Lime tree growing area is increasing in Mediterranean temperate regions. In these areas, climate change scenario is expected to raise air temperature and water shortages. Such scenario requires new approaches to implement a precision irrigation in agriculture. In order to use water more efficiently, it becomes necessary to accurately determining the crop water needs, which are estimated by crop evapotranspiration computations (ETc). In this study the ETc of young lime trees grown under Mediterranean conditions were determined using the soil water balance method. For this purpose, two-year old lime trees (Citrus latifolia Tan., cv. Bearss) grafted on C. macrophylla rootstock were cultivated in pot-lysimeters, equipped with capacitance and granular matric sensors for real-time monitoring of the soil water status. Irrigation, drainage, and pot weight were also monitored continuously. All measurements were integrated into a telemetry platform. Agro-meteorological variables, plant water status (stem (Ψstem) and leaf (Ψleaf) water potentials), and leaf gas exchange parameters (stomatal conductance (gs) and net photosynthesis (Pn)) were measured. Along the experiment, an automated irrigation protocol based on volumetric soil water content (θv) threshold values were programmed, guaranteeing an adequate lime tree water status. Irrigation dose was calculated based on a feed-back strategy maintaining θv within 30% management allowed depletion.

During the experimental period, the lime trees were well irrigated as revealed midday Ψstem values that were maintained above -0.8 MPa. Also, the mean seasonal values of ≈ 7 µmol m−2 s−1 and 80 mmol m−2 s−1, for Pn and gs, respectively, indicated optimal gas exchange values. The computed water balance parameters yielded values for the crop evapotranspiration from 0.25to 2.56 mm day-1, in winter and summer months, respectively, with maximum values in July when evaporative demand conditions were the highest. This soil water balance was daily validated by the pot weight balance through the year.

In conclusion, the automated irrigation of young potted lime trees, using soil water content as a control system variable, has ensured an adequate lime tree water status. A simple, robust weighing/drainage lysimeter, with real-time monitoring of the soil water balance parameters, has been proved practical and economical tool for crop evapotranspiration measurements.

Acknowledgments: This work was funded by Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-106226RB-C2-1/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and Fundación Séneca, Región de Murcia (19903/GERM/15) projects.


: Objective To find some important risk factors of acquiring severe hepatitis. Methods A case-control study and unconditional logistic regression analysis was conducted on 211 severe hepatitis cases. Results Five factors such as double infection of hepatitis virus, history of taking drugs which may do harm to the liver, over-tiredness before the occurrence of severe hepatitis, with other basic disease and other infections were important risk factors of acquiring severe hepatitis. Conclusion To take active methods avoiding these factors was very important to prevent the occurrence of acquiring severe hepatitis.


This is a brief review of the significance of Martin Rudwick's article, 'The Emergence of a Visual Language for Geological Science 1760–1840', published in this journal 40 years ago.


A synthesized crystalline lamellar sodium RUB-18 was reacted with hydrochloric acid solution to exchange the original hydrated sodium cation on the interlayer space to obtain the acidic form, H-RUB-18, whose silanol groups on the surface favour covalent bond formation with the silylating agents 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (N) and N-3-trimethoxysilylpropyldiethylenetriamine (3N). Both new organofunctionalized nanostructured materials were characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, NMR, thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The determined maximum amount of coupling reagents incorporated were 2.28 and 1.03 mmol g−1, for RUB-N and RUB-3N, respectively. The H-RUB-18 basal distance of 0.75 nm expands to 0.94 and 1.10 nm in two successive steps of reaction. Covalent bond formation between the organosilyl groups and the inorganic layered backbone was confirmed by 13C and 29Si NMR, as evidenced by carbon chemical shifts of the pendant organic chains and by the Q3 and Q4 sites, in addition to T2 and T3 species, that correspond to carbon–silicon bond formation from the pendant coupling reagents covalently attached to the H-RUB-18 structure. These two new synthesized materials have the ability to extract divalent cations from aqueous solution, using a batchwise process. The same interaction was also followed through calorimetric titration and the thermodynamic data, with high entropic contributions, indicated favourable cation/basic centre interactions at the solid/liquid interface.


Shoulder lameness, although a common condition in the dog, can be difficult to localize. Even when the lameness has been localized to the shoulder, identifying the precise cause can be frustrating. Occasionally it will difficult to determine the whether a specific structure is normal or abnormal. Numerous anatomical variants of the skeletal system exist that can easily be diagnosed erroneously as disease. In such cases, it is often helpful to take a radiograph of the contralateral shoulder for comparison or to consult radiographs of other animals of similar age and breed. This chapter covers indications; radiography; normal anatomy; contrast studies; alternative imaging techniques and abnormal image findings.


In December 2007, flooding in southwest Washington caused widespread damage to more than 200 businesses and farms. The Institute for Global and Community Resilience (IGCR) at Western Washington University's Huxley College of the Environment received a Quick Response Grant from the Natural Hazards Center at the University of Colorado to research the effects of this flood on businesses in Centralia and Chehalis, Washington. Working with local Offices of Economic Development, IGCR administered a 28-question survey to document risk perception and preparedness, impacts, and recovery strategies. Of the 63 businesses surveyed, 37 were flooded businesses and 26 were unflooded businesses. Analysis of the survey results showed that risk perception and preparedness were low prior to the flood. Preparedness was low among all businesses, but highest among those that had experienced flooding before. Questions about preparedness showed that twothirds of the respondents who had engaged in business disaster planning ranked it as very helpful. Despite this positive ranking, disaster planning assistance was ranked as one of the least useful activities to support business sector recovery. This suggested that disaster planning is useful but currently may not be understood well or appreciated by those who have not engaged in it. The survey also documented significant indirect impacts to local businesses. Poor sales were reported by both flooded and unflooded businesses in the weeks that followed the flood and remained poor for many businesses two months after the flood. This finding shows that businesses may benefit most when protective actions are taken, not just in isolation, but across the business sector and local communities. Sector-wide business disaster planning through sponsored trainings, mentorship, and networking may be useful in reducing both direct and indirect impacts. The authors plan to use the results of this survey to further develop the ResilUS community recovery model. The Institute for Global and Community Resilience is currently seeking funding to conduct longitudinal follow-up studies with affected business.


OBJECTIVE To investigate factors associated with tumor-free survival rates and methods of treatment for small cancer of the liver. METHODS A total 105 cases of small cancer of the liver (maximum diameter ≤5 cm in a solitary nodule or the sum of maximum diameters in double nodules ≤5 cm) were studied between 1983 and 2000. Patients were divided into an invasive group (primary tumor accompanied by any one or more of the following features: satellite nodules, venous invasion, adjacent organ involvement and double nodules) and a non-invasive group. RESULTS Three patients died from liver failure within 30 days after operation and 100 of the other patients were followed-up. The 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10-year survival rates after the first resection were 95.8%, 64.8%, 48.8%, 39.4% and 34.3% respectively. The main factors influencing tumor-free survival after radical resection were tumor size, presence or absence of satellite nodules or vascular invasion, the incisal edge, the UICC TNM stage, and the number of tumor nodules. The survival rate of the invasive group was significantly lower than that of the non-invasive group. Tumors of fifty-one cases recurred after radical resection. For the recurrent patients, treatments included a repeated resection for 17 cases, transcatheter artery chemotherapy and embolization (TACE) for 18 cases and no treatment or chemotherapy for 18 cases. The 1,3 and 5-year survival rates after repeated hepatectomy for recurrent patients were 82.4% , 51.3% and 34.2% respectively, which were higher than those in the non-resected group.CONCLUSIONS Factors that influence postoperative tumor-free survival rate were concluded to be early stage detection, tumor invasive or noninvasive traits and the incisal edge. For the recurrent patients, active treatment especially a second hepatectomy, is safe and feasible, and can improve the 5-year survival rate by 10 percent. The categorization of invasive and non-invasive groups for small cancer of the liver is useful in clinical work. For patients with invasive sm


A baseline survey was conducted in the Indian Telephone Industries (ITI) Limited Bangalore with the following objectives: to determine the current levels of fertility and contraceptive practice among the ITI employees; and to provide basic information for the systematic planning organizing and monitoring of the family welfare program through its well-equipped hospital. The decision was made to draw up a plan of action to cover all employees through a self administered questionnaire. The need to train a large number of employees with leadership qualities who could volunteer to help and guide their fellow workers in completing the questionnaires was determined to be essential before launching the survey. The training was conducted during December 1975 and January 1976. 85 employees were trained as volunteers drawn from almost all major divisions/departments. ITI management provided good cooperation and coordination. The broad areas covered by the survey were socioeconomic and demographic characteristics fertility history and past and current contraceptive practice. Of the over 17000 employees to whom the questionnaires were issued about 11700 completed it. Problems experienced during the survey are reviewed. During the 1st week of January 1976 all the heads of divisions/departments were requested to draw a sufficient number of questionnaires and distribute them among their employees. After the last date for drawing the questionnaires the staff of the Center along with the Welfare Officers began visiting the various departments. During these visits the following was found: several departmental heads had either not drawn the questionnaires from the stores or had drawn but failed to distribute them among employees; many questionnaires were either lost or misplaced; and a few heads of departments approached the stores after the questionnaires had been distributed and an additional delay was encountered when a new set of 5000 questionnaires had to be printed. The process of collecting the completed questionnaires was so cumbersome and time consuming that there was practically no time to look into the technical aspects. Some of the problems associated with the quantification of data were overcome at the time of card punching. Some tentative suggestions regarding conducting surveys of this nature are listed.


Method and apparatus are provided for a Fly-By-Wire (FBW) Control System governing loop-gain (GH) for digital signal processing (DSP) compensation, and with analog compensation, both with and without pilot-input affects, so that aircraft FBW control provides high-fidelity pitch, roll, and yaw axis performance comparable to the 0% Step-Response-Overshoot (SRO) results achieved with open-loop pilot-input only, using conventional controls. The method and apparatus include true modeling of "active" pilot input, with frequency-domain transmission of time-delay times single pole response, as easily calibrated against a step disturbance to the loop-gain, GH, of interest. Both time-delay and single-pole response are given an operating range, applicable from very quick to relatively slow or tired pilots, where out-of-range pilot slowness eventually degrades the fidelity of the pitch, roll and yaw axis performance, albeit in a continuously predictable manner.


The potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Rhizobia and flavonoid (3-o-glucoside kaempferol) to enhance P nutrition, N2 fixation as well as phenolic metabolism was investigated in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) in low-available P soil of southern Cameroon. The design was a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement laid out in a randomised complete block with three replicates. The N uptake and phenol content of cowpea only increased at 90 DAP following AMF inoculation. Flavonoid application significantly increased the percentage of root colonisation at 45 DAP and 90 DAP harvest ages. With respect to nodule number, P and N contents, ureide and phenol content, significant increases following flavonoid application were noticed only at 90 DAP. The significant interactions between the AMF inoculation and flavonoid application for root colonisation, P and N uptake, ureide and phenol content call for the possibility of using AMF and the 3-o-glucoside kaempferol flavonoid to improve growth, N2 fixation of cowpea in low available P soils of southern Cameroon.


The paper,based on Noldus Observer 5.0,samples 14 video sections of teaching competition of young teachers in Tianjin to observe the teachers' gestures in classroom.The results show that teachers use more frequently involuntary gestures than functional gestures,that the frequency of total gestures and involuntary gestures rises with teachers higher-rate awards,and that excellent teachers pay more attention to integrating gestures and traditional instruction.


The aim of this research is to identify the effect of emotional intelligence (EI) in managing changes in the work place and the attitude for a new change initiative. With this research we would like to prove that the success in managing changes and in the working performance in general, is not depending only on professional knowledge and the level of IQ of employees and managers, but also the level of emotional intelligence has a great impact on it. Based on research result from 265 respondent divided on 215 non-managers position and 51 respondent with managers/director position from different private and public institutions we have concluded that in Macedonia the success of managing changes is depending from the level of emotional intelligence. There is significant correlation between the level of EQ and the index of managing changes.


This exploratory study aims at understanding the social aspects of the Fourth Industrial Revolution by suggesting how the interface involving technological innovation and social innovation can resolve societal and socioeconomic problems with stress on sustainable development. The authors view social innovation and social enterprise as new amalgam for solving social problems in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. By applying theoretical analysis of the existing literature about the correlation between the Fourth Industrial Revolution and social innovation and social enterprise, they aim to describe the opportunities, forms, and the challenges unfolding in this new age. UK and China case studies will provide the empirical evidences that could support social innovators and social enterprises understand the implications in fields of application of the Fourth Industrial Revolution plus the interplay between them.


In this paper, we introduce and study a class of generalized vector quasi-equilibrium problem, which includes many vector equilibrium problems, equilibrium problems, vector variational inequalities and variational inequalities as special cases. Using one person game theorems, the concept of escaping sequences and without convexity assumptions, we prove some existence results for generalized vector quasi-equilibrium problem.


The lyotropic liquid crystal morphology of polycaprolactone(PCL)/ethyl cellulose(EC) blends in dichloroacetic acid has been studied by a polarizing light micrograph. The results indicate that the molecular weight of PCL affects the lyotropic liquid crystal textures of the blends obviously. Moreover, the results of DSC and FTIR show that the molecular weight of PCL can not affect obviously the compatibility and the interaction between PCL and EC. It can be consider that the effect of the molecular weight on the liquid crystal morphology and stability of the blends arises from the change of the viscosity in the systems.


PogostemonpatchouliPellet. Is an important aromatic plant, which gains commercial importance in recent years. The increasing demand for the essential oil both for the perfumery industry and pharmaceutical industry stressed th e need for systematic investigation for increasing the herbage and oil yield. An experiment was therefore carried out in Horticultural College and Research Institute in Periyakulam, to find the effect of different levels of Nitrogen and VAM levels on herbage and oil yield Patchouli. The study revealed that, effect of nitrogen and VAM had significant effect on yield and yield attributing characters. The plant height was increased with the increased dose of nitrogen and VAM application, the maximum plant height was recorded with 200kg/ha nitrogen and 50kg/ha VAM ( 89.51 cm). Application of 150kg/ha nitrogen and 50kg/ha VAM recorded highest number of laterals ( 20.27). Number of leaves was increased with application of nitrogen up to 15kg/ha and the highest num ber of leaves (361) was recorded with application of 150kg N/ha along with 50kg VAM/ha. The highest dose of nitrogen and VAM had significant influence on leaf area and leaf area index. Application of 200kg nitrogen with 50kg VAM/ha recorded the maximum lea f area and leaf area index but it was on par with nitrogen at 150kg/ha and VAM at 50kg/ha. Highest herbage yield (13.60 t/ha) and dry weight of herbage (4.07 t/ha) was recorded at 150kg N/ha and 5kg VAM/ha. Essential oil content of the treatments did not v aried significantly among the treatments. Essential oil yield in herbage was highest at 150kg nitrogen and 50kg VAM/ha(110.42 kg/ha). Highest mycorrhizal colonization percentage of 90.50% was recorded with the treatment receiving 150kg nitrogen/ha and 50 k g VAM/ha. In the nutshell of the research, application of Nitrogen @150kg/ha and VAM at 50kg/ha enhanced the quantitative and qualitative traits and recorded maximum cost benefit ratio (1: 3.67).


In recent years CRISPR Cas9 system has been proved as a versatile genetic tool for efficient target mutation in a variety of plants. (CRISPR)-associated Cas9 Nuclease system can efficiently incorporate high frequency targeted mutation wherein Cas9 act as endonuclease coupled with an oligosgRNA sequence. This RNA guided nuclease complex causes a Cas9-directed nick production in nuclear DNA in the form of double-strand breaks (DSBs). Importantly, our findings revealed various factors affecting the specificity and activity of small guide RNAs (sgRNAs), casting a new light on flexibility and efficiency of sgRNA encountering with targeted mutagenesis in various agronomical crops. We demonstrated an efficient protocol and online resources used for the optimization of best possible sgRNA designing and it's (PAM) Protospacer Adjacent Motif to achieve targeted mutation in FAD2-1A. Collectively our findings confirmed an efficient transient expression assay of FAD2-1A gene in isolated protoplasts via PEG mediated transformation. High throughput protein modeling revealed the successful integration of targeted mutation induced by Small guide RNA induced CRISPR Cas9 system. Preferably, these findings can be replicated in designing multiple novel genome models to facilitate efficient target mutagenesis and gene expression approaches in several other higher plants.


The present invention provides a radiographic imaging apparatus and a radiation detector capable of preventing the occurrence of defective pixels in a case where disconnection is and the scanning lines can be switched resolution has occurred. That is, the first TFT, the corresponding signals along with the control terminal to the first scan line and corresponding provided corresponding to the respective intersections of a plurality of signal lines and a plurality first scan line is connected output terminal is connected to the line. Sensor is connected to the input of each of the first of the TFT. The second TFT has a connected control terminal connected to an input terminal in each second scan line of the sensor. Output terminal of the first direction and the second plurality of each input each second TFT connected sensor adjacent in direction are connected to a common signal line. A second scan line of the plurality of the same or a common drive signal is supplied is electrically connected to each other by the redundant wiring.


The strong worldwide economic competition requires cooperative design especially when one-of-akind-products are produced by competitors to optimize their knowledge capabilities and individual capacities. Establishing a continuous work flow between these partners demands a highly flexible network for conception, design and production. In order to set up this cooperation between the partners a flexible product data structure through which work packages containing design tasks can be exchanged and executed in different CAx-systems have to be available. Such a system was developed between three major companies, two of them being competitors in the ship building process.


The current research article highlighted the imperial-oriental and liberal issues included in E.M.Forster's A Passage to India that was considered as one of the colonial discourses. Forster criticizes properly the British imperialism according to the book incidents. To explore the above issues critically, the researcher focused on the concept of hegemony as one of the major arguments of the Marxist approach. This concept was first articulated by the prominent Marxist theorist Antonio Gramsci who divided it into two forms namely the coercive hegemony and the consent one. In this regard, it is seen that the imperial values were represented by the coercive hegemony, while the oriental discussions were represented the consent hegemony. Based on the book events, the British see themselves as superior while the native Indians are inferior and this classification comes under the consent hegemony according to Gramsci's allegations. This research work aimed to reinterpret the imperial-oriental and liberal issues embodied in Forster's book, A Passage to India in the light of the Marxist perspective.


Determination of capacity for economic service on the part of every prospective citizen is quite as important under a theory of democratic organization of society as it is under a theory of state socialism. Equality of opportunity is fully as dependent on such determination as is the efficiency of the state, for in the theory of democracy self-realization in and through vocation for the individual is of equal or greater significance than his efficiency in the production of a margin of utilities for social consumption, whether of commodity or of service. The achievement of efficiency as a productive unit in the social organization is not, as it is under the doctrine of state socialism, the prime objective of selection for economic capacity. Thus, in a country like ours, any means to such determination must place election before selection. Indeed, choice in itself is an essential element in any equalization of opportunities. All that a democratic society can do is to provide for the prospective citizen the basis in experience necessary to make his choice genuine or intelligent. In the light of the foregoing thesis the proposition which has been put forward by many and earnest advocates, that the function of formal education in the rural community is to bond the country boy and the country girl to the soil, is unacceptable. The fact that a child is born on the farm is not at all an indication that he can


This paper describes an agent-based model of epidemics dynamics. This model is willingly simplified, as its goal is not to predict the evolution of the epidemics, but to explain the underlying mechanisms in an interactive way. This model allows to compare screening prioritisation strategies, as well as vaccination priority strategies, on a virtual population. The model is implemented in Netlogo in different simulators, published online to let people experiment with them. This paper reports on the model design, implementation, and experimentations. In particular we have compared screening strategies to evaluate the epidemics vs control it by quarantining infectious people; and we have compared vaccinating older people with more risk factors, vs younger people with more social contacts.


Recent studies indicate that exercise with a low muscle glycogen state enhances exercise-induced metabolic adaptation. However, it is unclear whether metabolic adaptation is involved with muscle glycogen depletion level. In this study, we investigated the effects of prior muscle glycogen depletion level on metabolic response during acute continuous exercise. Seven men completed two experimental trials consisting of two exercise sessions per day. During the first session, participants performed either intermittent exercise (IE) at V 4 O2max (the IE-CE trial) or continuous exercise (CE) at lactate threshold (the CE-CE trial). During the second session, participants performed 60 minutes of CE at lactate threshold. During this second session, fatty acid oxidation (FAO) was calculated. To determine muscle glycogen content and PGC-1α and PDK-4 mRNA abundance, muscle biopsies were taken at rest after the first session and 2 hours after the second session. After the first session, muscle glycogen content was significantly lower in the IE-CE trial (38.1±5.0 mmol/kg w.w.) than in the CE-CE trial (56.7±10.2 mmol/kg w.w.), P<0.05. FAO was higher in the IE-CE trial than the CE-CE trial at baseline and 15 minutes after the second session (both P<0.05). PGC-1α mRNA abundance increased after exercise (IE-CE, 5.9±2.5; CE-CE, 2.6±1.3-fold; P<0.1). PDK-4 mRNA abundance increased significantly after exercise (IE-CE, 22.2±8.8; CE-CE, 31.5±10.6-fold; P<0.05). PGC-1α and PDK-4 mRNA were not significantly different between the trials. In conclusion, continuous exercise with a slightly muscle glycogen-depleted state induced similar level of PGC-1α and PDK-4 mRNA expression, but attenuated FAO, compared to exercise with a moderate muscle glycogen-depleted state. Jpn J Phys Fitness Sports Med, 63(4): 401-408 (2014)


PVFs have been the subject of a series of IRS challenges in the United States, including the most recent Anschutz decision. Investors can use the new portfolio margining rules under Regulation T (Reg T) to achieve the same desirable results as a PVF while eliminating both the tax and audit risk associated with a PVF.


For the shortage of poor robustness in the description of nonlinear systems with single data model, a multiple neural network modeling method based on data partition using feature clustering is proposed. By structuring feature function, the data set is clustered and divided into multiple data subsets. The partitioned data subsets are used to build sub-models by RBF(radial bases function) neural network. Then the sub-models are adaptively weighted by minimizing mean square error in order to improve the model accuracy and model robustness. Finally, the proposed modeling method is applied to nonlinear system and moisture regain soft sensing in textile slashing process, and is compared with the single neural network model and the equivalently weighted multiple neural network model. The experimental results show that the root mean square error and the max absolute error of the proposed multiple neural network model are less than the single neural network model and the equivalently weighted multiple neural network model.


Premature convergence is still the preeminent problem in genetic algorithms (GAs). Some excellent individuals or genes are lost due to premature convergence, which causes local optimum. This paper presents an improved genetic algorithm based on multiple populations evolution and adaptive parameter adjusting. Experimental results show that this method alleviates the problem of premature convergence and improves the efficiency of searching.


a novel antibiotic eponemycin which exhibited specific in vivo antitumor effect against B 16 melanoma.Structural studies assigned {AS)- 1 ,2-epoxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(7V-isooctanoyl-L-serylamino)-6-methylhept-6-ene-3-one to eponemycinwhichis unrelated to the knownantitumor antibiotics.


AIM
Weekly paclitaxel is widely used in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Our aim was to test its efficacy and tolerability as a second-line therapy for MBC in daily oncology practice.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Paclitaxel (90 mg/m(2)) was given intravenously three times weekly in a 4-week cycle to 91 patients with disease progression after hormonal (42%) or cytostatic therapy (57%). The median age was 54 years; metastatic sites were the lung (39%), liver (52%) and bone (47%). 64% of patients had more than one site of metastasis.

RESULTS
Median time-to-progression was 7.5 months (range=6.5-8.5 months) and median overall survival time was 20.1 months (range=13.7-26.5 months). We observed 10 complete (12%) and 37 partial (43%) responses (an overall response rate of 55%). Severe side-effects were rare (grade 3-4 neutropenia 13% and septic episodes in three cases).

CONCLUSION
Weekly paclitaxel was shown to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for advanced breast cancer.


The article analyzes the new characteristics and changes in hospital reform in China, the hospital management system tendsto multiple forms and levels. It points out that property ownership reform in hospitals should be guided and supported by proper policies, propertyownership system in modern hospitals should be established, developed and sound medical care market should be set up. Based on their ownpositions, those who involved in hospital management should be ready to respond, to be actively concerned about and study carefully the dynamicsituation on property ownership system, in particular, the directors of hospital should be empowered themselves to be well self-developed andto enhance the capacity to respond.


The small intestinal axis (SINTAX) is a network of anatomic and functional connections between the small intestine and the rest of the body. It acts as an immunosurveillance system, integrating signals from the environment that affect physiological processes throughout the body. The impact of events in the gut in the control of tumor immunity is beginning to be appreciated. We have previously shown that an orally delivered single strain of commensal bacteria induces anti-tumor immunity via activation of innate and adaptive immunity. Some bacteria produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that share molecular content with the parent bacterium in a particle that is roughly 1/1000th the volume in a non-replicating form. We report here an orally-delivered and gut-restricted bacterial EV which potently attenuates tumor growth to a greater extent than whole bacteria or checkpoint inhibition. EDP1908 is a preparation of EVs produced by a bacterium of the Oscillospiraceae family isolated from a human donor. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with EDP1908 shows superior control of tumor growth compared to anti-PD-1 or an intact microbe. EDP1908 significantly increases the percentage of IFNγ producing CD8+, NK, NKT and CD4+ cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). EDP1908 also increases tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DC1 and DC2) and production of IP-10 and IFNg in the TME, creating an environment conducive to the recruitment and activation of anti-tumor lymphocytes. These data point to oral EVs as a new class of immunotherapeutic drugs that harness the biology of the small intestinal axis, acting locally on host cells in the gut to control distal immune responses within the TME. EDP1908 is in preclinical development for the treatment of cancer.


In this paper we argue in favour of syntactically based tagging by presenting data from a study of a 1,000,000 word corpus of Italian. Most papers present approaches on tagging which are statistically based. None of the statistically based analyses, however, produce an accuracy level comparable to the one obtained by means of linguistic rules [1]. Of course their data are strictly referred to English, with the exception of [2, 3, 4]. As to Italian, we argue that purely statistically based approaches are inefficient basically due to great sparsity of tag distribution – 50% only unambiguous tags. In addition, the level of homography is also very high: readings per word are 1.7 compared to 1.07 computed for English by [2] with a similar tagset. In a preliminary experiment we made we obtained 99,97% accuracy in the training set and 99,03% in the test set using syntactic disambiguation: data derived from statistical tagging is well below 95% even when referred to the training set.


In Indonesia there are still many adolescents who experience multiple nutritional problems caused by the increasing number of population with more nutritional status, one of which is overweight. One of the causes of overweight is because of food selection. Food choices can be influenced by family eating habits, advertisements in various media, peers, and the environment. Nutrition counseling is a form of approach that aims to help clients/respondents identify and analyze problems with clients and provide alternative solutions to problems. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of providing nutritional counseling on food choices in overweight female adolescents. The method used in this research is literature review by collecting research journals or reviewing articles by searching the database using Google Scholar as many as 4 journals spanning 2017-2022. In this study, the provision of nutritional counseling can influence and change the choice of food for young women, who initially chose random food to choose good and healthy food. Keywords: nutrition counseling; overweight; youth;  food


The vaporization of a single water drop is studied in the paper theoretically. It gives help to the study about drop group. Vaporization-time raises with increase of drop diameter, or with decrease of drop speed, or with decrease of drop temperature. It is helpful to coding gas that vaporization of drop can absorb a lot of heat. The vaporization-time can be controlled by adjusting the parameters, such as drop diameter, flux and so on. Further more, these can give help to estimate the height of cooling tower, and then to decrease the cost.


tuberculous nature of the cavities was confirmed by microscopy. The histological findings in the infective nodules and massive fibrosis lesions were similar to those found in complicated pneumoconiosis.


Israeli roboticist Amir Shapiro takes his engineering cues from members of the animal kingdom, though his choices might seem unexpected: snakes and snails. Oh, and cats, too.


Intrauterine Devices (IUD) are widely used as a method of birth control. After implantation, they may cause pain, bleeding, uterine perforation, bowel and bladder rupture. IUD-induced uterine corneal region and tubal mesosalpinx perforation is presented.


Different nations have different culture and different ways in thinking, which has caused the different expressions in English and Chinese. It is necessary for us to learn about these differences in the translation.


A photoanode protection strategy using a multifunctional NiO_x coating is presented. The ransparency/antireflectivity, low electrochromism, conduction of holes, corrosion protection, and active electrocatalysis for water-oxidation half-reaction are described.


A respirometric technique to monitor the microbial activity during acclimation is presented. The methodology is based on the carbon dioxide produced during mineralization of organic substrates in a sequencing batch reactor. Phenol and 4-chlorophenol were used as the source of carbon and energy. Activated sludge was the source of inoculum. The specific substrate removal rate and the specific carbon dioxide production rate were correlated. Specific substrate removal rates varied, for phenol between 80 and 242 mg substrate.(g MLSS.h)−1 and, for 4-chlorophenol, qav was 115 mg substrate.(g MLSS.h)−1. A negative influence of starvation periods on the activity of acclimated micro-organisms was observed.


In this paper, we explore the classification of emotions in songs, using the music and the lyrics representation of the songs. We introduce a novel corpus of music and lyrics, consisting of 100 songs annotated for emotions. We show that textual and musical features can both be successfully used for emotion recognition in songs. Moreover, through comparative experiments, we show that the joint use of lyrics and music brings significant improvements over each of the individual textual and musical classifiers, with error rate reductions of up to 31%.


A method for the time-domain stochastic analysis of linear structures subjected to non-stationary in amplitude earthquake excitations is presented. In particular the earthquake is considered to be a filtered process compatible with the response spectra proposed by the Eurocode 8, modulated by an opportune time function. The filter equations, obtained by the authors in another paper, are advantageously utilised for evaluating numerically the evolutionary second order response moments. The analysis of the results related to a simple example has evidenced that these quantities may lead to different results respect to those obtained by considering both the input and output as stationary processes.


T F oHIS article deals with certain of the views expressed in J. De Castro's Geography of Hunger, 1952; M. K. Bennett's The World's Food, 1954; and the FAO Second World Food Survey, 1952. The effects of nutrition, or food intake, on the body may be divided between two aspects, its energy-yielding aspect, as measured by calories, and its health-protecting aspects, such as measured by vitamins and minerals. When the former aspect is deficient the condition may be called undernourishment; when the latter aspect is deficient the appropriate term is malnourishment. In place of such drab terms the emotion-quickening term, hunger, which combines, or confuses, both undernourishment and malnourishment, has come to be used in some recent literature in this field. Thus when De Castro speaks of the geography of hunger he is not always, in fact he is not usually, referring to starvation in the sense of people with empty bellies. If he were, then perhaps his self-avowed revolutionary boldness, ranking himself with Freud, in bringing taboos out in the open, would be deserved. What De Castro calls hunger may in fact either be undernourishment, inadequate intake of calories, or malnourishment, which may be the absence of any of about forty food constituents needed to maintain health. Others connected with FAO, as is De Castro, also use the term hunger in this manner. Bennett on the other hand reserves the use of the term hunger for the sensation which most people associate with it, and defines it, as it had been used in the League of Nations, as a condition in which calorie food intake is less than that required to maintain normal body weight when activity is normal. This is a critical concept which would appear to merit a distinct term to describe it, whether it be undernourishment or hunger. The consequences of deficient levels of nutritional intake are far-reaching in their implications. Here De Castro's interpretations are at least interesting for their suggestiveness. It would seem, however, that at least some of the broad claims he makes for social consequences of dietary deficiencies are inextricably bound up with a variety of other forces so that proof may not be possible. Is malnourishment really the reason why the starving LatinAmerican allows his fields to be idle while he goes hungry? Is sex-play really the national sport of India, and is it because hunger-induced lack of energy, and scanty resources, have left them no alternative? Is the Chinese peasant hungry because he lacks the energy to make his fields more productive, rather than because of overpopulation? Other supposedly significant aspects


Differential privacy (DP) is currently the de-facto standard for achieving privacy in data analysis, which is typically implemented either in the "central" or "local" model. The local model has been more popular for commercial deployments as it does not require a trusted data collector. This increased privacy, however, comes at the cost of utility and algorithmic expressibility as compared to the central model. In this work, we propose, Cryptε, a system and programming framework that (1) achieves the accuracy guarantees and algorithmic expressibility of the central model (2) without any trusted data collector like in the local model. Cryptε achieves the "best of both worlds" by employing two non-colluding untrusted servers that run DP programs on encrypted data from the data owners. In theory, straightforward implementations of DP programs using off-the-shelf secure multi-party computation tools can achieve the above goal. However, in practice, they are beset with many challenges like poor performance and tricky security proofs. To this end, Cryptε allows data analysts to author logical DP programs that are automatically translated to secure protocols that work on encrypted data. These protocols ensure that the untrusted servers learn nothing more than the noisy outputs, thereby guaranteeing DP (for computationally bounded adversaries) for all Cryptε programs. Cryptε supports a rich class of DP programs that can be expressed via a small set of transformation and measurement operators followed by arbitrary post-processing. Further, we propose performance optimizations leveraging the fact that the output is noisy. We demonstrate Cryptε's practical feasibility with extensive empirical evaluations on real world datasets.


The development of the modern robot technology calls for better and better dynamic performance of robots,and the inertial parameters play an important part in the robot dynamic characteristics.In this paper,the methods of identifying robot inertial parameters are reviewed and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed.The development of research on identification of inertial parameters of robots based on the signals of sensors is introduced.Some subjects which need to be investigated further are given.


N THE year 1886, Horatio Hale (17) in a paper published in the Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, reported the case of a pair of twin boys who were so retarded in speech that members of the family could not understand them. These children lived in Boston in 1860. According to the report of an aunt, who visited them frequently, they developed a twin language so unlike English that they could not be sent to school because no one could understand them. Observation of the occasional development of such a special language by twins, suggested the problem of research undertaken here. The twin situation is, from an environmental point of view, quite unlike that of single children and it seemed possible that this might be a factor of considerable significance in the development of language.


— In this paper, the development of a Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) for emergency rescue and locating the nearest node is investigated using the application of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). Currently, mobile phones are the primary methods of navigation. Even though during an emergency, we face a lot of difficulties in communication. One of the solutions is using Wifi access points as anchors, measuring signal strength and calculating position using trilateration. However, there are heavy setup costs in laying the foundation for Wifi position tracking. This application aims to address this issue by implementing different methods of making communication viable by using recently developed Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) with the new API's released by Google, we can now use (Bluetooth) Beacon devices to acts as anchors. The key feature of BLE is the lightweight communication between devices that allows us to provide enough content to share. This application will demonstrate the simplicity and robustness of BLE as well as its many extendable application and capabilities.


The invention relates to an integral lifting unit of color-coated steel coils. The integral lifting unit comprises a drive bar and two transmission bars perpendicularly connected to two ends of the drive bar. The drive bar and the transmission bars jointly form a square structure. The integral lifting unit is characterized in that the drive bar is connected with the transmission bars through meshing of bevel gears, each transmission bar connected with a plurality of screws, the screws are in meshing connection with helical gears arranged on the transmission bars, the screws are all perpendicularly disposed below a plane formed by the transmission bars and the drive bar. The drive bar is connected with the transmission bars through the bevel gears, synchronous linked rotation of the three bars is achieved, rotation of the transmission bars drives the screws to rotate, and lifting is achieved; a fixing foot and a fixing platform allow the distance between upper and lower parts of the integral lifting unit to be adjusted, thus the processing process of the color-coated steel sheets different in thickness is satisfied.


The teaching of critical thinking is paramount in physics instruction, it is achieved through acquisition of critical thinking skills by learners. Consequently, teachers of physics ought to employ instructional strategies that foster the acquisition of the skills. This article explores an array of these strategies in detail, it also presents the history and nature of critical thinking, the role of critical thinking in science instruction and the challenges teachers of physics face in teaching critical thinking skills


Health secretary Patricia Hewitt last week promised to help midwives find jobs and discover why NHS trusts are axing midwifery posts.


Today, business leaders and modern researchers are faced with the issue of organizational culture in the effective management of enterprises. This, in turn, raises the question of determining the type of organizational culture of the enterprise. Knowledge and understanding of the typologies of organizational culture will greatly help managers in conducting organizational diagnostics and creating a strategic plan for the development of the organization. This article describes the most common typologies of organizational culture by different authors


We investigate the duration of an elimination process for identifying a loser by coin tossing, or equivalently the height of a random incomplete trie. Via Poissonization and de-Poissonization, we obtain a simple expression for the asymptotic discrete distribution of the height by an analytic approach that is not widely known in the context of random tree height problems. The expression includes a periodic function which does not admit a limit distribution. AMS 1991 subject classifications. Primary 05C05, 60E05; secondary 05C80, 60G70.


In this paper we examine the influence of family ownership, firm size and the current financial crisis on two distinct financial leverage decisions: the probability of using debt; and, conditional on its use, the proportion of debt issued. Overall, we find a significant positive effect of family ownership on both decisions; a significant positive effect of firm size on the probability of family firms using debt; a significant increment on the probability of using debt after 2008 for all types of firms; and a significant reduction (increment) on the relative amount of debt used by small (large) levered firms after 2008.


Purpose – The study was conducted to assess the level of compliance with regulatory guidelines on anti-money laundering (AML) in the scheduled commercial banks in India, and to understand the bottlenecks in AML implementation. Design/methodology/approach – The respondents were employees working in the banks located in the States of Puducherry and Tamilnadu. Snowball sampling method was adopted in selecting the sample. The sample consisted of 392 employees from the public sector, private sector, and foreign banks in India. The data was collected by administering the structured questionnaire during the period June, 2014 to January, 2015. Descriptive and non-parametric tests were applied, and the significance was considered at þ ≤ 0.5. Findings – Results indicated that the banks were largely complying (3.67 ± 1.39) with the AML measures under study. The compliance with guidelines on KYC updation was found to be higher (79.9 per cent), followed by reporting requirements (72.7 per cent), and customer identific...


PURPOSE: To provide the novel therapeutic use of the L-carnitine or acyl-L- carnitine aimed to increase the utilization of peripheral glucose in the treatment of the non-insulin dependent diabetes melitus(NIDDM) or its pharmacologically permissible salts. CONSTITUTION: This medicinal compsn. contains the L-carnitine or acyl-L- carnitine (in the formula, an acyl group has 2 to 6C in a straight chain or branch form) as the active component for intensifying the utilization of the glucose at the peripheries of an NIDDM patient. or its pharmacologically permissible salts and allows oral or non-oral medication.


Consumers are becoming increasingly aware of the environmental impacts caused by deforestation and illegal logging and there is an increasing demand for supply chain transparency and traceability of wood products. Many importing and exporting nations have implemented regulations which aim to control the origin and species of traded timbers of high ecological importance and economic value. However, despite growing interest in method development for timber authentication purposes, many studies have been limited by insufficient numbers of authentic timber reference samples. Our aim was to address the differences in stable isotope ratio profile of bulk, homogenized wood samples collected from living or recently felled trees in two FSC concessions in Gabon, which are approximately 240 km apart, for the purposes of origin classification and protecting valuable forest commodities. Forty-seven timber samples comprising 10 genera of tropical trees were obtained using a Pickering Punch sampling device or chainsaw from two forest concessions in Gabon (Precious Woods Group and Compagnie des Bois du Gabon) during July 2019. Samples were subject to δ18O, δ2H, δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S stable isotope analysis using elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS). Results show that significant differences are evident in the stable isotope ratios of Aucoumea klaineana between Precious Woods Group and Compagnie des Bois du Gabon forest concessions. Relationships are evident between climatic and geological variables and the stable isotope ratios of the samples suggesting that further degrees of origin classification may be achievable in Gabon. For other species, insufficient numbers meant the possibility to determine discriminating factors between the two concessions was limited though data from these samples may prove useful to contribute to the understanding of stable isotope variability in tropical timber. The data presented establish a basis for evaluating origin claims of forest products and timber from the Compagnie des Bois du Gabon and Precious Woods Group concessions and lay a foundation for future development of timber tracking technologies in Gabon. The technique can be used for purposes of due diligence or forensic investigation by law enforcement as part of demand-side regulations such as the EU Timber Regulation, Illegal Logging Prevention Act, or the Lacey Act.


Modelling the dynamics of soil organic carbon and chemicals in soils requires compartmentalisation in pools or fractions. The determination of organic carbon and chemical concentration in all fractions is often time-consuming or not realisable due to low amount of soil fractions. Therefore, we developed an analytical method to calculate distributions of organic carbon and chemicals in soil without any chemical extraction method. Two sets of experiments were conducted with undisturbed soil columns under field-like conditions. In the first set, maize straw was incorporated into the topsoil and after three months incubation, the C-labelled chemicals benazolin or benzo[a]pyrene were applied. The second set was treated equally, but without maize addition. After a total incubation time of six months, the topsoil layers were fractionated with a physical aggregate size fractionation procedure[1]. The content of organic carbon and the distribution of the chemicals were detected in the gained soil fractions. Furthermore, the BET method was used to determine the specific surface area (SSA) of selected soil fractions.


Combined with the experience and the great achievements of"one- map"project of Ministry of Land and Resources of China,and based on the analysis of the inadequacy of informatization construction of coal mine,the author put forward the concept and structure of"one- map"in coal mine,probed into the key technology system of the coal mine"one- map". Finally,unifying the system structure of coal mine"one- map",analyzed its application in mining safety monitoring management,realized coal mining monitoring and personal positioning application based on mining engineering plan,etc.


For ultra-high voltage(UHV) transmission line,its power angle characteristic equation expressed by distribution parameters,and the relationship between the voltages at two ends of the transmission line,are established.On this basis,the constant voltage control method and constant power factor control method commonly used in substations are compared.Finally,a method for calculating reactive power compensation in UHV substations is proposed.


Observations of emission lines in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) often find fast (∼1000 km s−1) outflows extending to kiloparsec scales, seen in ionized, neutral atomic and molecular gas. In this work we present radiative transfer calculations of emission lines in hydrodynamic simulations of AGN outflows driven by a hot wind bubble, including non-equilibrium chemistry, to explore how these lines trace the physical properties of the multiphase outflow. We find that the hot bubble compresses the line-emitting gas, resulting in higher pressures than in the ambient interstellar medium or that would be produced by the AGN radiation pressure. This implies that observed emission line ratios such as [O iv]$_{25 \, \rm {\mu m}}$ / [Ne ii]$_{12 \, \rm {\mu m}}$, [Ne v]$_{14 \, \rm {\mu m}}$ / [Ne ii]$_{12 \, \rm {\mu m}}$, and [N iii]$_{57 \, \rm {\mu m}}$ / [N ii]$_{122 \, \rm {\mu m}}$ constrain the presence of the bubble and hence the outflow driving mechanism. However, the line-emitting gas is under-pressurized compared to the hot bubble itself, and much of the line emission arises from gas that is out of pressure, thermal and/or chemical equilibrium. Our results thus suggest that assuming equilibrium conditions, as commonly done in AGN line emission models, is not justified if a hot wind bubble is present. We also find that ≳50 per cent of the mass outflow rate, momentum flux, and kinetic energy flux of the outflow are traced by lines such as [N ii]$_{122 \, \rm {\mu m}}$ and [Ne iii]$_{15 \, \rm {\mu m}}$ (produced in the 10$^{4} \, \rm {K}$ phase) and [C ii]$_{158 \, \rm {\mu m}}$ (produced in the transition from 10$^{4} \, \rm {K}$ to 100 K).


Matrine, also known as oxymatrine, is an important active ingredient of traditional Chinese herb Sophora flavescens. Recent studies have found that matrine may inhibit multiple tumors through inhibiting the tumor cell proliferation, inducing cell apoptosis, blocking cell cycle, suppressing cell invasion and migration and assisting in the synergy, and attenuation of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This study mainly investigated the role of matrine in gastric cancer and its possible mechanism. The real‐time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique showed that matrine inhibited the proliferation and migration of gastric tumor cells and significantly suppressed the expression of miR‐93‐5p. The dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that AHNAK was a target gene of miR‐93‐5p and regulated by miR‐93‐5p and matrine. The torsion test demonstrated that matrine exerted its role via miR‐93‐5p while miR‐93‐5p played a role by targeting AHNAK. Thus, this study found that matrine affected the progression of gastric cancer by inhibiting the function of gastric cancer cells through the possible mechanism of inhibiting miR‐93‐5p expression to increase the expression level of the downstream target gene AHNAK.


Summary  (Construction of chance ellipses in a correlation diagram).

Chance ellipses in a correlation diagram are calculated from the formula of the normal correlation surface (the chance ellips P contains the area of the correlation diagram, where P% of the observations are found). The construction of these ellipses is explicated. A table with factors to construct the ellipses for different values of P is added.


The results of calculation of 500 kW input coupler for superconducting accelerating cavity. The input coupler is built on base of loop antenna. The input coupler allows us to adjust external Q-factor in range of 10-times.


We present a robust methodology for volumetric heart motion recovery from medical image sequences, where mechanically motivated spatial constraints of myocardium is combined with the temporal filtering of the H/sup /spl infin// strategy. Cardiac system dynamics is transformed into state space representation, and the heart kinematics are then estimated using the min-max criterion. Unlike the popular Kalman filtering paradigm which assumes known Gaussian statistics of the process and measurement noises, our effort more realistically assumes no prior knowledge on the noise statistics but only noise energy levels, and it employs a minimum worst-case error estimation philosophy. Experiments with two types of magnetic resonance images, the tagging and the phase contrast data, are conducted with physiologically sensible results.


Abstract : The 1991 SSSC Forum was conducted under the auspices of the Board on Physics and Astronomy's Solid State Sciences Committee (SSSC) and cosponsored with the National Materials Advisory Board (NMAB). The Forum was the culmination of a year-long dissemination effort following up the NCR study Materials Science and Engineering for the 1990s that was released in September of 1989 and successfully brought together experts and policy makers in the field of advanced materials processing to discuss issues pertinent to the field. Support for the Forum was provided by the Air Force office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), the Department of Energy (DOE), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the office of Naval Research (ONR).


Present results with fertilizers in Forestry Commission forests are used, with several qualifications, as a basis for estimating the approximate fertilizer requirements by the Commission up to the year 2010.


To significantly reduce the time and cost of tooling development for sheet metal parts, a new reconfigurable die forming, the multi-point sandwich forming (MPSF) is being developed for parts with various curvatures, in small batch quantities. In this process, the die surface can be changed by adjusting the height of the pins in the lower die. Some elastic polyurethane pads are used as an upper die. To enable parts of good surface quality to be formed, an elastic interpolator and die sheet also are used in the process. The arrangement of each component of the tool set has a sandwich like structure, and therefore this process is called multi-point sandwich forming. To investigate this process, in the work described in this paper the die with ellipsoidal surface was chosen to manufacture workpieces in this paper. The effect of the thickness of interpolator on the height of workpiece dimples and forming errors along two typical sections of workpiece was investigated through experiment and the commercial FE simulation software ABAQUS was used to investigate the loading process and springback after unloading. Simulation enabled an explanation to be obtained as to why dimples occur in the middle edges of a workpiece. Also the final shape of the workpiece calculated by FE simulation was in good agreement with the experiment of result.


ABSTRACT There have been recent calls in the entrepreneurship literature to shift research paradigms toward more relevant, contextual, and process-oriented research. We respond by proposing a life course perspective on firms and their creators using alternative sources of information, specifically life history data included in autobiographies written by the founders of well-known firms. Autobiographies as self-narratives describing how the founders and their firms evolved and any dramatic events that interrupted that process provide unique insights not obtainable from other research materials. This paper introduces retrospective analysis of the life course of entrepreneurs and the evolution of their firms, including critical stages and transitions, and reflection on what was achieved and what was not. To guide researchers, we provide an overview of methodologies used to analyze autobiographies, discuss their strengths and limitations, and suggest potential research designs.


Taking the example of the configuration process of LAN in a large engineering company,this paper introduced the features of fairwall in Cisco IOS operating system, and discussed emphatically how to protect the network segment of confidential departments in internal network of an enterprise through integrated application of visiting list and features of firewall, and construct a safer environment for coordinative work in internal network of an enterprise with software,rather than hardware like firewall.


PREFACE The 3rd International Conference on Mathematics, Science, Technology, Education and their Application had been successfully held on September 29th – 30th, 2018 in Sahid Jaya Hotel Makassar, Indonesia. The keynote presentations were delivered by Dato' Professor Dr. Zul Azhar Zahid jamal, Dr. Ir. Saleh Abdurrahman, M.Sc., And Assoc. Prof. Dr. Andriana Surleva. We are also grateful as we had Prof. Drs. Sutiman Bambang Sumitro, S.U., D.Sc. from Universitas Brawijaya - Indonesia, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Faiz Ahmed Shaikh from Curtin University - Australia, and Dr. Shamala Ramasamy from UniMAP – Malaysia participated as invited speakers in the conference. The presentations from keynote and invited speakers in the conference had been provided to communicate, share, and discuss the latest research findings and best practices in the field of mathematics, Science, Technology, and Education to a total of 107 participants. This proceeding contains research articles in the fields of mathematics and science education along with its applications. We do hope that the findings provided by the research articles could expand scientific insights of the readers. We would like to deliver our highest appreciation for all keynote speakers, invited speakers, and all the authors for contributing their time and effort to participate in this conference. The highest appreciation is also delivered to all reviewers who have provided assessment and feedback to maintain the quality of the articles published in this proceeding.


Elongational behavior of sphere-forming triblock copolymers is examined using a series of sample having almost the same molecular weight but different bridge fractions prepared by mixing polystyrene-b-polyisoprene-b-polystyrene (SIS) and the cyclic-SI. A polystyrene-b-polyisoprene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) sample was also used as a 100% bridged reference. The lattice deformation examined by SAXS can be well expressed by affine deformation, independent of the bridge fraction. Macroscopic stress and the orientation function of I segments examined by IR dichroism can be also approximately expressed by affine deformation, where magnitudes are proportional to the bridge fraction. In the stress−strain curves, small shoulders were observed at low strains. The presence of the shoulder can be explained by restoring force of the lattice, the magnitude of which depends on the regularity of the microdomain lattice. It is found that the restoring force linearly depends on the bridge fraction of the middle block chains i...


To prevent from topology changes, failures, or overloads, network management requires frequently computation and reconfiguration of established connections. When the number of established connections in the network is very large, the optimization of the reconfiguration task is essential to have short latency. When the communications using these connections are real-time, traffic interruption is not acceptable, and thus the scheduling of the reconfiguration tasks can be difficult. In this paper, we propose a method which reconfigures unicast connections efficiently and without connection break. Our simulations show that the reconfiguration time requires by our algorithm is lower than usual reconfiguration methods, and scales well with the number of nodes in the network.


Key Points Question Was initiation of the End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices (ETC) payment model associated with changes in the incident dialysis population in its first 18 months of implementation? Findings In this cohort study of 750 314 adults with chronic kidney disease, increased use of home dialysis after ETC implementation was noted among incident dialysis patients use in markets randomly assigned to ETC compared with markets that were not. Also, the overall rate of increase in the percentage of dialysis patients starting home dialysis nearly doubled. Meaning The findings of this study suggest that financial incentives were associated with increasing home dialysis use beyond established secular trends, but the magnitude the magnitude of increase in home dialysis after ETC implementation will not achieve ambitious targets.


Set in the rolling hills of the Somerset and Dorset border, Sutton Bingham reservoir is a great place for fly fishing, sailing and birdwatching from the hide overlooking the conservation area.


Let

 (
 X
 ,
 h
 )

 (X,h)

 be a compact and irreducible Hermitian complex space of complex dimension

 v
 >
 1

 v>1

. In this paper we show that the Friedrichs extension of both the Laplace–Beltrami operator and the Hodge–Kodaira Laplacian acting on functions has discrete spectrum. Moreover, we provide some estimates for the growth of the corresponding eigenvalues, and we use these estimates to deduce that the associated heat operators are trace class. Finally we give various applications to the Hodge–Dolbeault operator and to the Hodge–Kodaira Laplacian in the setting of Hermitian complex spaces of complex dimension

 2
 2

.


Most of the researchers are examining the wage gap between males and females. Most number of researchers is saying that many firms have this kind of issues regarding the gender gap impact into hourly wages. As a third world country, it is very important to examine the impact of gender gap into hourly wages in Sri Lanka. In this study the researcher has used a sample of three thousand employees of private sector companies in Sri Lanka to evaluate the salary difference of males and females. The data has been collected by using a questioner through online method. Working hours, income and other demographic information were collected for the analysis. Different statistical methods were used to evaluate the data. According to this study, the test p-value is higher than the 0.05 significance value. Mean hourly wage of the men and female around 524 and 550 accordingly. According to the test statistic values, the hourly wage of men and female are different, and according to the mean values of the two groups, women earn morethan men.


Recent work in the physics literature demonstrates that, in particular classes of rotating spacetimes, physical light rays in general do not traverse null geodesics. Having presented this result, we discuss its philosophical significance, both for the clock hypothesis (and, in particular, a recent purported proof thereof for light clocks), and for the operational meaning of the metric field. 1. Introduction2. Fletcher's Theorem2.1. Maudlin on the clock hypothesis in special relativity2.2. Fletcher's result in special relativity2.3. Fletcher's theorem in general relativity3. Electromagnetism and the Geometrical-Optical Limit 3.1. Maxwell's equations in curved spacetime3.2. The geometrical-optical limit3.3. Rotating spacetimes3.4. Aren't Gödel spacetimes unphysical?4. The Clock Hypothesis and Chronogeometry 4.1. Natural and mathematical observations4.2. Clock registry discord4.3. Chronogeometry5. Conclusion Introduction Fletcher's Theorem Maudlin on the clock hypothesis in special relativity Fletcher's result in special relativity Fletcher's theorem in general relativity Electromagnetism and the Geometrical-Optical Limit Maxwell's equations in curved spacetime The geometrical-optical limit Rotating spacetimes Aren't Gödel spacetimes unphysical? The Clock Hypothesis and Chronogeometry Natural and mathematical observations Clock registry discord Chronogeometry Conclusion


We demonstrate a novel technique ensuring the transmission of stable sidebands in the presence of increased carrier phase noise. This technique is of particular interest in communication systems where oscillators providing the carrier signal cannot be stabilized by a conventional phase-locked loop, such as radio-over-fiber links relying on optical LO generation techniques.


With the benefit of hindsight, the fall in the December quarter might be seen this way: • in the first half of the year, there was an upsurge in residential construction, with a very substantial 'pull forward' of work to avoid the GST. This 'pull forward', mechanically, left a big hole in the second half of the year; • in a low-inflation world – where producers pass on price increases only with some trepidation – the threefold sources of pressure on prices (GST, exchange rate and oil) squeezed cash-flows and profits. When this is combined with the disruption and general choler associated with the introduction of the new tax regime, small and medium business confidence took a hit; • policy settings operated in an environment where cost-push price pressures were very strong. Let me say a bit more about each of these aspects – the cause of the GDP fall; the short-term temporary shocks which the economy experienced in the second half of 2000; and the stance of policy.


Properties of the radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of cobalt (II) tetraphenylporphyrin ((TPP)Co II ○) as a chain transfer catalyst are reported. Reversible addition of (L)Co-H to macromonomers gives living character to the oligomer olefins that grow to higher molecular weight without altering the primary polymer structural features. Incorporation of reversible termination of oligomer radicals in the mechanistic model for chain transfer catalysis by (L)CoII○ complexes is an essential feature of the catalytic chain transfer process.


One of the most challenging problems for marine satellite tracking antennas (MSTAs) is to estimate the antenna attitude, which is affected by the ship motion, especially the ship vibration and rotational motions caused by ocean waves. To overcome this problem, an attitude heading and reference system (AHRS) for MSTA is presented in this paper, including hardware architecture, estimation algorithm, and calibration. The hardware structure is designed such that it increases the vibration resistance of AHRS and estimation accuracy. Besides multiplicative extended Kalman filter for normal working conditions, an attitude estimator based on virtual horizontal reference is introduced for situations of accelerometer malfunction, where the ship is suffering from wave shocks in high sea states. The performance of the designed AHRS for MSTA is assessed through hardware experiments using a Stewart platform and a high-precision commercial AHRS.


The overall localization error performance for a sensor network employing quantized received signal strength (RSS) measurements largely depends on the number of bits used and their distribution. In this paper, we consider a rate-constrained bit allocation problem in which multiple points of interest (PoIs) are assigned possibly non-uniform error requirements. The main objective is to allocate a number of bits in order to satisfy error requirements as best as possible in a squared error sense. Due to the computational complexity of optimally solving the allocation problem, two novel low complexity allocation algorithms are proposed. The main idea behind these algorithms is to relate localization errors to corresponding bit density requirements. In the first algorithm, bit allocation is formulated as a sequential constrained convex optimization problem which can be solved with efficiency using available convex solvers. The second algorithm is a greedy version of the first algorithm in which sensors are selected for allocation based on the bit density differences at their neighboring PoIs. Numerical experiments show the efficacy of the proposed algorithms in comparison to other available algorithms in terms of overall error, coverage, and computational complexity.


In a globalized world, it is very important to determine where the warehouse would be located in order to reduce the production and supply chain costs of the firms. There are many methods used in warehouse selection. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), VIKOR, Analytic Network Process (ANP), TOPSIS, Fuzzy TOPSIS, Fuzzy AHP is often used in multi criterion decision making (MCDM) techniques. Within the scope of this study, a warehouse location selection application for a retail firm is implemented. Since the AHP and VIKOR techniques are used in the retail sector very little in the Turkish literature, the study shows originality. The choice of four warehouse locations (Bolu, Düzce, Kocaeli, and Sakarya) of the firm is determined according to the six criteria obtained in the literature. In the research, a combination approach of AHP and VIKOR methods are used as AHP method used for weighting the determined criteria and VIKOR used for sorting the alternatives regarding the criterion values obtained from AHP.The AHP is analyzed by Super Decision 2.7 and Expert Choice.11 program is used for VIKOR application. According to the results of AHPVIKOR methods, the most suitable locations are determined as Bolu, Düzce, Kocaeli, and Sakarya respectively. The study results are shared with the firm authorities.


Abstract It is widely argued that to be competitive, a company not only needs to focus on internal aspects but on the entire supply chain. Lean supply chain management has become a means of enhancing competitiveness by improving efficiency and increasing flexibility at all stages of the supply chain. This research develops and validates a lean supply chain management measurement instrument. A two-phase approach is used for scale development and refinement. In the first phase, a literature review is conducted to identify definitions of lean supply chain management and agile supply chain management and their corresponding measurement items. In the second phase, the lean supply chain management measurement instrument is validated using survey data based on scales developed in the first phase by 59 scholars with experience in lean management and/or supply chain management. The results provide a structured and comprehensive measure of lean supply chain management indicating that there are two differentiated dimensions in the measurement instrument: one related to the operational aspects of lean supply chain strategy implementation and the second related to lean supply chain planning.


Abstract : Data elements integral to a Research and Development Management Information System are gathered from a sampling of operating systems, listed, and defined. A work unit level of reporting is defined, and its advantages are given. An input form used by one of the study contributors is included as a guide in the Appendix. (Author)


Mathematical models for acid injection and shut-in reaction periods were established during acidization of sandstone-matrix by considering the effect of temperature on reaction rate.The models were solved by numerical method,and the reaction between acid and sandstone was studied.The results can predict the effect of the acid/sandstone reaction.The calculation results show that the concentration of HF decreased quickly during the acidization of sandstone-matrix in radical direction with HF operating range of less than 0.4 m.The dissolving capacity of the secondary H2SiF6 was equal to HF,which is a beneficial complement for HF.Rapid reaction mineral in the range of 0.4 to 0.9 m is mainly dissolved by H2SiF6.It increases acidizing penetration depth.The deposition of Si(OH)4 increases with time,but a flowback of the reacted acid is needed after the reaction for some time,otherwise secondary precipitation will occur,which affects the acidization of sandstone-matrix.The rate of HF consumption increases with the formation temperature,which reduces the operating range of HF.The concentration of the produced Si(OH)4 increases with temperature.High acid injection rate can increase penetration depth,thus reducing the depth of formation damage.


The electronic charge density distribution ρ(r) of a given material is among the most fundamental quantities in quantum simulations from which many large scale properties and observables can be calculated. Conventionally, ρ(r) is obtained using Kohn–Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT) based methods. But, the high computational cost of KS-DFT renders it intractable for systems involving thousands/millions of atoms. Thus, recently there has been efforts to bypass expensive KS equations, and directly predict ρ(r) using machine learning (ML) based methods. Here, we build upon one such scheme to create a robust and reliable ρ(r) prediction model for a diverse set of hydrocarbons, involving huge chemical and morphological complexity /(saturated, unsaturated molecules, cyclo-groups and amorphous and semi-crystalline polymers). We utilize a grid-based fingerprint to capture the atomic neighborhood around an arbitrary point in space, and map it to the reference ρ(r) obtained from standard DFT calculations at that point. Owing to the grid-based learning, dataset sizes exceed billions of points, which is trained using deep neural networks in conjunction with a incremental learning based approach. The accuracy and transferability of the ML approach is demonstrated on not only a diverse test set, but also on a completely unseen system of polystyrene under different strains. Finally, we note that the general approach adopted here could be easily extended to other material systems, and can be used for quick and accurate determination of ρ(r) for DFT charge density initialization, computing dipole or quadrupole, and other observables for which reliable density functional are known.


Les danses du monde (Dances of the World) is both a feast and a famine. One's expectations are raised very high, given such a title, the packaging-two CDs and a beautifully illustrated book of over 80 pages, and the fact that the CD was compiled by Hugo Zemp, a renowned filmmaker and ethnomusicologist whose films are examples of good ethnomusicological and anthropological practice. The dances are illustrated by stunning, but nevertheless, static photographs, and I found myself disappointed that I would not see any moving images of them. The project references a list of very distinguished scholars: twenty-four ethnomusicologists, four ethnologists, one professor of music, one sound engineer and one ethnochoreologist (p. 2). How would an ethnomusicologist, I wonder, review a CD that contained no music? Despite my initial disappointment, the volume should not be rejected. For one, there is very little available in French about dance anthropology. Landmark articles from the 1960s and 1970s by Keali'inohomoku and Kaeppler, for example, have only recently been translated into French [in Nouvelle de danse 34-35 1998] . Zemp's volume therefore is welcomed for this alone, although it should be noted his theoretical sources in English are a bit outdated and includes some inaccuracies. (Jean-Michel Beaudet's assertion-in his otherwise relevant discussion of dance notation systems-that Benesh notation "represents a dancer watching himself in a mirror" (p. 4), for example, is utter nonsense.) ANDREEGRAU


Abstract : The fluorescence of some rare earth chlorides have been examined in H2O AND D2O in order to determine the enhancement of the intensity of each band upon deuteration. The fluorescence from the 5D1 state in Eu(111) is hardly effected by deuteration in contrast to the 5D0 emissions which are enhanced by a factor in excess of ten. This lack of enhancement for the 5D1 emission is correlated to the very small energy difference between the 5D1 and 5D0 states which manifests a very fast non-radiative relaxation process. It is suggested that the dependence of the D2O effect upon the energy difference between the emitting level and the next lower level goes through a maximum in the vicinity of Sm(111). Three new molecular complexes of Eu(111) with neutral ligands of the general type O=P(Z)3 have also been synthesized. These ligands are not involved in any energy transfer process to the Eu(111) ion but instead serve to establish a particular crystal field. (Author)


There is a lack of mature theory system and fast,reliable algorithm for inversion of eddy current testing(ECT)so far and the quantitative problem is one of the difficult points in the nondestructive testing.This numerical result shows that there is significantly different effect of crack conductivity and shape on the crack signal.So it will lead to great error due to different convergence rate if solving them by using the same inversion scheme.Hence a combination algorithm based on the Conjugate Gradient(CG)method and the Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm is applied to reconstruct the shape profiles and conductivity of the crack respectively.It is demonstrated that the new strategy is promising for the improvement of the sizing precision and efficiency of ECT inversion.


The Pulaski (Tenn). G7Z&K says : "We are extremely sorry to announce that the friends of Mr. Claude J. Woodring have been' forced to take steps to deprive him of his' liberty for a time, on account of the prevalent opinion among our people that his mind is over-balanced. His abberation is announced by physicians to be due to the excessive use of tobacco,and it was deter mined to confine him so that he could be •effectually weaned from it., An inquisition avas held at the County Court room Tues day morning, and a verdict as above was reached." This is only one case, and this one would never have seen the light of day but for the fact that the poisoned person chanced to be a man of prominence in his locality. Thou sands of persons of lesSer note have been destroyed by the insidious poison, and the world' knows nothing of the fact. ■ A day >or two agb we were told of the case of a worthy citizen who evinced symptoms of mental derangement and presently became ^utterly insane. His delirium was wholly attributable to tobacco-smoking, the quan tity consumed being about four cigars daily. This seems a small dose to many persons, but it isua very large dose for anyone. If •■a person unused to the practice, were to consume snph an amount of tobacco, it would probably, kill him in three hours. Long continued use makes it possible to .use this poison largely,. just as the long con tinued use of opium or arsenic, permits an increased dose without fatal results. Still, these substances are poisons, virulent, dan gerous poisons ; and their poisonous effects •■exhibit themselves some time and in, some Way. Of one case of actual reported insan ity,, th ere are a hundred thousand cases of impaired intellects through the use of this Terrible plant. h}ext to alcohol, tobacco, of all the substances known to man, c,an' bear off the banner for destroying power. It has no single redeeming quality. Its influence is bad in every way. To say that it is al ways mentally, morally and physically low ering in its tendency and effects, is to state very mildly the facts. To say that the creature who consumes tobacco in any form, becomes thereby offensive to the rest of the world, is to utter the veriest truism. How any honorable man can indulge in such(a dirty, destructive, demoralizing prac tice, merely because brain-sensibility is thereby somewhat deadened, has eVer been a puzzle to us. . Tobacco is a poison and a disgusting poison. It may not kill for a time, but it will kill ultimately. During the killing pro cess it makes of the subject operated on, a loathsome creature, to all persons of refined sensibility. Alcohol is not more deadly; strychnine, arsenic and opium, are not more carefully to be avoided, than this rank and powerful plant. It secures offspring of feeble bodies andlfeeble brains, and makes of strong men, imbeciles.


A new species of leucosiid crab of the genus Coleusia Galil, 2006, is described from South and Southeast Asia. Coleusia huilianae n. sp. is distinguished from the superficially similar C. urania (Herbst, 1801) in the shape of the apical process of the first male gonopod which is digitate and curved laterally in the former (beak-like and curved interiorly in the latter); possessing smaller and sparser granulation on the posterior and lower margin of the cheliped and ambulatory meri; and the granulation is entirely missing from the lower external surface of the palm.


Objective:To explore the changing processes of the addicts and develop the measure tool for the Processes of Changing among Undergraduate Internet Addicts,which according to The Transtheoretical Model of Change(TMC).Method:Combined qualitative and quantitive methods,The Changing Processes of Undergraduate Internet Addicts Questionnaire was developed based on interviews and investigations.Data were collected from1166 Chinese undergraduate students from 7 universities and colleges.The initial sample was split randomly into two samples in proportion about 2:3(N1 - 441;N2 - 725).An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) were conducted on the two samples respectively.Results:The results showed that The Changing Processes of Undergraduate Internet Addicts included 5 dimensions:behavior monitoring,making plans,harm awareness,avoiding internet and stimulus identification.The scale showed good reliability and validity and the characteristics of the changing processes among college students were also discussed.


The purpose of holding this research is to know the comparison and development of bad debt at Bank Bukopin, Bank Danamon and Bank Permata. To find out what factors caused the bad debt on the third private bank in indonesia and analyze the efforts of countermeasures against bad debt on the third private bank in indonesia. The methods used in the final project report researcher is using descriptive method. While the techniques of data collection undertaken by researchers used the technique of library studies and fieldwork techniques such as interviews and observations.
Based on a comparison between the troubled credit Bank Bukopin, Bank Danamon and Bank Permata, the average NPL rate of the highest Bank Permata with average NPL 4.38%, the average level of NPL in the 4th level of Bank Bukopin with an average NPL 3.08% NPL average and the lowest Bank Danamon with average NPL 2.44%. With this can researchers view that NPL from third Banks above the average NPL is still under credit standards set by Bank Indonesia, namely 5%.


Qualitative research has gained in importance in the social sciences. General knowledge about qualitative data analysis, how to code qualitative data and decisions concerning related research design in the analytical process are all important for novice researchers. This article offers researchers who are new to qualitative research a thorough yet practical introduction to the vocabulary and craft of coding.


Nortek Aquadopp Current Meters include a special diagnostic mode for data collection, which is useful for quantifying mooring behavior. Diagnostic data from an equatorial taut-wire surface mooring in 4 km of water show that the mooring motion is dominated by typically 6-s surface waves. The waves pump the instrument up and down, cause the instrument to swing around the mooring when currents are weak, and to weathervane when the currents are stronger. The data gives us some clues about the magnitude of strumming.


This paper discusses some problems commonly occurring in hydraulic structures concrete construction in combination with the engineering practices of recent years.


The development of modern information-communication technologies has enabled the development of electronic knowledge distribution channels that expand the effective level of general and specialist education. This trend is also present in higher education because higher education institutions and institutes increasingly rely on the use of modern information-communication technologies in their operations. The effects of the use of personal computers, the Internet and global social networks are multiple in the higher education system as well. In the process of acquiring new knowledge, developing creativity, as well as ensuring greater activity in the process of education, new learning technologies, with the use of multimedia systems, created the prerequisites for the engagement of all individual and collective resources. The most important source of the state's competitive advantage is the ability to educate and retain highly educated personnel in the field of information technologies. From that aspect, the paper discusses information technologies as a scientific discipline and general conditions for education in the field of information technologies. The impact of technical and pedagogical changes on education in this area is analyzed with particular attention. It is known that information technologies are suitable for vocational education, and the modern environment sets specific requirements regarding the applicability of knowledge acquired in higher education institutions. The dynamic and turbulent market emphasizes the applicability of knowledge as a key requirement in the educational process. These short researches propose new educational modules that should structure teaching in the field of information technologies in accordance with the global demand in this sector. Every society strives for a more efficient and economical system of education, and therefore the issue of the use of new information technologies in education comes down to the problem of creating a theoretically ideal model of the use of these technologies at all levels of education and work.


We investigate the galaxy bispectrum induced by the nonlinear gravitational evolution as a possible probe to constrain degenerate higher-order scalar tensor (DHOST) theories. We find that the signal obtained from the leading kernel of second-order density fluctuations is partially hidden by the uncertainty in the nonlinear galaxy bias, and that the kernel of second-order velocity fields instead provides unbiased information on the modification of gravity theory. Based on this fact, we propose new phenomenological time-dependent functions, written as a combination of the coefficients of the second-order kernels, which is expected to trace the higher-order growth history. We then present approximate expressions for these variables in terms of parameters that characterize the DHOST theories. We also show that the resultant formulae provides new constraints on the parameter space of the DHOST theories.


The Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) is one of the three instruments on the fifth Japanese cosmic X-ray satellite ASTRO-E, scheduled for launch in January 2000. The HXD covers a wide energy range of 10-600 keV, using 16 identical GSO/BGO phoswich-counter modules, of which the low-energy efficiency is greatly improved by adding 2 m-thick silicon PIN diodes. Production of the HXD has been completed and pre-flight calibration is now in progress. The design concept of the HXD sensor, detail of the production process, and a brief summary of the measured performance is reported.


We evaluated the effects of gabapentin and carbamazepine for pain relief in 36 Guillain-Barré syndrome patients. Patients were randomly assigned to receive gabapentin 300 mg, carbamazepine 100 mg, or matching placebo 3 times a day for 7 days. Fentanyl 2 &mgr;g/kg was used as a supplementary analgesic on patient demand. The pain score was recorded by using a numeric pain rating scale of 0–10, and sedation was recorded with a Ramsay sedation scale of 1–6 before medications were given and then at 6-h intervals throughout the study period. Total daily fentanyl consumption was recorded each day for each patient. The results of the study demonstrated that patients in the gabapentin group had significantly lower (P < 0.05) median numeric pain rating scale scores (3.5, 2.5, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, and 2.0) compared with patients in the placebo group (6.0, 6.0, 6.0, 6.0, 6.0, 6.0, and 6.0) and the carbamazepine group (6.0, 6.0, 5.0, 4.0, 4.0, 3.5, and 3.0). There was no significant difference in fentanyl consumption between the gabapentin and carbamazepine groups on Day 1 (340.1 ± 34.3 &mgr;g and 347.5 ± 38.0 &mgr;g, respectively), but consumption was significantly less in these 2 groups compared with the placebo group (590.4 ± 35.0 &mgr;g) (P < 0.05). For the rest of the study period, there was a significant difference in fentanyl consumption among all treatment groups, and it was minimal in the gabapentin group (P < 0.05). We conclude that gabapentin is more effective than carbamazepine for decreasing pain and fentanyl consumption.


The process of knowledge transfer in knowledge alliance is analyzed and studied in this paper systematically. Using dynamic game theory, dynamic game model of knowledge transfer between knowledge transfer and receiver is established, optimal strategies of both sides are found, and a perfect Bayesian equilibrium is achieved and some effective measures are put forward to promote knowledge transfer. This study shows that the optimal strategy (α*, β*) used by both sides of knowledge transfer could make knowledge transfer efficiency, knowledge sharing among businesses effectively, and is beneficial to realizing knowledge innovation value.