Amines with
functional groups are widely used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals,
agricultural chemicals, polymers, and surfactants; so far, amines are mostly
produced via petrochemical routes, which motivates the
sustainable production of amines from renewable resources, such as
biomass. Unfortunately, the reductive amination of biomass-derived platforms is
now suffering from challenges, e.g. poor selectivity and
carbon balances, because of the restriction of homogenous catalyst. For this
reason, we developed an eco-friendly, simplified, and highly effective procedure
for the preparation of non-toxic heterogeneous catalyst based on the earth-abundant
metals (i.e., cobalt), whose catalytic activity on furfural or other biomass-derived
platforms were proved to be broadly available. The corresponding conversion rate
and few of side products were also determined so as to optimized the reaction
conditions, suggesting that the prepared cobalt-supported catalyst enables easy
substitution of –NH2 moiety towards functionalized and structurally
diverse molecules, even under very mild industrially viable and scalable
conditions. More surprisingly, the cobalt-supported catalyst could also be expediently
recycled by magnetic bar and still remained the excellent catalytic activity
after reusing up to eight times; on another hands, the gram-scale reductive
amination catalyzed by the same catalyst exhibited the similar yield of target
products in comparison to its smaller scale, which was comparable to the
reported heterogeneous noble-based catalysts. And also, results from a series
of analytic technologies involving XRD, XPS, TEM/Mapping and in-suit FTIR revealed that the structural
features of catalyst are closely in relation to its catalytic mechanisms; in
simple terms, the outer graphitic shell is activated by the
electronic interaction between the inner metallic nanoparticles
and the carbon layer as well as the induced charge redistribution.
In conclusion, this newly developed catalysts enable the synthesis of amines
from biomass-derived platforms with satisfied selectivity and carbon balance,
providing a cost-effective and sustainable access to the widely application of reductive
amination.


The invention provides a water-in-water multicolor paint and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of preparation of paints. The paint comprises the following materials by mass: 5-15% of water, 30-35% of silicone-acrylic emulsion, 20-30% of white lacquer, 20-30% of protective colloid system, 0.5-1.5% of film-forming additive, 0.5-1% of defoaming agent, 0.1-0.5% of stabilizing agent and defined amount of thickening agent. The water-in-water multicolor paint is obtained through protective colloid system preparation, granulation and finished product processing. The prepared water-in-water multicolor paint has the advantages of environmental friendliness, stable product, convenience in spraying, brilliant color, lifelike effect and the like. Combination of tap water and the stabilizing agent HG-7 breaks the limitation that the water-in-water paint has to use deionized water, thus lowering the production cost. The paint is convenient for construction and can be sprayed up once by using a spray gun, thus not only saving labor but also shortening the construction period.


In clinical practice, men with suspicion of prostate cancer are offered multiparametric MRI followed by a systematic and/or a targeted prostate biopsy. The PRECISION trial identified that MRI prior to prostate biopsy could identify targetable lesions, leading to a higher proportion of men diagnosed with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) and a lower incidence of clinically insignificant disease. This trial has changed practice for many urologists and resulted in men either avoiding a prostate biopsy or proceeding to a targeted biopsy with a superior diagnostic yield.


To find a lasting solution to the issue of low student registrations in remote areas for technical programs, a team of researchers experimented with the concept of Networking Colleges. This concept consists in networking remote colleges using ITC for distance collaboration and the sharing of expertise and resources among teachers. The CBAM (Concern Based Adoption Model) model was used to account for the adoption of distance collaboration by the teachers involved, using a mixed strategy based on questionnaires and interviews. Results show that only a limited number of teachers did reach the advanced stages of distance collaboration. They tend to confirm the characteristics of the first stages of the CBAM model, and show that the main factors to consider are technological factors, factors relating to teaching administration, as well as pedagogical, individual, socio-affective and group factors.


Stochastic nature-inspired population-based algorithms have attracted a huge community of researchers and practioners for who use them for optimization purposes. The implications of using the methods are almost unlimited. Most of these nature-inspired algorithms are inspired by the biological principles of behavior of various animals living in nature. In our opinion, a lot of research has turned in the wrong direction recently. Instead of improving existing algorithms, they have been proposing the new algorithms discontinuously. Unfortunately, most of these so called "new nature-inspired algorithms" are actually modifications of already known algorithms hidden behind the pompous metaphor-based inspiration. In this theoretically oriented paper, we propose a universal framework of stochastic nature-inspired population-based algorithms that try to unify the more real-coded evolutionary and swarm intelligence based algorithms under the same umbrella. In line with this, a domain-specific embedded language is proposed that enables a generation of the more important stochastic real-coded nature-inspired population-based algorithms on the one hand, and creation of the new ones on the other hand. Consequently, this approach proves that the gap between the nature-inspired algorithms is actually not so big as seems at the first sight.


The health benefits associated with consumption of prebiotic and probiotics have
made it more preferable than conventional food products. Extraction of prebiotics
from local plant materials are associated with low yield; therefore, the aim of this
research is to study the effects of solvents on extraction yield and biochemical
composition of soluble polysaccharides from palm kernel cake (PKC) and coconut
kernel cake (CKC) that could have prebiotics potential. The specific objectives are,
(i) To extract and characterized soluble polysaccharides from palm kernel cake and
coconut kernel cake (ii) To determined the non-digestibility of the extracted soluble
polysaccharides on artificial human gastric juice and alpha amylase and, (iii) To
evaluate the prebiotics potential on Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 and
Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 in-vitro. Towards achieving these objectives,
three different solvents namely water, citric acid and NaOH were employed to
extract soluble polysaccharide from PKC and CKC. The chemical properties of the
extracted soluble polysaccharides which include total carbohydrates, protein content,
solubility rate, monosaccharides composition, structural information and thermal
properties were determined. The extracted soluble polysaccharides were further
subjected to digestibility test using artificial human gastric juice and alpha amylase.
Their prebiotic potential was determined on Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014
and Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 as probiotics strains in-vitro.
It was observed that, there were significant differences (P<0.05) among the crude
polysaccharides extracted with the three different solvents. In both PKC and CKC,
NaOH had the highest percentage polysaccharides yield (8.73 and 2.90%), whereas
the lowest percentage yield of soluble polysaccharide obtained was recorded using
hot water in both PKC and CKC. The soluble polysaccharides obtained from PKC
and CKC, (PKCSP) and (CKCSP) respectively, were found to contain a considerable
percentage composition of total carbohydrates 57.11%, 56.94% and 50.95% for water, citric acid and NaOH in PKC samples. In CKC, the total percentage
carbohydrate composition for water, citric acid and NaOH were 55.26%, 42.56% and
43.46% respectively, with traces of proteins ranging from 0.39 to 0.72% in all the
soluble polysaccharides. The extracted crude polysaccharides from both PKC and
CKC were found to be highly soluble with an average solubility rate of 98%. There
was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the solubility rate of PKCSP and
CKCSP in all solvents extracts.The polysaccharides of both PKCSP and CKCSP
composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, arabinose with traces of rhamnose and
xylose as revealed by GC-FID. The highest monosaccharaides contents were glucose
in CKCSP (78%) and mannose in PKCSP (64%) in water and citric acid as extracts
respectively. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the polysaccharides extracts were
linked together by β and α-glycosidic bonds with absorption bands at around 1072
cm-1 and 888 cm-1, with traces of protein in water extracts at around 1534 cm-
1.Thermal analysis revealed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) showed the
main degradation temperature of both polysaccharides at around 120 °C to 130 °C.
PKCSP and CKCSP were found to be highly resistance (>96%) when subjected to
artificial human gastric juice. There was no significant differences (P>0.05) of the
percentage hydrolysis observed from non-digestibility tests on artificial human
gastric juice among the tested polysaccharides extracts. The prebiotics potentials of
the polysaccharides on probiotics in-vitro revealed an increase in growth of
Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103
with decrease in the pH of the medium, indicating that short chain fatty acid (SCFA)
were produced at the end of the incubation period when compared with the fructooligosaccharides
(FOS) control. It can be concluded that soluble polysaccharides
from PKC and CKC were highly resistance to artificial human gastric juice and were
able to increase the growth of the tested probiotics in-vitro. It can be concluded that,
the highest yield of soluble polysaccharides was obtained when NaOH was used as
an extracting solvent. But this extract exhibited lower percentage of
monosaccharides composition as compared to water and citric acid extracts in both
PKC and CKC samples. In general, results from this study demonstrated that soluble
polysaccharides obtained from PKC and CKC could be used as potential prebiotics.


Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a great potential threat to people who deal with explosive devices. Protection from TBI has attracted more and more interest. Great efforts have been taken to the studies on the understanding of the propagation of the blast events and its effect on TBI. However, one of the biggest challenges is that the current available pressure sensors are not fast enough to capture the blast wave especially the transient period. This paper reports an ultrafast pressure sensor that could be very useful for analysis of the fast changing blast signal. The sensor is based on Fabry-Perot (FP) principle. It uses a 45º angle polished fiber sitting in a V-groove on a silicon chip. The endface of the angle polished fiber and the diaphragm which is lifted off on the side wall of the V-groove form the FP cavity. The sensor is very small and can be mounted on different locations of a helmet to measure blast pressure simultaneously. The tests were conducted at Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center (NSRDEC) in Natick, MA. The sensors were mounted in a shock tube, side by side with the reference sensors, to measure a rapidly increased pressure. The results demonstrated that our sensors' responses agreed well with those from the electrical reference sensors and their response time is comparable.


The present invention relates to a light weight by using perlite, insulation, thermal insulation, air purification, sound insulation and fire resistance are excellent eco-friendly interior lining and a method of manufacturing the same. The present invention relates to a method of producing environmentally-friendly interior lining with perlitic grinding step of grinding the perlite ore to less than 12 mesh; Dry heat treatment step of processing the crushed perlite expands into pearlite; And a binder for expanded perlite or any mixture of two or more of quartz porphyry, yellow earth, coal and sludge as 1: a mixing step of mixing a weight ratio of 1.0;: 0.05 to 1 Molding step of compression-molding the mixture of perlite and binder; Characterized in that configured including; firing step of firing the mixture to compression molding at a temperature of 800 ~ 1,200 ℃.


In this paper, a complex system consisting of n components with constant failure rates and general repair time distributions with independent probability. An attempt has been made to obtain the pointwise availability of the system which may be used to obtain the other two measures of Dependability, viz., Reliability and Interval availability.


The flying capacitor and LLC converter are integrated with the ZVS operation. Using of ZVS, it will achieve the high conversion efficiency. This project is enable to high step-down conversion in the high input voltage applications. The inherent flying capacitor branch in the primary side can effectively halve the primary switch voltage stress compared with the half-bridge LLC converters. The input voltage can be equally shared and automatically between the two series half-bridge modulus without additional balance circuit or control strategies due to the built-in flying capacitor cell. The flying capacitor is also known as charge pump. It is kind of DC to DC converter. Moreover, the inherent soft switching performance during wide load range that exists in the LLC converters is still kept to reduce the switching losses. The converter are further decreased the voltage stress by means of employing stacked connection. Input voltage balance is achieved and the voltage of each switch is clamped and minimized, which ensures the converters to operate with the high input voltage. Compared with the proposed system, instead of center-tapping transformer, windings get reduced in this project. If the ZVS operation for the power switches and ZCS operation for the rectifier diodes are achieved during a wide input voltage and load conditions, it may also increase high conversion efficiency.


This Editorial calls for change in the practices of editing in response to a culture of mental ill health in higher education publishing. Through extended review of current practices, this Editorial offers practical opportunities to improve the quality of editors' decision-making processes. This includes a focus on publishing clear and formative editorial positions, a broader acceptance of university style guides and referencing, desk rejection that is timely and supportive, peer review with improved integrity, a more genuine revise and resubmit process, and fostering quality post-acceptance engagement. The significance of this Editorial is in the potential to lead reform in the journal publishing industry to be more supportive and kind while maintaining quality and rigorous production of knowledge.


Survivin is a member of inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, which is highly expressed in cancerous tissues and during human embryonic and fetal development, but absent or very lowly expressed in all the mature tissues. Study had shown that survivin gene was expressed in 64.5%~85% of colonic cancerous tissues, and the expression of survivin was associated with unfavorable prognosis in colon cancer patients. Aims: To observe the effects of survivin-antisense oligonucleotide on the apoptosis of colon cancer cell lines. Methods: Through genetic engineering techniques, the survivin-antisense oligonucleotide plasmid pcDNA3-sur-As was constructed, then the plasmid DNA was transfected into colon cancer cell lines by Lipofectamine 2000. The survivin mRNA and protein expression levels in the colon cancer cell lines were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. Flow cytometry and propidium iodide (PI) staining were used to detect cell apoptosis. The variety of caspase-3 activity was determined by colorimetric assay. Results: Expression of survivin mRNA and protein were detected in the four tested colon cancer cell lines including SW1116, COLO 205, HT-29 and SW1417. After transient transfection of survivin-antisense oligo-nucleotide, the cell apoptosis rate was obviously increased in all colon cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner (P0.01); Typical characteristics of apoptotic cells was shown in colon cancer cell line SW1116 under fluorescence microscope. The expression level of survivin protein in SW1116 cells was decreased, and the activity of caspase-3 was significantly increased (P0.01). Conclusions: Inhibition of survivin gene expression by survivin-antisense oligonucleotide may induce apoptosis in colon cancer cell lines. Survivin targeted therapeutic protocol may possibly benefit the treatment of patients with colon cancer.


Nowadays C# language is becoming more and more popular and needed, that is why C# course is necessary for 'Computer Engineering ' specialization and plays an important role in forming of skilled future programmers. There is an enormous variety of ways to develop using C# language and each of these ways has its' advantage and disadvantage. Question of choosing an environment for developing using C# is important not just for teachers and students, but for the educational institution in general. An existing software was analysed and on its' basis was developed and described an alternative visual editor for C# code for learning purposes. This editor is easy to understand, free and has low system requirements.


Since 1990s the global trend in housing provision shows a shift towards greater market role including for low income housing. Increasingly the state relied on market to provide low income housing and confined its role as enabler and facilitator to support the market. Housing provision refers to process of housing production and consumption or allocation by the consumers. Thus, the analysis in this paper focused on the role of the state and market in low cost housing production and allocation process. The findings showed the state gradually began to retreat from direct low cost housing provision and relied on market since 1990s. Despite economic crisis in 1997-1998 the market still played significance role in low cost housing production. Instead the state focused on solving housing problem among the squatters and revived the economy through public housing programmes. However in terms of low cost housing allocation, the state still retained it controlled since 1950s. Thus, explained the unique features of low cost housing provision system in Malaysia.


Introduction: The CeloNova Cobra PzF™ coronary stent is a new stent design, balloon expandable cobalt chromium alloy that is pre-mounted on a custom rapid exchange balloon delivery catheter. The alloy stent is surface treated with a nano-layer Polyzene®-F (PzF). In vitro studies have indicated that the PzF surface treatment is a nonthrombogenic and has pro-endothelialization properties. Methods: Only 3.0 mm diameter x 15 mm length stents were used, 32 external right iliac rabbit arteries were harvested at 7 days for electron microscopy analysis, half cylinder for thrombus area formation and the other half cylinder for reendothelialization. Then, a time course of reendothelialization was performed with 10 additional animals. Five animals were examined at day 3 and 5 animals at day 5. Each animal received in one leg a Cobra PzF stent and on the opposite leg a control stent randomly assigned. The 2 half cylinders were examined for reendothelialization. Results: Thrombotic occlusion was a rare event in this e...


Noise pollution is one of the most critical environmental issues that pose multiple adverse effects on urban citizens' health. Noise monitoring and analysis play a vital role in noise management and are crucial for the implementation of noise control strategies. Traditional methods for acoustic measurement involve utilizing standardized instruments to manually inspect acoustic scenes, which can be expensive and time-consuming. The emerging IoT (Internet of Things) technology offers a promising solution to automate the acoustic measurement process, and to increase the spatio-temporal coverage of the sensory networks for noise monitoring. In this paper, we present an IoT-enabled acoustic sensing platform consisting of (1) an affordable acoustic sensing device supporting NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT) communication that can continuously measure sound level, and record acoustic events, (2) the back-end system facilitating sensor device management, and acoustic data collection. The low-cost microphones are calibrated to improve their accuracy with a class 2 sound meter. Finally, we assess the performance of the system in terms of reliability, latency, and node energy consumption.


As our in depth understanding of the physical structure and genetic control of HBV has continued to expand, researchers have been well placed to elucidate the molecular basis of stable HBV variants/mutants that have recently been described. Two of the mutations with the most potential significance for blood transfusion are the pre-core ('e-deficient') and the vaccine-escape ('a-deficient') variants of HBV.


With the increasing capacity of wireless networks, more people would like to consume the 360-degree panoramic video (PV) in virtual reality (VR) applications as its immersive experience. However, due to the super-high resolution of the PV and the dynamic features of wireless networks, it is very difficult to efficiently deliver PVs over wireless networks. The traditionally independent PV encoding and networking sometimes also results in the PV quality deterioration since it neglects the harmony between the source encoding and networking. In this paper, a joint source encoding and networking optimization scheme is proposed to transmit the PV over LTE-A downlink. The PV encoding parameters during the source compression, the modulation and coding scheme (MCS), and relay selection during the networking are jointly considered to optimize the end-to-end PV quality. In addition, the video quality for region of interest (RoI, the possible viewport region) is enhanced by allowing a larger latency bound in the joint source encoding and networking optimization. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves significant performance improvement for the quality of the received PV over traditional PV streaming approaches.


Based on RF technology,embedded technology,and wireless network technology,a development platform of internet of things that works in 780 MHz is designed.The wireless transceiver module,sensor measure module,embedded gateway module and other various function module of the platform are introduced in detail.The 6LoWPAN protocol stack is integrated in the platform which accomplished the end-to-end all IPv6 test in Cisco and realized the interconnection of wireless sensor network and 3G network.Then we can exploit many application systems more conveniently with the platform,such as smart home,environmental monitoring,and intelligent transportation application system and so on.


We attempted to determine whether Mycoplasma (MYC), an agent with known immunologic sequelae, possessed TSH binding sites and to ascertain whether these TSH receptor antibodies might cross-react with determinants in MYC. 125 I-bTSH bound specifically to several MYC species with apparent dissociation constants of about 10−7 M and maximal binding capacities of about 10−8M. Unlabelled TSH, but not hGH, FSH, LH or prolactin caused 125 I-bTSH displacement. All 18 serum samples from Graves' disease patients contained antibodies directed against M. gallisepticum. 3 out of 6 serum samples contained antibodies directed against a 108 Kd determinant in M.gallisepticum. Serum from animals injected with MYC membranes, bound to thyroid membranes. Serum from one animal also bound specifically TSH by Elisa. This binding was displaced by TSH but not by HCG. Furthermore, serum from a rabbit injected by MYC had TBII (27%) post injection. Our data indicate that TSH binds specifically and with high affinity to MYC. Further studies are required to investigate the potential role of bacterial TSH binding proteins in the modulation of autoimmune thyroid disease.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the challenge of opinion mining in text documents to perform further analysis such as community detection and consistency control. More specifically, we aim to identify and extract opinions from natural language documents and to represent them in a structured manner to identify communities of opinion holders based on their common opinions. Another goal is to rapidly identify similar or contradictory opinions on a target issued by different holders. Design/methodology/approach – For the opinion extraction problem we opted for a supervised approach focusing on the feature selection problem to improve our classification results. On the community detection problem, we rely on the Infomap community detection algorithm and the multi-scale community detection framework used on a graph representation based on the available opinions and social data. Findings – The classification performance in terms of precision and recall was significantly improved by adding a set...


Social Development is a term that has gained greater usage in the Last ten to fifteen years. It is a concept introduced by the U.N., adopted by developing countries and is gaining momentum in the U.S. This introductory article discusses the genesis, concebts and philosophical bases of social development. It also attempts to gain an understanding of the differences and or areas of agreement between social work, social welfare and social development.


THIS study aims at identifying the reality of the sustainable entrepreneurship of Tunisian small and medium enterprises, their efforts and their challenges, as they play an important role in terms of diversification of the economic fabric, on the one hand, and its character, which is sustainable and integrates different economic, social and environmental dimensions, To maintain its market share in a global environment characterized by the emergence of a new kind of green consumers. In this context, the Tunisian State has undertaken through several efforts and programs to establish the foundations of sustainable enterprise through its adoption of sustainable responsibility and environmental management.


The article focuses on confronting the Lebanon's Shiite movement Hezbollah with Israel in the field of energy. The aim of the article is to analyse the importance of energy in strategy of movement Hezbollah generally and specifically in confronting with Israel and motives and methods of the energy strategy of the Hezbollah. The primary method of Hezbollah action is to use or threat of violence consisting in threatening to attack on the Israeli energy sector to defend Lebanese energy wealth and deter its enemy from production of gas and oil in the disputed waters of the eastern Mediterranean. The main motive of Hezbollah's activities is especially strengthening of stable energy supplies and Israel's accusations of aggressive energy policy towards Lebanon. Klíčová slova: Hizballáh; energetika; šíitský islám; Izrael; Libanon.


The efficient and reliable solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) plays an essential role in a very large number of applications in business, engineering and science, ranging from the modelling of financial markets through to the prediction of complex fluid flows. This pap er presents a discussion of alternative approaches to the fast solution of elliptic and parabolic PDEs based upon the use of parallel, adaptive and multilevel algorithms. Mesh adaptivity is essential to ensure that the solution is approximated to different local resolutions across the domain according to its local properties, whilst the multilevel algorithms ensure that the computational time to solve the resulting finite element equations is proportional to the number of unknowns. Applying these techniques efficiently on parallel computer architectures leads to significant practical problems. Difficulties addressed in this paper include how to handle the coarse grid operations efficiently in parallel and the dynamic load-balancing problem that arises when the finite element mesh is adapted.


The invention discloses a full-bridge self-exciting converter which comprises a full-bridge push-pull chopper circuit, a coupling circuit and an anti-impact voltage-limiting starting circuit. The full-bridge push-pull chopper circuit and the coupling circuit are connected sequentially. A phase-shifting feedback circuit is connected with the output end of the coupling circuit, and is connected with the input end of the full-bridge push-pull chopper circuit through a combined driving circuit. A normal-shock feedback circuit is formed by the coupling circuit and the combined driving circuit. The full-bridge push-pull chopper circuit is connected with the output end of the normal-shock feedback circuit. The anti-impact voltage-limiting starting circuit is connected with the full-bridge push-pull chopper circuit and the combined driving circuit respectively. The full-bridge self-exciting converter applied to a switching power supply circuit can enable a switching power supply to have the advantages of safety, reliability and good floating load driving capability.


As a progressive, degenerative disease, ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is caused by a gene mutation (ATM) and is a predisposition to cancer. Understanding the impaired signaling networks caused by ATM will help minimizing the damage and finding effective therapies. The goal of this work is to investigate the dynamic change of ATM-dependent signaling pathways under the treatment of different radiation dosages. A reverse-phase protein microarray (RPPM) in conjunction with quantum dots nano-crystal technology is used for the quantitative measurement. To discover the proteomic pathways affected in ATM cells, a new hill climbing algorithm is developed based on mutual information, the classical hill-climbing method, and the optimization of the local structure. More trusted biology networks are thus defined by the new approach. The study was carried out at different time points under different dosages for cell lines with and without ATM mutation. To validate the performance of the proposed algorithm, comparison experiments were also implemented using public networks.


The Clean Development Mechanism Project elaboration is reviewed, considering every step from the project design document conception, through validation, the approval by the national authorities and the verification process. The whole development is pioneered by CST ArcelorMittal Brasil, aiming at carbon credits generation and GHG emission reduction. An associated objective is the promotion of sustainable development. The potential of carbon credits generation is estimated to be 440,263 tons of CO 2 over a CDM project period of 10 years.


The article discusses the psycholinguistic reasons for the appearance of new language units in the Ukrainian language during the COVID-19 pandemic, theso-called "infodemic" (Zarocostas 2020). In a short time, under the influence of extralinguistic factors, language innovations associated with COVID-19 have entered a wide range of media sources, the search for the reasons how these innovations function is the goal of analysis of both media and psycholinguistics. Three methodological bases were chosen, which helped identify the degree of appropriateness of the use of new words in a specific media context. During the pandemic, the media remains the main source of information: on the one hand, the media has a responsibility to inform promptly and truthfully, on the other hand, the degree of misinformation is increasing. Based on this, language innovations appear as psychological markers of time, allusively linked to the pandemic. We assume that the psychological opposition "trust / mistrust" to information also affects the appearance of neologisms, because they actually reflect the mood of society, and therefore the demand for language innovations will be particularly logical in the course of social transformations (as demonstrated by the comparative characteristics of the search engine at the initial stage and at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic).


The ability to predict the stability of eroding riverbanks is a prerequisite for modelling alluvial channel width adjustment and a requirement for predicting bank erosion rates and sediment yield associated with bank erosion. Mass-wasting of bank materials under gravity occurs through a variety of specific mechanisms, with a separate analysis required for each type of failure. This paper presents a computer program for the analysis of the stability of steep, cohesive riverbanks with respect to planar-type failures. Planar-type failures are common along stream channels destabilized by severe bed degradation. Existing stability analyses for planar-type failures have a number of limitations that affect their physical basis and predictive ability. The computer program presented here is based on an analysis developed by Darby and Thorne. The software takes account of the geotechnical characteristics of the bank materials, the shape of the bank profile, and the relative elevations of the groundwater and surface water to estimate stability with respect to mass failure along a planar-type failure surface. Results can be displayed either in terms of a factor of safety (ratio of resisting to driving forces), or probability of failure. The computer analysis is able to determine the relative amounts of bed degradation and bank-toe erosion required to destabilize an initially stable bank. Data for the analysis are supplied in the form of either HEC-2 hydrographic survey data files or user-supplied bank profile data, in conjunction with user-supplied geotechnical parameter values. Some examples, using data from the Upper Missouri River in Montana, are used to demonstrate potential applications of the software. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The birefringence of GaAs/oxidized AlAs superlattice has recently provided interesting applications to non-linear optics laser devices. GaAs/vacuum superlattices are a possible model for multilayers formed by GaAs and a wide-gap oxide. They are not only a model system, in fact free standing GaAs films can be produced. First, we have calculated the electronic states and the optical properties of GaAs/AlAs and GaAs/vacuum superlattices within a semi-empirical pseudopotential framework. The features in the optical spectra are well reproduced and the peak positions agree with experiments. Nevertheless, the optical anisotropy cannot be correctly described without the inclusion of local field effects. Thus, we have performed {\it ab initio} calculations of the birefringence, within the Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT). Neglecting local field effects, we confirm the results of semi-empirical calculations. When local field effects are included agreement with experiments can be obtained. \\


For further increasing the variety of air jet vortex spun yarn and enhancing the processing efficiency of the conventional color spun yarn,experimental schemes were designed by Box-Behnken method. The software Minitab 16 was introduced to analyze the influence of process parameters of air jet vortex spinning on properties of bamboo pulp fiber colored spun yarn. Research results showed that the influence of yarn formation process on the tenacity of bamboo pulp fiber colored yarn spun based on air jet vortex spinning is rather complicated,in which,the effect of yarn delivery speed and yarn linear density on the yarn tenacity depends on the change of nozzle pressure. The evenness of the colored yarn is affected principally by yarn delivery speed and yarn count. Increasing yarn delivery speed makes yarn's evenness value decrease first and then increase. However,decreasing yarn linear density will significantly deteriorate yarn evenness. Yarn hairiness is influenced mainly by nozzle pressure and yarn delivery speed,and more yarn hairiness exhibits when decreasing nozzle pressure and increasing yarn delivery speed. Yarn diameter is affected primarily by nozzle pressure and yarn count. Enhancing nozzle pressure and decreasing yarn linear density result in obvious decrease of yarn diameter.


AVO (amplitude variation with offset) analysis is an effective technique to detect hydrocarbon reservoirs especially gas reservoirs. Based on the AVO theory, fluid content of formation cause changes to amplitude versus offset. Unlike common works which AVO analysis is performed in time domain, we want to use AVO in time-frequency domain based on the cross-plot of time-frequency characteristics of far and near offsets. In this study we have improved the resolution of the AVO by proposing two methods. First we have used reduced interference distribution (RID) which is one of the effective time-frequency distributions, second we have registered high and low frequency slices and considered joint segments.


A 3-D displacement general equation of moire interferometry for measuring 3-D displacement of the negative camber using a dual columnar light wave is put forward. The authors researched the interference field of the dual columnar light wave and its change over law, and they deduced the internal columnar round and axial and radial displacement equation for measuring them. Using an optical fiber for flexible transmission and a small volume columnar lens system to realize miniaturization of the optical system, this technique can find use in measuring internal pipeline.


Abstract For differentiating between wrench and compressional structures in Southeast Asia, criteria are established to distinguish three basic structural types. These are: (1) wrench structures (basement-involved); (2) compressional structures (basement-involved); (3) compressional structures (detached). Structures in northeast Java are interpreted as compressional in origin, taking the Kawengan oil fields as an example. The Pungut and Tandun oil fields in the Central Sumatra Basin are interpreted as wrench structures. Regional compression in Java and regional wrench deformation in Sumatra appear to be related to the change in orientation of the subduction zone marking the boundary between the East Indian Ocean and Asian plates.


An experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 1988 and 1989 to observe the occurrence of insect species at various growth stages and loss caused by them on the seed yield of 'UPAS 120' pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. The insect fauna was recorded during both the years. Endosulfan 35 EC 0.07% spray during vegetative to pre-maturity stage of the crop gave the least pod damage (7.37%) and highest seed yield (1624 kg/ha). The crop protected only at active vegetative growth stage did neither increase the seed yield nor significantly reduce the infestation of the complex, consisting of pigeonpea podfly (Melanagromyza obtusa Malloch), gram podborer [Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)], cowpea podboror [Maruca testulalls (Geyer)] and pigeonpea phume moth (Exeiastis atomsa Walshingham). Endosulfan spray at reproductive stage of the crop effectively reduced the pod damage, giving significant increase in seed yield and maximum economic return compared with the control.


diagnostic groups intervention is of real value. Impaired hearing is the cause most obviously requiring early recognition and expert treatment, but in the other groups speech therapy, nursery or nursery-school placement, and advice and support to the parents will often greatly improve language development and family morale, and they appear to be more effective if started early. Bax's plea for care and attention for the child with delayed speech is entirely correct. R J ROBINSON


The main aim of this paper is to discuss the theories of decision-making, the problems of predictions and how the tools utilized for the process of decision-making at the macro-level could be enhanced for policy makers in our post-normal times. Decision-making is the process of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision maker deriving from several perspectives (psychological, cognitive, and normative). Decision theory (or the theory of choice) is the study of the reasoning that underlies the choices adopted by an agent. Normative (Prescriptive) decision theory gives advice on how to make the best decisions with a set of uncertain beliefs and a set of values. Descriptive (positive) decision theory analyses how existing, possibly irrational agents actually make decisions (Grunig and Kuhn, 2013). Political decisions or governmental policies are devised using the normative decision theory. The values, beliefs and ideas of policy makers inevitably have a great impact on the formulation of policies. When examining the questions on right and wrong, they will habitually prompt variable answers from different individuals and groups. Therefore, the manner in which governments or institutions, in particular universal organisations, should be governed raises many complex questions. The dilemmas of our time, energy, environment, climate change, food security, and financial security cannot be understood in isolation. They are systemic problems, which mean that they are interconnected, and interdependent (Capra and Luisi, 2014). In a number of situations, political leaders are unable to draw conclusions from facts. They fail to appreciate how the major problems of our time are all interrelated. They do not see how their declared solutions may affect future generations. Yet, if issues are to be viewed in a holistic sense, a further crucial threat of the fashion in which power is distributed would present itself. On occasions, global and national decisions may contradict themselves or periodically, populism might dominate the decisions of policy makers. The world consists of multiple diverse groups; consequently, the governance of humanity is not straightforward. Most people in our modern society, especially those in our large social institutions, use concepts of an outdated worldview; their perception of reality is inadequate for dealing with our overpopulated, globally interconnected world. The age that we live in is more frequently called "post-normal times." It is characterized by complexity, chaos and contradictions (Sardar, 2010). The main aim of this paper is to discuss and assert the need for new alternative decision-making systems which could eliminate the basic deficiencies of the current systems. We need to raise the awareness of people and educate them about CADMUS Volume 3 Issue 6, May 2019 Who should Govern on what Principles? Elif Çepni 164 165 "how they can be more anti-fragile and enjoy the complexity of our daily life." Modernity has brought significantly enriched improvements into our daily lives but it has also been instigating additional complications. Sequentially, citizens and consumers of today are experiencing a growing sense of alienation, loss of values and flexibility (Zajda, 2009). This is a further attempt to show that reconsideration is clearly needed to determine the relevance of the certainty and stability of the Newtonian paradigm in decision-making and the governance process.


A major aspect of ensuring safe structures is the management of uncertainty. The nature of safety, risk and uncertainty is discussed. Three types of uncertainty are considered: aleatoric, epistemic and ontological. The first is readily described in terms of probability distributions, so within this type of uncertainty, safety involves achieving less than a particular failure probability. The second cannot so easily be described by probability distributions, though the uncertainty can be estimated. The third type of uncertainty is essentially unknown. The different kinds of uncertainty call for different strategies. Probabilistic structural analysis deals with aleatoric uncertainty and to some extent epistemic uncertainty. Ontological uncertainty requires different strategies such as quality assurance or indicator methods. In addition, the traditional narrow focus on structural analysis is now broadening to include economic analysis and the social and environmental context of safety. This requires a different way of looking at safety. There is a shift from a narrow technical focus to the broader systemic viewpoint required for modern problems. The paper ends with a summary of problems needing to be addressed.


In recent years, cosmopolitanism has emerged as a major new area of interest in the field of the New Literatures in English and in Postcolonial Studies. While some suspect that 'old' and 'new' cosmopolitanism may not be that different after all and that 'cosmopolitan talk' may serve as an intellectual decoy deflecting critical interest from more pressing issues, for others, 'new' cosmopolitanism promises to close the gap between cultural and literary theory and political practice by 'grounding' transnational and transcultural perspectives in arenas such as citizenship, civil society and human rights. The proposed thematic section seeks to promote critical debate on the significance of cosmopolitanism in the field of the New Literatures in English and Postcolonial Studies and to explore methodologies for working with cosmopolitan theories in literary and cultural studies. We propose to organize this thematic section around three intersecting strands: • The translocation from 'old' to 'new' cosmopolitanism: What's new about 'new cosmopolitanism'? How do older and more recent forms of cosmopolitanism intersect and diverge from each other? If cosmopolitanism is more than the latest fad in cultural theory, what then is at stake politically in the dissemination of the term? • The disciplinary translocation of cosmopolitanism: How can cosmopolitan theories produced in philosophy, law and the social sciences become productive in cultural and literary studies? Can they be 'translated' into concrete methodologies? • The decentering of cosmopolitanism : How do cosmopolitan theories and experiences in various parts of the world intersect and diverge? Are there differences between 'metropolitan' and 'local' cosmopolitanisms?


INTRODUCTION The urgent need that the teachers have to review your concepts, your own learning paradigms, of if they notice how you be capable to form opinion, that you/they have as work instrument the knowledge, it should raise in these professionals, an incessant search to know as if they position by the dynamics with that the new knowledge are processed. Though, which one have been noticing it is that not always it is possible to verify this posture in the faculty. Probably not because it presents bad will in relation to the process teaching-learning, but because the work conditions in some schools don't offer the favorable conditions to the conduction of the good acting or still because your graduation formation, didn't propitiate the necessary quality to an effective pedagogic practice. A lot of times act with the pedagogic practice where the process teaching-learning is static, similar the that in the which you/they were taught, where not always it hovers the passion for the act to teach, what collaborates for us not to notice this moment as opportune for the affective and consequent attainment of changes to embrace significant knowledge. I could observe this problem, that it made unfeasible the full accomplishment of the process teaching-learning, in HTPC's (Schedule of Collective Pedagogic Work), accomplished at a school of fundamental teaching (1st and 2nd Cycle), of the city of Piraju, in the which I made my observations, aiming at my work of conclusion of specialization course in Psicopedagogia. In agreement with Begler " The faculty fears the rupture of the status and the consequent chaos and, in this sense, it is necessary to analyze the anxieties of being " nude ", without status, before the student, that appears then with the whole magnitude of a true object to be pursued; he/she should grow up the conscience that the best " defense " is to know what one will teach and to be honest in the valorization than it is known and than it is ignored. A summit of that process is the moment in that that that teaches can say " I don't know " and to admit as soon as really ignores some theme or topic of the same. That moment is of highest importance, because it implicates, among other things, the abandonment of the omnipotence attitude, the reduction of the narcissism, the adoption of appropriate attitudes in the relationship among people, the inquiry and the learning, and the placement as human being front the other human beings and front to the such things like them are ". (apud Weiss, 1996, p.176) Especially, because the faculty has been presenting certain descaminho and unbalances, with relationship to your professional practice. Practice that should be promoter of transformations in the society, before the construction of new knowledge because, as it demonstrates Ronca (2001), it is " obligatory to review how we are treating the construction of the knowledge. The phenomena that happen in such complex healthy world that doesn't give more to try to order them in the way how we are accustomed ". (Ronca, 2001, p.) Like this, we have still been visualizing today, that the actors involved in the process teaching-learning, same meeting inserted in a partner-historical context, in that so many human activities are being revolutionized, unhappily still they didn't get to notice that this same dynamics should permeate all activities developed in the area educational, same because this avalanche of information to the which the students have contacts now they impel them they question her/it the actions made by the faculty to every moment. For Paín (apud Fernández, 1991, p.82), the function of the education can alienate or to free, depending of as it be used, he/she wants to say, the education as such it is not accused of a thing or of other, but the form as this education is scored he/she can have effect of to alienate or to free. therefore, it urges that the teachers lead the process teaching-learning, dedicating him/her the due importance, noticing this process as indispensable to the construction of knowledge, establishing significant relationships between new knowledge and the knowledge already embraced, making possible the students to modify them, to enlarge them or to differentiate them in function of new information, qualifying them embrace her/it new learnings, above all to the optics of the perception that presupposes, that this action should be become pregnant, if and only if, to happen in road of two-way, where who teaches, also learns at the same time in that teaches. Then a new education conception, ruled to the light of significant knowledge, that it promotes the individuals' construction, endowed with critical capacity and of a potent reflection power, it should be object persecution in every moment of the educational process for the faculty, that will be constituted in a professional of the education starting from this new posture. That certainly will contribute in a decisive way in that plural individual's construction. According to Begler, " Teaching and learning constitute steps inseparable dialéticos, integral of an only process in permanent movement, however not only for the fact that when it exists somebody that learns has there to be another that teaches, as well as by virtue of the second beginning which one cannot teach correctly while it is not learned and during the own teaching " task. (apud Weiss, 1996, p.176). Before this, it is feasible to the teacher to assume a critical posture in relation to the quality and the way as he/she feels the construction of your knowledge in the current moment and as it has been positioning if in embracing of the information that attack him/it daily; to qualify to present pertinent creative solutions to the teaching-learning problems, restructuring your pedagogic practice, in way, to constitute her/it in guideline, that propitiates this teacher to lead of form diferencial the production process and the propagation of significant knowledge, in an approach that allows a valued interaction of the body discente, in this complex tissue that is the process teaching-learning. Because, only starting from the effective search of knowledge, understanding in the as apprentice during a lifetime, it is that can incite our comfortable students of learning, that will make possible him/her to conquer as consequence of that process teaching-learning the elevation of your self-esteem and, ulteriormente the teacher's solemnity-image. In that sense Fernández (apud Scoz, 1996), when he/she says that " when rethinking your own histories as apprentice, the educators can understand that is in that interjogo of transfers that the appropriation of the knowledge can take place as transformation ". And, still Fernández (1994, p.180), " If the teacher, while he/she teaches it doesn't get to transmit to your students that he is also learning, that is also discovering things and that he/she likes to discover things, he/she won't offer to the student the possibility that is interested in the object of the knowledge... The teacher has to look until the knowledge object because it interests him/her the social construction of the knowledge; in the measure in that the teacher makes like this him/it, the student's glances and of the void teacher to converge in the object and in the construction of the knowledge ". (Fernández,1994, p.180). That sorts things out of thinking the process teaching-learning it owes, to contribute for the acquisition, on the part of the faculty, of a singular pedagogic práxis, restructured in a new world approach, of society, inside of a new dynamics in class ALMIR DE OLIVEIRA FERREIRA. STATE UNIVERSITY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PHYSIOTHERAPY OF JACAREZINHO PARANÁ, BRAZIL. almir.de.ferreira@itelefônica.com.br


Abstract : This report documents the findings of an analysis of the savings from reducing order and shipping time (OST) within DoD and also an analysis of how those savings could be traded off against the costs to implement OST reduction initiatives. The savings analysis determined what DoD retail inventory levels would be affected by a reduction in OST, then how much an OST reduction would reduce those levels, and finally how much savings would be generated by a reduction in retail levels. Working with the costs from distribution-oriented initiatives developed by the DLA Operations Research Office, the tradeoff analysis generated a method for determining when routine requisitions for replenishing retail stock should be expedited.


ABSTRACT Ning Ying's 2006 film Wuqiong dong/Perpetual Motion can be regarded as her first attempt to explore the genre of 'women's film'. Deviating from her previous neo-realist style, this film seeks to cultivate an alternative cinematic practice through developing a heavy-handed negative aesthetics. Ning Ying interiorizes the filmic exploration of female subjectivity in an enclosed time and space, which is constantly haunted by a spectral aesthetics characterized by audio-visual allusions to loss, grave, ruins and ghosts. However, the film's radical content and alternative aesthetics are, ironically, packaged in prevailing consumer aesthetics and commodity fetishism on and off the silver screen. All these competing drives and accounts render the film a contested narrative constantly oscillating between avant-garde feminism and domestic melodrama, and between a register of disintegrating sisterhood and a celebrity scandal of adultery. This article examines the discursive and aesthetic innovations, contradictions and limits of Ning Ying's cinematic feminism.


Routing is the process of moving information from source to destination, and is one of the major issues found in computer network literature. For data networks, the complexity of routing increases due to the multiple constraints such as distance/cost and transmission success rate (TSR). These constraints are to be properly addressed for the reliability, robustness, manageability and functionality of the data networks. The biggest challenge in this kind of network is to find the optimal path between the common end points satisfying various requirements. Genetic algorithms (GA) are a class of search strategy based on the mechanism of biological evolution. GA is able to reduce search space and can also converge to a good solution of the problem efficiently. In this project an approach using genetic algorithm to routing in data network is explained. Appropriate chromosome structure, crossover operator and mutation operators are devised and tested on variety of network topologies. The results are found to be encouraging and satisfactory.


ABSTRACT A novel strategy to improve the sensitivity of molecularly imprinted polymer sensors based on a double-layered molecularly imprinted polymer hybrid film-modified gold electrode was investigated for the determination of testosterone. A conductive poly(anilinomethyltriethoxysilane) film was electrodeposited on the surface of the electrode, and a molecularly imprinted polysiloxane thin film was formed on the conductive layer by a sol-gel process to enhance the electrochemical response. The performance of the sensor for testosterone was investigated by square-wave voltammetry in the presence of a hexacyanoferrate/ferrite as a redox probe. The prepared sensor provided high recognition for testosterone with a broad linear range from 10 to 100 fM and a low detection limit of 10 fM. Good sensitivity, selectivity, and stability were observed with relative standard deviations less than 5%. Good recovery of testosterone was obtained when the sensor was used for the determination of testosterone in fortified urine.


Preface The presented master thesis has been realized within the scope of my final work at the Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich. I have always been interested in electric power systems, more specifically, I was attracted by this subject because of my positive confrontation during my studies with control theory in general and because of its emerging importance related to large-scale networks. The master thesis has been proposed by the Power Systems Laboratory in cooperation with the Laboratory for Safety Analysis of the Departement of Mechanical and Process Engineering. I would like to thank Markus Schläpfer and Michèle Arnold for all the important help offered during my stay at the laboratory. I also would like to thank the entire Laboratory for Safety Analysis, with head Prof. Wolfgang Kröger, for giving me the resources to complete my thesis. Furthermore, I would like to thank Prof. Göran Andersson of the Power Systems Laboratory for technically affirming the research. The liberalization of the European interconnected network as well as new upcoming trends for integration of alternative energies cause an incredible complexity to the actual generation distribution. New risks seem to affect the reliability of the electric power system. The blackouts appeared in the last years in Europe and North America are signals that indicate the presence of cascading failures which cause severe economic and social consequences. New approaches are needed to control the propagation of outages which hardly can be stopped by a human operator. This thesis analyzes the possibility of applying a control based on predictions for the system. Firstly, on a centralized level and secondly, on a decentralized level, with the help of communicating and interacting agents. The aim is to suppress failures and to minimize costs due to generation and load power redispatch.


Cryptosporidium is an intestinal protozoan parasite that causes cryptosporidiosis. It also has been recognized as an important opportunistic pathogen affecting HIV-infected patients. The disease can cause chronic diarrhea, decreased quality of life, and shortened survival in HIV-infected patients. The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in HIV-infected patients is 550%. However, in Thailand information about the prevalence of each genotype and species of Cryptosporidium in HIV-infected patients is less available. In this study, genotypic characterization of Cryptosporidium isolated from HIV-infected patients in Thailand was investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of 18 SSU rRNA gene. The fecal samples were collected during the period from 1999 to 2004. Among 110 Cryptosporidium isolates, five genotypes were identified which are C. hominis (36.4%), C. parvum (10%), C. meleagridis (19.1%), C. felis (16.4%) and C. canis (16.4%). These data indicate that extensive genotypic diversity among Cryptosporidium was observed among Cryptosporidium isolates and C. hominis is the predominant genotype in HIV-infected patients in Thailand. Keywords—Cryptosporidium; Genotype; HIV


As the use of Web is increasing more day by day, the web users get easily lost in the web's rich hyper structure. The main aim of the owner of the website is to provide the relevant information to the users to fulfill their needs. Web mining technique is used to categorize users and pages by analyzing users behavior, the content of pages and order of URLs accessed. Web Structure Mining plays an important role in this approach. In this paper we discuss and compare the commonly used algorithms i.e. PageRank, Weighted PageRank and HITS.


We congratulate Dr Aberg and colleagues for a significant contribution to the literature on the important topic of moderate alcohol use in fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (1). Approximately 30% of the population of the Western world has obesity and/or other complications of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Due to the magnitude of this problem worldwide, palatable lifestyle therapies that are affordable, available and acceptable are necessary to curtail preventable early deaths. Moderate alcohol has the potential to fill this space, although knowledge remains limited.


Populations of continuously distributed marine organisms that disperse via pelagic larvae are often assumed to exist in a state of genetic panmixia because of their potential ability for long-distance dispersal. However, obligate symbionts may have more restricted gene flow due to recruitment limitations, making host specificity an important potential driver of biodiversity. To explore the tension between broad dispersal ability and limited recruitment potential, we used sequences of mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) to assess the fine-scale phylogeography of the cleaner shrimp, Ancylomenes pedersoni, an obligate symbiont of sea anemones, along 300 km of the Florida Reef Tract (FRT). The results indicate high genetic diversity within A. pedersoni populations along the FRT. Pair-wise ϕST values indicate significant genetic structuring between northern (Fort Lauderdale and Upper Keys) and southwestern (Lower Keys) populations, with significant isolation by distance. Two divergent COI haplotype lineages were detected through statistical parsimony analysis: one evenly distributed across the entire FRT (Clade 1) and one found primarily in two sample localities in the Lower Keys (Clade 2). Phylogenetic analyses using 16S-rDNA indicates that this genetic diversity is of paraphyletic origin, and possibly the result of multiple colonization events. These results reveal a complex demographic and evolutionary history for A. pedersoni populations and provide the first evidence of highly divergent intra-specific lineages independently colonizing the FRT. Because the FRT is a highly impacted coral reef system, understanding phylogeographic patterns along it has value beyond documentation of the factors that generate genetic diversity in tropical reef systems: these data are critical for creating scientifically based management strategies.


Abstract Analysis of ITS sequence data showed unexpected complexity for Eupatorium album and E. petaloideum, a closely related species pair from eastern North America that has been considered to form a single species. The two species consistently differed in ITS sequence by seven to eight bp as well as a one bp indel, and detailed analysis revealed little intraspecific variation. The ITS sequences of other samples that had similar but slightly differing morphology and were pollen sterile gave several patterns involving bp or indel polymorphisms that indicated that they were of hybrid derivation. Based on differences in leaf and phyllary shape and glandular trichome distribution it was possible to delimit the individual hybrid combinations from one another and from their progenitor species. Material previously called E. album from the western part of its range is of hybrid origin from E. album and E. lancifolium, and is described here as Eupatorium sullivaniae. Material from the northeastern part of the range previously called E. album var. subvenosum is a hybrid derivative of E. petaloideum and E. hyssopifolium, elevated here to Eupatorium subvenosum. Samples having the general morphology previously associated with E. album var. vaseyi included hybrid derivatives of the combinations E. petaloideum/E. sessilifolium, here reinstated as E. vaseyi, and E. petaloideum/E. sessilifolium/E. perfoliatum, here reinstated as E. fernaldii. Other samples gave ITS sequence data consistent with a derivation from E. album/E. hyssopifolium. The species of hybrid derivation have geographic ranges that extend beyond those of the inferred progenitors, in the case of E. subvenosum involving a disjunction of several hundred kilometers, suggesting that there have been considerable differences in species ranges over time.


This paper mainly discusses long-term and short-term reward optimum combination incentive to managers.Through the introduction of long-term reward restraint,short-term reward restraint,manager's ability restraint and other restraint conditions,we establish the manager long short-term and short-term reward combination incentive model,and then get the excellent combination,more over analyze the influence of parameters to the excellent combination,give out the conclusion accordingly.


This thesis is situated within a pragmatic view of abductive explanation (Peirce, 1998; Mantere & Ketovki, 2013; Martela, 2015). It draws on a qualitative case study that investigates the use of student-generated digital video (SGDV) in higher education pedagogy, where SGDV is designed to enhance student engagement in learning activities. The study focuses on lecturers' and students' views on integrating SGDV into teaching at the College of Basic Education, which forms part of the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAET) in Kuwait; a higher education institution dedicated to teacher training and education. The resulting research is both significant and distinct in its approach to gaining an understanding of how students engage in learning tasks when creating digital videos (SGDVs). The study findings indicate that student engagement can be enhanced if lecturers, as facilitators of learning, use active learning strategies and motivate students through authentic scenarios, tasks and projects. The findings also confirm that student engagement is a multi-dimensional concept.This current work revealed that student engagement involves collaboration and group dynamics, which are presented as an integrated theme associated with active learning. The findings consequently led to the development of an SGDV model of student engagement, portraying the most universal approaches to engagement emerging within the research context. In brief, this study is aimed at informing the design of pedagogical models for the enhancement of student engagement.


India is known for the apprehension of global powerhouse of agriculture in the world and has been mainly an agriculture-based economy, in spite of the fact that a lot of farmers and respective individuals face a lot of problems in agriculture due to inadequate knowledge of agriculture production such as poor farming techniques, inadequate materials for the crop, proper crop planning, maintaining of fertilizer balance. This project represents a prototype of a chatbot structure which helps assist individuals or farmers in crop management and predicts the need of the crop. Prediction such as the fertilizer dosage, nutrients in the crop and assists in providing sufficient knowledge to the individual to work on the basic needs. This structure uses Natural Language Processing and takes feed from the predetermined data to give responses on based queries. For the Structure to be accurate the chatbot analyzes factors such as past feed and the sources of the data from "The Indian Council of Agricultural Research"


Ion-beam irradiation offers great flexibility and controllability in the construction of freestanding nanostructures with multiple advanced functionalities. Here, we present and discuss the bending of free-standing nanowires, against, towards, and ultimately parallel to a flux of directional ion irradiation. Bending components both along and perpendicular to the incident ion beam were observed, and the bending behavior was found to depend both on the ion beam scanning strategy and on the conductivity of the supporting substrate. This behavior is explained by an ion-irradiation-related electrostatic interaction. Our findings suggest the prospect of exploiting this technique to engineer 3D nanostructures for advanced applications.


The Raman scattering related with electrons in pyramidal quantum dots is theoretically investigated. The electron Raman differential cross section is calculated making use of analytically determined quantum states within the effective mass approximation. The features of the Raman differential cross section are discussed in terms of their dependence on the changes of the quantum dot geometry.


We were very pleased to choose papers for presentation at the ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA), which will take place in Manhattan in January 2009. A total of 550 short abstracts were submitted, later materializing into 458 submissions, of which 135 were selected. The program committee meeting was entirely electronic and the selection process took place in July and August 2008. The Best Student Paper award was given to the paper "Improved Bounds and New Techniques for Davenport---Schinzel Sequences and Their Generalizations" by Gabriel Nivasch, and the Best Paper award was given to the paper "Natural Algorithms" by Bernard Chazelle. There will be three invited presentations: one by Volker Strassen, as the recipient of the ACM-SIGACT 2008 Knuth prize; one by Michael Jordan; and one by Yuval Peres.


This REU Site supported by the National Science Foundation's Division of Engineering Education and Centers is designed to develop and implement a model environment for multidisciplinary collaborative efforts where research and education are tightly integrated around the different facets of energy research. It seeks to provide an impactful summer research experience in the emerging field of sustainable energy and expand research opportunities for underrepresented students. The program is structured to teach students how to formulate research questions as well as how to develop and modify research plans with the guidance of their research mentors. Students will learn to work independently and to collaborate with other group members as they conduct research in specific topics in energy research. This will enable them to understand their own levels of aptitude and interest in a career in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and give them the tools to prepare for the next stage in their education and career development. Students will report and present their research results in multiple settings. In addition to the hands-on collaborative research experience, technical and social activities will be incorporated into the program to provide students with a solid foundation in analytical, writing, and presentation skills and to enhance interactions between REU students and faculty mentors. The research, educational, and career mentorship provided by the program is envisioned to stimulate the students to look at their academic work in a new light and to provide a spark for possible careers in academic research or industrial innovation. Participating students will tackle various topics of energy research, interact with faculty mentors and students from different engineering departments, and develop a holistic perspective of energy research.


ITH THE DEATH of Maksim Grigorevich Levin on April 18, 1963, Soviet and world anthropology have lost an outstanding scientist. At the time of his premature death, Levin was Deputy Director of the Institute of Ethnography, a division of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Head of the Section of Physical Anthropology of the same institution, and member of the Editorial Board of Sovet' skaya etnografiya (Soviet Ethnography). Levin was born on October 19, 1904, in the town of Slonim in Belorussia, where he spent his childhood and early youth. In 1919, a year after the death of his father, a physician, he left for Moscow and at the age of 16 entered Moscow University to major in physical anthropology. Here he enjoyed the tutelage of D. N. Anuchin, one of the founders of scientific physical anthropology in Russia. After Anuchin's death in 1923, he studied under V. V. Bunak. When he had completed his university studies in 1926, Levin was accepted as an "aspirant," a postgraduate research student, in the Institute of Physical Anthropology of Moscow University. At the same time he began his work in the Section of Folkloristics of Moscow Central Ethnographic Museum. The scientific versatility of Levin's principal teacher, D. N. Anuchin, affected him to a considerable degree. Like Anuchin, who was not only an outstanding physical anthropologist and archaeologist but also equally at home in ethnography and geography, Levin developed these same skills to the highest degree and with his insight for applying the findings of these disciplines contributed much to knowledge of the general anthropology of the northeastern quadrant of Asia. Levin made a number of lengthy field trips to various parts of Siberia. In 1926 he traveled in the little-known region of Tannu-Tuva. In 1927 he visited the Tungus of the northern CisBaykal, and in 1929 he visited the Altay region. In 1930 he was sent by the Museum and the Committee of the North to the Nogayevo fcuiturbaza, an educational center for the Lamuts (Evens) of the Okhotsk coast. Accompanied by his wife, he spent over two years in and near this locality. Archaeological materials which he collected during his many trips along the Okhotsk coast enabled him to formulate the first scientifically based ideas on the economy of the former inhabitants of this coast. Although he was primarily interested in archaeological reconnaissance and excavation, he did not neglect the discipline in which he eventually was to become most active, and he carried out somatological and anthropometrical studies of the Evens, Evenks, Kamchadals, and Russians inhabiting the general region. Since the materials he assembled included, for the first time, a Russian population in various stages of assimilation, he was able to construct an intergroup scale for the evaluation of variations of traits within the limits of the Mongoloid and Europoid major groups. These materials took on added significance because they were collected by one investigator and were therefore strictly comparable. After his return from the Soviet Far East, Levin renewed his researches at the Museum of Ethnography and was also appointed to several responsible scientific-administrative posts, among them the curatorship of the Siberian Section. In 1939 he was transferred to the Institute of Physical Anthropology of Moscow State University, and there he further increased his scientific and administrative activities. He conducted courses in the Ethnography of the Peoples of the U.S.S.R., the Anatomy of Man, General Ethnography, and the Anatomy of the Human Brain. His administrative posts were those of Scientific Secretary of the Institute and Executive Secretary of the Editorial Board of Antropologicheskiy zhurnal (Journal of Physical Anthropology). Notwithstanding all these duties of research, classroom presentation, and administration, Levin registered as an extramural student at the Second Medical Institute of Moscow in order to deepen his already extensive knowledge of comparative anatomy and human biology. He completed the courses with distinction in 1940. Toward the end of World War II, the Institute of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. was being reorganized and Levin was invited to become a senior scientific worker there. In July, 1944, he was appointed Deputy Director of the Institute, a position which he held until his death. After 1949 he


OVERVIEW: As the networked ubiquitous information society continues to develop, we are seeing the emergence of an environment in which people can send and receive information practically anywhere and anytime. Obviously the display device has a singularly important role to play in this society as the exit where information emerges from the network infrastructure for us to see and act upon, and will become even more important as time goes on. For flat-screen TVs that are now emerging as one of the most coveted consumer electronics products, large-screen LCDs predominate for screen sizes up to about 30 inches while plasma displays have clear advantages for larger screen sizes exceeding 40 inches. Yet in order to provide stable high-quality products, a number of technical challenges must be overcome, most notably the reduction of material and component costs to facilitate the use and drive down costs of longer sheets of motherglass to create larger LCD screens. Hitachi is committed to R&D aimed at improving the performance and reducing the cost of LCDs, plasma displays, and other lightweight flat-screen display technologies, while at the same time bringing more advanced materials and components to market supporting Hitachi's high standard of display module craftsmanship. Masatoshi Shiiki Junichi Imaizumi Teruhisa Miyata Akira Chinda, Dr. Eng.


Given the contradictory recent reports on whether there is a decline of insect pollinators, there is a clear need to develop more sophisticated monitoring systems in order to assess the quantity and variety of pollinators in a given environment. In this work, we explore an approach to the stability/plasticity dilemma to construct bumblebees tracklets, where the detector provides a stable, learned off-line, model of the object being sought, while an adaptable tracker keeps a record of both the object and the background to fill up the gaps in case of a detector miss. Through our experiments, we showed how the performance of the detector alone was enhanced with the addition of tracking.


Thirteen treatments were evaluated for thrips and aphid control on cotton planted 17 May in sandy loam soil on the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Miss. Soil and ambient temperatures were 24.6 and 22.2°C, respectively, and soil moisture was adequate. Plots were 12 rows by 50 ft (38 inch centers) arranged in a randomized complete block statistical design with 4 replications. Granular material was applied by a John Deere planter equipped with granule applicator boxes. Liquid treatments were applied at planting by use of a CO2-powered sprayer with an 8002E nozzle positioned above and in line with the furrow so as to direct all the spray into the furrow at a volume of 5 gal/acre. Water was used as the carrier for sprayed insecticides. Five treatments received an additional application by side-dressing and 2 treatments received only the side-dressing application. Sidedressing was applied 27 Jun, 2 inches deep by using a John Deere planter offset 8 inches from the seed furrow and with 1 press wheel removed. Liquids were applied at 10 gal/acre. Insect samples were obtained by collecting 5 plants at random from the center 4 rows of each plot, placing them in a plastic bag and transporting them to the laboratory. Samples for thrips on seedling cotton were collected 24 May, 1, 7, 12 and 19 Jun. Plants were washed with a few drops of detergent and sodium hyperchlorite bleach per liter of water, and rinsed onto a 115 mesh sieve. Insects were then rinsed onto filter paper for counting under a binocular microscope. Sampling for aphids after 19 Jun was accomplished by counting insects on each of 10 leaves picked at random in the center 4 rows of each plot from 3 levels of the plant canopy, the fourth fully expanded leaf below the terminal, a leaf arising from the mainstem Vi of the plant height down the plant from the terminal, and a leaf near the bottom of the plant. Rainfall between the planting date and 19 Jun totaled 6.03 inches. Rainfall between 27 Jun and 19 Jul was 3.65 inches. The center 4 rows of all plots were mechanically harvested 9 Oct. All plots received insecticide treatments for nontarget pests as needed during the season. An application of Thiodan at 0.5 lb (AI)/acre was applied 3 Jul to reduce aphids because control from the side-dressing was not noticeable.


Objective
To observe the effect of microRNA (miRNA, miR)-371-5p on human colorectal cancer LoVo and SW620 cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Methods
Constructed miR-371-5p overexpression lentivirus vector and stable gene silencing miR-371-5p vector [miR-371-5p/short hairpin RNA (shRNA)], and were transfected into LoVo and SW620 cells. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detected the expression of miR-371-5p, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assay, soft agar colony formation assay, flow cytometry detected the proliferation and apoptosis of LoVo and SW620 cells.

Results
The expression of miR-371-5p in LoVo and SW620 cells transfected miR-371-5p (14.25±0.25, 10.01±0.19) were higher than that of negative control group and blank control group (1.03±0.02, 1.04±0.03; 1.00±0.00, 1.00±0.00; F=21.426, 8.957, P=0.000, 0.003), The expression of miR-371-5p in LoVo and SW620 cells transfected miR-371-5p/shRNA (0.08±0.00, 0.11±0.01) were lower than that of negative control group and blank control group cells (0.97±0.02, 1.04±0.03; 1.00±0.00, 1.00±0.00; F=15.231, 8.537, P=0.000, 0.005). After LoVo and SW620 cells transfected 3 d and 7 d, the proliferation of miR-371-5p transfected cell was lower than that of negative control group and blank control group (F=5.932, 19.324, 7.256, 35.846, P=0.003, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000); the proliferation of transfected miR-371-5p/shRNA cell was higher than that of negative control group and blank control group (F=37.342, 43.254, 43.242, 105.231, P=0.003, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000). The cell clone number of miR-371-5p transfected LoVo and SW620 were lower than that of negative control group and blank control group cells (F=5.432, 4.023, P=0.004, 0.022); the cell clone number of miR-371-5p/shRNA transfected LoVo and SW620 were higherthan that of negative control group and blank control group cells (F=3.976, 4.732, P=0.015, 0.011). The cell colony number of miR-371-5p transfected LoVo and SW620 were lower than that of negative control group and blank control group cells (F=5.647, 4.023, P=0.007, 0.015); the cell colony number of miR-371-5p/shRNA transfected LoVo and SW620 were higher than that of negative control group and blank control group cells (F=4.231, 4.231, P=0.012, 0.013). The difference of cell apoptosis rate between miR-371-5p transfected cells, miR-371-5p/shRNA transfected cells and the negative control group and blank control group were no statistically significant (F=0.883, 1.017, 1.165, 0.954, P=0.742, 0.474, 0.483, 0.621).

Conclusion
MiR-371-5p can inhibite the proliferation of colorectal cancer LoVo and SW620 cells, has little effect on apoptosis.

Key words:
MicroRNA-371-5p; Colorectal cancer; Proliferation; Apoptosis


Dynamic speckle analysis is a promising tool for inspection of speed of processes. It relies on highly sensitive of speckle phenomenon to micro-changes in the optical paths. The same phenomenon is a source of severe noise, which contaminates substantially the outcome of analysis when a pointwise processing is applied to correlated in time speckle patterns. We obtained improvement of quality of the two-dimensional activity map produced by the pointwise processing by illumination at two wavelengths in the red and green part of the spectrum and separate processing of the raw data acquired in the red and the green channels of a color camera used to capture the speckle patterns. Summation of the activity maps corresponding to the two channels results in narrower spread of fluctuations of the estimate chosen to describe the activity.


The Lebanese Constitutional Council is vested with the power of assessing the constitutionality of laws and annulling unconstitutional ones. All the other bodies of the State are obliged to apply the laws as long as they have not been declared unconstitutional. From the perspective of strategic litigation on questions of fundamental rights, in view of the limited competences of the Lebanese Constitutional Council to decide on constitution-ality of laws, this chapter discusses the historical background and reasons for the current situation of very limited control of the laws' constitutionality. It sheds light on the prevailing political characteristics and perception of the Council's role at his creation and shows the Council' stance by examples of various political, legislative and its' own Council's decisions, arguing for the need not just to reform Lebanon's Constitutional Council, but the perception and role it is driven into by the current political system of consensus.


Some problems exist in power flow calculation such as complex programming and expensive calculation software, a new method is put forward that traditional power flow calculation can be transferred to the Web. Based on that, this paper designs a power flow calculation service. The users can view the service interface and the instruction, add the service to the local program so as to complete the power flow calculation; besides, users can also access the relevant website through browser, upload raw data, and figure out power flow calculation easy and quickly. The method provides a clear and open power flow calculation service, which is convenient to use and can be applied to the teaching and authentication of computation results. In this paper, the Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm in Cartesian coordinates is demonstrated to verify the feasibility of the design. Introduction Power flow calculation is the basic calculation of power system steady-state operation, which can figure out voltage amplitude and phase angle of each node, power distribution and power loss of the network, thereby to determine the power system operating state, is of great significance for the studies of power system. Although the power flow calculation has been very mature, in practical application, due to complex programming and expensive calculation software, there are lots of inconveniences for beginners or ordinary users. To solve this problem, this paper put forward a method that traditional power flow calculation can be transferred to the Web by WCF. In this paper, the WCF power flow calculation interface is compiled, which can realize the call of the WCF power flow calculation service, and the analysis of the calculation results. At the same time, it also provides an online platform for power flow calculation. The online platform adopts B/S architecture, based on WCF technology, to realize the multi-threading, distributed power flow calculation. The Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm in Cartesian coordinates is demonstrated to verify the feasibility of the design. Design of WCF Interface for Power Flow Calculation Newton-Raphson method is a typical method of solving nonlinear equations; the method has a square convergence property, which is widely used in steady-state power flow calculation. The WCF power flow calculation service established in this paper is based on the Cartesian coordinate system. In this paper, the power flow calculation is divided into several functions, and each function is packaged as a WCF service, releasing by IIS (Internet Information Service), and waiting for clients to call. WCF power flow function interface and calling procedure as shown in Figure 1. In the process of calculation, the client can display the data structure of node and branch to view the corresponding data and calculation results. In the course of the call, the user can also compile the program by itself instead of calling interface program. By comparing the calculated results, the users can achieve the purpose of self-learning, and maximize the exchange of information. 4th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Information Technology Applications (ICMMITA 2016) Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Computer Science Research, volume 71


Cyberterrorism, while being written about since the early 2000s, is still not fully understood as a strategic concept and whether such actions can be deterred is hotly contested. Some strategists and policy makers believe that acts of cyberterrorism, especially by non-state actors, may prove to be undeterrable. Yet the leadership of both state and non-state actors tend to act rationally and function strategically, and therefore they can, in fact, be deterred to some degree. Helping to shape the legitimate options following a significant cyberattack, the Law of Armed Conflict has salient considerations for the deterrence of cyberterrorism, particularly the principles of military necessity and lawful targeting. Furthermore, when considered holistically and using all available means, deterrence combined with dissuasion activities can lessen the likelihood of cyberterrorism, while mitigating any consequences should such a cyberattack actually occur. This article is available in Journal of Strategic Security: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol8/iss4/2


The penetration of renewable energy sources into the power grid has increased considerably during the past few decades. Modern power systems may include a variety of power sources such as photovoltaic (PV), wind turbines, energy storage systems, in addition to the conventional power plants. Such systems require careful stability analysis to prevent stability issues that may cause damage. One important case is the subsynchronous resonance that appears due to the interaction between inverters and series compensated power lines, which has caused damage and power failure recently. Impedance stability analysis is a powerful tool that is used for this purpose. In this model, a power source is represented as current source in parallel with a Norton impedance. However, measurement of the equivalent impedance model can be a difficult task in practice, particularly for high capacity inverters. In this paper, controller hardware-in-the-loop (C-HIL) is used to measure the subsynchronous impedance of a 3.36 MW PV inverter. The results show that measurement with C-HIL provides a powerful and accurate solution for this purpose that precludes the need for full hardware testing. A simulation model using PSCAD software is also built and the impedance measurement results are compared with the experiment.


Risk aversion and price discovery are the important economic function of the futures market and are important indicators to determine the futures market. In view of fuel oil futures market undertaking the important pioneer task of the Chinese oil futures market, this article took Shanghai fuel oil futures market as the research object. Based on co-integration theory being intrinsically linked to the futures market, the author studied economic function by co-integration model. The results showed that Chinese fuel oil futures market had the function of price discovery and could realize hedging.


Boc-derivatives of the six 13C-labelled glycines with or without 15N have been prepared by a direct approach from the corresponding bromoacetates and three of them converted into 15N-labelled amides by an efficient procedure to give isotopomers with 2–4 adjacent 13C and 15N nuclei; their coupling constants have been recorded.


Grouped multivariate data can be tested for differences between two or more groups using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). However, this method cannot be used if several assumptions of MANOVA are violated. In this case, multidimensional scaling (MDS) and analysis of distance (AOD) can be applied to grouped dissimilarities based on the various distances. A permutation test is a non-parametric method that can also be used to test differences between groups. MDS is used to calculate the coordinates of observations from dissimilarities and AOD is useful for finding group structure using the coordinates. In particular, AOD is mathematically associated with MANOVA if using the Euclidean distance when computing dissimilarities. In this paper, we study the between and within group structure by applying MDS and AOD to the grouped dissimilarities. In addition, we propose a new test statistic using the group structure for the permutation test. Finally, we investigate the relationship between AOD and MANOVA from dissimilarities based on the Euclidean distance.


To reduce the constraints on user activities by user interface equipments, and to support wearable computing requirements, the current work reports the on-going development of a wearable multi-purpose input device. Touch of the fingertip over a ring like finger wearable device is sensed and the touch location and touch pressure information are interpreted to generate the intended command to the host system. Design requirements of single finger operated interface in the context of various applications are analyzed. The selected sensing approaches, sensor element placements and interpretation of user operations are explained. The features of the implemented prototypes are discussed


Job stress can negatively affect the health of employees. As such, the investigation of its characteristics in different professional categories is relevant. The aim in this study was to analyze the predictive power of seven stressors (decision latitude, psychological demands at work, physical demands at work, social support from colleagues, ergonomic stressors, relationships with clients, job insecurity) for job dissatisfaction, depression and psychosomatic problems in a sample of 702 Brazilian lawyers. The data were collected using a Brazilian version of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). The results showed that decision latitude and social support were the main negative predictors of stress, while psychological demands and job insecurity were its main positive predictors. These results are discussed in the light of the demand-support-control model, which was used as a framework for the research.


Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a subtype of cutaneous melanoma notorious for poor outcomes that disproportionately affect individuals with skin of color (e.g., African‐, Hispanic‐, Asian‐descent) when compared to mortality rates among non‐Hispanic White populations. There are several societal factors that contribute to racial disparities in ALM, including a lack of representative educational material in the context of patient education and medical instruction. This gap in representative information for the US population includes risk of disease, patterns of incidence, and differences in disease presentation in skin of color. The atypical presentation of ALM on acral volar skin sites makes early detection challenging and necessitates an increased index of suspicion on the part of physicians and patients alike. Studies underscoring the importance of early detection in reducing mortality risk make the availability of adequate representative educational materials indispensable.


Abstract Ashcroft empty core pseudopotentials and Ichimaru and Utsumi screening are used to calculate interatomic pair potentials which reproduce the measured entropies of some liquid and hot solid metals. It is found that the empty core radii vary rather continuously with volume from phase to phase. This variation can, however, be rather strong in some cases (e.g. Na, Mg) if not in others (e.g. Al). Such a possibility should be considered, therefore, whenever volume changes are significant and, in particular, across solid-liquid phase boundaries. In Na and Mg, the interatomic force appears to be at least semi-quantitatively given over the small region between the effective collision diameter in the liquid and the nearest neighbour distance in the solid; elsewhere, it is scarcely tested by the fitting exercise. In Al and Ge, the analysis is consistent with a loss (partial or total) of minimum of the pair potentials in the nearest neighbour regions. The importance of these regions for the solid state analy...