A series of functional ionic liquids based on pyrrolidinium cations bearing alkyl nitrile moieties have been designed, synthesized and characterised with high purity and yield. The influence of the anion structure and methylene chain length of the alkyl nitrile moieties on the thermal properties of functional ionic liquids is comprehensively investigated. Moreover, some of the ionic liquids show obvious plastic crystal phase behavior with rotational disorder and activated vacancies/defects, which can offer a solid bulk matrix for doping 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodine (PMII), LiI and I2 to prepare plastic crystal electrolytes with high melting points and conductivities. Furthermore, the resulting solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.22% under the simulated air mass 1.5 solar spectrum illumination at 100 mW cm−2, and displays a superior long-term stability compared to conventional liquid-based devices. These results offer us a feasible method to explore new organic plastic crystals and electrolytes for high temperature solid-state DSSCs.


Royal New Zealand Air Force Corsair fighter planes flying over Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, during World War II. Photographed in 1944 by an unidentified photographer.
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Film negative


Despite the existence of extensive literature on the benefits of either technology or music in children with autism and intellectual disabilities (ID), research studies exploring the impact of interventions combining the two are scant. This paper presents a collaborative multidisciplinary approach between school staff, university researchers and a business in their development of a technology-mediated music-making system (i.e. the Cosmo units) that aims to improve the quality of life of the former population. Data were collected via observations of individual pupils and focus group interviews with the school staff. The results, discussed in the light of relevant literature, incorporate both the changes applied to the Cosmo system and the benefits for school staff, university researchers and the business through being part of this participatory project.


The tropical rainforest agroecology is highly vulnerable to a myriad of plant disease infections and the likelihood that farmers would adopt a new maize cultivar largely depends on its resistance to the common diseases. In the present study, a set of newly developed single cross drought tolerant maize hybrids were evaluated under natural disease inoculation and their performance for grain yield, breeder's traits, and response to infections by four cosmopolitan foliar diseases were assessed. A trial comprising 96 experimental hybrids and 4 hybrid checks were planted over two rainy seasons at Ikenne using a 10 x 10 triple-‐lattice design. Hybrids differed significantly (p < 0.0001) for grain yield and other measured traits. Significant hybrid x year interaction was also observed for all traits except plant aspect. Ranking of mean grain yields of hybrids between the two years revealed moderate but highly significant correlation (r = 0.50, p < 0.0001). All measured traits except curvularia were negatively and significantly correlated (r = -‐0.16 to -‐0.58, p < 0.0001) with grain yield. Mean grain yields ranged between 2,282 and 6,132 kg ha- ‐1 with a trial mean of 4,509 kg ha- ‐1 . The top five yielders exceeded the best drought tolerant check (M1026-‐7; 5,485 kg ha- ‐1 ) by a least 2 standard errors whereas the top 20 hybrids produced significantly higher yields than the best commercial check (Oba 98; 4,150 kg ha- ‐1 ) and had mostly favorable scores for the breeder's traits and response to foliar disease infections. Promising high yielding and drought tolerant hybrids that have appreciable resistance to common foliar diseases can be selected among the tested genotypes.


One prior requirement for concrete is durability. Ensuring of such a property demands, among other things, precluding of factors entailing deterioration in the concrete mass. The presence of alkalis above a certain limit in the cement employed in preparing concrete with reactive aggregates is one of the main factors to incite unwitting defects as a result of the alkali-aggregate reactions (expansion, cracking, deformation, etc.) in concrete. To develop low alkali cement, the siliceous aluminous component in the raw mix was replaced by materials low in alkalis. So, raw mixes were prepared with the siliceous aluminous component (clay or marl) replaced by non-traditional natural raw materials (siliceous materials, bauxite) as well as industrial byproducts (granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash). The paper presents a comparison between the results obtained in the laboratory investigations on the performance (grindability, clinker burnability, volatility) of raw mixes made with traditional and non-traditional raw materials as well as the properties of clinkers and cements obtained therewith.


For strengthening student's originality and practical ability, by analyzing the deficiency of the traditional practical teaching and laboratory construction, the thoughts of experiment reform and laboratory construction were brought up:making use of the bank loan for quickening the laboratory construction; making the experiment teaching better for the needs of talent under new situation, according to the principle of "concentrating managment, forming series, bring forth new ideas and advancing facilities".


In recent years, benzoxazine compounds have received a great deal attention due to its unique properties, such as volumetric expansion or near zero shrinkage upon polymerization. However, the ring opening polymerization mechanism of benzoxazines has not been well understood, which has prevented the products of benzoxazines from being vigorously developed. In this paper, the polymerization of benzoxazines epoxy resin amine system was investigated by means of FT IR, 1H NMR, TLC and GPC. On the basis of structural characterization of the products synthesized from systems, the possible ring opening polymerization mechanisms of these systems have been postulated. The results show that the polymerization of between benzoxazine and epoxy resin can take place if only there exist hydroxyl groups in reaction system and that the kind, number and place of the substituting groups on the benzene ring connecting with the oxazine ring can make a notable impact on the ring opening polymerization as well as the structures of products.


Data processing of refraction Seismic has been done by using the secondary data in area of Sioux Park, Rapid Creek, South Dakota, United State of America with the trajectory of seismic SP#1 which  has geology structure of alluvial sediment. The sediment Alluvial has a form of water carrier rock precipitated by Rapid Creek Tthe data processing of refraction Seismic usedin this experiment is  Reciprocal Hawkins methode that  represent a method that develop concept of time depth recognition. The time Depth from the refractor is  equal for the travel of critical time from the aspect of between refractor and surface less than time required for the ray path of projection of area refractor at a speed of refractor. Results   of  the seismic refracted obtained: first layer consist of clay  functioning as covering laye, the second layer lapped over from clay, sand, and gravel functioning as carrier coat irrigate or coat acquife and the   third layer lapped over from stone napal, functioning as waterproof coat ( impermeable). Deepness of layer acquifer vary from 0.93 ft - 12.01 ft ( 0.28 m – 3.66 m), and their thickness vary from 0.86 ft – 14.43 ft ( 0.26 m – 4.40 m). The geometry of these  acquiferare in the form of free acquifer  or unconfined aquifer . Keywords: seismic refraction, ground water


In Iceland Cepaea hortensis Mull. reaches its northern limit of distribution occurring in restricted areas along the south coast. Samples of snails collected along steep cliffs in two such restricted areas were effectively monomorphic for shell colour (yellow), but were polymorphic for banding pattern and revealed strong area effects. In both localities samples from sites facing east contained varying frequencies of unbanded snails whereas in ecologically similar sites facing south unbanded were absent. In an experimental population released at a south-facing site unbanded snails failed to become established whereas banded individuals survived and bred. It is suggested that the area effects are maintained through non-visual (most likely climatic) selection though other possibilities cannot be ruled out.


in the paper, simulation and hardware implementation of a data link layer for 100 Gbps Terahertz wireless communication is presented. The overhead of protocols and coding should be reduced to a minimum. This is especially important for high-speed networks, where a small degradation of efficiency will degrade the user data throughput by several Gbps. The following aspects are explained: an acknowledge frame compression, the optimal frame segmentation and aggregation, Reed-Solomon forward error correction, an algorithm to control the transmitted data redundancy (link adaptation), and FPGA (field programmable gate array) implementation of a demonstrator. The most important conclusion is that changing the segment size influences the uncoded transmissions mostly, and the FPGA memory footprint can be significantly reduced when the hybrid automatic repeat request type II is replaced by the type I with a link adaptation. Additionally, an algorithm for controlling the Reed-Solomon redundancy is presented. Hardware implementation is demonstrated, and the device achieves net data rate of 97 Gbps.


Aim To investigate the clinical pathological features and differential diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma(AML).Methods 10 cases of AML were studied by using HE staining,of which 7 cases were also studied by using immunohistochemistry(S-P method).Result Histologically,the tumor showed three tissue components of blood vessels,smooth muscle cells and fat cells in varied proportion.There were atypical epithelioid smooth muscle cells in 4 cases.Immunohistochemically,both spindle and epithelioid smooth muscle cells were characteristically positive for HMB-45 and SMA,and the HMB-45 is usually stronger in epithelioid and pleomorphic smooth muscle cells.ConclusionImmunohistochemical stains may elucidate the correct diagnosis.


Biological wastewater treatment is characterized by aerobic and/or anaerobic bacteria that degrade pollutant organic matter and parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) are usually used to assess these treatments efficiency. Biological reactors effluent COD is comprised not only of influent compounds that have not been degraded, but also of some compounds produced by microorganisms during treatment, known as SMPs (Soluble Microbial Products) in the literature. It is believed that the decrease of effluent COD in non-stressed conditions biological systems fed with typically biodegradable sewage can be straightly connected to minimizing SMP production and, even though SMP importance had already been recognized, literature review shows that only few researches were dedicated to identifying their chemical structure, as well as to relating their production to reactors operational parameters. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to characterize, through quantitative and qualitative approaches, the microbial products present in the supernatant of aerobic and anaerobic bench scale CSTR fed with glucose and acetate. As expected, SMP production in the aerobic CSTR was higher than in the anaerobic one (normalized production of SMP concerning influent COD in different operational conditions – SMP/So – varied from 2 to 68% in the aerobic reactor and from 9 to 27% in the anaerobic reactor). In the anaerobic CSTR, the organic load did not seem to have interfered to the conversion from influent COD to SMP (SMP/So ratio), what suggests that accumulated SMP can have come mainly from biomass decay, rather than from substrate use. However, in the aerobic CSTR the opposite seems to have happened. Concerning substrate kind, acetate use contributed to a higher normalized production of SMP in both reactors, compared to glucose (in the aerobic reactor, SMP/So was 41,9% for acetate versus 14,1% for glucose; in the anaerobic reactor, 21,9% and 16,6% for acetate and glucose, respectively). Temperature did not seem to have significantly interfered to SMP/So rate in the anaerobic reactor (18,1% at 15oC and 18,3% at 25oC). On the other hand, in the aerobic CSTR, normalized SMP production was higher at 15oC (33,8% against 18,7% at 25oC). In the aerobic reactor, COD related to protein amount represented 5 to 34% of effluent COD and carbohydrates COD was not higher than 16%; in the anaerobic CSTR, protein amount achieved its maximum at 17% of effluent COD, what confirms that the majority of effluent COD had not come from proteins and carbohydrates. As far as mass spectrometry results are concerned, SMP produced by each operational phase did not seem to have come from cell lysis or EPS. The predominance of low molecular weight SMP indicated products related to substrate use or to degrading/ hydrolysis of high molecular weight SMP.


A new generation of advanced laser, accelerator, and plasma confinement devices are emerging that are producing extreme states of light and matter that are unprecedented for laboratory study. Examples of such sources that will produce laboratory x‐ray emissions with unprecedented characteristics include megajoule‐class and ultrafast, ultraintense petawatt laser‐produced plasmas; tabletop high‐harmonic‐generation x‐ray sources; high‐brightness zeta‐pinch and magnetically confined plasma sources; and coherent x‐ray free electron lasers and compact inverse‐Compton x‐ray sources. Characterizing the spectra, time structure, and intensity of x rays emitted by these and other novel sources is critical to assessing system performance and progress as well as pursuing the new and unpredictable physical interactions of interest to basic and applied high‐energy‐density (HED) science. As these technologies mature, increased emphasis will need to be placed on advanced diagnostic instrumentation and metrology, standard ...


How does land ownership uphold or conflict with the social conflict in terms of socially created institutions, social interests and claims, income distribution and authority versus responsibility? Contributors to this volume explore relationships of land ownership and tenure, land use decisionmaking and taxation, drawing on legal and economic theory concerning value, social interest, policy considerations and information needs.


Bilingual teaching in specialized course should increase the training of listening and speaking in juniors, strengthen their learning of vocabulary, improve teaching mode and suprvise the teaching process to achieve the effect of bilingual teaching.


While humanitarian considerations play a role in the decision to grant relief to countries affected by natural disasters, donors may be less likely to provide assistance to countries they perceive as corrupt out of a belief that it will not reach the victims. This paper tests the relationship between perceptions of corruption and disaster relief by both the U.S. and the international community using different indices of corruption. The results suggest that a higher risk from corruption reduces the likelihood of U.S. The relationship between corruption and international relief, however, is found to be insignificant. Finally, the results indicate that the effect of corruption on aid varies depending on the type of disaster.


ABSTRACT The devH gene was identified in a screen forAnabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 sequences whose transcripts increase in abundance during a heterocyst development time course. The product of devH contains a helix-turn-helix motif similar to the DNA binding domain of members of the cyclic AMP receptor protein family, and the protein is most closely related to the cyanobacterial transcriptional activator NtcA. devH transcripts are barely detectable in vegetative cells and are induced approximately fivefold after nitrogen starvation. This induction is absent in the two developmental mutants hetR and ntcA. The gene is expressed as monocistronic transcripts with multiple 5′ termini, and the ∼500-bp region 5′ to devH was shown to have promoter activity in vivo. The devH gene was insertionally inactivated by the integration of plasmid sequences within the open reading frame. Nitrogen starvation of the devH mutant induces heterocysts of wild-type morphology, but the mutant is inviable in the absence of fixed nitrogen and unable to reduce acetylene aerobically.


Background: Azole-resistance is increasingly reported in Aspergillus fumigatus infections. It remains challenging to rapidly assess antifungal susceptibility to initiate the appropriate therapy. The aim of this study was to map the proteomic differences of azole-susceptible and -resistant strains. Methods: Proteomic studies were performed with ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Results: UPLC-MS/MS detected 7899 peptides, of which 1792 peptides had a significantly different abundance (p A. fumigatus resistance. Conclusions: UPLC-MS/MS provided proof-of-concept that the proteome of azole-resistant A. fumigatus is diverse enough to serve as a diagnostic tool.


Mathematical models for creep and shrinkage of concrete are used in the paper to present a whole-process analysis of creep and shrinkage effects in reinforced concrete structures, allowing in particular for various uncertainties. A simulation method is proposed to predict the time- dependent load effect due to creep and shrinkage under stochastic loads. It is shown through the formulation and by example that the method has the advantage that all the random variability can be included in the load effect at any point in time. Because of the uncertainties of concrete material properties and the applied loads, all parameters that describe the properties of the structures and the nature of load at any point in time are treated as random variables.


Modic type 1 changes (MC1) are vertebral bone marrow lesions associated with non-specific low back pain (LBP). The pathophysiology of MC1 includes inflammation, fibrosis, and high bone turnover. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are key regulators of these processes: BMSCs contribute to inflammation by regulating myelopoiesis/osteoclastogenesis; BMSCs can differentiate into osteoblasts contributing to high bone turnover, and BMSCs can differentiate into pro-fibrotic myofibroblasts.To identify dysregulated biological processes in MC1 BMSCs contributing to the pathobiology of MC1.Bone marrow aspirates were obtained from LBP patients with MC1 undergoing lumbar spinal fusion. Aspirates were taken prior to screw insertion. From each patient, a MC1 and a healthy control (HC) aspirate from the adjacent vertebral body was collected. BMSCs were isolated by plastic adherence and expanded. RNA from BMSCs passage 3 was sequenced (n=3 + 3) (Illumina Novaseq) and gene ontology of significantly dysregulated genes (p-value < 0.05) was analyzed. Specificity and rate of BMSC matrix adhesion were quantified: BMSCs (n=8 + 8) were seeded on fibronectin-coated, collagen-I-coated, and non-coated plastic dishes. BMSC adhesion was evaluated from 15min to 30min (Δ 30min - 15min). Percentage of adherent cells of MC1 and HC BMSC was compared with paired t-test. In order to identify integrins responsible for dysregulated cell-matrix adhesion, gene expression of 15 relevant integrins was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Normalized expressions were compared between MC1 and HC BMSC with paired t-test. Integrin β1 protein level was semi quantitatively analyzed by Western Blot (n = 5 + 5) and normalized to β-Actin expression.By RNA sequencing, 154 genes were differentially expressed between MC1 and HC BMSCs (p-value ≤ 0.01; log2-ratio ≥ 0.5). Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed an overrepresentation of the biological process "cell-matrix adhesion" among all significantly regulated genes (p-value < 9.3e-13). A change in cell adhesion was corroborated with adhesion assay. Binding (Δ 30min - 15min) to collagen I (MC1 + 16%, HC +10%, p-value = 0.10), fibronectin (MC1 + 17%, HC +6%, p-value = 0.03), and non-coated surface (MC1 + 46%, HC +35%, p-value = 0.05) was increased in MC1 (Figure 1). Integrin gene expression analysis revealed significant upregulation of integrin beta-1 gene (ITGB1) in MC1 vs. HC (fold change = 1.24, p-value = 0.047), whereas there was no significant difference between the other integrins tested. On protein level, integrin β1 was upregulated in MC1 in four out of five patients (Figure 2).Figure 1.Adhesion assay.Figure 2.Western Blot analysis.Adhesion of BMSCs to matrix and integrin β1 expression are increased in MC1. Integrin β1 is essential for cell-matrix adhesion and an important contributor to the initiation and progression of tissue fibrosis, a hallmark of MC1. Therefore, BMSCs and integrin β1 might be relevant novel targets for the treatment of MC1.Irina Heggli: None declared, Susanne Epprecht: None declared, Tamara Mengis: None declared, Astrid Juengel: None declared, Michael Betz: None declared, Jose Spirig: None declared, Florian Wanivenhaus: None declared, Florian Brunner: None declared, Mazda Farshad: None declared, Oliver Distler Grant/research support from: Grants/Research support from Actelion, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Competitive Drug Development International Ltd. and Mitsubishi Tanabe; he also holds the issued Patent on mir-29 for the treatment of systemic sclerosis (US8247389, EP2331143)., Consultant of: Consultancy fees from Actelion, Acceleron Pharma, AnaMar, Bayer, Baecon Discovery, Blade Therapeutics, Boehringer, CSL Behring, Catenion, ChemomAb, Curzion Pharmaceuticals, Ergonex, Galapagos NV, GSK, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Inventiva, Italfarmaco, iQvia, medac, Medscape, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Roche, Sanofi and UCB, Speakers bureau: Speaker fees from Actelion, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medscape, Pfizer and Roche, Stefan Dudli: None declared


Arc tracking tests have been carried out between two voluntarily damaged aeronautic cables. Copper or aluminum conductors have been exposed to short circuits under alternating current. Various data have been recorded (arc voltage and current, radiated power and ablated mass), enabling to determine a power balance, in which every contribution is estimated. The total power is mainly transferred to the cables (between 50 and 65%, depending on the current and the cable type), and causes the melting and partial vaporization of the metallic core and insulating material, or is conducted or radiated. The other part is deposited into the arc column, being either radiated, convected or conducted.


Balanced Scorecard (BSC) translates an organization s mission and strategy into a comprehensive set of
performance measures and provides the framework for strategic measurement and management. BSC is
currently being used worldwide as a tool for implementing enterprise strategy. Meanwhile, Corporate
Social Responsibility (CSR) can become a potent tool for the company to realize enhanced reputation and
brad value, increased operational efficiency, improved sales and customer loyalty as well as the ability to
attract and retains quality workforce. This researcher tried to demonstrate the relationship between BSC
as a tool for managing and communicating CSR For the purpose of that, the researcher using four (4)
main perspectives in BSC which is financial perspective, internal business process perspective, learning
and growth perspective and customer perspective. BSC can be used to align and measure CSR to create
competitive advantage by helping organizations strategically manage the alignment of cause and effect
relationships of external market forces and impacts with internal CSR drivers, values and behaviors. BSC
provides many benefits to an organization such as it creates accountability for the goals and objectives in
an organization, it connects strategy to performance, it provides a way of identifying whether or not
progress is being made and gives the organization opportunity to adjust as necessary, it helps people in
the organization understand cause-and-effect relationships of things they do.


Context. Recently, there have been some reports of unusually strong photospheric magnetic fields (which can reach values of over 7 kG) inferred from Hinode SOT/SP sunspot observations within penumbral regions. These superstrong penumbral fields are even larger than the strongest umbral fields on record and appear to be associated with supersonic downflows. The finding of such fields has been controversial since they seem to show up only when spatially coupled inversions are performed.
Aims. Here, we investigate and discuss the reliability of those findings by studying in detail observed spectra associated with particularly strong magnetic fields at the inner edge of the penumbra of active region 10930.
Methods. We applied classical diagnostic methods and various inversions with different model atmospheres to the observed Stokes profiles in two selected pixels with superstrong magnetic fields, and compared the results with a magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a sunspot whose penumbra contains localized regions with strong fields (nearly 5 kG at τ = 1) associated with supersonic downflows.
Results. The different inversions provide different results: while the SPINOR 2D inversions consider a height-dependent single-component model and return B >  7 kG and supersonic positive vLOS (corresponding to a counter-Evershed flow), height-dependent two-component inversions suggest the presence of an umbral component (almost at rest) with field strengths ∼4 − 4.2 kG and a penumbral component with vLOS ∼ 16 − 18 km s−1 and field strengths up to ∼5.8 kG. Likewise, height-independent two-component inversions find a solution for an umbral component and a strongly redshifted (vLOS ∼ 15 − 17 km s−1) penumbral component with B ∼ 4 kG. According to a Bayesian information criterion, the inversions providing a better balance between the quality of the fits and the number of free parameters considered by the models are the height-independent two-component inversions, but they lie only slightly above the SPINOR 2D inversions. Since it is expected that the physical parameters all display considerable gradients with height, as supported by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) sunspot simulations, the SPINOR 2D inversions are the preferred ones.
Conclusions. According to the MHD sunspot simulation analyzed here, the presence of counter-Evershed flows in the photospheric penumbra can lead to the necessary conditions for the observation of ∼5 kG fields at the inner penumbra. Although a definite conclusion about the potential existence of fields in excess of 7 kG cannot be given, their nature could be explained (based on the simulation results) as the consequence of the extreme dynamical effects introduced by highly supersonic counter-Evershed flows (vLOS >  10 km s−1 and up to ∼30 km s−1 according to SPINOR 2D). The latter are much faster and more compressive downflows than those found in the MHD simulations and therefore could lead to field intensification up to considerably stronger fields. Also, a lower gas density would lead to a deeper depression of the τ = 1 surface, making possible the observation of deeper-lying stronger fields. The superstrong magnetic fields are expected to be nearly force-free, meaning that they can attain much larger strengths than expected when considering only balance between magnetic pressure and the local gas pressure.


A primary factor affecting the durability of bridge structures is the use of expansion joints at bridge support locations. The inability of current joint systems to provide reliable and effective long-term leakproof performance generally leads to early leakage of chloride-contaminated water through those joints, causing premature corrosion at girder ends and supporting substructures. The Ministry of Transportation of Ontario has tried to eliminate the expansion joints during deck rehabilitation by using a number of approaches. Some of the systems that have been implemented in recent projects include: (i) converting the simply-supported spans into a semi-continuous deck system by encasing the girder ends in a monolithic transverse concrete diaphragm, (ii) linking the simple spans by a thin concrete slab (flexible link slab) that spans between haunched beam sections on either side of link slab while keeping the girders discontinuous; and (iii) using a similar link slab concept except that the link slab is debonded from the girders for a longer length at each girder end. The paper discusses the relative merits of these systems from both technical and economic standpoints and provides examples of recent field applications of each system. The practical lessons that were learned and the field performance of each system to date are also presented.


Automation is a key technology for a sustainable and secure meat sector in the future, both in terms of productivity and work environment. New robotic technologies, such as the so-called "meat factory cell," (MFC) aim to contribute to this goal, but they require new "smart" tools that provide sensor feedback, which enable robots to perform complex tasks. This article presents one such tool: the smart knife, which gives real-time feedback on its contact status with meat, as well as cutting depth. The tool and the system are described, and its operation evidenced via electromagnetic (EM) simulation using the Ansys High-Frequency Structure Simulator. Furthermore, the performance of the knife is validated using pork loin meat: in the worst case, knife is shown to have an error of 1.78% for contact detection, and a mean error of 7.66 mm (±1.45 mm) for depth detection. This article also presents brief discussion regarding eventual use of the knife as part of the MFC control system, in addition to future work to be performed.


After the successful 2015 data taking with Micromegas detectors, targeting solar axion search, and with an InGrid detector, targeting solar chameleon search, CAST has started on its new 2016-2018 program which has been presented to SPSC at the 119 meeting in October 2015. This program extends the physics goals of CAST towards the search for solar chameleons using a force sensor (KWISP) and towards the search for relic axions using a microwave cavity inserted into the CAST magnet (CAST-CAPP). The search for solar chameleons and other axion-like particles was continued with a significantly upgraded InGrid detector. The new experiments make use different elements of the unique CAST infrastructure (KWISP: Abrixas XRT and sun pointing capability of CAST, CAST-CAPP: high magnetic dipole field), while the InGrid detector exploits all of CAST ́s features (Abrixas XRT, high magnetic dipole field, sun pointing). All three experiments within CAST have made significant progress in exploring these new approaches in 2016 which are reported here. Furthermore, the analysis of 2015 Micromegas and InGrid made good progress and is approaching finalization and publication.


Abstract Severity of Xanthomonas leaf spot of Pilea spruceana was highest for plants receiving intermediate fertilizer rates (recommended to 5 times the recommended rate) and decreased at rates of 6–9 times recommended rate. Plant growth responded similarly with highest quality plants most susceptible to Xanthomonas campestris. Tissue nutrient content for highest quality plants was as follows: N (2.2%), P (0.37–0.38%), K (1.2–1.4%), S (1.00–1.06%), Mg (1.03–1.24%), Ca (2.07–2.30%), Fe (62–76 mg/kg), Mn (358–370 mg/kg), B (50–55 mg/kg), Cu (10 mg/kg), and Zn (348–357 mg/kg). Leachate electrical conductivity for highest quality plants was approximately 200 μmhos/cm. The results indicate that optimizing the nutrient status for highest quality foliar growth of P. spruceana may result in conditions which maximize severity of Xanthomonas leaf spot.


Rice chaff - a polished substance extracted from Oryza sativa L. cv. Devamallige was used as a novel substrate for the production of the fibrinolytic enzyme. This vital enzyme is used in thrombolytic therapy, as a clot buster. The production was done by solid state fermentation of rice chaff by Penicillium chrysogenum SGAD12, locally isolated from vegetable markets. Of the 28 strains isolated and screened, Penicillium chrysogenum SGAD12 was found to give an inhibition zone greater than 2 mm. Hence it was identified as the potential organism showing maximum fibrinolytic activity under specified culture conditions. Activity optimization was done under the parameters: Time, Inoculum ratio, Moisture, particle size. The fibrinolytic activity was favourably maximized at 104 hrs, 7% (v/v) inoculum ratio, 35-45 % (v/w) moisture content and 500µm particle size.


In this work the phase behaviour of noble gases is studied comprehensively by different molecular simulation methods using different intermolecular potentials. The aim is to investigate three-body effects on the phase behaviour of noble gases. A true two-body potential model (Barker-Fisher-Watts potential) and the three-body potential model (Axilrod-Teller term) have been used. The results obtained from the two-body BFW potential with the three-body AxilrodTeller potential included for the vapour-liquid and solid-liquid phase equilibrium properties of pure noble gases are compared with the calculations using the LennardJones potential with different suggested parameter values. The results have been compared with experimental data and the best parameter values for simulating the thermodynamic properties of noble gases are found. Three-body effects on the phase behaviour of noble gases are reported for a large range of density, temperature and pressure. Simple relationships have been found between two-body and three-body potential energies for pure fluids and solids. Three-body effects on the vapour-liquid phase equilibrium properties of argon, krypton, xenon and argon-krypton systems are studied by the Gibbs-Duhem integration Monte Carlo method. Three-body effects on the solid-liquid phase equilibrium properties of argon, krypton and xenon are investigated by non-equilibrium and equilibrium molecular dynamics techniques. All the calculations have been compared with experimental data, which show that three-body interactions play an important role in the overall interatomic interactions of noble gases.


A central challenge for a Christian theology of truth is to reach an understanding of the claim that Jesus is the truth. In John's Gospel, Jesus tells his disciples "I am the way, the truth, and the life" (14:6), and in 1 John truth is predicated of the Holy Spirit (5:6). Moreover, the seemingly unresolved discussion about truth between Jesus and Pilate might plausibly be interpreted as an example of Johannine irony: Pilate asks Jesus "What is truth?" ignorant of the fact that the answer is the person he is addressing. A difficulty raised by these claims is to explain the meaning of the term "truth" as it is used in these contexts. For suppose we take it as meaning something similar or akin to truth as ascribed to a sentence like "grass is green" or to the corresponding belief. The problem is then in part to square the relevant passages in John and 1 John with current philosophical analysis, which takes statements, propositions, or other related entities to be the bearers of truth. In doing this, one must also explain what it means to predicate truth of or identify it with a person. It is this problem, and an attempt to deal with it in recent work by Bruce Marshall, that I will be exploring in this article. Marshall's work on truth is distinguished by both its philosophical expertise and the audacity of the thesis he puts forward. He contends that an adequate Christian theology of truth requires qualification, if not modification, of the fundamental truth schemata that inform most current philosophical theories of truth. For example, the disquotational schema


The Extreme Bandwidth Analyzer/Correlator (EBAC) is a hybrid photonic/RF signal receiver capable of spectrum analysis and direction finding of radio frequency signals received by wideband antennas. The signals from two or more antennas can be interfered and analyzed enabling both spectrum energy analysis and a phase sensitive mapping of the time differences of arrival for direction finding for every resolvable frequency. The technique of using cryogenically cooled crystal to perform the analysis enable narrow frequency resolution measurements across extremely broad instantaneous bandwidths. The technology operates over >;10 GHz instantaneous bandwidth, with <;1 MHz frequency resolution, and >;1 kHz full spectrum update rates, and low latency ~1 ms. Spectral analysis experimental laboratory results to date show 50 dB two tone spur free dynamic range. Combined spectrum analysis and direction finding experimental results to date show similar performance with a sub-ps time difference measurement accuracy at every resolvable frequency. While the current system is packaged and ready for field testing, improvements in the EBAC system performance and packaging continue to be achieved.


The foregoing pages include an account of the anatomy and histology of the male and female genital ducts of Ocenebra erinacea, Nucella lapillus, Nassarius reticulatus and Buccinum undatum. Observations have also been made on the mode of functioning of the ducts and the formation of the egg capsules. In both male and female it is possible to divide the genital ducts into a narrow and thin-walled proximal section which leads from the gonad and opens into a thick-walled glandular distal region, and in this respect the Stenoglossa agree with the mesogastropods. Near the junction of these two portions, in the female, arises the gonopericardial duct, which puts the genital duct into communication with the pericardial cavity; in males this structure i s lost or reduced to a vestige lying in a similar position. In males the upper part of the proximal region of the genital duct is used as a vesicula seminalis and the epithelium is capable of taking up and digesting effete or superfluous sperm. Sperms are passed from it into the anterior, distal region during the act of copulation, and secretion from the glands is mixed with them and provides the medium in which they are transferred to the female. In Ocenebra and Nucella this glandular region, the prostate, extends only as far as the opening of the mantle cavity, from which a continuation of the duct, without glandular walls, runs to the penis. The entire distal half of the male duct shows evidence of having been derived from an open seminal groove such as is found in Littorina.


During the 2006–2007 winter season in South Korea, several outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) were confirmed among domestic poultry and in migratory bird habitats. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all isolates were closely related and that all belong to the A/bar-headed goose/Qinghai/5/2005–like lineage rather than the A/chicken/Korea/ES/2003–like lineage.


Alexandria 's urban expansion has been greatly determined by the presence of two natural features: the Mediterranean and Lake Mariout. Leisure and tourism are focused on Alexandria's Mediterranean waterfront, whereas industry and sewage plants are centered around Lake Mariout. Despite plans and strategies to preserve the Lake, yet, urban sprawl, industrial pollution, and untreated wastewater are having a severe negative impact on the Lake's ecosystem. Moreover, the size of the Lake has drastically diminished over the past decades due to land infill and the pressure of urbanization from an overpopulated metropolis. According to the former situation, the paper debates very crucial questions: what is the future of the Lake?, and how to balance between preserving the ecosystem of the Lake, while making the necessary urban development?


We report transverse momentum (p(T) = 8 GeV/c are measured to be similar to the p + p results, despite the expected Casimir effect for parton energy loss.


We describe the intensity distribution of the parhelic circle for plate-oriented hexagonal ice crystals at very low solar elevations using geometrical optics. An experimental as well as theoretical study of in-plane ray-paths provides details on the mechanism for several halos, including the parhelia, the $120^{\circ}$ parhelia, the blue spot and the Liljequist parhelia. Azimuthal coordinates for associated characteristic features in the intensity distribution are compared to data obtained using a rotating hexagonal glass prism.


Taxes are something that must be paid by the Company in accordance with the income earned in a particular period or periods. Through tax planning (Tax Planning) right Taxpayers can make efficiency of tax payment in accordance with the tax regulations. This study will discuss how the applied bias Tax Planning to streamline the tax burden to be paid Kopdit Credit Union Equator Bakti. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of tax planning Kopdit Equator Bakti Credit Union so as to streamline the tax burden. Data were analyzed by descriptive method, by collecting, organizing, implementing, and analyzing data. Measures in Tax Planning, which collects the data needed for research, revisiting the fiscal correction made by the company to understand the policies and procedures that apply in the company related to taxation, analyzing the application of the Tax Planning to see weaknesses in their application, comparing the results with tax Planning application is made to see pakah streamline the tax burden already paid. The data collection is done with literature studies, interviews, and observations. Tax planning is part of the management of taxes that can be used in order to minimize tax payments to the state without violating the peraturaan taxation. The cooperative should be a better understanding of Article 6 (1) and Article 9 paragraph (1) of the Deductible and Non-Deductible Expense as well as all parts of the Tax Law No. 36 of 2008, as well as understand the rules of the old and the newest of the Income Tax Act in order tax Planning which could be applied in accordance with Regulation taxation and can avoid tax violations could incur fines and administrative sanctions. Keywords: Tax Planning, financial reporting, efficiency


At the present time,the people with middle and low income are lack of houses.Industrialists can't afford their house by their salaries.The reason of this complexion is that the largest force of the estate comes from investment purchase of house.The author analyzed the current situation of real estate industry in China,and brought forward total concepts of housing circulation system.


Husserl's phenomenology was shaped by his understanding of human reason. From the Logical Investigations to the Crisis, the problem of reason seems to be one of the main themes in Husserl's considerations. He approaches the issue from different angles, talking about the concepts of the world, time, and responsibility. Husserl's findings have led him to identify a crisis of culture. Scholars today should question Husserl's concept of reason in order to fully comprehend this thesis. This article argues that Husserl's concept of reason is constructed in correlation to unreason, leading phenomenologists to adopt a binary division between rationality and irrationality. In contrast to scholars who stress the rational character of Husserl's phenomenology, this article asserts that the introduction of the concept of irrationality into phenomenological investigations significantly broadens the original understanding of phenomenology as defined in the Investigations. His own research confronted Husserl with this question. Therefore, it is claimed here that phenomenology underwent a process of immanent development from the thesis of objective reason to the thesis about the correlation of reason and unreason. The "riddle of reason" was an expression used by Husserl in a note from 1910. He wrote about a "solitude full of mysteries," the condition of a 1 1 I would like to thank Zbigniew Wojnowski from University College London for help with grammar and style. thinker facing the task of solving "the riddle of the cognition Sphinx." In 1937, after almost thirty years of phenomenological studies, Husserl still spoke of the riddle as the "enigma of all enigmas." Continuously, the riddle of reason resounds today in Husserl's Nachlass as part of his investigations into the mind and the possibility of cognition. In order to solve the question, Husserl tried to build a phenomenology, a method which he hoped will lighten the field of rationality so "full of mysteries." Husserl wrote about the necessity to investigate the phenomenology of reason. This is why phenomenology, according to Ernst Wolfgang Orth, is "simply a name for the problem of reason — for human rationality itself." Therefore, it should not be surprising that "[w]e must constantly return ... [t]o Husserl's notion of Reason." In his work entitled The Operative Concepts in Husserl's Phenomenology, Eugen Fink, Husserl's assistant and collaborator, introduced a helpful distinction between "thematic" and "operative" concepts. He defined the former in the following way: "[c]onceptualization in philosophy aims intentionally at those concepts in which thought fixes and preserves what is being thought." The latter, by contrast, indicates that thinkers always "... use other concepts and patterns of thought, they operate with intellectual schemata which they do not fix objectively." For Fink, the central and 1 E. Husserl, Logik und allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie. Vorlesungen 1917/18 mit ergänzenden Texten aus der ersten Fassung von 1910/11, ed. by U. Panzer, Dordrecht, Nijhoff, 1996, p. 335; hereafter Hua XXX. 2 E. Husserl, Die Krisis der europäischen Wissenschaften und die transzendentale Phänomenologie. Eine Einleitung in die phänomenologische Philosophie, ed. by W. Biemel, Den Haag, Kluwer Academic Publ., 1976, p. 12; hereafter Hua VI; English transl. E. Husserl, The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology. An Introduction to Phenomenological Philosophy, transl. and introduction by D. Carr, Evanston, Northwestern University Press, 1970, p. 13; hereafter Crisis. 3 E. Husserl, "Persönliche Aufzeichnungen," Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 16 (3), (1956), p. 298. 4 E. W. Orth, "Phänomenologie der Vernunft zwischen Szientismus, Lebenswelt und Intersubjektivität," Phänomenologische Forschungen, 22, (1989), p. 64. 5 J. Derrida, Edmund Husserl's Origin of Geometry. An Introduction, transl., preface and afterword by J. P. Leavey, Jr., Lincoln and London, University of Nebraska Press, 1989, p. 144. 6 E. Fink, "Operative Concepts in Husserl's Phenomenology," in Apriori and World. European Contribution to Husserlian Phenomenology, ed. and transl. by W. McKenna, R. M. Harlan and L. E. Winters, introduction by J. N. Mohanty, The Hague, Nijhoff, 1981, p. 59. 7 Ibid. Bulletin d'analyse phénoménologique V 2 (2009) http://popups.ulg.ac.be/bap.htm © 2009 ULg BAP 2 thematic concept of Husserl's thought is the concept of phenomenological reduction. However, inasmuch as we present reduction as a kind of performance (Leistung) of reason, the main theme of phenomenology can be understood to be reason. In this article, I view reason as a phenomenological "Sache"; to put it precisely, I seek to go back to the "Sache." In the Preface to his book about Husserl and Fink, Ronald Bruzina writes that "[i]n inquiring into the phenomenological sense of 'die Sachen selbst,' no topic and no finding can stand alone. Every 'Sache' is a knot of the cross-weaving of many 'Sachen,' and the tug along any thread on connection will lead to endlessly many more." Therefore, our search for Husserl's concept of rationality will necessarily involve the study of many topics. First of all, we will consider the concept of objective reason and its critique. Secondly, we will proceed to reconstruct the question of reason, seeking to discover unreason as a correlative element of the theory of rationality. Finally, the article will outline connections between reason and unreason. 1. Objective reason and the crisis of philosophy Surprisingly, secondary literature has from the start driven to evaluate Husserl's theory of reason, rather than reconstructing it. Consequently, a reconstruction of the arguments involved in the evaluation of his work can provide interesting insights into Husserl's concept of reason. Above all, scholars who study Husserl have associated phenomenology with the Logical Investigations and the thesis about "the unbounded range of objective reason." Of course, in the Investigations, Husserl introduced the concept of reason as a norm: the "rational" can designate the "normal." Conversely, "normality" is also accepted by any rational individual. Hence, following 1 Ibid., p. 62. 2 R. Bruzina, Edmund Husserl & Eugen Fink. Beginnings and Ends in Phenomenology, 1928 – 1938, New Haven, London, Yale University Press 2004, p. xvii. 3 E. Husserl, Logical Investigations, Vol. 1, transl. by J. N. Findlay, London and New York, Routledge, 2001, p. 223; hereafter LI. 4 Cf. LI, p. 17. Husserl in the Investigations presents following proposition: "We call a man 'reasonable', if we credit him with a habitual tendency to judge rightly, in his own sphere, of course, and in a normal frame of mind. A man regularly capable, when normal, of hitting off 'the obvious', what 'lies to hand', is a 'responsible thinker'" (LI, p. 62). Bulletin d'analyse phénoménologique V 2 (2009) http://popups.ulg.ac.be/bap.htm © 2009 ULg BAP 3 Husserl, we must accept the concept of reason as an ideal and/or unchangeable system of laws which justifies "truths in themselves." In an article written in 1939, Theodor W. Adorno argued that this theory was shaped by the mathematical character of phenomenology. In this respect, phenomenology seems to be similar to classical rationalism. In a series of lectures entitled Zur Metakritik der Erkenntnistheorie (which Adorno gave in Oxford between 1934 and 1937), phenomenology is recognized as an absolute science. The science, according to Adorno, justifies its own classifications by dualism of the essence and its fulfilment. The essence seems to be "in itself"; to reach the essence means to use mechanisms inscribed in the phenomenological method. For the author of Metakritik, phenomenology introduces an ideal sphere of investigations; moreover, the introduction of the primacy of organization and classification captures thinking in the framework of supra-temporal laws. These laws make it possible to understand thinking as "... a kind of counting apparatus which functions like a calculator." Therefore, Adorno asserts that from the phenomenological perspective reason is like a "machine" which transforms a given "material" according to ideal principles. Adorno's reconstruction of the theory suggests that phenomenology should be considered dogmatic and uncritical. At the same time, during the 1930s, Husserl criticized the theory of mathematical reason as well. Husserl's critique of mathematical reason pointed to a similarity between Adorno's critique and phenomenological philosophy. In a note from 1934, Husserl posed what he described as an "uneasy question": "[w]hat does the premise about the rationality of man who cognizes in a real and possible way mean?" In particular, the question sets out to challenge scientists, casting doubt on the latent premises of 1 "From his mathematical beginnings to the very end he was concerned only with the justification of vérités éternelles, and for the passing phenomena he held all the contempt of the classical rationalist" (T. W. Adorno, "Husserl and the Problem of Idealism", The Journal of Philosophy, 37, 1 (1940), p. 6-7). 2 T. W. Adorno, Zur Metakritik der Erkenntnistheorie. Drei Studien zu Hegel, Frankfurt am Main, Suhrkamp 2003, p. 13. 3 Ibid., p. 69. 4 Cf. ibid., p. 143. 5 E. Husserl, Die Krisis der europäischen Wissenschaften und die transzendentale Phänomenologie. Ergänzungsband: Texte aus dem Nachlass 1934-1937, ed. by R. N. Smid, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publ. 1993, p. 30; hereafter Hua XXIX. Bulletin d'analyse phénoménologique V 2 (2009) http://popups.ulg.ac.be/bap.htm © 2009 ULg BAP 4 positive sciences. It is alleged that the sciences are naïve to the extent that they rely on a "normal" concept of rationality. According to Husserl, a kind of "normality" is an "uncovered presupposition of the scientist." Furthermore, Husserl enquires what the implications of adopting a certain view of the world are, and he asks how the premise of rationality


We study metric conditions implied by a combinatorial curvature condition on a finite cubical 2-complex. Our main result is that any finite, simply connected, cubical 2-complex with the 8-property, admits a strongly convex metric.


The article attempts to attribute a painting by an unknown 17th century Dutch painter from the collection of the State Historical Museum (Moscow). On the basis of the technical and technological characteristics of the painting revealed through initial examination, as well as deciphering of the artist's signature discovered by the author of the article, the work is supposed to have been painted by Nicholas (Claes) Corneliszoon Moeyaert (1591-1655), one of the so-called "Pre-Rembrandtists", the group of Amsterdam-based artists whose creative style influenced the young Rembrandt. The master was known for multi-figure compositions on historical and biblical subjects. The small number of Moeyaert's works in Russian museum collections increases the cultural and historical significance of the painting from the collection of the State Historical Museum and emphasizes the need for its further research.


In this paper, the relationship between disturbing matrix and incosistency of judgement matrix is discussed and a useful iterative algorithm for improving the consistency of judenment matrix is proposed.


We investigate the potential contribution of a very specific feature to the quality of Chinese translations of English verbs. Researchers have studied the effects of the linguistic information about the verbs being translated, and many have reported how considering the objects of the verbs will facilitate the quality of translations. In this paper, we take an extreme assumption and examine the results: How will the availability of the Chinese translations of the objects help the translations of the verbs. We explored the issue with thousands of samples that we extracted from 2011 NTCIR PatentMT workshop and Scientific American. The results indicated that the extra information improved the quality of the translations, but not quite significantly. We plan to refine and extend our experiments to achieve more decisive conclusions.


Some issues pertinent to the design of collider rings for relativistic heavy ions are presented. Experiments at such facilities are felt to offer the best chance for creating in the laboratory a new phase of subatomic matter, the quark‐gluon plasma. It appears possible to design a machine with sufficient exploration of the heaviest nuclei in nature, to allow a thorough exploration of quark‐gluon plasma.


848 sedentary, obese women (47±11 yrs, 92±18 kg, 163±7 cm, 45±4% body fat) were medically screened prior to participation in an exercise and weight loss program. Medical data and fasting blood samples were collected and a correlation analysis was used to examine relationships between resting energy expenditure (REE), body composition and serum markers of health and safety. Baseline REE levels were significantly (all p<0.001) correlated to systolic blood pressure (r=0.093), diastolic blood pressure (r=0.199) and resting heart rate (r=0.166) in addition to higher levels of body mass (r=0.666), DEXA fat mass (r=0.569), DEXA fat‐free mass (r=0.694), DEXA % body fat (r=0.195),waist circumference (r=0.423) and hip circumference (r=0.549). In addition, REE values were positively correlated (p<0.001 to 0.010) to triglycerides (r=0.104), total cholesterol: HDL ratio (r=0.112), uric acid (r=0.130) and negatively correlated to HDL cholesterol (r= ‐0.161). REE levels were not correlated to total cholesterol (r= ‐0.038; p=0.29), LDL cholesterol (r= ‐0.012; p=0.75) and glucose levels (r=0.060; p=0.10). Data from this large sample provide continued support that management of REE levels is intimately related to several variables central to obesity and heart disease.


Examples of anti-Dib in antenatal patients [1, 21 have been associated with either mild or non-existent haemolytic disease of newborn (HDN), although this antibody has been implicated as a cause of delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction [3]. We report a further example of anti-Dib not causing HDN, although the infant was born with a strongly positive (3+) direct antiglobulin test. An untransfused primigravida was found to have a red cell (RBC) alloantibody reactive with all panel cells, during her first antenatal visit in Chile at 12 weeks gestation. Samples were referred to the North London Blood Transfusion Centre for further serological investigation. The antibody reacted by two-stage papain, manual lowionic strength polybrene and indirect antiglobulin techniques. No decrease in antibody activity was seen when the serum was tested by the indirect antiglobulin technique (IAT) against RBCs treated with 6% AET or 0.2molA DTT. The patient's RBCs grouped as 0, RIRl (CCDee) and tests with antisera to high frequency antigens showed them to be Di(b-). The patient's serum gave negative results when tested against one example of Di(b-) RBCs. The antibody had a titre of 1 in 8 with Di(a-b+) cells and 1 in 4 with Di(a+b+) cells by IAT, and this potency remained constant throughout pregnancy. Further tests showed that the antibody was IgG3 (Netherlands Red Cross subclassing reagents) and failed to bind complement when tested in either a one-stage or two-stage IAT against a Di(b+) RBCs. When tested in a monocytedriven antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay [4], the antibody mediated a degree of haemolysis equivalent to that given by the laboratory's own 4% standard, suggesting that it was unlikely to cause HDN. A full-term group 0 RhD-positive infant was delivered, and although the direct antiglobulin test was positive (3+), there were no clinical signs of HDN. Unfortunately the baby was not born at the hospital responsible for the patient's antenatal care. As a result, further laboratory investigations (haemoglobin, bilirubin and antibody elution) were not carried out. The baby did not require exchange transfusion and was discharged from hospital 2 days after delivery. Three follow-ups at the well baby clinic showed a healthy baby with no signs of anaemia or jaundice. The failure of this example of IgG3 anti-Dib to cause in vitro and in vivo RBC destruction may reflect its low potency, especially with cells with heterozygous expression of Dib.


In Portugal, the municipality (or county) and its administrative control scales and territory are the product of a process remotely consolidated and built over centuries; however, it is controversial still in terms of legislative determination, as reframed by recent Law 11-A, which in 2013 established the 'aggregation of freguesia'. This paper seeks to discuss the terms municipality and municipalism as concepts and the political-administrative practices established in a given territory, in this case Portugal, to allow its redevelopment as a product of social cohesion or conflict of interest. The theoretical framework is limited to classical Portuguese literature and its main scholars: Henriques Nogueira, Alexandre Herculano and Marcelo Caetano. Theoretical foundation is limited to the classical Portuguese literature and its main scholars: For these, the history of Portugal, from its origins, is directly linked to the institution of the municipality, the subject addressed in this article.


Cats are routinely surgically neutered. While traditionally, this is done around the age of 6 months, neutering can also be done earlier e.g. between 2 and 4 months. FVE in this document defines early neutering as neutering before the age of 4 months. In some countries, early neutering is widely used whereas in other countries this practice is not common. In the document below, you can find an overview of the advantages and dis-advantages of early neutering.


The editorial board announced this article has been retracted on October 22, 2012. If you have any further question, please contact us at: email@example.com


Pyrene, 4,5-dihydropyrene and 4,5,9,10-tetrahydropyrene have been found to form a true solid solution over a range of composition. The measured fluorescence decay lifetime of pyrene in a hydrogenated pyrene matrix has been found to depend on the wavelength at which the emission is monitored, but not on the wavelength of excitation.


An iterative statistical identification method, based on Bayesian approach, was used to identify the actual stiffness and prestressing force of a prestressed simply supported beam with unbonded curved tendons. A finite element model, with consistent mass matrix, was used as analytical model and the first three natural frequencies of the beam were used as experimental modal parameters. Because the procedure involves inversion of matrices, the ill-conditioning of the problem was also investigated. The aim of this paper is to identify a reliable model of a prestressed beam which represents very well the real structure by identifying the stiffness parameters and the prestressing force. This model can be used, then, as a reference model to detect damage or loss of prestressing force. It was seen that the accuracy of the identified parameters and the rate of convergence are highly influenced by the coefficients of variation assigned to the various parameters. The effect of the uncertainties associated with the physical and experimental parameters on the accuracy of the identification results was illustrated by some graphics and tables. Other graphics and tables show the utility of the improved statistical identification method to accelerate the convergence of the identified parameters.


OBJECTIVE To explore and analyze the factors of nervous system infection after craniotomy in elderly patients so as to reduce infection incidence.METHODS A total of 256elderly patients who underwent craniotomy in our hospital between Aug.2010and Aug.2012were randomly selected.The 32patients with postoperative nervous system infection were assigned into the observation group,and 224patients without infection were assigned into the control group.Investigation on the patients was conducted by questionnaire.The content of questionnaire included clinical information of patients,time of operation,etiological diagnosis,usage of H2receptor blocker and the information of the operator.The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0software.RESULTS The rate of patients who were operated more than three hours in observation group was 81.25%,and 29.02% in control group.The misuse of drugs also increased the infection rate;the rate of patients who took H2receptor blocker in observation group was 65.63%,and 20.09%in control group.The main diseases included hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage,cerebral contusion and intracranial tumors.The duration of operation,the title of the operator,and the usage of H2receptor blocker were the risk factors for nervous system infection after craniotomy.CONCLUSION The reasons of nervous system infection after craniotomy in elderly patients are long time of operation,non-proficient skills of operators and misuse of drugs.Clinical staff should pay attention to these reasons,reduce the rate of nervous system infection in order to perfect the operation effect.


This paper outlines several procedures for developing allowable compressive stress rules in the creep regime (time dependent regime). The rules are intended for the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel codes (Sections I and VIII). The proposed rules extend the methodology presently outlined in Sections I, II-D, and VIII of the ASME code for temperatures below the creep regime into temperatures where creep is a consideration.Copyright © 2018 by ASME


Thank you very much for downloading pnf in practice an illustrated guide. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite books like this pnf in practice an illustrated guide, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their computer. pnf in practice an illustrated guide is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the pnf in practice an illustrated guide is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Background: Clinical studies indicated that nitric oxide (NO) donors cause regional changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), similar to those reported in spontaneous migraine. Systemic nitroglycerin (NTG), a NO donor, is a well-accepted experimental model of migraine. In this study we have examined the effects of NTG on the meningeal and cortical blood flow in rats. Methods: Regional blood flow was monitored in male Sprague-Dawley rats using laser Doppler flowmetry before and after NTG/saline injection over 150 minutes. The effect of pre-treatment with Nω-nitro-L-arginine ester (L-NAME) or 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) on NTG-induced changes on blood flow was also investigated. Results: In the dura NTG caused a biphasic response represented by an initial decrease in blood flow followed by a significant increase. At variance, in the cortex NTG caused only an increase in blood flow. Pre-treatment with either L-NAME or 7-NI prevented NTG-induced increase in blood flow in both districts, while only L-NAME also prevented NTG-induced decrease in dural blood flow. Conclusion: The present findings provide additional information on the timing of effects of NTG on blood flow at both the meningeal and cortical levels. These effects seem to be related to vasoregulatory mechanisms and/or metabolic activity in response to the synthesis of endogenous NO.


Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology enables higher transmission capacity without additional frequency spectrum and is becoming a part of many wireless system standards. Sphere detection has been introduced in MIMO systems to achieve maximum likelihood (ML) or near-ML estimation with reduced complexity. This paper reviews related work on sphere detector implementations and presents an application-specific instruction set processor (ASIP) implementation of K-best list sphere detector (LSD) using transport triggered architecture (TTA). The implementation is based on using memory and heap data structure for symbol vector sorting. The design space is explored by presenting several variations of the implementation and comparing them with each other in terms of their latencies and hardware complexities. An early proposal for a parallelized architecture with a decoding throughput of approximately 5.3 Mbps is presented


S E principal obstacle in the way of determining the coni0 position of metal objects of great antiquarian value or archeological significance is that the chemist is very frequentlhnot permitted to sample such objects, even to t,he extent of ohtaining sufficient material for microanalysis. Hence only physical methods of measurement can be used. Of such methods the oldest, simplest, and quickest are those that depend upon the measuremrnt of density or specific gravity. (The term specific gravity seems to be preferable here because of the customary use of this term in the literature of the subject and because most of the former measurements to which reference is made in this paper are recorded as specific gravities and not as true densities.) Though such methods have often been used in the past for estimating the (*omposition of samples of modern alloys, especially t,hose of the precious metals, and of objects composed of these alloys, and have been used occasionally for estimating the ~0111position of ancient metal objects, especially gold objects, not much att,ention has been paid to the validity of thc results. The present paper discusses critically the validity and utility of specific gravity measurements as a means of estimating the composition of all kinds of ancient metal objects.


Background: Pericardial rupture is a rare diagnosis, usually occurring secondary to
high energy blunt force trauma, which can result in subluxation of the heart. Aim: To determine a suitable method for repair of a pericardial defect post
traumatic pericardial rupture. Case: We present a 55-year-old male who
was found to have a large pericardial defect intra-operatively while undergoing
an elective Ross procedure. The defect was repaired with a Gore-Tex membrane.
The patient underwent revision sternotomy and repair of the pericardium due to
inadequate laxity of the repaired pericardium resulting in hemodynamic instability. Conclusion: Synthetic membranes, such as Gore-Tex membranes, can be used
successfully for repair of large pericardial defects but care must be taken to
prevent undue tension secondary to taut repair, resulting in hemodynamic
compromise.


Statistical detectors that are based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulators have emerged as promising low-complexity solutions to both multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and code division multiple access (CDMA) communication systems. While these types of detectors achieve unprecedented near capacity performance, i.e., when operated in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, they exhibit a serious problem at medium to high SNR regimes, referred to as the "stalling" problem. In this paper, we investigate the sources of this degradation and propose a new search strategy called constrained MCMC to remedy the issue of stalling.


We used a magneto-optical effect to control coherent backscattering in a multimode fiber. A continuous transition from a backscattered peak to a dip was realized by manipulating the relative phase between reciprocal paths.


The ligand 1-(2-furylmethylene)-2-(2-furyl)benzimidazole (L), CoL2Cl2 (1), ZnL2(NO3)2 (2), CdL2(CH3COO)2 (3), and CoL2(NO3)2 (4) were synthesized in excellent yields using a simple and convenient method. These complexes were characterized by UV–vis spectra, IR spectra, elemental analysis, and Thermogravimetric analysis. Single crystals of 1–3 were obtained and their structures were determined by X-ray structure analysis. Luminescence of these complexes was also investigated.


Objective To establish a specific method for determination of forbidden addition drugs of Diazepam,Clonazepan and Estazolam in tranquilizing mind Traditional Chinese Medicine.Methods Diazepam,Clonazepam and Estazolam were determined and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS.ACQUITY BEH C_(18) analysis column(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm) was used with the mobile phase of 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate and acetonitrile(90:10) with gradient elution.The flow rate was 0.4 ml/min,and the detection wavelength was 254 nm.EIS ion source was used with positive ion monitoring.Results The standard curves of Diazepam,Clonazepam and Estazolam showed good linearity over the concentration rang of 109.8~878.4,102.1~816.8,106.9~855.2 ng/ml,The detection limits were 0.06,2.5×10~(-3),2.8×10~(-3) ng, the quantitation limits were 0.19,8.2×10~(-3),9.2×10~(-3) ng,the average recoveries of three chemicals was 95.7%~103.7%.Conclution The method was specific,sensitive,easily and quickly,which could be used to detect Diazepam,Clonazepan and Estazolam in tranquilizing mind traditional Chinese medicine.


A distinguished authority in productivity discusses here a major practical problem of business—should union wage negotiations be based on a "productivity formula"?


This study focuses on the broom production process in MSMEs. The main purpose of investigating is identifying the waste that occurs in the production process so that it can be done the easiest way to improve the quality and competitiveness of broom products at UD. This study uses lean manufacturing in eliminating waste using value stream mapping tools and Fishbone diagrams. The results of this analysis showed that non-value added activity (NVA) was 88.7%. The value added (VA) activity was 10.7% and the required but non-value added (NNVA) activity had the lowest proportion of the three other activities, namely 0.6%. There are four types of waste that occur, namely waste of defects of 21.95%, waste of overproduction of 19.51%, waste of waiting 17.07%, and waste of waiting of defects of 17.07%.


This paper addresses the problem of fault estimation and fault-tolerant control for a class of non-Gaussian stochastic systems subject to simultaneous time-varying actuator and sensor faults. In this work, sensor faults, actuator faults, and general stochastic characteristics are taken into consideration in a unified framework. For such systems, the output distribution is adopted in designing the controller. Square root rational B-spline approximation is used to fit the distribution shape. An on-line fault estimation scheme is proposed for simultaneous actuator and sensor faults estimation. Then, an augmented adaptive fault tolerant controller is designed to compensate for the faults and realize stochastic output distribution tracking.


The paper presents a brief summary of the theoretical and practice issues that sustain the debate about the effects of countercyclical fiscal policy (CFP). Three issues emphasized by the critics of the keynesian model (IS-LM) are discussed: the inflation effect, the crowding out effect and the public debt. The aim of this discussion is not to defend or to deny the efficacy and convenience of CFP, but, based on the post-keynesian approach, to analyze the macroeconomic conditions under which this kind of policy is more, or less, recommended. It is argue that both the IS-LM model, which always "believes" in the good effects of the CFP, and the neo-monetarist model, which preaches its end, in an "autistic" attitude, that ignores the damaging macroeconomic effects of this proposal, are limited approaches of the issue. KEY-WORDS: fiscal policy; public debt; Keynes; post-keynesian model. AREA DA ANPEC: Area 04: Economia do Setor Publico. CLASSIFICACAO JEL: H30; H63; E12.


The problems discussed include the concepts of the Polish model of continuing education for librarians at the present time, and the changes which should be made in the future.


CB/PP composites were prepared by melt blending-mould pressing.The distribution of CB particles in PP matrix was observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM).The effect of the blending time,volume fraction of CB on the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties was investigated.The results showed that the blending time greatly affect the electrical conductivity of the composites,the optimum blending time was 15 minutes.It was found that the volume resistivity,the elongation at break reduced and Young's modulus improved with the increase of the volume fraction of CB in the CB/PP composites.The tensile strength of CB/PP composites increased at the beginning and then reduced as the volume fraction of CB increased.When the volume fraction of CB was 5%-10%,the volume resistivity reduced to ten orders of magnitude.


1. Dental turbine drill, comprising a handle and a head connected to the handle, wherein the head comprises a head body and an inner part placed in the cavity of the head body, wherein the head body comprises a wall of the head body and the head cover body and the inner part consists from the turbine to the connecting shaft and the upper and lower bearings installed on the upper and lower the seat the seat on the shaft connecting the turbine to the turbine shaft, the upper and lower bearings installed into corresponding bearing seats in the head body, wherein the dental turbine drill is characterized in that the turbine chamber is formed between the upper bearing and lower bearing, and is equipped with a turbine cavity air supply duct and the air return channel; wherein the top portion of the upper bearing landing place is an upper outlet air duct, and the lower part of the lower bearing planting place is a bottom exit air duct; and a connection between the handle and the housing head is a handle neck, the body and head and handle are made of plastmassy.2. Dental turbine drill according to claim 1, characterized in that the bill LED lamp is installed on the outer circumference of boron socket on the outer side wall of the head body, and a bill LED lamp is connected to the power source and the switch, wherein the switch relates to a pneumatic membrane switch provided on vozduha.3 lower exit channel. Dental turbines


A gap exists in catchment modelling approaches that can be filled by biophysical models. We have run biophysical models for a catchment to describe the water balance and erosion due to the interactions between the soil, vegetation, management and climate for each paddock. The paddock scale results were used in two ways. Firstly, the water balance components and erosion rates were presented as a map and used as a risk assessment tool. Secondly, the run-off, drainage and erosion from each paddock were added together to predict whole catchment stream flow, groundwater recharge and sediment export rate respectively. Stream flow and groundwater recharge were also used as inputs into the 2CSalt model to predict salt export from the sub-catchment. Monthly run-off for the catchment was well described by the models (R2= 0.9). Sediment export rates were not easily tested due to limited observations but biophysical modelling has proved useful for catchment planners to prioritise erosion management. We see the advantage biophysical models provide over other methods, is the ability to assess a proposed land use system at the paddock scale (a manageable land unit), while also being able to assess the impact of paddock scale action on the catchment.


Spatially localized structures in nonlinear optical cavities, including Kerr resonators, optical parametric oscillators, saturable media and second harmonic generation, have attracted a large amount of attention in the last years. In particular, the existence of localized structures (LS) in nonlinear optical cavities have been recently shown [1, 2, 3]. These narrow soliton-like structures exist for a quite broad range of values of the pump for which there is bistability between two equivalent homogeneous solutions. Here we show the existence of a novel kind of stable localized structures, the stable droplets (SD) which have a much larger size and which are in fact large stable circular domain walls connecting the two homogeneous solutions.


A new strain ofFriend recombinant minkcell focus-inducing retrovirus, FMCF-1-E, was foundtoinduce leukemias inNFSandIRW mice. Although theisolate was obtained fromastock ofFMCF-1(Troxier etal., J. Exp.Med.148:639-653, 1978), FMCF-1-Ewas distinguishable fromFMCF-1byoligonucleotide fingerprintingandantigenic analysis, using monoclonal antibodies. Theseanalyses suggested thatFMCF-1-Eisa distinct FMCF isolate rather thana simple variant ofFMCF-1.After neonatal inoculation, thelatency forleukemia induction was 3to8months. Asimilar longlatency was also seenwhenFriend murineleukemia virus 57was inoculated intoadult (6-week-old) IRW mice.However, sequential inoculation ofFMCF-1-Eatbirth followed by Friend murineleukemia 57at6weeksofageledtoashortened latency period (2.5 to4months). Onlyneonatal inoculation ofFriend murineleukemia virus 57was abletoinduce a more rapid appearanceofleukemia. The leukemia cell typeinthemajority ofcases,regardless ofvirusinoculation protocol, was erythroid, but occasional myeloid, lymphoid, andmixedleukemias were alsoobserved. Incontrast toNFSandIRW mice, BALB/cmicewere resistant toleukemia induction byFMCF-1-Eandalsoshowedsome transient resistance to leukemia induction byFriend murineleukemia virus 57. Manyretroviruses caninduce neoplastic transformation in mice(23). Although oncgenesresponsible fortransformationhavebeenidentified inseveral rapidly transforming viruses, inslowly transforming viruses suchgenes havebeen difficult toidentify (2,20). Thisproblem hasbecomemore complex duetothediscovery thatafter inoculation or endogenous expression ofecotropic murine leukemia viruses(MuLV)newdual-tropic minkcell focus-inducing (MCF) viruses aregenerated (18, 19,25). Theseviruses appear tobe recombinants between ecotropic virus andendogenous non


In this paper, based on action research in three case projects, we look into the future of demand driven control concepts for companies in commodity supply chains. The paper describes the development of control concepts from its origin of two-bin based systems up to today's advanced computer based concepts. Future control concepts based on access to real-time information is suggested. A clear trend today is that control concepts are becoming more advanced, automated and intelligent, due to the increasing complexity of the manufacturing environment and increasing customer demand for customised products. In future companies need to become faster, more flexible and more responsive, and the possibilities to meet these requirements are given by innovations in ICT and data capturing technologies such as RFID. The change towards sense-and-respond supply chains requires however a deeper transition than just integration of RFID-captured data in existing processes. New demand driven control concepts are needed.


Recently urban areas have been advanced in the aspects of convenience, traffic, and cultural environments, but they have faced various problems including environmental issues, traffic congestion, and increasing stress. In contrast, rural areas are in charge of various functions, conservations of natural environments and traditional cultures. Rural life style may be beneficial to urbanites. As urbanites are increasingly interested in leisure activities, such as experiences of tradition cultures and education, safe foods and rural tourism are gaining attention as alternative ways of satisfying their desires. In other words, the rural tourism not only provides urbanites with leisure spaces by playing a role in relations between urban and rural areas, but also acts as a nonfarm income to the rural residents. With the changes of time, the number of current rural experience tourism on a nationwide is increasing and competition among locations is getting intensive. Particularly, despite various rural tourism villages in operation, there is not a standard in the dice for experience cost and accommodation costs. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to estimate urbanites` willingness to pay(WTP) for rural experience tourism and to provide basic data for qualitative growth and revitalization with regard to the tours. The estimated WTP for rural experience tourism was found to be 5,600won for experience, 5,600won for food, 42,000won for accommodation, and 13,000won for purchasing farm products, respectively. This trend could be similarly found (there were slight differences in food cost) on all analyses, such as the research of the current situations of rural tourism villages in Gyeongnam province, the pilot survey and the estimation depending on whether or not urbanites experienced the tours. In other words, the WTP for urban hands-on experience tours estimated by this study is considered highly significant in terms with possibility of its application in the sites. It is concluded that the urbanites` WTP for rural experience tourism obtained by this study will contribute to the setup of standard index of rural tourism, the qualitative development of rural hands-on experiences, and the raise of nonfarm income.


The elevated temperature fatigue strength and room temperature tensile properties and fatigue strength of cast Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.15B(atomic fraction, %) alloy after thermal exposure were investigated. The microstructural change of the bulk alloy and the microstructure of surface layer after 650 ℃/100 h and 800 ℃/100 h exposures were analyzed by means of XRD and SEM. The room temperature tensile ductility and fatigue strength decreased slowly with increasing exposure temperature when it is below 650 ℃, and then rapidly decreased above this temperature. Dependence of fatigue strength for the unexposed alloy with test temperature exhibits the same trend. The surface layer formed after 650 ℃/100 h exposure is an oxygen-enriched layer, while that after 800 ℃/100 h exposure is an oxide layer consisting of TiO2 and Al2O3. Such a change in the nature of the surface layer corresponds to the onset of rapid drop in mechanical proerties and fatigue strength of the alloy with increasing exposure temperature.


Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that enter the blood circulation after detaching from the primary tumor and can migrate to reach distant organs, where they can give rise to aggressive metastasis. Clinical studies have revealed that the presence of CTCs in peripheral blood is correlated with disease progression in lung cancer. However, as CTCs are rare cancer cells released from tumors into the bloodstream, both enrichment and sensitive detection methods are technically challenging. In order to best understand how CTCs are currently being deployed, this review mainly focuses on the different detection methods for CTCs. Furthermore, we will describe the clinical impact of circulating tumor cells in lung cancer and discuss their potential use as biomarker to guide the prognosis.


To evaluate the effects of styrene exposure on learning, adult male Long-Evans rats learned repeated reversals of a spatial discrimination task. Styrene monomer (50% vol/vol in corn oil) was administered by gavage to groups of eight rats at 500 mg/kg/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks in Experiments (Exps) I and II (total dose = 20.0 g/kg) or for 1,3,5, or 8 weeks in Exp III (total dose = 2.5, 7.5, 12.5, or 20.0 g/kg). Control rats received corn oil vehicle for 8 weeks. Reversal training began 8 (Exp I), 10 (Exp II), or 32 (Exp III) weeks after termination of dosing. In Exp I, an instrumental (IN) schedule was used, under which rats received food after each presentation of a "positive" response lever (S+ ) only if they had made at least one response during that presentation of S+. In Exps II and III, an automaintenance (AU) schedule was used, under which rats received food after every presentation of S+, regardless of responding. In all experiments, a second manipulandum (S°) was presented randomly in time with respect to S + and food delivery. A discrimination ratio (DR) was calculated as the proportion of total responses on S+ in each block of 10 trials. A reversal involved switching the reward values of S+ and S°. Serial reversal learning was quantified in terms of trials to criterion. Reversal learning improved similarly in control and treated rats trained under the IN schedule, whereas treated rats trained under the AU schedule failed to improve as much as controls. Reversal learning of some styrene-treated AU rats in Exp III continued to be impaired for > 1 year after treatment. Increased responding on S° featured prominently in the behavioral effect of styrene. An IN schedule requiring suppression of S° responses for food in Exp III revealed a clear deficit in rats exposed to styrene. Not all treated rats were affected by styrene; nevertheless, changes in the affected individuals were as large as those previously observed after trimethyltin-induced lesions of the CNS. The incidence of impairment was not related to the total dose of styrene given, suggesting the action of other, undetermined factors affecting individual sensitivity to styrene.


We introduce the concept of locally excluded minors. Graph classes locally excluding a minor are a common generalisation of the concept of excluded minor classes and of graph classes with bounded local tree-width. We show that first-order model-checking is fixed-parameter tractable on any class of graphs locally excluding a minor. This strictly generalises analogous results by Flum and Grohe on excluded minor classes and Frick and Grohe on classes with bounded local tree-width. As an important consequence of the proof we obtain fixed-parameter algorithms for problems such as dominating or independent set on graph classes excluding a minor, where now the parameter is the size of the dominating set and the excluded minor. We also study graph classes with excluded minors, where the minor may grow slowly with the size of the graphs and show that again, first-order model-checking is fixed-parameter tractable on any such class of graphs.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we introdu e a methodology for rapid prototyping of appli ation-spe i instru tion set pro essors (ASIPs) in luding the automati generation of bit-true and y le-a urate instru tion-set simulators and orresponding retargeted ompilers. The methodology is based on ASMs (abstra t state ma hines) as the underlying formal model for des ribing a pro essor's behavior. We explain the major advantages of using ASMs and outline the main tool ow from graphi al entry of a pro essor's major RTL building blo ks to simulator generation as well as the urrent status of our proje t.


Background : It is well known that when macrophages are stimulated with endotoxin, they produce a wide variety of cytokine mediators, including TNF- and IL-1. However, there is an alteration in the macrophages' responsiveness when they are challenged with repeated bouts of endotoxin, termed "endotoxin tolerance" which is regarded as a self-protective phenomenon from continuous stimulation. In this study, endotoxin tolerance in the peripheral blood monocytes of sepsis patients was evaluated. Methods : Fourteen patients with organism-documented sepsis were included. The severity of illness was evaluated by APACHE II score. Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from the patients and diluted to well. After stimulation with endotoxin (LPS of E. coli O114 : B4, 100 ng/ml), they were incubated at in 5% incubator for 24 hours. Supernatant was collected for the measurement of TNF- and IL-1 with ELISA method. Peripheral blood monocytes of seven healthy volunteers were used as control. Results : The APACHE II score (meanSD) of the patients at the time of blood sampling was 12.25.7. The primary infection foci were urinary tract infection, pneumonia, subacute bacterial endocarditis, and catheter related infection, etc. The causative organisms were gram negative rods (10 cases), gram positive cocci (6 cases) with two cases of mixed infection. Serum TNF- could be measured in 4 cases with 29.927.7 pg/ml. Serum IL-1was measurable in only one patient. The TNF- level of supernatant of cultured peripheral blood monocytes was 2,7032,066 pg/ml in patients and 2,1021914 pg/ml in controls. The IL-1level of supernatant was 8841,050 pg/ml in patients and 575558 pg/ml in controls. There was no difference of TNF- and IL-1 level between patients and controls. Conclusion : We cannot prove the phenomenon of endotoxin tolerance in this study. Future study needs to be focused on the more severe sepsis patients who were taken for sampling earlier. Addition of serum to the culture medium could be an another valuable option for the success of this study.


IDI& have not yet learned how, for example , spreadsheets relate to mathematics instruction, or multimedia to English or fine arts instruction, or databases to science instruction. For computer education to avoid becoming simply another isolated set of skills and procedures to be mastered, a major effort in curriculum upgrading must occur within the academic disciplines, as they are practiced in typical school settings. When that happens, computer education will be increasingly meaningful to the schools of America. II References 1. Becker, H.J. School uses of microcomputers: Report #2 from a national survey. A t the start of the 1990s, the U.S. had about 110,000 schools (including colleges) serving over 60 million students [3, 4]. Inside these educational institutions at least 3.5 million teachers and 4.5 million computers served this vast body of students. Colleges had over twice as many computers as teachers, but elementary and secondary schools had about one computer per teacher. Many elementary and secondary schools placed their computers in classrooms, but the majority of the computers occupied student labs. The number of computers for precol-lege instruction has been growing at the rate of at least 10% per year [5]. The amount of software purchased by precollege schools has been growing at the rate of about 20% per year. The annual expenditures made by these schools for hardware and software alone adds up to about one billion dollars. This seems like a large investment, but the amount spent per student per year is only about $8 for software and $12 for hardware. with an annual total education expenditure of about $5,500 per pupil, the annual hardware and software expenditure per student is less than one half of one percent. When you add in support costs including maintenance, administrative staffing, and teacher training, the expenditure per student equals about $55 per student per year. Roughly 1% of the total cost of education is spent on computer related technology in elementary and secondary education [7]. Using data from QED [5], we can approximate the shape of the installed base of instructional computers in the schools by major computer type (See Table 1). Apple II and Ilgs systems still dominate elementary schools. About two-thirds of the computers used for instruction are Apple II or Ilgs systems and many schools continue to buy more. However, the IBM PC and compatibles, along with the Apple Macintosh, predominate in the plans for new …


The purposes of this research were 1. to study the relationship between Iddhipada 4 and the efficiency of excise tax collection   according to Iddhipada 4 and 2. to present ways for improving the efficiency of excise tax collection according to the 4 baht influence principle of the Phichit Area Excise Office Bang Mun Nak Branch, Pichit province.This study was a mixed methodology between qualitative and quantitative research. For the quantitative method, data were collected utilizing a survey from questionnaires. The sample consisted of 186 people from a total of 346 people by simple random sampling. The formula of Taro Yamane was used for calculating sample size. Data were collected by using questionnaires which had a reliability equal to 0.95. Data were analyzed by using computer program for social science research. The statistics used for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation (S.D.), inferential statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. For the qualitative research, in-depth interviews were conducted with 8 key informants using structured interviews and data were analyzed using descriptive method.
According to studies, it has been found that

The relationship between Iddhipada 4 and the efficiency of excise tax collection according to Iddhipada 4 of Phichit Area Excise Office, Bang Mun Nak Branch, Pichit province Classified by personal factors, it was found that, in general, there was a statistically significant difference at the level of 0.01 with positive correlations or a paired relationship at the highest level (Pearson Correlation (r) = 0.82). When considering the details in each side, it was found that the pair of responsibility awareness and Viriya was the highest correlation (r = 0.85), followed by the pair of standardization and Vimamsa (r = 0.80).
The development of the efficiency of the excise tax collection according to Iddhipada 4 of Phichit Area Excise Office, Bang Mun Nak Branch, Phichit province found that in the aspect of standard, there was a good and systematic service standard. There was a clearly specified operational procedure that can provide public services and the continuous development of the operating system was done; in the aspect of transparency, there was a channel for people to give comment and the principles of good governance were used to manage the work; in the aspect of responsibility consciousness, there was  awareness-raising for the operational staff to be aware of their roles and duties in order to provide effective public service; in terms of speed and simplicity, there were staff members who were knowledgeable and capable of providing service. The facilities were provided to the applicants sufficiently, and various technologies were used in providing services to the public resulting in people received a convenient and fast service; in the aspect of equipment, there were sufficient materials and equipment provided for service users.


-The liB, 15N and laF(a,7Li) reaactions have been studied at E~ = = 27.2 MeV to investigate the cluster structure of the above target-nuclei. The measured 7Lig.s. and 7Lio.47s angular distributions are analyzed with the contributions coming from the statistical and direct processes. The spectroscopic factors of the studied cluster configuration for the target-nuclei were deduced. The results are compared with the ones deduced by other authors at various incident energies.


This paper presents student proposals for redesigning the George Washington Memorial Parkway along the Rosslyn waterfront in Arlington, Virginia, as a case study in university and community partnerships. The George Washington Memorial Parkway, a registered historic landscape, lines the entire riverfront in Arlington, Virginia, and precludes most pedestrian access to the river, especially in Rosslyn, the most densely developed area adjacent to the waterfront. Landscape architecture and architecture students from the Washington Alexandria Architecture Center at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University examined the Rosslyn waterfront and proposed changes to the parkway as a means of accelerating community discussion about potential public access to the water. Six student projects that engage the parkway in various ways are presented, raising questions about historical integrity of the parkway and community access to the waterfront. The paper includes a discussion of the initial steps of Arlington County planners to engage a larger conversation about the work and the issues the projects raise and concludes with a discussion about the value and opportunities of collaboration between universities, communities, or public organizations.