How do pathogens colonizing the same host interact with each other? We evaluated here the types of interactions taking place between Streptomyces scabiei and Phytophthora infestans, the causative agents of common scab and late blight diseases on potato crops, respectively. Under most conditions tested S. scabiei impaired or completely inhibited the growth of P. infestans by producing either soluble and/or volatile compounds. Media component analysis revealed that increasing peptone levels correlated with increased inhibition of P. infestans. Comparative metabolomics showed that production of S. scabiei siderophores (desferrioxamines, pyochelin, scabichelin and turgichelin) increased with the quantity of peptone thereby suggesting that they participate in the inhibition of the oomycete growth. Mass spectrometry imaging further uncovered that the zones of secreted siderophores and of P. infestans growth inhibition coincided. Moreover, either the repression of siderophore production or the neutralization of the iron-chelating activity of siderophores both led to a resumption of P. infestans growth. Importantly, replacement of peptone by natural nitrogen sources such as sodium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and urea also triggered siderophore production in S. scabiei. Overall, our work further emphasizes the importance of competition for iron between microorganisms that colonize the same niche. As common scab never alters the biological function of tubers, we propose that S. scabiei, under certain conditions, could play a protective role for its hosts against much more destructive pathogens through exploitative iron competition and volatile compound production. Graphical abstract


The non-smooth geometric microstructure and hydrophobicity of the surface of two insects' wings were studied with stereoscopic microscope,scanning electronic microscope(SEM) and the interface contact angle measurement.Observation results show that the micro cavities on the wings of butterfly and the hierarchical nanostructure on the wings of cicada are the fundamental causes for the superhydrophobicity of the wing surfaces.Inspired by this,regular arrays of micropillars and microgrooves were fabricated using laser direct writing and soft lithography,respectively.The static contact angles for water on both surfaces were 151.4° and 121.7°,respectively.Experiment results indicate that the microstructure of solid surface enhances its superhydrophobicity and the microstructure shape of the solid surface has great effect on its wettability.Analysis of the experiment results with classical theory of wettability concludes that Cassie theory and Wenzel theory can be used to interpret the wettability of surface with microstructures at different hydrophobic degrees.In addition,parameters of the microstructure can also affect the wettability of the surface.


R. E. Ferris: Mr. Rylander's paper is the result of one of a series of tests being carried on covering the general subject of the effect of vibration on the insulation and windings of rotating electrical apparatus.


abstract: A base B of a space X is called an OIF base when every element of B is a subset of only a finite number of other elements of B. We will explore the fundamental properties of spaces having such bases. In particular, we will show that in T2 spaces, strong OIF bases are the same as uniform bases, and that in T3 spaces where all subspaces have OIF bases, compactness, countable compactness, or local compactness will give metrizability.


conception, design, and implementation of museum exhibitions and public spaces for 25 years. The phrase "public realm" means different things to different people. Architects and planners tend to define it as the totality of the physical elements, buildings, amenities, and landscapes that together form what we see when we are in a city. For others, the public realm is the sphere of public activities, from the simplest act, like sitting on a bench watching people go by, to the most complex public interactions like community and social events, commercial transactions and political rallies. To me the public realm implies the confluence of the two: the coming together of the form of aplace with the activities that occur there. One cannot exist without the other.


Megacisterna magna is classicaly defined as a cisterna magna measured above 10 milimeter. There is limited data in literature about outcomes of isolated cisterna magna enlargement. These limited amount of data indicates normal neonatal and developmental outcomes however shortness of the available evidences about the outcomes of isolated cisterna magna enlargement render this issue confounding. Here we present a case with an isolated enlarged cisterna magna that was shown to have trisomy 21 afterwards. This is the second case with isolated cisterna magna enlargement reported to have trisomy 21 in the literature. A mild association between cisterna magna enlargement and chromosomal anomalies could be existing particularly with trisomy 21. Risk of chromosomal anomalies should be kept in mind when counselling the patients with isolated cisterna magna enlargement.


The present invention relates to a vessel dedicated to install a rear mounting type offshore wind power generator capable of controlling a position of a post, which allows lateral movement without a separate sync device. According to the present invention, the vessel comprises: a hull (10) including a thrust means, and a loading part which generates buoyance capable of supporting the load of a wind power generator and loads the wind power generator; a fixed structure passing groove (20) formed in the symmetrical hull (10) and having an opening part (11) in a front part; a gantry support (30) including a pair of vertical support parts (31) moved forward and backward along a reference rail (R1) formed on both longitudinal sides, and a horizontal support part (35) having a support rail (R2) laterally to connect the top of the pair of vertical support parts (31); a lower support frame (40) to laterally move along the support rail (R2); a vertical frame (50) integrally or detachably fastened on the lower support frame (40) and upwardly erected by a height of 10 to 70 m; a main lifting/lowering block (60) lifted/lowered along the vertical frame (40); an upper holding part (70) fastened and formed in an upper part of the main lifting/lowering block (60) to support the load of the wind power generator; a lateral moving block (80) to laterally move along a third rail (R3) laterally formed in a lower part of the main lifting/lowering block (50); and a lower holding part (90) installed in the lateral moving block (80) to hold a part lower than a first position.


We continue to investigate two-dimensional laterally propagating flames in type I X-ray bursts using fully compressible hydrodynamics simulations. In the current study we relax previous approximations where we artificially boosted the flames. We now use more physically realistic reaction rates, thermal conductivities, and rotation rates, exploring the effects of neutron star rotation rate and thermal structure on the flame. We find that at lower rotation rates the flame becomes harder to ignite, whereas at higher rotation rates the nuclear burning is enhanced by increased confinement from the Coriolis force and the flame propagates steadily. At higher crustal temperatures, the flame moves more quickly and accelerates as it propagates through the atmosphere. If the temperature is too high, instead of a flame propagating across the surface the entire atmosphere burns uniformly. Our findings could have implications for the relationship between observed burst rise times and neutron star rotation and accretion rates. All of the software used for these simulations is freely available.


The market for battery storage systems (BSS) has been growing rapidly for years and will multiply in the future. With this extension of our previous works, we contribute key figures for model parametrization and political decision-making and depict the market development in Germany, one of the leading storage markets worldwide. In empirical analyses, we evaluate and combine all major public databases on national stationary and mobile storage as well as our databases from subsidy programs and extend the insights by literature research and bilateral industry exchange. In comparison to 2021, the market for home storage systems (HSS) grew by 52% in terms of battery energy in 2022 and is by far the largest stationary storage market in Germany. We estimate that about 220,000 HSS (1.9 GWh / 1.2 GW) were installed solely in 2022. The emerging market for industrial storage systems (ISS) grew by 24% in 2022, with a total of 1,200 ISS (0.08 GWh / 0.04 GW) installed. The market for large-scale storage systems (LSS) increased strongly by 910% with 47 LSS (0.47 GWh / 0.43 GW) commissioned. The electric vehicle (EV) market grew with 693,000 new EV (27 GWh / 43 GW (DC) / 4.5 GW (AC)) by 34% in terms of battery energy. System BSS prices increased significantly in 2022 and were estimated at 1,200 EUR/kWh for HSS. LSS prices ranged on average from 310 EUR/kWh to 465 EUR/kWh. In total, we estimate that over 650,000 stationary BSS with a battery energy of 7.0 GWh with an inverter power of 4.3 GW and 1,878,000 EV with a battery energy of 65 GWh and a DC charging power of 91 GW (12 GW AC) were operated in Germany by the end of 2022. The cumulative battery energy of about 72 GWh is therefore nearly twice the 39 GWh of nationally installed pumped hydro storage demonstrating the enormous flexibility potential of battery storage for the energy system.


Source Code Summarization implies generating summary in natural language from a given code snippet which can be helpful to developers for a platitude of reasons like Knowledge Training, to understand in brief about a newly imported project, to maintain precise summaries on the evolution of source code (using git history), etc. Instead of using state-of-art approaches like RNN and CNN, we propose an alternative approach that uses UAST (Universal Abstract Syntax Tree) of the source code to generate tokens and then use the Transformer model with self-attention mechanism that uses encoder-decoder, which unlike RNN method is helpful for capturing long-range dependencies. We have considered Java code snippets for generating the code summaries.


Digital Forensic is a branch of Forensic science that encompasses the recovery and investigation of digital devices for material mainly related to computer crime. Digital Forensic Investigation is the process of investigating digital devices for the purpose of generating digital evidence related to an incident or a crime under investigation. A proliferation in the amount of crimes and crime related data has lead to a demand in digital forensic investigation tools that helps the investigator to detect, analyze and investigate the criminal data stored on digital devices. This system introduces a subject-based semantic approach that retrieves a set of top documents that are semantically related to each other corresponding to the subject defined by the investigator.


Commercially available domperidone -a D2 receptor antagonistis an immediate release formulation which has never been formulated into microspheres for sustained release. The present work aims towards studying the effect of combination of a natural chitosan from an oyster shell of Mystilis edulis and HPMC (hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose) (spectracel 15 E) as polymer and tripolyphosphate as cross linking agent using wet gelation technique. The various polymer combination ratios for different batches were compared with a low molecular weight standard chitosan. The extracted chitosan – HPMC polymer combination ratios were chosen at ten levels: as batches B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10 for 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:0, 0:1, 3:1, 1:3, 5:1, and 1:5 and 1:1 having 450:450, 300:600, 600:300, 900:0, 0:900, 675:225, 225:675, 750:150, 150:750, 450:450 mg respectively, while the quantity of domperidone and tripolyphosphate remained constant. B11 and B12 were formulated with standard chitosan and HPMC. The percentage yield of the formulated microspheres was determined and then evaluated for flowability, drug entrapment efficiency, drug release and mechanism of drug release by Fickian diffusion. The best batches of the domperidone loaded microspheres produced from the combination polymer were compared with the standard chitosan. The highest yields of microspheres were given by batches B12, B11, B10, and B4 with values of 50.1 ± 0.1%, 49.6 ± 0.1%, 46.6 ± 0.1%, and 46.1 ± 0.0% respectively while the lowest yield were 23.3 ± 0.2% and 23.6 ± 0.2%. B5 and B6 and B9 did not yield any microsphere. The bulk density, tapped density, compressibility and Hausner's ratio of the microspheres showed good flowability and high percent compressibility. The drug entrapment efficiency showed that the entrapment ranged from 54.2 to 97.2, where the least entrapment was B4 (54.2 ± 0.1) and the highest B12 (97.2 ± 0.2). The polymer surface of the microspheres as observed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) was heterogeneous and porous which offers enhanced bioadhesivity. The dissolution study was used to determine the percentage drug release which ranged from 12.1% to 68.9% after 5 hours. Batches 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 11 follow zero order kinetics via Fickian diffusion. The results indicate that microspheres of domperidone could be successfully formulated with a natural chitosan either alone or in combination with HPMC for sustained delivery of domperidone. Furthermore, the concentration of the natural polymer and HPMC employed in the formulation need to be carefully selected to enable the production of microspheres with the desired sustained release properties.


Exposure dose of benzene has been postulated to be critical to induce hemopoietic malignancies. By long-term inhalation of benzene, 300 ppm has been shown to be the dose that induces high frequency of leukemia with the least animal mortality in the mouse. With regard to the benzene studies, determination of the oral dose that will be corresponding to the critical inhalation dose could be important to design the experimental protocol based on oral administration. Based on the background data such as the respiratory volume, absorption factor, and so on, we, therefore, calculated a potential oral dose that is expected to be corresponding to 300 ppm of inhalation dose. The determined oral dose was 150 ㎎/㎏ B.W. We then evaluated, using C57BL/6 mice, the toxic effects of benzene on the peripheral blood and the bone marrow (BM) by oral administration of the selected dose once a day for 1 and 2 weeks. Leukocyte, red blood cell number and BM cellularity were respectively decreased to 47.8%, 72.3% and 66.7% of the respective control level by 1-week oral administration of benzene, and to 30.8%, 60.2% and 80.2% by 2-week oral administration. Changes in the leukocyte numbers were mainly due to the marked decrease of lymphocytes. According to the results, the changes of the parameters examined were generally corresponding to the change levels by the 2-week inhalation. In conclusion, the selected dose, 150 ㎎/㎏ B.W., was a reliable dose corresponding to the 300 ppm benzene inhalation, which was verified by in vivo mouse study.


Purpose: To describe patterns of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy distinct from the classic parafoveal (bull's eye) maculopathy. Design: Retrospective case series. Participants: Patients from a large multi-provider group practice and a smaller university referral practice diagnosed with hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. Patients with widespread or "end-stage" retinopathy were excluded. Methods: Review of ophthalmic studies (fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, multifocal electroretinography, visual fields) and classification of retinopathy into 1 of 3 patterns: parafoveal (retinal changes 2 e6 from the fovea), pericentral (retinal changes 8 from the fovea), or mixed (retinal changes in both parafoveal and pericentral areas). Main Outcome Measures: Relative frequency of different patterns of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy and comparison of risk factors. Results: Of 201 total patients (18% Asian) with hydroxychloroquine retinopathy, 153 (76%) had typical parafoveal changes, 24 (12%) also had a zone of pericentral damage, and 24 (12%) had pericentral retinopathy without any parafoveal damage. Pericentral retinopathy alone was seen in 50% of Asian patients but only in 2% of white patients. Patients with the pericentral pattern were taking hydroxychloroquine for a somewhat longer duration (19.5 vs. 15.0 years, P < 0.01) and took a larger cumulative dose (2186 vs. 1813 g, P 1⁄4 0.02) than patients with the parafoveal pattern, but they were diagnosed at a more severe stage of toxicity. Conclusions: Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy does not always develop in a parafoveal (bull's eye) pattern, and a pericentral pattern of damage is especially prevalent among Asian patients. Screening practices may need to be adjusted to recognize pericentral and parafoveal hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. Ophthalmology 2015;122:110116 a 2015 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.


The purpose of this study was to investigate Black South African caregivers' understanding and approaches to securing a cure for their children with autistic spectrum disorder symptoms. Qualitative data were collected focusing on exploring caregivers' narratives. A purposive sampling technique was used to draw study participants who were of Black South African background and had a child with a diagnosis of an autistic spectrum disorder. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data collected and to give analytical meaning to the narratives. The results yielded four dominant themes regarding the level of caregivers' understanding of autistic spectrum disorder and the options they followed in searching for the cure of their children's illness. The study drew attention to the feelings of frustration experienced by caregivers in their discovery that the use of both indigenous and Western approaches to autistic spectrum disorder symptoms yielded little benefits. Given these findings, a number of recommendations were made to improve policy and practice in the mental health treatment of children with autistic spectrum disorder symptoms among Black South African clients.


This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of General Practice explores breast disease in general practice. It covers breast symptoms, benign breast disease, breast cancer screening, risk factors for breast cancer, and diagnosis and care for breast cancer.


During the past few years much attention has been given to the use or abuse of stimulant drugs, especially those of the amphetamine group. It is well known that the amount of amphetamines prescribed as stimulants or appetite depressants rose to such heights that it is difficult to believe that these drugs are used solely for the above purposes. It is quite well known, however, that they are mostly used as "pep" drugs, leading to addiction, and forming the first step towards the use of the so-called "hard drugs". Of course, there is no doubt that in some cases some stimulants are advisable and, what is more important, may be very useful in mild depressive illnesses, convalescence, all kinds of fatigue mental, physical and drug induced. Some similar conditions may also benefit from mild stimulants and mild antidepressants. For this reason, attention was drawn to 5phenyl-iso-hydantoin, pemoline B.P. ('Kethamed'), This drug, synthesized for the first time in 1913, has been used in practice for quite a long time. The first details, however, were given by Schmidt in 1956, and his findings were confirmed in a series of trials, ranging from 1956 to the present time (see references). The majority of authors claimed that the drug produced a caffeine-like effect of stimulation, achieving a sense of well-being, alertness of mind, improvement in appetite and weight, that it is not habit forming and is relatively free from side-effects. For this reason it was decided to undertake a trial of pemoline in general practice, with a view to finding a possible replacement for the amphetamine drugs which did not have the side-effects of these drugs. It was also the intention of the trial to evaluate the antidepressant action of pemoline.


A new method for determination of trace elements in
submicroliter sample volumes using diode laser thermal
vaporization inductively coupled mass spectrometry (DLTV ICP
MS) is presented.(1) Common laser-based sample introduction
methods use an expensive high-energy pulse laser, whereas DLTV
employs a low-cost near infrared continuous-wave diode laser.
The diode laser energy is sufficient to induce pyrolysis of the
preprinted paper with depositing micro-volume samples and the
generated aerosol is carried out into the ICP MS and tested.
The limits of detection of Co, Ni, Zn, Mo, Cd, Sn and Pb
deposited on the preprinted paper were found to be in the range
of 4 – 300 pg. The technique was applied to determination of
lead in whole blood and tin in canned food without any sample
treatment. Selection of optimal conditions, experimental
arrangement, raster, scan speed etc. will be discussed.
Moreover, a simple laboratory-built tubular laser ablation
chamber equipped with a more powerful NIR diode laser was
constructed. Prototype chamber placed on a common syringe pump
produced rapid line scans across samples (~ 8 s/sample) and the
least dead volume minimizing aerosol diffusion and providing
very fast wash-out. Analysis of Pb in blood samples using a
prearranged calibration set on preprinted filter paper in the
laboratory-built chamber will be demonstrated. Combination of
low-cost instrumentation and a common filter paper with simple
sample preparation provides alternatives to conventional
analysis of metals in liquid samples. The advantages of LDTV
are also very low consumption of sample solution, easy sample
archiving and transportation and option of prearranged
multi-elemental calibration sets.


: The common prediction methods for oil and gas reserves, production rate and requirement are introduced systematically in this paper. They are life model simulation method, gray system method, "reserves-production"dual controlled method, random method and indirect method. It also analyzed briefly their basic feature, suitable ranges and relevant mathematical model building. They can be used to compile the middle and long term plans of oil and gas exploration and development, and to draw up strategy of oil and gas growth.


In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) an effectual scheme for selection of Cluster Head (CH) is vital for attaining improved co-operative data processing. Swarm-intelligent Meta-Heuristic (MH)-based methods for choice of CH are found to be efficient for designing energy-proficient methods which choose ideal CHs from nodes. In this article, Modified Grasshopper and Differential Evolution-based Optimization Algorithm (MGHDEOA) is proposed for achieving network stability in homogenous as well as heterogeneous networks. MGHDEOA incorporates a dynamic mechanism into Differential Evolution (DE) for enhancing global searching ability during optimization. The proposed scheme is designed for enhancing convergence efficacy and preserving diversity of population. It owns the proficiency of improving convergence speed as well as precision. Incorporation of Grasshopper Optimisation Algorithm (GOA) into DE avoids early convergence of the algorithm, as deviation among scaling entities persuades population to be arbitrarily disseminated, focusing on retaining population diversity. Simulation investigation of the proposed scheme is performed well in terms of network lifespan, convergence rate, computation time and communication cost when compared to standard mechanisms taken for examination.


The status of observations of longitudinal Schottky signals at the ANKA storage ring is presented. After a short review of the theory, experimental setup and results are discussed. Special care had to be taken to control and mitigate the impact from strong coherent lines of the short bunches on the signal processing chain. Evidence for Schottky-like signals was observed.


Currently, the government has received special attention to advance the economy and human resources of the village community through the regulation of the village minister, development of disadvantaged areas and transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia number 19 of 2017 concerning the prioritization of using village funds, therefore attention to supervising development in villages is very necessary to ensure that the development in the village is right on target and takes into account the priority needs of the village, as stated in Permendes Number 19 of 2017 CHAPTER II Article 3 concerning the determination of priority for the use of funds. The purpose of this research is to carry out the government's appeal on increasing community participation in the implementation and development of the village in accordance with the government's appeal for supervision of village funds as stipulated in Permendes Number 19 of 2017 so that development in villages prioritizes more urgent community interests and justice for all villagers without distinction. -different, a decision support system is needed to support this activity to be better and more efficient.The stages of the method in the research are direct field visits, namely the village of Jati Baru, kecamatan merbau, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, conducting interviews with the village head, village officials and local villagers in order to obtain information related to this research then look for references and literature studies through research journals, laws, government regulations, and other matters relevant to this research, then apply the Weigthed Sum method. The model is a method of solving problems, designing systems, building systems, testing systems and implementing a decision support system for determining development priorities in Jati Baru Village, Pagar Merbau District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra. The results of this study are the decision support system for determining development priorities in the village and the system is proven to be able to solve the problem of determining development priorities in the village based on predetermined alternatives and criteria.


The conference "Data in the current context: Analysis of applications" is part of the V Festival of Books and III Conference on knowledge "The world of data" organized by the EPM library (Empresas Publicas de Medellin) held on 2, November 3 and 4, 2017 in Medellin - Antioquia (Colombia).
This event tries to answer a series of questions to bring attendees to the current reality and the progress that is taking place in this area, therefore, the scheme is:
¥ What information is considered valuable in the search for solutions to emerging problems?
¥ What are the most useful tools for this?
¥ How to analyze and manage the enormous amount of digital data that we are generating?
¥ How and why implement Open Data in libraries?
¥ What is the information we need to boost global development?
As an added value, there are two projects of great interest and impact for citizens developed in the scope of the Chair of Transparency and Data Management.


Syntax is the means of expression of both grammatical meaning ("case relations") and discourse meaning (theme and rheme). The expression of discourse meaning has priority over the expression of grammaticaL meaning, disparity between grammatical meaning and its expression occurring in those cases where, in transformational-generative terms, movement transformations can be said to have operated to effect a decrease in the disparity between discourse meaning and its expression.


This article focuses on the situation of Slovene an d German translations in the area inhabited by the Slovene ethnic minority in the Austrian stat e of Carinthia. The first part of the article presents the purposes of the study and a short intr oduction to the historical and sociolinguistic background of the Slovene ethnic minority. The hist orical part focuses on the most important points regarding the minority in Carinthia: the beg innings of the Slovene national awakening, the situation after both world wars, and the situat ion of the Slovene minority today. It also briefly describes the development of the three majo r publishers in this area. The second part of the article is empirical and analyzes the data I collected about all of the published translations in this area.


The U.S. Bureau of Mines and the U.S. Geological Survey conducted investigations to appraise the identified resources and to assess the potential for undiscovered resources of the Mormon Mountains Wilderness Study Area, southeastern Nevada. There are no identified resources in or near the study area; however, there are no occurrences of commercial-grade limestones and sand gravel. The study area has high mineral resource potential for copper, lead, zinc, silver, and (or) gold in its southern part and copper, lead, zinc, silver, gold, arsenic, and (or) antimony in its northern part. Part of the study area has moderate mineral resource potential for antimony. Two areas in the central part of the study area have moderate mineral resource potential for molybdenum, tungsten, and (or) tin. The study area has moderate energy resource potential for oil and gas, except for areas of low potential where significant hydrothermal activity has occurred. It has low mineral and energy resource potential for manganese, barite, vermiculite, coal, and geothermal energy.


Solving systems of linear and nonlinear equations is of fundamental importance at the basic level of a vast array of science and engineering applications. As these applications become more computationally complex, the need for low cost, high performance computing methods increases. This paper discusses different approaches to reduce computation time to solve linear equations by using a hardware/software (HW/SW) codesign employing direct methods to accurately and time-efficiently solve matrices. Emphasis is placed on a tested realization of a HW/SW codesign of WZ factorization on a Xilinx FPGA.


The principle of the regenerative braking energy of automobile is introduced. Three types of the regenerative braking system, i.e., energy accumulator of the flywheel, hydraulic pressure and electrochemistry, are discussed. By comparing three types of energy storage methods, a new regenerative braking system is proposed. This type of regenerative braking system has some advantages, such as reclaiming braking energy of automobile, generating electricity, starting engine, and assisting acceleration power of automobile. About 10% -30% fuel can be saved when driving under city conditions.


Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: With increasing rates of patients being newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, foot complications are becoming more common, which often lead to amputation. Compared to major lower extremity amputations, transmetatarsal amputations (TMA) are associated with lower cost, better function, and more aesthetically satisfactory results for patients. Renal failure has been shown to be a significant predictor of morbidity and mortality in lower extremity amputations at various levels. However, previous reports examining the effect of renal function on reamputation rates after TMA have been mixed. As a result, the purpose of this study was to evaluate renal dysfunction as a risk factor for reamputation after initial TMA during the 30-day perioperative period in a large population database. Methods: Patients under 90 years of age who underwent a TMA between 2012 and 2015 were retrospectively identified in the prospectively collected American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program® (ACS-NSQIP®) database using the Current Procedure Terminology (CPT) code 28805. Failure of the initial TMA was defined as reamputation in the 30-day perioperative period through corresponding CPT codes. From these criteria, a total of 1,775 patients were identified. More than 150 unique patient factors were included in the study, but glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) was not reported by the ACS-NSQIP® database. Diabetes status was categorized into four groups: "Insulin" dependent, "Non-Insulin" dependent, or "None." Filtration rate was estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation, and patients were categorized into stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Results: Over the 30-day perioperative period, the rate of reamputation after TMA was 6.5%. No statistical differences in age, gender, race, body-mass index, or level of pre-operative functional status were found between groups. Reamputation rates after TMA was significantly correlated with higher white blood cell counts (p<.00001), greater serum creatinine (p=.021), higher blood urea nitrogen (p=.021), type of glycemic control (p=.002), stage of CKD (p=.003), dialysis (p=.001), and pre-operative blood transfusion (p=.042). Stage IV-V CKD was associated with 75% increased odds of reamputation (OR=1.75, 95% CI=1.12-2.73), and higher stage of CKD was associated with greater reamputation rates (p=.003) where stage II CKD had the lowest reamputation rate (3.6%) and stage V with the highest reamputation rate (10.9%). A similar trend was seen with 30-day mortality (p<.00001). Conclusion: In the current study, CKD was significantly correlated with reamputation rates after TMA as well as 30-day mortality. In contrast to a previous report, dialysis was also associated with TMA failure and need for reamputation. Our findings corroborate previous findings correlating dialysis-dependent renal failure and mortality. Whether patients in certain stages of CKD would achieve better outcomes with higher-level amputation rather than a TMA should be investigated in future studies.


The manufacture of bolometer sensors currently envisaged for ITER makes use of thin-film technologies. This Technical Note describes the characteristics of the sensors and requirements on its suppliers. Experience with the manufacture of similar devices making use of thin-film technologies is a prerequisite, whereas previous experience with plasma diagnostics is not. This Technical Note also provides some historical and technical context and background.


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) made up of a great number of small and inexpensive sensor nodes powered by small batteries. As each sensor node has limited energy, these sensor nodes are send in sleep mode to save energy, this helps to increase the network lifetime. There are two key approaches for sleep scheduling of sensor nodes that are randomized and synchronized. Any Sleep scheduling scheme we are using should be ensure that data can always be routed from nodes to sink. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for sleep scheduling of sensor nodes using a tree and an energy aware routing protocol which is integrated with the proposed sleep scheduling scheme. In tree sink node act as root node and the nodes with higher energy acts as branch node and node with low energy acts as leaf node. The leaf nodes are put to sleep and branch node remains awake and the leaf nodes are made to sleep. This provides a guaranteed path from any node to the sink node. The tree is reconstructed periodically to balance energy in all nodes. The proposed approach also considerably reduces average energy consumption rate of each node as we are able to put more number of nodes to sleep in comparison to other approaches. Fault-tolerance is assured by maintaining two paths from each node to the sink. The most important issue that must consider in designing a data gathering algorithm for WSN is how to save sensor node energy while meeting the needs of users. In this paper, we propose an energyaware routing protocol (EAP) for a long-lived sensor network. This ensures a good performance in terms of lifetime by minimizing energy consumption for in-network communications and balancing the energy load among all the nodes. EAP introduces a new clustering technique for cluster head election, which can handle the various energy capacities. Additionally, it also introduces an efficient approach named intra cluster coverage to cope with the area coverage problem.


in Sao Paulo Med J with great interest. When I published a small study in 1996 with favorable results from the use of relatively small doses of BQ123 in severely affected patients, I tried unsuccessfully to attract commercial interest to pursue the investigation. The physiological effects of ET-1 in healthy volunteers in Rabelink's study


【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to investigate the physiological mechanism involved in the enhancement effects of putrescine(Put) on hypoxic stress tolerance.【Method】 Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings were grown hydroponically and subjected to Put and root-zone hypoxia treatment with or without inhibition the internal nitrate reduction reaction.【Result】 The actual(NRact) and maximal(NRmax) nitrate reductase activities were greatly enhanced by Put application,particularly in roots exposed to hypoxia.The reduction of leaf net CO2 assimilation rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) together with the root mitochondrial respiration rate of total(Vt),cytochrome pathway(Vcyt),and alternative pathway respiration(Valt) were all greatly alleviated by the exogenous Put application.However,when nitrate reduction was inhibited by tungstate in the nutrient solution,Put not only failed to alleviate the hypoxia injury of leaf photosynthesis and root mitochondrial respiration,but also exacerbated the decrease of the activities of the two basic metabolic processes.【Conclusion】 These results indicate that nitrate reduction process is involved in the enhancement effects of Put on root-zone hypoxia tolerance in cucumber plants.


In this paper, a traditional clustering algorithm based on speaker identification is presented. Several audio data sets were tested to conclude how accurate the clustering algorithm is depending on the characteristics of the analyzed database. We show that, issues such as the size of the database, the number speakers, or how the audios are balanced over the speakers in the database significantly affect the accuracy of the clustering task. These conclusions can be used to propose strategies to solve a clustering task or to predict in which situations a higher performance of the clustering algorithm is expected. We also focus on the stopping criterion to avoid the worsening of the results due to mismatch between training and testing data while using traditional stopping criteria based on maximum distance thresholds.


The technology conditions of preparation of chlorine dioxide from sodium cholrate by pyrite reduction were investigated.The best reaction condition is that the amount of pyrite is 6%~9% over theoretical amount,the temperature is about 60 ℃,the initial concentration of sodium chlorate is 4~5 mol/L,and the amount of sulfuric acid is over 150% of theoretical amount.This method has the advantages of easy control reaction,less consumption of sulfuric acid,cheap cost and higher purity of the product.


If a feeling of German nationalism distorted the party's sense of political reality, so also did the rise of Austro-Marxism. Marxist ideology, with its emphasis on class differences, had a greater intellectual hold on the party in the interwar period than at any other time. According to Kaufmann, what Austria needed in the 1920's and the '30's was a coalition government. Political stability was required to permit the government to face the twin dangers posed first of all by economic recession and then by Adolf Hitler's own peculiar brand of Anschlufi. Unfortunately, instead of working together, the two major parties began to grow apart and became bitter enemies. In 1934 the Christian Socials finally used force to crush the Social Democrats. The mutual antagonism between the two parties was stirred up by both Bauer and Ignaz Seipel. And as far as the socialists were concerned, their tendency to regard the Christian Socials as class enemies and ideological foes led to this disastrous hardening of positions. According to Kaufmann, the greatest mistake that the Austrian socialists made after World War I was to leave the governing coalition in 1920. That move was not repeated in the post World War II era. A chastened party realistically made a coalition with the newly formed Austrian People's Party in response to the presence of Allied troops on Austrian soil until 1955. Not only did the coalition make it possible for Austria to speak with a single voice during a time of serious crisis, but the coalition government provided the political stability that made possible the Austrian economic miracle of the 1950's and '60's. During the past decade under Bruno Kreisky's moderate and prudent leadership Austrian social democracy has emerged as the dominant political force in the Second Republic. It now enjoys the political support of that elusive 51 percent of the population about which Bauer used to speak so longingly in the 1920's and '30's. Austrian socialism has won the day, Kaufmann implies, because it has relegated ideology to a secondary role and sought to confront the great social issues of the time from a practical point of view. In so doing, the Austrian Social Democrats returned to some of the basic concepts that featured their early success: a devotion to democracy, an emphasis on social reform, and a realistic willingness to compromise when necessary. In the end, Kaufmann suggests, the real winners were the Austrian people. On the basis of the evidence he may very well be right. State University of New York VINCENT J. KNAPP College at Potsdam


In this study, poly propylene (PP)/potato starch (PS) blend films are prepared using the two roll mill machine. The biodegradability of the films is investigated by soil burial method over a period of 4 months. The percentage weight loss of the bio-composites in the compost soil burial test is increasing with increasing PS content. The biodegradability of the bio-composites is enhanced with increasing starch content because the PS is easily attacked by microorganisms. Any changes in the various properties of the PP/PS before and after degradation are monitored using weight loss, FTIR spectroscopy, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for surface morphology, a thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA) for rapid determination of starch content and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) for crystallanity. It can be concluded from the results that use of these bio-composites will reduce the environmental problems associated with waste pollution and the study findings support the predicted application of bio-composites as green-composites or eco-materials.


The attenuation coefficient has potential in tissue characterization. Previously, it was observed that the accuracy of estimates of the attenuation coefficient slope (ACS) obtained using the spectral-log-difference technique (SLD) degraded due to nonlinear distortion. Based on these observations regarding estimates of the ACS, (i.e., the difference between ACS estimated at high and low pressures, which is called excess ACS in this work), a heuristic approach was devised for determining the nonlinearity parameter, B/A, of a medium. A total of 16 numerical phantoms using the k-Wave simulation package were constructed having spatially random distributions of acoustic density in a 3D grid to generate backscattered signals. To estimate ACS values from the phantoms, we used the SLD technique. The uniform numerical phantoms varied in their properties with B/A values of 6, 8, 10 or 12 and ACS values of 0.3, 0.7, 1.1 or 1.5 dB/cm/MHz. A focused source (f/2) with 1" focal length transmitted a 3.5-MHz centered Gaussian pulse at two different source pressures: 100 kPa (quasi-linear) and 1.3 MPa (nonlinear). Using one of the 16 phantoms as a sample ('sam') and another one as a reference ('ref'), we obtained 240 separate ACS estimates using the SLD for both the low and high pressures. The excess attenuation estimated was related to values of the Gol'dberg number, Γ, which is a parameter that predicts the degree of nonlinear distortion in plane waves. The excess ACS versus log10(Γsam/Γref) had a correlation coefficient of 0.96. The results indicate that a larger mismatch of Gol'dberg numbers between sample and reference resulted in larger excess ACS estimate. Therefore, whenever a large excess attenuation was observed, the Γ mismatch was also large. Using each of the 14 residual phantoms as a second reference ('ref2') with assumed known B/A and ACS leads to (ExcessAttsam)/(ExcessAttref2) ≈ log10(Γsam/Γrer)/log10(Γref2/Γref) from which up to 3360 B/Asam could be estimated. Errors for estimated B/A were small (≤10%) and high (2≥50%) for 31% and 22% of 1536 cases when the phantoms ('sam', 'ref', and 'ref2') had different preset ACS values. When the ACS was identical among the phantoms, the errors for the estimated B/A were relatively small (≤10%) and high (≥50%) for 46% and 6% of 96 cases, which can be explained by having better correlation.


Microbial enhanced oil recovery is considered to be one of the most promising methods of stimulating formation, contributing to a higher level of oil production from long-term fields. The injection of bioreagents into a reservoir results in the creation of oil-displacing agents along with a significant amount of gases, mainly carbon dioxide. Earlier, the authors failed to study the preparation of self-gasified biosystems and the implementation of the subcritical region (SR) under reservoir conditions. Gasified systems in the subcritical phase have better oil-displacing properties than nongasified systems. In a heterogeneous porous medium, the filtration profile of gasified liquids in the SR should be more uniform than for a degassed liquid. Based on experimental studies, the superior efficiency of oil displacement by gasified biosystems compared with degassed ones has been demonstrated. The possibility of efficient use of gasified hybrid biopolymer systems has been shown.


Due to the changes in the Yangtze River waterways,the implementation of the channel improvement project is influenced by various factors.To carry out the dynamic management is the intrinsic requirement of the channel improvement project.This paper presents the necessities of the application of dynamic management to the Yangtze River channel improvement project construction and management and gives a detailed analysis of its application through three successful cases,which may serve as reference for the implementation of similar projects in the Yangtze River waterway or other rivers.


76%) in 5 of these individuals at the dilution of 1/10, that recommended by the manufacturer. Upon further dilution (1/40) of the plasma in each of these 5 individuals, the coagulant activity increased and normalised in all but 1 (family 1, son of sister), whose result was still low at this higher dilution. Amidolytic assays were normal in all samples except that from the latter individual. He was not one of the 3 studied initially, and is being investigated further to determine whether he has protein C deficiency, inherited from his father. Eight family members were also assayed in a second commercial coagulant assay for protein C (Proclot, IL). In this assay, all results were above 75% except "son of sister, family 1" who showed a reduced level in all protein C activity assays, see table. A further two individuals, homozygous for the mutation in factor V and not related to the above families, were also tested in the protein C coagulometric assays. They showed a similar reduction in apparent protein C activity to individuals heterozygous for the factor V 506 Arg to Gin mutation, by the Behring assay (63%, 73%), but normal levels in the IL assay (85%, 94%). In conclusion, we have shown that an apparent type II protein C deficiency phenotype can be attributed to the factor V 506 Arg to Gin mutation. This mutation, therefore, can confound the investigation of protein C deficiency. Similar problems have been observed for coagu lant protein S assays (3,4). The cause of these assay anomalies may be that some assays are sensitive to the addition of a small amount of added variant factor V in the test samples, which cannot be inactivated by activated protein C. Determination of the molecular genetic defect(s) is the only way to achieve a confident diagnosis in cases where dual deficiencies are suggested by plasma assays. Helen Ireland1, Trevor Bayston1, Elizabeth Thompson1, Antonella Adam i1, Cristina Gongalves1, David A. Lane1, Guido Finazzi2, Tiziano Barbui2 S h arin g Cross and Westminster Medical School, London UK; 2Ospedali Riuntiti di Bergamo, Italy


Improvements in the autonomic and vascular systems are implicated in cardiovascular disease risk reduction. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is composed of vascular and autonomic components. This study aimed to investigate between‐ and within‐day reliability of BRS and its autonomic and vascular determinants in adolescents. Thirteen male adolescents (14·1 ± 0·5 y) participated in this study. For between‐day reliability, participants completed four experimental visits separated by a minimum of 48‐h. For within‐day reliability, participants repeated BRS assessments three times in the morning with one hour between the measures. BRS was evaluated using the cross‐spectral gain (LFgain) between blood pressure and heart rate interval. BRS was further divided into: 1) vascular component using arterial compliance (AC); and 2) autonomic component measured as LFgain divided by AC (LFgain/AC). LFgain, AC and LFgain/AC presented between‐day coefficient of variation (CV) of 20%, 17%, and 20%, respectively. Similarly, variables associated with blood pressure control, such as cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, heart rate and total peripheral resistance, presented CVs ranging from 6% to 15%. Within‐day reliability was poorer compared to between‐day for LFgain (25%), AC (25%), and LFgain/AC (31%), as well as all hemodynamic variables (CVs from 11% to 22%, except heart rate with presented CV of 6%). This study indicates suitable between‐ and within‐reliability of BRS and its autonomic and vascular determinants, as well as hemodynamic variables associated with BRS, in adolescents.


Supercapacitors are energy storage devices that have received much interest in the past decade. These devices have unique characteristics, such as high energy density, fast charging, extensive life cycle, and excellent stability. Currently, wearable electronic gadgets have appeared as an interesting application for flexible supercapacitors, in which lightness and flexibility of the electrodes are two of the most important properties. In addition, the materials used as electrodes severely affect the behavior of these devices. Carbon nanomaterials are the most proficient and most studied electrode materials in flexible supercapacitors. Among them, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively studied owing to their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. Therefore, this short review focuses on the new progress in the use of CNT materials as electrodes in flexible energy storage devices.


Lists Supplementary Guidance being produced in association with the Midlothian Local Development Plan. These outline detailed aspects of the Council's planning policies.


Space Dynamics Laboratory of Utah State University has built the SPIRIT III sensor that will be flown aboard the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) spacecraft and will operate for about 20 months. The MSX mission objective is to measure the spectral, spatial, and radiometric parameters of various orbital and suborbital targets; the earth's airglow, aurora, and other upper atmospheric phenomena; and the celestial background. This paper discusses the development of the SPIRIT III sensor - the primary instrument for collecting long-wave infrared data during the MSX mission. SPIRIT III consists of a sensor system and 19 electronic units distributed near the sensor and in the electronics section. The sensor assembly consists of an extremely high off-axis-rejection telescope, a radiometer, and an interferometer, all of which are cooled to cryogenic temperatures by a solid-hydrogen-filled dewar/heat exchanger. In addition to these, there are a number of ancillary/diagnostic instruments.


Due to the addition of the drag reducer in refined oil pipelines for increasing the pipeline throughput as well as reducing energy consumption, the classical method based on the Darcy-Weisbach Formula for precise pressure loss calculation presents a large error. Additionally, the way to accurately calculate the pressure loss of the refined oil pipeline with the drag reducer is in urgent need. The accurate pressure loss value can be used as the input parameter of pump scheduling or batch scheduling models of refined oil pipelines, which can ensure the safe operation of the pipeline system, achieving the goal of energy-saving and cost reduction. This paper proposes the data-driven modeling of pressure loss for multi-batch refined oil pipelines with the drag reducer in high accuracy. The multi-batch sequential transportation process and the differences in the physical properties between different kinds of refined oil in the pipelines are taken into account. By analyzing the changes of the drag reduction rate over time and the autocorrelation of the pressure loss sequence data, the sequential time effect of the drag reducer on calculating pressure loss is considered and therefore, the long short-term memory (LSTM) network is utilized. The neural network structure with two LSTM layers is designed. Moreover, the input features of the proposed model are naturally inherited from the Darcy-Weisbach Formula and on adaptation to the multi-batch sequential transportation process in refined oil pipelines, using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for network hyperparameter tuning. Case studies show that the proposed data-driven model based on the LSTM network is valid and capable of considering the multi-batch sequential transportation process. Furthermore, the proposed model outperforms the models based on the Darcy-Weisbach Formula and multilayer perceptron (MLP) from previous studies in accuracy. The MAPEs of the proposed model of pipelines with the drag reducer are all less than 4.7% and the best performance on the testing data is 1.3627%, which can provide the calculation results of pressure loss in high accuracy. The results also indicate that the model's capturing sequential effect of the drag reducer from the input data set contributed to improving the calculation accuracy and generalization ability.


The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged strongly in recent years thanks to the proliferation of wireless communication devices and networks. It has spawned an explosion of new uses and services such as supply chain management, property and person monitoring, residential or business home automation, etc. However, several challenges must be overcome in order to develop IoT applications such as interoperability and interaction with and between different connected objects. In this paper, we propose a high-level Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that provides end-to-end solution for writing and deploying IoT applications. This IDE uses the Node-RED graphical environment to interact with the OM2M standard which serves as a middle-ware between our Node-RED module and the various heterogeneous devices. It also offers semantic support for an intuitive interaction with these devices.


Teaching youth how to self‐regulate is a focus of a trauma‐informed school approach. Peace Spaces, including Peace Corners and Peace Rooms, are a trauma‐informed intervention used to teach self‐regulation skills to students. The current study used a Consensual Qualitative Research design to identify and describe the thoughts, concerns, and experiences of teachers who implemented Peace Spaces within a middle school in a small urban center of Pennsylvania. Results of qualitative data analyses provided insight into teachers' perceptions of strengths and challenges to the implementation of Peace Rooms. Additionally, using the school's archival data, the study examined how students were using the Peace Room. Domains from interviews with teachers included: (1) How Peace Spaces are Used; (2) Reasons for Using Peace Spaces; (3) Benefits of Peace Spaces; (4) Peace Space Strategies; (5) Challenges of Peace Spaces; (6) Attitudes about Peace Spaces; and (7) Future Directions. Themes from analysis of archival data indicated that students used the Peace Room for one or a combination of five stressors, with Peer‐Related Stressors and Mental Health as the top reasons. Collectively, these results suggested Peace Rooms were useful to students who needed a space to self‐regulate and/or talk through their problems with a trusted adult. Finally, the school's data indicated a downward trend in the number of referrals for discipline.


The investigations were carried out on 35 dairy cows: 18 experimental cows receiving Inmodulen and 17 controls. Inmodulen, a bacterial immunostimulator was administered to experimental cows on the day of calving and on day 14 thereafter. The blood was sampled once a week during the first five weeks of lactation. The level of chemiluminescence (CL) was determined by a luminometer BioOrbit 1251. The phenotype of subpopulations of T lymphocytes (CD2, CD4, CD8) was also examined. The total antioxidative status (TAS) of plasma was determined as well as the activity of SOD, GPX and CAT. Inmodulen was given twice, and caused a significant increase in the percentage of lymphocyte CD4 subpopulation along with an increase in CL, which directly points to an increase in bactericidal activity of neutrophils. The activation of these cells did influence the pro/antioxidative equilibrium of plasma TAS and the activity of SOD and CAT; however, it caused the increase of GPX activity.


Medical students are agents of change who contribute immensely to the medical profession and to society itself. They have, and continue to be, at the forefront of developing innovative programs, pursuing unique opportunities, and leading social change. However, they are not always recognised for their effort in these projects. Lack of recognition both dampens student motivation and reduces public visibility of student-led initiatives. By recognizing these achievements, we saw the opportunity not only to celebrate these significant accomplishments, but also to amplify the message regarding the need for change. In addition, we sought to improve medical student professional development and foster humanism in medical education to illuminate aspects often neglected in medicine.


Provided is a fuel cell to allow an electric automobile to be charged by using the electricity remaining by the operation of a fuel cell at night by employing a charge part. The fuel cell comprises a fuel supply part(10) which supplies fuel; a reformer(20) which is supplied with fuel from the fuel supply part to generate a hydrogen-rich gas; a stack part which generates electricity and heat by the electrochemical reaction of the hydrogen gas generated at the reformer part and the oxygen supplied separately from the hydrogen gas; an electric power converter(40) which is installed at the one side of the stack part to convert the electricity generated at the stack part to allow it to be used; and a charge part(60) which is connected at the side of the electric power converter to allow an electric equipment to be charged.


It is widely considered that micro gas turbines are potential devices for future energy needs. However, many micro gas turbine development projects have failed, particularly those with a very low power level below 10 kW. The financial and experimental capabilities for micro gas turbine development projects are typically extremely limited; hence, there is a need for low cost mobile test rigs. To close this gap, a robust mobile test rig for turboshaft micro gas turbines was developed and validated. The shaft power can be determined using a thermal measurement approach. This circumvents any issues associated with high voltage and electric current levels. The shaft power can be obtained by a straightforward parameter identification procedure based on simple temperature measurements. This approach is feasible because an analytical expression for the transient temperature field can be obtained. The test rig and thermal power measurement concept were fully validated by a commercial micro gas turbine; good agreement was obtained between the experimental results and the theoretical process data.


This paper reports a detailed study of the thermal stability of Cu(150 nm)/Ta(25 nm)/porous polymer(600 nm)/Si structures for multilevel interconnects of the new generation integrated circuits. The samples were annealed at 400°C for different time periods and we then characterized using sheet resistance measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and cross-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is found that the abrupt increase of the sheet resistance of the Cu film takes place after annealing at 400°C for 150 min. An accumulation of oxygen was observed near the Ta/dielectric interface and both oxygen and Ta were significantly diffused into the Cu films as well as the dielectric. It is revealed that the strain between Cu and Ta accelerates Ta diffusion into the pores of the porous polymer and the Ta diffusion coefficient was 0.05±0.001 nm2/s which is more than double of that obtained from the structure without Cu deposited (0.023±0.001 nm2/s).


With the use of the Flory-Krigbaum interaction potential between the polymer solutes, virial coefficients are calculated up to the fifth order. Both the fourth and fifth virial coefficients can take not only positive values but also negative ones. The osmotic pressure obtained from these virial coefficients is compared with experimental data. In low concentration, calculated results agree with the experimental data quantitatively. The limit of concentration up to which the results agree with the experimental data becomes clear by the calculation of the fourth and fifth virial coefficients.


Objective To prevent overflowing body fluid from polluting the aseptic operating towel. Methods To use the 3L-operating towel with bags in the caesarean birth operation and mixed operation to the broken liver and spleen. Results The 3L-operating towel with bags can prevent overflowing body fluid from polluting the aseptic operating towel effectively, keep the patient on comfortable place,and make it convenient for laying the operating appliance. Conclusion It is obviously better to use the 3L-operating towel with bags in the caesarean birth operation and mixed operation to the broken liver and spleen, and can be applied in clinic.


The present study deals with the investigation of mechanical properties of aluminium alloy (Al6063) based hybrid metal matrix composite reinforced with silicon carbide, magnesium and fly ash which were produced by stir casting method. The sample specimens were made by varying the percentage of reinforcement with respect to aluminium alloy. The evaluation of mechanical properties indicates variations in tensile strength, hardness and impact strength with respect to composite combinations. From the experimental results, it is inferred that, to obtain optimum tensile, hardness and impact properties, the percentage of aluminium, silicon carbide, magnesium and fly ash should be 90, 5, 5 and 0 respectively.


Assessment in marriage and family counseling is discussed conceptually and then illustrated in a review of techniques covering 10 topic areas related to marital and family functioning. Overviews of specific methods of assessment are presented. Assessment and its relationship to diagnosis, with special reference to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual series, are examined. Implications for counselors are considered. An extensive list of references is also presented.


Clean coal technology can be used as a leading technology for resolving the coal use and environmental problem. Therefore, it was attached and developed by industrial countries. In China, to establish reasonable management system and policy is the key for clean coal technology industrialization. The law, policy and existing problem with concerned the clean coal technology in China are discussed in this paper. The obstacle to develop clean coal technology industrialization is point out and an policy suggestion to speed up the clean coal technology industrialization is put forward.


Electrical energy consumption has been increasing in recent years which increases the electric power generation. Distributed Generation (DG) have been gaining interest due to its high reliability, high power quality, efficiency, reduced emissions, high security and effective load management. A better way to apply the benefits and potential of DG, microgrid concept has been gaining more attraction. Microgrid is the future Smart Grid, which works as a local energy provider and reduce energy expenses. So the energy consumption must be reduced to improve the efficiency by efficiently using the sources and thus the overall cost can be reduced. Different aspects of microgrid are discussed in this paper. An energy management strategy must be designed to optimize the power exchanged with the grid profile. The conventional energy management system must be improved and re-designed. Brief descriptions about different types of control techniques for microgrid control are provided. Further energy management schemes, future trends and challenges of microgrid are also described.


N-(Trimethylsilyl)amines direct ring-opening carbonylation of a variety of cyclic ethers such as oxiranes (1–3), oxetane (4), tetrahydrofuran (5), and 1,3-dioxolane (6) in the presence of a catalytic amount of Co2(CO)8 under carbon monoxide pressure to give siloxy amides.


An upgrade to the CESR electron-positron storage ring is being considered in which the single ring machine is replaced with two rings capable of storing high currents to provide high luminosity symmetric electron-positron collisions. This paper considers the implementation of the two rings using dual bore quadrupoles fabricated with high temperature superconductors (HTS). The use of HTS provides the required high current density needed to achieve the small (81 mm) inter-beam spacing, with a simpler and more efficient cryogenic system than would be required with conventional low-temperature superconductors. Concepts for the quadrupole magnetic and cryostat design are discussed. A concept for dipole magnets using Nb/sub 3/Sn, integrated with a warm beam tube vacuum system, is also discussed.


This paper presents the 2006 MIRACLE's team approach to the AdHoc Information Retrieval track. The experiments for this campaign keep on testing our IR approach. First, a baseline set of runs is obtained, including standard components: stemming, transforming, filtering, entities detection and extracting, and others. Then, a extended set of runs is obtained using several types of combinations of these baseline runs. The improvements introduced for this campaign have been a few ones: we have used an entity recognition and indexing prototype tool into our tokenizing scheme, and we have run more combining experiments for the robust multilingual case than in previous campaigns. However, no significative improvements have been achieved. For the this campaign, runs were submitted for the following languages and tracks: - Monolingual: Bulgarian, French, Hungarian, and Portuguese. - Bilingual: English to Bulgarian, French, Hungarian, and Portuguese; Spanish to French and Portuguese; and French to Portuguese. - Robust monolingual: German, English, Spanish, French, Italian, and Dutch. - Robust bilingual: English to German, Italian to Spanish, and French to Dutch. - Robust multilingual: English to robust monolingual languages. We still need to work harder to improve some aspects of our processing scheme, being the most important, to our knowledge, the entities recognition and normalization.


Information system survivability is a new research direction in information security.It is also a new idea compared to traditional security theory.Firstly,the necessities of developing information system survivability are given.The definition of system survivability is introduced.Then,related with research on evaluation techniques and enhancement techniques of survivability,the summarization of studying situation in the world is presented from computer system survivability,network survivability,service survivability and software survivability.And researches in and abroad are compared.Finally,the design and implementation of survivable system are discussed.The future development of system survivability is described.


Environmental simulation models need automated geographic data reduction methods to optimize the use of high-resolution data in complex environmental models. Advanced map generalization methods have been developed for multiscale geographic data representation. In the case of map generalization, positional, geometric and topological constraints are focused on to improve map legibility and communication of geographic semantics. In the context of environmental modelling, in addition to the spatial criteria, domain criteria and constraints also need to be considered. Currently, due to the absence of domain-specific generalization methods, modellers resort to ad hoc methods of manual digitization or use cartographic methods available in off-the-shelf software. Such manual methods are not feasible solutions when large data sets are to be processed, thus limiting modellers to the single-scale representations. Automated map generalization methods can rarely be used with confidence because simplified data sets may violate domain semantics and may also result in suboptimal model performance. For best modelling results, it is necessary to prioritize domain criteria and constraints during data generalization. Modellers should also be able to automate the generalization techniques and explore the trade-off between model efficiency and model simulation quality for alternative versions of input geographic data at different geographic scales. Based on our long-term research with experts in the analytic element method of groundwater modelling, we developed the multicriteria generalization (MCG) framework as a constraint-based approach to automated geographic data reduction. The MCG framework is based on the spatial multicriteria decision-making paradigm since multiscale data modelling is too complex to be fully automated and should be driven by modellers at each stage. Apart from a detailed discussion of the theoretical aspects of the MCG framework, we discuss two groundwater data modelling experiments that demonstrate how MCG is not just a framework for automated data reduction, but an approach for systematically exploring model performance at multiple geographic scales. Experimental results clearly indicate the benefits of MCG-based data reduction and encourage us to continue expanding the scope of and implement MCG for multiple application domains.


Abstract A new stannaborate complex of platinum is prepared from the reaction of [Bu3MeN]2[trans- (Et3Pt)2Pt(SnB11H11)2] and 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (dpdmiy). [trans- (Et3P)2Pt(SnB11H11)(dpdmiy)] has been analyzed by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy.


The invention concerns a cosmetic composition, in particular for hair care, comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium: (a) solid particles containing at least 10 wt. % of carbonate calcium; (b) a combination of at least two surfactants, selected among combinations: of at least an anionic surfactant (i) and of at least an amphoteric surfactant (ii) or of at least an anionic surfactant (i) and of at least a non-ionic surfactant (iii); (c) a cationic polymer whereof the cationic charge density is not more than 7 meq/g and, preferably, not less than 0.05 meq/g.


Banana stem is one of the potential wastes of pertania for animal feed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of addition of (SOC) ® on the degree of acidity (pH) and Physical Quality at Banana Stage Silage. The research method used in this research is an experimental method using Randomized Complete Design (RAL). Treatment of SOC at concentration 0% (Control), 0,1%, 0,2%, 0,3% and 0,4% with storage time consist of 1, 3, 5 and 7 day with replication 4 times. The number of samples used are 80 samples used for pH and physical quality (Color, Odor, Texture and Mushroom Existence). The treatment given in the sample is P0 = 0% SOC (control), P1 = SOC concentration 0.1%, P2 = SOC concentration 0.2%, P3 = SOC concentration 0.3% and P4 = SOC concentration 0.4%. The results showed that the addition of SOC and Lama of storage significantly affect the pH value and the smell of banana tree silage. The best concentration is 0.3% and 0.4% with the best storage time of 5 and 7 days.


A 35-year-lold woman, who had a previous history of undergoing cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis 10 years before, was pointed out a liver tumor because of right hypochondralgia and fever. The patient was admitted to the hospital for a close examination. Various tests indicated a postoperative foreign body granuloma, but a possibility of tumor could not be ruled out, and operation was carried out. Pathologically it was intraperitoneal foreign body granuloma due to gauze. Intraoperative foreign body granuloma due to gauze is an iatrogenic disease that can be prevented if medical professions exercise causion, but such cases are still occasionally reported. The definitive diagnosis, even with different images, still leaves some difficult diagnostic questions to be answered. This paper presents an experience with foreign body granuloma following cholecystectomy in a female patient, with a short discussion of the literature.


This short contribution provides a brief overview of the drivers and impacts of beach erosion at the Greek islands and Cyprus, which are under an increasing risk of erosion. The most significant beach erosion drivers have been found to be the mean and extreme sea level rise, as well as various geological (e.g., the geological setting and the diminishing beach sediment supply) and anthropogenic factors (e.g. river dams that starve beaches of their terrestrial sediment supply, degradation of wave-attenuating coastal ecosystems and badly designed/implemented coastal works). Under climate change, beach erosion is projected to have very significant (even devastating) impacts on the populations, assets/infrastructure and socio-economic activities of the islands' beaches, the exposure of which is already very significant and increasing.


Epidemiologic studies have provided compelling evidence that prenatal stress, through excessive maternal glucocorticoids exposure, is associated with psychiatric disorders later in life. We have recently reported that anxiety associated with prenatal exposure to dexamethasone (DEX, a synthetic glucocorticoid) correlates with a gender‐specific remodeling of microglia in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a core brain region in anxiety‐related disorders. Gender differences in microglia morphology, the higher prevalence of anxiety in women and the negative impact of anxiety in cognition, led us to specifically evaluate cognitive behavior and associated circuits (namely mPFC‐dorsal hippocampus, dHIP), as well as microglia morphology in female rats prenatally exposed to dexamethasone (in utero DEX, iuDEX). We report that iuDEX impaired recognition memory and deteriorated neuronal synchronization between mPFC and dHIP. These functional deficits are paralleled by microglia hyper‐ramification in the dHIP and decreased ramification in the mPFC, showing a heterogeneous remodeling of microglia morphology, both postnatally and at adulthood in different brain regions, that differently affect mood and cognition. The chronic blockade of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR), which are core regulators of microglia morphology and physiology, ameliorated the cognitive deficits, but not the anxiety‐like behavior. Notably, A2AR blockade rectified both microglia morphology in the dHIP and the lack of mPFC‐dHIP synchronization, further heralding their role in cognitive function.


The mainland of China has few senior complete underworld organizations at the moment. Most of their crimes are primary form . It will help us to prevent and punish this kind of crimes if we can grasp the actual characteristics of them.


Extant research is increasingly recognizing the importance of customer attachment styles in service settings because of its significance with regard to relationship marketing. This study examined the impact of guest attachment styles on the desire for relational closeness with hosts using perceived hospitality as a mediator of service evaluation. Findings show that guests with higher levels of attachment anxiety seek closer relationships with hosts, and those with higher levels of attachment avoidance spurn efforts towards relational closeness. Also, perceived hospitality mediates only the impact of attachment avoidance on the desire for relational closeness. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.


Introduction  The quartz crystal microbalance‐dissipation (QCM‐D) is a device that measures both the mass of adsorbates upon a surface and the energy dissipated by the surface. The latter quantity, known as dissipation (D), gives information about the viscoelastic properties of species adsorbed to the surface leading to insights into their shape and conformation.


THE skin lesions characteristic of pseudoxanthoma elasticmn were first described by Eigal in 1881 and by Balzar in 1884, and the disease given its usual name by Darier in 1896. Despite, however, the characteristic appearance of the affected areas of skin, pseudoxanthoma elasticum is unrelated to the true xanthomatoses, being rather a diffuse degenerative process with both visceral and cutaneous manifestations, characterised by the local accumulation of abnormal protein with many of the histochemical reactions of elastic tissue. For this reason alternative names have been suggested for it, including elastosis atrophicans, elastosis dytrophica, elastorrhexis, elastosis dysplastica, and hereditary elastodystrophy (Lewis and Clayton, 1933 ; Boeck, 1938; Weber, 1948). None of these terms accords with recent work on the histogenesis of the connective tissue changes in pseudoxanthoma elasticum. The most frequent of the visceral lesions are angioid streaks in the retina, and the association of these with the skin lesions has been termed the Gronblad-Strandberg syndrome. The earlier literature has been extensively reviewed by Carlborg (1944) and by McKusick (1956). Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is probably of genetic origin and may be inherited as an autosomal recessive with partial h'mitation to the female (Scott, 1953). There are numerous reports of its occurrence in siblings and in families (Sugg and Stetson, 1934 ; . Carlborg, 1944 ; Osbourn and Olivo, 1951; Wolff et alii, 1952 ; Cahill, 1957). It is somewhat more frequent in females than in males, and characteristically the first signs appear before the age of thirty, although the patient may be somewhat older before seeking medical advice. Typical changes have been reported in a child of seven years by Anderson and Burby (1955), and in a boy of nine years by Wolff et alii (1952). The disease may affect both white and coloured patients (Greenbaum, 1937 ; Dixon, 1951; McKusick, 1956), and Couperus (1955) mentions a case in a Japanese woman. Eecently the first reports have been published from this country (Cahill, 1957 ; McGeoch, 1957). The skin lesions are the most striking clinical feature. They appear as bilaterally symmetrical, rounded or linear, yellowish plaques occurring principally in the fiexures and areas of movement, l>ut occasionally in other sites such as the anterior abdominal wall. Very rarely they may be unilateral (Larmande and Margaillan, 1957). The affected skin is thickened, but is lax and inelastic. The lesions slowly increase in area. They differ from true xanthomata in several respects, their predilection for flexor rather than extensor surfaces, and the increased laxity of the affected skin. There may be marked telangiectasia at the edge of the lesions (Hannay, 1951), but the intervening skin is essentialy normal in appearance and texture. Barely, the oral, rectal or vaginal mucosae may be involved (Carlborg, 1944).


Commentary on Dewan et al. Light-induced changes of the circadian clock of humans: it is more effective to increase duration than light intensity.


Significance Charge-order–driven ferroelectrics are an emerging class of materials with promise for high-frequency electron-dominated polarization switching, distinct from conventional ferroelectrics. However, only a few systems exhibiting this behavior have been experimentally realized thus far. With continued development of layer-by-layer growth techniques with a high level of composition control, the exploration of charge-ordered ferroelectrics can be extended to artificially structured superlattices. Here, we use density-functional theory to explore an experimentally realized bulk perovskite iron-oxide solid solution with robust charge ordering and find that in superlattices formed by layered cation ordering, bulk charge ordering is maintained and can lead to charge-order–driven ferroelectricity. Our results suggest that other broad classes of mixed valence materials may be promising candidates for discovery of electronic ferroelectrics. Charge-order–driven ferroelectrics are an emerging class of functional materials, distinct from conventional ferroelectrics, where electron-dominated switching can occur at high frequency. Despite their promise, only a few systems exhibiting this behavior have been experimentally realized thus far, motivating the need for new materials. Here, we use density-functional theory to study the effect of artificial structuring on mixed-valence solid-solution La1/3Sr2/3FeO3 (LSFO), a system well studied experimentally. Our calculations show that A-site cation (111)-layered LSFO exhibits a ferroelectric charge-ordered phase in which inversion symmetry is broken by changing the registry of the charge order with respect to the superlattice layering. The phase is energetically degenerate with a ground-state centrosymmetric phase, and the computed switching polarization is 39 μC/cm2, a significant value arising from electron transfer between FeO6 octahedra. Our calculations reveal that artificial structuring of LSFO and other mixed valence oxides with robust charge ordering in the solid solution phase can lead to charge-order–induced ferroelectricity.


This paper is concerned with the variable structure control problems for Markovian jump T-S fuzzy descriptor systems with mode-dependent derivative-term coefficient. A new integral sliding mode control strategy is firstly proposed for Markovian jump T-S fuzzy descriptor systems with mode-dependent derivative-term coefficient. It is shown that although the state variables of the Markovian jump T-S fuzzy descriptor systems are discontinuous at the switching instant, the switching function is continuous all the time. Then a variable structure control method without sliding motion is provided which is regarded as an alternative way to complement the existing sliding mode control method. Finally, an example is given to verify the proposed methods in this paper.


The invention belongs to the technical field of medicines and provides an edaravone compound with a stable crystal form and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps of: stirring to dissolve a crude edaravone product in a pure aqueous solution of ethanol, regulating the pH value to be 3 to 5 by using hydrochloric acid, adding a mixed solution in which the volume ratio of ethers to ketones is 1:(1-4), and stirring to precipitate crystals; and filtering, collecting, washing, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the edaravone compound. The yield is 90 percent, and the purity is 99.6 percent.


Mammalian glycerol uptake/transporter 1 (Gup1), a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gup1, is predicted to be a member of the membrane‐bound O‐acyltransferase family and is highly homologous to mammalian hedgehog acyltransferase, known as Skn, the homolog of the Drosophila skinny hedgehog gene product. Although mammalian Gup1 has a sequence conserved among the membrane‐bound O‐acyltransferase family, the histidine residue in the motif that is indispensable to the acyltransferase activity of the family has been replaced with leucine. In this study, we cloned Gup1 cDNA from adult mouse lung and examined whether Gup1 is involved in the regulation of N‐terminal palmitoylation of Sonic hedgehog (Shh). Subcellular localization of mouse Gup1 was indistinguishable from that of mouse Skn detected using the fluorescence of enhanced green fluorescent protein that was fused to each C terminus of these proteins. Gup1 and Skn were co‐localized with an endoplasmic reticulum marker, 78 kDa glucose‐regulated protein, suggesting that these two molecules interact with overlapped targets, including Shh. In fact, full‐length Shh coprecipitated with FLAG‐tagged Gup1 by immunoprecipitation using anti‐FLAG IgG. Ectopic expression of Gup1 with full‐length Shh in cells lacking endogenous Skn showed no hedgehog acyltransferase activity as determined using the monoclonal antibody 5E1, which was found to recognize the palmitoylated N‐terminal signaling domain of Shh under denaturing conditions. On the other hand, Gup1 interfered with the palmitoylation of Shh catalyzed by endogenous Skn in COS7 and NSC34. These results suggest that Gup1 is a negative regulator of N‐terminal palmitoylation of Shh and may contribute to the variety of biological actions of Shh.


Mathematical models used to simulate the water quality and the processes of self-purification of water bodies are important tools to support effective water resource management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of organic pollution on water quality and the assimilative capacity of organic matter in the Ribeirao Vermelho stream situated in the city of Lavras in Minas Gerais. The deoxygenation rate (K1) and reaeration (K2) were determined and tested in three segments of the Ribeirao Vermelho over two seasons (summer and winter). The purification process simulation was performed using the Streeter- Phelps model. The highest K1 and K2 values occurred during the winter period which was characterized by lower flows. Simulation of the dissolved oxygen profile and biological oxygen demand fitted the model well, indicating the prevalence of carbonaceous deoxygenation due to nitrification and also demonstrating the importance of natural reaeration as part of the purification process. Different response was observed during the winter, in which the high primary productivity values stood in the reaeration process stream. Biological oxygen demand values did not meet the limits recommended by the Resolution of the Ministry of the Environment 357/2005 throughout the river system and the entire study period. In conclusion, the Ribeirao Vermelho is unable to self-purify along its entire length, and water quality is influenced by effluent discharge which intensifies degradation.


Diamond films were deposited on the mirror-polished monocrystalline silicon substrate using a new deposition process of nucleation-methane /hydrogen growth-auxiliary gas /methane /hydrogen growth. The effects of different auxiliary gases on the stage growth of the diamond films were investigated. Scanning electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy were used to detect the surface morphology and the quality of diamond films. The results show that the growth rate of diamond film is 1. 8 μm /h using methane /hydrogen mixture; the growth rate of diamond film increases when oxygen,carbon dioxide and nitrogen are added into the methane /hydrogen mixture,respectively,in which the growth rate of diamond film after adding carbon dioxide is over 3 times than that of using methane /hydrogen mixture; but the growth rate of diamond film decreases after adding the argon. Micro-diamond is formed in the first stage of diamond film growth,while the nano-diamond is formed in the second stage of diamond film growth. Finally,a micro-nanocrystalline dual layer diamond film is obtained by using the new process.


Apron sterilizer of the present invention, the ultraviolet disinfection light, plus generates an ion plasma charged with the negative ions can be eliminated for disinfection and odor and bacteria and the incoming outside air is blown after being heated to a certain temperature hygiene and the apron sterilizing the dryer section for drying the cap with and Toshio; Sterilize the apron and cap and hygiene and dry Toshi and loans to facilitate positioning hang dry; The sterilizing dryer unit and hack portion forming a predetermined spacing to be installed inside the unit; And comprises a control unit for driving and controlling parts of the dry sterilization, the sterilizing and drying unit emitting ultraviolet rays for sterilization, and a sterilizing unit in which plasma is generated; After the external air is drawn heat for drying is supplied constituted by drying, the main UV lamp unit in which the sterilizing unit sterilizing ultraviolet light is emitted and; An ion generator for supplying a plasma charged with the positive and negative ions in the sterilization drying chamber; It is configured to include a front or installed on the back of the secondary UV lamp which enhance the sterilization sodokryeok the bottom portion of the apron and emits ultraviolet light to sterilize the hygiene cap and Toshio of the intermediate portion of the sterile drying chamber, said drying section inlet grill a blower for sucking the air from the inlet portion to discharge the pressure increases above a certain static pressure and; Ventilation duct is a passage for supplying air of a predetermined flow rate is coupled to the discharge port of the blower and; It consists of air heater for heating the air blown is installed in the ventilation duct, and the apron Drying Drying section put is provided at the upper central portion of the sterile dry chamber walking apron; Are respectively provided in the center portion of the left side surface and right side surface of the sterilizing drying chamber consists of a hygiene cap Drying place walking the hygienic cap. According to the apron sterilizer of the present invention is specific able to sterilize the apron is easy to apron and hygienic cap and Toshio mounted and easily even number of discharge of the apron and hygienic cap and Toshio, and may be a uniform sterilization, uniform there are advantages to a uniform and quick drying blower.


This paper starts from the characteristics of soccer and current college football teaching in the analysis of the status quo,then mainly from the adjustment of teaching process,optimizing teaching contents,reforming teaching methods and other aspects of the college football teaching reform and put forward some feasible method.


ASGR1 and CLEC10A are members of a large group of proteins called 'lectins' that non-enzymatically bind carbohydrate structures. In plants these proteins usually occur in storage tissues such as seeds. Research over the past four decades identified a vast number of lectin receptors in mammalian tissues, which function as surveillance of the extensive glycome in normal tissues, recognition of environmental danger signals, cell-cell adhesion, ligand-specific endocytosis, glycoprotein turnover, and mediators of inflammation and immune responses. Five major families of lectin-type receptors have been cataloged: the I-type Siglec receptors are specific for glycan ligands that contain terminal sialic acid [1,2,3]; galectins bind ligands that contain β-galactoside moieties [4,5]; F-type lectins bind fucose [6]; and R-type lectins resemble the protein ricin [7]. By far the largest and most diverse family, indeed a superfamily, consists of C-type lectins that in most but not all cases require Ca to bind the ligand within a conserved carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) [8,9,10]. Starting from the late 1980s, research on these lectins identified 17 sub-groups based on structure of the CRD and specificity of the sugar ligand [10,11,12].


A novel design of a movable mask (collimator) for high-current accelerators is proposed. The mask head is supported by a ceramic rod to reduce interference with the beam. One side of the support is coated with a thin ($\ensuremath{\sim}1\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$) conductive material to avoid extra charge up of the head. The head is also made of ceramics to avoid direct damage from an intense beam. To investigate the availability of the new movable mask, the rf properties, such as the impedances of trapped modes and the loss factors, were evaluated by simulation codes. The frequencies and the Q values of the trapped modes were also measured using a test model, and compared with calculated ones. Two trial modes for KEKB are being manufactured, and will be tested with beams next year.


This article analyzes a problem of quality of the Russian bureaucracy, the reason of poor quality of work of the Russian officials, the decision of this problem in the countries of the Europe and America. This article gives concrete measures on improvement of quality of the Russian bureaucracy.


This paper introduces a distributed auxiliary particle filter for target tracking in sensor networks. Nodes maintain a shared particle filter by coming to a consensus about the likelihoods associated with each particle using the selective gossip procedure. Selective gossip provides a mechanism to efficiently identify the particles with largest weights and focus communication on sharing these important weights. We demonstrate through simulations that the algorithm performs well; compared to state-of-the-art approaches it either significantly improves the accuracy at the expense of a small increase in communication overhead, or achieves comparable accuracy with much lower communication overhead.


In this paper, we propose a new collision avoidance algorithm which is inspired by insect vision. Insects can obtain necessary information for their behavior, such as position and velocity of obstacle, even when they are moving fast. Insects realize this by using micro photo sensors and simple processing. We propose a visual system based on structure of compound eye and simple processing. In the proposed system, ommatidia realized by photo diodes are arranged in semicircle type. When obstacle appears in visual field, three information are extracted, which are the number, the changes in the number and the changes of center position of the active ommatidia. Then the collision possibility is estimated by fuzzy inference using these information. If the collision possibility becomes large, avoidance behavior is executed. We show its performance and compare the results to previous approaches.


On refluxing in 1 mol dm–3 sodium acetate solution at 373 K for up to 27 h, the surface of γ-Al2O3 is transformed to boehmite, AlOOH. Samples of AlOOH/γ-Al2O3 produced on drying are able to adsorb hydrogen dissociatively and catalyse the hydrogenation of pent-1-ene and buta-1,3-diene at and above ambient temperature without further pretreatment. Maxima in activity for isomerisation of pent-1-ene occur after shorter times of acetate treatment than the maxima in hydrogenation activity. The activity of such catalysts is only temporarily diminished by acetylene and carbon monoxide, and is unaffected by the presence of oxygen. However, they are poisoned by HCl, but may be regenerated by the action of steam. Two types of site may be involved in alkene hydrogenation; the first adsorbing hydrogen and initiating spillover to the second type of site where the alkene is adsorbed and hydrogenation occurs. These may be anionic oxygen and Lewis acid sites respectively which may be located at the interface between the boehmite and γ-Al2O3 phases.


Hospitality Industry plays vital role in the growth of Tourism and its contribution in the world's economic development. Hospitality doesn't only refer to accommodation and food service, It's represents many more then the expectation of the guests. Hotels establish the relationship with the guests through providing services which are undreamed by guests. Guest's expectations have been rising day by day. Guest anticipates luxury and latest technology equipped accommodations, Quality of food and tremendous service, well trained staffs that carry world class hospitality skills. This paper methodically portrays and elucidates an empirical research on this field of Hospitality. It will represent the importance of the training for hotel staff which aids in the growth of the hotel. This will also focus on unawareness of the importance of training for hotel staff which can prevent the monetary expansion of the hotel. Training program allow all employees to strengthen work place skills that each employee needs to improve. A development program brings all employees to higher level so they all have similar skills and knowledge.


Numerical simulation and monitoring are made for the extra-large "∞"-shaped deep foundation pit of the south anchorage of Nanjing Fourth Yangtze River Bridge in aspect of deep horizontal lateral deformation and stress distribution of the diaphragm walls.The numerical simulation results are compared to the monitoring results,which results in the deformation rules and stress distribution rules of the diaphragm walls.The simulation results agree well with the monitoring results,which confirms the guidance of numerical simulations to project construction.


China's engineering education have joined the Washington Accord. This is very meaningful to the internationalization of China's higher education. There are three accord which approve engineering and technical education: Washington Accord, Sydney Accord and Dublin Accord. According to the different object, China's higher vocational education is suitable to Sydney Accord which will be very helpful to its internationalization. China's higher vocational education can learn a lot from Taiwan and Hang Kong. So in the face of the impact from Sydney Accord, China' higher vocational education need some make up a missed lesson so as to meet the new needs.