The existing application programming interface (API) between applications and the network architecture is one reason that it is hard to deploy novel protocols into the network architecture. Coupling between applications and underlying protocols makes it almost impossible to change one without changing the other. Coupling can be loosened or resolved by not involving applications in protocols implementation details but, only in functionality necessary to establish a communication. This way underlying network can deploy novel or updated implementations of a functionality without needing to change the applications. Using intermediate abstraction layers is an approach to break the dependency between applications and network protocols. One of the major goals in future internet architectures is to be flexible enough to adapt to application's requirements. In this paper, a requirement-based API is presented as an abstraction layer to make applications independent of network mechanisms, which also helps in the transition to future internet architectures.


In 1988 we carried out a case study survey at Minamikayabe in the southern part of Hokkaido, Japan. This area is particularly interesting because of its geothermal potential. Seven control wells had been drilled prior to our operation, and also some other information has been available from other survey methods such as gravity, geology, geochemistry, DC resistivity and heat flow. Hence the area is an ideal site for a study of effectiveness of the MT method.The study area is close to the sea and a special care for the coast effect was necessary in our interpretation. The resistivity structure which we derived was found to agree with the well logging data. In this area, the geothermal reservoir is related to a series of fracture existing in an intrusive rock body in the southeast flank of Mt. Nakitsura. The relatively conducting area in our model can be interpreted as corresponding to a fractured zone in the intrusive rock body.Analyses of the data derived from network MT measurements, which we undertook in the present case study, clearly show that dense network measurements could resolve a spatially fine resistivity structure. In order to attain a high spatial resolution of subsurface resistivity structure in a geothermal or a volcanic area, where the subsurface structure is extremely complicated, we show that a dense network MT measurement is indispensable.


This paper studies the complexity variations of scheduling problems in di erent machine environments when replacing operations with arbitrary processing times by the chains of operations with unit processing times Special attention is paid to polynomial time algo rithms for chain like precedence constrained problems with unit processing times and trans formations of their solutions to each other Due to the small size the problems of this type cannot be solved in polynomial time by the algorithms solving in polynomial time their ex tensions with tree like or general precedence constraints There are also considered reductions of preemptive problems with arbitrary processing times to nonpreemptive problems with unit processing times in cross or equal machine environments involving parallel machines a ow shop and an open shop The complexity status of several problems that were open before is clari ed


Currently, The Steel industry has been actively fusion of IT and automation system. Because of Steel making system is diffcult to solve various ploblems at the same time. So get smart factory attention. In This paper, It describes the infrastructure to implement the smart plant in the steel industry.


An enhanced control strategy for variable-speed unbalanced stand-alone doubly-fed induction generator-based wind energy conversion systems is proposed in this paper. The control scheme is applied to the rotor-side converter to eliminate stator voltage imbalance. The proposed current controller is developed based on the proportional-resonant regulator, which is implemented in the stator stationary reference frame. The resonant controller is tuned at the stator synchronous frequency to achieve zero steady-state errors in rotor currents without decomposing the positive and negative sequence components. The computational complexity of the proposed control algorithm is greatly simplified, and control performance is significantly improved. Finally, simulations and experimental results are presented to verify the feasibility and the robustness of the proposed control scheme.


The aim of this research was to establish the condition of first permanent molar after 3-year of an initial exam. Caries index and clinical and radiographic diagnosis of this element were verified. From the original sample – M1 (n = 49), 26 children were evaluated in M2. Clinically, was observed that 66,4% of the first molars of M2 (n = 104) were sound, 6,7% were cavited, and 26% were restored; 79 molars could be radiographically evaluated in both moments. Fifty-three of them (67,1%) remained sound. It was concluded that most of the first permanent molars clinical and radiographically evaluated in both moments were sound. The incidence of caries involvement of oclusal surface was equal to
18,7% after 3 years.


This study posits that there may be a strong relationship between the high degree of protectionism of the Swiss housing market and its stability. The article provides an overview of the Swiss housing policies that, it is argued, are highly conservative in the context of an international comparison. The stability of the Swiss housing economy is empirically tested. Based on the time-period from 1990 to 2009, in which two substantial crises occurred, house prices and construction activity are modelled. The emerging results, which are admittedly based on a very short time-series, are nonetheless consistent with previous theoretical and empirical research. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the Swiss housing economy operates in accordance with fundamentals. Based on a tentative approach that measures the occurrence of the crisis with annual indicator variables, no effects of the crises on the Swiss housing market can be detected.


A vast array of natural trees and shrubs are traditionally being used by livestock farmersdetermining the usefulness of them through their experience are traditionally using shrubs.These plants may be represented in writings over thousands years ago as fodder trees in Sri-Lankan traditional livestock farming systems. These range from short structure shrubs throughlarge trees which can grow to a height of 30m.Botanically they come under several plantfamilies and basically categorized 15 leguminous and non leguminous tree fodders and bothcategories are equally Important as forages Premier reviews of the natural fodder trees and shrubs have been carried out in Sri Lanka byseveral investigators under several institutions. 'Those studies were mainly composed to regionalsurveys, laboratory analysis on the composition and adverse factors and simple feedingexperiments. Studies revealed that the most of tree and shrub leaves are rich in CP, Ca, Mg, and average in Pand S, low in Na and trace in Cu and Zn. The average Crude Protein (CP), Neutral DetergentFiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ACF), Lignin, Cellulose and Total ash vary from 9.0 to28.1%,33.3 to 54.0%, 18.37 to 50.08%, 4.7 to 22.0%, 11.5to 24.8 and 4.6 to 14.7 respectively.There is a high variation in DCP (5.5 to 19.8%) and TDN (36.3 to 83.4%). In most of thespecies, In-vitro Organic matter Digestibility (IVOMD) value is between 45 to 55% while fewspecies show a value more than 55%,and less than 45% .In a nitrogen balance study, all the treefodder tested was able to maintain a positive nitrogen balance. Some natural tree fodder containsanti quality substances. Tannins are most popular substances, which occur in some tree leaves.Farmers currently overcome this problem by feeding mixtures of fodders, feeding in later stagersthat tannins are low in content and wilting or sun drying Little effort had been made to study and obtain information including production andconsumption under the natural habitats and their feeding limitations. Therefore increasedattention needs to given those as a team approach with all relevant institution


The utility model relates to a badge manufacturing device. The badge manufacturing device (1) comprises a base table (2), a sliding table (100) which can reciprocally moved on the base table, the first and the second bearing moulds (110) and (140) which are arranged on the both sides of the reciprocate direction of the sliding table (100), an extrude screw shaft (30), a pressure mould (40) which is arranged on the lower end of the extrusion screw shaft (30) and is used for engaging with the first bearing mould (110) or the second bearing mould (140), and an operating handle (32) which is arranged on the upper part of the extrusion screw shaft (30). The extrusion screw shaft is combined with a female thread part (17b) which is fixed on a fixed part (20) through the thread, and also is upwards moved on a shaft, and the fixed part is fixed on the upper part of the base table through the supporting columns (16) and (17). The utility model has the technical effects of safety, light weight, small operating space, and firmness. The badge manufacturing device can be operated on the unstable place, and unwanted load is not applied on the badge manufacturing device after the moulding is finished.


Purpose: to consider the features of physical therapy for gunshot lesions of the diaphysis of the shoulder. Material & Methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of modern scientific and methodological literature data on the features of the use of rehabilitation equipment for gunshot shoulder injuries. Result s: the peculiarities of the application of physical therapy devices after gunshot lesions of the shoulder diaphysis are determined, the features of the application of kinesitherapy, therapeutic massage and physiotherapeutic treatment at different periods of the pathological process . Conclusion: physical therapy is an integral part of the medical rehabilitation of the wounded with gunshot injuries of the shoulder and depends on the amount of damage to the muscular apparatus, the immobilization method, the severity of the general condition of the wounded and the period of the pathological process and rehabilitation measures.


Background. Malnutrition in children with cancer is a common problem, especially in developing countries. Determination of nutritional status on admission and during treatment is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Objectives. This study reports the prevalence of malnutrition in children with cancer and its impact on outcomes.
Methods. A retrospective study identified newly diagnosed children with cancer between January 2017 and June 2018 at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital (IALCH), an academic hospital in South Africa (SA). The cohort comprised 139 patients. Demographic, anthropometric and outcome data were collected from the hospital electronic database. World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were applied to classify nutritional status. The impact of nutritional status on mortality, length of hospital stay and infection status in the first year was assessed.
Results. The prevalence of malnutrition in our cohort of 139 patients was 31.7% (17.3% wasted, 7.2% stunted and 7.2% wasted and stunted). There was a higher incidence of wasting in children with solid tumours than those with haematological malignancies although this was not statistically significant (21.2% v. 7.7% respectively, p-value 0.242). No significant difference in early mortality, length of hospital stay or rate of infection was noted in malnourished patients compared with well-nourished patients.
Conclusion. The prevalence of malnutrition in our cohort with cancer was high but not associated with an increased risk of mortality, hospital stay or infection. A larger sample size using a combination of arm- and weight/height-based anthropometry is recommended to confirm these findings.


Currently, local governments in South Africa are characterised by and faced with mammoth challenges of high poverty and unemployment levels, poor or lack services, stagnant local economies, shortage of skills required to propel local economic development, lack of administrative capacity and ineffective implementation of policies. Local governments, particularly local municipalities in South Africa have an constitutional obligation to play a critical role in promoting social and economic development in terms of section 152 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996 and the White Paper on Local Government of 1998, which clearly entrenches developmental duties of municipalities. Both documents encourage municipalities, through Local Economic Development (LED), to play a leading role in as far as creating job opportunities and poverty reduction are concerned. Thus, viable LED strategies are necessary to unfurl local economies with a view of addressing societal problems of high unemployment, high poverty levels and lack of access to basic services in many local communities across the country. The paper argues that in order for local municipalities to accelerate the creation of jobs, reduction of poverty, effective service delivery and improve the quality of life among the local people, the LED strategy should be well formulated and effectively implemented, and local government should assume an active role in this process. It is in this regard that the paper seeks to examine the role that the sphere of local government plays in the planning and promotion of the LED in South Africa's local municipalities.


A bacterium, which was named to be Bacillus sp. E64-2, capable of degrading endosulfan was isolated from the environmental sample using enrichment culture technique. The Bacillus sp. E64-2 was able to degrade 99% of 10 mg/L endosulfan in the culture media within 7 days at 30 . Endosulfan diol ℃ was the only intermediate by the endosulfan degrading bacterial culture and the pH value of the culture media was significantly increased to pH 8.4 from pH 7.0 after 7 days of incubation. When the endosulfan and the crude extract of the strain were incubated, endosulfan diol was a major metabolite. Both the enzymatic reaction and the pH-increasing effect contribute to the degradation of endosulfan by the bacterial culture.


The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a leech breeding method. The leech breeding method comprises the following steps: (1) leech fry are grown; (2) a pool is processed; (3) the leech fry are bred; (4) the water level is controlled, bacilli and EM probiotics are applied to water in the pool for water quality regulation. According to the leech breeding method, by means of improving a breeding method, the survival rate in the leech breeding process is increased, the stocking density is also increased, and the economic benefit of breeding is increased.


Casting is one of most important t and prime process in manufacturing industry. Basically cast irons are used for casting purpose, as it is having highest fluidity characteristic, which will allow molten cast iron to flow properly into the cavities. Cores form internal cavities inside the structure which will then leads to the final casting shape. Sand inside the cores and pattern gives strength and rigidity to the casting structure. Properly conditioned sand will gives better results. This paper focus on casting and core in detail.


The gate voltage dependent charge distribution within the quantum wells of modulation δ‐doped In0.29Al0.71As/In0.3Ga0.7As heterostructures, grown by molecular beam epitaxy and fabricated into front‐gated, six‐arm, Hall bar configurations, were evaluated by means of resistivity, Hall effect, and Shubnikov–de Haas (SdH) oscillatory magnetoresistance measurements. δ‐doping the barrier layer with Si to 6×1012/cm2 leads to an apparent electron density, as obtained from Hall measurement made at 1.6 K, ns=2.65×1012/cm2. The SdH spectra exhibit a gate voltage‐dependent transition from one subband to two subbands and the total electron density is in good agreement with that obtained from the Hall data. From a fast Fourier transform of the SdH data and low field magnetoresistance measurements the electron densities and mobilities of the two subbands at Vg=0 were found to be ns1=2.39×1012 cm−2, μ1=21 800 cm2/V s and ns2=3.96×1011 cm−2, μ2=16 000 cm2/V s, respectively.


In this paper, the numerical problem of estimating unknown parameters in systems of delay differential equations from complete data is treated. The numerical method, based on the genetic algorithm method with a fitness function to minimize the difference between the complete data and the numerical solution, is presented. The method is implemented in the framework of an epidemic model. Several models from epidemic applications such as SIR, SI, SIS and SIRS with time delay are treated. The genetic algorithm performs very well in estimating some parameters but is quite poor in estimating time delay parameter.


For a long time now Sikhs, like others, have made claims that Sikhism is a unique religion, or that it is a universal faith. What exactly do they mean by this? If it is truly unique then why has the faith failed to find a following amongst non-Punjabis in any significant numbers? This short paper will attempt to clarify what exactly may have been meant by that claim, and to "prove" that our failure to propagate the faith has, to a very large extent, been the result of our failure to exploit the uniqueness of Nanakian Philosophy as contained in the Aad Guru Granth Sahib.


Abstract We have undertaken a spectroscopic survey of luminous AGNs and quasars selected in the mid-infrared from Spitzer IRAC surveys. Mid-infrared selection is much less biased with respect to obscuration than optical techniques, and hence enables the discovery of obscured quasars as well as normal, unobscured ones. Our survey is designed to include brighter 24 micron sources over wider areas and also to go to much lower fluxes limits in more limited spatial regions to allow us to disentangle dependences on redshift and luminosity. We have used 4m class telescopes to obtain spectra of the brighter 24 micron targets (targeting high luminosity objects at low z), and 8m class telescopes to identify lower luminosity high-redshift obscured quasars by targeting the fainter 24 micron targets. Fron this survey we have been able to compile a statistically complete sample of ~ 500 AGN, both obscured and unobscured, over a large range of redshift and luminosity. We find that obscured objects outnumber unobscured AGN with an obscured fraction ranging from ~ 90% to ~ 50%. For the most luminous quasars, the number densities of unobscured quasars peaks at z ~ 2.8, and for the obscured objects, the peak may be at slightly higher redshift.


The effective emulsification of oil and retention of the stability of this emulsion in sea water is an important requirement for the remediation process following a marine oil spill. To identify alternate dispersants for emulsifying oil following a spill, we investigated oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by self-assembled complexes of a hydrophilic petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, Bacillus cereus S-1, with the linear polysaccharide chitosan. We found that the addition of chitosan improves the ability of hydrophilic Bacillus cereus S-1 to function as an effective emulsifier. The self-assembled complex of Bacillus cereus S-1 and chitosan is able to adsorb on the interface and stabilize oil-in-water emulsions for months. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) imagings and SEM results showed that the oil-in-water emulsions were stable against coalescence by formation of a thin film of bacteria–chitosan complex. Bacillus cereus S-1 associated with chitosan in the aqueous phase gave rise to a network, which was also responsible for the emulsion stability. The ability of this complex work in seawater was still very effective. In addition to stabilization, the addition of chitosan dramatically enhanced the oil degradation rate of Bacillus cereus S-1. Due to the sustainability and low environmental impact of chitosan and petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, this is an environmentally friendly and inexpensive way to treat marine oil spills.


eEF1A‐1 and eEF1A‐2 are two isoforms of translation elongation factor eEF1A. In adult mammalian tissues, isoform eEF1A‐1 is present in all tissues except neurons, cardiomyocytes, and myotubes, where its isoform, eEF1A‐2, is the only form expressed. Both forms of eEF1A have been characterized to function in the protein elongation step of translation, and eEF1A‐1 is shown to possess additional non‐canonical roles in actin binding/bundling, microtubule bundling/severing, and cellular transformation processes. To study whether eEF1A‐2 has similar non‐canonical functions, we carried out a yeast two‐hybrid screening using a full sequence of mouse eEF1A‐2 as bait. A total of 78 hits, representing 23 proteins, were identified and validated to be true positives. We have focused on the protein with the highest frequency of hits, peroxiredoxin I (Prdx‐I), for in‐depth study of its functional implication for eEF1A‐2. Here we show that Prdx‐I coimmunoprecipitates with eEF1A‐2 from extracts of both cultured cells and mouse tissues expressing this protein, but it does not do so with its isoform, eEF1A‐1, even though the latter is abundantly present. We also report that an eEF1A‐2 and Prdx‐I double transfectant increases resistance to peroxide‐induced cell death as high as 1 mM peroxide treatment, significantly higher than do single transfectants with either gene alone; this protection is correlated with reduced activation of caspases 3 and 8, and with increased expression of pro‐survival factor Akt. Thus, our results suggest that eEF1A‐2 interacts with Prdx‐I to functionally provide cells with extraordinary resistance to oxidative stress‐induced cell death. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 267–278, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This study aims to analyze the Effect of Brand Image and Price on Purchasing Decisions of Oriflame Product in Denpasar City. Data collection techniques in this study is the questionnaire. Sampling using a purposive sampling method, the sampling technique is carried out on the purpose and certain considerations of Oriflame product with a minimum age of 17 years old respondents. Data analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis, validity and reliability tests, classic assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and multiple linear regression coefficient tests. The findings of this study are brand image (X1) has a positive and partially significant effect on purchasing decisions (Y) of 0.638. Price (X2) has a positive and partially significant influence on purchasing decisions (Y) of 0.027. Brand image (X1) and price (X2) have a positive and significant effect simultaneously on purchasing decisions (Y) of 0.824. Implications for the company to always maintain and improve brand image and product quality so that purchasing decisions can be maintained properly. With the quality of ingredients and a good perception of the brand image and price, a positive so that consumer purchasing decisions can be maintained properly.


The spatial variability of cellulase, amylase, protease and pectinase activities were evaluated from four zones of West Bengal, India. The enzyme production data was plotted on the map of the study areas and spatial variability of cellulase, amylase, protease and pectinase activity was obtained. Available nitrogen of the soil was the most variable parameter with changing enzyme activity. It also varied with the available phosphorus but the variation was least with organic carbon content of the soil. Amylase was correlated with pectinase, available nitrogen and phosphorus. Cellulase was correlated with only available nitrogen; protease was correlated with pectinase and Pectinase was correlated with available nitrogen of the soil of the four sampling zone. Except protease activity, other enzymes were significantly correlated with bacterial density of the soil. These findings ultimately develop relationship among soil major nutrients and the map can be used for future enzyme bioprospecting in West Bengal, India.


Criminological literature outlines various roles for public criminologists and reflects on both the form and purpose of public criminology. This article reviews this literature and considers institutional and political activist ethnography as methods through which criminologists can address critique, and better combine social justice research and advocacy work. Such methodological considerations demonstrate that, for some, 'doing' public criminology means actively engaging in advocacy work alongside research participants and other activists. Examples and reflections from the author's own work with the criminal justice voluntary sector (CJVS) in Canada demonstrate that a public criminology informed by institutional and political activist ethnography is especially important if we want to: (i) better understand the role of the sector in supporting people with criminal records; and (ii) strengthen the relationship between academics, policymakers, advocates, practitioners, and people with lived experience of criminalisation and punishment.


Rotor (1) for a dynamoelectric machine, wherein - a rotor (1) having a predeterminable number of magnet pockets (2) for receiving the permanent magnet (3), - having the rotor (1) has two end faces (4, 5) and at each end (4, 5) an end plate (6) is arranged, - at least one of the end plates (4, 5) comprises a distribution channel (7) of the distribution of the potting material, characterized in that the distribution channel (7) in the region of an abutment with a magnet pocket (2) having a knock-out (8).


LSM-tree-based key-value stores are popular in embedded storage systems. With the growing demands of data analysis, the secondary index is created to support non-primary-key lookups. However, the lookup efficiency and space consumption of secondary index remain for further optimization. Inspired by the learned index, this paper presents Lark, a learned secondary index toward LSM-tree for resource-constrained embedded storage systems. Lark employs machine learning to speed up the non-primary-key queries and compress secondary indexes. Our preliminary evaluations show that, in comparison with traditional secondary index schemes, Lark achieves better lookup performance with less space consumption.


To assure the quality of data transmission, the quality of the transmitted data must be tested. A control of the identification of wavelength channels and the transmission of network management information is also required. According to the invention, a test signal, which contains encoded information for identification designation, quality testing and network management in the form of a low-rate digital signal, is optically modulated on a useful signal, which is already modulated on an optical carrier. Said modulation by the test signal can take place at any point in the transparent optical network. The spectral portions of the test modulation lie above the highest spectral portions of the useful modulation. The test signal can be extracted again, after traversing an optical transmission path, at any other point in the transparent optical network for evaluation with regard to information content and quality. The low-rate digital signal is evaluated using known methods with regard to its quality and conclusions are drawn from the determined quality of said low-rate digital signal concerning the quality of the useful signal, as the degradation effects during transmission affect the low-rate digital signal more adversely as a result of its higher frequency portions than the lower-frequency useful signal.


Of particular interest within the history of the USSR is how a very strong political desire to disrupt society, its foundations, its structure and its functioning wholly achieved these goals. The notably uneven history of the USSR leads the author to examine the marks it left on social behavioural patterns. This article – with the analysis both of demographic behaviour and the relation between political decisions regarding this and the subsequent social response as point of departure – attempts to provide preliminary answers to these questions. It reveals a real autonomy of behaviour in the face of often fluctuating decisions and therefore offers a reflection on the nature of political constraints. The article makes explicit, through several examples, the particular place statistical administration occupies at the junction between politics and society. Thus it becomes possible to propose a number of hypotheses on an increasing estrangement between the political world and individuals. Czech Sociological Review, 1996, Vol. 4 (No. 1: 81-95) The demographic history of the USSR and its demographic statistics are particular points of interest in the research on the relationship between political and social practices. They also allow – through the study of the production mechanisms of these statistics – the elaboration of a deeper reflection on the relationship between politicians and administrators. The respective positions of the State and society, the mediation of the administration, the autonomy of the political dynamics and their impact on social conventions are at the centre of these enquiries. Tackling Soviet history via its demographic dynamics allows in effect for the advancement of numerous hypotheses which provide us with an opportunity to illuminate this interaction between the political and social spheres. Soviet history characterises itself, in particular, by the will of the State – rarely pushed to such limits – to effect a modification, indeed a bouleversement of individual behaviour. This touched numerous domains of private life: the desire for a new family, for new relationships between couples, for a new sexuality. These imperatives were most often expressed and made concrete by the State through declarations, laws or decrees, by political manipulation, by articles in the press. Thus, during the 20s and 30s, the individual was subjected to a political policy of change and struck by a series of catastrophic events of direct impact upon demographic dynamics. The consequences of both this "totalitarian intention" and a particularly uneven history on individual behaviour – as perceived or measured by temporal or geographic *) This text follows on from a seminar that took place in Prague in June 1994 on the initiative of CEFRES. I hereby thank the centre, the discussions during the seminar having been extremely useful. This piece of work has also benefited from remarks made during the seminar on Eastern Europe at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris in November 1994. **) Direct all correspondence to Alain Blum, director of research at the Institut National d'Études Demographiques (INED), 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, e-mail email@example.com Czech Sociological Review, IV, (1/1996) 82 demographic dynamics – have been the focus of previous research.1 We will present its conclusions through several revealing examples of this attempt at social upheaval which did not result in a profound modification of societies. These societies have, on the contrary, closed themselves off from the political world to follow autonomous paths certainly, that is, when perceived through demographic behaviour, a subtle gauge of social behaviour. This closing off and this failure can be observed on the geographical level, when we affirm the permanence of spatial disparities and the continuity of a space of colonial nature from the time of the Tsarist empire to the end of the Soviet Union. They are also to be observed when one traces demographic dynamics through time, subjected, as they are, to the perils and about-turns of legislation, violently disturbed by great demographic catastrophes in the short term, but far more autonomous if one moves beyond the short term to interpret these evolutions over longer periods. The study of demographic behaviour leads, moreover, to an understanding of the mechanisms of the production of statistical data. This, however, is not interesting merely from the point of view of better establishing the quality of sources used. In fact, it also provides numerous elements for the analysis of the relations between the three levels constituted by the political world, administration and society. One thereby joins debates which have constantly accompanied the examination of the soviet world, debates in which the proponents of the interpretation of this history as a monolithic, top-down system and those researching an operational logic implying more profound social dynamics are opposed.2 As proof, one can cite Hannah Arendt, a pioneer in the definition of "totalitarian" in soviet history, who made occultation, indeed the absence of reliable statistics, one of the foundations of her model: "Despite 'an abundance of almost unclassifiable material on the purges' of 1929 to 1937, it contains no indication of the number of victims nor any other statistical data of vital importance. Each time the statistics are presented, they are hopelessly contradictory [...] in other words, if we had always known that official soviet publications had propaganda goals and were never in the least bit reliable, it now seems that dependable sources and statistical materials probably never existed anywhere." [Arendt 1972: 10] "This is even true of some of their strange lacunas, especially those concerning statistical data. This absence simply proves that in this regard, as in all others, the Stalinist regime was unpityingly coherent: all the facts that did not tally or could not be tallied with the official fiction – data on harvests, crime, real incidences of 'counter-revolutionary' activities, as opposed to previous fictive conspiracies – were considered unreal. In complete harmony with the totalitarian contempt for facts and reality, all data of this type, instead of being assembled in Moscow from the four corners of the immense territory, were first brought to the attention of the respective districts by their publication in Pravda, Izvestia or some other official organ in Moscow, such that each region, each district of the Soviet Union received its statistics – official and fictive – exactly as they received the no less fictive norms allocated them by the five year plans." [Ibid.: 18] 1) The present article is based on several themes developed in the work [Blum 1994a]. 2) For a clear and synthesizing overview of the principles of the "totalitarian school" and those of the "revisionist school", see [Werth 1993], as well as the preface by [Werth and Moullec 1994]. Alain Blum: Society, Politics and Demography. The example of Soviet History 83 In this text, which summarises to perfection the initial leanings of what was known as the "totalitarian school", two images clash which long formed the two central axes of the historiography dealing with the USSR. On the one hand, the manipulative desire of those in power who present the country the way they want it to be seen; on the other, as a consequence of this, a non-existent or manipulated statistical structure. One can therefore understand the current importance of deepening the work on soviet statistical administration, and in particular that of the 30s as well as on the administrative institution itself, its representations and what it provided the political world, and the personnel that worked there. The opening of the archives actually allows access to reports from the 30s, to administrative correspondence, to statistical materials, such as they were collected, prior to their communication, access to the procedures which transformed them. Such a deepening of research in fact shows unambiguously that statistical sources existed, that the production of figures was important and elaborated by an administrative apparatus that often did not deform it. The above description of a soviet world without statistics or falsified statistics is thus incorrect. We will present a number of research hypotheses which help explain the relation between statistical administration (demographic, so that the field is well-defined, and can be followed continuously from the beginning of the 20th century through to the Second World War right through to today even) and the political world, as well as between statistical administration and observation of the social world.


By making use of the δ с -model analogue, a problem on the stressed state and limit equilibrium of an inhomogeneous shell of revolution, weakened by an internal crack of arbitrary configuration with account for plastic deformations developing on the crack elongation in the form of a narrow strip, is reduced to an elastic problem. The latter problem is then reduced to a system of singular integral equations with unknown integration limits and discontinuous functions in the right-hand parts. The algorithm for numerical solution of such systems along with plasticity conditions of thin shells and conditions of stress boundedness is suggested. The effect of loading, as well as geometric and mechanical parameters on the crack opening displacement and sizes of plastic zones is studied for cylindrical and spherical shells made of functionally graded materials and containing internal parabolic crack.


The attachment is not only the beginning of children's social development,but also the basis of individual's life-span social life.This paper reviews the attachment theory from various perspectives,and shows it's worth researching and developing the attachment theory from the view of life-span development.Furthermore,this paper points out what should be worked out when researching the attachment in the view of life-span development.


We present new insights into the short‐ and long‐term thermal activity of the Nyiragongo lava lake by ground‐based and satellite infrared thermal imagery recorded in the first half of 2012. This is the very first time in which FLIR camera and SEVIRI data have been compared at this volcano. Maximum temperatures recorded at the molten lava were of ~1180 K, whereas the lake skin remained always below ~734 K in areas far from the upwelling zone and below ~843 K in those proximal to the source region. Ground‐based imagery yielded mean radiative power values between ~0.80 and 1.10 GW. Consistently, satellite observations showed similar mean values of 1.10 GW. Overall the thermal activity of the lava lake was quite variable along the three days of field measurements at both daily and intradaily scale. SEVIRI radiative power values retrieved for the January–June 2012 period revealed fluctuations within the same variability range suggesting that no significant changes of the lava lake area had occurred over the six months. Comparison with previous radiative power estimates showed that our data well agree with the general increasing trend recorded since the reappearance of the lava lake after the last flank eruption in 2002.


This report summarizes the emigration studies of the Nez Perce Tribe in the Imnaha River subbasin during the 2001 and 2002 migration years. A migration year for the Imnaha River is defined here as beginning July 31 of the previous year and ending July 30 the following year. The conclusion of the studies at the end of migration year 2002 marked the 11th year of the Nez Perce Tribe's Lower Snake River Emigration Studies. The Nez Perce Tribe has participated in the Fish Passage Center's Smolt Monitoring Program for nine of the 11 years. These studies collect and tag juvenile chinook salmon and steelhead at two locations in the fall, rkm 74 and rkm 7, and at rkm 7 during the spring. Data from captured and tagged fish provide an evaluation of hatchery production and releases strategies, post release survival of hatchery chinook salmon, abundance of natural chinook salmon, and downstream survival and arrival timing of natural and hatchery chinook salmon and steelhead. The hydrologic conditions that migrating fish encountered in 2001 were characterized as a drought and conditions in 2002 were characterized as below average. Hatchery chinook salmon had a mean fork length that was 34 mm greater inmore » 2001 and 35 mm greater in 2002 than the mean fork length of natural chinook smolts. Hatchery steelhead smolt mean fork lengths were 39 mm greater than natural steelhead smolts in 2001 and 44 mm greater than natural steelhead smolt fork lengths in 2002. A significant difference (p < 0.05) between hatchery and natural chinook salmon and steelhead fork lengths has been documented by these emigration studies from 1997 to 2002. Hatchery chinook salmon were volitionally released in 2001 and 2002 and the 90% arrivals for 2001 and 2002 at the lower rkm 7 trap were within the range of past observations of 22 to 38 days observed in 1999 and 2000. We estimated that 93.9% of the 123,014 hatchery chinook salmon released in 2001 survived to the lower trap and 90.2% of the 303,769 hatchery chinook salmon released in 2002 survived to the lower trap. Post release survival estimates for hatchery chinook salmon were within the range of past estimates; 88.4% in 1998 to 100.9% in 1994. An estimated 7,646 to 23,249 (95% C.I.) natural chinook salmon smolts migrated past the lower Imnaha River trap from April 4 to April 22. An additional 6,767 to 14,706 (95% C.I.) natural chinook salmon smolts migrated past the lower Imnaha River trap from April 23 to May 14, 2002. Natural chinook salmon captured and tagged at the upper rkm 74 trap survived to Lower Granite Dam (LGR) at a rate of 28.8% during migration year 2001 and 21.9% during migration year 2002. The survival estimate for fall tagged natural chinook salmon from the lower trap to LGR was 41.9% in 2001 and 33.3% in 2002. Differences between survival from release to LGR for fall tagged natural chinook salmon from the lower trap have been 5.9% to 16.9% higher than for fall tagged natural chinook salmon from the upper trap from 1994 to 2002. Spring PIT tag release groups of natural chinook salmon, hatchery chinook salmon, and hatchery steelhead produced estimates of survival from the trap to LGR within the range of past estimates since 1993. Estimated survival from release to LGR for 2001 and 2002 were as follows: 83.7% and 86.9% for natural chinook salmon, 80.3% and 77.3% for hatchery chinook salmon, 82.7% and 81.8% for natural steelhead, and 82.0% and 83.0% for hatchery steelhead. Estimates of survival for spring tagged fish from the trap to Lower Monumental Dam (LMO) during the drought of 2001 were the lowest estimates of survival from 1998 to 2002 for natural chinook salmon, and from1997 to 2002 for natural and hatchery steelhead. Estimates of migration year 2001 survival from the trap to LMO were as follows: 65.6% - natural chinook salmon, 68.9% - hatchery chinook salmon, 49.7% natural steelhead, and 42.9% - hatchery steelhead. Estimates of migration year 2002 survival from the trap to LMO were as follows: 76.8% - natural chinook salmon, 68.1% - hatchery chinook salmon, 69.9% natural steelhead, and 78.0% - hatchery steelhead. A smolt-to-adult return rate (SAR) index from LGR to LGR was calculated for migrating pre-smolt and smolt natural chinook salmon, that were PIT tagged in the fall and spring at the lower trap, for brood years 1996 to 1998 (migration years 1998 to 2000). The SARs are representative of in-river Imnaha natural chinook salmon. The LGR to LGR SAR index for presmolt chinook salmon is as follows: 3.08% (BY 1996), 2.41% (BY 1997), and 2.98% (BY 1998). Smolt-to-adult return rate index for spring tagged smolts was lower: 1.75% (BY 1996), 2.24% (BY 1997) and 2.94% (BY 1998). Fall tagged natural chinook salmon from the upper and lower trap and spring tagged natural chinook salmon from the lower trap all had significantly different (p < 0.05) median and cumulative arrival timing at LGR during migration year 2001.« less


In this paper, analysis and optimization of the efficiency of an electric drive with software control are discussed. The interaction between the electric machine and power electronics must be considered to increase the system efficiency with respect to the switching frequency or alternative modulation methods. The efficiency optimization is carried out considering various boundary conditions in the electric drive system such as voltage ripple and resonance effects in the high-voltage on-board network. The range of the electric vehicle can be extended by increasing the system efficiency. Or alternatively it is possible to save production costs per vehicle due to the lower battery capacity. At the same time, alternative modulation methods improve the continuous output power of the electric drive system. The losses in the inverter and the harmonic losses in the electric machine are calculated analytically. The analytical electric machine harmonic loss model is validated with finite element simulation for a fixed switching frequency. A system optimal switching frequency is measured and estimated for one operation point at a test bench and compared to the analytic calculated optimal switching frequency.


Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a collection of symptoms due to a gradual decline in the immune system caused by infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This disease is a dangerous disease and should be watched out for where it spreads very quickly. AIDS is one of the top infectious diseases that can cause death. K-Means is an algorithm in data mining that can be used to group / cluster data. There are many approaches to creating clusters, one of which is to create rules that dictate membership in the same group based on the level of equality among its members. The purpose of this study was to classify the number of AIDS cases by province. To solve the existing problems, the authors will use the K-Means cluster method using 2 clusters to determine the province which has the highest cases of AIDS and the province with the lowest cases of AIDS by calculating the centroid / average of the data in the cluster. It is especially recommended that the government take advantage of the results of this research to pay more attention and make efforts in overcoming AIDS in provinces with high AIDS disease.


Background: Prediction of radiotherapy outcomes is usually carried out with the Linear Quadratic model. However, this model does not integrate complex features of tumors, in particular cell cycle regulation. Methods: In this paper, we propose a multiscale model of cancer growth designed upon the genetic and molecular model established for colorectal cancer evolution. The multiscale model includes identified key genes, cellular kinetic, tissue dynamic and macroscopic tumor evolution, and cycle phase-specific radiosensitivity. We use the model to investigate the role of gene-dependant cell cycle regulation in the response of tumors to irradiation therapeutic protocols. Results: Simulation results emphasize the importance of tumor growth features and the need to consider regulation factors such as hypoxia as well as tumor geometry and tissue dynamic in prediction and improvement of radiotherapeutic efficacy. Conclusions: This model provides insights as to how complex biological processes may be coupled to understand colorectal oncogenesis and ultimately will create a better understanding of ways to improve irradiation therapy treatment. Background Research into developing mathematical models of cancer growth has been ongoing for many years now. Gompertzian model [1,2], logistic and power functions have been extensively used to describe tumor growth


This multi-centre, two-armed parallel-group pragmatic randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the effectiveness of a 3-day communication skills course in changing nurses' communication skills. The primary outcome was the change in the nurses' communication skills score from pre-course to 12 weeks post-course. The main secondary outcome was the change in the nurses' level of confidence in communicating with patients. A total of 172 nurses were randomised to the course or control. The communication skills score for the intervention group increased by 3.4 points post-course but decreased in the control by 0.05 points (between-group difference in change: 3.41, 95% CI: 2.16–4.66, P < 0.001). Confidence scores increased by 18.16 points for the intervention group but decreased 0.7 points in the control (between-group difference in change: 18.86, 95% CI: 13.39–24.34, P < 0.001). This RCT contributes to the evidence base on the effectiveness of communication skills training in cancer and palliative care.


Climate change is not only one of the major (economic-)ethical issues of the 21st century; it is also an existential threat for many populations around the world. Yet, climate action and politics – both at the individual, corporate, and government levels – are oftentimes considered to be lagging behind and/or being inadequate and inefficient. What are the main reasons for this so-called 'promise-performance gap' or 'disconnect' and what could be done to overcome this social dilemma? The following paper explores both the ethical and politico-economic aspects and implications of climate change and provides a novel look at climate change from a business- and climate-ethics perspective. It does so by providing, first of all, an overview of the latest research findings of climate science. It examines then the socio-economic and especially the ethical implications of climate change and analyzes the most prevalent socio-economic and political challenges of climate action and politics at the micro (individual), meso (corporate), and macro (governmental) levels. The paper ends with a couple of suggested reform measures that could help to resolve the promise-performance gap and the 'climate (action) dilemma'.


Underwater skirt pile gripper is a kind of hydraulic gripper and it is widely applied in the construction of offshore oil platform.The contact force between the steel pile and pressing block teeth in underwater skirt pile gripper was simulated with ANSYS software based on augmented Lagrange method.The contact force and extruding deformation of pressing block tooth under the practical condition were obtained and compared with theoretical results.The results are close to the theoretical results and meet the needs for engineering.The finite element analysis is useful for the design of the pressing block tooth in underwater skirt pile gripper,which provides theory basis for improving the structure of the pressing block tooth in underwater skirt pile gripper.


The study of race has defined anthropology since its formalization as an academic discipline in the 19th century. The early history of academic anthropology and the wider human sciences is pervaded by efforts to draw a causal link between race and behavior, psychology, culture, or social organization. Enforcing a racial taxonomy in accordance with the system of classification developed by the Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus, anthropologists assigned scientific value to arbitrary racial types. Since the genesis of the discipline, however, the concept of race has been challenged by an expansive roster of scholars in anthropology and the social sciences. To this end, scholars have assembled a vast archive of empirical data in the four traditional subfields of anthropology—sociocultural, linguistic, biological, and archaeological—to disprove biologically deterministic theories of race. Nonetheless, an investment in racial essentialism endures among select professional and popular anthropologists who have revived race as an explanatory mechanism for intelligence, ability, or genetic and biomedical outcomes. In turn, debates continue over the salience of race as an object of anthropological inquiry and analysis. While some harken to earlier anthropological critiques in order to passively dismiss race as a social construction with limited analytical purchase, others have deployed anthropological methods to document and critique the consequences of race as a social construction forged through histories of colonization, racial slavery, and genocide. The anthropology of race, in this respect, remains inextricable from attendant anthropological approaches to racism and the history of racial capitalism.


The interaction energies of 9-methyladenine···1-methylthymine H-bonded and 9-methyladenine···9-methylguanine stacked pairs were evaluated at the MP2 and resolution of the identity MP2 (RI-MP2) levels. The interaction energies are almost identical for both methods. The RI-MP2 method is about one order of magnitude faster than the exact MP2 method and, therefore, this method is well suited for the study of large models of biological importance. The basis set dependence of both base pairs was studied and reasonable relative energy characteristics were obtained only if at least the valence double-ζ-polarisation SVP basis set with modified (diffuse) polarisation functions on non-hydrogen and hydrogen atoms was used. However, reliable absolute stabilisation energies of both base pairs were only obtained if at least the aug-SVP basis set is applied. Stack
 interaction energies and three- and four-body energy terms for selected base-pair steps of B-DNA were calculated for the first time using the RI-MP2 method and the aug-SVP basis set.


In order to investigate the uplift mechanism and reasons of the large deformation for on elevated liquid-storage tank,this paper performs a seismic response analysis with ANSYS under horizontal and vertical loads by building the finite element model of a spherical elevated liquid-storage tank considering the fluid sloshing.The numerical results show that the tensile tank bottom trends to divorce from the foundation and the bottom of the tank uplifts locally due to the effect of lifting moment,thereby the crescent area is caused by the lift of tank bottom.In addition,the elephant foot bulging is in fact the buckling failure caused by the overcritical compression stress rather than the intensity failure.


For a class of homogeneous Cantor sets, we find an explicit formula for their packing dimensions. We then turn our attention to the value of packing measures. The exact value of packing measure for homogeneous Cantor sets has not yet been calculated even though that of Hausdorff measures was evaluated by Qu, Rao and Su in (2001). We give a reasonable lower bound for the packing measures of homogeneous Cantor sets. Our results indicate that duality does not hold between Hausdorff and packing measures.


This research was carried out to investigate the effect of different additives on the physicochemical and sensory attributes of strawberry juice stored at ambient temperature (20-25 o C) for three months. The samples were numbered as, TA12=Strawberry juice (7.5brix) - no preservatives (control) and 0.1% citric acid, TA13=Strawberry juice (7.5brix) with 0.1% sodium benzoate and 0.1% citric acid, TA14=Strawberry juice (7.5brix) with 0.1% potassium sorbate and 0.1% citric acid, TA15=Strawberry juice (7.5brix) with 0.05% sodium benzoate+0.05% potassium sorbate and 0.1% citric acid, TA20=Strawberry juice (30.5brix) - no preservatives (control) and 0.1% citric acid, TA21=Strawberry juice (30.5brix) with 0.1% sodium benzoate and 0.1% citric acid, TA22=Strawberry juice (30.5brix) with 0.1% potassium sorbate and 0.1% citric acid, TA23=Strawberry juice (30.5brix) with 0.05% sodium benzoate+0.05% potassium sorbate and 0.1% citric acid. Maximum increase in total soluble solids (TSS) occurred in TA20 (120%) while minimum change occurred in TA12 (66.67%). Maximum decrease in pH was recorded in TA12 (16.23%) followed by TA20 (12.08%) while minimum decrease was observed in TA23 (7.41%). Maximum increase in titratable acidity was observed in TA12 (127.38%) followed by TA20 (120.00%) while minimum increase was observed in TA23 (92.00%) followed by TA21 (96.00%). Maximum decrease in ascorbic acid was observed in TA12 (65.82%) while minimum decrease was observed in TA23 (40.56%) followed by TA21 (43.23%). Maximum increase in reducing sugar occurred in TA22 (27.82%) followed by TA21 (27.73%) while minimum increase occurred in TA15 (13.10%). Maximum decrease in non reducing sugar was observed in TA20 (90.47%) followed by TA12 (70.42%) while minimum decrease occurred in TA13 (11.26%). On the basis of overall sensory acceptability all the samples were rejected after sometime. Among all the treatments TA12 and TA20 were rejected soon after storage due to spoilage while TA123 followed by TA21 was found most effective but were also rejected after sometime.


The first version of EXPLO5 computer program was made in 1990, and results of calculation using the program were published one year later. Originally, the program was developed for the calculation of detonation parameters of high explosives. Since that time, EXPLO5 is constantly improving. At the moment, EXPLO5 has a graphical user interface for MS-Windows platform. Designed to be easy to operate, the program has the possibility to calculate detonation parameters as well as parameters of state along expansion isentrope. It has non-linear curve fitting program built in to fit relative volume-pressure data along expansion isentrope according to Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) model, enabling the calculation of detonation energy available for performing mechanical work. The calculation of detonation parameters in EXPLO5 is based on the chemical equilibrium, steady-state model of detonation. The calculation of equilibrium composition of detonation products is done in the program by applying modified White, Johnson, and Dantzig' s free energy minimisation technique. The equation system describing mathematically state of equilibrium is solved by applying modified Newton-Raphson method. The program uses Becker-Kistiakowsky-Wilson (BKW) equation of state for gaseous detonation products and Cowan-Fickett' s equation of state for solid carbon. The program is designed so that it enables the calculation of chemical equilibrium composition and thermodynamic parameters of state along shock adiabate of detonation products, CJ state and detonation parameters at the CJ state, as well as parameters of state along the expansion isentrope. So far the program was tested on a series of high explosives having different composition and densities. It was found out that some input parameters in BKW EOS (e.g. values of covolumes of individual detonation products, set of constants, etc.) may significantly influence calculation results. Based on own parameterisation of these parameters, an own set of constants in BKW EOS is found out and used in the program (so-called BKWN set of constants ;  = 0.5,  = 0.176,  = 14.71, and  = 6620). Using this set of constants detonation velocity, pressure, temperature, heat, and energy of detonation may be predicted with the error less than 10 % for the majority of explosives. New significant modification of EXPLO5 is still in progress at the moment. The modification consists of adding the possibility of calculation of combustion performances of explosives, i.e. calculation of equilibrium composition and thermodynamic parameters of combustion products under constant pressure, or constant volume conditions. The pressure and thermodynamic parameters of combustion products are calculated by applying the ideal gas, or virial equation of state. The program may calculate the virial coefficients of individual gaseous species in different manners ; applying analytical equations derived from experimental measurements, and from intermolecular potential equations. Up to know the program was tested on homogeneous propellants (having CHNO composition), and a satisfactory agreement was found with experimental results, as well as with results of calculation by some other computer codes.


In recent years,the problem of pay disparity among faculty in American public universities becomes more and more serious,and many faculty members have to solve the dispute through court.This article probes into how the courts in the U.S.ensure faulty salary equity based on the Equal Pay Act and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.It also discusses how the statistical methods are used in a case.


In this paper,the mechanism of thrust fluctuation of permanent magnet synchronous linear motor(PMSLM) is analyzed and the sequence of significance of these reasons is studied by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(FAHP).It pointes out that the edge effect,thrust ripple,the distribution of permanent magnet and cogging effect are the most important factors.At the same time,facing these main factors,synthetic improvement is made.Experiment results show that the way of how to control and improve the thrust fluctuation of PMSLM is acquired.


Study to this research aim to know evolution of old fellow authority to child of in family Minahasa Sub Etnis Toulour influenced by old fellow age factor and level of chlid independence. Data collecting is done by using questionnaire by 100 responders with caracter is having the character of homogen because reasoning of culture that is same relative. To analyse the data is applied correlation data analysis technique of product moment. Result from this research indicates that factor that is old fellow age(X1) influential to evolution of old fellow authority, where calculate r bigger than table r at level siqnifikansi 1% with N = 100 is 0.734 bigger than table r 0.256. And so do result obtained from factor child independence that is 0994 at level siqnifikansi 1% with N = 100 is bigger than table r that is 0.994> 0.256. From both the variables that is old fellow age (X1) and variable child independence(X2), hence stronger of the rapport with evolution of old fellow authority is independence variable of child of that is equal (0.994) compared to old fellow age variable (0.734). Result of this research indicates that independence of child and old fellow age hardly closely related with evolution of old fellow authority to chlid. strong Motivation and desire for the agenda of exploitation of resource man is a real factor determines someone capacities as Caplow arises that resource-resource and power increases with children age factor in family. He anticipates that when children to develop resource and skills hence their power in families increases. Power of young clan increasing potency happened evolution because they to start feels that they have ability which can do x'self same as old fellow to do. On the contrary according to Caplow tells that resources and power starts decreasing along that is fellow age old fellow who according to Ihromi that entering senescense means enters life with physical which the endurance and function declines. The thing hereinafter will bring evolutions in the relation of the social, good withthe children and brothers and sisters, and also the friends. Thereby that good of old fellow age variable and independence variable of child of having a real strong rapport to evolution of old fellow authority to child of in to child of in family t Minahasa Sub Etnis Toulour.


Turnover is one of the most important aspects considered and discussed currently in the planning of human resources. Nevertheless, there are few studies involving the subject in public institutions, mainly universities. Accordingly, the university administration is faced the challenge of ensuring investment for managing your servers. Given the above, the overall objective of the research is to analyze the teacher turnover campus Catalao (CAC) of the Federal University of Goias, a campus outside headquarters, located in Catalao, southeastern Goias. The outline of the study was between January 2006 and October 2013. Regarding the nature, research is applied and, in relation to the objectives, has descriptive character. For this study, a qualitative approach was adopted as a method of procedure the case study, using the technique desk research for analysis of documents provided by the institution. The results reveal a high turnover rate of teachers from the Department of Administration/CAC reaching 33% annually and 90% consider the whole period. The lack of human resources policy in CAC is a critical issue that deserves special attention. The study does not pretend to exhaust the subject in question, the interest is to serve as a basis for future research.


Production and consumption patterns of sorghum and millet in Asia have changed
significantly in the last decade. While food use is declining, non-food or industrial
uses are on the increase. This has implications on crop production and marketing
with the entry of private industry in coarse cereal economies. This paper highlights
the recent trends in the production, consumption and trade of sorghum and millet
and spells out the need for a stronger coalition of sector stakeholders as a way of
developing the non-food market by effectively linking farmers with new sources of
demand for these crops.


ABSTRACT This article examines the politics of vision and invisibility in Aboriginal Deaths in Custody and Coronial Inquests into deaths in custody. Ms. Dhu, a 22-year-old Yamatji woman, died in police custody in August 2014, in South Hedland, Western Australia, after being locked up for unpaid fines. Ms. Dhu's final hours were captured by CCTV cameras built into South Hedland's Police Station and Hospital, and that footage played a central role in the inquest into Ms. Dhu's death. The article presents an account of the Coronial Inquest into Ms. Dhu's death – examining both the footage and the manner of its presentation – to argue that the inquest was a contested theatre of power for the imposition of colonial patriarchy and settler sovereignty. But it also suggests that the modes of seeing Ms. Dhu can be transformed from a politics of neglect and carceral control to an ethos of care, community-building, decolonization, and decarceration, with ties stretching across Australia and to the Black Lives Matter, Say Her Name, and Idle No More movements in North America.


DNA of human spermatozoa can be subject to various kinds of modifications acquired throughout life. Put simply, two basic types of acquired sperm DNA modifications can be distinguished: genetic and epigenetic. Genetic modifications cause alterations of the DNA sequence and mainly result from the formation of breakpoints leading to sperm DNA fragmentation. Epigenetic modifications include a vast spectrum of events that influence the expression of different genes without altering their DNA sequence. Both the genetic and the epigenetic modifications of sperm DNA can negatively influence embryonic development, cause miscarriages, and be the origin of different health problems for the offspring. As to sperm DNA fragmentation, reliable diagnostic methods are currently available. On the other hand, the detection of potentially harmful epigenetic modifications in spermatozoa is a much more complicated issue. Different treatment options can be chosen to solve problems associated with sperm DNA fragmentation. Some are relatively simple and noninvasive, based on oral treatments with antioxidants and other agents, depending on the underlying cause. In other cases, the recourse to different micromanipulation-assisted in vitro fertilisation techniques is necessary to select spermatozoa with minimal DNA damage to be injected into oocytes. The treatment of cases with epigenetic DNA modifications is still under investigation. Preliminary data suggest that some of the techniques used in cases of extensive DNA fragmentation can also be of help in those of epigenetic modifications; however, further progress will depend on the availability of more reliable diagnostic methods with which it will be possible to evaluate the effects of different therapeutic interventions.


Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects (MCEs) of the intermetallic RNiIn (R = Gd-Er) compounds have been investigated in detail. GdNiIn and ErNiIn compounds exhibit a ferromagnetic (FM) to paramagnetic (PM) transition around the respective Curie temperatures. However, it is found that RNiIn with R = Tb, Dy, and Ho undergo two successive magnetic phase transitions with increasing temperature. In addition, a field-induced metamagnetic transition from antiferromagnetic (AFM) to FM states is observed in RNiIn with R = Tb and Dy below their respective AFM-FM transition temperatures (Tt). The maximal values of magnetic entropy change (ΔSM) of HoNiIn are –9.5 J/kg K at Tt = 7 K and –21.7 J/kg K at TC = 20 K for a magnetic field change of 5 T, respectively. These two successive ΔSM peaks overlap partly, giving rise to a high value of refrigerant capacity (RC = 341 J/kg at 5 T) over a wide temperature span. It is noted that the RC value of GdNiIn is as high as 326 J/kg due to the relatively broad distribut...


Recently collectée material of two Claraia taxa, Claraia zhiyunica Yang et al, 2001 and Claraia sp. nov. from the Late Permian of South China, are described. Late Permian Claraia species are compared with those from the Early Triassic, and the survival of Claraia across the mass extinction period across the Permian- Triassic boundary (PTB) is discussed.


Purpose – To identify some psychological and social variables that could enhance employees' adoption of total quality management (TQM) in an organization that chooses to implement the management philosophy.Design/methodology/approach – A survey research was conducted, using 418 middle management staff, randomly drawn from some TQM and non‐TQM courier organizations in Nigeria. Respondents received standardized scales measuring perception of their leaders' leadership styles, organizational reward system and self‐report of personality attributes (psychological variables), along with items measuring gender, age, job tenure and level of education (social variables). They also responded to questionnaire items measuring the extent to which they practice TQM.Findings – Correlation analysis show that higher level of maintenance leadership style along with lower level of performance leadership style, low levels of extraversion and neuroticism, higher level of education and shorter job tenure enhance subordinates' p...


This paper explores the adequacy of the Functional Lexematic Model (FLM) for the description and interpretation of bound lexical units with a special insight into the cognitive mechanisms underlying locative prefixation in English. The basic claim here will be that the FLM constitutes an adequate framework for the treatment of morphology as a dynamic rather than as a static encapsulated phenomenon in language and that, with the incorporation of a cognitive axis, the FLM facilitates access to the underlying properties and the structure of the lexicon.


Based on observational data, we studied the spatial structure of relation of the sea surface temperature and upper 100- meter ocean layer heat contents with variations in geomagnetic activity. It has been shown that geomagnetic activity contributes significantly to the total temperature variability on time scales greater than 12 months. The enhanced temperature response to geomagnetic activity is observed in regions of surface ocean currents for the periods of the solar poloidal field negative polarity. Variations of the solar poloidal field are the essential factor impacting climatic characteristics. This impact is underconsidered in geomagnetic indices describing activity of the Earth's magnetic field that is basically related to dynamic processes on the Sun.


Background: Cultural competency is particularly important in healthcare industry nowadays, where cultural beliefs have a significant impact on care access, treatment choices, effectiveness of nursing care, and other aspects of patient care. This study aimed to explore the level of cultural competency and the factors affecting the cultural competency of nurses, from two medium-size private hospitals in Bangkok, Thailand with similarity in therapeutic specialties and other characteristics in three categories: multi-cultural knowledge, attitude towards different cultures and cultural practice in nurses. Methods: This was cross sectional study by interviewing 166 nurses in two hospitals of Bangkok in December 2014. The samples were selected using proportional simple random sampling (SRS) method.  The data was collected using a validated, piloted and reliable self-administered questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS 16.0 using descriptive statistics, regression and Chi-square analyses. Results: The analysis showed that the overall level of cultural competency of nurses was classified as low to moderate (75.9% of all nurses scored low multicultural knowledge competency while 63.3% and 71.7% of all nurses scored moderate attitude towards different cultures and cultural practice respectively). It was found that knowledge of different cultures was affected by responsibility, age and level of confidence of the nurses ( p < .05) while attitude towards different cultures was affected by work shift, level of confidence and marital status of the nurses ( p < .05). Further study showed that the level of confidence in communication and nursing care towards foreign patients and the level of attitude towards foreign patients significantly associated with the quality of cultural practice ( p < .05). It was found that level of confidence and attitude had positive correlation with the cultural practice. Conclusions: Study has concluded that the good quality of cultural practice was primarily driven by the positive confidence and attitude while the expedience factors, level of knowledge and other background marginally affected the quality of cultural practice.


This paper presents a simulation platform that exploits the scalability properties of network simulator-2 (ns-2) for the discrete-event simulation of a telecommunication network, and adopts the open source tool Octave for the discrete-time implementation of adaptive antenna arrays. The physical antenna system, the beamforming algorithm, and the multipath statistic are modeled in detail to accurately estimate the Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) at each receiving node. This study describes the methods that can be used to interface Octave with ns-2 and compares the developed solution to an existing one, based on the proprietary tool MATLAB, discussing the advantages and disadvantages that characterize the two platforms.


The administrative inspections of hospitals, the mode of supply, shipment and the inventory of sanitary materials and pharmaceuticals, performed by SEYYP inspectors ensure the orderly and effective function of agents offering health and welfare services


In this article, we discuss methodologies to extend computational semantic lexicons in a cost effective way using on-line language resources and savoir faire. First, we introduce the ecology of computational semantic lexicon acquisition, presenting two main methodologies: thesaurus-driven versus corpus-driven. Second, we describe an experiment to extend a semantics-based core lexicon with paradigmatic relations and predict the syntactic behavior of verbs based on their semantics; the automatically derived subcategorizations are first checked against corpora and then manually filtered. These lexicons have been developed within Mikrokosmos, a semantics-based machine translation system.


The gradual release type - slump retentive polymer, which is the crosslinking water soluble polymer (C-PC) produced by crosslinking the polycarboxylate type water reducing polymer with polyethylene glycol pendant (PC) at alkaline hydrolytic points, is proposed. We found that firstly the crosslinking reaction proceeds so fast at 90-95 °C while polymer chains get entangled each other, secondly C-PC obtained decreases its molecular weight in a cement-water system until it goes back to "PC", due to an alkaline hydrolysis of crosslinking points, and as a result C-PC shows excellent slump retention for a long time. Still more we discuss the manufacturing methods for C-PC in detail.


Bitcoin is a currency and a digital system. As currency serves for everything that any currency serves, without belonging to a government entity that issues and supports it, is based entirely on the digital system that was designed by its creator, Satoshi Nakamoto. The Bitcoin does not belong to any country or government; and since its creator is anonymous and decided that his invention was a free license, it does not belong to any individual or private company. Also, those who keep their platform running are the users themselves. Investing in bitcoins is precisely the same as making investments with other currencies; the principles are basic: buy cheap and sell expensive and with it is possible to obtain again, but in the case of digital currency there are important considerations because it is a virtual currency. The first of these is its volatility. The price of a bitcoin fluctuates several times during the day in greater magnitude than other currencies or stocks, which is a risk for most, but an opportunity for speculators who know their markets. In this work, an estimation of the success of this cryptocurrency was made in the next ten years. A complete mathematical analysis is shown based on time series.


The generalized Kronecker-δ sign has many applications to the calculation of skew symmetric tensor.It always can make the calculation simplier.This paper researches the properties of the Kronecker-δ sign and gives some applications.


In recent years a new risk for Earth-orbiting spacecraft started to emerge: space debris.
This term describes any man-made object in orbit around Earth that no longer has a useful purpose.
The present work describes measurement techniques for assessing and reducing the risk posed by Micrometeoroid and Orbital Debris (MMOD) to space vehicles.

The main research areas are:

• Impacts phenomenology, risk assessment methodology, and design methods;
• Experimental methods (i.e. acceleration techniques and diagnostic instrumentation);
• Engineering models (i.e. measurements of the effects of the MMOD and derivation of damage equations).

Related to these areas, the objectives and personal contributions are presented regarding:

• Hypervelocity facility developments, i.e. improvements of the CISAS (Center of Studies and Activities for Space) 'G. Colombo' two stage light gas gun (LGG) and a design study about 2 single stage LGGs, for the CISAS HVI (hypervelocity impacts) facility and for the Cranfield University, UK;
• Experimental activity for impacts' study, where instruments for the ejecta characterization and the primary impact detection were developed;
• Derivation of damage equations, this led to the definition of new Ballistic Limit Equations statistically based that give a new scenario for MMOD shields' design in the future. These equations are developed to define impact conditions (i.e. particle size, particle density, impact velocity, and impact angle) that result in threshold failure of specific spacecraft components or subsystems.

The main objectives of the research were met and they led to the:

• Gasdynamical study and sabot stopping system design for a new CISAS single stage Light Gas Gun;
• Impact chamber and sabot stopping system design for the Cranfield University (UK) single stage LGG;
• High pressure section and supporting structure design for a new CISAS two stage LGG;

• Design and evolution of an instrument for ejecta characterization;
• Design of an instrument for primary impact measurements;

• Development of a methodology to derive damage predictor equations statistically based for Cosmo-Skymed satellites ;
• Development of a methodology to derive ballistic limit equations statistically based for inflatable structures.


The aim of this paper is to examine the way conceptual metaphors in George Orwell"s Animal Farm contribute to the elaboration of the main theme of the novel: the destructive power of totalitarianism and the ultimate corruption of this power. This novel is prevailed by many strong metaphors which at the same time give an artistic value to this novel and represent the main elements of totalitarianism in the most realistic way, which was very interesting for me as a reader. Decoding the meaning of those metaphors means decoding the message of the novel in overall. Such study of metaphors seemed to me important especially after reading the author"s continuous references to them in his essays. In his essay [11] Orwell stated that he considers metaphors as potential contributors to the aesthetic value of a text and that Animal Farm is the first book in which he tried "with full consciousness of what he was doing to fuse political and artistic purpose into one whole". The whole paper is specifically based on this statement of him: in analyzing the way he managed to fuse these two elements by giving a clear image and criticism for the Soviet Union through using animals as images and conceptual metaphors of the most significant figures of that system. Animal Farm is itself a metaphor of the totalitarian system or the Soviet Union respectively, the pigs represent a metaphor for the authorities of the society and each of the other characters in the work implicitly serve as metaphors for other instances as well. Even the events and their actions have relevance in historical context. Thus, analyzing these aspects is the main purpose of this study. -----------------------------------------------------------------------* Corresponding author. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) (2019) Volume 48, No 1, pp 93-100


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to stress the role that several defective theories or views of the world played in generating the subprime financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach - This is done by describing these views, showing that they were widely held by relevant decision makers, and by analyzing the flaws in these views. A considerable amount of literature is surveyed in the process. Findings - It was found that these defective views did play a major role in generating the crisis. Research limitations/implications - Implications of the analysis for future research are discussed. Practical implications - Implications of the analysis for reform of private and public sector financial policies are discussed. Originality/value - While most of the arguments in the paper are not new, no paper of which the author is aware pulls them together with the same emphasis on how faulty mental models interacted with dangerous incentive structures to play a prime role in generating the crisis. The paper also references a much wider range of literature on the crisis than any study of which the author is aware. The paper should be of value to any one interested in the causes of the crisis and ways to make future crises less likely.


Background: This study aimed to identify trends in domestic research and conduct a meta-analysis of studies investigating the effects of non-pharmacological interventions targeting domestic problem drinkers. The objectives were to synthesize and analyze the results of these studies, while evaluating potential bias and estimating effect size.Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched five domestic databases (RISS, KISS, DBpia, KoreaMed, and Science ON) for journals and theses published until July 2022. Researchers independently assessed study quality using Cochrane RoB 2 or ROBINS-I.Results: Of the 307 studies extracted, 12 were included in systematic review. The meta-analysis included 11 studies on problem drinking and 8 on alcohol abstinence self-efficacy. Random effects models were used for analysis, given the heterogeneity among the studies. Non-pharmacological interventions effectively reduced problem drinking (g=−1.22, 95% CI: −1.69 to −0.75, p<.001) and enhanced alcohol abstinence self-efficacy (g=1.16, 95% CI: 0.54 to 1.79, p<.001).Conclusions: Non-pharmacological intervention programs targeting problem drinkers effectively reduced problem drinking and enhanced alcohol abstinence self-efficacy. This study provides valuable evidence for developing and implementing such programs for problem drinkers.


This paper studies the effects of various ground conditions on whole body specific absorption rate (SAR) calculations. As part of ongoing research assessing human exposure in the near-field of BBC World Service HF transmitter sites, the work in this paper considers how different modelling implementations of ground conditions alter the calculated whole body SAR for a human standing within a vertically or horizontally polarised 6 MHz electric field. The models of a heterogeneous human phantom developed for this paper are compared to, and extend, results previously published by the UK Healthy Protection Agency (HPA).


OVERVIEW OF VIRTUAL NATIONAL LABORATORY OBJECTIVES, PLANS, AND PROJECTS* B. G. Logan, 1 C. M. Celata, 1 J. W. Kwan, 1 E. P. Lee, 1 M. Leitner, 1 P.A Seidl, 1 S. S. Yu 1 J. J. Barnard, 2 A. Friedman, 2 W. R. Meier 2 R. C. Davidson 3 1. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA 2. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA 3. Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA ABSTRACT Significant experimental and theoretical progress has been made in the U.S. heavy ion fusion program on high-current sources, transport, and focusing. Currents over 200 mA have been transported through a matching section and 10 half-lattice periods with electric quadrupoles. An experiment shows control of high beam current with an aperture, while avoiding secondary electrons. New theory and simulations of the neutralization of intense beam space charge with plasma in various focusing chamber configurations predict that near-emittance-limited beam focal spot sizes can be obtained even with beam perveance (ratio of beam space potential to ion energy) >10 x higher than in earlier HIF focusing experiments. Progress in a new focusing experiment with plasma neutralization up to 10 -3 perveance, and designs for a next-step experiment to study beam brightness evolution from source to target are described. particle accelerators of MJ-beam energy scale have exhibited intrinsic efficiencies, pulse rates, power levels, and longevity required for IFE, and (e) the clear- bore magnets used to focus heavy ions should tolerate target debris and can be well-shielded to target neutron and gamma radiation (Peterson). For U.S. HIF driver research based on induction linacs, the main new challenge is accelerating, transporting and focusing intense heavy ion beams with high line-charge density (of order 0.1 µC/m at injection to >10 µC/m at final focus with associated high space-charge beam potentials of > 1 kV to 100 kV, respectively). Heavy ion fusion driver research in the U.S. is carried out primarily under the auspices of the Heavy Ion Fusion Virtual National Laboratory (HIF-VNL) by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), closely coupled to other HIF beam science research carried out by the University of Maryland, Mission Research Corporation, and the University of Missouri. Heavy ion fusion-related chamber and target development is carried out through the Virtual Laboratory for Technology (VLT) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, General Atomics, Sandia National Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, and the University of California at Berkeley, San Diego and Los Angeles. 1. INTRODUCTION Demonstration of inertial fusion ignition and energy gain in the laboratory is expected with the National Ignition Facility (NIF), which will provide the scientific basis for the target physics for inertial fusion energy (IFE). In addition, IFE will require development of efficient and affordable drivers, mass-produced high-gain targets, and long-life, low-activation chambers for 5 to 10 Hz pulse rates. Heavy-ion accelerator-driven power plants are an attractive IFE approach because (a) published HIF target designs exist with more than adequate gain, and 2-D hydrostability (see paper by Callahan), (b) thick-liquid protected chambers (see paper by Peterson) are compatible with indirect-drive illumination geometry, (c) cryo-fuel capsules injected into hot chambers are protected within hohlraums (see paper by Goodin), (d) high energy 2. CURRENT HIF DRIVER RESEARCH Particle-in-cell simulations are in good agreement with past low current (mA level) beam experiments in transport (T IEFENBACK 1986, F AWLEY et al. 1997, S EIDL et al. 1998) and focusing (M AC L AREN et al.2002) in which the dimensionless beam perveance


Using the Boyden chamber invasion assay, the effect of la,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [la,25(OH)2D3] on the invasiveness of the highly invasive, oestrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was examined. The MDA-MB-231 cells were shown to contain high-affinity receptors for la,25(OH)2D 3 with a


A digital signal processing system for the X‐ray microcalorimeter array (SXS) is being developed for the next Japanese X‐ray astronomy satellite, ASTRO‐H. The SXS digital signal processing system evaluates each pulse by an optimal filtering process. For the ASTRO‐H project, we decided to employ digital electronics hardware, which includes a digital I/O board based upon FPGAs, and a separate CPU board. It is crucially important for the FPGA to be able to detect the presence of an "secondary" pulses on the tail of an initial pulse. In order to detect the contaminating pulses, we have developed a new finite impulse response filter, to compensate for the undershoot in the derivative. By employing the filter it is possible for FPGA to detect the secondary pulse very close the first pulse, and to reduce the load of the CPU in the secondary pulse searching process.


As is known, the vibration fiber grid dust collector works on the two dimensional motion of the airflow and the vibration of the fiber grid. The wake of the airflow around the fiber is considered as a two dimensional motion. With the vortex shedding within the whole span of the fiber shed at the same frequency at the same time ( Re 40), thus producing the synchronization effect. The present paper has made an analysis of the working principle of the vortex shedding which leads to the resonation of fiber. The frequency of the vertex shedding helps to build the synchronous domino effect with the intrinsic frequency of the fiber, which causes the fibers in the grid to vibrate resonantly. The resonating response of the fiber to the swing can be calculated by using the Navier Stokes equation in the controlling superposition method. The results of the calculation are compared with the experimental data, which shows that the two values are nearly concurrent when the frequency is identical with the intrinsic frequency of the fiber (Fig. 4). Thus, the present paper has concluded that the resonation swing response of the fiber is related to a lot of factors, including the intrinsic frequency, damping ratio, the frequency of the vortex shedding ( Sr ) and the force of fluid. Without the force of fluid, the resonation swing response of the fiber can be calculated with equation (17), which indicates the swing varies in a range from 0.3 to 0.5.


Significance Type III protein secretion systems are essential virulence factors for many bacterial pathogens. Cryo-electron microscopy has provided important details about the architecture and molecular organization of the type III secretion machine in isolation or in fixed samples. However, little information is available about the organization of the type III secretion machine and its individual substructures in live bacteria. Using 2D and 3D single-molecule switching superresolution microscopy, we have visualized individual type III secretion machines in live bacteria and obtained unique insight into the assembly and function of these machines. These studies bridge a major resolution gap in the visualization of type III secretion machines and may serve as a paradigm for the examination of other bacterially encoded molecular machines. Type III protein secretion machines have evolved to deliver bacterially encoded effector proteins into eukaryotic cells. Although electron microscopy has provided a detailed view of these machines in isolation or fixed samples, little is known about their organization in live bacteria. Here we report the visualization and characterization of the Salmonella type III secretion machine in live bacteria by 2D and 3D single-molecule switching superresolution microscopy. This approach provided access to transient components of this machine, which previously could not be analyzed. We determined the subcellular distribution of individual machines, the stoichiometry of the different components of this machine in situ, and the spatial distribution of the substrates of this machine before secretion. Furthermore, by visualizing this machine in Salmonella mutants we obtained major insights into the machine's assembly. This study bridges a major resolution gap in the visualization of this nanomachine and may serve as a paradigm for the examination of other bacterially encoded molecular machines.


A total of 323 strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae were collected from six pear orchards in the Mid-Columbia region of Oregon and Washington from 1989 through 1992. Of all strains of P s. pv. syringae, 8, 25, 75, and 99% did not grow on modified casitone-yeast extract-glycerol medium amended with 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mM CuSO 4 , respectively. Strains of P. s. pv. syringae resistant to 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg of oxytetracycline per ml were recovered from six, three, two, and one of the six orchards, respectively. Nevertheless, over 70 and 90% of the strains in all six orchards were sensitive to 50 and 250 μg of oxytetracycline per ml, respectively. Strains of P. s. pv. syringae resistant to 50 and 500 μg of streptomycin per ml were found in six and four of six orchards, respectively. Twenty-five strains were resistant to both copper (1 mM) and streptomycin (100 μg/ml), and three of those were resistant to copper, streptomycin, and oxytetracycline (250 μg/ml). To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating resistance of strains of P s. pv. syringae to copper, streptomycin, and oxytetracycline. Resistance correlated positively to the antibiotic spray programs in the orchards.


The effect of recanalization of the "infarct vessel" on left ventricular (LV) function was assessed 6–8 weeks after acute myocardial infarction (MI) in two groups: patients who had streptokinaseinduced recanalization during the acute phase and control patients who had spontaneous recanalization. The ejection fraction and severity of LV wall motion abnormalities in 100 patients with recanalization were compared with those in 78 patients with persistent occlusion of the infarct vessel. Among patients with inferior MI, LV function was significantly better in those with spontaneous (n = 41, p < 0.05) and streptokinase-induced recanalization (n = 15, p < 0.02) than in those with persistent occlusion of the infarct vessel (n = 40) in the control group. The LV function was equally good in patients with spontaneous and streptokinase-induced recanalization. Among anterior MI patients, LV function was significantly better in those with streptokinase-induced recanalization (n = 10) than in those with spontaneous recanalization (n = 34, p < 0.01) or persistent occlusion in the control group (n = 28, p < 0.001). We conclude that recanalization has a beneficial effect on LV function in patients with MI.


In its 2001 "White Book of Defense", Japan described and commented on China's military power, which shows that Japan has considered China to be an object of defense and a country with latent threats. China is rising in the position of Japan's security strategy. Such a tendency also indicates that Japan has realized the changes and will make certain adjustments in its policies towards contemporary international situations, the security in East-Asia area and national powers in countries like China, Japan and Russia. Particularly, it represents Japan's policy of taking precautions against China, which will exert a negative influence on the future relationship between China and Japan.


In this work, we present symmetric metal-insulator-metal bipolar memristors based on room-temperature deposition of charged titanium-oxide nanoparticles formed in vacuum by a physical process. One of the most striking features of these devices is that they do not require a forming step, which is to be related to protrusions of the top electrode material inside the intrinsically porous nanoparticle films. Furthermore, we report that deposition under substrate biasing conditions strongly affects the structural and electrical properties of the produced titanium oxide nanoparticle films including their bipolar switching behaviour.


EDITOR—Many voluntary sector initiatives offer community support, but we are aware that not all those who need help are ready to receive it. The Amalthea Project, discussed by Grant et al, was developed to bridge this gap by facilitating access to the voluntary sector from primary care.1 Grant et al's evaluation of this project makes a real contribution, measuring both the benefit to patients with psychosocial problems and the costs of such projects.

Grant et al confirmed that using referrals facilitators results in both clinical …


Several themes in Wirth's "Urbanism as a Way of Life" generate the prediction that alcohol use (versus nonuse) will be more widespread among residents of urban areas. Multiple regression analysis of data from two recent national polls (1966, 1968) reveals support for this prediction. With eight other key sociological variables simultaneously controlled, the greater the urbanism of a community (measured in terms of community size), the greater the proportion of alcohol users it contains. To make certain that this association is due to urban conditions (as opposed to merely the absence of rural forces which encourage abstinence), the effects of rural forces are reduced by omitting the most rural categories of the community size measure of urbanism, and the data are reexamined. The association still persists, basically because of the larger proportion of middle to upper status, white, and Protestant alcohol users in the more urban areas.