We present a new feature-based method for estimating the speaking rate by detecting vowels in continuous speech. The features used are the modified loudness and the zerocrossing rate which are both calculated in the standard preprocessing unit of our speech recognition system. As vowels in general correspond to syllable nuclei, the feature-based vowel rate is comparable to an estimate of the lexically-based syllable rate. The vowel detector presented is tested on the spontaneously spoken German Verbmobil task and is evaluated using manually transcribed data. The lowest vowel error rate (including insertions) on the defined test set is 22.72% on average over all vowels. Additionally correlation coefficients between our estimates and reference rates are calculated. These coefficients reach up to 0.796 and therefore are comparable to those for lexically-based measures (like the phone rate) on other tasks. The accuracy is sufficient to use our measurement for speaking rate adaptation.


Objective:To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol in children undergoing laparoscopic herniotomy for indirect inguinal hernia.Methods:Sixty cases undergoing selective laparoscopic indirect inguinal hernia surgery were randomly divided into two groups:dexmedetomidine combined with propofol group(group D),propofol group(group P).All patients were induced with propofol 2.5mg/kg、fentanyl 2.5ug/kg、 inhalation of 4% sevoflurane(4L/min flow oxygen).Group D also received dexmedetomidine 0.8ug/kg(over five minutes) as part of the premedication regime.MAP、SpO2、HR at the following time point: before administration 、laryngeal mask airway(LMA) insertion、LMA extubation and total dose of propofol were recorded.Time of operation and recovery、adverse reaction、restlessness were recorded too.Results:There were no significant difference in SpO2、time of recovery between two groups.MAP、HR after anesthesia,the total dose of propofol,the percentage of adverse reaction and restlessness were lower in group D than those of group P(P0.05).Conclusion:Dexmedetomidine combined with propofol during general anesthesia induction can decrease the percentage of adverse reaction and restlessness.


Active learning reduces the amount of manually annotated sentences necessary when training state-of-the-art statistical parsers. One popular method, uncertainty sampling, selects sentences for which the parser exhibits low certainty. However, this method does not quantify confidence about the current statistical model itself. In particular, we should be less confident about selection decisions based on low frequency events. We present a novel two-stage method which first targets sentences which cannot be reliably selected using uncertainty sampling, and then applies standard uncertainty sampling to the remaining sentences. An evaluation shows that this method performs better than pure uncertainty sampling, and better than an ensemble method based on bagged ensemble members only.


Mirel the disconsolate and destructive, willful and independent, is a bold divergence from the Yiddish literature of the time. True, Tevye's daughters were as determined and individualistic as Mirel, and more constructively so. It is precisely this sympathetic presentation of her single-minded aestheticism, untempered by charity and reverence for life, which makes her quite unique and which must have prompted some critics, such as Samuel Niger, to call the novel not really "Jewish." (See Martin's "Introduction," p. xviii and footnote 4.)


Environmental management and CO2 effects. Promoting sustainable agricultural systems and diets. Double nutritional pyramid. Sustainable diets: solution to climate change. Global public health must be a priority.


This paper presents the design and simulation of polarization-independent type of metamaterial absorbers (MMAbs) at X-band frequency. The advantage of polarization-independent MMAbs is it can absorbs incident electromagnetic (EM) wave in all polarization states. It can be achieved by applying circular ring shape in a unit cell of MMAbs because the shape is very symmetry. The simulation is done in a unit cell for each proposed MMAbs structures. The FR4 substrate is used for MMAbs structure designs. The designed MMAbs structures can be divided into two parts which is circular ring and modified circular ring. The characteristics of both structure are studied through simulation process using CST software. Parametric study is conducted to observe the effect of each parameters in unit cell on the absorbing magnitude and frequency. It is observed that circular ring structures can achieve high EM wave  absorbance for single band and multi band frequency. Since frequency separation distant limitation occurred, the modified circular ring structure is proposed by adding copper lines on the original circular ring structure. Thus, dual band frequency with close separation distant between two resonant frequencies is obtained as close as 1 GHz compared to the original dual band circular ring which is 2 GHz.


A compact neural discriminator using a modified ART architecture is presented, envisaging the online classification of particles in a high event rate collider experiment. For making the online operation feasible, the neural discriminator is fed with projected data onto segmented principal components, reducing deeply the dimensionality of data input space. The designed discriminator is able to extract the physics of interest in the experiment (detecting high energy electrons with an efficiency higher than 99.4%) from the huge background noise generated by the collider machine, with a false alarm probability smaller than 2%. The discriminator system is being implemented on digital signal processor technology, achieving a processing speed of 68.8 /spl mu/s.


Objective: To report the use of virtual reality and its relation to the diminishment of pain intensity in a burned child, who is hospitalized at a reference Pediatrics Center for Burnt Treatment (CBT) in the southern Brazil. Case Report: G.H.M., 9 years old, male, hospitalized in the Center for Burnt Treatment in southern Brazil, presenting burns by direct flame in the right leg for one day, 1% body surface burnt, and partial superficial thickness burns. Previously to the beginning of dressing change, pharmacological treatment was used, and during the procedures, the virtual reality was used as non-pharmacological treatment. Pain was measured previously, during and afterwards the wound care through Faces and Numerals Scale. In the three days in which the virtual reality was used during the dressing change, a diminishment of painful facial expressions happened, as well as a better cooperation during the procedures, besides verbal report of less time thinking about the pain. It is important to highlight that, in the last day, medication was not necessary. Conclusion: Non-pharmacological methods has been being applied as a complement to the use of pharmacological treatments in the care of burned patients. Virtual reality presents as an alternative, which demonstrates promisor results, mainly the ones concerning reducing pain intensity, which presents huge benefits to its use.


Numerical modeling for a square lattice has confirmed the validity of a statistical approach proposed earlier for the description of the kinetics of irreversible transformations in solids


Many nations consider democracy to be an important social value. Nevertheless, does it mean that countries with more democracy are often wealthier? What are the relationships between economic growth and democracy? This research includes 167 countries to study the issue. We employ the data of the democracy index, corruption perception index, inflation, population, number of internet users, balance of trade, foreign direct investment, etc. We have also included sub-indices such as the electoral process and pluralism, functioning of government, political participation, culture, and civil liberties. An innovative part of the paper is how the corruption perception index has been included in our analysis. Besides, principal component analysis is applied to study the relationship between democracy and economic growth. We conclude that it takes democracy a very long time to affect the macro-economy. The fast pace of change in democracy even harms the macro-economy. If the economy reaches a well-developed stage, the economy will gradually transform into a democratic city automatically in the absence of any external pressure.


Rossendale Council is cracking down on irresponsible dog owners who don't clean up after their dogs and has fined six Bacup residents £75 each in recent weeks.


As one of the five largest industries in China, the automotive industry may well become a prosperous market of production and a large consumer market, but with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, automotive companies have suffered great losses. How to maintain financial competitiveness (FC) through innovation and knowledge after this calamity has become an area of focus for researchers and practitioners. By analyzing listed Chinese automotive companies over the period 2013–2018, the research focus is to determine the non-linear effect of intellectual capital (IC) on FC. IC is measured by the modified Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (MVAIC) model, and FC is measured through a comprehensive index system. The results reveal a cubic relationship between IC and FC. In addition, physical, innovation, and relational capitals have an S-shaped relationship with FC, whereas human capital has an inverted S-shaped curve. The non-linear effect of SC on FC is not significant. It is recommended that managers optimize investment in IC to drive FC in organizations.


CARBON PRICING mechanisms have long been considered an effective way to galvanise clean technology adoption and global emissions reductions, yet current schemes have been lacklustre. The imminent COP26 conference in Glasgow could change this.


2,635,749 4/1953 Cropper et al. ................ 208/52 CT 2,688,401 9/1954 Schmitkons et al. ... 208/52 CT 3,092,568 6/1963 Atteridj ........................... 252/251 R 3,944,482 3/1976 Mitchell et al...................... 208/120 Primary Examiner-Delbert E. Gantz Assistant Examiner-G. E. Schmitkons Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Inez L. Moselle 57 ABSTRACT Metal contaminated heavy oils such as residual frac tions from petroleum distillation are economically con verted to gasoline and other light products in catalytic cracking by practice of a novel catalyst makeup policy of adding controlled proportions of both an active cracking catalyst and a substantially inert, large pore solid to replace the amount of catalyst withdrawn from the inventory of a continuous cracking unit wherein catalyst inventory is continuously circulated between a reactor for cracking charge hydrocarbons and a regen erator for burning off the carbonaceous deposit laid down on catalyst in the cracking reaction.


To verify the incidence of urinary continence decline and the probability of maintaining urinary continence, as well as identify the prognostic factors of urinary continence decline in institutionalized older people.


An enzyme has been found in extracts of chicken erythrocytes which converts delta-amino levulinic acid to the monopyrrole porphobilinogen. Some of its properties have been described (6).


T DYNAMICS of international economic environment is the result of a large number of factors. Technological developments are undoubtedly one of the major factors that are continuously effecting temporary, short-term and long-term changes in international economic and trading environment. One is not exaggerating when one claims that technology is perhaps at the root of many other factors, which surface and bring about various changes in international economic and trading environment. Technological revolutions are not of immediate. origin. Since time immemorial, when man found fire, technological revolutions have been causing structural and other alterations in .. the . economies of the world. But what is distinct about the technologi~al revolutions that have taken place and are taking place in the curr~nt. d~4e is the tremendous acceleration of this process, resulting in qualitati\i'e and quantj.tative shifts in their effect on the economy and society at large, affecting all aspects of human society. .. . . · . . ·


This article introduces a new open-source dosimeter AIRDOS intended for measurements on board aircraft. In-flight measurement of a mixed radiation field is a challenging deal that requires a small low-power-consumption battery-operated lightweight device with long endurance. A new innovative electronic design with a silicon PIN diode used as a sensor is presented, including full description and manufacturing documentation. The device was verified by measurements and compared with reference dosimeters widely used in aircraft dosimetry, such as Liulin MDU and HAWK TEPC. A comparison of the measurements with a computation model CARI 7 was performed as well. All the comparisons yield positive results within known errors. The new design of the dosimeter has a very satisfactory performance in terms of battery life and does not need calibration after manufacturing or recalibration after a long time of usage. Open-source design predetermines AIRDOS for future improvements and open-science.


Cloud computing offers utility-oriented services to users, which is supported by large-scale data center. Although virtualized data centers provide high performance computing service, they also consume enormous amount of power. To solve the problem, dynamic consolidation of Virtual Machines (VMs) is considered as an efficient way to reduce power consumption and guarantee Quality of Service (QoS). Live migration is applied into the dynamic consolidation, which allows VMs to be migrated to other hosts and aims to minimize the number of hosts in data centers. However, the migration overhead is essential to be taken into account and massive migrations will lead to performance degradation and extra power consumption. In this paper, we propose a utilization-based migration algorithm (UMA) to migrate VMs to stable hosts, which efficiently reduces migration time and power consumption. Experiment results show that our UMA can reduce about 77.5%-82.4% migrations and save up to 39.3% -42.2% power consumption compared with the MinPower policy.


This paper examines the effects of major macroeconomic fundamentals on emerging market bond index spreads by using a panel of 25 emerging market countries' bond index spreads and a set of macroeconomic indicators between 2000 and 2009. The findings of the study suggest that there is a positive relationship between bond index spread and foreign direct investment, inflation and a negative relationship between bond index spread and GDP, reserve in total external debt. Major determinants of the emerging markets bond index are determined by using regression analysis based on ordinary least squares method has been applied consisting of fixed effect model, random effect model, but Hausman test showed that fixed effect model is more appropriate.


The present invention uses the peptides NIPP-1 and NIPP-2 obtained by hydrolyzing microalgae nabicula inserta by protein enzymes to protect ethanol-induced hepatocyte damage. And to a health food containing the same, since the NIPP-1 and NIPP-2 peptides obtained by enzymatic protein hydrolysis from microalga Naviculus inserta protect HepG2 / CYP2E1 cells from alcohol-induced liver damage. , The peptide and the health food containing the same has the effect of protecting liver cell damage.


The research on the proposal of a marketing plan for the company MEGA
ELECTRIC & PERNOS, was developed in the canton Lago Agrio Province
of Sucumbios, having as general objective to elaborate a marketing plan
with the purpose that establishes that the hardware can guarantee its
existence and achieve satisfactorily their organizational performance
goals.
The methodological component used during the present investigative
process was integrated by the following methods: historical, deductive,
inductive and analytical; Likewise, the following techniques were used:
direct observation and the survey.
During the process of collecting data and other information necessary for
structuring the present work, 251 company clients, 7 employees and the
Manager of this hardware store were directly involved.
The evaluation of the External Factors of the Company, an activity carried
out through the use of the MEFE matrix, provided a weighted result of
2.62, which indicates that there is an acceptable predominance of
opportunities in the company their threats.
The evaluation of the company's internal factors, carried out through the
use of the MEFI matrix, provided a weighted result of 2.55, which indicates
that the company has a wide predominance of strengths against its
weaknesses.
With the valuable information obtained through the accomplishment of the
respective external and internal analysis, the matrix of High Impact or
Force Measurement was structured, whose crosses: FO - FA - DO - DA,
arrived to be determined in the present project is to select and carry out
the respective contracts with the most popular media, propose a training
plan, improve customer service and promote the services offered by
MEGA ELECTRIC & PERNOS.
The company MEGA ELECTRIC & PERNOS, lacks a marketing plan. The
marketing plan to be implemented in this project consists of developing a
training plan for all the hardware, promoting the services provided by the
hardware in the different media in the city of Nueva Loja, increase sales
and improve profits; and, design a new image through a promotional plan.
The inclusion of the present strategic plan of marketing within the organic
part of the company, demand of the economic delivery by its partners of
the amount of $ 11,950.00 USD.
Among the most significant conclusions and recommendations we have
that La Ferreteria has defined its commercial characteristics by offering its
products and services to its customers, it has been determined that the
hardware does not take advantage of external opportunities and that it is
susceptible to the threats of its surroundings to more than it is internally
weak, through the matrix of high impact it was possible to define the
strategies in order to realize the increase in sales.


Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to any form of hepatobiliary disease is essentially the result of impairment in bile formation and/or bile flow, a condi tion known as cholestasis. Cholestatic jaundice is of ten accompanied by a broad spectrum of laboratory, clinical, and histological abnormalities. Laboratory abnormalities include increased serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and variable elevation of bilirubin, serum copper, ceruloplasmin, cholesterol, lipoprotein X, and serum bile acids, as well as of prothrombin time, which is corrected by vitamin K supplementation. T h e r e i s m i n i m a l o r n o e l e v a t i o n o f aminotransferases. Clinically, pruritus, fatigue, xanthomas, back pain from osteoporosis, pale stools, or even steatorrhea may be present, with evidence of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency. Histologically, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is characterized by bile plugs (bilirubinostasis), feathery degeneration of hepatocytes (cholate stasis) , small-bile-duct destruction, perich olangitis, portal edema, bile lakes and infarcts (typically with extrahepatic obstruction), and finally, biliary cirrhosis.


Two-phase gas-liquid flows are prevalent in various industrial applications. In this study, flows both with and without heat and mass transfer are being considered. For the former, the application of subcooled boiling flow in vertical channels in low and


Here, a vehicle side window system and method for implementing a strategy for breaking ice are described. The strategy for breaking ice receives and analyzes sensor information from one or more environmental sensors to determine when a routine for breaking ice is to be implemented preemptively. The strategy for breaking ice is also able to monitor one or more components of the vehicle side window system to determine when the routine is to be terminated for breaking ice.


Aiming at the indoor positioning by using SIFT algorithm, because the structure information is more or similar, and there is no obvious identification, which will lead to low accuracy and poor applicability, this paper proposes an improved SIFT algorithm for image matching. Choosing Junction feature which is more suitable for indoor structure, and combining with the improved CPW energy function method to eliminate mismatching points. By testing the actual image to compare and analyze get the feasibility and validity of the new algorithm.


The utility model discloses a light guide intelligent coded lock which comprises a cipher key, an intelligent monitoring instrument and an electronic lock, wherein a cipher input unit, a processor and a light signal emitter are arranged on the cipher key; the cipher input unit acquires a cipher input by a user, converts the cipher into an electric signal and transmits the electric signal to the processor; the processor is connected with the light signal emitter and controls the light signal emitter to emit a light signal corresponding to the input cipher; a light signal receiver and a main control circuit are arranged in the intelligent monitoring instrument; the light signal receiver receives the light signal emitted by the cipher key, converts the light signal into an electric signal and transmits the electric signal to the main control circuit for identifying the input cipher; therefore, when the cipher is correct, the light signal receiver outputs an unlocking signal to the electronic lock to execute the unlocking operation. The light guide intelligent coded lock is high in reliability and high in safety, is a safety insurance device integrated with mechanical, optical and electrical integration technologies and supplies powerful protection to family safety theft prevention.


This thesis describes the design and implementation of Babylon v2.0. Babylon v2.0 is a 100% Java compatible framework for building parallel, distributed and mobile applications in Java. Babylon v2.0 incorporates features like object migration, asynchronous method invocation and remote class loading while providing an easy-to-use interface that enables seamless interaction with remote objects and hides the complexities of remote messaging protocols that are normally large part of distributed systems programming. The potential cluster computing benefits of Babylon v2.0 are demonstrated by the evaluation results which show that sequential Java applications can achieve significant performance gains by using Babylon v2.0 to parallelize their work across a cluster of workstations. Intuitive interfaces, ease of use, support for multiple simultaneous users, and services and features that facilitate the development and administration of distributed systems make Babylon v2.0 a unique and powerful system for distributed systems programmers.


When the research on the Chinese classical bibliography has been achieved a lot,there are still a series of insufficiencies.We need different attempts and make a breakthrough because we are not satisfied with the tradition and disdain to enjoy resting in the traditional achievements.


The controlled plant is converted into a second order deep strictly proper plant through model reduction or Bode plot approximation, then all the parameters of robust PID controller can be got from theory using the first order closed-loop gain shaping algorithm, which constructs a robust controller by the four engineering parameters of the largest singular value, bandwidth frequency, peak value and slope of high frequency asymptote according to the desired shape of sensitivity function and closed-loop frequency spectrum. Through two simulating examples, it follows that the control performance and robust stability of robust PID controller are satisfactory. The robust PID algorithm is simple and easy to use in engineering.


Abstract The work reported in the present paper outlines the use of a combined artificial neural network model capable of fast online prediction of textures in low and extralow carbon steels. We approach the problem by a Bayesian framework neural network model that takes into account as input to the model the influence of 23 parameters describing the chemical composition and the thermomechanical processes, such as austenite and ferrite rolling, coiling, cold working and subsequent annealing, involved in the production route of low and extralow carbon steels. The output of the model is in the form of fibre texture data. The predictions of the network provide an excellent match to the experimentally measured data. The results presented in the present paper demonstrate that this model can help in optimising the normal anisotropy rm of steel products.


The Ehlers-Danlos IV syndrome: variety in phenotypes. In three female patients, 2«, 4 and 29 years of age. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) IV was diagnosed on the basis of a deficiency of collagen 111 with among other things a hyperextensible skin and joints and easy bruising. Severity of symptoms varies con siderably per patient. EDS comprises 10 types. Type IV is the most severe type be cause of its often lethal complications like arterial rupture. Deficiency of collagen III is also seen in EDS patients without the classical severe EDS IV phenotype. It is suggested to re strict collagen III analysis to patients who are suspected of having classical EDS IV. LIT £ R A I U U R 1 Sleinmann B, Royce B. Superti-Furga A. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. In: Royce PM. Sleinmann B, editors. Connective tissue and its heritable disorders: molecular, genetic and medical aspects. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1993:351 -409. : Beiiihton P. The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. In: Beighton P, editor.


22 TÝR, S. 1999. Influence of arable farming systems on actual weed infestation of selected crop. In: Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica; mimoriadne cislo: Trendy v agropotravinarstve, 2, 1999, p 153. ISSN 1335-258X. TÝR, S. – LACKO-BARTOSOVA, M. 1998. Weed infestation of spring barley in integrated and ecological arable farming systems. In: 5th Congress ESA, volume 1, 1998, p. 129. ISBN 80-7137-500-4. TÝR, S. – POSPISIL, R. 1999. Pestovanie hustosiatych obilnin bez použivania herbicidov. In: Poľnohospodarstvo, 2, 45, 1999, p. 108-119. ISSN 0551-3677. The authors thank the grant agency VEGA no. 1/6124/99 for supporting of this project.


BACKGROUND
Sclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPCA) of major salivary glands is a rare recently described entity. We report a case of SPCA of the left parotid gland, including the cytologic and histopathologic findings.

CASE
A 20-year-old man presented with a left parotid mass that had been growing slowly for 3 years. Fine needle aspiration cytology showed many syncytial cell clusters of variable size and some ductal structures with an inflammatory background. The cells forming syncytial clusters were large and polygonal, with abundant, eosinophilic, granular or lacelike cytoplasm. Apocrine differentiation with decapitation secretion was commonly seen. The ductal cells had a relatively high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, with granular cytoplasm. Grossly, the 5-cm lesion was a discrete, pale, cystic nodule embedded within the parotid gland parenchyma. Microscopically, the lesion was a nonencapsulated, circumscribed mass of sclerotic and hyalinized, collagenous tissue with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Sclerosing adenosis and cystic ducts with frequent apocrinelike cells were commonly seen. Some acinar cells contained eosinophilic, intracytoplasmic granules of various sizes.

CONCLUSION
The presence of syncytial clusters with apocrine metaplasia and ductal structures in a lymphoplasmacytic background should suggest a diagnosis of SPCA of a major salivary gland.


An experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of different levels of dietary cadmium on hematology, blood biochemical parameters, serum minerals and hormones in kids. Twenty four male kids (3–4 months old, 9.1 kg BW) were stratified by their body weight and randomly assigned to four different treatments and fed a total mixed ration comprised of wheat straw and concentrate mixture for 120 days. In addition, diet of kids in group I, II, III and IV was added with 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 ppm cadmium as cadmium chloride, respectively. This experimental feeding lasted for 120 days, during which blood samples were collected on day 0, 60 and 120. Hemoglobin content, packed cell volume and total erythrocyte counts were similar (P>0.05) among the four groups, but total leukocyte count was significantly (P 0.05) among all the groups, but total protein was significantly (P 0.05) in four groups, but concentration of serum cadmium increased with the increasing level of cadmium in the diet. The results indicated that administration of cadmium in the diet even at sub-toxic levels had an adverse effect on the blood biochemical indices of kids as it increased their blood total leucocyte count, serum total protein, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and cadmium concentration.


Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease, and the pathogenesis is not completely understood. Although there are some mouse models of AD, it is not easy to establish model to represent the natural AD development in human. In this study, we developed an AD model based on outside–inside theory and investigated the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Lcr35), which have known as an immune modulator in allergic diseases. SKH‐1 hairless mice underwent three 1‐week exposures (separated by 2‐week intervals) to an ovalbumin (OVA) or saline (control) patch at the same site to develop the mouse model of AD. Lcr35 (1 × 109 CFU) was administered orally every day from 1 week before the first sensitization until the end of the study. The AD model induced erythematous and itchy skin, increasing TEWL and increasing skin inflammation as assessed by histology in the mice. Oral Lcr35 attenuated all disease parameters previously mentioned. OVA‐specific IgE and skin expression of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) increased in AD mice, but were reduced in AD mice treated with Lcr35. Moreover, Lcr35 treatment led to an increase in CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes of AD mice. In conclusions, based on the 'outside–inside' theory, topical allergen may induce AD without skin injury. Oral application of Lcr35 prevented the development of AD in this model by suppressing production of the inflammatory cytokines, IL‐4 and TSLP in the skin via a mechanism that may involve CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells.


In this article, we focus on the dynamic facial emotion recognition from online video. We combine deep neural networks with transfer learning theory and propose a novel model named DT-EFER. In detail, DT-EFER uses GoogLeNet to extract the deep features of key images from video clips. Then to solve the dynamic facial emotion recognition scenario, the framework introduces transfer learning theory. Thus, to improve the recognition performance, model DT-EFER focuses on the differences between key images instead of those images themselves. Moreover, the time complexity of this model is not high, even if previous exemplars are introduced here. In contrast to other exemplar-based models, experiments based on two datasets, namely, BAUM-1s and Extended Cohn–Kanade, have shown the efficiency of the proposed DT-EFER model.


By far,the traditional study on the tones of Chinese dialect has been relatively full,but many dialect tone still exist certain differences.If using the method of experimental phonetics on the tone of Chinese dialects,it could explain why differences exist in the tone.The selection of experimental example words relate to identification of the payload section,fundamental frequency and extraction of the time accurate data.It is one of the most important basic steps in Chinese dialect tone experimental study.Based on people of multiple pronunciations and using experimental method to study the dialect,it can ensure that the experimental result is objective,accurate and comprehensive.


A kind of Subjective Imaging Effect Assessment (SIEA) method and its applications on intelligent imaging terminal design in engineering site are presented. First, some visual assessment indices are used to characterize the imaging effect: the image brightness, the image brightness uniformity, the color image contrast, the image edge blur, the image color difference, the image saturation, the image noise, and the integrated imaging effect index. A linear weighted function is employed to carry out the SIEA computation and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique is used to estimate its weights. Second, a SIEA software is developed. It can play images after the settings of assessment index or assessment reaction time, etc. Third, two cases are used to illustrate the application effects of proposed method: the image enhancement system design for surveillance camera and the imaging environment perception system design for intelligent lighting terminal. A Prior Sequential Stimulus (PSS) experiment is proposed to improve the evaluation stability of SIEA method. Many experiment results have shown the proposed method can realize a stable system design or parameters setting for the intelligent imaging terminal in engineering site.


The Ganoderma boninense is the pathogen causing basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm, degrades oil palm root cell walls and modify plant metabolisms. Research groups have studied molecular mechanisms responses to G. boninense infections. A few have indicated the importance of studying specific gene expressions in relation to resistance mechanisms. This study aims to identify differentially expressed genes in oil palm roots showing susceptible or resistance responses and visualize their accumulated transcript in the heatmap form. The susceptible and resistant seedlings showing symptoms of BSR infection and healthy ones were sampled. Sixteen genes associated with G. boninense infection were identified and their expression were analyzed. Total RNAs were extracted from root samples and cDNA synthesized. Quantitative real time PCR were performed using cDNA, and differential gene expressions were evaluated. Two genes showed the highest transcript accumulation in susceptible and resistant seedlings treated with or without G. boninense. Ten out of the 16 genes belonged to Group I and the other six to Group. Seven out of the 16 genes were differentially expressed in the samples either with or without G. boninense inoculation. The seven genes may be associated with early infection responses to G. boninense.


Let $n$ be an integer and $s$ be a real number such that $n>2s \geq 2$. Inspired by the perturbation approach initiated by F. Hang and P. Yang (\textit{Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN}, 2020), we are interested in non-negative, smooth solution $v$ to the following higher-order fractional equation \[ {\mathbf P}_n^{2s}(v) = Q_n^{2s}(\varepsilon v+v^\alpha) \] on $\mathbf S^n$ with $0<\alpha \leq (n+2s)/(n-2s)$, and $\varepsilon \geq 0$. Here ${\mathbf P}_n^{2s}$ is the fractional GJMS type operator of order $2s$ on $\mathbf S^n$ and $Q_n^{2s} ={\mathbf P}_n^{2s}(1)$ is constant. We show that if $\varepsilon>0$ and $0<\alpha \leq (n+2s)/(n-2s)$, then any positive, smooth solution $v$ to the above equation must be constant. The same result remains valid if $\varepsilon=0$ but with $0<\alpha<(n+2s)/(n-2s)$.As a by-product, with $0<\alpha\leq (n+2s)/(n-2s)$, we compute the sharp constant of the subcritical/critical Sobolev inequalities \[ \int_{\mathbf S^n} v {\mathbf P}_n^{2s} (v) d\mu_{g_{\mathbf S^n}} \geq \frac{\Gamma (n/2 + s)}{\Gamma (n/2 - s )} | \mathbf S^n|^\frac{\alpha-1}{\alpha+1} \Big( \int_{\mathbf S^n} v^{\alpha+1} d\mu_{g_{\mathbf S^n}} \Big)^\frac{2}{\alpha+1}. \] for the GJMS operator ${\mathbf P}_n^{2s}$ on $\mathbf S^n$ and for all non-negative functions $v\in H^s(\mathbf S^n)$.


Results of an investigation on the se of water vapor plus Q-gas (98.7% hellum-1.3% butane) s a Geiger counting mixture are presented. If the counting system is heated to 100 deg C, water will exist as a gas or vapor at any partial pressure up to a maximum of 76O mm Hg. Q-gas may be introduced to the desired pressure. Both batch counting and flow counting methods were used. Useful plateaus exist at water vapor pressures up to 400 mm Hg with Q-gas added to glve a total pressure of 760 mm Hg. The counting efflclency decreases wlth increased water vapor pressure and is about 70% for water vapor pressures around 400 mm Hg. The operating voltage increases with increased water vapor pressure. Backgrounds are normal. Memory is less than 0.5% for the succeedlng sample and can be reduced to 0.02% by flushing several times with water. (P.C.H.)


This paper aims at investigating the role of cognitive and non-cognitive impact factors on vocational knowledge at the beginning of postsecondary training in a German sample. Although the relevance of post-secondary training for the future economy is documented, little is known about competence development after initial VET in Germany. Therefore, the study seeks to highlight vocational knowledge acquisition that is crucial for future job performance. Referring to Ackerman's PPIK theory [1], the roles of fluid intelligence, prior knowledge, and achievement motivation are investigated. In addition, the relevance of work experience is addressed using different measurements. Structure equation modeling reveals the dominant role of cognitive impact factors on knowledge acquisition, while, in contrast to expectations, achievement motivation does not have any effect. Experiences performing tasks that are closely related to the knowledge captured by the test do have a significant positive effect on knowledge acquisition, whereas experiences in divergent tasks do not. The results provide evidence that those students who do not have specific work experience or who spent a longer time in the workforce might benefit from additional preparatory courses to catch up on necessary knowledge.


Commonly known as swine flu, H1N1 is caused by a variant of Influenza A, responsible for higher mortality and morbidity throughout the world. The struggle of world against H1N1 is completing almost a century now. A serious threat has been posed to human health due to its persist occurrence. In the last decade alone, the number of clinically approved drugs for the treatment of swine flu has escalated from 5 to 30. Pathological analysis has revealed the susceptibility of H1N1 influenza A (swine flu) to oseltamivir and zanamivir. However due to problems of increasing resistance and drug toxicity, successful control of infections related to viruses has settled as an unachieved goal. Marine source, being an underexplored source, can be used for development of novel antiviral agents. Many compounds from the marine source have established their identity in the late stages of clinical trials and several have been chosen as likely leads for prolonged preclinical evaluation. Anti influenza compounds have been isolated from different forms of marine life like sea weeds, fungi, corals, sponges. In the current review emphasis has been laid on marine drugs which have shown in-vivo or in-vitro activity against swine flu: the mammoth of century.


Much recent research [e.g., Goldinger (1993)] has suggested that representations of spoken words in memory are veridical exemplars that encode specific information, such as characteristics of the talker's voice. This exemplar account of phonetic form representations was examined in an experiment in which subjects heard two lists of words. The words in the first list were spoken by both a male and a female speaker. The words in the second list were (1) repetitions of words in the first list spoken by the same talker, (2) repetitions of words spoken by a different talker, or (3) new words. Subjects always made lexical decision responses to the stimuli in the first list. For the second list, subjects in one condition again made lexical decision responses; subjects in another condition performed a recognition task. Results indicated that changing the voice of the talker across lists had no effect on the repetition priming effect when subjects made lexical decisions to the second list. However, in the recognit...


Tears of the acetabular labrum are becoming recognized as a source of hip pain in the athlete. The diagnosis of acetabular labral tears is often delayed, leading to protracted periods of hip pain. In the athlete, symptomatic tears may lead to prolonged periods of missed play. Long-term, these lesions may results in degenerative chondral lesions and ultimately to degenerative joint disease. Treatment for labral tears entails initiation of early nonoperative therapy, with arthroscopic labral debridement reserved for refractory cases. This paper reviews the current knowledge on this subject, including the anatomy, function, and mechanism of injury of the labrum, and focuses on the history, diagnosis, and treatment guidelines for labral tears in the athlete.


Received: 4 September 2019 Accepted: 14 November 2019 Published: 12 February 2020 This paper originated with a question posed about cultural appropriation by westerners of indigenous Peruvian medicines and cultural practices. It has developed into a collaborative, self-re􀅭lexive project between one of the authors of this paper and her academic advisor. Her father, a journalist and adventurer, has organized regular tours through the Amazon that focus on practicing and experiencing Peruvian medicine. He has had a lifelong desire for adventure which led him into the deep jungles of Peru. While his research and exploration has led to "selfdiscovery and contributions to science," his travels left his daughter with a sense of discomfort and concern. After his return to the United States, her father shared his new knowledge of Amazonian medicines with the Western world through published accounts of his travels. As a daughter of a white American father and a Peruvian mother, one of the authors of this paper started to question her father's actions and wondered if they would be considered exploitation and illegitimate exportation of indigenous medicinal culture. By using a combination of content analysis, case study, and collaborative autoethnography supported by our self-re􀅭lexive journal writing, this qualitative study explores the possibility and limitation of academic discourse and the etic and emic perspectives to guide someone to have a better understanding of "self" and family relations within a unique setting of Peruvian medicines and practices in a western society.


Synthetic receptors have been developed for anions such as chloride, phosphate, sulphate and carboxylate. Development of selective receptors for nitrate has, however, been more difficult. Theoretical calculations show that a six-coordinate geometry is the ideal geometry for coordinating NO3 − . Crystallographic data show, however, that NO3 − usually adopts a two- or three-coordinate geometry when interacting with receptors. In this review, we briefly discuss the role of NO3 − in human health and its physical properties. We discuss how proteins and synthetic compounds bind NO3 − , with an emphasis on crystal structures and calculations. Synthetic compounds that best mimic proteins in their types of non-covalent interactions are generally the most effective for binding NO3 − .


This study was conducted to evaluate the modulating efficacy of prolonged oral administration of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. essential oil (FEO) against gamma irradiation-induced oxidative stress in male rats. To achieve the ultimate goal of this study, 32 male Swiss Albino rats were divided into 4 groups, each consists of 8 rats: Group 1 was normal control group, group 2 irradiated with a single dose (6.5 Gy), and sacrificed 7 days irradiation, group 3 received FEO (250 mg/kg body wt) for 28 successive days by intra-gastric gavages and group 4 received treatment of FEO for 21 days, then was exposed to gamma-radiation (6.5Gy), followed by treatment with FEO 7days later to be 28 days as group 3. Sacrifice of all animals was performed after 28 days from the beginning of the experiment. Liver and kidney glutathione (GSH) contents; lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and metallothioneins (MTs) levels were determined. In addition, levels of some trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn and Se) in liver and kidney tissues were also estimated. Rats exposed to gamma radiation exhibited a profound elevation in TBARS and MTs level of liver and kidney tissues. Noticeable drop in liver and kidney glutathione contents were also observed. Tissue organs displayed some changes in trace element concentrations. Rats treated with fennel oil before and after whole body gamma irradiation showed significant modulation in the activity of antioxidants (GSH, MTs). FEO was also effective in minimizing the radiation-induced increase in TBARS as well as trace elements alteration in some tissue organs comparing with irradiated control rats. It could be concluded that FEO exerts a beneficial protective potential against radiation-induced biochemical perturbations and oxidative.


In this paper, a transformer-less grid-connected PV system using low voltage panels is designed and analyzed for residential applications. For this, dual-level dc-dc boost converter is used to obtain a higher voltage level at the output, and the system is integrated into the utility-grids/loads through a three-phase inverter. By this way, the designed system reduces the cost and dimension in comparison with a conventional system. In the designed system, the switching operation of dual-level dc-dc converter is achieved using perturb & observe maximum power point tracking method. In the performance/analysis section, the system is tested for different load groups and irradiation levels. The results show that the system increases the PV voltage to the desired voltage value. Also, the system is analyzed for three irradiation levels and two local load groups. In case studies, it is obvious that the excess power is supplied to the grids and the lacking power is provided from the grids to feed loads.


Academic dissertation To be presented, with permission of the Faculty of Biosciences of the University of Helsinki, for public criticism in the lecture hall 2 of Viikki Information Centre (Viikinkaari 11) on December 2 nd 2006 at 12 o'clock noon.


Abstract Most of the literature on political business and budgetary cycles (PBBC) has focused on fiscal and monetary policy variables in advanced-country contexts. We extend this literature by investigating political cycle effects in a non-monetary, non-fiscal policy regime (the allocation of mining licences) in a transition country context. We propose a model of mining licensing that allows for corruption and for both supply and demand effects to determine the outcome. We then estimate this model using time-series data from post-communist Albania. Relying on a dynamic Poisson model, we find evidence of both opportunistic and partisan effects. Based on our theory, we suggest a corruption interpretation of political cycles in non-fiscal/non-monetary variables. This interpretation, we suggest, may be more applicable to the context of developing and transition countries. Our study raises important questions about the unintended (and often pernicious) effects of transition politics on economic regulation and economic performance in post-socialist economies.


The development of photovoltaics in the United States, with a few notable exceptions, has been carried out by the oil industry. Companies such as Arco, Exxon, Mobil and Sohio have played a tremendously important role in bringing photovoltaic technology to its current state of development. Many of these companies are continuing very active programs in pv, including the investigation of new and potentially far-reaching technologies.


The release behavior of substrates encapsulated in the vesicle can be controlled by the interaction between the vesicular membrane and the protein. However, its control mechanism is still now unknown. Therefore, the protein–vesicle interaction was investigated by a π–A isotherm. It was clarified that the released amount of encapsulated substrates increased with increasing protein–vesicle interaction. This result leads to the development of drug delivery systems (DDS) and of biosensor technology.


When Doppler velocity log (DVL) works in a complex underwater environment, it has the possibility of malfunction at any time, which will affect the positioning accuracy of underwater integrated navigation system (INS). In this work, the INS/DVL integrated navigation system model is established to deal with DVL malfunctions, and the support vector regression (SVR) algorithm is used to establish the velocity regression prediction model of DVL. An optimized grid search-genetic algorithm is used to select the best parameters of SVR. Simulations are designed to compare the results of SVR prediction model and isolating DVL during DVL failure. The semi-physical experiment is carried out to verify the validity and applicability of DVL velocity prediction model. The experimental results show that the INS/DVL integrated navigation system with the proposed model based on SVR performs better than the original integrated navigation system during DVL malfunction.


aimed, he argues, at a juvenile audience. As in other aspects of medieval history, the church looms large. One could ask for more discussion of change over time. The idea of the Middlc Agcs as an unchanging block of time is not challenged sufficiently; the tenth century sharcs paragraphs with the fifteenth. Specialists of medieval history may learn details of the lives of children but will not he surprised by Orme's tindings. This richly illustratcd volume is well suited for student use, and Orme follows through on his stated :rim to correct generally held ideas about niedieval childhood.


Abstract          This research is a qualitative descriptive study that aims to determine the communication network of street children in connection with the implementation of a one-way system in the city of Bogor. It also finds out whether street children are one of the inhibiting factors in implementing a one-way system in the city of Bogor. The communication network described in this study is the structure of the wheeled communication network, the chain communication structure, the communication structure of the Y communication network, the circle network structure, and the communication network structure of all channels. Data sources used in this study are key informants, informants, events and activities, and literature related to group communication and communication networks. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling which was considered to know accurate information in response to the research problem formulation. Data collection techniques using in-depth interviews and observation techniques, while data analysis techniques used using interactive analysis models include: collection, data reduction, data interpretation, and drawing conclusions after verification. Based on the results of the study, communication networks are used by groups of children in the street that became the informant in this study. The first informants were from Tugu Kujang with chain communication network structure. The informants with wheel communication network structure are from Taman Topi, Lodaya, and Bantar Kemang. Street children are not directly inhibiting factors for the implementation of a one-way system in the city of Bogor, yet impeding aesthetics and the order of the city. The government conducts periodic training and provides a Work Training Center on a regular basis and provides Job Training Centers to reduce the growth rate of street children in Bogor city.  Keywords: anak travel bogor, bogor city, communication network one-way system


The aim of the work is to study the mechanical properties of composite material electrode-tools made of pseudo-alloy of the copper-colloidal graphite system for the Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) processing of dissimilar materials. Electrode-tools made of copper, graphite and the specific composite material are compared. These electrodes were used for EDM of samples of alloyed steel and tungsten, aluminum and titanium based alloys. After processing, the surface roughness, wear and performance of the tool electrodes were evaluated. As a result of the experiment, it was established that the electrode made of a composite material, copper-colloidal graphite, in some cases, demonstrated significantly higher performance and wear resistance. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that it is advisable to use an electrode made of a composite material to increase the efficiency of EDM processing of aluminum alloys and alloyed steels, as well as rough EDM processing of titanium alloys.


The present invention discloses a method of testing the performance of pyrotechnic agent varies with temperature, the present invention is based on the use of digital cameras and high definition scanning calorimetry method of combining differential and open a differential scanning calorimeter lid, a small amount of pyrotechnic drug sample is placed in a crucible, of a differential scanning calorimeter from room temperature at a constant ramp rate continuously heating or cooling, the sample and recording the apparent physical appearance with a high definition digital camera photographs, thereby continuously with temperature test pyrotechnic physical changes occurring phenomenon. The present invention may be either chemical properties Explosive analysis varies with temperature, and can be loose or compact Explosive physical properties with temperature change analysis, and taking into account the simple, safe features, the new method Pyrotechnics Pharmacy variation with temperature more comprehensive analysis, not only to adapt to all types of initiating explosive variation with temperature analysis, but also adapt to other drug sample variation with temperature analysis, has good versatility.


We investigate whether size imposes a fundamental constraint on the efficiency of small thermal machines. We analyse in detail a model of a small self-contained refrigerator consisting of three qubits. We show analytically that this system can reach the Carnot efficiency, thus demonstrating that there exists no complementarity between size and efficiency.


Pharmacology and toxicology share a common interest in pharmacokinetic data, especially as it is available in pediatric populations. These data have been critical to the clinical pharmacologist for many years in designing age-specific dosing regimens. Now they are being used increasingly by toxicologists to understand the ontogeny of physiologic parameters that may affect the metabolism and clearance of environmental toxicants. This article reviews a wide range of physiologic and metabolic factors that are present in utero and in early postnatal life and that can affect the internal dose of an absorbed chemical and its metabolites. It also presents a child/adult pharmacokinetic database that includes data for 45 therapeutic drugs organized into specific children's age groupings and clearance pathways. Analysis of these data suggests that substantial child/ adult differences in metabolism and clearance are likely for a variety of drugs and environmental chemicals in the early postnatal period. These results are also relevant to in utero exposures, where metabolic systems are even more immature, but exposures are greatly modified by the maternal system and placental metabolism. The implications of these child/adult differences for assessing children's risks from environmental toxicants is discussed with special focus on physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling strategies that could simulate children's abilities to metabolize and eliminate chemicals at various developmental stages. Pediatrics 2004;113:973– 983; children, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, risk assessment. ABBREVIATIONS. PK, pharmacokinetics; TK, toxicokinetics; CYP, cytochrome P-450; ADR, adverse drug reaction; Vd, volume of distribution; EH, epoxide hydrolase; CBZ, carbamazepine; t1⁄2, drug half-life; PBTK, physiologically based toxicokinetic; GI, gastrointestinal. The fields of pharmacology and toxicology are similarly concerned with human responses to xenobiotics, but there is typically little crossover between these 2 endeavors. As outlined in Fig 1, whereas the starting point in both cases can be the same (eg, a child), the problem addressed and ultimate goals are different. However, pharmacokinetics (PK) offer a linkage in which the principles regarding children's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs can be applied to an area where there is typically very little information, the PK handling of environmental toxicants (toxicokinetics [TK]) in children. This critical data gap arises because controlled TK studies are not feasible in children: the intentional exposure of children or pregnant women to toxicants that have no potential benefit, even at low environmental exposure levels, is not ethically acceptable. In contrast, clinical pediatric drug trials are well accepted for the attainment of PK data and thus provide a data resource for understanding the ontogeny of physiologic/metabolic parameters. This understanding is possible because many drugs are metabolized and cleared by 1 or 2 predominant pathways and so can be used as indicators of PK pathway function.1 Drugs are imperfect surrogates for environmental toxicants in terms of chemical structure, types of biological activity, and size of doses used in clinical trials. However, because environmental toxicants and therapeutic drugs can have the same metabolic pathway, the PK developmental profile observed in drug trials is of relevance to toxicology and risk assessment. This article summarizes our efforts to better understand children's PK through the development of a comparative child/adult PK database that encompasses 45 therapeutic drugs.2,3 By combining this in vivo information with in vitro information from liver bank studies on relative protein amounts for key metabolizing enzymes (eg, cytochrome P-450s [CYPs]),4–8 it is possible to draw conclusions about clearance pathway function at various stages of development, from in utero through adolescence. This information has applicability to children's risk assessment and also as an aid to pediatric drug therapy in terms of understanding how to adjust dosages and the potential for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug–drug or drug–environment chemical interactions. In addition, the PK of the placental–fetal unit can affect in utero exposure to toxicants, and this may contribute to unique sensitivity during this peFrom the *Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, Connecticut; ‡Clark University, Center for Technology, Environment & Development, Worcester, Massachusetts; §Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Received for publication Oct 7, 2003; accepted Oct 20, 2003. Reprint requests to (G.G.) Connecticut Department of Public Health, Box 340308, Mail Stop 11CHA, Hartford, CT 06134. E-mail: gary.ginsberg@ po.state.ct.us The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the State of Connecticut, US Environmental Protection Agency, Clark University, or the University of Rochester. PEDIATRICS (ISSN 0031 4005). Copyright © 2004 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. PEDIATRICS Vol. 113 No. 4 April 2004 973 by guest on October 22, 2017 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/ Downloaded from riod.5,9,10 The excretion of chemicals into breast milk is another pharmacokinetic factor that affects early life exposure and risks, in the realm of both therapeutics and environmental toxicants.11,12 IN UTERO/CHILD/ADULT PK DIFFERENCES: GENERAL OBSERVATIONS The fetal and early postnatal periods differ from more mature stages of development in a number of ways that can affect chemical clearance, half-life, volume of distribution (Vd), and ultimately plasma or tissue concentration. An overview of these factors in children as compared with adults is presented in Table 1. These differences include basic physiologic properties such as lipid and water composition, organ weights, and blood flows, as well as functional deficits as a result of the immaturity of hepatic and renal systems. The largest differences generally occur in premature and full-term neonates with a progressive shift toward adult values during the first months to years of life.


Report taking stock of the guidelines applied by UIC Railways in connection with this major problem of limitation of diesel engine pollution.


The microstructure of the C60/carbon nanotube composite produced at a pressure of 5.5GPa at 1073K wasexamined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM). The XRD profile froma compaction surface indicated that C60 matrix changed into a polymerized phase which can be indexed as fcc structure (a =1.31 nm). On a cross-sectional area of the specimen and the crushed specimen, however, the XRD profiles andthe HRTEM observation suggested that the polymerized structure was approximated as the rhombohedral structure. The structural orientation of the bulk specimen and handling of the specimen (bulk or powder) should be taken intoaccount in structural characterization of high pressure polymerized C60. In the nanotubes, no obvious change in the structureis observed even after high-pressure compaction except for a partial collapse.


is coming to be replaced by a distinctly authoritarian, centralised approach that of course mirrors the mother country's outlook. This, in the author's view, may have further "enhanced" executive dominance, and even led to "the gradual disintegration of [the Legislative Council], deepened the growing fragmentation therein and weakened the potential of political groups within [the Legislative Council] to operate as a collective actor in proposing alternative policies" (pp. 225–26). For Hong Kong, the consequent loss in executive accountability is worrying. In the final analysis, the title of Dr. Gu Yu's book says it all; and its content bears out Professor Albert Chen's pronouncement that constitutionally Hong Kong is "very far from being an independent city state". The system, from its beginnings, was skewed in favour of executive rule. Apart from occasional lapses – for instance, in one footnote, Fanny Law is variously referred to as "Ms.", "Mr.", and "Mrs.", all within the space of six lines (p. 227, n. 27) – the text is clear and well-structured, and the author supplies readers with a wealth of supporting detail and statistics, which amply support her thesis that, at least in the early years, despite an outwardly "executive-led" constitution, power-sharing between the executive and legislative branches of government was more widespread and effective than a reading of Hong Kong's raw constitutional documents would have led one to believe.


Increasing power densities of many-core systems leaves a fraction of on-chip resources inactive, referred to as dark silicon. Efficient management of critical interlinked parameters - power, performance and temperature can improve resource utilization and mitigate dark silicon. In this paper, we present a run-time resource management system for thermal aware performance boosting using a dark silicon aware run-time application mapping strategy. The mapping policy patterns inactive cores among active cores for relatively lower and even distribution of operating temperatures. This provides enough thermal headroom for boosting the frequency of active cores upon performance surges and allows sustained boosting periods, improving the performance further. We design a controller for thermal aware performance boosting that decides on efficient allocation utilization of power budget and thermal headroom obtained from patterning. Our strategy yields up to 37 percent better throughput, 29 percent lower waiting time and up to 2 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="kanduri-ieq1-2805683.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> longer boosting periods, in comparison with other state-of-the-art run-time mapping policies.


This paper compares different well-known volatility models in terms of the in-sample and out-of-sample fit for different horizons to see which models perform best at several horizons. The return series of the S&P500 and the Mexican IPC are used to answer this question. The volatility is forecasted at the one day, one month, six months, one year and two year horizon under different distributions. Besides individual forecasts, forecast combinations are used as well to forecast volatility. All these forecasts are evaluated with the MSE and compared with the Diebold Mariano test and the Model Confidence Set. It can be concluded that in the short run there is not one model that outperforms other models. Half of all models seem to perform equally. Forecast combinations based on the trimmed mean and MSE ranks provide the most accurate forecasts in forecasting volatility in one or two years from now for the S&P500. Forecasting in the long-run for the IPC can be done most accurately by using GJR-GARCH.


Abstract. The development of a rapid and non-destructive method to assess purity levels in samples of biogenic silica prior to geochemical/isotope analysis remains a key objective in improving both the quality and use of such data in environmental and palaeoclimatic research. Here a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) mass-balance method is demonstrated for calculating levels of contamination in cleaned sediment core diatom samples from Lake Baikal, Russia. Following the selection of end-members representative of diatoms and contaminants in the analysed samples, a mass-balance model is generated to simulate the expected FTIR spectra for a given level of contamination. By fitting the sample FTIR spectra to the modelled FTIR spectra and calculating the residual spectra, the optimum best-fit model and level of contamination is obtained. When compared to X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) the FTIR method portrays the main changes in sample contamination through the core sequence, permitting its use in instances where other, destructive, techniques are not appropriate. The ability to analyse samples of


The contemporary focus on good governance reforms in developing countries is based on developing market-enhancing governance capabilities of states. If successful, this type of governance should make markets more efficient. However, the evidence in support of these reforms is poor. Cross-sectional evidence can be used to extract some support for the importance of market-enhancing governance, but the data is weak and can support a number of different results. Some of this evidence is presented in this paper, and we argue that it actually supports the view that 'good governance' reforms are difficult to implement in any developing country. Rapidly growing countries in general did not enjoy better marketenhancing governance conditions compared to the others. If some developing countries nevertheless succeeded in achieving sustained convergence, they must have had other governance capabilities that allowed them to achieve this.


Survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at increased risk of neurocognitive weakness in the areas of attention, executive function, and processing speed. Although fatigue and sleep disturbances are frequent complications of ALL therapy and associated with cognitive functions, the impact of fatigue and sleep profiles during active ALL treatment on posttreatment neurocognitive performance has received limited attention.


results were considered positive when spermatozoa were retrieved. Retrieved sperm were aspirated into the microinjection needle and injected into the oocytes. Sperm recovery, fertilization and pregnancy rates were compared among the groups. Results: The incidence of hypospermatogenesis was the most common testicular histopathological diagnosis (hypospermatogenesis: 53.3%, spermatogenic maturation arrest: 15.0% and sertoli cell only syndrome: 31.6%, p , 0.001), and no case of testicular hyalinization was found. No significant difference was observed neither in sperm recovery (hypospermatogenesis: 50.0%, spermatogenic maturation arrest: 44.4% and sertoli cell only syndrome: 36.8%, p 1⁄4 0.438), high quality embryos (hypospermatogenesis: 48.4%, spermatogenic maturation arrest: 49.6% and sertoli cell only syndrome: 36.8%, p 1⁄4 0.366), pregnancy (hypospermatogenesis: 33.3%, spermatogenic maturation arrest: 25.0% and sertoli cell only syndrome: 16.7%, p 1⁄4 0.736), nor implantation rates (hypospermatogenesis: 25.0%, spermatogenic maturation arrest: 20.3% and sertoli cell only syndrome: 11.3%,), when the three groups were compared. However, the fertilization rate was significantly lower when sertoli cell only syndrome only was diagnosed in comparison with the other groups (hypospermatogenesis: 62.9%, spermatogenic maturation arrest: 52.3% and sertoli cell only syndrome: 16.7%, p 1⁄4 0.045). Conclusions: Previous reports have suggested that the probability of finding spermatozoa varies according to the diagnostic testicular biopsy. Here, we observed that when sperm retrieved from testis, in cases of sertoli cell only syndrome, were injected, the fertilization rate was significantly lower in comparison with the other histopathological diagnosis. However, embryo development, implantation and pregnancy rates did not differ. Investigations of oocytes that remained unfertilized following ICSI revealed that premature chromosomal condensation in sperm may be one of the most common causes of fertilization failure. Although it has been described that the sertoli cell only syndrome is a condition of the testes in which only sertoli cells line are found in the seminiferous tubules, it is known that in incomplete sertoli cell only syndrome, sperm can be retrieved from the testis. However, whether these spermatozoa are completely mature is unknown. Our findings suggest that fertilization function might be influenced by sperm maturity in sertoli cell only syndrome, however once fertilized the embryo development is not affected.


Experimental comparisons were made of the effect of fuzz fairing on the hydrodynamic characteristics of an electro-mechanical tow cable. The tests werte done in the David Taylor Research Center circulating water channel. In addition to bare and plain jacketed cables, three different fairing stiffnesses were evaluated, each at three different fairing lengths. Lift, drag, and vibration data were taken at nominal angles of attack of 2 3 , 4 5 , and 90 degrees and at speeds from 1.0 to 5 . 0 knots.


In 1981 Steward Observatory developed and put into use an intensified photon-counting Reticon detector system for the Cassegrain spectrograph on the observatory's 2.3 meter telescope. During initial design of the detector, particular emphasis was placed on selecting image intensifier components that would provide the highest possible quantum efficiency in the blue spectral region as well as provide a superior pulse-height distribution, good uniformity of response, high resolution from center to edge, and excellent geometrical stability. The Reticon camera electronics and discriminator electronics are the products of a cooperative project between Steward Observatory and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, and represent a newer technology version of the design pioneered by Shectman and Hiltner. The paper presents a description of the detector components, a summary of laboratory evaluation tests, and a summary of the detector's performance at the telescope. Of special significance is a discussion of the detector's true counting efficiency.


Records reveal that beginning in the 1950s there has been an accelerated reduction in ice and snow across most mountain glaciers and ice caps. The glaciers of the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan Mountains are the main source of water for the Ganges and the Indus Rivers. During the summer higher temperatures are causing these glaciers to melt at an increasing rate while during the winter the warmer temperature are yielding a dearth of snowfall, which in turn leads to drought. Along the equator in Africa, glaciers are faced with a similar same situation. In Uganda, 80 percent of the glaciers have disappeared since 1850 and by 2050 they are expected to be completely gone. Only 20 percent of the glaciers on Mount Kenya still remain today as the neighboring rivers continue to dry up, and even the majestic Snows of Mount Kilimanjaro are projected to vanish completely by the middle of the 21st century. Since the 1900s, the glaciers that grace the European Alps have lost 50 percent of their mass, and during the 2003 heat wave in which 30,000 Europeans died, a staggering seven feet of ice melted from the Alpine glaciers. Again in 2005, considered by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to be the warmest year on record, glacial melt water runoff caused extensive flooding across Switzerland. Even in Glacier National Park most of the glaciers are vanishing and the park is expected to be ice free within the next few decades.


Mid-wall panel joints for joining first and second upstanding wall panel members tightly together with their front surfaces in a common plane. A first embodiment utilizes a combination of spacer members and alignment plates fixed to the rear surfaces of the wall panel members, and an elongated joining member which has first and second columns of elongated slots. The spacer members on the first and second wall panel members extend through spacer head receiving portions of the elongated slots and the joining member is then downwardly advanced to a frictional locking position. A second embodiment utilizes spacer members and a split or divided elongated joining member, adjustably clamped together, which permits alignment of the front surfaces of the wall panel members in a common plane, notwithstanding the joining of wall panel members having different thickness dimensions.


The issue of sea cucumber trade and conservation was first brought to the attention of CITES in 2002 through a discussion paper submitted at the 12th meeting of the Conference of the Parties in December 2002 (see document CoP12 Doc. 45 on the CITES Secretariat website at http://www. cites.org). CITES Parties adopted a decision stating that the CITES Secretariat should convene a technical workshop on the matter. Parties also instructed the CITES Animals Committee (a scientific advisory body) to review its outcomes and formulate follow-up recommendations.


A goalofhospicecareis tohelpthe terminally ill live mostfully while dying. Healthcareprofessionalsmust appreciatetheroleofthephysicalbody inpalliativecare.Thisarticleidentifies reasonswe may hold mixed views about the body'sworth anddiscusses relationshipsbetweenthebodyandthe humansymbolsofearth,air, fire, and water. Theserelationshipssuggestinterventionswhich support the mind! body/spiritintegrationwhichis beneficialfor dyingpersons. Introduction Healthcareprofessionalsaretaught that personsare composedof mind, Health care professionalsare taughtthat personsare composedof mind, body, andspirit. body,and spirit. Eachof thesepartsis interrelatedwith the others,eachhas equallyimportantneeds. While thishas notalwaysbeenrecognized, itis acommonly acceptedidea today. Traditionally, healthcarepractitionershave shownrespectfor thebodybykeeping it clean and comfortable,providing privacy during intimate procedures, supplyingfood and drink, and being attentiveto groomingneeds.Inimediatelyafterdeath,thebodycontinuesto be shown considerationthroughbathing, straightening,continuedprivacy, andgentlehandling.All of thisisgood andnecessary, butit falls shortof afull recognitionof the body's role in helping hospicepatientslive most fully while dying. Barbara Bilderback, RN, MS, MChrSp is Bereavement Counselorat Saint Francis Hospicein Tulsa,Oklahoma. 40 TheAmericanJournalof Hospice& PalliativeCare,March/April 1990


The article describes the specifics of training of Chinese students of physical and technical profile to the perception of authentic material in the specialty using training innovative manuals. Tackling language material for the manual was due to educational and professional activities of students, peculiarities of the technical communication. The sequence of presentation from the word to the text reflects the understanding of authentic material from "recognition" of the words (phrases, cliches) to its context use and independent use in speech and in the production of secondary texts (written and oral). This logic of the material is motivated primarily by the features of teaching chinese-speaking students to a foreign language (Russian). As a result, the complex of tasks focused on the development and improvement of all types of speech activity in the field of professional communication is presented.


The same question is posed regarding the summation of the reciprocals of the cubes of the natural numbers, ζ (3). The resulting constant is known as Apery's constant. A YouTube channel, 3BlueBrown, produced a video entitled, "Why is pi here? And why is it squared? A geometric answer to the Basel problem". The video presents the work of John Wästlund. The equations can be extended to ζ (n), but the geometric argument is lost. We try to explore these equations for ζ (n).


The determination of the exterior orientation parameters is an essential pre-requisite for the evaluation of any imagery from terrestrial, airborne or satellite based sensors. Normally, this georeferencing processing is solved indirectly by using a number of well known ground control points and their corresponding image coordinates. Using a mathematical model for the relation between image and object space the exterior orientations can be calculated and the local image coordinates are related to the global ground coordinate system. In principle this approach can be applied for georeferencing of push-broom line scanner imagery, but this process is highly inefficient. Due to the large number of unknowns a large number of tie and control points is necessary for orientation determination. To allow an operational processing the direct measurement of exterior orientation using GPS and INS and additional information is inevitable. Within this article the geometric processing of high resolution line scanner imagery is described and the test results from different airborne test flights flown in 1998 are given.


Due to steady phase error,low-order PLL has a trouble in tracking frequency ramp signals,so that the receiver cannot lock carrier signals.This paper proposed a type of third-order PLL with three zero poles,hence it had better locking effect on carrier signals with Doppler shift since it generated zero phase errors.The design expressions for third-order PLL's parameters were given.With this method,the central frequency of PLL was used to quickly capture signals.The FFT and Kalman filtering were employed to improve the precision of frequency prediction;and the FPGA was utilized to implement a third-order carrier receiver.The research outcome showed that the proposed third-order carrier receiver can track carrier signals steadily.


Decomposition of 2,5-di-(N-nitrosoacetamido)-1,4-di-t-butylbenzene in benzene gives 2,5-di-t-butylhydroquinone diacetates as the major identifiable product. Contrary to predictions based on corresponding reactions of N-nitroso-o-t-butyl- and N-nitroso-2,5-di-t-butyl-acetanilides, no evidence for aryne (or a bis-aryne) was found. Further, there is evidence that the reaction does not proceed via 4-acetoxy-N-nitroso-2,5-di-t-butylacetanilide, decomposition of which gives a different pattern of products including acetic anhydride, in high yield, and 2,5-di-t-butyl-p-benzoquinone. Decomposition of the related p-acetoxy-N-nitrosoacetanilide in the presence of aniline gave acetanilide indicating the presence of an acylating agent, this suggests that in both of these reactions deacylation to give derivatives of benzenediazonium-4-olate may occur.


The present invention relates to a servo controller of the disc drive, and more particularly to an apparatus for effectively compensating for low frequency disturbances to the incoming disk drive. Low-frequency disturbance compensation control device according to the present invention is the state that in the servo control apparatus of a disk drive, to input a control input and the position error signal to control the head movement, calculating the position prediction error by using a predetermined equation of state variables using a mathematical relationship between the predictor, the disturbance and the position prediction error in the estimated filter and the control input for calculating the disturbance estimate from the position prediction error is characterized in that a subtractor for subtracting the disturbance estimate.


I attended the 45th annual meeting of the Animal Behavior Society in Snowbird, Utah, from 16-20 August 2008. The meetings included 4 plenary speakers, a symposium on evolutionary polyphenisms, contributed talks and posters. As is typical of ABS meetings, presentations covered a broad range of research topics on a variety of taxa, but all presenters converged on themes that are topical and cutting edge in the field of animal behaviour. As a primatologist, I have found attending meetings with a broad taxonomic focus invaluable for gaining insights into comparative approaches to studying different domains of behaviour in primates.

My contributions consisted of a paper on my work in chimpanzee communication, of which I was first author and presenter, as well as a paper on structural-function relationships in baboon vocalizations, on which I was second author (the first author was presenter). Both papers were well received and they generated positive commentary from attendees, particularly those involved in the field of animal communication. I was encouraged to continue to apply my theoretical approach to the study of animal vocalizations.

At present, I am starting a new primate research program on New World monkeys in Belize, CA. In future meetings I hope to present data generated by this endeavour, as soon as they become available. International meetings such as those hosted by ABS offer excellent opportunities for Athabasca University to showcase the work of its faculty and to build the university's reputation as a leader in innovative research.


The 3.5 keV line is a purported emission line observed in galaxies, galaxy clusters, and the Milky Way whose origin is inconsistent with known atomic transitions and has previously been suggested to arise from dark matter decay. We systematically re-examine the bulk of the evidence for the 3.5 keV line, attempting to reproduce six previous analyses that found evidence for the line. Surprisingly, we only reproduce one of the analyses; in the other five we find no significant evidence for a 3.5 keV line when following the described analysis procedures on the original data sets. For example, previous results claimed 4$\sigma$ evidence for a 3.5 keV line from the Perseus cluster; we dispute this claim, finding no evidence for a 3.5 keV line. We find evidence for background mismodeling in multiple analyses. We show that analyzing these data in narrower energy windows diminishes the effects of mismodeling but returns no evidence for a 3.5 keV line. We conclude that there is little robust evidence for the existence of the 3.5 keV line. Some of the discrepancy of our results from those of the original works may be due to the earlier reliance on local optimizers, which we demonstrate can lead to incorrect results. For ease of reproducibility, all code and data are publicly available.


The article discusses the history of the development of multilingualism, the urgency of studying this phenomenon. The paper presents the point of view of scientists on the problem of bi-multilingualism. The goals and objectives of the study are determined by the need for analysis of the phenomenon of children multilingualism in conditions of modern globalization. The result of this research is the practical guidelines for specialists working with bilingual children in a limited language environment. We suppose that deep understanding of the inner forms of language units, its cultural components help the students with their free communication in Russian. We make the assumption that the main goal of learning the language in a limited language environment is the process of formation of images of language consciousness.


A 33-year-old primigravida at 32-week gestation was admitted to labor and delivery complaining of severe right upper quadrant pain and worsening coagulopathy. We report the anesthetic and obstetrical management of a complex case of a parturient with a mixed picture of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets who was delivered under general anesthesia further complicated by Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (DIC) and placental abruption.


Purpose
This paper aims to examine whether foreign technology acquisition is complementary to internal technology development in the context of a developing country.

Design/methodology/approach
The selection model developed by Heckman (1979) was applied with the balanced panel data of manufacturing enterprises from the Annual Enterprise and Technology Surveys from 2012 to 2016 conducted by the Vietnamese General Statistics Organization.

Findings
The results indicate that foreign technology acquisition and internal technology development are complementary innovation options. Particularly, the number of patents granted for manufacturing enterprises positively affects the probability that enterprises acquire foreign technologies. This effect is stronger in cases of high-tech industries than in cases of low-tech industries.

Research limitations/implications
Regarding the relationship between internal technology development and foreign technology acquisition, the findings suggest that adoption of foreign technology acquisition and priority in budget allocation for foreign technology acquisition are different in nature and that budget allocation is a more complex issue and may depend on other factors.

Practical implications
For developing countries, governments should adopt policies supporting domestic enterprises in acquiring technologies from advanced countries that could complement the locally developed technologies. These supports should focus on the high-tech or high-innovation rate industries.

Originality/value
In the context of a developing economy, the complementary effect of internal technology development and foreign technology acquisition is stronger in cases of the high-tech industries than in cases of the low-tech industries.


In this paper, the conditions for fabricating Y-branched optical waveguides using the Mosquito method are discussed, focusing on the viscosity of the monomer and the branch angle. With increasing the viscosity of core monomer, the Y-branching structures tend to be distorted particularly when the branching angle is larger than 0.5 degree. After finding out the appropriate fabrication conditions, Y-branched optical waveguides in which two-port cores are vertically stacked are fabricated, taking the advantage of the Mosquito method: the ability to form three-dimensional core wiring patterns. Single-mode and multimode cores are successfully formed in which we could confirm the light propagation.


A single mutation of ultraviolet and a combinational mutation of ultraviolet and lithium chloride were conducted on Serratia marcescens jx -1 screened from the soil.After the mutations,an improved strain with high red pigment production was obtained.The red pigment production ability increased to 1.82g/g cell,which was 1.5 times as much as that of the wild type.Moreover,heritage stability was confirmed.Thus the strain has a good industrialized foreground.


Machine learning (ML) is becoming capable of transforming biomolecular interaction description and calculation, promising an impact on molecular and drug design, chemical biology, toxicology, among others. The first improvements can be seen from biomolecule structure prediction to chemical synthesis, molecular generation, mechanism of action elucidation, inverse design, polypharmacology, organ or issue targeting of compounds, property and multiobjective optimization. Chemical design proposals from an algorithm may be inventive and feasible. Challenges remain, with the availability, diversity, and quality of data being critical for developing useful ML models; marginal improvement seen in some cases, as well as in the interpretability, validation, and reuse of models. The ultimate aim of ML should be to facilitate options for the scientist to propose and undertake ideas and for these to proceed faster. Applications are ripe for transformative results in understudied, neglected, and rare diseases, where new data and therapies are strongly required. Progress and outlook on these themes are provided in this study.


For better or worse, the'de facto relationship' has become an institution of our modern society. With it, however, has come a number of legal problems. Where two parties live together, buy joint property and live 'happily' as man and wife, no legal problems are likely to arise. What are the legal consequences, though, where their harmony is shattered and both parties go their separate ways? Put shortly, who gets what? Because of the large number of couples currently living in de facto relationships and the considerable value of assets held by the parties, both individually and jointly, the practical importance of this question is obvious. If the parties were married, the court would be virtually unrestricted in the property orders it could make under the Family Law Act 1975. As yet, there does not exist in Queensland a statutory equivalent to the Family Law Act for those in a de facto relationship. In such cases, the answer to the question4 Who gets what?' is to be found in basic equitable principles which have developed over the years to cater for the changing conditions in our society.


Service companies, for the most part, do not have physical inventories that allow them to cushion demand variability. The high logistics costs of each process of the company are the reflection of these differences in the forecast. For this reason, having a successful demand forecast will generate a competitive advantage in companies that take these processes with interest. In the present work it is possible to estimate the amount of tourist packages that will be sold in the next three months using ANN (artificial neural networks) that present a decrease in the error of the current situation of 9.89% which, together with a forecast management system of adequate demand, it was thus possible to reduce the logistics costs of the services company by up to 33%.


Amputations rise sharply among troops injured in Afghan war because of foot patrols. (2011, September 20). Syracuse.com, Tuesday. Retrieved from http://www. syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2011/09/troops_amputations_ up_sharply.html. Ascherio, A., Biellik, R., Epstein, R.N., Snetro, G., Gloyd, B.A., & Epstein, P.R. (1995). Deaths and injuries caused by land mines in Mozambique. Lancet, 346(8977), 721–724. Baley, T., Couffinhal, A., Haq, I., Kazi, S., & Loevinsohn, B. (2010). Pakistan sector report: Delivering better health services to Pakistan's poor. Washington, DC: World Bank. Boyle, D., Parker, D., Larson, C., & Brandão, L.P. (2000). Nature, incidence, and cause of work-related amputations in Minnesota. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 37(5), 542–550. Chan, K.M., Cheung, D., Sher, A., Leung, P.C., Fu, K.T., & Lee, J. (1984). A 24 year survey of amputees in Hong Kong. Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 8, 155–158. Common causes of amputation injuries and your rights. (2011). Injury Board Blog Network. Retrieved from http://northeastnc.injuryboard.com/workplace-injuries/common-causes-ofamputation-injuries-and-your-rights.aspx?googleid1⁄4276118. Dessie, M. (2004). Preventable amputations in Ethiopia. East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 9(1), 8–11. Hu, F.B. (2011). Globalization of Diabetes: The role of diet, lifestyle, and genes. Diabetes Care, 34(6), 1249–1257. Hull, J.B., Bowyer, G.W., Cooper, G.J., & Crane J. (1994). Pattern of injury thosein those dying from traumatic amputation caused by bomb blast. British Journal of Surgery, 81(8), 1132–1135. Korver, A.J. (1996). Injuries of the lower limbs caused by antipersonnel mines: The experience of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Injury, 27(7), 477–479. Lange, R.H., Bach, A.W., Hansen, S.T., & Johansen, K.H. (1985, March). Open tibial fractures with associated vascular injuries: prognosis for limb salvage. Journal of Trauma, 25(3), 203–208. Marsh, D.R., Kadir, M.M., Husein, K., Luby, S.P., Siddiqui, R., Khalid, S.B. (2000). Adult mortality in slums of Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 50(9), 300–306. Mohan, D. (1984). Amputees in India: Who they are, what they need and what they get. New Delhi: Second Annual State Bank Lecture, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology. National Transport Research Centre. (1999). Manual of road safety improvement by the use of low cost engineering countermeasures. Islamabad, Pakistan: National Transport Research Centre, National Highway Authority and Finnroad OY. Peden, M.M., Krug, E., Mohan, D., Hyder, A., Norton, R., MacKay, M., & Dora, C. (2001). Five-year WHO strategy on road traffic injury prevention (Ref: WHO/ NMH/VIP/01.03). Geneva: World Health Organization. Razzak, J.A., & Luby, S.P. (1998, October). Estimating deaths and injuries due to road traffic accidents in Karachi, Pakistan, through the capture-recapture method. International Journal of Epidemiology, 27(5), 866–870. Razzak, J.A., Luby, S.P., Chotani, H., & Laflamme, L. (2004, March). Injuries among children in Karachi, Pakistan – when, where and how. Public Health, 118(2), 114–120. UN Road Safety Collaboration. (2011). Global plan for the decade of action for road safety 2011–2020. Geneva: World Health Organization. World Health Organization. (2011). World report on disability. Geneva: Author. Zhang, P., Zhang, X., Brown, J., Vistisen, D., Sicree, R., Shaw, J., & Nichols, G. (2010). Global healthcare expenditure on diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 87, 293–301. ACCIDENTAL NOTE


1. Introduction: Why a new theory of communication? (by Wachsmuth, Ipke) 2. Methodological paradigms in interaction research (by Ruiter, Jan de) 3. A multidimensional activity based approach to communication (by Allwood, Jens) 4. On making syntax dynamic: The challenge of compound utterances and the architecture of the grammar (by Gregoromichelaki, Eleni) 5. Automatic and strategic alignment of co-verbal gestures in dialogue (by Kopp, Stefan) 6. Interaction phonology - A temporal co-ordination component enabling representational alignment within a model of communication (by Wagner, Petra) 7. Communication as moving target tracking: Dynamic Bayesian inference with an action-perception-learning cycle (by Zhang, Byoung-Tak) 8. Language variation and mutual adaptation in interactive communication: Putting together psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives (by Vorwerg, Constanze) 9. "The hand is no banana!" On communicating natural kind terms to a robot (by Peltason, Julia) 10. Interactive alignment and prediction in dialogue (by Garrod, Simon) 11. What is the link between emotional and communicative alignment in interaction? (by Jaecks, Petra) 12. Index 13. Contributors


The fire-detector robot is to help firemen to carry out the searching tasks in the dangerous nvironments.In this paper,the searching tasks of the robot are describde.In order to implement the tasks,the robot must be of the basic functions that are introduced here.At last,some specific problems to be solved in system integration are given.


Abstract Low-frequency peaks begin to appear in Raman spectra of solid N2 when δ-N2 transforms to either the ϵ- or η-N2 phase and orientational order develops in δ-N2. These same peaks are known at 15 K but are very much broader at the higher temperatures. Near the phase boundaries, these peaks are extremely weak and remain weak even under the best of conditions. We have used Raman spectra of these modes to map the δ-ϵ and δ-ϵ phase boundaries.


We work on multiresolution transforms, used in compression systems of image and video in which JPEG2000 is an update to JPEG. We process the basis constructions for the wavelet transforms, and estimate some of their characteristics with those of hierarchical transforms. In the compression performance as measured by PSNR(peak signal to noise ratio), the best performance is provided by H.264, but at a higher computing problems and also JPEG2000 gives a good fidelity ratio compared to H.264 the quality then improves progressively through downloading more data bits from the source. On giving importance to the JPEG2000 and video compression using the same it's also called as "multirate multimedia streaming". In relation to visual quality, the multiresolution transforms provide an improvement more than block (single resolution) transforms.


The study aims to investigate the environmental performance of two sawdust-based and two logwood chipped-based pellet supply systems. Based on a life cycle assessment approach (LCA), environmental inputs, emissions and wastes are compiled and analyzed for different indicators. The study resulted in four major findings: (1) chip-based supply systems outperform sawdust-based systems; (2) the pellet manufacturing process has a share of about 60 to 80% in the overall energy input of the whole supply system; (3) the drying process step causes about 60 to 80% of the energy requirement for the pellet manufacturing process; (4) superheated steam dryer technology offers a high potential for efficiency improvement. Pellet industry can improve competitiveness by using more advanced dryer technology and by taking advantage of the "economies of scale" effect.


Thin films of liquid crystalline polymethacrylates possessing an azobenzene and a cyanobiphenyl side chain exhibit a homeotropic and planar mesogen orientation, respectively. Here, we report a syst...