical writings and in the Maximes d'Estat, ou Testament politique (thought to be Richelieu's reflections on his experiences as the king's minister). Which, of course, brings us back to Machiavelli, to whom, Ibbett argues, Corneille is closer in spirit than many of us would like to admit.


Roentgenologists have been trained to think of eosinophilic granuloma of the spine as a disease presenting with vertebra plana (Fig. 1). Following Calve's first description of vertebra plana (1) and the initial descriptions of eosinophilic granuloma of bone as a distinct pathological entity (2, 3), subsequent reports indicated that most cases of vertebra plana were due to this tumor (4–7). Almost no attention has been given to other appearances of eosinophilic granuloma of the spine. The authors know of only two reported cases of this tumor of the spine without vertebra plana (8). Other reports have described an "atrophy" or "rarification" of the pedicles in association with vertebra plana (9–10). We have recently encountered two cases of eosinophilic granuloma of the spine without vertebra plana. Both cases presented as lytic and slightly expansile lesions involving the posterior aspects of the vertebral bodies, the neural arches, and the appendages. Case I (Figs. 2–4): N. S., a 21-year-old female, was a...


To get more interactive with virtual reality systems, hand gesture recognition appears as a suitable mean. Gesture recognition are of different types making use of other types has been a research topic for many years. However, the use of cameras technology for automatic gesture recognition is in its infant stage. Cameras, with its potential of simultaneously capturing a full 3D point with a sensor in video rates, this provides us with a great potential for real-time measurement of dynamic scenes. With the help of camera the aim is to build a man - machine interface, this will be done using a range in camera for identifying hand gestures.  In the near future, gesture recognition technology will routinely add yet another dimension to human interactions with consumer electronic devices such as PCs, media tablets and Smartphones. Gesture recognition is a very exciting prospect, particularly for Smartphones and tablets. Camera-based tracking for gesture recognition has actually been in use for some time. Leading video game consoles Microsoft's Xbox and Sony's PlayStation both have gesture recognition built-in. There are certain limitations related to gesture recognition like adverse light conditions, variations in the background, and high power consumption. Gesture recognition will likely become a useful feature for all media tablets, portable media players, and portable game players. Over time, it is anticipated that a higher percentage of media tablets will have the technology, rather than Smartphones  This research demonstrates the capability of a range camera for real-time gesture recognition applications.


Research, synthesis and catalytic application of molecular sieves areas has been constituting a large field of development and prominence in recent decades, due to the large potential of these materials in respect of theirs catalytic properties. The need for costs reduction in the production of these structures, has encouraged the search for new sources of reactants which could provide an equal application of these sieves together with low costs. This work has the aim to obtain and to characterize molecular sieves type MCM-41 and Al-MCM-41 using new routes of synthesis. The molecular sieves MCM-41 and Al-MCM-41 were synthesized using the molar composition: 1 Si02: 0.04 Al03: 0.24 CTAB: 0.3 Na2O: 150 H20. Through the thermal analysis it was possible to observe different peaks related to the presence of volatile materials and the structural director in the materials. Using techniques of characterization like XRD was possible to confirm the formation of the mesoporous structures using the amorphous silica derived from rice husk ash as a silica source.


Mental health care for people with an intellectual disability has a chequered history in Australia, marked by barriers to access and services that have often been ill prepared to meet their needs. Rates of mental and physical illness among people with intellectual disability are higher than for the general population and deserve specific treatment systems.1 The study by Srasuebkul and colleagues in this issue of the MJA highlights the disproportionate number of people with intellectual disability in the Australian public mental health system and the considerable associated costs.2 This money could instead be used to establish a more appropriate care system, but reforms on several levels are needed.


The invention discloses a separated hanging type three-network integration-oriented all-service intelligent terminal. By means of the separated hanging type three-network integration-oriented all-service intelligent terminal, the intelligent terminal can be placed above a television, the space is saved, and moreover, each connecting wire of the intelligent terminal can be hidden at the back of the television, the appearance is more beautiful, and meanwhile, heat dissipation holes can guarantee the heat dissipation of the intelligent terminal so as to avoid the over-heating of the intelligent terminal. A machine hanging type bracket is composed of two the same brackets, the bracket is composed of an L-shaped bottom plate and a support plate, and the width of the L-shaped bottom plate is 1/3 of the length of the intelligent terminal; a plurality of rectangular heat dissipation holes are formed in the bottom of the cubic shell of the intelligent terminal, the rectangular heat dissipation holes are arrayed in n rows, the heat dissipation hole rows are staggered from each other, and strip-shaped heat dissipation holes are formed in two lateral surfaces of the cubic shell.


The manufacture of optical scanners by the process of thin film epoxy replication is providing an attractive alternative to the conventional methods of fabrication. High quality optical surfaces achievable by replication make possible their effective utilization through the entire optical spectrum. Substrate materials can be chosen for optimum performance. A variety of optical scanners is presented which illustrate designing specifically intended for replication.


Now the motor industry is guided by work with system suppliers therefore there is important an exact formulation of technical requirements to knots and car systems. The article presents the information about test equipment for definition characteristic force-displacement on a clutch pedal.


Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatosis from an unknown etiology, particularly affecting the lungs and the lymphatic system. It is associated with an immune deficiency involving an excessive immune response mediated by TH1 lymphocytes. Its evolution can lead to serious complications such as pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, bronchial stenosis and opportunistic infections. Opportunistic infections rarely occur on an underlying sarcoidosis condition. We report a rare case of pulmonary aspergillary and cryptococcal co-infection, on a patient with sarcoidosis who was finally lost to follow up. It was about a 47 years old female patient, diagnosed in 2015 for mediastino-pulmonary and neurological sarcoidosis. She was in therapeutical rupture after a 3-month period of corticotherapy at a dosage of 20 mg daily. The patient has been lost of sight for 3 years and was seen again on November, 22nd, 2018 at the Internal Medicine/Rheumatology Department of DALAL JAMM Hospital. At his admission she presented: a low grade hemoptysia, a chronic cough, a shortness of breath on exertion CRD Stage 2. At the biological investigation, the CRP was at 71.9 mg/l. Calcium serum levels were at 102.6 mg/l. Sputum culture and AFBS were negative. The screening serology of aspergillary Ig G was positive at 12.4 UA/ml. Thoracic High Resonance CT pointed suggests a Stage 2 Sarcoidosis complicated with aspergillary graft. The bronchoscopy showed out a severe suppurated bronchopathy. Microscopic examination of the BAF found some Cryptococcus neoformans settlement. We concluded a diagnosis of pulmonary aspergilloma and cryptococcosis co-infection with an underlying condition of Stage 2 Sarcoidosis. We successfully treated our patient with an oral intake of Itraconazole at a dosage of 400 mg daily over a period of 10 days. This is a rare and life-threatening triple association. In our case, the patient was lost to follow up for a long period and this was considered as the first morbidity risk factor.


This paper describes the design of the floater and the mooring system for a small wind turbine. The engineering basis and the hydrodynamics calculations are described, as well as the installation and commissioning sequences.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


MAXWELL L. EIDINOFF AND MARVIN A. RICH (Division of Biophysics, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Center, New York, N.Y.) Experiments related to the inhibition of growth of H.Ep. #1 cells in culture by 5-fluoro-2'-deoxy- uridine (FUDR) and reversal of growth inhibition by thymidine have been reported by this labora- tory (17). These results supported the hypothesis that a block in the pathway leading to DNA- thymine (probably at the "methylation step") was the principal cause of growth inhibition by FUDR in this system. This conclusion is in accord with the results reported by Heidelberger et al. and in in vitro incorporation studies from this laboratory with tissue slices (~, 6, 9, 10, 11). In this report the reversibility by thymidine of growth inhibition has been studied as a function of time in which the H.Ep. #1 cells are incubated in medium containing the FUDR. In addition, observations concerning the effects on mitotic index and DNA per cell have been noted. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultures of H.Ep. #1 cells (14), an epithelial- like cell derived from a human cervical carcinoma, were maintained on Eagle's medium (8) containing 10 per cent horse serum (normal medium). Four- to 6-day cultures were trypsinized (16) by con- tinuous gentle agitation with 0.05 per cent trypsin Difco (1:~50) at 37 ~ C. for 5 minutes; 65 X 103 ceils as determined by replicate hemocytometer counts were added to 60-mm. petri plates contain- ing 4 ml. of the above medium. After incubation for g4 hours (cells adhere to glass) the medium was aseptically removed by aspiration, and 4 ml. of fresh medium containing the appropriate compounds was added to each plate. The plates were incubated in a humidified chamber at 38 ~ C. in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide adjusted so as to maintain the medium at pH 7.6. * These studies were aided by research grants from the National Institutes of Health (CY 38~8 and C 8811) and the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AT (80-1)910). Received for publication December ~2, 1958. FUDR was synthesized and purified by Hoff- mann-La Roche, Inc. (7). Thymidine was pur- chased from the California Foundation for Bio- chemical Research. Stained preparations.--Flates were incubated in warm saline for g0 minutes, fixed in methyl alcohol for 30 minutes, and stained with May- Greenwald-Giemsa. Growth determination.--Cellular growth as meas- ured by total protein was determined after triple washing to remove culture medium and nonadher- ing cells, by the colorimetric method of Lowry et al. (13), as modified by Oyama and Eagle (15). Microscopic observations.--Frequency of meta- phase nuclei was determined on Feulgen stain preparations at a magnification of 930 X. DNA determination.--Cells grown on the sur- face of large Blake bottles were harvested by trypsinization at various intervals after incubation in medium containing 4 X 10-TM FUDR. The re- sultant cell suspensions were washed, the cell number was determined by replicate hemocytom- eter counts, and the DNA in replicate cultures determined by the method of Ceriotti with the indole-HC1 reaction (8). Highly polymerized DNA (Worthington Co.) was used as a standard for the colorimetric assays. RESULTS Cell growth following removal of F UDR and incubation in thymidine-supplemented medium.--In order to determine the time parameters which govern the reversal by thymidine of growth in- hibition by FUDR, cells were exposed to 4 X 10 -7 M FUDR (0.1 ~g/ml) for varying periods of time (Chart 1). Following removal of the anti- metabolite, one replicate group received normal medium. Thymidine at a concentration of 4 X 10 -6 M (1 #g/ml) supplemented the medium of the other group. Both groups were incubated for 7 days (with renewal of medium on the 4th day) at which time cell growth was determined. 5~1


We study the cross-country dimension of financial cycles for six euro area countries using three different methodologies: principal component analysis, synchronicity and similarity measures and wavelet analysis. We find that equity prices and interest rates display synchronization across countries similar to or exceeding that of real GDP. In contrast, our estimates show much lower cross-country synchronization of credit variables and house prices - bank lending to nonfinancial firms being an exception with relatively large cross-country co-movements. These results are robust across the different estimation methodologies. Concerning time-variation we find evidence for a decline in the extent of co-movements in house prices over time while comovements in the term spread have increased with the introduction of the European monetary union.


In this paper, we discuss an unedited medico-botanical synonym list (Iberoromance-Arabic), copied at the end of the 15th c., that can be found in manuscript Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek 87, and which we believe to be a valuable document both for Romance and Arabic studies and for the history of medicine, including medical translation and lexicography. After making some notes on the characteristics and the history of this kind of lists, we mostly discuss the Iberoromance languages involved. We identify at least three languages: Old Castilian, Old Catalan and one other variety which might be Aragonese, Leonese or Mozarabic. At the end of the paper we provide the commented edition of five lexical entries.


The analysis of the telemetry data in Azure SQL database has revealed that most of the problems affecting the customers are due to the schema inconsistency errors. An assumption has been made that direct e-mail notifications sent to the customers about the current problems could significantly shorten time to resolve them. The prospective benefits are first validated by sending e-mail recommendations manually. Then, in an iterative way, the schema issue advisor that detects anomalies and automatically sends the appropriate notifications to the customers is implemented on top of Azure resources. Finally, an extended evaluation has confirmed the expected benefits of direct communications with the customers.


Plastic lens integrated III‐V compound semiconductor cell (PIC) modules or other microconcentrator/miniconcentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules reduce the volume and weight of CPV modules to a size comparable to flat panel photovoltaics. However, the areal density of solar cells and lenses in a PIC or other micro‐mini‐CPV modules significantly increases by at least an order of magnitude, which raises the required precision and consistency of the module assembling, because a slightly misaligned solar cell can limit the current of the whole circuit and inhibit the performance of the full module. In this study, we presented the results of a 1 m2 module consisting of 2025 solar cells with a direct‐normal‐irradiance efficiency of more than 30%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest area for a CPV module with a height of less than 5 cm reported so far. To quantify the different causes of misalignment, we proposed a probabilistic analysis to model how these errors affect the performance of the CPV module. The results show that the dominant error of the PIC module is attributed to around 0.5° misaligned orientation between the unit modules. This analysis approach can also be applied to other types of micro‐CPV modules.


The present invention relates to an extraction method of sapindust saponin, and the method comprises the following steps: 1) extracting Sapindus peels to obtain a sapindust saponin extracting solution; and 2) separating and concentrating the sapindust saponin extracting solution by using a nitrogen gas floatation process to obtain a sapindust saponin concentrated solution. The extraction time is short, the extraction efficiency is high, any organic solvent is not needed, and the water consumption is less; and nitrogen gas separated from the air can effectively ensure the quality of the sapindust saponin in products and the environment is not polluted by waste gas.


Abstract Tidewater glaciers have coalesced to advance through Icy Bay, Alaska, three times during the past 3800 yr. Radiocarbon ages show that the first of these expansions was underway by 3750 cal yr B.P. and culminated at the outer coast between 3505 and 3245 cal yr B.P. Subsequent recession and readvance brought the ice margin back to the outer coast by 1525 cal yr B.P. (cal a.d. 425) where it remained for about 650 yr before retreating. Tree-ring cross-dates of glacially killed trees show that the most recent ice advance was underway through the inner bay by the a.d. 1640s and reached into the outer bay in the 1810s. Historical data support ice expansion through the outer bay in the early 19th century and show a late 19th century maximum prior to 20th century retreat. These results are a significant revision and extension of previous studies of the Holocene glacial history of Icy Bay. Average advance rates for the most recent expansion were typical of modern tidewater glaciers in the inner bay but much faster in the outer bay; shallow water here may have been important to this latter phase of unusually rapid advance.


Connected vehicles are capable of collecting, through their embedded sensors, and transmitting huge amounts of data at very high frequencies. Leveraging this data can be valuable for many entities: automobile manufacturer, vehicles owners, third parties, etc. Indeed, this "big data" can be used in a large broad of services ranging from road safety services to aftermarket services (e.g., predictive and preventive maintenance). Nevertheless, processing and storing big data raised new scientific and technological challenges that traditional approaches cannot handle efficiently. In this paper, we address the issue of online (i.e., near realtime) data processing of automotive information. More precisely, we focus on the performance of data fusion to support several millions of connected vehicles. In order to face this performance challenge, we propose novel approaches, based on spatial indexation, to speed-up our automotive application. To validate the effectiveness of our proposal, we have implemented and conducted real experiments on PSA-Group big data streaming platform. The experimental results have demonstrated the Amir HAROUN PSA GROUP Bessoncourt, France E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Ahmed MOSTEFAOUI FEMTO-ST Institute/CNRS Bourgognes-Franche-Comte University Belfort, France E-mail: email@example.com François DESSABLES PSA GROUP Bessoncourt, France E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 1 PSA Group is the second-largest automobile manufacturer in Europe with about 3 million sold vehicles in 2015. efficiency of our spatial indexing and querying techniques.


A nonlinear filter based on the feedforward neural network topology is presented. This study was undertaken to investigate the usefulness of 'smart' filters in image post processing. The filter has shown to be useful in recovering high frequencies, such as those lost during the JPEG compression-decompression process. The filtered images have a higher signal to noise ratio, and a higher perceived image quality. Simulation studies showing examples of the high frequency recovery, and the statistical properties of the filter are given.


An 82 year-old man with previous history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, was admitted to hospital because of fever, chills and dyspnea. The onset of illness was one month before admission, with asthenia, anorexia and loss of weight. One week before admission, a physician prescribed an oral antibiotic to treat presumed acute pneumonia, with no improvement. The patient had not undergone any invasive treatment or diagnostic procedures recently. On physical examination, his temperature was 39.2 °C, his heart rate was 120 bpm and the respiratory rate was 32 breaths per minute. The patient's blood pressure was 120/80 mmHg. A systolic murmur, grade 5 over 6, was heard at the xyphoid appendage without irradiation. Signs of right heart failure were found with edema at ankles, jugular vein turgor and positive harzer sign.


The Stuttgart–Ulm railway project is a central investment in the future for the German state of Baden‐Württemberg. The new line will be part of the European high‐speed rail network "Magistrale for Europe", linking the European metropolitan areas of Paris, Strasbourg, Munich and Vienna along a central west‐east axis to Bratislava and Budapest. Altogether, the Stuttgart‐Ulm railway project includes the rearrangement of the Stuttgart rail node and the new line Wendlingen‐Ulm. The joint venture ATCOST21 under lead company Porr has been awarded the contract for the Filder Tunnel and the approaches to Ober‐ and Untertürkheim. Employer and contractor intend to develop the project as partners with the aim of technical and commercial optimisation under the terms of the contractually agreed partnering model.


The purpose of this thesis is to present an exposition and internretation of Jean-Paul Sartre's concept of freedom, as expressed in his major philosophical writings. This purpose calls for a consideration of the relationship" betv1een freedom and some of Sartre' s other basic ontological concepts. The notner" :once-pts are those relating specifically to Sartre's theor'J cf consciousness. To explore and make ex"Jlicit the fundar:1ental struct'J.res of consciousness is to take the front door into an underst3llding of Sartre' s con-


Off-task behavior in today's students may pale in comparison to the seriousness of the violent student behavior reported almost daily in the media. However, Langdon (1997), in a Phi Delta Kappa Poll of Teachers' Attitudes toward the Public Schools, found that teachers reported two off-task behaviors as their most serious concerns. Schoolwork/homework assignments not completed was ranked first by 71% of the teachers followed by behavior that disrupts class which was checked 58% of the time by teachers in the survey. With off-task behavior being a major concern for teachers as negatively impacting learning, it would follow that research is needed to identify efficient interventions for remediating off-task behavior and enhancing student learning. Reality therapy (Glasser, 1965, 1986; Meduna & Wigle, 1997) and solution-focused brief counseling (Mostert, Johnson, & Mostert, 1997; Sklare, 1997) are popular, short-term, counseling interventions school counselors use in counseling students for a variety of problems. Neither reality therapy (RT) nor solution-focused brief counseling (SFBC) have broad research support in the elementary school counseling literature for working with off-task student behavior. However, some related literature does exist supporting both counseling methods. Edens and Smryl (1994) found that RT was an effective intervention in reducing disruptive behavior in middle school physical education classes, which are commonly known to teachers as some of the most difficult classes to manage. MacDonald (1989) offered a model of teaching RT control theory (now referred to as choice theory) to elementary school children using the analogy of controlling their behavior in the same manner they are able to control their shadows. By teaching children that their control over events in their life was much like the control that they are able to exert over their own shadows, children were able to conceptualize the concepts of RT. McDonald concluded that the language of RT may be modified for and practiced by elementary school children. Glasser (1998) developed choice theory to support the practice of reality therapy and to provide a theory to explain why and how reality therapy works with students and adults as well. Reisberg-Pollack (1985) recommended that certain phrases and concepts be repeated on a daily basis to help children develop a working RT vocabulary of self-talk to be used in times of crises or when they were tempted to misbehave. Hart-Hester, Heuchert, and Whittier (1989) found that disruptive behavior of children ages 9 to 11 significantly decreased after they were taught the principles of RT. They concluded that when children were taught to become independent and to rely on their own resources rather than those of the teacher and other students, they exhibited more responsibility and self-control. However, while the practice of RT is widespread, very little data on its efficacy with elementary school students are reported in literature, particularly as it is used with off-task behavior. Solution-focused brief counseling (SFBC), as described by deShazer and Molnar (1964), was developed in the mid-1960s, but has only recently became a popular intervention for school counselors (Sklare, 1997). SFBC is an attractive intervention for school counselors because of its utility, focus on current behavior, and relative short-term duration (Mostert et al., 1997; Sklare). Downing and Harrison (1992) advocated incorporating SFBC into the elementary school because the model fits the "time-conscious atmosphere" that is beginning to define modern school counseling. LaFountain, Garner, and Boldosser (1995) advised school counselors to create solution-focused counseling groups from their current caseloads in order to free time for parent education and the other necessities of the job. They noted that the solutions approach in these groups may not carry the "stigma" effect that students might experience from individual, problem-centered counseling. …


Descriptions of the Nature of Science are in contrast with the widespread notion that "physics" is objective, unaffected by human influence. To better understand students' thinking about the nature of physics, we taught a lesson from the Underrepresentation Curriculum and collected written responses before and after in-class discussion about the nature of physics. In this manuscript, we share student responses about the presence of subjectivity in physics and relate them to commonly accepted ideas about the Nature of Science. Students tend to describe physics without reference to human influence. After discussing subjectivity, many students identify that while physical properties may be objective, human interpretation, biases, and values influence physics as well. Some students also consider our understanding of physics as incomplete. These discussions are a first step towards increasing awareness of structural and individual subjectivity. We believe this will ultimately support a more equitable, robust scientific community.


Objective To evaluate the preemptive application effect of Lornoxicam during painless induced abortion.Methods 60 female patients undergoing painless abortion were randomized two groups:Lornoxicam plus propofol(group LP,n=30) and propofol alone(group P,n=30).Patients in group LP received lornoxicam 8mg at 5~8min before operation.All the patients were given propofol 2mg/kg to induce general anesthesia,additional dosage of propofol were given 1/3~1/2 of induced dosage according to the condition during operation.The total dosage of propofol,perceptive time,The blood pressure,heart rate and SP02 were measured at preoperative and intraoperation.The total dosage of propofol,perceptive time,the movement nausea and vomiting were recorded,pain intensity of lower abdom final was assessed using the VAS score.Results There was no significant difference in blood pressure after injection in 2min compared with two groups.There was significant difference in the total dosage of propofol,the movement during operation,the perceptive time,additional dosage of propofol and cases(P0.05).The group LP showed a significant decrease in the total dosage of propofol and less pain intensity of lower abdomen final by VAS compared with group P(P0.05).Conclusion Lomoxicam plus propofol used in painless induced abortion can significantly decrease the total dosage of propofol and the pain intensity of lower abdomen final after operation.


This research was concerned with the processes which enable individuals to acquire semantic information from natural-language diScourse, Specific objectIvesvere: (1) to represent semantically the structual meaning of English discourse in terms of a well-defined semantic model, (2) to develop a procedure for using,the semantic representation of a text as a structural model against which a subject's acquired knowledge can be scored, (3) to develop a process model for discourse comprehension, and (4) to investigate hypotheses concerning effects of certain contextual conditions designed to induce inferential operations on text content on knowledge structures acquired from'a text. The task involved obtaining repeated written reconstructions of knowledge acquired from a text. Three experimental contexts were used: (1) an "arbitrary" context, (2) a "problem solving" context, and (2) an incidental memory condition (three problem solving trials followed by incidental recall). Groups one and two wrote four recalls; all groups were tested one week later. Basic data consisted of the relative frequencies of classes of response obtained from a semantic analysis of recall protocols. Results were consistent with a model of comprehension consisting primarily of "generative" rather than purely "interpretive" processes. Sources of individual differences were also studied. Part II contains a detailed development of a semantic, structural model of English discourse; and an associated technique for measuring semantic information acquired from discourSe.


This paper presents an overview of social investment programmes vis-à-vis its impact and challenges in Nigeria. This is with a purpose to engendering their sustainability and dynamics for social development in Nigeria. It relies on secondary data in providing information on the social investment programmes in relation to their outputs and outcomes. It discusses the impacts of social investment programmes, such as generation of employment for the youth, re-prioritisation of agricultural sector, provision of enabling environment and discouragement of 'brain-drain'. The paper analyses some of the key challenges: policy inconsistency, unwieldy scope of the programmes and inadequate funding and concluded that the acquisition of social investment roles in youth employment is a universal social task of adult social livelihood sustenance. The government is recommended to intensify efforts on social investment programmes for youth employment generation. KEY TERMS: social investment programmes, youth employment, government and social development, Nigeria


The marine environment is considered to be a highly aggressive environment for metal materials. Steels are the most common materials being used for shipbuilding. Corrosion is a major cause of structural deterioration in marine and offshore structures. Corrosion of carbon steel in marine environment becomes serious due to the highly corrosive nature of seawater with high salinity and microorganism. To protect metallic materials particularly steel against corrosion occurrence various organic and inorganic coatings are used. The most used are the polymeric protective coatings. The nanostructured TiO2 polymer coating is able to offer higher protection to steel against corrosion, and performed relatively better than other polymer coatings.


In the summer of 1660, a strange phenomenon followed Mount Vesuvius's eruption: red or black crosses started appearing on people's linen, clothes, and even limbs. Since the Neapolitan people feared that the crosses were a supernatural occurrence and a terrible omen, the political and ecclesiastical leaders promoted the publication of books providing reasonable and pious explanations of the phenomenon. Among the authors who intervened in the debate over the nature of the crosses were Carlo Calà (who was hoping to gain favor with both the Viceroy and the Pope) and Athanasius Kircher, one of the leading protagonists of early modern Catholic culture. This chapter explains how the common interest in the crosses and Kircher's scientific curiosity for fossils and giants provided Carlo with the opportunity to approach Kircher and make him aware of the case of his ancestor Giovanni, with the hope that the illustrious Catholic intellectual might support it.


This paper summarizes the results of a simulation effort in support of ASHRAE SSPC 90.1 for the inclusion of reflective roofs in the proposed standard. Simulation results include the annual electricity and fuel use for two buildings types, residential and nonresidential. The residential model is intended to apply to hotel guest rooms, patient rooms in hospitals, and high-rise residential apartments. In order to be consistent with other requirements of the draft standard, the authors used the 90.1 Envelope Subcommittee DOE-2 prototype building and operating schedules, which were supplied to them. The parametric simulations were performed for 19 climate bins, as defined in the current 90.1 draft (a total of 26 climate bins are used in 90.1, while only 19 are considered in this study); a range of roof absorptivities from 0.25 to 0.95; and three roof U-factors (corresponding to roof insulation of R3, R11, and R38). The results are condensed into climate-independent adjustment factors to reduce roof insulation for buildings with reflective roofs such that the net energy use of the building stays constant when compared with the energy use of a dark-colored roof.


The Sandia/ETH-Zurich CO/H2/N2 non-premixed unconfined turbulent jet flame is numerically simulated by means of Large Eddy Simulation using the Fractal Model FM as subgrid scale model, in a three-dimensional axisymmetric context for the time being. Since the nozzle is very thin, capturing the stabilization mechanism of the actual flame may be very difficult. Results are obtained on different grids and with different chemical mechanisms. In particular, including main radical species and refining the grid close to the nozzle exit, gave a better representation of the flame anchoring and produced a good agreement with experimental data. * Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com Proceedings of the European Combustion Meeting 2007 Introduction The study of turbulent combustion requires the analysis of two main issues, turbulence and chemical kinetics, and understanding of how they interact. Both turbulence and chemistry have their own spectra of fluid-dynamic and chemical scales. However, it may be argued that the chemical spectrum is less rich, to the point, sometimes, of consisting of few discrete characteristic times. In fact, local time sampling kinetic energy in a turbulent nonreacting flow reveals a spectrum of fluid-dynamic scales. Likewise, in a perfectly stirred reactor, time sampling production / destruction rates of chemical species reveals a spectrum of chemical scales. However, since turbulence combustion interaction occurs through local dilatational phenomena (expansion or compression, respectively for exothermic and endothermic reactions), only those times shorter than the shortest local turbulent time and associated to nonnegligible local heat release or absorption may effectively interact with the fluid-dynamic field. Thus, in turbulent flames the chemical spectrum may sometimes be locally reduced just to one (as done, for example, in turbulent combustion diagrams [1]) or some discrete times (depending on the complexity of chemical mechanism), while the turbulent spectrum cannot be just as easily simplified on pain of losing substantial information. In a nutshell, the main feature of turbulent combustion is the coexistence of fluid-dynamic and chemical scales. Since kinetic energy in turbulent flames is transported, produced and/or destroyed differently than in nonreactive flows, looking at its spectra (or those of other scalars) may reveal the inner nature of turbulent combustion. This may also add details to the classic "combustion diagrams" description of flame front eddy interaction. There are numerical and experimental ways to study the multi-scale interaction of fluid-dynamics and chemistry. Among numerical tools there is Large Eddy Simulation. Specific Objectives In this article unsteady numerical simulations of the so called "Flame A" of the Sandia/ETH-Zurich database [2,3] are performed. For this case a lot of experimental data are available. Simulations are performed by using the Fractal Model [4-6] as subgrid closure for Large Eddy Simulation, but in a three-dimensional axisymmetric formulation; therefore, it is preferable to talk of unsteady simulations rather than LES. The test case is a CO/H2/N2 non-premixed, unconfined, turbulent jet flame. The fuel is injected from a straight circular tubing with squared-off ends (inner diameter 4.58 mm, outer diameter 6.34 mm) at 76 m/s and the corresponding Reynolds number is 16700. The air coflows at 0.75 m/s. The syngas percent composition is 40/30/30 in volume. The fuel tubing length is sufficient to make the assumption of fully developed turbulent pipe flow appropriate. Experimental observations show that the squared-off nozzle stabilizes the flame by means of a small recirculation zone thus avoiding a pilot [2]. The flame is continuous and does not experience any lift off or localized extinction. This flame, although its simple geometry, can be useful to test combustion models and understand turbulence chemistry interaction. The use of syngas as fuel facilitates validation because syngas adds only a modest increment in chemical kinetics complexity with respect to hydrogen combustion, while retaining the "simple" structure of hydrogen jet flames. Present results are useful to understand the best simulation setup (boundary conditions, domain size, chemical mechanism) for a future fully three-dimensional LES of the same burner. Numerical Simulation Set-Up Numerical simulations are performed by means of the in-house code HeaRT (Heat Release and Turbulence) using parallel computers available in ENEA computational grid [7]. The in-house code uses


The present invention relates to a smart pad device and a control method for positioning of a moving object, and its object is attached to an RF tag on a moving object to read the position of the moving object in real time, smart on the ground that the moving object moves attach the pad smart pad apparatus for a moving object is transmitted the location of the moving object using the position information of the smart pad known based on the information of the RF tag is received in accordance with the incoming within the recognition area of the smart pad on the main server and control method It is to provide a. The present invention for achieving the above object, according to the position recognition device and a control method for positioning of a moving object, but configured as a smart pad that can read information from the RF tag and the RF tag that is attached to the positioning target, the smart pad includes a smart pad reader that can read the information of the RF tags, and smart pad antenna for determining a communication distance between the RF tag, and a smart pad controller to measure a position of the RF tag, and the other a smart pad and the server computer and is configured as a smart pad communication section for communicating, when the power is applied, if a smart pad is the RF tag exists to detect the presence or absence of the RF tag in the predetermined area in charge of the selected antenna to select one of a plurality of antennas detect the position select one of the antenna again and then transmits the location of the antenna to the server by repeating the above procedure, and the above RF tag If the value of keeping track, and if, an RF tag that does not exist in the region where the antenna is in charge has to continuously detect the position of the RF tag by repeating the above procedure to select another antenna, the traditional location-aware the method that the more cost is low and on the smart tag and the control device for positioning of a moving object, characterized in that to ensure a high reliability, faster than what the loading speed for a technology that addresses. Moving object position recognition, RF tag, chip pad,


Cryptocurrency subject attracted so many people for the last eight years around the globe. Satoshi's Nakamoto's, the founder of the bitcoin cryptocurrency behind this revolutionary change in digital money market. Bitcoin cryptocurrency uses "Power of Work" or simply PoW system as its mining algorithm. But in January of 2016, Ethereum cryptocurrency has launched which adopted a new system called "Power of Stake" or simply PoS that is used in Ethereum as its mining algorithm. This paper explores and compares PoW and PoS systems that is used widely today in cryptocurrencies digital money, concluding the pros and cons for each system with enabling to decide which one is more suitable and stable in digital money market.


We studied the c-axis transport of Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+\delta}$ (Bi2212) cross-whisker junctions formed by annealing ``naturally'' formed whisker junctions. These frequently appear during growth when the $ab$-faces of neighboring whiskers come in contact. We obtained Fraunhofer patterns of the cross-junction critical currents in a parallel magnetic field, and found a sharp increase in the quasiparticle tunneling conductance at $eV=50-60$ mV, indicating high junction quality. For our weak junctions, the interface critical current density is about 0.03 of the critical current density across the stack of bulk intrinsic junctions, as is the room temperature conductivity, and is independent of the twist angle, in contrast to most of the data reported on ``artificial'' cross-whisker junctions [Y. Takano {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 65}, 140513(R) (2002)]. Our results provide strong evidence of incoherent interface tunneling and for at least a small s-wave order parameter component in the bulk of Bi2212 for $T\le T_c$. They are also consistent with the bicrystal twist experiments of Li {\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 83}, 4160 (1999)].


In this research the polymer electrolyte materials based on poly caprolactone (PCL) has been synthesized and characterized. Polycaprolactone is a non-toxic and biodegradable polymer that is environmentally friendly. The preparation of the polymer electrolyte film is carried out by a casting method whereby the PCL polymer is dissolved in a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. Lithium perchlorate salt (LiClO4) as a source of lithium ions then was added to solution with a composition (5-40)% by weight. The solution was evaporated slowly in vacuum oven until the film was formed. The ionic conductivity, crystal structure, morphology and thermal properties of the polymer electrolyte were characterized by impedance spectroscopy X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) respectively. The results of the conductivity measurements showed that the PCL conductivity increased from 3.45 x 10-11 Scm-1 to 5.52 x 10-6 Scm-1 with a 30% weight salt content of LiClO4. Observations with XRD show a more amorphous polymer with more salt addition and FTIR results show that there is interaction between active groups on polymers with salt. The thermal properties show that the melting points of polymer become lower with more salt addition.


Self-propelled sprayers, which are the result of recent technological advances in farm machinery for crop protection, combine the advantages of ground equipment and airborne spraying appliances: a work rate of 100 ha per day can be achieved under comfortable working conditions, their ease of handling makes it possible to work at short notice and at almost any time of the year. Labour costs are reduced, and effective treatment can be guaranteed. This is the main economic justification of the use of these machines which, in view of their relatively high purchase cost, are suitable for farms of at least 300-400 ha.


The Lean Manufacturing seeks optimization of basic features, customer satisfaction and reduction of waste. Once implemented, it is important to measure the Lean maturity level to achive results with better efficiency, especially in SMEs because the implementation may require the use of their best features. This project's main objective is to assess the maturity of the Lean system of an SME in the segment of health enabling the use of this knowledge to improve the efficiency of their attendances and internal operations.


The thermopower S; electrical resistivity r; and magnetic susceptibility w are reported on CeRh1� xMxSn (M ¼ Co; Ni, Ru; xp0:25). The Ni doping changes the valence-fluctuating behavior of wðTÞ for x ¼ 0 to the Currie–Weiss type, whereas the Ru one to the Pauli-type. Nevertheless, all the substitutions result in a decrease of the rather large maximum of S ¼ 60 mV=K for x =0 . r 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent disease causing a substantial burden for the patient and the society. CRS is divided into CRS with (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Based on current knowledge on inflammatory markers, CRS can be further divided into endotypes, CRSsNP mainly being characterized by a neutrophilic type 1 inflammatory response and CRSwNP being characterized by an eosinophilic type 2 inflammation. With the increase of type 2 inflammation in CRSwNP patients, asthma comorbidity and relapse of disease becomes more frequent. In recent years, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed towards the type 2 inflammatory response have been demonstrated to be efficacious in CRSwNP. The overall goal of this thesis was to investigate the pathophysiology of CRS and to evaluate effects of novel treatments. Paper I and II focus on biomarkers and clinical characteristics to help identify type 2 CRSwNP. Serum periostin can, together with serum IgE and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin (SE)-IgE, identify formation of IL-5 and SE-IgE in nasal polyp tissue with a reasonable sensitivity and specificity. Eosinophilic blood count correlates poorly with inflammatory markers in nasal polyp tissue, but can, together with clinical history of asthma, allergy and/or aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, help identify most type 2 CRSwNP patients in a clinical setting. Furthermore, in paper II we show that a shift towards an increase in type 2 inflammation is seen in CRS over recent years in Central Europe, measurable both as an increase in inflammatory markers and as a shift of endotype. This shift is seen in non-asthmatic, non-allergic patients and is more pronounced in patients with CRSwNP than in patients with CRSsNP. The results also indicate that polyp formation, at least in part, is driven by mechanisms not directly related to the type and extent of tissue inflammation. Paper III-V focus on novel treatment strategies. Paper III shows that treatment with dupilumab, a mAb directed to the IL-4Receptor a, reduces local type 2 inflammatory parameters in nasal secretions and nasal polyp tissue. Paper IV-V focus on reboot surgery. Reboot surgery appears to be favorable in terms of relapse in moderate to severe CRSwNP compared to conventional surgery, and it reduces type 2 inflammatory markers in nasal secretions, 12 months after surgery, in the same magnitude as dupilumab. The inflammation in CRSwNP appears to be widespread, involving not only polyps but also the seemingly healthy mucosa that lines the sinuses, a finding that strengthen the rationale for reboot surgery. In summary, the described shift towards type 2 inflammation in CRS suggests that the disease is undergoing a continuous endotypic change towards a more severe state of disease. It is evident that carefully chosen biomarkers in combination with clinical characteristics can be used to identify type 2 CRSwNP. Reboot surgery is favorable compared to conventional surgery, and may, based on endotypes, as mAbs, be implemented in treatment for CRSwNP. LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS I Jonstam K, Westman M, Holtappels G, Holweg CTJ, Bachert C. Serum periostin, IgE, and SE-IgE can be used as biomarkers to identify moderate to severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1705-8.e3. II Jonstam K, Delemarre T, Holtappels G, Cardell L-O, Westman M, Bachert C. Type 2 inflammatory shift in nasal polyposis. – Manuscript III Jonstam K, Swanson BN, Mannent LP, Cardell LO, Tian N, Wang Y, et al. Dupilumab reduces local type 2 pro-inflammatory biomarkers in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Allergy 2019; 74:743-52. IV Alsharif S, Jonstam K, van Zele T, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, Bachert C. Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Type-2 CRS wNP: An Endotype-Based Retrospective Study. Laryngoscope 2019. V Jonstam K, Alsharif S, Bogaert S, Suchonos N, Holtappels G, Jae-Hyun Park J, Bachert C. Extensive type 2 inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is suppressed by complete sinus mucosa removal (reboot surgery). – Manuscript


Electron cyclotron maser (ECM) oscillators are high power sources of microwave radiation and have applications in fusion plasma heating and diagnostics and potentially also in radar and telecommunications systems. The radiation comes from coherent Bremsstrahlung emission by relativistic electrons gyrating in a magnetic field. It has been observed that the University of Strathclyde ECM oscillators fitted with high-current explosive-electron-emission cathodes exhibit a rapid modulation in the amplitude of the microwave output signal, whereas similar configurations using a thermionic emission cathode do not. This paper describes preliminary experiments investigating this complex behaviour. In particular it was of interest to establish whether the modulations were due to the cathode emission process or some dynamic cavity phenomena. We present experimental results demonstrating a connection between the automodulation behaviour and the length of the interaction space in a 23 GHz ECM. The ECM had an ill-defined cavity consisting of a cylindrical copper waveguide of 1 m length. The magnetic field limited the length of the interaction space to <9 cm (the length of its central plateau), adjustable using waveguide cut-off reflectors. With an 8 cm long interaction space the output signal from the ECM demonstrated a full amplitude modulation with a period /spl sim/4-7 ns, but reducing the length to 1.5 cm caused the modulation amplitude to reduce to /spl sim/20%, with a period /spl sim/20 ns whilst simultaneously changing in nature from stochastic to cyclical.


Detection and tracking of CMEs is an important issue in solar physics. The appropriate im- ages are continuously collected and parameters de- scribing the extent, position, and time of occurrence of the CMEs are put in a catalogue. Because of the huge amount of data, it is imperative to process these images automatically. One of the best techniques for object extraction is the watershed segmentation. It works well for individual images. It is shown in this paper how this technique can be extended to a se- quence of images showing the temporal development of the CMEs. The detection and tracking of the CME is done automatically via the Hough transform which points to at least some pixels located on the front of the moving CME. An approach has been developed which allows one to obtain the initial masks of the CMEs and subsequently merge the regions obtained from the watershed segmentation into the full masks of the CMEs so that in response to the sequence of CME input images a sequence of masks is generated.


utomobile tire is an important component of the vehicle. Its quality is directly related to the operation of vehicle performance and safety performance. Tire marks printed correctly can ensure the tire used properly. Compared with current recognized by artificial, Recognized automatically by computer can significantly improve the detection efficiency of tire mark. This paper discussed the research on pretreatment of the tire mark image. The direction of the scan of the text area is along the radius of the circle and circumference of tire. This method also conducted gamma correction, histogram equalization, binary and other pretreatments about the collected tire images. It can effectively remove the ground noise, optimize the text area, and lay a solid foundation for further recognition processing.


This study aims to determine the conditions of farming and institutional in supporting the empowerment of coffee farmers and to formulate strategies for the empowerment of coffee farmers in the Pasrujambe Village, Pasrujambe Subdistrict, Lumajang through institutional reinforcement. This study uses a qualitative approach as the type of descriptive study by using observations and interviews to assess the institutional development of community empowerment efforts. The results show that the conditions of farming community of coffee farmers have three limitations: the ability to enhance the quality and production; the lack of venture capital and the low skill. These three limitations affect the condition of existing institutional farmers' groups and eventually impact on low institutional performance. In order to overcome the limitations, Institutional development strategy is drafted in the empowerment of farmers, expected to be a reference to increasing the ability of independent community of coffee farmers, namely: human resource development strategy in the group of farmers, development of production quality, and reinforcement of capital sources.


This study was conducted in the north Eastern Free State Province of South Africa. It investigated the teaching practice component of teacher education and compared its findings to the characteristics of effective teaching recommended in the research literature. The sample was randomly drawn from student teachers and their lecturers, primary and secondary school cooperating teachers, and learning facilitators. Questionnaires were developed and administered to collect the necessary data. The results indicate that teacher education institutions in this study do not lay the required emphasis on the most salient aspects of reflective teaching and learning in teaching practice. For this reason, effectiveness of the process is compromised. Possible areas of further research have been suggested to bring about more clarity on aspects of teaching practice and the extent to which its values are achieved.


− Compare to the gaseous hydrogen, liquid hydrogen has various advantages: easy to transport, high energy density, and low risk of explosion. However, the hydrogen liquefaction process is highly energy intensive because it requires lots of energy for refrigeration. On the other hand, the cold energy of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) is wasted during the regasification. It means there are opportunities to improve the energy efficiency of the hydrogen liquefaction process by recovering wasted LNG cold energy. In addition, hydrogen production by natural gas reforming is one of the most economical ways, thus LNG can be used as a raw material for hydrogen production. In this study, a novel hydrogen production and liquefaction process is proposed by using LNG as a raw material as well as a cold source. To develop this process, the hydrogen liquefaction process using hydrocarbon mixed refrigerant and the helium-neon refrigerant is selected as a base case design. The proposed design is developed by applying LNG as a cold source for the hydrogen precooling. The performance of the proposed process is analyzed in terms of energy consumption and exergy efficiency, and it is compared with the base case design. As the result, the proposed design shows 17.9% of energy reduction and 11.2% of exergy efficiency improvement compare to the base case design.


The effect of  age of regrowth (21, 42,  63  and 84 d) on the dry  matter yield (DMY), leaf  proportion (LP) and nutritivevalue of cacahuatillo  (Arachis  pintoi), stylo  (Stylosanthes  guianensis), clitoria  (Clitoria ternatea)  and  kudzu  (Puerariaphaseoloides)  was  evaluated  during  the  dry  season  (March-May)  and  rainy  (June-August)  of  2013.  The  DMY andneutral  detergent  fiber  (NDF)  increased  with  age,  while  the  LP,protein  (CP)  and  degradability  decreased.  Stylo  andcacahuatillo recorded the  highest DMY in both seasons; on average 5.5 and 7.5 t ha-1 at 84 d in dry and rainy seasonrespectively.  In  both  seasons,  the  highest  and  lowest  LP  were  for  cacahuatillo  and  stylo,  respectively.  High  CP  wasrecorded  by  clitoria  and  cacahuatillo  in  both  seasons;  greater  than  14  g  kg-1  DM  even  84  d  old.  No  significant  variationwas  observed  in  CP  from  42  d  in  the  species.  At  21  d,  stylo  (704.7  g  kg-1  DM)  in  the  dry  season  and  kudzu  (658.4g kg-1DM) in  the  rainy  season had the largest  NDF.  There were no differences between  species from  42 d.  Cacahuatillohad  the  highest  degradability  (>700 g  kg-1  DM)  during  its  growth in  both  seasons.  In  clitoria,  stylo  and  kudzu was  justabove  700  g  kg-1  DM  at  21  d,  but  from  42  d  of  age,  degradability  decreased.  In  conclusion,  the  age  of  regrowth  thatintegrates  DMY  and  better  nutritional  value  is  42  d  old  in  the  legumes  evaluated,  regardless  of  the  season  of  year.


Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays a major role in the climate system by modulating the depth and rate of oceanic heat storage. Some climate simulations suggest that reduced AMOC decreases bottom water ventilation and that the heat absorbed by the ocean starts to mix downwards, warming Atlantic intermediate waters. This has been corroborated for the western North Atlantic by benthic foraminifera geochemical records from periods of reduced AMOC during the last deglaciation. However, the deep‐water response remains poorly constrained, and the lack of direct paleotemperature reconstructions limits our understanding about the effects of reduced circulation on ocean heat uptake. We present a new reconstruction of bottom water temperatures from core GeoB9508‐5 (2,384 m water depth, 15°29.90°N/17°56.88°W) off the northwestern African Margin. Our paleotemperature record, based on Uvigerina spp. Mg/Ca, shows two episodes of intense transient deep water warming in times of decreasing overturning circulation, followed by long periods of heat uptake stagnation. First, during AMOC slowdown in the Heinrich stadial 1, when paleotemperatures of ∼2°C persisted for ∼5.4 Kyr coincident with the weakest stage of AMOC; and second in the Younger Dryas, when bottom water temperatures >4°C lasted ∼2.5 Kyr during a less intense AMOC decline. This suggests a stagnation of deep‐water heat uptake in the deep NE Atlantic possibly linked to a reduced downward advection of heat during times of a reduced AMOC, supporting the hypothesis that AMOC strength sets the depth of oceanic heat storage in the North Atlantic.


Structuring an increasingly global organization and managing investment professionals in such an organization demand focus and energy. The most important principles, however, may be simple—remembering that investment management is a people business, being skeptical about so-called management "truths," and attending to a few basic tenets of organizational success. This presentation comes from the Managing the Investment Professional conference held in Chicago, Illinois, on April 2, 1996.


Food safety, agritourism and the right to farm dominated the 2009 Session for the Agriculture and Consumer Affairs Committee. As Session began, an unexpected and tragic food safety crisis resulting from an unscrupulous peanut processor in South Georgia occurred, which resulted in the passage of Senate Bill 80. Senate Bill 80 requires food processing facilities to report suspicions of contaminated food, food testing and retention of testing results to the Department of Agriculture (Department). This legislation provides the Department free access to any food processor's testing records for the presence of contaminants.


The Urban Frontier House near downtown Billings, Montana, is an off-grid, net positive water home that provides an excellent illustration of how energy and water efficiency can be optimized when designing sustainable homes in urban settings. Billings averages 13.7 inches (348 mm) of rain annually and has temperatures in the teens during winter months. With the minimal rainfall and cold temperatures common in this high-desert climate, designing the Urban Frontier House to be comfortable and sustainable presented many challenges.


In this study, the authors used empirical legal research methods based on primary data sources based on field research on partnership agreements, interviews with users. Secondary data is literature study by reading and studying and understanding literature books as well as the knowledge gained during lectures. In addition to conducting interviews and observations. The analysis used was descriptive qualitative, namely a data analysis method that classifies and selects data obtained from field research according to its quality and truth, then linked with theories, principles and legal principles obtained from literature studies so that answers are obtained. formulated problem. Theory used: 1. Grand Theory (Theory of Legal Relations); According to R. Soeroso: Legal relationship is a relationship between two or more legal subjects. In this legal relationship, the rights and obligations of one party deal with the rights and obligations of the other party. That the law regulates the relationship between one person and another, between people and society is regulated by law. Whoever disturbs or ignores this relationship, then he can be forced by law to respect it. So every legal relationship has two aspects: the aspect of "bevoegdheid" (power/authority or right) with its opponent "plicht" or obligation. The authority granted by law to legal subjects (persons or legal entities) is called "rights". 2. Middle Theory (Theories in Contract Law); Freedom of contract is a reflection of the development of free market ideas pioneered by Adam Smith. Adan Smith, with his classical economic theory, underlies the thinking of Jeremy Bentham, known as Jeremy Benthan's utilitarianism, in his book Ïntruction to the Morals and Legislation, which argues that law aims to realize only what is beneficial to people. 3. Utilitis Theory: the purpose of law is: to guarantee the maximum happiness for as many people as possible. Certainty through law for individuals is the main goal of law. In this case Bentham's opinion is emphasized on things that are useful and general in nature. Applied Theory (Partnership Pattern); The concept of economic democracy in Pancasila does not allow free fighting between the strong and the weak, but is more directed towards harmony and mutual support between economic actors, this creates an obligation for the government to regulate and establish legislation.


This paper proposes separately the algorithm of expansion of contrast and the algorithm of color saturation enhancement for color image enhancement processing.In order to meet the requirement of real-time video signals,FPGA was used to construct a high-speed image processor.Experimental results show that these methods can improve the image layering and enhance color saturation to improve the effect of visual perception significantly.


In P.so1p11ocnrp~i.s ~(~~r.rrgoriolo/)~t~~ (L.) D C the anlhcr is tetrasporangiak. Its wall development usually conforms to the Dicotyledonous type but occasionally to thc Basic tqpe. Sirn~lltancous cytokinesis in rnicrosporocytes results in tetrahedral niicrosporc tetrads. The maturc pollen ?rains are triporate and 2-celled with a reticulate cxine. The mature ovule is carnpylotropous. bilcgmic and crassinucellatc. The micropyle is rig-zag and formed by both the integuments. The embr!o sac development follo\vs the monosporic Polygonurn type. Fertilization is porogamous and triple fusion precedes syngamy. The endosperm developnicnt is of the Nuclear type and free-nuclear endospcrm haustoria develop in both the micropylar. and chalazal parts. The first two divisions of the zygote arc transverse prodncins ;I linear 4cel led proemhryo. but the suhsequcnt divisions are in various planes. At the earl!. glubular stage of rhc embryo, the suspensor cclls hccorne hypertrophied and h~~uctorial . In maturc seed. the inner integument remains 2 o r . ? laycrcd, hut the outer becomes 15-30 layers and i \ pal-titularly massive around the rnicropylc. Thc thick-walled palisade cclls of the seed coal arc derived from the outer epidermis of the outer intcgumcnt. while all the other layers remain parench!matous.


The large output ripple current impaired the performance of active clamp forward (ACF) converter. By the AC flux positive coupling of the inductor and transformer, the output ripple current can be reduced. The improved ACF converter with integrated magnetics was proposed in this paper. The operation principle of the proposed converter was analyzed in detail. By setting D = 0.5 as the zero ripple current point, the minimized output ripple current and minimized voltage stress of primary switches were achieved simultaneously. The design consideration for the integrated magnetics was discussed along with the effect on the ripple currents. Two 100 W ACF prototype converters, with integrated magnetics and without, were built to verify the operation principle. Experimental results also proved that the proposed ACF converter has higher efficiency and lower output ripple current compared with conventional one.


In this work, a new indoor visible light positioning algorithm is proposed based on support vector machines (SVM) and polynomial regression. Two different multipath environments of an empty room and a furnished room are considered. The algorithm starts by addressing the received power distance relation, considering polynomial regression models fitted to the specific areas of the room. In the second stage, an SVM is used to classify the best-fitted polynomial, which is used with nonlinear least squares to estimate the position of the receiver. The results show that, in an empty room, the positioning accuracy improvement for the positioning error, εp of 2.5 cm are 36.1, 58.3, and 72.2 % for three different scenarios according to the regions' distribution in the room. For the furnished room, a positioning relative accuracy improvement of 214, 170, and 100 % is observed for εp of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 m, respectively.


The general objective of thermal screening of chemicals and mixtures is to identify whether the sample can undergo an exotherm process and the temperature range of its occurrence, which provides a preliminary indication of potential chemical reaction hazards. The focus lies here on secondary reactions. Depending on the calorimeter used additional information on the amount and rate of released heat, kinetics (normal or autocatalytic) and pressure build up can be obtained. Thermal screening is the first experimental stage in a hazard assessment.