Purpose: The objective of this paper is to report the clinical case of a patient with a Class II division 1 malocclusion with traumatized central incisors and the treatment option of extracting them, followed by space closure with lateral incisors replacement. Case description: A female patient aged 10 years old reported a previous facial trauma due to a bike accident resulting in avulsion and reimplantation of both central incisors when she was 9 years old. The treatment plan included extraction of central incisors, pulling the lateral incisors to the central incisor position and restoring them to improve esthetics. Conclusions: Extraction of maxillary central incisors is not a usual treatment protocol. However, for patients with traumatized central incisors with internal and external root reabsorption and Class II division 1 malocclusion it might be a good alternative for correction of the increased


A decoding algorithm by the generator matrix and the check matrix of a linear code is discussed, and a Matlab program for decoding binary selfdual codes is given.


This Master's thesis presents an investigation of the features and models used
 when constructing a robust speaker identification system using the TIMIT
 speaker database. Investigations of the k-Means clustering algorithm and the
 Gaussian mixture models (GMM) for speaker modelling show an improvement
 in the identification rate when using the GMM speaker models.
 The features for the speaker identification should emphasize the individual differences
 in the speech while suppressing the phonetic information, the exact
 opposite is the case for the features used for speech recognition. However the
 same features, the MFCCs, have been used for both tasks. Using the Fisher's
 F-ratio to measure the frequency regions containing the most discriminative
 speaker information we present a new set of features, the FRFCCs. They emphasize
 the regions with speaker discriminative information and suppress the
 phonetic information in the speech. The Fisher's F-ratio shows that the regions
 around the fundamental frequency (100 Hz) and the third (2500 Hz) and fourth
 (3500 Hz) formant contain large speaker information, while the region around
 the first formant (500 Hz) contains only phonetic information.
 By adding noise to the TIMIT database we show that using the FRFCC features
 yield a better and more robust automatic speaker identification system. Finally
 testing on speech from Danish TV we show that using the FRFCCs instead of
 the MFCCs gives an improvement of 91%.


Here, we examine over two decades of empirical literature to explore the ways scholars have been working to reveal the changing set of policy and political conditions in which teachers unions are operating. In this context, we identify the conceptual models educational researchers have used to frame their research and the applications of these frameworks in the literature on teachers unions. Our findings reveal that the research on teachers unions over the past two decades provides deep historical context. Less evident in this research are explicit conceptual groundings to theory and how the theoretical/empirical literature is applied in inquiry.


Solution precipitation method was used to synthesize two avant-grade ternary complexes of Sm3+ ion
with 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-acetophenone (HDMA) as prime ligand and
5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenathroline (dmphen) as auxillary ligand. Characterization of these complexes
was accomplished by means of elemental analysis, 1H NMR, FT-IR and photoluminescence
spectroscopy. Emission spectra recorded at ambient temperature, displayed sharp emission bands at
564, 600 and 646 nm attributed to 4G5/2→6Hj (j = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2) f-f transitions of metal ion. The decent
decay time of luminescence and superior colour purity reported in complexes. The correlated colour
temperature of these complexes established them as warm light source. The quantum yield was also
evaluated for both complexes. HDMA alone could sensitize Sm3+ ion proficiently but the inclusion of
auxillary ligands neocuproine (neo) or 5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenathroline (dmphen) resulted in reinforced
optical properties. The results of emission spectra illustrated that these ternary complexes can be one
of the most promising substances for fabrication of display devices.


A cost-effective technology is proposed for the integration of very compact and high-performance 3-D solenoid inductors. Based on a two metal level process, it involves a 3-D copper electroplating step for simultaneous integration of vertical and upper sections of coils. Several solenoids fabricated on a glass substrate and ranging from 2.3 to 9.5 nH are presented. The best performance is experimentally achieved by a three-turn 3-nH inductor showing a maximum <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-factor of 58 at 5.6 GHz and a self-resonant frequency of 19 GHz. The best inductance density of 63 nH/mm2 is reached by an eight-turn 9.5-nH solenoid.


ABSTRACT Due to the development of hyperspectral image (HSI) technology, the high-resolution hyperspectral image (HRHSI) in remote sensing is becoming widely used. Compared to traditional HSI, HRHSI has extremely high resolution in both spatial and spectral domains. It contains more texture and spectral information than the low-resolution HSI (LRHSI), which can improve the target detection performance of HSI. However, the majority of the existing automatic target detection methods are only applicable to LRHSI. Therefore, this paper brings forward to a spatial-spectral feature-based target detection framework for HRHSI. First, a two-channel residual network is proposed, which aims to learn jointly spatial-spectral features from the spectral domain and spatial domain of HRHSI. Second, a spatial-spectral feature space is constructed to describe the distribution of the spatial-spectral feature of HRHSI, which can overcome the limitation of the number of training samples. A combined loss function is used to minimize within-class differences and maximize between-class distance in the spatial-spectral feature space. Finally, the detection map is received in the spatial-spectral feature space by calculating the Mahalanobis Distance and analysing the credibility of the target. The experimental results show that our algorithm achieves better target detection accuracy when the number of training samples is limited.


The taxonomic utility of two characters not previously used for identification of Geastrum species is evaluated. First, macrochemical spot tests with chemicals detecting phenoloxidase enzymatic activity (1-naphthol, guaiac gum, and syringaldazine), are performed. In addition, the usefulness of the crystalline deposits from the rhizomorphs, formed by calcium oxalate as monohydrate or whewellite, and dihydrate or weddellite, was evaluated. These features provide valuable data to distinguish some taxa difficult to separate using traditional morphology, such as G. lageniforme , G. saccatum , and G. triplex .


Simulating large systems, such as smart grids, often requires to build a network of specific simulators. Making heterogeneous simulators work together is a challenge in itself, but recent advances in the field of co-simulation are providing answers. However, one key problem arises, and has not been sufficiently addressed: the initialization of such networks. Many simulators need to have proper input values to start. But in the network, each input is another simulator's output. One has to find the initial input values of all simulators such as their computed output is equal to the initial input value of the connected simulators. Given that simulators often contain differential equations, this is hard to solve even with a small number of simulators, and nearly impossible with a large number of them. In this paper, we present a mutli-agent system designed to solve the co-simulation initialization problem, and show preliminary results on large networks.


Background:  Mid‐dermal elastolysis is a rare idiopathic elastic tissue disorder that is characterized by localized patches of finely wrinkled skin and a 'band‐like' loss of elastic tissue in the mid‐reticular dermis. Lesions may be preceded by erythema and/or urticaria, and histological examination of inflamed lesional skin may demonstrate lymphohistiocytic dermal infiltration.


In this paper,the compressive deformation behavior,samples surfaces and fracture microstructure characteristics have been reviewed at different temperatures and strain rates for bulk metallic glasses( BMGs). BMGs behave like inhomogeneous brittle fracture,non-Newtonian fluid and Newtonian fluid mode respectively at reduced compressing temperature t r= T / T g ranging of 77 K / T g≤t r t rc1,t rc1≤t r t rc2and t rc2≤t r T x/ T g. When strain rate was about 10- 4s- 1,normally t rc1= 0. 839-0. 920 and t r c2= 1. 011. With the strain rate decreasing,the critical reduced compressive temperatures t rc1( changing from inhomogeneous brittle fracture mode to non-Newtonian fluid one) and t rc2( from non-Newtonian fluid one to Newtonian fluid one) were decreased. At low t r,plasticity of BMGs increased with the number of shear bands,which were obvious on the samples surfaces,but at high t r they were even unobserved because of homogeneous deformation and heat. With t r increasing,fracture microstructure characteristics changed from complex and inhomogeneous vein-like pattern to homogeneous one,then to droplets,or lava-flow pattern. In addition,Ni60Pd20P17B3BMG and Ti40Zr25Ni3Cu12Be20BMG behaved like non-Newtonian fluid mode during compressing at t r= 0. 127-0. 503. Finally,this paper also discussed the phenomenon of nanocrystallization during the compression deformation.


The invention discloses a carport monitoring device array, a car-mounted device, a car management method and a system. According to the car management method, each carport monitoring device in the carport monitoring device array receives control information sent by a backstage management center, and each carport monitoring device in the carport monitoring device array externally sends radio frequency signals in a time dividing mode according to the received control information. The carport monitoring device array comprises at least two carport monitoring devices arranged in correspondence to the carports. Each carport monitoring device comprises a first communication module for receiving control information sent by the backstage management center, and a second communication module for externally sending radio frequency signals in a time dividing mode according to the received control information of the first communication module. Through the above technical scheme, the problem that the same car-mounted device usually receives multiple same-frequency radio frequency signals at the same time in the prior art, and thus, subsequent car management based on the radio frequency signals is not accurate can be solved.


Focusing on state and peace building in Kosovo, this research brings a new, more local perspective to the established literature. State and peace building is analyzed by using the methodology of life stories, looking at the biographies of individuals whose life experiences reveal new aspects about the processes of state and peace building.


Periodic broadcast has been considered for the deployment of video on demand services due to its scalability. However, most of the protocols proposed so far do not take into consideration the existing bandwidth limitation at the client. In this paper, a technique for designing protocols for limited- bandwidth clients is presented. Moreover, a novel protocol based on the greedy equal-bandwidth broadcasting protocol for users with bandwidth constrains is introduced.


PurposeThis study aims to investigate the role of board gender diversity (BGD) in dividend payout decisions of politically embedded firms (PEFs) including government-linked firms (GLFs) and non-GLFs in comparison to non-PEFs from the perspective of an emerging market, China.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses the fixed-effect regression to examine the relationship between BGD and dividend payout decisions of PEFs including GLFs and non-GLFs in comparison to non-PEFs for a sample of Chinese publicly listed firms over the period 2010–2018.FindingsThe paper presents robust evidence that BGD is associated with higher dividend payments in PEFs than non-PEFs. Similarly, female directors on GLFs' boards are more likely to pay higher dividends than non-GLFs. Moreover, findings also reveal that the female directors' impact on dividend payout decisions is more pronounced in high corporate social responsibility (CSR) PEFs compared to low CSR peers, regardless of the nature of political ties.Research limitationsThe major limitation of this research that it is restricted to Chinese firms that operate under distinctive economic, social, and political environments. However, the study findings are generalizable to other emerging economies which have similar institutional settings and corporate environments with high government intervention like China.Practical implicationsThe findings will enable policymakers to design policies targeted at the inclusion of female directors on PEFs' boards to reduce information asymmetry and agency conflicts. However, considering the heterogeneity of female directors' role in dividend payout decisions of GLFs and non-GLFs, the policymakers should be cautious while establishing the female quota in these firms.Originality/valueThe role of BGD in dividend policy decisions of politically connected firms remained unexplored. This study is the first to unveil the role of female directors in dividend payout decisions of PEFs and non- PEFs. In addition, this research further contributes to the literature by exploring the BGD-dividend policy link in PEFs with high- and low-CSR engagements.


The aim of the study was to compare the nutrient composition of adult and juvenile foliages of Celtis australis, collected from different altitudes. Adult foliages were collected from four different altitudes for nutritional analysis and compared with the nutritive value of juvenile foliage (seedlings of different provenances raised under the similar climatic conditions in the experimental garden for one year and the foliage has been referred herein as juvenile). The data revealed that nutritive value of Celtis foliage was strongly influenced by altitudinal gradient. The dry matter content in adult and juvenile foliage exhibited significant inverse correlation (P < 0.05) with altitude whereas, phosphorus, potassium and calcium contents showed strong positive correlation (P < 0.01) with elevational range of foliage. Crude protein in adult foliage also showed strong positive correlation with altitude (P < 0.01). A significantly higher (P < 0.01) dry matter, ash, crude protein and starch was recorded in adult compared to juvenile foliage of C. australis. On average, high altitudinal populations exhibited comparatively higher nutritive values than those from low altitude. High altitudinal trees, therefore, should be selected for multiplication of Celtis for quality fodder production. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(2):108-112]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).


The perspective pedagogical methods and approaches of teaching infection diseases are considered. The main emphasises are made on intensification of individual work, activation of motive moments, application of the principle "necessary of personal participation", wide use of "visual teaching methods" for the overcoming the language barrier.


This paper aims to explain and discuss advanced technology used by anti-virus. In this era of the digital world, technology is developing rapidly day by day. Along with technology, Along with the development, cyber risk also increasing; thousands of cyber attacks are taking place every day. Malware (Viruses, worms, Trojans, rootkits, ransomware, Adware, Spyware) is one of the most common cyber-attack. An operating system that has been infected with malware (malicious software) can experience damage. As the name implies, malicious software is a computer program that can infect applications or documents stored in storage media and systems and manipulate applications and data on a computer. In 2020 there are 700 million new malware emerged and attacked billions of electronic devices. To prevent malware attacks, we need anti-virus/Antimalware Software. In this paper, we discussed various methods of how anti-virus work? What are the advanced techniques used by anti-virus software in this digital era? Comparison between various antivirus and their methods of detecting malware


Protein supplementation increases utilization (intake and digestion) of low-quality forage and ultimately animal performance. Despite its effectiveness, protein supplementation is often expensive. One strategy to reduce the cost of supplementation is to supplement less frequently than daily, generally every other day or every third day. By reducing the frequency of supplementation, the cost of delivering the supplement is reduced. Reducing the frequency of supplementation is an effective strategy for reducing cost, and it only minimally impacts animal performance, with less frequent supplementation resulting in slightly greater losses of body condition score and body weight during the winter supplementation period.


The purpose of this study is to examine internal and external factors affecting the Egyptian-Soviet alliance during the period under investigation. Chapter I provides background information on Egyptian-Soviet relations, and in Chapter II important developments in those relations are outlined. Chapter III examines the October War of 1973 and Soviet policy during the war. Chapter IV traces efforts to reach a settlement in the Middle East, highlighting the role of the United States in the negotiations. Finally, Chapter V demonstrates that Egypt, like other small nations, has not surrendered its interests to the aims of either of the superpowers.


This is another welcome addition to the expanding number of neuro-oncology textbooks that have exploded onto the market in the past few years. It has been edited by two alumni of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and 24 of the 50 authors received their neuro-oncological training at Sloan Kettering, so they are well placed to address the problems of neurological complications of systemic cancer.

This book is a reference text and is aimed at providing clinicians from …


In order to find the relationship between subclinical ketosis and mastitis and check the influence of the ketone body on antioxidant.The experimental animals were 156 Holstein cows(SCC200 000/mL)which deliveryed within 7 weeks.There were 69 subclinical ketosis cowsd.0 mmol/L≤serum BHBA2.6 mmol/L) in the test group.The control group was corresponding to the test group according to age,parity,milk yield and days in milk (serum BHBA1.0 mmol/L).The incidence of mastitis and the variety of mastitis pathogen were recorded.Twelve cows from each group were tested for ketone bodies and antioxidant.The result indicated that the incidence of mastitis in the test group was 43.48%,while the control group was 31.88%.But the difference was not significant.Mastitis of test group mainly occurred during the third to sixth week after parturition,while the control group mainly occurred during fifth to eighth week after parturition.Occurrence of mastitis delayed one to three weeks later compared with subclinical ketosis,and 73.33%occurred three weeks after parturition.There was no different in the construction of the mastitis pathogen(P0.05).The level of T-AOC in the serum of test group was significantly lower than the control group(P0.05).But the levels of GSH-PX.MDA and NO in the serum of test group was significantly higher than the control group(P0.05).The correlation of ACAC and GSH-PX was significant positive(P0.05). There was also a significant positive correlation between ACAC and NO level(P0.05).The correlation of T-AOC and MDA showed significant negative(P0.05).The result shows that subclinical ketosis can cause mastitis but not a major factor.Blood ketone bodies may influence the antioxidant and lead to oxidative stress in dairy cows.There were resistance and self-regulation capability of the GSH-PX playing an antioxidant function.


Tubes in a marine boiler on a new ship failed after brief service lives. Circumferential brittle cracking was found to occur in the carbon-molybdenum steel tubes near the points where the tubes were attached to the steam drum. Fatigue striations were revealed by examination of fracture surfaces by electron microscopy at high magnification. Fatigue failures were concluded to be caused by vibrations resulting from normal steam flow at high steam demand. Too rigid support near the steam drum resulted in concentration of vibratory strain in the regions of failure. The method of supporting the tubes was changed to reduce the amount of restraint and the strain concentration.


Objective To observe the change of cell apoptosis in retina of diabetic rats.Methods 40 wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups,including experiment group and control group.The rats in experimentgroup were induced to diabetes with streptocotocin.The apoptosis cells in retina were detected with ELISA,and the content of Na+、K+ in retina were measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometry after 4,6,12 and 16 weeks.The relation of the apoptosis quantity with levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),hemoglobin glycosylation(HbA1c),the content of Na+ and K+ in retinal tissue,and the course of disease were also analyzed.Results With the development of diabete,the extent of cell apoptosis in retina was serious.K+ in retinal tissue decreased whereas Na+ increased.The changes of cell apoptosis were related to the changes of FBG,HbA1c,the content of Na+ and K+ in retinal tissue,and the course of disease.Conclusion There are cell apoptosis and abnormal of ion content in the retina of rats with diabetic mellitus.The changes may be the pathologic basis of diabetic retinopathy.


The effect of annealing SrLaΑIO 4 (SLA) and SrLaGaO 4 (SLG) crystals in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres in the temperature range of 950°C-1300 ° C was investigated. Three kinds of anisotropic defects D1, D2, and Ε at the temperature range of 4-300 K were found. By diagonalization of orthorhombic spin-Hamiltonian parameters: 'D| = 0.0541(10) cm -1 , |Ε| 0.0108(10) cm -1 , g|| = 0.883(5), and g± = 1.922(5) for D1 defects for SLG and SLA were calculated and they had the same values within the margin of error. PACS numbers: 76.30.-v, 61.72.Hh, 61.72.Ji


The disruptive situation and negative effect of enclosing lakes and ponds to reclaim,cut-off on upper stream,excessive use,agrochemical pollution,small mine scale and backward technique were analyzed,which bring about irreversible result to wetland eco-environment that human live on.Correspond suggestions were put forward.


We have investigated the LED lens eccentricity effect on light intensity distribution. For the purpose, we introduced an equation of focal length for paraboloid, and then made a comparative analysis of the theoretical result and 3-D simulation result.


Purpose: To study the therapeutic efficacy of intracameral amphotericin B (ICAMB) injection in the treatment of fungal keratitis. Methods: Fourteen patients with fungal keratitis received ICAMB, 10 μg/0.1 mL (group A), and 17 patients received conventional treatment only (group B). Visual acuity, time to hypopyon disappearance, time to epithelial defect closure, time to final improvement, and final outcome were analyzed and compared between the 2 groups. The concentration of amphotericin B in the aqueous humor after injection was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The mean final visual acuity (log MAR) was 1.6 ± 1.1 in group A and 1.3 ± 1.4 in group B (P = 0.24). The mean time to disappearance of hypopyon, epithelial defect closure, and final improvement was 9.4 ± 9.4, 19.8 ± 10.4, and 26.6 ± 9.2 days in group A and 26.7 ± 21.3 (P = 0.03), 32.6 ± 22.8 (P = 0.08), and 52.8 ± 38.2 days (P = 0.04) in group B, respectively. At the last follow-up, treatment success was achieved in 92.9% of group A and 82.4% of group B (P = 0.38). The mean concentration of intracameral amphotericin B was 601.6 ± 51.3 ng/mL at 6 hours, 98.8 ± 43.1 ng/mL at 1 day, 57.0 ± 11.6 ng/mL at 3 days, and 52.3 ± 8.3 ng/mL at 7 days after injection. Conclusions: ICAMB seems to be effective in reducing time to disappearance of hypopyon and final improvement in the treatment of fungal keratitis.


Mr. Perry, who is reader in comparative religion in the University of Manchester, is a representative of the historical school founded by Professor Elliot Smith and the late Dr. Rivers; and his book presents the tenets of that school with greater clearness than could reasonably be expected of the briefer expositions preceding his present one. Under the caption of "the archaic civilization" he describes a complex embracing, among other features, irrigation, pottery, metallurgy, the sun-cult, mother-right, exogamy, the dual organization. The combination existed in Egypt at the beginning of the Sixth Dynasty and began to be diffused over the region stretching from Sumer through India, Indonesia, and Polynesia to Central America and the Eastern United States, the impulse firing the voyagers being the quest of pearls and other precious materials that were supposed to preserve life (p. 459 f.). In Egypt alone there was progressive cultural evolution, everywhere else the process of degeneration set in, in varying degree (p. 472). The extent to which the author is willing to carry this conception is illustrated by his contention that probably


Introduction: Gall bladder carcinoma is not a common disease. The overall prevalence is low worldwide. females compared to males and its incidence increases with increasing age. Aggressive surgical management and preoperative adjuvant therapy have helped to prolong survival in patients with gallbladder cancer. We conducted a study with an aim to evaluate the clinicopathological aspect of the disease in patients of gall bladder cancer managed in our surgical department. Methods: Data were recorded retrospectively by reviewing the charts of the patients who were diagnosed and treated for carcinoma gall bladder in Patan hospital from Aug 2017 to Aug 2019. Results: males. Age ranged from 36 to 83 years with the median age of presentation at 63.5 yrs. Curative treatment metastasis within six months of radical excision. Conclusions: The majority of the patients present with an advanced disease which makes it less chance for curative surgical resection. Since only palliative care is possible in an advanced stage, early detection and curative treatment are advisable.


The aim of the research was to analyze the fermentability of sugarcane bagasse prehydrolysates using Mucor indicus . The prehydrolysates were obtained by acid prehydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and were detoxified before fermentation. A mold strain was also adapted to the inhibitors contained in the prehydrolysates. The production of ethanol and sugar consumption were investigated under aerobic and oxygen limited conditions. For the original strain, the consumption of sugars was incomplete and ethanol was produced at a yield of 0.39± (0,02) g g -1 . The increased tolerance of M. indicus to the inhibitors resulted in a complete fermentation with total glucose consumption. Most of the xylose was consumed in all experiments, with the highest consumption in aerobic fermentations. Ethanol was the main product of fermentation and its yield was 0.41 ± (0,02) g g -1 at oxygen limited conditions and 0.37 ± (0,02) g g-1 at aerobic conditions. The use of other carbohydrates besides the monosaccharides was also investigated. Another advantage of M. indicus detected during the investigation was its ability to ferment pentoses, hexoses and oligosaccharides.


A small local water treatment plant for high quality urea solution AUS 32 defined by DIN 700070 is created. The technological parameters of this plant are researched during the ultra pure water production used as a solvent for urea solution AUS 32. A very salty under-ground water was treated to get a deionized ultra pure water with specific electric conduc-tivity χ ≤ 1 μS/cm. It was used as a solvent during the automotive grade urea solution (AUS 32) production. The product obtained was according to quality requirements of DIN 70007. The role and use of deionized ultra pure water addressed to quality assurance guidance document (QAGD) is discussed.


Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii; family Asteraceae) is one of the most popular commercial flower crop and ranks 4 th among cut flower demands (Sujatha et al., 2002). In India, 0.190 million hectares of area is under flower cultivation with a production of 1.031 million loose of flowers and 690.27 million of cut flowers in the year 2010-2011. Maharashtra is one of the pioneer states known for its protected flower cultivation and the area under protected gerbera cultivation is mostly confined in Pune, Satara, Kolhapur, Nashik etc. that has nearly 600 hectares of land out of which more than 100 hectares area is being adopted for gerbera cultivation with 1476 lakh flowers per year with a productivity of 250 flowers/m 2 (Anonymous, 2010). The success of gerbera cultivation under polyhouse depends largely on nutrient management apart from other factors. Plant nutrition is a difficult subject to understand completely, partially because of the variation International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 6 (2017) pp. 1399-1407 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


In this paper, we consider an unconstrained optimization problem with fuzzy valued functions. Using generalized Hukuhara differentiability of fuzzy functions in Newton's method, we obtain an optimal solution of fuzzy unconstrained optimization problem without transforming to crisp equivalent form. Numerical examples are provided to show the efficiency of the proposed method.


Motivation has become a source of increased output in recent times in the workplace. The main aim of this study is to examine motivational factors  affecting the employees' productivity in Delta State Ministry of Health, Asaba-Nigeria. This study employed a cross-sectional data with a sample of 234  respondents from ministry of health Asaba, concerning their high level of productivity which was achieved through motivation from Government in terms  of better salary and regular promotions. The result from the ChiSquare analysis indicates that motivation through increased special salary  payment and regular promotions from the state government, do enhance productivity. It was therefore recommended that state Government must  continue in that fashion so that such high level of success would maintained.


RESPONSE: We agree to your comment. We have focussed on the enhancement of SRM+G (mainly inclusion of glacier melt and splitting of the UIB into sub-catchments) in comparison to the other operational forecast models used in Pakistan and not so much on the scenario approach that we have applied. In fact, this approach is quite similar to the NWS Extended Streamflow Prediction / Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) approach. However it is rather aimed at arriving at a point forecast than to explicitly generate a probabilistic forecast. We will include a discussion on this topic in a revised version.


. We give a criterion for an arbitrary ring generated by monomials to be Cohen-Macaulay in terms of certain numerical and topological properties of the additive semigroup generated by the exponents of the monomials. As a consequence, the Cohen-Macaulayness of such a ring is dependent upon the characteristic of the ground field.


In this work we compare the phenomenology of Husserl with Leonardo Polo's philosophy of the mental limit. Said comparison is orientated to highlight the importance of the habits in anthropology.


Introduction. In this note we announce some results on the character theory of the finite unitary groups. The main result is the decomposition of the restriction of a certain class function / t o a maximal parabolic subgroup as a tensor product. This result is analogous with those of [4] for the general linear group GL(«, q), with the difference that the components of the tensor product are more complicated here. In fact, one has a Levi decomposition P=MH of the maximal parabolic subgroup P, where M is a unitary group of lower dimension, and H is isomorphic to the "unitary Heisenberg group" (see below); one therefore (see [3], [6], [7]) obtains "Weil representations" of P, and these are instrumental in the decomposition of J. Applications include an inductive proof that the restriction of / to the unipotent subgroup of the unitary group is a proper character, and that «7 has a nontrivial projection to the space of cusp forms on the unitary group in odd dimensions. In some forthcoming work of Lusztig, the main theorem is used to show that / is in fact a proper irreducible discrete series character of the unitary group, verifying a long-standing conjecture of Ennola [l].


At one of the meetings of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, I made a very short communication on the three blood-sucking midges (Jobling, 1929). My particular reference was to Culicoides vexans, which is the most troublesome and commonestspecies in spring, in the northern and the north-western suburbs of London. At that time I had been studying the life history of this midge, including the morphology of its eggs, larvae and the pupa, but this work was not completed.


Housing transformation is a commonly practiced phenomenon, especially in government-provided housing all over the world. In Bangladesh as well, the government-provided rehabilitation housing, like Ashrayan projects, experiences transformation of physical elements according to the dwellers' needs. This physical transformation of housing indicates an existing gap between the housing provision process and users' needs. These transformations also reflect many unidentified indicators like traditional dwelling patterns, building materials, flexibility, livelihood options, and accommodation of the dwellers' next generation, etc. that could be helpful to meet the noble vision of Ashrayan projects. A critical understanding of the housing transformation process will help to formulate a more user-centric rehabilitation approach. The aim of this study is to investigate the process of housing transformation and identify decisive indicators causing the transformation in the development and construction phases of government-provided rehabilitation projects. The rehabilitation project of Bhandarpara Ashrayan, in Khulna, a southern district of Bangladesh, was chosen as the case of this study. The project accommodates 260 households in 26 barracks. Among the population, 33 households were chosen as samples for morphological analysis using qualitative techniques. The finding implies that users gradually altered the government-provided housing units. Direct labor, locally available materials, and a self-help approach without the need for building designs or authorizations were well-used indicators in the housing transformation process.


A new multilevel blocks-matching algorithm for image compression and decompression scheme is presented which is based on fractal set and quickly iteration function system(IFS). The searching range is restricted by the higher-level blocks, and thus multilevel blocks-matching can reduce the searching complexity. The computational results showed that the approach is of high performance in improving image compression based on retaining image quality.


In 1989 Holmgren et al. (Holmgren et al. 1989 Lab Anim Sci 39:226–228) described a new mutant rat that developed a progressive motor disturbance during its lifespan. The syndrome is characterized by a tremor in the hind limbs followed by ataxia, episodes of tonic immobility, epilepsy, and paralysis. The acronym of these symptoms (taiep) became the name of this autosomic, recessive mutant rat. The taiep rats are neurological mutant animals with a hypomyelination, followed by a progressive demyelination process. At 7–8 months of age, taiep rats develop immobility episodes (IEs) characterized by a cortical desynchronization, associated with the theta rhythm in the hippocampus and changes of the nucal electromyogram (EMG), whose pattern is like rapid‐eye‐movement (REM) sleep. These rats also show an altered sleep pattern with an equal REM sleep distribution. This study analyzed therole of α2 adrenoceptors in the expression of gripping‐induced IEs in 8‐month‐old male taiep rats. The α2 adrenoceptor agonists clonidine and xylacine increased the frequency of gripping‐induced IEs whereas the α2 antagonists yohimbine and idazoxandecreased or prevented such episodes. These findings correlate with the pharmacological observations in narcoleptic dogs and humans in which α2 adrenergic mechanisms are involved in the modulation of cataplexy. Unexpectedly, the repetitive administration of clonidine resulted in jumping behavior, indicative of phasic activation of extensor musculature. Taken together, our results show that α2 adrenoceptors are involved in the modulation in gripping‐induced IEs and after the administration of several doses of clonidine produced phasic motor activation. Synapse 60:362–370, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Previously chemical constituents of E.carinata, E. confusa, E. convallarioides, E. flava, E. spicataand E. stricta have been investigated and nine phen-anthrenes, one bibenzyl, two phenethylamines, four sterols,3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propenal and one un-characterized fatty alcohol were isolated.


To solve the problems such as low automation technology and high price of monitoring system in aquiculture of our country,a kind of environmental factors intelligent monitoring system based on WSN was designed.By placing network nodes in monitoring area,the collection part based on single chip microcomputer digitalized the signal from the sensor of temperature,dissolved oxygen and pH,and sent it out using wireless digital transmission technology.At the reception part,the data is received,saved and displayed by central monitoring computer.Thus environmental factors of the aquiculture was monitored in real time.The system was applied in practical aquiculture field.Experimental result indicates that the system is quite reliable and suitable,provides a practicable measures,and is high in theratio of performance to price.It can achieve to monitoring perfectly and improve productivity remarkably.


Abstract:This article examines the bestselling 1898 novel The Yellow Danger, a so-called Chinese invasion fantasy that inspired Sax Rohmer's infamous Fu Manchu series. Where analysis of The Yellow Danger has tended to underplay its religious dimension, I argue that its depiction of the Yellow Peril constitutes a prototype of what I call "sanctified Sinophobia," religiously motivated hostility toward China that now fuels contemporary Christian nationalism. Both as a characterological emblem of racial personality and as an eschatological force of nature, the Yellow Terror represents an ineffable Satanic malevolence, defying European Christians' existing categories of evil. Tracing these two variants of sanctified Sinophobia in Shiel's novel, I then examine how the text's logics of ethnoreligious purity continue to structure the prayers, benedictions, and oracles of so-called China Virus discourse.


This paper demonstrates question classification for Bengali language questions which is the first step towards developing a closed domain based Bengali factoid question answering system. Question classification is an influential step towards a question answering system on which the performance of the whole system depends. We have used machine learning algorithms Stochastic Gradient Descent(SGD), Decision Tree(DT), Support Vector Machine(SVM) and Naive Bayes(NB) for the question classification process where Support Vector Machine(SVM) with linear kernel performs the best providing the accuracy 90.6% over five coarse-grained categories.


The effects of 3 antibiotics, puromycin, blasticidin S and cycloheximide, known to be preferential inhibitors of mammalian protein synthesis, on in vitro and in vivo protein-synthesizing systems from a strain of Candida albicans were investigated.Puromycin, without affecting growth or in vivo protein synthesis, markedly inhibited amino acid incorporation into peptides by a cell-free system from C. albicans; this has been reported with bacterial and mammalian systems. The antibiotic caused accelerated breakdown of polysomes and abortive release of peptides from the ribosome. Blasticidin S was a highly potent, irreversible inhibitor of fungal protein synthesis in vitro and in vivo, It blocked normal completion and release of peptides as well as puromycin-induced breakdown of polysomes and abortive release of peptides. Inhibition by cycloheximide, was attained to a less extent and was almost completely reversed after washing free of the drug. It interfered with normal and puromycin-accelerated breakdown of p...


This study introduces a novel detection algorithm to recognize the lane markers on the highway at night.The proposed algorithm utilizes adapted median filtering and edged detection of the four direction template logarithmic Prewitt based on the difference of luminous density.It gives the threshold of binaryzation.Determine the ROI and sides lane line,so greatly reduce the amount of computation.We use lane marking width and temporal trajectory strategy to remove false lanes caused by lighting change,and vehicle occlusions.Finally we get complete clear lane line.The proposed method is proved to be fast,stability and accuracy.


Aiming at the situation that the K-means clustering algorithm tends to fall into the local optimal solution during the clustering process, and the clustering results are prone to errors, this paper proposes a clustering algorithm based on gray wolf optimization-means, Realize the initial selection of K-means cluster centers through the global optimization ability of the gray wolf optimization algorithm. And update the cluster centers through iterative wolf $\alpha$ to optimize the K-means clustering algorithm. Aiming at BP neural network as a supervised learning algorithm, prior knowledge of data is required for training, due to the different data types generated by different events, the applicability of BP neural network is not strong, the paper proposes a combination of K-means clustering algorithm based on gray wolf algorithm optimization and BP neural network. Cluster the initial data set through K-means clustering, and label the clustered data, then import the labeled data as a training set into the BP neural network for training, and obtain the final detection model to realize online detection of large amounts of data. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper on the IBLK dataset and the Taihu Lake water quality dataset is compared with the traditional K-means clustering algorithm and the random forest algorithm based on firefly optimization proposed in [12] in the IBLK dataset and Taihu Lake. Experimental verification on the water quality data set, the detection rate was increased by 8.9%, 17.7% and 1.15%, 12.6%; the false alarm rate was reduced by 8.1 %, 19.3% and 1.12%, 13.6% respectively.


A hearing aid designed to be affixed to a pair of eyeglasses used by the wearer or suspended from an ear mold that is lodged in the ear of the wearer is disclosed. The hearing aid is cosmetically disguised and may be worn by either males or females. The hearing aid comprises a hemispherically shaped ornamental outer shell that covers all of the components and circuitry of a conventional hearing aid. The hearing aid components are housed inside a casing. Preferably, the hearing aid uses a rotatable clasp to mount to the wearer's eyeglass frames or earlobe. In an alternative embodiment, the hearing aid does not mount to the wearer's eyeglasses. In a first preferred embodiment, a clasp secures the hearing aid to the wearer's eyeglasses. In a second preferred embodiment, a clip mounts the hearing aid to the wearer's eyeglass frames. In a third preferred embodiment, a cable tie mounts the hearing aid to the eyeglass frames through width adjustment slots in a projecting tab. A volume control knob, tone controls, battery access door and a rotatable clasp or deflectable clip protrude from the rear surface of the casing. The outer shell gives the hearing aid the appearance of an earring or an eyeglass tether mount. The outer shell of my hearing aid may be quickly exchanged with any of several other ornamental shells to give the earring or eyeglass tether mount the desired coloration and shape.


paper reports a comparison in terms of training time between an array of single-output neural networks (NNA) and a typical multiple-output neural network. Both implementations employ an architecture of multiple-layer back-propagation perceptron (MLP), and then are tested with a simple pattern association of twenty-six alphabetical five-by-seven dot-matrix patterns. The results show that the NNA is able to recognise all trained patterns at the same degree of accuracy (visual inspection) as the multiple-output networks, although its training time is much shorter. In fact, it is discovered that the NNA's training time is linearly proportional to the size of the training patterns, as opposed to an exponential incremental training time experienced in the typical multiple-output networks.


cloning of animals has opened a vigorous debate among ethicists and legal scholars. We can expect that the debate in the halakhic community will be no less energetic. It is likely that opposing ends of the opinion spectrum have already been defined. In his careful analysis of the issue, Michael Broyde concludes that, at worst, cloning a person would be halakhically neutral and that, under certain circumstances, it may be even be a mizvah.1 On the other hand, Dr. Abraham S. Abraham maintains that cloning is absolutely prohibited, as it falls outside darkhei ha-teva.2 It is unlikely that there will be a reconciliation of these opposing views. One relies on cold halakhic analysis while the other sees such analysis as not decisive given the broader implications of cloning for what is perceived as God's will. As with other reproductive technologies, the acceptance of human cloning will depend on which view emerges, over time, as dominant among posekim. The need to bring this issue to closure is not pressing, as somatic cell cloning is a technology still in its infancy. While theoretical applications in humans have been the subject of great speculation, the groundwork has not yet been laid for the clinical application of cloning technology in humans. Given the fast pace at which reproductive science has advanced, however, it is reasonable to expect that the scientific and medical obstacles eventually will be overcome. When this occurs, the obvious first application would be in the treatment of reproductive failure.


For the timely recovery of residual plastic film left after potato harvest, a residue mulching film recovery device was invented which is capable of performing the harvest and plastic film recovery at the same time. This article examines the structure, working prin-ciple and technical parameters of the device as well as the overall design of the conveying part in a bid to provide reference for solving residual agricultural film pollution.


A tunable and amplitude-modulated Gunn oscillator is obtained by semiconductor surface loading. The load is partial and covers the cathode. The oscillation frequency depends on the distance X between the anode and the edge of the surface-loading semiconductor and can be varied continuously over a range of about 6:1. As X approaches zero, an amplitude-modulated pulse is obtained. These effects may be explained by the coexistence of two high-field regions in the structure. The method also gives a measure of the domain-growth time.


Abstract Based on a long and close association with the land and its resources, Māori have developed a detailed knowledge of local natural hazards. This includes oral histories and traditions that record past catastrophic hazard events, place names that designate areas that are high hazard risk, and environmental indicators that inform about the safety and viability of activities linked to changes in the environment. Māori Environmental Knowledge is a valuable and neglected area of information on natural hazards and provides a unique source of expertise that can contribute to contemporary natural hazards management and mitigation in New Zealand.


Some problems of plane elasticity lead to the solution of biharmonic problem (1.1), (1.2). (See, in more details, in Chap. 2, p. 103.) Many methods have been deve-lopped to the solution of this problem (the method of finite differences, the finite element method, classical variational methods, methods based on the theory of func tions of a complex variable, etc.). In this paper, the method of least squares on the boundary is investigated, having its specific preferences. In the first part (Chap. 1 — 5, p. 101 — 114), the algorithm of this method and a numerical example are given. This part is determined first to "consumers" of mathematics and is written in more details. In Chap. 6, the proof of convergence of the method is given. This part is determined first to mathematicians. Applied to the solution of the biharmonic problem, the method takes an essential use of the form of equation 0.1). As to its idea itself, it can be applied — in proper modifications — also to the solution of other problems.


We studied the seasonal occurrence of forest-floor spiders by collecting samples with 100 pitfal l traps operated throughout the growing season of 1985 in a mature coniferous stand in southern Finland . Samples were collected at five-day intervals in May-August and at longer intervals in September-November . Th e entire sample from the 26 trapping periods consisted of 6753 adult spiders of 100 species. The overall abundance and species richness was highest in the early season, May and June . Seasonal spider catch was not correlate d with fluctuations in temperature, but was negatively correlated with rainfall . Nine of the ten abundant specie s (>2%of the sample each) belonged to the family Linyphiidae (sensu lato) and one to the family Agelenidae . Macrargus rufus (Wider) was the most abundant species comprising approximately '/3 of the sample followe d by Lepthyphantes alacris(Blackwall) (17% of the sample) . The activity peaks of the ten abundant species wer e usually short, only a few weeks, and occurred in the early and mid-season, May-July . Only L. alacris wa s collected every trapping period . Although numbers of males clearly exceeded that of females in most species , the seasonal occurrence of the sexes coincided . Our results differ somewhat from earlier observations abou t spider phenology in Finland . It is possible that this discrepancy depends to a great extent on different samplin g methods used .


Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) remains a controversial area of study without consensus opinion on clinical importance. PVT has been described both as a precipitant of FIGURE 1A. A, Abdominal computed tomography revealing bladder rupture. Upper left (transverse image): fluid and air leaks are observable around the bladder and were contained in the peritoneal space.Lower left (transverse image): the distended bladder containing fluid and air. Right (coronal image): the bladder content extended to the capsuled peritoneal space above the bladder. B, Pathological findings showing mucosal ulceration with massive degradation (left) and degeneration of smooth muscle cells (right).


PURPOSE:To reduce transmission loss with coupling efficiency increased by providing no magnetic materials between the counter faces of coil patterns of first and second conductor layers. CONSTITUTION:A first magnetic material layer 1a is formed by coating the surface of a substrate 4 with a magnetic material paste. The first magnetic material layer 1a is overlaid with a second conductor layer 2a with coil patterns. The first magnetic material layer 1a is overlaid with an insulating layer 3 made of an insulating material, which is inlaid with the first conductor layer 2a. The insulating layer 3 is overlaid with a second conductor layer 2b with coil patterns. Further, the insulating layer 3 is coated with a magnetic material paste to make the second conductor layer 2b to inlay. This process enables precise formation of coil patterns by printing wiring technique or the like and reduction of transmission loss with coupling efficiency increased.


The class Echinoidea assumed prominence in the field ofcomparative biochemistry when it was shown by Needham, Needham, Baldwin & Yudkin (1932) that the jaw muscles of Strongylocentrotus lividus contained both phosphocreatine and phosphoarginine. Further work by Baldwin & Needham (1937) showed that extracts of the jaw muscles of two other echinoids, Paracentrotus lividu,s and Sphaerechinus granularis, were capable of phosphorylating both creatine and arginine. This result suggested that the muscles ofboth ofthese organisms contained phosphocreatine and phosphoarginine, although neither phosphagen was identified. Earlier Meyerhof (1930) had advanced the hypothesis that phosphoarginine was the characteristic phosphagen in the muscles of invertebrates and phosphocreatine was characteristic of the vertebrates. The occurrence of both phosphagens in the echinoids studied provided biochemical support (Needham et al. 1932) for the evolutionary theory of Bateson (1886), namely that the echinoderms were the immediate precursors ofthe primitive chordates. Later work has shown that the premises on which Meyerhof's hypothesis was based are not correct. It has been shown that phosphocreatine is not confined to the vertebrates and those animals intermediate between vertebrates and invertebrates, but that it is also present in sponges (Roche & Robin, 1954) and annelids (Hobson & Rees, 1955). Moreover, other phosphorylated guanidines, e.g. phosphotaurocyamine, phosphoglycocyamine and phospholombricine, also occur in invertebrate muscle (Thoai, Roche, Robin & Thiem, 1953 a; Thoai & Robin, 1954). The earlier work on echinoids was concerned mainly with the study of the distribution of free guanidines. Arnold & Luck (1933) showed that arginine was present in the jaw muscles of Strongylocentrotusfranciscanus, and Holtz & Thielmann ( 1924) found arginine in Arbacia pustulosa. The first positive identification of creatine in echinoids was made by Greenwald (1946), who isolated potassium creatinine picrate from the testes of Strongylocentrotus sp. Before this, creatine had been identi-


This study aims to investigate what speaking anxiety freshman EFL learners encountered in their classes and what strategies they used to reduce their anxiety. A mixed methods approach was employed to collect the data, including a questionnaire following the quantitative method and individual semi-structured interviews following the qualitative method. The participants were 185 freshman EFL learners at several universities in the Mekong Delta. The combination of the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale developed by Horwitz, Horwitz & Cope (1986) and the theories about three kinds of anxiety proposed by Ellis (1994) was adapted to measure freshman EFL learners' kinds of speaking anxiety in classes. Additionally, the five categories of coping strategies in Kondo and Ling (2004) were adapted to measure the participants' coping strategies for reducing their speaking anxiety. The results of the study showed that the participants encountered all three kinds of speaking anxiety including trait anxiety, specific-situation anxiety, and state anxiety in classes. Furthermore, the study also indicated five kinds of strategies utilized by the participants to reduce their anxiety in speaking class namely preparation strategies, relaxation strategies, positive thinking strategies, peer-seeking strategies, and resignation strategies. From the results, it was also indicated that preparation strategies were used more frequently than the other strategies by the participants in speaking classes.  Article visualizations:


The progress of novel conductive adhesion which used to take the place of conventional SMT solder in VLSI chip package has been introduced in this paper mainly focused on the stability of contact resistance of the material.Some research on the operational mechanism of the stability has been made.Moreover,the influence of technology aspect during package has been discussed too.According to the experimental results,authors concluded the reason that there is variation of contact resistance during aging can be con- tributed to the process of electrochemical etching,not the metal oxidation.


A new class of catalytic ionogels based on the entrapment of an ionic liquid phase within a sodium alginate matrix was applied to the Pd-catalyzed allylic substitution reaction. High activity and promising recyclability were obtained in C–N bond formation. Scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and solid-state NMR studies provided a better insight into the catalytic behavior, and the stability of the catalytic ionogels was studied through a recycling process.


The result of National Examination (UN) 2018 shows that the average grade of mathematics for senior high school is the lowest among other subjects tested in UN 2018. Most students assumed that mathematic text was very difficult in UN 2018. Besides, students, parents, and Indonesian Teachers Association considered that mathematic National Examination for Senior High School not suitable with the blueprint issued by BSNP. This study aims to see the comparison between blueprint and the questions, the proportion correct and the comparison between indicator or the competency tested in Mathematics National Examination in 2017 and in 2018. This study uses quantitative data from National Examination result from 2017 to 2018. Analysis result in descriptive shows that the tested questions in UN 2018 has complied with UN 2018 blueprint issued by BSNP. The most proficiency tested in UN 2018 was same as those tested in UN 2017 (as much 67,5% for IPA Mathematic and 75% for IPS Mathematic). Nonetheless, the average score of UN in 2018 is lower than in 2017 as much 4,94 point for IPA Mathematic and as much 5,37 point for IPS Mathematic. The proficiency which is still not mastered by students for National Examination mathematic is questions for Level 1 (Knowing and Understanding ) like logarithmic (Mathematic for science) and codomain of function (Mathematic for social science). The difficulty level for Mathematic for science is 36,54% and for Mathematic for social science is 30,77%. Teachers should have a good understanding of blueprint, learning strategy improvement and material reinforcement for students. Full Text: PDF References Crocker, Linda & James Algina. (2008). Introduction to Classical and Modern Test Theory. Ohio: Chengange Learning http://www.republika.co.id (2018) Kementerian Pendidikan dan kebudayaan. (2006). Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan. Jakarta: Kemdikbud Mullis, Ina V.S & Michael O. Martin (2017). TIMSS 2019 Assessment Framework. Boston college: IEA Permendikbud RI no.69 tahun2013 tentang Kerangka Dasar dan Struktur Kurikulum SMA/MA. Jakarta: Kemdikbud Permendikbud RI no.21 tahun2016 tentang Standar Isi Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah. Jakarta: Kemdikbud Permendikbud RI no.3 tahun2017 tentang Penilaian Hasil Belajar oleh Satuan Pendidikan. Jakarta: Kemdikbud Pusisjian. (1993). Pengembangan Bank Soal. Jakarta: Depdikbud Puspendik (2018). Panduan Pemanfaatan Hasil Ujian Nasional Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017 untuk Perbaikan Mutu Pendidikan. Jakarta: Puspendik Puspendik (2018). Panduan Pemanfaatan Hasil Ujian Nasional Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018 untuk Perbaikan Mutu Pendidikan. Jakarta: Puspendik DOI: https://doi.org/10.26499/iceap.v1i1.72 Refbacks » There are currently no refbacks. ID 523 US 54 MY 21 IN 19 NL 12 DE 8 SG 7 GB 7 NO 6 TH 4 Newest: AP You: CA Today: 2 Month: 72 Total: 764 Supercounters.com The Characteristics of Mathematics Items for Senior High School Grade in National Examination 2018 JOURNAL CONTENT Search Search Scope All Search Browse » By Issue » By Author » By Title


Purpose : This study was conducted to identify the effects of the critical pathway (CP) on the quality of medical care, and to determine means of reducing costs for lumbar posterolateral fusion in patient with lumbar spinal stenosis. Materials and Methods : The subjects were 25 control patients with lumbar posterolateral fusion, and 25 experimental patients with application of CP. We compared the patients'functional status using the Oswestry disability index, patients'satisfaction by quality patient care scale, the length of hospitalization and the medical charges between the two groups. Results : Differences between the Oswestry disability index of the experimental and control groups were not significant. No differences were found between two groups regarding general care, but the experimental group was more satisfied with specific care related to spinal fusion. The mean length of stay of the experimental group was shorter than that of the control group, and the charge of medication and treatment of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. Conclusion : Critical pathway improves the quality of care and reduces medical charges.


Using supramolecular chemistry to functionalise graphene for photonic applications is a challenging issue due to graphene's capacity to quench any emission from molecules adsorbed on its surface. To overcome this...


THE aim of diagnosis in heart diseaseis to determine the capacity of the heart to maintain an efficient circulation. As JamesMackenzie pointed out, the whole study 'of cardiac disease centres around heart failure. The examination of a patient suffering from heart disease reveals the presenceof failure of the heart or renders possible the recognition of structural changeswhich foreshadow its failure in the future. When heart failure is well established,it presents,in the majority of instances, few difficulties of diagnosis. But it is more difficult, and in some respectsmore important, to recognizethe earliest signs of failure or to foresee it before it comes. The recognition of the necessity for early diagnosis and the difficulty inherent in this have induced in many practitioners a fear that early heart disease may pass undetectedby them. This fear hasled to manyanerroneous diagnosis which has infiicted injustice and misery upon the patient. Also many patientsrationalizetheir symptoms incorrectly as arising from the heart. So it comes to pass that "a large proportion of those who think or fear they have heart disease,turn out on careful examination to be free from it."(1) By a careful evaluationof symptoms and signs it is possible to avoid such errors to a large extent. If the heartactually is faili11g, the diagnosisof this fact is made from the history and from the examination of other organs than the heart. In patients in whom structural changesare present,which may lead to failure of the heart in the future, the diagnosisrests mainly on the examinationof the heart itself.


Based on both the newly-discovered and the former historic data, American historian Joseph W. Esherick analyzes the tide, social context, the cause and the logic of the Boxer Uprising in China. Besides, he puts emphasis on the great impact of this campaign on the Chinese society and law.


.......................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ iii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ vi List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... viii Nomenclature ................................................................................................................................. ix Chapter 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2 Literature Review ......................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Theory and Background of Airlift Pumps ............................................................................ 6 2.2 Experimental Work ............................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Modelling Airlift Pumps ..................................................................................................... 13 2.4 Use of Airlift Pumps in Aquaculture Applications ............................................................. 15 2.5 Objective of the Study ........................................................................................................ 18 Chapter 3 Theoretical Analysis Mathematical Modelling .......................................................... 20 3.1 Conservation of Mass ......................................................................................................... 20 3.2 Conservation of Momentum ............................................................................................... 21 3.3 Conservation of Energy ...................................................................................................... 22 3.4 Simplified Two-Phase Flow Approach ............................................................................... 24 3.5 Flow Pattern Dependent Modelling: ................................................................................... 29 The Bubbly-Slug Transition ............................................................................................. 29 The Slug-Churn Transition ............................................................................................... 30 Transition to Annular Flow ............................................................................................... 30 3.6 Integrating the Slip Ratio .................................................................................................... 32 Bubbly Flow Correlations ................................................................................................. 32 Slug Flow Correlations ..................................................................................................... 33 Churn Flow Correlations................................................................................................... 33 Annular Flow Correlations ............................................................................................... 34 3.7 Algorithm Solution: ............................................................................................................ 36 Chapter 4 Experimental Setup .................................................................................................... 39 4.1 Laboratory Setup ................................................................................................................. 39


The assessment of ecological factors that affect individual mental health or academic functioning is an important component of educational and psychological consultation. Researchers and practitioners have conceptualized such ecological or environmental factors in a variety of ways and from a broad range of perspectives. In this article we identify and describe important components of a student's environment that affect both instruction and mental health. The integration of these components into present educational and psychological assessments is discussed in light of available research. We conclude by highlighting specific needs for further research and development in ecological assessment, including expansion and improvement of assessment methods, improvement of available instrumentation, and increased attention toward effective implementation.


Menarche is main indicator of sexual maturity which relates to a reproductive function. The onset of the menstrual cycle differs individually and is influenced by many variables such as socio-economic situation, race, genetics, climate, altitude, nutritional status, and physical growth. Among them physical growth has been known to be the most influencing factor, particularly when expressed as body fat designated by weight. This study intended to investigate the body composition of girls around the menarche period and to evaluate the minimal levels of weight and fat percentage needed for the onset of menarche. A total of 101 female subjects, aged 11 to 13 years, were recruited from the 5th and 6th grades of an elementary school, in Mokpo, Korea. The subjects were placed into one of two groups Pre-menarche and Post-menarche groups according to their experience with menarche. Thereafter, the subjects in the Post-group were placed into 4 subgroups based on the number of menstruations they experienced : Post-Ⅰ(1-3 times), Post-Ⅱ(4-6 times), Post-Ⅲ(7-9 times), and Post-Ⅳ(>10 times). The average age at the onset menarche of the subjects in Post groups was 11.2±0.6 years. There were significant differences in the data of anthropometry and body composition between the Pre and Post groups, although the mean ages of both Pre and Post groups were the same. Weight, waist, hip and thigh girths, fat percentage, and lean body mass of the Post groups were significantly higher than those of the Pre group. Height was not significantly different between the groups. Weight was highly correlated with body fat mass (r=0.92, p<0.001), fat percentage (r=0.85, p<0.001), and body mass index (r=0.91, p<0.001). These results indicate that weight, compared with height, reflects body composition well and influences the onset of the menstrual cycle. It could also by suggested that the minimal weight and fat percentage needed for the onset of menarche in Korean females are 41㎏ and 17% to 19%, respectively.


A new approach for the determination of activation energy and attempt frequency for the diffusion of single adatoms on a surface is proposed and demonstrated for Pt adatom diffusion on Pt(111). The method is based on a combination of low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The method involves only a minimum of assumptions and is independent of classical nucleation theory. This independence allows one to analyze the applicability of the latter. In addition, it is found that the measurement of the mean square displacement of individual adatoms is influenced by the STM tip.


AIDS denialism might be defined as an approach to the HIV / AIDS epidemic that rejects the generally accepted scientific and epidemiological evidence that the disease is caused by a virus transmitted from person to person, principally by sexual contact, and that does not believe that in countries such as South Africa AIDS is rampant.


This research objectives is to know the in fl uence of the ease of use, bene fi ts, risks, security and the ease of access to the use of mobile banking. This research took 249 respondents of 265 questionnaires received. Respondents taken by accidental sampling, and analyzed using multiple regression of SPSS 17. This research showed that easiness of operation and usefulness are not signi fi cant. Risk, easiness of access and security are signi fi cant.


A Joint Working Group of funding bodies and universities are preparing a draft Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research (ACRCE). Compliance with a new Code is linked to research grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and the Australian Research Council (ARC).


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint tissue inflammation. Cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (C3G) is a major component in the flavonoid family and has shown anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant and anti‐tumour activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of C3G on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‐induced inflammation on human rheumatoid fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) and on collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) mice model. We treated FLS with C3G followed by LPS induction, the expressions of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β) and IL‐6 and the activation of nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway were analyzed. CIA was induced in mice and the arthritic mice were treated with C3G for 3 weeks. The disease severity was compared between control and C3G treated mice. The serum levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 were analyzed by ELISA. C3G inhibited LPS‐induced TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 expression in FLS. Moreover, C3G inhibited LPS‐induced p65 production and IκBa, p38, ERK and JNK phosphorylation. Administration of C3G significantly attenuated disease in mice with CIA and decreased the serum level of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6. C3G inhibited LPS‐induced inflammation in human FLS by inhibiting activation of NF‐κB and MAPK signalling pathway. C3G exhibited therapeutic effects in mice with CIA.


The 'Decorum' Project generated one live performance, but also three short films, made by different groups of women in London, Peterborough and Southend. This web page summarizes the project, and provides links to all three films


The development of immunologic approaches to the treatment of cancer has progressed through major changes in the past five years. In the 1970s considerable enthusiasm existed for immunotherapeutic approaches to cancer based on attempts to provide nonspecific stimulation of the host immune system in the hope that this general increase in immune reactiv ity would lead to an increased reactivity to putative tumor antigens on growing cancers. This approach was based on minimal experimental data from animal tumor models. A large number of clinical trials in humans utilized attempts to stimulate the immune system nonspecifically. Using substances such as Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), methenol-extracted residue (MER), Corynebacterium parvum, levamisole, and other immune stimulators, researchers treated patients with extensive tumor, as well as with minimal tumor burdens. This experience was almost universally unsuccessful and, both in animal tumor model systems and in the human, has largely been abandoned (I). An alternate approach to cancer immunotherapy can be categorized as "passive" or "adoptive" immunotherapy, in which the tumor-bearing host receives the systemic transfer of immunologic reagents such as antibodies or reactive cells already possessing antitumor reactivity (2-5). Because the


The coastal cities are always exposed under the risk of different kinds of natural disasters due to their special locations. The integrated risk analysis method should be developed from the commonness of hazard-affected bodies and mainly focus on the risk uncertainties. In this paper, the influence factors about natural disaster hazards and vulnerability of coastal cities are summarized and classified according to their identical, opposite and fluctuant properties. The risk assessment model is founded based on the connection degree approach of set pairs. The entropies of weight factors, which are acquired by projection pursuit method, determine the extent of fluctuant performance. The departure direction and extent of fluctuant performance form the threshold of natural disaster risk. Based on the analysis results, different decision makers could make decision according to their personal risk preferences. Furthermore, the range of natural disaster loss could be computed if met some conditions.


Uncertain time series analysis is important in applications such as wireless sensor networks and location-based services. This has been the subject of some recent studies, and a number of solution techniques have been proposed for similarity search problems. We classify the proposed similarity measures into deterministic, which returns a value, and probabilistic, which returns a random variable. By means of our classification, we present an overview of the proposed similarity measures and evaluate them experimentally. We conducted a comprehensive performance evaluation of these techniques through numerous experiments using the well-known real-life UCR benchmark data. As the computational complexity of some of these similarity measures was very high, we devised an effective sampling-based heuristic method to complete the experiments which could not be done before. The results of our experimental evaluation and comparison provide useful insights and guidelines for researchers and practitioners in similarity search and analysis of uncertain time series data.


Vacuum sublimed thin films of copper phthalocyanine were prepared at room temperature. The optical properties of thin CuPc films have been investigated in the spectral range 200-2100 nm. The refractive index n as well as the absorption index k were calculated before and after annealing. It is obvious that the refractive index showed an anomalous dispersion in the absorption region as well as normal dispersion in the transparent region. The analysis of the spectral behavior of the absorption coefficient, α in the absorption region revealed direct transitions. The analysis of α as well as the dielectric constants e1 and e2 reveals several absorption peaks at photon energies given in the text. The fundamental and the onset energy gaps could also be estimated as 2.74+0.02 and 1.64+0.02 eV respectively.


Pituitaries from male, sexually mature neotenic axolotls were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Eight protein fractions were isolated from unstained gels. They were tested for thyrotropic activity in two different systems: 1) 131iodide uptake into the thyroids of hypophysectomized neotenic axolotls was followed over a 72-hour period after pretreatment with the protein fractions (one pituitary-equivalent per animal and day); 2) The thyroxine (T4)-release in vitro from thyroid glands was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). PAGE fractions were added to the culture medium. Three fractions (A1, A2, and A4) were found to increase 131iodide uptake significantly. Specific release of T4 by axolotl thyroid glands was stimulated by only one fraction (B2), corresponding to the two fractions (A1 and A2) which caused the greatest 131I uptake. The T4-release was dose-dependent, and on a μg-basis, axolotl-TSH, (a-TSH), B2, was approximately eight times more potent than the reference bovine TSH (b-TSH), NIH-TSH-B8. It was shown the pituitary of neotenic axolotls contains proteins with high thyrotropic activity.


Hand hygiene (HH) is the most significant factor for the improvment of practices and reduction of microorganism transmission to patients, visitors, and health care workers, yet compliance rates remaining low. This study aims to improve the compliance of intensive care unit (ICU) staff in hand disinfection; either by washing or rubbing with alcohol-based solution. We analysised the HH compliance of ICU staff at Al-Istishari hospital in Jordan over a period of four months (December 2008-April 2009). A total of 24 study participants were observed to have a high ratio of HH compliance rate after removing gloves (76%). This prospective, interventional study employed an exploratory mixed qualitative-quantitative method. The study was conducted between December 2008 and April 2009 in the ICU at Al-Istishari Hospital, Amman, Jordan. The Hand Washing Questionnaire (HWQ) and 80 h of observations were used to measure and evaluate the compliance of HH practices among ICU employees. The effective compliance to HH practice was as low as 28% in January, rising to 32% in April; a total improvement of 4%. This was accompanied by a corresponding improvement in the rate of nosocomial infection (NI). The NI rate dropped by 5.6% over a short period; from 16.7% in January 2009 to 11.1% in March 2009.We identified an inverse relationship between HH compliance and NI rates. These findings suggest that the NI rate of ICUs can be reduced by relatively inexpensive strategies. We propose that a national HH program should be implemented in all healthcare sectors in Jordan.


Predators commonly share prey with human exploiters, intuitively suggesting that there is an inherent human-predator conflict through competition for prey. Here we studied the effects of fishing and predation mortality on biomass distributions and yields of shared prey using a size-structured model of competing populations, describing the life histories of Baltic Sea sprat and herring. Whereas both species responded in a similar fashion to increased fishing mortality, with decreasing juvenile and adult biomasses, we found that responses to predation mortality differed between species. Sprat only display weak compensatory responses with increasing predation mortality, while over a substantial range of mortalities there was a strong increase in adult (and total) herring biomass, i.e. overcompensation. The observed biomass overcompensation results from relaxed intraspecific competition as predation mortality increased, allowing for faster individual growth rates that in turn lead to a change in population composition (juvenile:adult biomass ratio). Our results suggest that the potential for biomass overcompensation is higher for species exhibiting substantial growth after maturation. Differences in size-selectivity of predators and fishing mortality resulted in a positive effect of predation mortality on fisheries yields, which can be explained by an overcompensatory response in adult herring biomass. Thus, somewhat counter intuitive, our results suggest that fishermen, depending on prey life history, may actually benefit from allowing for a higher abundance of predators, despite competing for shared prey.


The Philippine Root Crop Research and Training Center (PhilRootcrops) divided fertilizer applications for sweet potato farming into various phases. Full fertilizer is applied two weeks after planting for the vegetative growth period. Apply another set of fertilizers containing a combination of nitrogen and potassium during the bulking period one and a half months later; this is one way to give the tuber a sweetened flavor. Because fresh sweet potato tubers are more marketable if their sizes are more or less consistent, the study hypothesized that ceasing to apply fertilizer containing phosphorus will adversely affect the uniformity of the size of sweet potato tubers. The application of mixtures of muriate of potash and urea-containing fertilizer increased sweet potato tubers with the highest average circumference and the average weight in Treatment 2 [Circumference (C)=12.4 cm; weight (W)=0.35 kg], which demonstrates the elimination of phosphorus-containing fertilizer for the bulking period of sweet potato production. According to the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and F test (F = 1.09, p = 0.41), there was no statistically significant difference in the dependent variable between the various groups. The study finds that using muriate of potash and urea-containing fertilizer combinations generated the maximum yield in terms of circumference and weight per tuber for sweet potato farming with semi-loam varieties (Treatment 2). The usual application of the farmers under study to Treatment 2 is to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers. Based on the study results, phosphorus-containing fertilizer does not affect sweet potato tuber yield.


Purpose To establish the Real-time PCR for detection of IBRV gE gene,and to distinguish between the IBRV wild strain and gE deletion IBRV vaccine strain.Methods A pair of primer were designed based on the IBRV gE gene conservative region.The real-time PCR method was developed by the optimization of the reaction conditions.The viral 10-fold serial dilution DNA samples and IBRV,BVDV,bovine rotavirus,MDBk cells and bovine serum were used to test the sensitivity and specificity of the method.Result The real-time PCR method had been developed,and it could detect 70 copies/μL.The result of the clinical simulation detection was 0.03TCID50.Conclusion: This method characterized by high specific,sensitive,short testing time and lower pollution.In conclusion,this method could be used for rapid quantitative detection of IBRV in clinical samples.


Work safety in China carries out three level management systems from the country,the local and the enterprise,and local work safety supervision level is a key factor that influences the regulatory effects.Through comprehensive analysis on revision of " Law of the People's Republic of China on Work Safety " and" Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases" in recent years and function adjustment of China's work safety supervision and management departments,the main problems and the causes of the current local work safety supervision and management system were revealed.In addition,on the standpoint of the safety functions optimization and integration,it was suggested to establish a new local work safety supervision and management system,which combines comprehensive supervision mainly from province safety production supervision and management agencies with routine supervision mainly from counties or districts work safety supervision and management agencies,with a view to provide a reference for improvement of China's work safety supervision and management system.


This article reviews the development of theories of transport phenomena by Maxwell, Boltzmann, Chapman, and Enskog, and their application to the calculation of the viscosity coefficient. Maxwell's original mean-free-path theory for hard spheres (1860) was refined by Tait, Sutherland, Rayleigh, and Jeans, but suffered from inherent limitations because the velocity-distribution function in a nonuniform gas was unknown.Maxwell (1866) and Boltzmann (1872) proposed more general methods for dealing with transport processes in gases; these methods form the basis of the modern theory. However, Maxwell and Boltzmann did not manage to solve their equations except in a few special cases. It was not until half a century later that Chapman (1916) and Enskog (1917) independently succeeded in determining the velocity-distribution function to an accuracy sufficient for the calculation of transport coefficients for any assumed force law. The extension of the theory to dense gases of hard spheres was accomplished by Enskog...


The Google Play-the chief boundless computerization utility advertises in which rank maltreatment and malware appearance has multiplied quick. In this paper, we tend to present Fair play, an first rate device that unearths and pursues malware deserted by means of fraudsters. The proposed framework's point is to find malware and programs exposed to seek rank misrepresentation. Fair play associates audit physical games and unambiguously consolidates diagnosed audit relations with etymological and behavior signals acquired from Google Play utility statistics. Fair play accomplishes nice excellent level datasets of cross for expansive peruse through making use of a few technique to every software to test its positioning. Our want is to make a immaculate, misrepresentation less utility.Fraudsters make extortion by downloading application through various gadgets and give extortion evaluations and audits. Along these lines, we keep an eye on previously mentioned to mine critical data relating to explicit application through audits that are obtained from remarks. Afterward, these audits are joined to mine extortion in application positioning.


I 2011, U.S.-located companies spent $29.6 billion for extramural (purchased and collaborative) research and development performed by domestic and overseas organizations, according to statistics from the Business R&D and Innovation Survey (BRDIS). This amount includes contract or otherwise purchased R&D ($24.0 billion) and payments to R&D collaborators ($5.6 billion). Most of these extramural R&D expenditures involve domestic providers and partners.


As Chinese treasure,martial art is an important comp onent of excellent traditional culture.Martial art teaching is not only skill le arning,but also a education course of traditional culture and virtue.Martial art is the compulsory course in primary,secondary school and college in China,which play very important part in developing traditional ethics and national spirit.P racticing martial art conform to national reality and display our characteristic s.Martial art can play a unique part in the overall development of people.


The reason of my writing upon a subject which has been so often treated of, is, that none of the accounts hitherto given of this phænomenon (at least that I have met with) seem to me sufficient to solve all the circumstances of it.


Objective: To investigate the effect of cultural orientation and psychological separation on adolescents' life satisfaction. Methods: 539 middle school students were measured with scales. Results: ①Collectivist cultural orientation had significant and positive predictive effects on life satisfaction, and psychological separation partially mediated the effects of collectivist cultural orientation on life satisfaction. ②The mediating effect of psychological separation was moderated by gender: only in the female group, psychological separation partially mediated the positive effect of collectivist cultural orientation on life satisfaction. Conclusion: Psychological separation partially mediated the relationship between collectivist cultural orientation and life satisfaction, which was moderated by gender. The effect of psychological separation has moderated mediating effect on adolescents' life satisfaction.


Background: Awareness of early breast cancer detection in women through mammography study (diagnostic as well as screening) was planned by Mangal Medi Centre through referral doctors for diagnostic and direct approach to cross society (screening) with an early detection of breast cancer. But incidentally or coincidentally so many males underwent the Mammography. So those reports were analysis retrospective. Methods: Retrospective study of 92 men who underwent mammography procedures co-incidentally, during well planned study of early detection of breast cancer for women through mammography in last 10 years in one of the NGO named Mangal Medi Center Aurangabad. Those findings were analysed and hereby are presented, in which age varied as low as 11 years and as high as 77 years. Results: Even though relatively seems to be small in number, is having lot of significance to that, as only few researcher carry out this type of study and Men hardly go for Mammography and even Medical fraternity hardly refers male for mammography. A total of 92 patients that too Men underwent mammography (X-ray base technique to detect early breast lesions and mainly breast cancer) along with high frequency Sonography of each and every patient were carried out. Conclusions: Our study of 92 patients nearly showed the 6 patients having very high suspicions of malignancy means nearly 8% (Even though breast cancer in male is usually of 1%). So this retrospective analytical study concludes that even though routine mammography screening (In female every year) is not required in male but definitely it will be an a useful tool in patients having any type of complain related with breast like pain, enlargement or both, may help a lot to diagnose breast lesions like calcification, gynaecomastia and breast cancer in early stage (as a general rule breast cancer in male is diagnosed in late stage due to myth that breast cancer is not seeing in male, lack of self-awareness and coming in late stage with larger tumour size resulting you higher morbidity and mortality.


The Brazilian Cerrado consists of a highly heterogeneous tropical savanna, and its biomass stocks are highly variable. Mapping and monitoring these stocks is not trivial. To address this challenge, we built an aboveground woody biomass (AGWB) model for the Cerrado biome using 30-m resolution optical satellite imagery (Landsat-5 and Landsat-8), 25-m resolution SAR imagery (ALOS and ALOS-2), and a set of plot-based and LiDAR-derived AGWB estimates. We implemented both a Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and a Random Forest (RF) algorithm to model AGWB over the native vegetation for the year 2019 in the Cerrado. The RF algorithm resulted in a slightly better result $(\mathrm{R}^{2}=53\%;\text{ rel. RMSE} =57\%)$ than, the CART model $(\mathbf{R}^{2}=45\%\ \text{ rel. RMSE} =63\% 1$, but our map shows an underestimation of very high AGWB (negative bias over 200 t.ha-1) and a slight overestimation of low AGWB (positive bias).


In Korea, industrial complexes for manufacturing and producing various products have been established in the region. Owing to their rapid development and ease of management, most industrial complexes are composed of steel-structured buildings, and only few buildings are reinforced concrete structures. Steel-structure buildings are generally known to have relatively low fire resistance depending on their material characteristics, which necessitates additional fire resistance reinforcement procedures to ensure structural safety. In this study, we experimentally evaluated the behavioral characteristics according to the exposure temperature of intumescent paint, which is a fire-resistant reinforcement material applied in various steel structures (including industrial complexes), to use it as a database for the diagnostic evaluation of fire-damaged steel structures.


The excited states of dinucleoside phosphates (dGpdG, dApdA, dApdT, TpdA and dGpdT) in their cationic radical states were studied using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The ground state geometries of all the dinucleoside phosphate cation radicals considered, in their base stacked conformation, were optimized using B3LYP/6-31G(d) method. Further, to take into account the effect of the aqueous environment surrounding the dinucleoside phosphates, the polarized continuum model (PCM) was considered and the excitation energies were computed using the TD-B3LYP/6-31G(d) method. From this study, we found that the first transition, in all the dinucleoside molecules involves hole transfer from base to base. DG •+ pdG and dApdA •+ were found to have substantially lower first transition energies than others with two diffent DNA bases. Higher energy transitions involve base to sugar as well as base to base hole transfer. The calculated TD-B3LYP/ 6-31G(d) transition energies are in good agreement with previous calculations using CASSCF/CAS-PT2 level of theory. This TD-DFT work supports the experimental findings that sugar radicals formed upon photo-excitation of G •+ in γ -irradiated DNA and suggests an explanation for the wavelength dependence found. a far greater yield of sugar radicals than was found by γ -irradiation (a low LET radiation). Since these sugar radicals were formed predominantly along the ion track, where excitations and ionizations are in proximity, it was proposed that excited state cation radicals could be direct precursors of the neutral sugar radicals.2,3 Several studies were performed to test this hypothesis using near UV-visible photo-excitation of the guanine cation radical (G •+ ) in DNA and in model systems of deoxyribonucleosides and deoxyribonuleotides. Direct conversion of G •+ to deoxyribose sugar radicals was found in every case with high yields (50% in DNA and 80–100% in model systems).1,4,5 In model systems the formation of specific C1 ′ •, C3 ′ • and C5 ′ • sugar radicals were found to be structure


Objective: To present new claim demands for Brazilian Sanitary Reform Movement. Methodology: This is a literature review of the bibliographic type carried out based on the search for studies in two virtual libraries and an electronic search engine. Results: As a criticism of the existing health policy in the country, the Brazilian Sanitary Reform Movement demanded a substantial change in the excluding health system in a period prior to 1988. This movement had as main strategy the claim to implant a universal health system in the country, the Sistema Unico de Saude, and was the result of struggles and mobilizations, linked to the popular movement. Conclusion: It is noticed that the brazilian health system faces difficulties to fully exercise the doctrinal and organizational principles proposed in the legislation of Sistema Unico de Saude. Attacks like Constitutional Amendment 95, of 2016, have an impact on its functioning. In addition, underfunding, social inequalities and access to the system and management challenges are considered as likely guidelines for the continuity of the Movement.


The study describes development of pine slenderness in 35-year-old stand, depending on the biosocial position of each tree. The relationships between slenderness and breast height diameter as well as with tree height were established; also selected characteristics of the crown (width, length, degree of crow spread and the relative length of the crown) were described. Slenderness, crown spread, crown length, pine


Feel lonely? What about reading books? Book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time. When you have no friends and activities somewhere and sometimes, reading book can be a great choice. This is not only for spending the time, it will increase the knowledge. Of course the b=benefits to take will relate to what kind of book that you are reading. And now, we will concern you to try reading the life death of the solid south a political history new perspectives on as one of the reading material to finish quickly.