The study was organized concerning health of elderly people permanently residing in public stationary institutions of social care in Yaroslavl. The factors effecting health were analyzed. The particular attention was paid to gerontological education, its essence and specifics of implementation in a specific nursing home. The perspectives of development of such nursing home were determined as a health factor of mentioned social group of population of Russia. The gerontological education is considered as an innovative technology of social work with elderly people. The purpose of this kind of education is to enhance physical, psychological and social health and to increase levels of social activity and adaptation. The experience of functioning of health schools organized in the Yaroslavl oblast gerontological center is presented. The analysis is given concerning their impact on health of elderly people residing in this center. The results of original studies of effect of education of elderly people on their health during 2008-2012 are summarized.


Numerous seismic activities occur in North Korea. However, it is difficult to perform seismic hazard assessment and obtain zonal data in the Korean Peninsula, including North Korea, when applying parametric or nonparametric methods. Remote sensing can be implemented for soil characterization or spatial zonation studies on irregular, surficial, and subsurface systems of inaccessible areas. Herein, a data-driven workflow for extracting the principal features using a digital terrain model (DTM) is proposed. In addition, geospatial grid information containing terrain features and the average shear wave velocity in the top 30 m of the subsurface (VS30) are employed using geostatistical interpolation methods; machine learning (ML)-based regression models were optimized and VS30-based seismic zonation in the test areas in North Korea were forecasted. The interrelationships between VS30 and terrain proxy (elevation, slope, and landform class) in the training area in South Korea were verified to define the input layer in regression models. The landform class represents a new proxy of VS30 and was subgrouped according to the correlation with grid-based VS30. The geospatial grid information was generated via the optimum geostatistical interpolation method (i.e., sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS)). The best-fitting model among four ML methods was determined by evaluating cost function-based prediction performance, performing uncertainty analysis for the empirical correlations of VS30, and studying spatial correspondence with the borehole-based VS30 map. Subsequently, the best-fitting regression models were designed by training the geospatial grid in South Korea. Then, DTM and its terrain features were constructed along with VS30 maps for three major cities (Pyongyang, Kaesong, and Nampo) in North Korea. A similar distribution of the VS30 grid obtained using SGS was shown in the multilayer perceptron-based VS30 map.


Abstract This study has attempted to investigate correlations among variables against 366 college students from cosmetology-related departments in Busan and figure out the effects of the variables which have an effect on adaptation to college life. First, in terms of 'college life stress', a positive correlation was observed with 'depression' while a negative correlation was found with 'adaptation to college life'. As 'social support' increased, 'self-efficacy' and 'adaptation to college life' were high as well. However, 'depression' was low. On the contrary, 'self-efficacy' revealed a negative correlation with 'depression' but a positive correlation with 'adaptation to college life'. Second, as peer support and professor support increased, and academic performance and value-related problems and depression decreased, 'adaptation to college life' was satisfying. Third, in terms of the effect of 'adaptation to academic achievements', 'academic matters' was the highest. In terms of the effect of social adaptation, 'peer support' was the highest. In terms of the effect of emotional and physical adaptations, 'depression' was the highest. In terms of the effect of attachment to college, 'professor issues' were the highest.


Design is behavior. Therefore, it can best be understood by means of behavioral theory and must be taught in a way consistent with the theory of behavior modification. This simple fact appears to have been overlooked by most, if not all, engineering educators who teach design courses or write textbooks on engineering design. This article examines this thesis and its relationship to engineering heuristics by considering specific examples taken from current practice in engineering design education.


The present invention provides a method for a device (15) only after detecting a signal transmitted by portable transmitting means (1) with receiving means (11) located close to the device to enable operation, or closely fitted to the device, , after activation of the presence detection means (22) coupled to the device it is characterized in that the detection of the signal transmitted by the transmitting means (1) with receiving means (11) are no longer considered. Once activated, the presence detection device 22 may be a conventional operation without interference by the loss of the signal, which may be static or accidental transmitter / receiver device (1, 11) to prevent the operation and apparatus. The method and apparatus of the present invention can be applied to the anti-theft security device for automobiles. Transmitting means, receiving means, motorized, activated


The cell membrane injury and mechanism of 20 nm,60 nm SiO2 nanoparticles on RAW264.7 cells were evaluated in vitro.RAW264.7 cells were treated by 20 nm,60 nm SiO2 nanoparticles and micro SiO2 particles for 24 h.The viability of RAW264.7 cell was measured by MTT assay.The morphology and ultrastructural change were observed by light,fluorescence microscope and transmission electron microscopy.Membrane fluidity of the cells were measured through fluorescence recovery after photobleaching( FRAP) technique with( 2-( 6-( 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl ) amino ) hexanoyl-1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine)(NBD-C6-HPC) as the fluorescent probe.Lactate dehydrogenase( LDH) in culture medium of RAW264.7 cells were assayed by pyruvic acid method.The content of reactive oxygen species( ROS) in RAW264.7 cells were measured by fluorescence probe 2′,7′-chlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA).The IC50 of 20-nm,60 nm SiO2 nanoparticles and micro SiO2 were 2.07,6.82 and 14.71 mg /mL,respectively.The cell number decreased,ballooning degeneration and mitochondria swelling after cells treated by three kinks of particles.Si elements were detected in lysosomes and intercellular spaces by energyspectrometer.The fluorescence recovery rate were lower than control( P 0.05 ) after RAW264.7 cells exposured to 20 nm、60 nm SiO2 nanoparticles at 31.25,125,500 μg /mL and micro SiO2 at 500 μg /mL for 24 h.The diffusion coefficients of 20 nm,60 nm SiO2 nanoparticles at 125.00,500.00 μg /mL respectively and micro SiO2 at 500.00 μg /mL were lower than that of the control( P 0.05).The production of LDH was increased compared with the control(P 0.05).The decrease of fluorescence recovery rate and the increase of LDH in 20 nm SiO2 nanoparticles group were much more obvious than 60 nm SiO2 nanoparticles and micro SiO2 groups.The level of ROS in RAW264.7 cells were increased obviously after treated by 20 nm,60 nm SiO2 nanoparticles and micro SiO2 particles(P 0.05).Oxidative stress may be the mechanism of RAW264.7cell growth inhibition,morphological abnormality,ultrastructural change and membrane damage induced by 20 nm and 60 nm SiO2 nanoparticles.20 nm SiO2 nanoparticles were found to be more cytotoxicity than the 60 nm SiO2 nanoparticles.Different cytotoxicity effect induced by SiO2 nanoparticles was presented due to different size.The size effect is a noteworthy issue for the further toxicity research and standard formulation of SiO2 nanoparticles.


A falling film evaporator test-rig was designed and established to study the heat transfer performance of spray falling film evaporation on horizontal tubes at low pressure.Smooth tubes and some kinds of enhanced tubes were taken as test objects.The impacts of tube structure,spray flow,and additives in spray solution on the heat transfer performance were studied experimentally.By analyzing the experimental results it is shown that with the increase of flow rate of spray liquid,the evaporative heat transfer coefficient and the overall heat transfer coefficient have a certain degree of increase.However,when the flow increases to a certain extent,there may appear an instance at that the effects of heat transfer become worse.The heat transfer coefficient of enhanced tubes is higher by 62% than that of smooth tubes.In this experiment,4.15% mass fraction of the additive has no enhancing effect on falling film evaporation heat transfer.


To determine the utility of FDG‐PET in predicting long‐term infield tumour control after RT in patients with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to bone.


Office-based anesthesiology (OBA) presents an opportunity for some anesthesiology practices to expand their scope and garner professional and financial growth opportunities. Practices that center their OBA feasibility analysis on their mission and objectives stand to be the most successful whether or not they decide to pursue an OBA venture. The steps in evaluating the risk/benefit of entry into OBA include a complete analysis of the anesthesiology practice's mission and resources, and an evaluation of the prospective office site to assure it offers a safe and financially viable practice venue. An effective OBA implementation plan deals with the attendant legal and regulatory requirements, a client satisfaction program, and development of an administrative infrastructure to support and monitor the success of the venture as defined by the practice's mission-based objectives.


In this paper,several types of representative CFB Organic Heat Carrier Boiler are introduced.It should be helpful for users to select suitable industrial boiler by comparing all the advantages and disadvantages of the boilers.It promotes the development of industrial CFB boiler and is of application values.


Abstract : Wind tunnel test results of the aerodynamic and thermal performance characteristics of model nylon, Kevlar 29, and Bisbenzimidaz0- benzophenanthroline Supersonic-X type parachutes behind a cone forebody at Mach = 8.0 are presented. The test was conducted at free-stream unit Reynolds numbers from 1.1 to 3.6 million per foot, simulating pressure altituded ranging from 145,000 to 130,000 ft, respectively. Drag data are presented which show increased axial force with increasing trailing distance and/or increasing dynamic pressure. Wake survey pressure and total temperature profiles are presented which show the symmetrical nature of the wake and the effects of the forebody mounting struts.


Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. R.C. Becker at Coronary Care Unit, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655. U.S.A. Summary: Patients with venous thromboembolism are routinely treated with anticoagulants to minimize the risk of recurrent events: however, a consensus has not been reached concerning the optimal duration of therapy. The available evidence does suggest that patients can be stratified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk (for recurrent venous thromboembolism and hemorrhage) groups, allowing management to be individualized.


This paper proposes an analytical procedure for computation of all pairs of valid switching angles used in pattern generation in five-level H-bridge cascaded inverters. The proposed procedure eliminates harmonic components from inverter output voltage and, for each harmonic, returns the exact boundaries of all valid modulation index intervals. Due to its simple mathematical formulation, it can be easily implemented in real time using a digital signal processor or a field-programmable gate array. In this paper, after a detailed description of the method, simulation and experimental results demonstrate the high quality of achievable results.


The purpose of this research is to classify the consumption characteristics in leisuresports activities based on Holt's four consumption characteristics, and to examine the importance and satisfaction level according to the consumption characteristics in leisuresports activities by applying IPA. Those who live in Seoul or the Metropolitan area and have experienced leisuresports activities are selected as the population of this research. After carrying out the convenience sampling method, in which only available data are collected, and self-administration survey, 183(76.3%) questionnaires are collected as the final valid sample. As a result of analyzing the general importance and satisfaction level as to the consumption characteristics in leisuresports, 'for fun'(4.26) and 'for recreation'(4.14), which mean consuming as experience, and 'for pleasure'(4.02), which means consuming as play, account for more than average value 4.0 in the importance level, but not in the satisfaction level after experience compared to the importance level. As for the priority of the importance and satisfaction level, 'for recreation' shows high level in both levels, though the average values are different. However, in all the results, the satisfaction level is not so high as the importance level, which means that the proper strategy should be devised for this.


Abstract In this inquiry, I explore, expose, and extrapolate upon sociopolitical and environmental absurdism as an environmental academic and educator based in Alberta, Canada—a well-known, and somewhat infamous, centre of oil and gas production and energy development in general. Moving beyond Alberta as a catalytic example, I introduce and discuss various forms of and themes within absurdist literature, theatre, and activism. In closing, I consider the theoretical and pedagogical potential of absurdism for environmental education scholarship and practice.


Global climate change causes more and more extreme weather happened frequently. It poses a new challenge to the structural safety of civil engineering. Nowadays, bridge engineering designs must consider the possibility of extreme climates and the social, economic, and environmental damage they cause. In this paper, the influence of three kinds of extreme weather on bridges is summarized by the method of comprehensive narration, and the influence of secondary disasters is described. Results show that both extreme weather and secondary disasters can significantly impact bridges. Extreme weather includes rainstorms, typhoons and earthquakes and affects the structure and materials of the bridge. Heavy rain erodes the bridge's structure and material and causes flood and debris flow to harm the bridge. Flood water would continue to impact the pier and cause damage to the understructure of the bridge. Meanwhile, they could also induce secondary disasters such as aftershocks and debris flow, impacting the bridges and disrupting the function of the city.


Layers of monocrystalline silicon were used as a working electrode in a three-electrode electrochemical cell with platinum as reference electrode in order to carry out stain etching processes leading to the formation of porous silicon layers. The potential at which the corrosion process takes place was measured as a function of the concentration of the oxidizing agent, and the reaction order with respect to the nitrate concentration was found to be close to one. From the experimental results a mechanism is formed for the stain etching process and a model proposed for growth of the porous layer.


India's education system is often cited as one of the main contributors to the economic rise of India. The size of India's higher education is about $ 40 Billion per year. In India, Commerce Education is very important part of education which is called as Business Education. It is a living discipline and it is totally different from other disciplines. It is that area of education which develops the required knowledge, attitudes and skills for successful handing of trade, commerce and industry. Commerce Education serves as a catalyst to socio-economic development of any country or a region. It supplies the input that enables to meet the requirements of present day stiff competition business environment. It helps the youth in providing right course of action for their survival and growth. The level of speed at which Commerce Education is currently expanding in this area is in itself a testimony to its growing acceptance as a source of awareness, developments of skills, prosperity and creativity which are essential preconditions of economic prosperity of any country. This paper presents the current scenario of Commerce Education in India by analyzing the various data and identifies key challenges and key initiatives by government and recommendations for revitalization of Commerce Education.


A photosensitive oligomer of polypropylene glycol diglycidylether diacrylate was prepared by polypropylene glycol diglycidylether and acrylic acid as two main materials.The preferable synthesizing conditions are the temperature: 100 ℃~110 ℃,the catalyst mass fraction of N,N-dimethyl benzylamine: 0.80% and the inhibitor mass fraction of p-hydroxyanisole: 0.20%~0.40%.We used this oligomer to prepare photosensitive resin,and the result of experiment shows the resin can be applied to rapid prototyping system of three dimensional printing.


ABSTRACT With remarkable consistency, the history of Jewish migration westward from Eastern Europe has been narrated and analyzed as the outcome of interaction between a familiar triad of forces: first, a population of immigrants whose vibrant religious practice and confrontational politics led to conflict with the pre-existing communal leaders and institutions; second, an acculturated community of established Jews; and, third, a majority population liable to be hostile to both foreigners and Jews. The immigrants' acculturation is seen to follow from the interventions of reform and philanthropy and a process of change over generations. This essay provides a critical examination of the current orthodoxy by examining the case of Jewish immigration to London in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. It begins with a consideration of the historiography and historical sources that have given rise to the predominant interpretation. It goes on to excavate patterns, practices, and social relations that suggest a different and new perspective on the history of Jewish integration.


Introduction Many studies have searched for an association between violence and psychiatric diagnoses, without providing a confirmative result. Objectives We have sought to deepen this topic, analysing different aspects of aggressivity, focusing on a specific diagnosis and its particular phases of illness, and looking for a correlation between psychiatric co-diagnoses and outpatients' visits adherence. Methods We studied 151 bipolar type I inpatients presenting complaint, past medical and family history; we collected information about lifetime hetero/self-aggressive behaviours, irritability, agitation, suicide attempts, alcohol, or substance abuse. Results The overall aggressivity in our sample resulted in 11.92% of cases, while the number of aggressive episodes during euthymia decreased to 2.64%, close to the population without psychiatric disorders. Personality disorders and alcohol abuse appeared to be the main risk factors for irritability [Fig. 1]; substance abuse for both irritability and hetero-aggressive behaviour [Fig. 2]. We observed that subjects who displayed better compliance to follow-up visits exhibited a significant lower aggressive behaviour than less adherent subjects. Moreover, our data disconfirm the common conception that correlates the presence of psychotic features to violence. Conclusions Studying aggressive in a bipolar population, we observed that the rare episodes of aggressiveness were condensed in active phases of illness and mainly related to alcohol or substance abuse, while violent acts during long periods of wellbeing appear in line with those of the general population. We are confident our data might be helpful in deconstructing the stigma that a psychiatric diagnosis equals to violent behaviour. Disclosure No significant relationships.


Liquid smokes treatment eliminated most problems associated to the traditional
method, besides providing uniformity of flavour and colour in meat products.

This work evaluate the effects of liquid smoke treatment in the oxidative stability and content
benzo(a)pyrenes, compared to the traditional smoking treatment in Sausage type Calabrese.

Samples treated with liquid smoke were evaluated every 7 days, during 28 days of storage
at 20°C.

High lipid oxidation was observed in runs increased by liquid smoke dilution (1:3) at 28
days of storage. The product was characterized as moderately rancid, with malonaldehyde values of
0.44 mgMA.kg-1. Concentrations of benzo(a)pyrenes in sausages with liquid and traditional smoke
treatment were less than 0.12 and 0.19 μg.kg-1, respectively.

In this way, the use of liquid and traditional smoke with temperature control ~300°C for
a smoke generation are promising and safe approaches for obtaining low levels of benzo(a)pyrenes,
lipids and protein oxidation in Sausage type Calabrese.


The article presents some of the results of the project Digitalised Descriptions of Slavic Cyrillic manuscripts and early printed books in Swedish libraries and archives (2010–2013), focussing on t ...


It describes a method for effectively inducing the spatial filter matrix. In a first scheme, Hermitian matrix is iteratively derived based on a channel response matrix, the matrix inversion is indirectly calculated by deriving the Hermitian matrix iteratively. The spatial filter matrix is derived based on the Hermitian matrix and the channel response matrix. In a second method, by performing a number of rotation repeatedly doctor of the channel response matrix to obtain a first matrix and a second matrix for the inverse matrix. The spatial filter matrix is derived based on the first matrix and the second matrix. In a third method, forming a matrix based on the channel response matrix, to decompose the matrix to obtain the unitary matrix and the diagonal matrix. The spatial filter matrix and the unit matrix is derived based on the diagonal matrix and the channel response matrix.


A number of bis-(aryl)thiuram disulphides and bis-(aryl)xanthogens have been synthesised and tested as extreme pressure additives using a Seta-Shell four ball lubricant testing machine. Bis-(o-tolyl)thiuram disulphide and bis-(p-sulphonyl)thiuram disulphide are found to be efficient extreme pressure additives showing a higher welding load and a lower scar diameter. Coefficient of friction has been calculated and its variation with load in the case of different additives has been explained. A mechanism for the action of bis-(o-tolyl)thiuram disulphide and bis-(p-sulphonyl)thiuram disulphide with higher weld loads has also been proposed


This study intends to explain how the level of body image in class XI students at SMAN 1 Margaasih. The number of samples used as many as 140 students from a total population of 355 students, or if described 87 female students and 53 male students. Among them there are 22% of students aged 17 years, 68% of students aged 16 years and 10% of students aged 15 years. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with a random sampling technique. The data collection instrument used was a non-test technique in the form of a questionnaire taken from Maulida (2020). In this study, it was found that the body image of class XI students of SMAN 1 Margaasih was generally in the medium category or as much as 72% (101 students), while in the high category it was 16% (23 students), and the low category was 12% (16 students). . The data obtained shows that female students have body image a lowerthan male students. This can be explained by the presence of 16 students who are categorized as low body image, 14 of whom are female students. This is because women generally have body image a lowerthan men. An example that can be seen is the feeling of inferiority to their physical possessions and often comparing themselves with others who have more physicality than them. The physical can be in the form of height, weight, attractive face, and skin color.Keywords: Body image, Students, SMAN 1 Margaasih


This research aims to analyze the influence of religiosity and the county of origin against the purchase intention in KFC Pandanaran Semarang with consumer attitudes as intervening variable. The population in this research is a college student of economic faculty of Islamic University of Sultan Agung. The technique of the sample with a purposive sampling method and incidental sampling.Samples taken as many as 100 collage students, with a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire.Data analysis using SPSS 23.0. The results showed that religiosity and country of origin has a positive and significant effect on consumer attitudes. Country of origin and consumer attitudes has a positive and significant effect on the purchase intention. Religiosity has a negative and significant effect on purchase intention. Consumer attitudes not as intervening variables between religiosity towards purchase intention and between the country of origin towards purchase intention.Keywords: Religiosity, Country of origin, Consumer attitudes, and Purchase intention.


Objective To compare treatments of intra-articular calcaneal fractures with and without bone graft in foot and ankle surgery.Methods A comprehensive search was conducted on line for all English research articles published from January 1990 through December 2010 dealing with open reduction and internal fixation with and without bone graft for intra-articular calcaneal fractures.Two reviewers evaluated each study to determine whether it was eligible for inclusion and collected the data of interest.Meta-analytic pooling of group results across studies was performed for the 2 treatments.Results The systematic review identified 32 qualified primary studies with 1281 fractures.No significant differences were found in postoperative infection, osteoarthritis or subtalar fusion between the 2 treatments ( P > 0.05) .The average full weight-bearing time in bone graft treatment was significantly lower (5.4 weeks) than in non-graft treatment (10.5 weeks) .The mean B(o)hler angle was significantly larger and long-term loss of collapse significantly lower in bone graft treatment than in non-graft treatment.The bone graft treatment had a lower American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score (71.4 points vs.80.5 points) but a higher Creighton score (89.9 points vs.81.0 points) compared with non-graft treatment.Pooled mean results showed no significant differences in the weighted excellent-to-good rate between the 2 treatments (excellent 35%, good 40%, fair 21% and poor 4% for the bone graft treatment versus excellent 34%, good 42%, fair 14%, and poor 10% for the non-graft treatment).Conclusions Open reduction and internal fixation with bone graft for intra-articular calcaneal fractures may lead to better reduction of B(o)hler angle and early return to full weight-bearing without increased risk of postoperative infection.However, since more cases of joint depression and comminuted fracture have been included in the bone graft group in the present study, a prospective controlled comparative study with a large scale of samples is still needed.

Key words:
Calcaneus;  Fractures;  Fracture fixation, internal


In light of recent conflicts between law enforcement and community members, particularly in communities plagued with a high crime rate and a large minority population, President Obama ordered the 21st Century Policing Task Force to identify strategies for promoting crime control while simultaneously building trust between law enforcement and the community (President's Task Force, 2015). Based on their findings, the Task Force outlined six main pillars that will foster a positive police and community relationship (i.e., advance 21st Century Policing).
While each of the six pillars focuses on an area vital to the successful implementation of 21st Century Policing, evidence suggests that pillars 1-4, which promote community engagement, form a vital foundation from which the other pillars can grow. The development of community engagement rests upon the trust and legitimacy a police department establishes with its community. As such, effective police departments must pay particular attention to community perceptions (i.e., how the community views its police department), for community members must believe the officers serving the community are doing so with legitimacy and honesty. Following the recently publicized, nationwide police shootings involving African American community members, many police departments have experienced troubling community conflicts. However, the Phoenix Police Department (PPD), which serves a large diverse community (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010), has been able to maintain collaborative police community dialogues and facilitate peaceful community protests, even when its officers engage in questionable activities. To assist police departments throughout the country build similar relationships with their respective communities, this White Paper will highlight some of the PPD's noteworthy community engagement strategies.


In this work is proposed an enhancement for the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique, introducing the concept of a turbulent atmosphere. The original algorithm mimics the behavior of a bird flock in flight, where each bird represents a candidate solution for the problem and updates its position in the search space taking in consideration the previous best find position obtained by itself and by the flock. What is proposed in this work is the addition of an atmospheric turbulence that directly affects in an independent, random and irregular way, the flying pattern of each bird present in the flock. The turbulence that has been introduced assists the algorithm to escape from local minima, and subsequently increases the chances of finding a better solution and even the optimal. Tests was performed using benchmark optimization function (Griewank, Schwefel, Rosenbrock and Rastrigin), in order to compare the original version of PSO and this new one, therefore designed PSO-t. The addition of turbulence is effective, and the algorithm reveal itself more robust concerning the choice of tuning parameters. References [1] Boyd, R. and Richarson, P., Culture and the Evolutionary Process, University od Chicago Press, 1985. [2] Clerc, M. The swarm and the queen: Towards a deterministic and adaptive particle swarm optimization. Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 1999), pp. 1951-1957, 1999. [3] Eberhart, R. C. and Kenney, J., A new optimizer using swarm theory. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Micromachine and Human Science, Nagoya, Japan, pp. 39-43, 1995. [4] Eberhart, R. C. and Shi, Y., Particle swarm optimization: Developments, applications and resources. Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2001), Seoul, Korea, 2001.


The article is devoted to dance/movement therapy — a special kind of psychotherapy that uses a dance movement for the development of social, emotional and physical life of the individual. This is a form of psychosomatic treatment aimed at identifying links between mental conflicts and somatic symptoms, on exemption from physical and mental stress. The article examines the theoretical foundations of dance therapy, his¬tory of its formation, basic directions and forms of work.


diaphiagm. There was an ulcer on this portion, from which she later had a large haematemesis. This condition had, of course, no relation to her asthma, but the case serves to illustrate how important coincidental conditions sometimes come to light in the course of a routine investigation (see Fig. 3). The other two cases, both young adults with incessant asthma since infancy, showed recurrent evanescent shadows in different situations on their chest radiographs during a follow-up period of over four years. One patient subsequently twice developed pulmonary abscesses, which she spontaneously evacuated, and material sucked from the infected area through a bronchoscope grew a Streptococcus viridans. The other patient also at one time developed a small abscess cavity with a fluid level, which quickly disappeared spontaneously. In neither case did the blood eosinophils ever exceed 6% (see Fig. 4). Transitory opacities seen in the chest radiographs of asthmatics, such as occurred in the last two cases, have been described by many authors-for example, Peshkin (1927) and Sddillot (1934). There has been considerable speculation about their nature, particularly whether they are caused by localized areas of infection or by eosinophilic infiltration. The character of these two cases suggests that infection is the cause in some of them.


Tensor completion refers to the task of estimating the missing data from an incomplete measurement or observation, which is a core problem frequently arising from the areas of big data analysis, computer vision, and network engineering. Due to the multidimensional nature of high-order tensors, the matrix approaches, e.g., matrix factorization and direct matricization of tensors, are often not ideal for tensor completion and recovery. Exploiting the potential periodicity and inherent correlation properties appeared in real-world tensor data, in this paper, we shall incorporate the low-rank and sparse regularization technique to enhance Tucker decomposition for tensor completion. A series of computational experiments on real-world datasets, including internet traffic data, color images, and face recognition, show that our model performs better than many existing state-of-the-art matricization and tensorization approaches in terms of achieving higher recovery accuracy.


Objectives/Hypothesis Transtympanic electrocochleography (t‐ECOG) is a sensitive diagnostic instrument used for Meniere's disease. It is sensitive by virtue of the recording electrode's position on the promontory of the cochlea where the signals are generated. There is concern about the invasive nature of t‐ECOG in comparison to extratympanic recording techniques. The purpose of this study was to examine the safety issues, complications, and patient experience with t‐ECOG.


Objective To assay the serum adiponectin(APN), TNF-α levels in normal subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), and to explore the correlation between them and insulin resistance. Methods Twenty normal lean controls and 58 T2DM subjects were recruited . According to their body mass index (BMI), the T2DM subjects were divided into normal weight group, overweight group and obesity group. HOMA-IR was assessed in subjects of all groups. Meanwhile the parameters such as fasting APN, TNF-α, Alc, fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were also measured. The correlation among these factors were analyzed. Results Compared with the normal control group, the APN levels in overweight and obesity groups was significantly decreased, the TNF-α level in overweight and obesity groups was significantly in-creased(all P0.01). Compared with the normal control group, HOMA-IR in T2DM groups was significantly increased(all P 0. 01). Serum APN level was negatively correlated with BMI and HOMA-IR and TNF-α level was positively correlated with HOMA-IR in all subjects. Conclusion Serum APN, TNF-α level is significantly correlated with insulin resistance.


CASE
A 54-year-old patient had lateral ligament insufficiency due to cubitus varus from a childhood supracondylar fracture. Arthrolysis/synovectomy and at a later stage double-row extensor origin refixation and lateral ulnar collateral ligament bracing with nonabsorbent tape and anchors were performed. Follow-up at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months showed excellent Mayo Elbow Performance and Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Scores (24-month follow-up = 100 and 2.5, respectively).

CONCLUSION
Suture tape augmentation and double-row extensor refixation in cases of lateral collateral ligament complex insufficiency due to cubitus varus may provide improved short-term functional outcomes, from the third postoperative month.


Background: Traditionally, plastic surgeons have performed palatoplasties using mucoperiosteal flaps with lateral incisions that are medial to the alveolar ridge. However, narrow flaps can cause limitations in some cases. To construct larger and wider flaps and minimize exposed bone after closure, we propose a novel technique that entails creating the lateral incisions at the top of the alveolar ridge, instead of the base of the alveolar ridge, to capture more tissue when repairing the hard palate. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients undergoing cleft palate repair with the aforementioned technique. Information collected included basic demographic and diagnostic factors related to cleft palate deformity and history of previous facial surgeries. Operative report details and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: Nineteen patients with hard palate clefts were included in the analysis, with the majority being women (68%). There was a balanced representation of patients with Veau classifications of II (47%) and III (42%). The majority of patients had an isolated cleft palate (74%) and incomplete deformity (63%), with no other craniofacial deformities. One (5%) had postoperative self-limited oronasal fistula managed conservatively. Conclusions: We present a novel approach for repairing cleft palate deformities by extending the lateral incision to the top of the alveolar ridge to create larger mucosal flaps. Further longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate how this unique approach compares to traditional methods—with respect to impact on maxillary growth processes, requirement for subsequent surgeries beyond two years of follow-up, and ultimately normalized speech over time.


Aiming at a series of problems in the reuse of contaminated sites in China, this paper summarizes the relevant policies for the reuse of contaminated sites in the United States, including contaminated site reuse model, reuse assessment, reuse categories, and reuse innovation projects. It also sorted out the local standards or technical guidelines initially formulated in Beijing, Guangdong. By summing up experience and comparison, it puts forward some enlightenments and suggestions in the safe use of contaminated sites after remediation in China.


M and automation at home and in the work environment, which is the result of economic growth, has impacted how people work and provides a wider variety of hobbies to choose from. As a result, our lives have become richer; however, such environmental changes have resulted in a lack of physical movement on a daily basis. As a result, our time spent sitting or lying down has inevitably increased. Hence, studies are being conducted in many countries on the correlation between sedentary time and health. According to one previous study, as sedentary time increases, the risk of diabetes, obesity, heart disease, and cancer, as well as the mortality rate, increases [1]. Until recently, most studies have focused on physical activity, as it is known to improve health; however, a growing number of studies now focus on reducing sedentary behavior (SB). Moreover, when compared to adults with less than 4 hours of sedentary behavior per day, the total risk of death increases by 15% for those with 8-11 hours of SB and 40% for those with more than 11 hours of SB, even if they engage in the amount of physical activity recommended by the Research Article Exercise Medicine Open Access eISSN: 2508-9056


Angular distributions have been measured for three groups of protons from the O18(d, p)O19 reaction, those leaving O19 in its states at 0, 0.096, and 1.47 Mev. Deuteron energies of 1.74 and 2.50 Mev in the laboratory system were used. The distributions of protons leaving O19 in its ground state and in its 1.47-Mev state are characteristic of stripping and indicate the formation of the ground state by an l=2 neutron and of the 1.47-Mev state by an l=0 neutron. However, the distribution of protons leaving O19 in its 0.096-Mev state does not lend itself to a stripping interpretation.

It has been found that the γ decay of the 1.47-Mev state of O19, following the formation of this state in the O18(d, p)O19 reaction, proceeds mostly to the 0.096-Mev state. The mean life of the 0.096-Mev state has been measured by observing the decay in flight of recoiling excited O19 nuclei and is found to be 1.75(1±0.16)×10^-9 second. These observations restrict the likely assignments of spin and parity for the 0.096-Mev state to 3/2± or 5/2+.


A cracked drill pin was received from ENEL's Sasso 22 geothermal well with a request for failure analysis. Failure reportedly occurred during temperature measurements inside the drill pipe. This drill pipe had been put into the 4000 meter (13,124 ft.) hole for instrument protection about 80 hours before temperature measurements. The temperature measured at the bottom of the hole was 380/sup 0/C (716/sup 0/F). The liquid level was at 2000 meters (6562 feet) depth, and the temperature at that depth was 95/sup 0/C (203/sup 0/F). Information on the depth where failure of this pin occurred was not given. Numerous drill string failures of this type have been reported at depths greater than 3000 meters (9843 feet) by ENEL. A mixture of 70% river water and 30% condensate from a nearby geothermal power plant was being used as drilling fluid. The average chemical composition of the power plant wastewater is given. This region of Italy is known as the Boraciferous Region. The average chemistry of the Boraciferous geothermal fluid is given. The failed drill pin was reportedly made of 38 NC D4 steel.


The wide extracellular-intracellular distribution of microRNA requires the on-site, robust and efficient activation of catalytic DNA circuits inside live cells. Herein, we developed an efficient non-enzymatic circuitry activation strategy to realize the orthogonally controlled catalytic DNA (CCD) circuit for achieving the high-fidelity in vivo microRNA imaging through the multiply guaranteed molecular recognition and progressively accelerated signal amplification. For predictable on-site activation and competent catalytic efficiency, the dominating circuitry fuel strand was initially splitted into inactive fuel subunits that were grafted into an auxiliary catalytic circuit, where the in-cell-specific mRNA triggered the orthogonal amplification of active fuel strands for sensitive target detection through the chief entropy-driven catalytic DNA circuit. We believe that the on-site orthogonal circuitry activation methodology can ingeniously contribute to clinical diagnosis and prognosis.


[Objective] To explore the nursing measures for the patients with uterine fibroids after interventional uterine artery embolization and the treatment of relevant complications.[Methods]Summary was made on the pre-operational preparation for 35 cases of uterine fibroids treated with Seldinger's method and the while-operational and post-operational nursing.[Results]All the interventional uterine artery embolizations were successful with no incidence of complication.[Conclusion] Interventional uterine artery embolization is significantly effective with little wound and fast recovery,meanwhile saving uterus;the nursing staff should strengthen their sense of responsibility for the early discovery and treatment of the complications.


The purpose of this study is to explain the acoustic scattering from a stiffened finite aluminum plate immersed in water using the velocity of various waves propagating around and in this plate. A monostatic method and a bistatic method are developed to realize this study.


Hossein Shayan, MD Edmonton Hospital S uccess in transplantation—the transfer of living tissue from one location to another in order to restore normal function or structure—has only been achieved in the past half century. The idea of transferring body parts to strengthen the powers of the recipient, however, has been stimulating the imagination of humankind for several millennia. Ample examples of chimeric gods and heroes with organs from different species are found in the Greek mythology. There are also examples of autotransplants in the New Testament, like the story of Jesus of Nazareth restoring a servant's ear, which was cut off by Simon Peter's sword. Also noted are the stories of Saint Peter reimplanting the breasts of Saint Agatha, which were pulled off during torture, and of Saint Mark reimplanting a soldier's hand, which was amputated during battle [1]. Perhaps the most famous of the legends is the extraordinary description of a cadaveric whole-limb allograft described in Jacopoda Varagine's Leggenda Aura in 348 A.D. In the "miracle of the black leg," the twin saints Comas and Damian replaced the gangrenous leg of the Roman deacon Justinian with a leg from an Ethiopian man who had been recently buried [2]. The most primitive evidence of tissue transplantation can be found in the prehistoric archeological records from the Bronze Age [3]. In the skulls from this era, there are bone grafts used as part of the ancient practice of trephination. Trephination refers to the removal of a circular disc of bone from the calvarium in an effort to relieve intracranial pressure. The bone, which was placed back in the calvarium at a later date, represents an example of an orthotopic autograft. Other evidence of ancient experimentation with transplantation has been found in archeological specimens worldwide from Egypt, China, and India. A detailed description of skin grafts from chin used for nasal reconstruction has been found in a Hindu text as far back as 700 B.C. [4]. During the 15th century, techniques of and consequently prognosis for skin grafts improved considerably. Notably, in the 1590s a famous Italian surgeon named Gaspare Tagliacozzi used an upper arm  ap to do


In his study of the etiology of trachoma among the North American Indians, Noguchi1 described an organism which he named Bacterium granulosis, and concluded that this organism is the causative agent of the disease. The claim was largely based on the experimental lesions produced in monkeys by the sub-conjunctival inoculation of this organism. After the lamented death of Noguchi, the work was confirmed and extended by Tilden and Tyler2 and Tyler3 at the Rockefellar Institute. Olitsky,4 Finoff and Thygeson,s Stepanowa and Azarowa6 have also upheld Noguchi's claims for Bacterium granulosis. On the other hand, this etiology has been disputed by Weiss,7 MacCallan,8 Mayou,9 Rowland Wilson,10 Morax11 and others. Lindner,12 after examining Noguchi's experimental monkeys, declared that the lesions were not characteristic of trachoma but were those of simple follicular conjunctivitis, since connective tissue hyperplasia, that most distinctive feature of trachoma, was absent. Reimann and Phillat13 cultivated one strain of Bacterium granulosis from their five trachoma cases, but the latter did not believe that the conjunctival lesions produced by inoculation of the organism were true trachoma. One of us14 had previously studied a number of cases of genuine trachoma without succeeding in the isolation of Bacterium granulosis, but since trachoma is a disease of great importance in China, as well as offering un-


This paper presents a historic overview of the resource and technology for exploration and the production of hydrocarbons that has literally propelled California to be the "Golden State", as well as created modern civilization as we know it today; it is difficult to imagine its elimination by fiat. Also, the paper specifically looks forward into the next challenges for the professionals charged with implementing new applied science to the current policy shift of a steady transition from carbon to the hydrogen economy while "making energy happen" for the consumer.
 Looking at history one sees California specifically, needs to make technically-based prudent regulatory provisions to make sure the industry is in place and ready with the flexible capacity for an "open-up" of energy in order to deliver resources absent adaptive measures such as idled standby wells or massive reserves in above ground storage. Crisis response to conditions resulting from the lack of robust adaptive infrastructure demands either a high level of capacity/inventory of essentials or a just-in-time response which draws on a large-shared pool of resource or one risks the high impact shocks to the lower quartile Californians.


In today's world of advertising there is increasing competition for attention from consumers. Therefore the advertiser who can differentiate himself in a positive way will be able to capture the ...


Nick Clegg's reference to a public service 'gold plated' pension is a tendentious distortion of the facts. Most nurses and healthcare assistants are working for relatively low wages when compared to the private sector.


A low-cost PC based DICOM multi modality review station for cardiac surgery has been developed for use during minimally invasive Coronary Surgery. This system is a Windows 95 networked PC for review of DICOM coronary catheterization, ultrasound and MRI cine's stored at a departmental image server. For fast review a specific one-heartbeat sequence out of a coronary catheterization selected by an application departmental image server. The Ultrasound studies, acquired by Vingmed System 5 and stored in an Echopac archive, are exported as DICOM files to the same server. The MRI studies are pushed as DICOM messages from an Agfa Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) to this image file server and automatically converted to DICOM file format. The RuboMed v 1.00 DICOM PC DICOM viewer is used to review the multi-modal cine's and the patient data. The review station does not require expensive hardware and software to provide for easy, direct and transparent review of multi-modal DICOM cines stored at a central departmental image file server.


The double impact effect of climate change and economic globalisation on the manufacturing sector is examined in the research for the period 1961-2013 for Ghana using annual time series data. The augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin (KPSS) test were used to examine the nature of the effect of shock to climate change and economic globalisation on the manufacturing sector. The ordinary Least Square (OLS) method was used to examine the effect of climate change and economic globalisation on the manufacturing sector. The Johansen framework was use to establish significant long run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The vector error correction model was to trace the reconciliation of the transitory deviation from the short run disequilibrium to long run equilibrium. The granger-predictability test results revealed evidence of bidirectional causality between climate change and manufacturing sector productivity and between economic globalisation and manufacturing sector productivity. The findings of the study indicate that reducing the effect of climate change and economic globalisation will not have negative effect on the productivity of the manufacturing sector. Future studies should examine the effect of structural change on climate change and economic globalisation on the manufacturing sector. In addition, other proxies of economic globalisation and climate change should be modelled.


Concrete cubes of low-medium workability (3-10 cm slump) incorporating various proportions of industrial waste were prepared, cured, and stored in a temperature of 25 plus or minus 2 deg C for a period of 28 days. Durability evaluations in terms of permeability, compressive strength and initial surface absorption were conducted. Four types of waste products were used as admixtures for concrete to study their effect on the water tightness of the concrete. Two of them show a clear improvement on permeability with no effect or very little reduction in compressive strength, while the other two manifest adverse effect on the permeability but act as water repellants. (Author/TRRL)


Our ageing world population claims for innovative tools to support healthcare and independent living. In this article, we address this challenge by introducing a novel system to recognize symptoms of cognitive decline by exploiting modern smart-home sensors. Since several studies indicate that cognitive issues are frequently associated to locomotion anomalies, our work relies on clinical models of wandering behavior. Previous works tried to recognize wandering of elderly people in outdoor environments, using GPS data and location trace analysis. However, the recognition of wandering indoors poses additional challenges. On the one hand, when moving in a restricted indoor environment, a system for wandering recognition may produce a large number of false positive, since a person's movements are frequently more intricate indoors than outdoors. On the other hand, several indoor movements resembling wandering may be actually due to the normal execution of daily living activities, or to the particular shape of the home. To address these challenges, we adopt a collaborative learning approach, using a training set of trajectories shared by individuals living in smart-homes. New wandering episodes are classified using a personalized model, built considering the homes' shape and the individuals' profiles. We apply a long-term analysis of classified wandering episodes to provide a hypothesis of diagnosis to be communicated to a medical center for further inspection. We implemented our algorithms and evaluated the system with a large dataset of real-world subjects, including people with dementia, MCI persons, and cognitively healthy people. The results indicate the potential utility of this system to support the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment.


The physical‐optics (Kirchhoff) method is used to determine the differential scattering cross section and the sonar cross section of a sphere partially insonified by a beam intersecting the surface of the sphere at a circular spot. The sphere is first assumed bare and then partially covered with a raised, centered cap which is smaller than the beam spot. A procedure to make the Kirchhoff method yield directly the bistatic cross section is extended to account for partial insonification and for the cap's presence. We show that partial insonifcation alone can enhance the normalized sonar cross section up to four times the geometrical acoustics value, and with the additional introduction of a moderately thin and small cap, the enhancement goes beyond an order of magnitude. Quantitative plots of the cross sections are displayed and the general results are seen to reduce properly to, and in one instance, correct, particular cases available in the literature.


Just over 3 months after the release of their fifth studio album In Dark Places on Holy Roar Records, UK heavy hardcore band BRUTALITY WILL ...


The bearing capacity and deformation modulus of lunar ground are of great importance for the design of lander feet and foundations of future permanent lunar outposts. Plate Loading Test (PLT) is a reliable and the most adopted means to evaluate the two mechanical indexes on the Earth, but it is not directly applicable on lunar surface due to the difficulty in setting up the test equipment. Cone Penetration Test (CPT) is an alternative means mainly due to its easy operation and can be used to evaluate the two indexes indirectly by linking them with penetration resistance in CPT. In this paper, such relationships are established by carrying out PLT and CPT on a model ground constructed by TJ-1 lunar soil simulant in a soil chamber. Test results show that the representative bearing capacity and deformation modulus of the model ground can be estimated by penetration data through the same ground. The loading plate size-dependency of the two mechanical indexes is also accounted for in the proposed empirical equ...


In the future the International Linear Collider (ILC), a helical undulator-based polarized positron source, is expected to be chosen. A high energy electron beam passes through a superconducting helical undulator in order to create circularly polarized photons which will be directed to a conversion target, resulting in electron-positron pairs. The resulting positron beam is longitudinally polarized. Since the photons are produced with an opening angle and pass through a long superconducting helical undulator, some of these photons will strike the undulator walls. Therefore photon masks must be placed along the undulator line in order to keep the power deposited in the undulator walls below the acceptable limit of 1W/m. The baseline design of the ILC is focused on 250 GeV center-of-mass energy and upgrade to center-of-mass energies of 350 and 500 GeV is foreseen. This paper shows a detailed study of the ideal power deposited along the masks for both 350 and 500 GeV center-of-mass energies.


Unlike sub-metering, which requires individual appliances to be equipped with their own meters, non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) use algorithms to discover appliance individual consumption from the aggregated overall energy reading. Approaches that uses low frequency sampled data are more applicable in a real world smart meters that has typical sampling capability of <= 1Hz. In this paper, a systematic literature review on deep-learning-based approaches for NILM problem is conducted, aiming to analyse the four key aspects pertaining to deep learning adoption. This includes deep learning model adoption, features selection that are used to train the model, used data set and model accuracy. In our study, analyses the performance of four different deep learning approaches, namely, denoising autoencoder (DAE), recurrent long short-term memory (LSTM) , Recurrent gate recurrent unit (GRU), and sequence to point. Our experiments will be conducted using the two data sets, namely, REDD and UK-DALE. According to our analysis, the sequence to point model has achieved the best results with an average mean absolute error (MAE) of 14:98 watt when compared to other counterpart algorithms.


This article examines the influence of the Neapolitan philosopher and economist Antonio Genovesi on academic debate during the Enlightenment in Spain in the latter decades of the eighteenth century. In particular, it focuses on the reaction aroused by his famous Lezioni di commercio (1765–7). The success of Genovesi's work in Spain is evident in the many translations of the Lezioni carried out over the years by many analysts, from pioneering historians such as Venturi to more contemporary commentators. In this article we shall endeavour, first, to study all the different Spanish versions of Genovesi's book and, second, to demonstrate that Genovesian influence in Spain was heterogeneous, which is why the Lezioni provides a very illustrative example of the struggle between the various reformist and anti-reformist strategies circulating in late eighteenth-century Spain. At the same time, it provides a good standpoint from which to observe the powerful flow of ideas from Naples to Spain during the Enlightenment.


Women tend to take a secondary place in society and also tend to be equated with nature, thus being on the losing end on both fronts, and fighting the same battle against oppression. Ecofeminism has many phases and faces, but one of the most influential is that of spiritual ecofeminism and its many expressions under the New Age umbrella. In an Indian context the picture seems to be different, as spiritual ecofeminism seems to be more closely aligned with "traditional" Hinduism. Vandana Shiva, the most famous Indian ecofeminist writer, faces a massive critique from numerous scholars. Her work is seen as essentialist and as romanticizing history, where a gender analysis perspective would focus on, among others, unequal power relations in society.


MHITARYAN L. S., MANZULOVSKIY V. M., PLOTNIKOV E. O. PETRYUK S. E. mproving the level of professional competence of medium medical workers in educational institutions. Current trends in the social development of Ukraine require the transition of higher nursing education to a new concept of training future specialists. The basis for improvement is the improvement of the quality of education, the growth of the social status of nurses, the intensification of scientific research, the use of international experience. The sphere of professional competence of nurses is gradually expanding. Therefore, the need to improve the training of nurses in accordance with international experience is obvious. Nursing should be a scientific specialty, and a nurse should be a high-quality professional with excellent scientific knowledge and practical skills. During the implementation of the Erasmus + project, the "Health Care Europe – HCEU" ("Europe Medical") project defined the levels of competence that are achieved by average health workers after completion of training. At the same time, nurses, by their assessment, only partially acquire an adequate level / stage of development of individual competencies. There is an imbalance in the evaluation of the respondents between the knowledge and skills acquired. This indicates the need to improve the efficiency of the educational process in the training of medical workers. Low levels of readiness of young specialists in cross-cutting areas of competence are identified: monitoring, documentation, quality assurance of medical services; communication and collaboration with other medical professionals, with patients; ethical, intercultural, legal competence; continuous professional development. The results obtained allowed to determine the priority areas of training of medical students.


The invention discloses an anode steel stub protection ring of a prebaked anode aluminum-reduction cell and a preparation method thereof. The anode steel stub protection ring is formed by mixing 75-85 parts of aluminum ash, 5-15 parts of pulp, 2-8 parts of magnesium oxide and 2-8 parts of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, adding a proper amount of water, fully stirring and curing by a mould, wherein the optimum proportioning of the raw material components is as follows in parts by weight: 80 parts of aluminum ash, 10 parts of slurry, 5 parts of magnesium oxide and 5 parts of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate. The protection ring in the invention has low manufacture cost, strong oxidation and gasification reaction resistance and ideal protection effect; the protection ring materials entering into the electrolytic cell does not need to be fished out by workers, thus lowering the labor intensity, having no influence on product quality of electrolytic aluminum, reducing electric energy loss and increasing production and benefits.


370 residents of Rochester, Minnesota, with clinicallyrecognized unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), were identified through record review. The rolling entry period was 1951-1984. Of these 181 had at least one documenting ultrasound. Five persons had rupture of the aneurysm within 48 hours of the ultrasound exam, and were excluded from the study. The study group consisted of the remaining 176 persons with unruptured aneurysms that had been found clinically and assessed by at least one ultrasound exam.


Decomposition rates and nutrient dynamics of Populus deltoides litter was investigated in three year old coppiced plantation situated in the mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh using the nylon net bags. Complete loss of Populus leaf litter was achieved in 20 months. The decomposition constant (k) was worked out to 1.27. Significant and a positive correlation was observed between decomposition and climatic parameters viz., rainfall and temperature (R 2 = 0.61), whereas temperature did not exhibit any significant influence on the decomposition rate. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) dynamics in decomposing litter revealed that concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium did not follow any specific trend during the decomposition process. Potassium and magnesium concentration, however, revealed a decreasing trend throughout the study period. Changes in absolute amount, on the other hand, followed a release pattern through the study period for N, K and Mg. P and Ca, however, depicted a three-phase pattern i.e. leaching, immobilization and release during the entire course of investigations.


The highly pathogenic Nipah virus (NiV) emerged in epidemics in Malaysia in 1998. Regular outbreaks occur since then in Bangladesh and India with the high mortality rate reaching up to 90%. During the first emergence in Malaysia, the only way to contain the outbreak was culling of more than one million pigs leading to major economic issues, estimated at over US$ 100 million (Lee, 2007). Thus, NiV is considered as a potential agent of bioterrorism and is designated as priority pathogens in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NAID) Biodefense Research Agenda. Neither treatment nor vaccines are available against NiV infection, limiting thus experimentation with live virus to Biosafety level 4 (BSL4) laboratories, which require the highest level of precaution. Nipah virus infection is often associated to the development of the wide spread vasculitis but molecular basis of its pathogenicity is still largely unknown. To gain insight in the pathogenesis of this highly lethal virus we have performed analysis of virus-induced early transcriptome changes in primary endothelial cells, which are first targets of Nipah infection in humans.


Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the tax-related illicit financial flows from a human rights perspective. It argues that curbing illicit financial flows, and specifically tax abuse, is essential not only for realizing human rights but also for achieving the sustainable development goals. It provides definitions of tax evasion and avoidance, as well as estimations of illicit financial flows. It studies the tax abuse implications for human rights and sustainable development, as well as the obligations in the field of human rights and tax abuse. It also critically assesses the recent international initiatives aim at curbing illicit financial flows. It concludes with a set of recommendations on how to curb illicit financial flows.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper combines economic, legal and policy perspectives to study the multidimensional, complex and global problem of illicit financial flows. It not only proposes an explanation of the volume, roots and economic, social and human rights implications of illicit financial flows but it also proposes reforms that states and other stakeholders need to implement in order to curb this phenomenon.

Findings
Combating tax abuse and illicit financial flows more broadly, is essential to make better progress in realizing international human rights obligations. The inclusion of a specific target to reduce illicit financial flows under the sustainable development goals makes clear that curbing such flows is also essential for creating an enabling environment for sustainable development. While we should applaud that reducing illicit financial flows is mentioned in one of the targets of the sustainable development goals, the target remains broad and vague. Specific measures to operationalize this target are needed to ensure that progress is achieved and that such progress can be tracked and measured. The author presents recommendations for discussion. To promote accountability, the recommendations are addressed to specific stakeholders.

Originality/value
This paper tries to contribute to improve our knowledge and understanding of illicit financial flows and tax abuse more specifically at global level and their implications for human rights, to make the need for change more compelling, as well as to stimulate the debate around reforms that need to be implemented to curb illicit financial flows.


The reefs under 250 m-deep water were exploded by using drilling platform.The detonating capacity and water-proof measures of deepwater blasting explosives are discussed.The experiences and measures in holes orientation under rip current condition are introduced.


Results from an extensive reliability characterisation of Lanthanum oxide-capped HfSiO(N) devices are reported for the first time. It is shown that the effect of nitrogen presence in the high-κ is significant; whereby the ability of lanthanum oxide to interact with the high-κ dielectric is reduced, with detrimental consequences on device reliability. A profile of defects in the gate stack is proposed, inferred from a combination of reliability measurements. Introduction The quest to achieve band edge effective workfunction values for sub 32 nm CMOS devices looks unlikely to be resolved solely by choice of electrode on a single high-κ dielectric layer. It is becoming more evident that an additional dielectric layer will be required to tune the threshold voltage/effective workfunction. To date, rare earth capping layers have been reported to effectively reduce the threshold voltage on nMOS devices, where up to 500 mV Vt tuning can be achieved, depending on the La2O3 cap/high-κ combination [1-3]. However, to date no extensive reliability characterisation of these capped dielectrics has been reported, in terms of defect profiling in the stack resulting from various analysis techniques. This provides the aim of this work, using gate/dielectric stacks with promising Vt/eWF characteristics. Experimental nMOS devices were fabricated with 1.0 nm chemical oxide starting surface. 2.9 nm (unless specified) MOCVD HfSiO was deposited and was subsequently nitrided by a plasma process. 0-1.0 nm ALD La2O3 cap layers were deposited, before sputtering TaN electrodes, junction activation annealing at 1030C, and forming gas annealing. Results Using TaN as the gate electrode presents thermodynamically stable (although midgap) material, which when combined with a 1.0 nm La2O3 cap, results in Vfb/Vt tuning capabilities up to 270 mV (Figure 1). From the inset, it is clear the Vt values reduce with increasing cap layer thickness, and also the gm peak values decrease. There is no significant change in the interface state density as evaluated from base level charge pumping (Figure 2), suggesting the transconductance/ mobility reduction is related to a presence of bulk charge. PBTI analysis on the capped and reference sample indicate enhanced electron trapping in the capped film relative to the reference (Figure 3). The 10 year operating voltage (for 30 mV ΔVt) reduces from 1.33V for the uncapped film to 1.01V for the 1.0nm cap case. The degradation under hot carrier stressing is shown in Figure 4 to be higher for the capped film (where the 10 year lifetime is reached at 1.84V, compared to 1.92 V for the uncapped reference). Hysteresis in Id-Vg traces indicate increased electron trapping with cap thickness (Figure 5), both at the Si/SiO2 interface (deduced from the slight transconductance peak degradation during hysteresis measurement [4]) and predominantly deeper in the stack (from threshold voltage shift in Figure 5 [5]). TDDB lifetime of the devices increases with the thickness of the cap layer (Figure 6), from 1.03 V to 1.15 V for the uncapped and 1.0 nm capped films, respectively, which is believed to result from the increased physical thickness of the dielectric layers, as evidenced in the difference in inversion capacitance (Figure 1). To summarise the results of the TaN/1.0 nm La2O3/2.9 nm HfSiON stacks, it is shown that a strong Vt reduction is achieved, however this is achieved at a cost to the reliability. As the CET of these films is higher than that targeted, a further study was performed on thinner dielectrics. Given the negative effects of lanthanum incorporation on reliability, both the high-κ and cap layer thickness were scaled down (to 1.8 nm and 0.7 nm, respectively) in a bid to reduce the thickness of the stacks. An uncapped reference was also examined. No nitridation was performed on the dielectric, which were deposited on n and pMOS samples. The effect of this is a 380 mV Vt reduction with 0.7 nm La2O3 layer incorporation, at 1.6 nm CET. The BTI characteristics are presented in Figure 7, where the 10 year lifetime is achieved for reference and capped films at gate overdrive values of 0.79V and 0.92 V, respectively after PBTI stress. Interestingly the lifetime is increased by the presence of the cap. NBTI analysis of the La2O3 capped devices demonstrates a reduced lifetime with cap layer. The peak transconductance degradation during NBTI stressing is enhanced for the capped layer (not shown), which indicates an increase in interface state generation [4]. The degradation under hot carrier stressing is shown in Figure 8, where the 10 year lifetime is reached at Vds = 1.92 V with cap, and 1.94 V for the uncapped reference. The current-time traces during substrate (Vg>0, Figure 9) and gate (Vg<0, Figure 10) injection are shown for reference and capped films to help explain these results. From substrate injection, the fast initial transient for the capped film is consistent with electron trapping in the high-κ, as detected in PBTI and Id-Vg (see below). From gate injection, the initial transient suggests enhanced electron trapping in the SiO2 interface layer, which could explain the hot carrier degradation for the capped film (Figure 8). TDDB results are presented in Figure 11, and it is seen an increased 10 year operating voltage is obtained with the cap (1.07 V compared to 0.90 V for no cap). The beta values increase from 1.05 for the uncapped film, to 1.49 for the capped (also seen for La2O3 capped pMOS devices (not shown)), suggesting a difference in the defect creation mechanism throughout the stack. This is further proof of a significant interaction between the cap layer and the host dielectric. From repeat Id-Vg sweeps on nMOS and pMOS devices in Figure 12, slight (positive) hysteresis is seen on the nMOS capped layer. Defect distribution and the role played of nitrogen There is a significant difference in the reliability characteristics of the two series of gate stacks examined in this work. Adding 1.0 nm La2O3 to 2.9 nm HfSiON results in a deterioration of reliability characteristics, whereas adding 0.7 nm La2O3 to 1.8 nm HfSiO enhances the reliability. As only the first sample set received a nitridation step, this is believed to result in an increased thermodynamic stability [6], whereby interaction between La2O3 and HfSiON/SiO2 is less than that between La2O3 and HfSiO/SiO2. This agrees with the cap induced effects observed, notably (1) a higher Vt shift (Figures 12 & 5) and (2) the significant TDDB-beta value increase for the non-nitrided stack (Figures 11 & 6). Combining these results can lead to a defect profile in the band gap as shown in the inset of Figure 12. Defects are seen at the Si/SiO2 interface ([A] E>Ei from Δgm peak during Id-Vg hysteresis/HCS (with higher density for the non-nitrided film), [B] E<Ei from NBTI), and in the high-κ layer ([C] close to the MG/hi-κ interface; from voltage dependence of PBTI and evolution of I-t traces, and [D] close to the SiO2/hi-κ, from NBTI). The convergence of PBTI degradation for capped and uncapped films (Figure 7B) with reducing stress conditions suggests the dominant defects in the capped films are at an energy level whereby they will not be accessed during device operation. The defects in the interface layer of the non-nitrided film, accessed during HCS measurements (Figure 8) do not radically shift the lifetime, suggesting a relatively low density, which again is promising from a reliability perspective. Coupled with the Vt-tuning potential of these layers, they provide a promising reliable route for future generation CMOS scaling. Conclusions This work provides an extensive reliability characterisation of dielectric stacks for the 32 nm node, which incorporate rare earth (lanthanum) oxide capping layers. It is shown that the effect of nitrogen incorporation is significant on the reliability of lanthanum oxide containing devices. A defect distribution is proposed throughout the gate stack to explain the results observed. Extended Abstracts of the 2008 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials, Tsukuba, 2008,


Background/Objectives: To identify the determinants of the practice of e-commerce in the full province. Methods/Statistical analysis: This study used 16 of previous researches as reference. The study was conducted on a sample of members of the full conservative society. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method to suit this study. • The existence of a relationship between the applications of e-commerce and the customs and traditions of the Saudi society in the province of Al-Kamil. • A statistically significant relationship between e-commerce applications and the comparative advantages and competitiveness of the organization. • There is an inverse relationship between the application of the information and the sale and purchase of products and


Ground penetrating radar is commonly used to locate fractures in rocks. However a much more detailed analysis is required to study the characteristics like the filling material and the fracture width. The reflected signal contains information about the characteristics of the fracture (width, filling), but a detailed analysis is required to assess the influence of these characteristics on the reflections. Ground penetrating radar measurements with a 1 GHz antenna have been carried out in limestone. A finite difference time-domain technique was used to model the behaviour of the radar signal in the same geological conditions.


The Railway Technical Research Institute has been researching a variety of technologies related to railway structures. These include technologies for maintenance (inspection, diagnosis, prediction, repair, renewal), earthquake countermeasures, construction and environmental impact assessment. This review gives some overview of recent research and development trends in maintenance and construction technologies for "geotechnical structures" (earth retaining walls, soil structures and tunnels) conducted at the Railway Technical Research Institute.


The literature on induced demand suggests that transportation system interventions that improve travel time not only result in short-term responses by travelers to shift modes, times of travel and routes, but also include longer-term influences on land use outcomes that further affect travel demand. This literature has not explored, however, whether improvements in travel time reliability might generate long-term impacts on real estate markets. Even the casual observer would likely agree that unreliable travel time to work is problematic, and a growing body of research has begun to measure the degree to which travelers value travel time reliability by analyzing their route or mode choices. To the authors' knowledge, however, no one has yet addressed the question of whether travel time reliability has longer-term effects beyond daily travel decisions, by influencing real estate market outcomes. Is travel time reliability valued enough by individuals, households, and firms to be capitalized into higher real estate prices and rents in locations with more reliable accessibility? Does reliability have enough value to influence long-term choices of households or firms regarding where they rent or purchase real estate? These are the questions explored in this research.


Abstract : Uncertainty propagation in a level 2 high level information fusion (HLIF) process is affected by a number of considerations. These include the varying complexities of the various types of level 2 HLIF. Five different types are identified, ranging from simple entity attribute refinement using situation status data to the development of a complete situation assessment assembled from applicable situational fragment data. Additional considerations include uncertainty handling in the input data, uncertainty representation, the effects of the reasoning technique used in the fusion process, and output considerations. Input data considerations include the data s relevance to the situation, its credibility, and its force or weight. Uncertainty representation concerns follow the uncertainty ontology developed by the W3C Incubator Group on Uncertainty Reasoning. For uncertainty effects of the fusion process, a basic fusion process model is presented, showing the impacts of uncertainty in four areas. Finally, for output uncertainty, the significance of a closed-world versus open-world assumption is discussed.


Let T :[ 0, 1) → [0, 1) be the Gauss transformation. For any irrational x ∈ [0, 1) , the Lyapunov exponent α(x )o fx is defined as α(x) = lim n→∞ 1 n log |(T n ) � (x)|.


The Black Noddy Anous minutus breeds on vegetated islands off the coast of Queensland, Australia, including Lady Elliot Island, the southern-most island in the Great Barrier Reef. An estimate of breeding pairs on Lady Elliot Island shows an increase on earlier estimates and approaches 30 000 pairs. Nests were found in ten species of tree/shrub. The highest density of nests (nests per tree) was in Pisonia grandis (45.2), followed by Ficus opposita and then Heliotropium foertherianum with the lowest in Cocos nucifera (5.9). More nests occurred in protected trees and shrubs than exposed. There was no relationship between the heights of plants and the height of nests. Nests were closest together in H. foertherianum but distances between nests varied with the habit of the tree/shrub.


Palaeogenomes provide the potential to study evolutionary processes in real time, but this potential is limited by our ability to recover genetic data over extended timescales. The Late Pleistocene currently represents the age-limit for temperate-zone palaeogenome retrieval. Consequently, large portions of the evolutionary histories of many organismal clades remain inaccessible for direct genomic investigation. Here, we present the palaeogenome of a 367,000 year old cave bear from Kudaro 1 cave in the Caucasus. Analysis of this genome alongside those of Late Pleistocene representatives almost completely overturns the established view of cave bear evolution based on mitochondrial DNA. The Middle Pleistocene genome further allows us to directly estimate the ursine substitution rate to calibrate our revised nuclear genome phylogeny of Palaearctic bears. This reveals the Middle Pleistocene Transition as a key period in Palaearctic bear evolution, associated with the divergence of the major cave bear lineages, the divergence of brown and polar bears, and the end of gene flow between cave bears and brown bears. With an age encompassing an estimated 23% of the entire evolutionary history of cave bears, the Kudaro 1 genome extends the limit for temperate-zone palaeogenome retrieval well into the Middle Pleistocene.


Using the dates come from 569 companies listed before 2006, we test the factors which affect the executive equity-based incentive levels and performance. The equity-based incentive performance is significant positive correlation with the levels of executive equity-based incentive. It shows equity-based incentive can improve company performance. When adding interaction variables in equation, we found the sensitivity for the company performance to levels of executive equity-based incentive would be affected by other factors. There are interactions between proportions in executive stock holding and market competition, risk level faced by the company, company scale and capital structure. And the efficiency of executive equity-based incentive is negative correlation with risk endured by the companies, proportions of independent directors and capital structure shows the internal and external governance structure of listed companies in China are still exist some problems. Keywords-equity incentive levels; equity incentive efficiency; influence factors; corporate governance


Background: In locoregionally advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC), intra-treatment scanning early during the course of Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with advanced functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) could potentially allow for modification of treatment to maximize the chance of favourable outcome. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the predictive value of parameters derived from Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) and Diffusion Weighted (DW) MRI for treatment response early during the course of CRT in patients with HNSCC.Methods: MRI scans were performed in 20 patients with locoregionally advanced HNSCC at baseline, after 10 Grays (Gy) and 40 Gy of CRT. DW and DCE derived parameters as well as the volumes were measured from primary tumours and lymph nodes. Tumour kinetic parameters (volume transfer constant (Ktrans), extracellular extravascular volume fraction (ve) and plasma volume fraction (Vp)) were assessed using the extended Tofts model. Relative changes in studied parameters from baseline to 10 Gy and 40 Gy were calculated. Factors predictive for treatment response were identified by the Firth logistic regression. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to investigate correlations among the parameters.Results: Responders showed a significant decrease in Ktrans after 10 Gy (median, -50.2 %; range, -25.1 to -90.9 %; P = 0.047). In addition, decreased ve after 10 Gy (median, -26.9%; range -76.7 to -126.8%) and increased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) after 40 Gy (median, 73.4%; range, 17.8 - 121.6%) were borderline significant (P=0.066 and P=0.079, respectively). Positive correlation between Ktrans and ve after 10 Gy (r = 0.823, P <0.05) was noticed.Conclusion: In HNSCC, early changes in DCE- and DWI-MRI derived parameters appear to predict tumour response before the actual morphologic changes occur.


This article reads closely John Wilkinson's essay 'Following the Poem' (2007) alongside some of Wilkinson's poetry from the 1980s and 1990s. Using the work of Donald Winnicott as a touchstone, the article critically evaluates the claims made in Wilkinson's essay about fullness and intersubjectivity against some of his poetry's expressions of fragmentation and dismemberment. The article concludes with some reflections on Wilkinson's quotation of Shelley's Prometheus Unbound in Proud Flesh (1986), and on the later collection Hid Lip (1992). It argues that an illuminating disparity or contradiction exists between the avowed aim of the reading practices described and advocated in 'Following the Poem,' and the state of the subjects repeatedly presented in Wilkinson's poetry. The article finally suggests that this contradiction itself speaks volumes about the kind of world in which both poetry and poetics exist.


Spatial distribution of chlorophyll-a, phytoplankton photosynthesis and nutrients were studied in relation to the hydrographic environment of the southeastern Brazil from May 3 to June 31 of 1983 during an oceanographia cruise conducted by the R/V "Almirante Saldanha" of the Brazilian Navy. Temperature and salinity at 5 meters depth ranged from 21 to 25o C and from 33.00 to 37.11, respectively. The concentration of nutrients varied, nitrate + nitrite-N from 1.0-3.0 µg-at/l, phosphate-P 0.1-0.9 µg-at/l and silicate-Si 5-25 µg-at/l. The chlorophyll-a concentrations along the coast varied from 0.35 to 1.48 mg/m3 with maxima in front of Paranagua Bay (PR) and over the southern shelf of Santa Catarina State. Low concentrations around 0.20 mg/m3 of uniform distribution were observed in shelf and off-shelf areas. Comparatively high concentrations were measured over the shelf break zone in front of Paranagua Bay indicationg the occurrence of shelf break upwelling of deep nutrient rich waters. The pattern of vertical distribution was stratified and irregular in coastal stations and uniform in shelf and oceanic waters although some subsurface peaks were sometimes detected. The integrated chlorophyll values within the euphotic layer varied between 2.70 and 28.06 mg/m2. The surface photo synthetic capacity varied from 0.4 to 7.7 mgC/mgChl.a/hr with higher values obtained in coastal areas.. The vertical distributions were variable in coastal areas and more uniform in mid-shelf stations. Sub-surface maxima of photosynthesis were detected in both nearshore and off-shore stations, and surface inhibition was not observed.


Summary Streptomycin in the amounts of 0.4 to 4.0 μ/cc is bactericidal for different strains of P. pestis in 5 days. Advanced experimental bubonic plague in mice is completely cured with 500 μ/3 hours for 3 days, or a total of 120 mg. Between SO to 90% of the mice in a state of septicemic plague may be saved with a total of 1,200 to 1,600 μg. The remarkable bactericidal action of streptomycin is best demonstrated on experimental pneumonic plague; 5 mg of the antibiotic sterilize lungs and lymph nodes within 100 hours after treatment has been instituted. It is recommended that human plague be treated as soon as diagnosed with 2 to 4 g of streptomycin daily depending on the state of infection.


The merits and faults of the actual measuring ways of contamination degree of insulators are summarized in this paper;it has been shown that leakage current is the most important and scientific parameter during the contamination flashover forecast.All kinds of effective methods and their merits and faults are studied in extracting the characteristic of leakage current in time domain and frequen cy domain.Combining the contamination feature of insulators,it is indicated that the emphasis of measuring ways studied is to establish the integrative prewarning model with more parameters based on leakage current.


Streptomyces species were found worldwide in soil and were important in soil ecology (Salahuddin et al., 2011). Much of the characteristic earthy smell of soils arises by Streptomyces species (Mohamed Sonya et al., 2001). Enzymes are the most important products for human needs in the area of industrial, environmental and food technology through microbial sources Mohamed Sonya (Boing, 1999; Gurudeeban et al., 2011). Streptomycetes are considered as one of the most important bacteria, due to their ability to develop the soil properties as well as producing several extracellular ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 2 (2015) pp. 19-32 http://www.ijcmas.com


The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms can be interpreted in two ways regarding its relation with administrative law. First, as an alternative statutory remedy against government; second, as a general democratic mandate to reconsider the foundations of Canadian administrative law. Nevertheless, in spite of the entrenchment of the Charter, the former interpretation has prevailed. Indeed, since 1982, the Charter has developed as a distinct body of rights operating separately from administrative law remedies.


There is a lack of highly efficient light emitting devices (LEDs) operating in the green spectral regime. The devices based on (In,Al)GaN show extremely high efficiencies in violet and blue colors but fall short for longer emission wavelengths due to the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE). In this paper we present a design of the active region based on wide InGaN quantum wells (QWs) which do not suffer from QCSE and profit from an enhancement in the internal quantum efficiency (IQE). The design exploits highly efficient optical transitions between excited states. It is shown that, counterintuitively, the devices with higher InGaN composition exhibit a higher enhancement in IQE. Experimental evidence is provided showing a gradual change in the nature of the optical transition with increasing thickness of the QW. Moreover, optical gain in long wavelength LDs incorporating standard and wide QWs is investigated to show the utilization of our concept.


One of the causes of failure in ICT4D is connected to field research, which is not always capable to understand the reality experienced by beneficiaries in developing nations. Here I present a research method devised specifically to map and explain the perceptions of beneficiaries in ICT4D projects. The method relies on the construct of subjective perception as image, and provides a type of narrative analysis aimed at "writing the history" of how perceptions are formed. Drawing on my research on food security in south India, I present the technique at work in the collection and analysis of data, illustrating its strengths and limitations in mapping the world visions of respondents. The technique is proposed to solve the conundrum of understanding users' reality in ICT4D research, hence avoiding the "design-reality gaps" that lead to failure.


BACKGROUND
Several strategies are used in the care of pregnant women accessing antenatal care in primary health centres in Nigeria, with the aim of reducing the burden of malaria and anaemia. The objective of the study was to appraise the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and anaemia in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in rural communities of Southeastern Nigeria where malaria preventive strategies are in place.

METHODS
We undertook a cross-sectional study of 300 pregnant women receiving antenatal care in randomly selected primary health centres in the Nkanu West local government area (LGA), Enugu state, Nigeria from August to September 2010.

RESULTS
The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia was 92.0% (276/300) (mild in 86.7% [260/300] and moderate in 15.3% [16/300]). The prevalence of anaemia was 49.3% (148/300) (mild in 29.3% [88/300] and moderate in 20% [60/300]). There were no severe cases of malaria parasitaemia or anaemia. The educational status and occupation of participants were significantly associated with the occurrence of peripheral parasitaemia and anaemia respectively (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION
The prevalence of malaria and anaemia is very high in the Nkanu West LGA of Enugu State, Nigeria. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and anaemia in pregnancy should be intensified in rural settings of Enugu state and Nigeria as a whole.


Purpose: The high frequency of varicose veins in female suggests the involvement of female sex hormone in pathophysiology of varicose vein. We investigated the presence of estrogen receptor in the wall of normal and varicose veins, and compared their expression between male and female. Methods: Twenty normal veins were obtained from patient undergoing peripheral artery bypass surgery. Forty varicose segment and non-varicose segment of varicose veins in same patients were obtained from patient during operation. Using immunohistochemistry, we measured estrogen receptor expression rate and compared the estrogen receptor expression of varicose vein with that of normal vein. Results: There is no difference on estrogen receptor expression between normal vein and varicose vein. The positive rate of estrogen receptor expression was higher in varicose segment of varicose vein than in non-varicose segment of varicose vein (P=0.039). In varicose segments in female, estrogen receptor positive rate was higher than non-varicose segment (P=0.022), and than normal vein (P=0.017). The estrogen receptor positive rate of varicose segment in varicose vein was higher in female than male (P=0.008). But there is no statistical significance for the estrogen receptor positive rate of non-varicose segment in varicose vein between male and female. Conclusion: The gender difference may be related to hormonal action. Also, these finding suggested the involvement of female sex hormone in varicosity and provides a basis for the finding of causes of primary varicose veins. (J Korean Surg Soc 2006;71:61-64)


The electrical industry has a very limited number of "predictive tools' and those available are generally cost prohibitive to install and require some level of expertise. One tool that has been successfully applied in several integrated paper mills across North America is the continuous monitoring of medium and high voltage equipment for partial discharges. This includes motors, generators, switchgear, bus duct, cables and transformers. On-line measurement and assessment of partial discharges has proven to be an effective tool in evaluating the condition of insulation and thereby limiting unscheduled outages. This paper will discuss the experiences Alberta Pacific Forest Industries has had in applying periodic, continuous monitoring and off-line tests for partial discharges and show the effectiveness of this recently implemented program. Actual data collected and experiences from rotating equipment and switchgear in a large pulp and paper mill will be presented and discussed


To investigate whether vardenafil, a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE‐5) inhibitor, would protect the bladder from decompensatory changes in a 4‐week rat bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) model, as evidence has been accumulating that PDE‐5 inhibitors improve lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).


How do native English speakers and native Korean speakers politely make a request to a robot? Previous human-robot interaction studies on English have demonstrated that humans use indirect speech acts (ISAs) frequently to robots to make their requests polite. However, it is unknown whether humans considerably used ISAs to robots in other languages. In addition to ISAs, Korean has other politeness expressions called honorifics, which indicate different politeness from that of ISAs. This study aimed to investigate the cultural differences in humans' politeness expressions and politeness when they make requests to robots and to re-examine the effect of conventionality of context on the use of politeness expressions. We conducted a replication experiment of Williams et al. (2018) on native Korean speakers and analyzed their use of ISAs and honorifics. Our results showed that ISAs are rarely used in task-based human-robot interaction in Korean. Instead, honorifics are more frequently used than ISAs and are more common in conventionalized contexts than in unconventionalized contexts. These results suggest that the difference in politeness expressions and politeness between English and Korean exist in both human-robot interaction and human-human interaction. Furthermore, the conventionality of context has a strong constraint on making humans follow social norms in both languages.