In this paper we investigate the interaction between soil and agricultural tools by computer simulations. From the nature of the soil-tool interaction comes high rate of deformation and displacement. To be able to handle these circumstances and successfully perform an analysis we have chosen a mesh-free method called Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics. It is a constantly developing method, since it does not need much computing resources and there are several relatively easily useable programs which can implement it. We know about use of SPH for geological problems, but we have not found any paper yet about using it for soil-tool interaction. AUTODYN, the explicit dynamic accessory of the well-known program family, ANSYS was selected to our examinations. However it has many built in material model, we have chosen a modified Drucker-Prager model. We investigated more 2D and 3D geometries and compared the results of the draught force to the analytical method, McKyes (1985), and in some cases to real soil-bin tests. We can say as a conclusion that the SPH seems to be a very promising approach for simulating the interaction with cohesive materials and it is at least so accurate than any other methods we know, but needs much less computational time and power.


Generally, the Astronomical Book stands far apart from the Torah; save the fact that Gen 1:14-16 is dealing also, though in a different manner, with the "lights of heaven" (1 En 72:1). Much more fruitful is a comparison of 1 Enoch 6-36 and the Torah, especially Gen 1-11. Aramaic Levi is a document that assumes an anti-Zadokite stance by endorsing "a pre- Zadokite ideal priesthood", and there are strong reasons to suppose that early Enochic literature was similarly produced under the influence of "a nonconformist priestly tradition". The interest Enoch suddenly develops in the Mosaic Torah and in the biblical reports about the history of Israel coincides temporally more or less with the persecution under Antiochus the largest crisis Judaism experienced between the destruction of the first Temple in 586 BCE and of the second Temple in 70 CE. Keywords: 1 Enoch; Astronomical Book; Enochic literature; Judaism; Mosaic Torah


State-resolved differential cross sections (DCSs) of NO (j'' = 0.5, Ω'' = 1/2) + Ar → NO (j', Ω' = 1/2, 3/2) + Ar have been measured at a collision energy of 516 cm-1 by means of the crossed molecular beam velocity-map ion-imaging method. DCSs were obtained for twenty final (j', Ω') states including spin-orbit conserving (ΔΩ = 0) and changing (ΔΩ = 1) transitions, and compared with the results of full close-coupling scattering calculations based on ab initio potential energy surfaces. Remarkable agreement between theory and experiment was seen in the DCSs for the ΔΩ = 0 transitions, while small discrepancies were found for the ΔΩ = 1 transitions.


A malt beverage having a low alcohol content is brewed by preparing a malt and cereal infusion having an extract content below about 14%, boiling to obtain a wort, adding a predetermined quantity of hops to said wort, which is then aerated to ail oxygen content of 15 - 35 mu g per litre, pitching the wort with a yeast slurry to provide a cell count of about 80 to about 180 million yeast cells per ml and fermenting at a temperature of about 3 DEG C to about 10 DEG C for 1 to 40 hours. The yeast is then removed from the fermented wort, and the resulting brew is filtered, and electrolyzed with a copper electrode to remove H2S. The alcohol concentration of the brew is then adjusted with carbonated water to a preselected level, and then the resultant brew is aged for at least 24 hours.


A hybrid organic-inorganic sol-gel coating with the addition of wollastonite particles is used as a potential solution to improve performance of low cost AISI 316L stainless steel. This work is focused on characterising the coatings by studying their synthesis and deposition, electrochemical, and in vitro and in vivo response. The coated implants presented in vitro Ca/P-rich apatitic precursors phases on their surface and acceptable electrochemical behaviour. The in vivo response regarding bone formation seems to be excellent either with the implant in contact with bone marrow, in contact with the endostium or in contact with the trabecular bone. The bioactive and regenerative responses of bone tissue to the TEOS-MTES-wollastonite system over-compensate the coating deterioration reaction, making these coatings as a good way to improve osseo-integration of stainless steel for long term use implants.


Ambient particles contain substantial quantities of material that can be lost from the particles during sample collection on a filter, including ammonium nitrate and semivolatile organic compounds. The real-time ambient mass sampler (RAMS) described in this paper has been developed for the accurate continuous monitoring of fine particulate material. The previously published version of the RAMS had significant problems with a variable blank correction. A series of experiments conducted in Provo, UT, during December, 1998, indicated that nitrogen oxides and water were the major contributors to a high morning blank. This blank was minimized by heating the Brigham Young University Organic Sampling System (BOSS) charcoal diffusion denuder and adding multichannel annular denuders coated with triethanolamine (TEA) to remove NO 2 . This new configuration of the RAMS was used to collect samples on 5 consecutive days in Provo, UT. These results were compared to measurements made in both 6 h and 24 h integrated samples using the Particle Concentrator-BOSS (PC-BOSS). An average of 1% of the Provo fine particulate material was present as ammonium nitrate and 15% as semivolatile organic material, which were lost from a filter during sampling for samples collected over 24 h and 6 h average periods. These species were correctly determined by the RAMS.


Abstract. Future progress on the creation of wheat cultivars with high grain zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) mineral density will depend on both the availability of suitable donor germplasm and the identification of genes or quantitative trait loci contributing to increase the accumulation of mineral elements in the wheat kernels. Multi-environment field trials were conducted to evaluate the grain Zn, Fe and protein concentration of 32 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 20 durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var. durum) landraces locally adapted to soils covering a wide range of pH values and mineral composition. These landraces were selected after a preliminary, small-scale field trial that had analysed 425 Spanish local varieties. Analyses of variance demonstrated a significant effect of genotype on grain composition, and 16 wheat landraces with elevated grain Zn and/or Fe density across the environments were identified. These landraces rich in grain minerals represent valuable primary gene-pool parents for wheat biofortification. No pattern of native soil geochemical characteristics that could help to predict the success in collecting mineral-dense genotypes in a given area was found. Mapping populations derived from some pairs of grain-mineral-rich and -poor genotypes characterised in the study may facilitate the development of molecular markers to assist the selection of superior wheat genotypes.


The invention discloses a switch-on angle and switch-off angle adjusting method for a switched reluctance motor. In excitation, flow-continuing and flow-returning working periods of the switched reluctance motor, currents and voltages of the three periods are measured and transmistted to a single-chip microcomputer; an energy recovery efficiency is calculated through the single-chip microcomputer; the energy recovery efficiency is compared with an optimal-parameter table stored in the single-chip microcomputer; and according to the comparison result, switch-on and switch-off angles are adjusted through a drive circuit so that the energy recovery efficiency is approximate to the maximum energy recovery efficiency. The switch-on angle and switch-off angle adjusting method for the switched reluctance motor is high in practicality so that the motor is enabled to reach the maximum energy recovery efficiency at a significantly high speed.


When the ulna is fractured, what happens to the radius? Usually it is fractured also, but if not, what then? Almost invariably in the case of indirect violence, and frequently in the case of direct violence, if the radius is not fractured, the radial head is dislocated. Unless one is specifically looking for it (and particularly if the elbow joint is not included in the roentgenogram) a dislocated radial head can easily be overlooked until the patient's continuing disability two or three months later forces a readjustment of the surgeon's complacency that "only the ulna was fractured." The dislocation of the radial head is overlooked largely because most physicians have not been trained to look for it. The ulnar fracture is frequently 3 or 4 inches (7.6 or 10 cm.) below the elbow; attention is immediately centered on the obvious lesion, and unless one's first reaction on seeing a fracture


An analytic expression for the inversion and intensity of the Jaynes-Cummings model with cavity damping is derived in the rotating-wave approximation for vanishing thermal photon numbers. Using the s-parametrized quasiprobability distributions of Cahill and Glauber [Phys. Rev. 177, 1882 (1969)], the equation of motion for the density operator is transformed into c-number equations for the quasiprobability functions


Nanotip-enhanced microplasma devices have been successfully fabricated and operated with neon gas at room temperature. The panel-type microplasma device included nanotip and metal electrodes on the rear panel, which provided low discharge voltage, strong emission, and stable discharge phenomena. The nanotip with a radius below 10 nm enhances the electrical field distribution density. The electrical properties of neon discharges have been examined with pulsed waveforms from 2 to 20 kHz in neon with pressures from 4 times 104 to 105 Pa.


In this paper, I will address the theme of residential environment and health. The paper will try to demonstrate how residential environments through an analysis of inadequate housing, affects the inhabitants towards the inhabiting function. The overall aim of this submission is to describe how such housing in a deprived residential environment context negatively affects the inhabiting function and in this way creates social suffering. Living in decent conditions affords access to intimacy, privacy and hospitality, avoids outside threats and creates the conditions for a social subject to interact with the social world and his environment. The notion of "inhabiting" is to be considered as a relational process between oneself and the social body, between oneself and his environment. What happens then when dwellings and residential environment do not assure those functions? What happens when the residential environment being stigmatised depreciates the inhabitants? How do the inhabitants see and understand themselves? What are the expressions of social suffering? What kind of skills and tactics do the inhabitants develop to face up and deal with this environment? Using anthropological data and ethnographical research work undertaken in the urban area of Marseille (France), in rundown suburban condominions, private housing, inadapted homes, we will describe how energy deprivation, damp, lack of running water, overcrowding, malfunctioning lifts, insalubrity have consequences on everyday life and on mental health, and how residential environment is felt to be stigmatising and depreciating for the inhabitants and affects the relation process to themselves.


Considered the leading position of the preparation of basketball teams in high schools. The system includes the following: reliance on top-quality players in the structure of preparedness, widespread use of visual aids, teaching movies and cartoons with a record of technology implementation of various methods by professional basketball players, the application of the methods of autogenic and ideomotor training according to our methodology. The study involved 63 students 1.5 courses from various universities of Kharkov 1.2 digits: 32 experimental group and 31 - control. The developed system of training students, basketball players used within 1 year. The efficiency of the developed system in the training process of students, basketball players.


New oxorhenium(V) complex was prepared and characterized by an X-ray crystal analysis. The complex showed characteristic releasing property of monodentate ligand and high oxygen atom transfer catalytic activity from 2,6-lutidine-N-oxide to PPh 3 .


Optical mark recognition (OMR) is an accumulation technique that substantially repossessed for examinations comprising multiple choice questions (MCQ) in educational institutes. For estimating the OMR sheets, current techniques needs steadfast scanner, high quality paper for OMR sheet, OMR software and high fidelity layout of OMR sheet. These techniques reduce cost but in a very accurate way. In most of the countries, this techniques are repossessed to manage many competitive entrance examinations. On account of high expense, small institutes, individual teachers and tutors cannot use this technique. By dint of the truancy of any precision, fast, powerful and low-cost OMR software, they utilize to manually grading the answer sheets. In this paper, we are used the low-quality images captured using mobile phone camera for OMR detection and gives less computation time by this steadfast technique. The purpose which is exploited that the computer vision basis associates the edition of extremity contradiction of data, that designs the template signifying precipitous strut without compromising the look of OMR answer sheet in the OMR sheet.


With a policy of free entry, individuals, firms, or community groups who wish to supply power, water, and sanitation services can do so with minimal legal restrictions. Free entry is the opposite of"exclusivity"or"legal monopoly". Free entry is allowed in most industries, but governments usually allow only one provider of power, water, and sanitation in any given area. This is supposed to prevent wasteful duplication and ensure a supply of essential services to poor and marginal areas. But monopoly water and power utilities often operate at high cost, lack funds to invest, and provide low-quality, unreliable service. Worse, poor and marginal areas are often unserved. When the monopoly model doesn't work, it is time to look at alternatives. The authors provide examples of alternative solutions in developing countries: *In Karachi, Pakistan, the Orangi Pilot Project provides sanitation in an unplanned settlement. Roughly 800,000 working class people lived in an area where sanitary conditions were medievaland a long-hoped-for sewerage system never came. Starting in 1980, a charitable group developed a low-cost approach to piped sanitation, explained the technology to the community, and catalyzed community action. Householders and neighborhoods funded the construction of household pourflush latrines and sewerage lines. * In Paraguay, 300 to 400 private individuals and aguateros supply good quality piped water to areas unserved by the public water company. Unlike the public company, the aguateros allow payment of connection fees on installment, making it easier for low-income consumers to connect. * In Yemen, small-scale electricity providers innovatively meet the rural and village demand for electricity that the public utility does not meet. These entrants seldom duplicate investments, although some government intervention to ensure interconnection could improve efficiency. Limitations on entry may sometimes be justified for environmental reasons or to promote private sector investment, but those cases are rare. Legalizing alternative providers will allow them to expand and meet new needs. Limits on their entry may be needed sometimes, but limits should be the exception, not the rule, the authors argue. Generally, free entry should be allowed in power, water, and sanitation.


This study was intended to determine the effect of adding beach sand to clay soil on the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) test. The methodology in this research is testing soil characteristics, composition of the Proctor Standard test mixture and Dynamic Cone Penetrometer testing. The results showed that the soil met the characteristics of a clay soil. From the Proctor Standard test on a mixture variation of 0%, 7%, 14%, 21%, there was an increase in the optimum moisture content and the maximum dry density. From the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) test, the CBR value increased at each additional variation from 0% to 21%. Beach sand increases the CBR value of the soil so that it can be used to increase the bearing capacity of clay soil.


Introduction: Bronchiolitis is one of the most common medical emergencies in infancy.  One in three infants will develop bronchiolitis in the first year of life.  2 - 3% of these require hospitalisation.
Aim: To assess adherence to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and American Academy of Paediatrics Clinical Practice Guidelines for Bronchiolitis regarding the practice of performing a chest X - ray in infants aged less than 6 months presenting with viral bronchiolitis.
Methodology: Data was collected on infants aged less than 6 months presenting to the Accident and Emergency department (A&E), Mater Dei Hospital, Malta or admitted with bronchiolitis between January - April 2016 and October - February 2016 - 2017.  The data was retrieved retrospectively from medical records, processed and compared to the guidelines.  Approval was obtained from the Audit Committee and Data Protection Act Committee.
Results: 148 patients were included in the study.  81 (54.7%) had a chest X - ray.  67 (82.7%) of the chest X - rays taken were normal.  28 (34.6%) of the chest X - rays taken were indicated according to the guidelines.  Only 9 out of the 81 chest X - rays taken (11.1%) led to a change in management.
Conclusion: Overall percentage compliance to the guidelines was 64.2%.  Compliance may be improved by having an easily available local guideline, familiarising paediatric trainees with the guidelines and increasing awareness of the harmful effects of radiation.


In Korea cold wave starts end of September and suddenly becomes severe in mid October. The coldest period is from mid. January to mid. February, and windy season follows and the Spring gradually returns. The Pheasants spend the incubation period in low hills and cultivated plains but the Summer is spent in the adjucent territory where protein food and water are easily obtained. In September gras is cut and by early November the rice harvest is completed. They make local movement accordingly. From October the Pheasants do much damage to young wheat. In the Autumn they live chiefly in cultivation and eat locusts and other such food. From mid December they move into hillsides for more food and warmth. The female completes moult at end of November but some young delays till end of December or even later. In December the cock which moult early ascend hills while female and young still remain in the plain. Therefore two sexes flock separately: females are chiefly found in deciduous forest while males in mixed forest of deciduous and coniferous trees. The cock starts crowing in early March to pair and do much damage to bean fields. After the sunrise to 8 or 9 a. m. and from 4 p. m. to sunset are the best feeding hours.


Background: We are laryngologists, to observe natural phonatory and swallowing functions, in every clinical examination with trans-nasal laryngeal fiberscope (TNLF), before the observation, we use epinephrine to enlarge and smoothen inside common nasal meatus (bottom of nostril), then insert wet swab inside the nose, like a swab culture in nasopharynx. In particular current COVID-19 pandemic situation, this careful technique prevents any complications even nasal bleeding, painfulness, and inducing sneezing. Here we introduce our routine to observe esophageal movement in swallowing in natural setting (sitting position) without anesthesia.Case presentation: A case was 70-year-old female who complained something stuck esophagus or strange sensation below the larynx and pharynx. After enlarge and smoothen inside common nasal meatus we insert the TNLF (slim type ⌀29mm fiberscope, VNL8-J10, PENTAX Medical, Tokyo, Japan.) in a same way. Then observe the phonatory and swallowing movement of vocal folds. To get natural movements we had never used any anesthesia. There was no pathological condition in the pyriform sinus, we asked a patient to swallow the fiberscope. At that timing we push the TNLF and insert the tip a bit deeper simultaneously with swallowing, which make the fiberscope easily enter the esophagus like the insertion of nasogastric tube. Then asked the patient to swallow sip of water or saliva, the lumen of esophagus cleared and enlarged. This makes to observe esophagus easily without any air supply. The esophagus is completely normal except glycogenic acanthosis with tone enhancement scan. Conclusions: The advance point of this examination is easily able to perform in sitting position without anesthesia, also takes only a minute and minimum invasive to observe the physiologically natural swallowing. It is also possible without anesthesia until esophagogastric junction using with a thin type flexible bronchoscopy. In the future, diameter of gastric fiberscope even with narrow band imaging (NBI) function might be gradually getting thinner. Before that time every physician should know this technique. Just insert along the bottom of nose.


The paper is devoted to special variance analysis was performed to study the influence of field measurement errors on uncertainties of reservoir model parameters. Resolution power of measurements is discovered by means of two-phase 2-D model sensitivity coefficients. Fast method for sensitivity coefficient calculations is presented.


A partially inserted electrical connector model based on a two-level nonlinear least squares (NLS) approach is proposed. The connector is characterized as a transmission line, broken into sections. The model precisely captures resonant frequency shifts as insertion depth changes from a fully inserted to a barely touching contact by varying only two length parameters.


Objective To explore the relation between clinical pathological typing and prognosis of sacrococcygeal chordoma. Methods The clinical manifestations, pathological typing, operation results of 24 cases were analysed through followed up. Results 9 cases of cartilagical chordoma survived 5 5 years on average. 15 cases of classical chordoma survived 3 5 year on average. In 3 cases, the tumors on the site under S 3 were completely resected,and no recurrence were observed after 2, 2 5 and 4 years follow up. 13 cases of 21 cases with intracystic resection recurred after 2 years. Conclusion The prognosis of cartilaginous chordoma is better than that of classical chordoma. The complete resection of tumor including sacrum may obtain better result, but it is usually difficult to realize.


During and after absorption in the intestine, quercetin is extensively metabolised by the phase II biotransformation system. Because the biological activity of flavonoids is dependent on the number and position of free hydroxyl groups, a first objective of this thesis was to investigate the consequences of phase II metabolism of quercetin for its biological activity. For this purpose, a set of analysis methods comprising HPLC-DAD, LC-MS and 1 H NMR proved to be a useful tool in the identification of the phase II metabolite pattern of quercetin in various biological systems. These studies showed that the 3'- and 4'-hydroxyl groups of quercetin, (catechol hydroxyl groups) were important targets for methylation, sulfation and glucuronidation. Methylation of a catechol hydroxyl group of quercetin proved to decrease the pH-dependent radical scavenging capacity of the compound, both by increasing its pK a for deprotonation and by decreasing its electron-donating properties. Methylation of a catechol hydroxyl group had a similar effect as replacement of the hydroxyl group by a hydrogen atom. Regarding the pro-oxidant properties of quercetin, methylation of a catechol hydroxyl group of quercetin did not eliminate the pro-oxidant chemistry of quercetin, reflected in the formation of covalent adducts with glutathione upon oxidation of quercetin by horseradish peroxidase. However, methylated quercetin proved to form only 42% of the level of DNA adducts in exposed cells as compared to a similar amount of unconjugated quercetin, indicating that methylation of quercetin attenuates also this biological reactivity towards DNA. A second objective of this thesis was to obtain more insight into the possible toxic effects of quercetin by studying various mechanisms that might be relevant in the context of carcinogenesis. Quercetin appeared to have a biphasic effect on the proliferation of cancer cell lines expressing the estrogen receptor (ER). The stimulation of cancer cell proliferation was ER-dependent and appeared to occur at concentrations that are physiologically relevant in humans. With respect to the pro-oxidant activity of quercetin, peroxidase- and tyrosinase-type oxidative enzyme activity did not play a major role in the intracellular formation of covalent adducts of quercetin with DNA and protein, indicating that the formation of covalent adducts of quercetin with cellular macromolecules might also be relevant in cell types lacking oxidative enzyme activity. Furthermore, the covalent quercetin DNA adducts were of transient nature, which may either eliminate or attenuate the adverse effects of covalent DNA adduct formation. The studies presented in this thesis provided indications for the dualistic character of quercetin, regarding its role in the process of cancer development.


In the era of the vanishing of conventional energy sources, battery technology has gained tremendous demand. Thus, for the safe operation and the optimized utilization of the battery, it's modelling, and the state estimation is essential. However, in real-time situations, the accurate estimation of battery is quite hard and challenging because of its nonlinear characteristic and the influence of the various factors like driving load characteristics and operational conditions on battery performance. The state of charge (SOC) is a key parameter in the battery which gives an amount of the energy stored in the battery and it depends on various external factors like aging, temperature, and charging-discharging rate of the battery. In the literature, various methods exist for SOC estimation, however, these methods fail to consider the effect of external parameters. In view of this, the paper proposes a method in which the effect of the temperature is considered in SOC estimation by re-framing the existing state space battery model. This revised battery model is obtained by considering a temperature coefficient which illustrates the relation between SOC and the temperature. For the SOC estimation, an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) approach is used. Furthermore, the proposed method considers the influence of external factors as well as nonlinear characteristics of the battery. Finally, the proposed methodology is validated in MATLAB, for different temperature scenarios and the results shows the impact of temperature variation on SOC estimation.


This is the last time you are going to see Chicago style being used in the Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly (JMCQ). This issue is a collector's item that many of you may want to keep on your bookshelves. As we are moving to APA style from the autumn issue, you will see fewer footnotes and our explicit editorial policy discouraging excessive self-citations as listed in our Information for Contributors. The APA style puts authors' names within the main body text, while the references are listed by the authors' last names in alphabetical order. This makes the authors' names much more visible than the Chicago style. Regarding this, some authors received a note from me asking them to refrain from citing their own works too much, because that would have identified them easily. They have been asked to cut their self-citations before we sent the manuscripts out to reviewers. Authors certainly may have done many prior works on the topic that they would like to refer in the manuscript. At a time when impact factor and number of citations is becoming more and more important for institutions, it is understandable that authors may want to include as many of their own works in the manuscript as possible. However, this practice will threaten the integrity of the blind review process. When a reviewer sees an article citing five or more works from the same individual, he or she will question the relationship between the author and the individual who got cited so many times. As scholars, we should be judicious in citing our own works and acknowledge others who also have contributed to the same topic. Simply listing "author" without name in front of the citation will not help as it is very easy to find online the author from the article title nowadays. Citing the author's own works the same way as others' works is the best way to avoid the author being identified.As I started posting tweets on Twitter for our articles, I realized how our JMCQ articles aroused interest of political scientists, sociologists, scientists, and people in other fields from their retweets. In addition to increasing the theoretical and methodological rigor of our field, highlighting the relationship of our research with other fields will broaden the impact and elevate the status of research in our field. One thing I did quite often recently was to suggest to some of our accepted manuscript authors to consider making their titles more relevant to readers and highlighting the unique contribution or essence of the study. In these days with short text messages dominating online conversations, a good title, just like a news headline, will make a big difference to how many people read the text of the full article. An article with a title that does not reflect the article well will drastically lower its readership potential.New Keyword System in JMCQAuthors and reviewers should know that we now use a new set of keyword categories in the JMCQ manuscript submission system. There are nine keyword categories that are standardized, and all authors are required to choose one or more item in each category as appropriate for their submitted manuscript specifically and themselves as scholars. The nine keyword categories are (1) Topic (34 topics),1 (2) Approach (Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed, Conceptual only), (3) Method (19 methods),2 (4) Statistics (12 common statistical techniques, quantitative research only),3 (5) Medium (14 media types including media in general),4 (6) Country of study or expertise,5 (7) Theory (29 common theories and a write-in category),6 (8) Research interests related to any of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC) division/interest group,7 and (9) author's own keywords (other than those keywords given in the eight categories). I hope this scheme is comprehensive enough to accommodate all types of manuscripts, authors, and reviewers. It will also help new authors to easily see if their manuscript falls within the scope of our journal when they check the categories. …


Medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductases of the liver alcohol dehydrogenase type are zinc metalloenzymes (Vallee and Hoch, 1957; Akeson, 1964; Drum et aI., 1969), with two zinc atoms per subunit, one catalytic at the active site and one structural at a site influencing subunit interactions (Sytkowski and Vallee, 1976; Branden et aI., 1975). In horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase and in all other mammalian liver forms, the structural zinc atom is liganded by four closely spaced Cys residues, at positions 97, 100, 103, and 111 (Branden et aI., 1975; Vallee and Auld, 1990). The mechanism by which this zinc atom maintains its structural role is largely unknown. To probe the metal-binding characteristics of the structural zinc site of alcohol dehydrogenase, we have analyzed zinc-binding to a synthetic replica of the protein segment containing the four Cys residues and covering residues 93-115 of the parent molecule. Previously we have shown this peptide to mimick the metal-binding properties of the intact enzyme in cobalt-substitution experiments (Bergman et aI., 1992; Bergman et aI., 1993; Gheorghe et aI., 1995) and we have now continued this study and investigated experimental approaches to determine the zinc-binding constant. Titration of the peptide/metal complex with a metallochromic chelator is potentially a useful technique and we now report on tests with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (cf. Hunt et aI., 1985) to analyze the zinc site.


We consider a model of a two-stage push-pull production-distribution supply chain. The orders arrive at the final stage according to a Poisson process. Two separate operations, which take place at different locations with exponential service times, are required to convert the raw materials into finished goods. When the first operation is completed the intermediate inventory is held at the first stage and then transported to the second stage where the items are produced to order. The objective is to minimize the average sum of the production, transportation, and holding costs. We consider the optimal policy for a version of this model. Our experimental analysis demonstrates that this optimal policy is counter-intuitive. We develop a heuristic based on a deterministic version of this model, and computationally test the heuristic.


The period bookended by initial Māori-Pākehā contact at one end, and the Treaty of Waitangi and the beginning of mass Pākehā migration at the other, is an underrepresented stage of New Zealand history. In his study The Meeting Place, Vincent O"Malley purports to examine 1642-1840. 1 Likewise, in a prequel to his previous studies of New Zealand in the 1830s and the 1840s, Paul Moon"s A Savage Country is confined to the 1820s. 2 It is pleasing to see this important time of change, for both Māori and Pākehā, as the focus of further historical investigation. During the early-nineteenth-century, whalers referred to the Tasman Sea as the "middle ground" and, as James Belich notes, during this period "the Tasman Sea was more bridge than barrier", linking New Zealand and New South Wales. 3 The importance of New South Wales in the history of New Zealand at this time is acknowledged, albeit implicitly, in both The Meeting Place and A Savage Country. This recognition represents a pleasing historiographical turn since Belich"s 1996 assertion that New Zealand and New South Wales share "a joint past historians in both countries seem reluctant to recognise." 4 An implicit understanding of a connected Tasman world is not sufficient however. Moon"s discussion of the Reverend Samuel Marsden and Māori, for example, would benefit greatly from an understanding of Marsden"s interactions with and beliefs about Aboriginal peoples of New South Wales, which shaped his encounters with, and belief in the potential of, Māori. 5


Physical data interpolation is a common issue in geosciences. For many variables of interest, the measurements are often sparse and irregularly distributed in time and space. Analyzing the data usually requires a numerical model, which samples the data on a regular grid. Mapping irregular measurements on a regular grid is done by interpolation, which aims to generalize, but not to create, information. A popular method to map geophysical data is kriging. This method, based on the hypothesis that the measurements are realizations of a random variable, has been proven to be optimal under certain conditions. It requires solving a system of linear equations at each point where the interpolation must be done, which might be computationally heavy. The paper proposes an original interpolation method based on Kohonen networks. The method is applied to the problem of building a surface-temperature climatology in the Mediterranean Sea. The method performs very well, combining an accuracy comparable with usual kriging methods with a shorter computing time, and is especially efficient when a great amount of data is available. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 recalls the backgrounds of kriging techniques. Section 3 describes the adaptation of self-organizing maps to the spatial interpolation problem. The results of actual data interpolation in an oceanographic problem are presented and discussed. The last section draws conclusions and perspectives.


The realization that chemotherapeutic agents induce apoptosis raises the concern that tumors resistant to chemotherapy are unable to initiate the apoptotic program. In the present study, we examined the apoptosis‐resistance mechanism of a multidrug‐resistant cell line, A549/CPT, which was established from the human lung‐cancer cell line A549 by in vitro selection with gradually increased camptothecin (CPT) concentrations. We found that A549/CPT cells were resistant to anti‐cancer drug‐induced apoptosis in which caspase‐3‐like protease activity was attenuated remarkably, compared with parental A549 cells. We observed 2 mechanisms associated with apoptosis resistance in A549/CPT cells: over‐expression of anti‐apoptotic bcl‐2 and elevated expression of p21Waf1/Cip1. Transfection of either bcl‐2 or p21Waf1/Cip1 cDNA into parental A549 cells resulted in resistance to apoptosis. Furthermore, the co‐treatment of p21Waf1/Cip1 and bcl‐2 anti‐sense oligodeoxynucleotides restored drug susceptibility in A549/CPT cells more effectively than either one of them alone. These results indicate that co‐induction of bcl‐2 and p21Waf1/Cip1 in A549/CPT cells may be involved in acquired drug resistance by inhibiting caspase‐mediated apoptosis. Agents aimed at preventing both bcl‐2 and p21Waf1/Cip1 expression may increase the efficiency of chemotherapy. Int. J. Cancer 83:790–797, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


SUBTITLE: A NEW INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT COVERING CREW WAGES AND CONDITIONS IS SET TO HERALD A NEW ERA FOR INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS IN SHIPPING. STEPHEN MATTHEWS REPORTS ON ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR OWNERS AND MANAGERS IN TEWRMS OF CREWING AND CREW COSTS.


Using deuterium labelled compounds the mechanisms of methyl as well as methanol elimination from the title compounds have been established. It can be shown that in the case of 4-methoxy-methyl benzoic acid methyl ester the unusual methanol elimination from the [M-methyl]+ ion probably proceeds via the formation of a π-complex and a ring expansion reaction. In addition to this novel fragmentation some ortho-effects and other fragmentation reactions useful for an analytical identification of the ortho/para-isomers by means of mass spectrometry are discussed.


Geochemical analyses of sediment core and water samples from five wetlands along four major drainages of the Animas River watershed study area were undertaken to characterize wetland chemistry in an acid drainage regime. The objectives of this study were to determine the capability of the wetlands to retain or release metals produced by acid weathering processes that occur in the area, to examine the past and present effect of these weathering processes on the geochemistry of the wetland systems, and to investigate how these processes affect the composition of wetland sediment. Geochemical profiles in wetland cores and dating of cores by 14 C, 210 Pb, and 137 Cs chronology provided records of historical changes in the metal flux to the various wetlands. Analysis of nine sediment cores for major- and trace-element abundances (total and HCl-extractable concentrations), organic and mineral matter content, acid-volatile sulfide, and secondary iron oxyhydroxide revealed that, compared to iron bogs (iron-rich wetlands) in the same region, wetland sediment is characterized by higher organic content (10-90 weight percent) and generally lower concentrations of iron and aluminum. Mean concentrations from all nine cores range from 1.5 to 34.5 weight percent iron and from 3.9 to 6.9 weight percent aluminum. In individual samples, however, maximum concentrations of total iron and aluminum are as high as 50.1 and 12.0 weight percent, respectively. Trace-element content of wetland sediment varies widely. Maximum total concentrations of trace elements in wetland sediment are as follows: Cement Creek, 770 ppm copper, 1,600 ppm lead, 7,000 ppm zinc, and 88 ppm arsenic; Mineral Creek, 330 ppm copper, 700 ppm lead, 2,600 ppm zinc, and 57 ppm arsenic; South Fork Mineral Creek, 760 ppm copper, 190 ppm lead, 3,000 ppm zinc, and 37 ppm arsenic. The ranges of acid-extractable trace-element concentrations are copper, 17-200 ppm; lead, 17-640 ppm; zinc, 70-1,720 ppm; and arsenic, from below detection to 48 ppm. The percentage of an individual element that is acid extractable ranges from 0 to about 15 percent. Based on these iron, aluminum, and trace-element values, the wetlands appear to concentrate some elements within solid phases. Four water samples from South Fork Mineral Creek showed low concentrations of dissolved iron and aluminum (<1 ppm), zinc (<50 ppb), and arsenic (below detection; <10 ppb). The sample from the westernmost locality was highly acidic (pH 3.2) with relatively higher concentrations of dissolved major and trace elements, but sediment from the associated wetland had among the lowest total abundances of solid-phase metals. This results from decreased metal adsorption at lower pH and low availability of metals from surrounding rock units that are not highly mineralized or hydrothermally altered. The easternmost wetland sediment had slightly higher total metal abundances, and copper, in particular, was enriched in the sediment. These two samples illustrate the increasing importance of adsorptive processes with higher pH, and the increased availability of metals from altered or mineralized rocks (or windborne metal-bearing detritus) farther east along South Fork Mineral Creek. A water sample from mainstem Mineral Creek had 2-18 times higher concentrations of elements than South Fork Mineral Creek samples, a result of Mineral Creek draining an acid-sulfate alteration zone. A nearby wetland sediment was also enriched in most elements, probably through deposition of windborne metal-rich detritus. One site, the Forest Queen wetland along the upper Animas River, was cored in detail (five cores) to determine the role of sulfate reduction and resulting sulfide mineral formation in the sequestration of metals from influent acidic, metal-rich water. Acid-leaching (6N HCl) of sediment with recovery of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) was used to examine associations of metals with authigenic sulfide minerals. High concentrations of extractable metals generally were not associated with the highest AVS yields, indicating that although metals may be sequestered in iron monosulfide phases, the process is unevenly distributed throughout the wetland. The maximum total concentrations of trace elements in Forest Queen wetland sediment are copper, 215 ppm; lead, 1,600 ppm; zinc, 3,250 ppm; and arsenic, 73 ppm. Proximity to the source water and metal flux to core sites are important factors in metal enrichment. Element enrichment in the upper 60 cm and deeper than 80 cm indicate two possible flow paths and (or) sources of metal in the wetland.


Chapter 1 MEASURING IN A VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT This issue of Library Technology Reports explores the topic of measuring the use of electronic content and services provided by libraries. The approach taken is a practical one that helps librarians think about the issues involved and learn some practices to effectively document how library users take advantage of electronic content and services. Balance and perspective Anyone involved with libraries notices the growth in volume of electronic or digital information forms. But by no means are libraries becoming completely electronic. A realistic assessment reveals that most libraries continue to serve their traditional roles, complemented with an increasing amount of electronic components. This report focuses on measuring the use of the electronic and digital services and content offered by libraries. You will learn how to measure each aspect of the digital side of the library, but take care to use these measures in the context of the broader scope of the library's services, giving the traditional services equal voice. For each aspect of the library that takes some electronic form, there are likely traditional services that should be given equal statistical attention. Picture a continuum with the traditional library on one end and the theoretical, all-digital library on the other. Few, if any, libraries today are on either end of the continuum. Most libraries continue to have physical buildings, large collections of books, and patrons who come inside to read and do research. Patrons talk face-to-face with a librarian when they need guidance in finding materials. On the other end of the spectrum, an all-virtual library might exist without a building, offering a collection of all electronic materials that can be used from the convenience of the user's home or office. The collection would include a vast array of electronic books, would have the full text of journals and periodicals online, and would provide the assistance of a librarian through a live online reference service. For each aspect of the electronic components you seek to measure, the results should be placed into perspective, balanced by the larger context. Although a given statistic about an electronic library service may be interesting and impressive considered by itself, how does it compare with similar activities conducted by the library in nonelectronic form? Measure both the electronic and traditional forms of the service and see how the library stands in the continuum for this aspect of its operation. This report considers ways to measure each of the major aspects of the library that have electronic components, including the online catalog, the library's Web site, electronic content procured from vendors, and digital collections. Throughout this report, the terms electronic, digital, and virtual carry the same meaning. These terms all describe computer technology. No nuances of meaning are intended when using these terms. Likewise, the words use and usage have the same meaning. Increasing electronic investments The significant investment in digital content and electronic services make measuring their use important. Librarians of all types devote much of their time and resources to the creation, purchase, or maintenance of electronic resources and deliver an increasing amount of services via the Web to remote patrons. The level of investment in electronic resources and services by libraries is likely to continue to increase. Just as libraries have previously developed policies, systems, and procedures toward the measurement, assessment, and management of traditional library materials and services, the same processes need to take place in the electronic arena. The way libraries measure and assess their services must adapt to the changes that take place in patterns of use. The increased amount of electronic content naturally leads to higher levels of use beyond the physical confines of the library. …


The Medical Library Association's (MLA's) 2007 research policy statement [1] charged the MLA Research Section with defining the MLA research agenda on a recurring basis [2]. In 2008, the MLA Research Section's Research Agenda Committee used a group consensus technique known as the Delphi method that involved both researchers and leaders to articulate MLA's twelve highest priority research questions. The MLA Board adopted these twelve questions as the 2008 MLA research agenda. A subsequent article reporting these top twelve questions includes detailed description of the committee's research methodology [3]. Following several months of deliberation and in consultation with the MLA Board of Directors, the MLA Research Section's Executive Committee directed the Research Agenda Committee to conduct a new study during 2011, implementing the adaptations recommended in the previous report [4], while upgrading the methodology to improve the answerability of the questions. Although only a few years had passed, it also seemed possible that rapid technological changes and emerging societal conditions would produce a different set of top-ranked research questions. These deliberations led to important changes from the 2008 Delphi study. The 2008 study had generated two questions that were so lengthy and sprawling in their subject coverage that they would have been nearly impossible to answer, requiring that the authors strictly enforce a sixty-word limit during 2011. While the 2008 study had merged the MLA leaders and all members of the MLA Research Section into a single study population, the authors decided against including all Research Section members during 2011, because Research Section membership might reflect support for the research endeavor or a desire to learn more about research rather than actual research experience. Those Research Section members with research experience would be difficult to identify easily. A year after the 2008 study, the authors coincidentally learned of a concurrent 2008 Delphi method process that a team of Swedish researchers implemented for defining the research agenda for all Swedish librarians [5]. The authors otherwise know of no other Delphi method studies on defining a research agenda in librarianship, although, as indicated in the 2008 study report [3], this method has been used by other professions to define their research agendas.


1.IntroductionThe travel industry is characterized by the standardization of administrative mechanisms and the growing number of places and tourists. Being focused on satisfying customers' needs, and trying to preserve the balance between the environment and the commercial side of touristic activities, nowadays, tourism and its connected processes and services have an essential role within the society and the economy of countries all over the world. Taking into account all these aspects and the concern of legislative institutions about providing a legal framework for this industry, our paper is analyzing several European documents relevant to the modern-day context: Proposal for a Council Recommendation on European Tourism Quality Principles, Brussels, 20th February 2014; Flash Eurobarometer Report (March 2016); International tourism trends in EU-28 member states - Current situation and forecast for 2020-2025-2030 (European Commission, 2016).2.TourismNowadays, more and more people go on vacations, travel for fun or pleasure or on business. Most of them want to relax, to learn about new places or even visit new countries. Being aware of what motivates a person to travel tourism service providers can tailor their services in order to make them meet the customers' needs and expectations. Based on the purpose of visit tourism is categorized into the following: Leisure Tourism (for tourists "to experience a change in climate and place and learn something new, enjoy pleasant scenery, or to know more about the culture of a destination"), Cultural tourism or heritage tourism (to learn about "foreign lands and their cultures"), Religious tourism/Pilgrimage tourism/Spiritual tourism ("to visit holy cities and holy sites around the world"), Family Tourism ("While visiting friends or relatives, people also visit tourists' attractions in and around the city"), Health Tourism/Medical tourism ("to improve and rebuild their health and stamina"), Sports Tourism ("viewing or participating in a sporting event") and Adventure tourism, Educational Tourism ("visiting another country to learn about the culture"), Business Tourism ("attending a business meeting, conferences, conventions, selling products, meeting clients"). The Alternative forms of Tourism ("to use or share the services of local people ... the natural environment, authentic atmosphere and cuisine, and local traditions"). They promote eco-tourism, food tourism and agrorural tourism (National Institute of Open Schooling, 2013).3.Translation IssuesThe information related to tourism sometimes needs to be translated into a foreign language. A good translator should be able to understand the languages of the source and target texts, have knowledge of the field and concepts used, master a range of translation strategies, linguistic rules and structures, interpret the verbal signs, identify the lexical and semantic content, produce a valid text, and so on. By balancing theory and practice and joining the fields of law, (specialized) terminology, language and translation, one can gain a thorough insight into the art of translation (Bland et al., 2002: 27). The translator should make use of all necessary tools in order to generate a target-text as valuable as the original. The first step is to get familiarized with the main concepts and the vocabulary of the field, as one of the main difficulties that a translator has to face is related to the amount of knowledge from a specialized domain (Popescu and Chirobocea, 2013). By doing this, the text will be accessible to all target readers. Moreover, the translator will have to solve several problems when transferring the information from the source text into the target text since the language systems and the cultures may differ. At this point, subjectivity plays a paramount role as the translator addresses problems making judgments based on his/her own perspective, experience in the field, psychological traits, context and idiosyncrasies. …


Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in HIV-positive patients is associated with HIV specific factors, such as lipodystrophy and the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as traditional risk factors (including obesity, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome). 2 The risk of metabolic syndrome is doubled in HIV-positive patients compared to healthy controls, and this increased incidence is observed in both antiretroviralexperienced and antiretroviral-na€ive patients. In addition, HIV infection is associated with a higher risk of insulin resistance. As a consequence, and given the ageing HIV population, NAFLD has been reported in up to 15–60% of HIV-infected individuals. 5, 6 Vodkin et al. report that patients with HIV-associated NAFLD had significantly elevated aminotransferases and serum triglycerides, higher scores for non-invasive markers of fibrosis, increased rates of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and more features of liver injury on biopsy when compared to age–sex-matched controls with similar metabolic characteristics. Longer duration of HIV infection was the only variable significantly associated with the presence of NASH. It would be interesting to see data on the duration of ART, which the authors speculate may explain this observation. The authors did not find an association between antiretroviral regimen and incidence of NASH although numbers in each group were small and few patients were on antiretrovirals classically linked with NAFLD. Despite its limitations, this study provides important information on the severity of HIV-associated NAFLD. Non-invasive assessment of liver steatosis using transient elastography is now available. Diagnosing and assessing severity of NAFLD/NASH should form part of the monitoring of HIV-positive individuals particularly for those with metabolic syndrome, or lipodystrophy and/or abnormal LFTs. Presently, lifestyle modification and dietary advice represent the only interventions for HIV-associated NAFLD outwith the treatment of specific metabolic disorders, and should be implemented aggressively as part of a multi-disciplinary approach to patient care. 10


American College of C Surgeons Representa tative; xThe Society f tative; kSociety of {Society for Cardiov Society of America R Surgery Representati tative; zzAmerican He Advocate, Patient R Representative. Author Recusals: Writi from voting on sectio entities may apply; se This document was app (ACCF) Board of Tru Council, Society for C of Directors, Society 2012 and endorsed b (AHA) Science Adv Echocardiography (A (EACTS), Heart Fail Cardiovascular Anest phy (SCCT), and the January 2012. For the the ACCF Board of T ument, is available at: Officers-and-Trustees industry to the docum vote on approval. David R. Holmes, Jr, MD, FACC, Chair,* Michael J. Mack, MD, FACC, Vice Chair,y Sanjay Kaul, MBBS, FACC, Vice Chair,* Arvind Agnihotri, MD,z Karen P. Alexander, MD, FACC,* Steven R. Bailey,MD, FACC, FSCAI,x John H. Calhoon,MD,z Blase A. Carabello, MD, FACC,* Milind Y. Desai, MBBS, FACC,k,{ Fred H. Edwards, MD, FACC,y Gary S. Francis, MD, FACC, Timothy J. Gardner, MD, FACC,y A. Pieter Kappetein, MD, PhD,** Jane A. Linderbaum, MS, CNP, AACC,* Chirojit Mukherjee, MD,yyDebabrataMukherjee, MD, FACC,* CatherineM. Otto, MD, FACC,* Carlos E. Ruiz, MD, PhD, FACC, FSCAI,x Ralph L. Sacco, MD, MS, FAHA,zz Donnette Smith,xx and James D. Thomas, MD, FACCkk


PURPOSE: A microfluidic structure is provided to save an inner space and samples by analyzing various kinds of target materials through one time reaction and to be used as a process control. CONSTITUTION: A microfluidic structure comprises: a plurality of sample chambers; a reaction chamber in which two kinds of materials specifically reactive with two kinds of target materials; a detection chamber connected to the reaction chamber; passages connected to the chambers; and a valve for opening and shutting the passages. The material specifically reactive with two kinds of target materials is selected from the group consisting of protein, antigen, antibody, enzyme, DNA, PNA, RNA, hormone and chemical substance.


Simple graphs are often not able to accurately represent real world entities. Therefore, more complex data structures have been introduced, one of which is the so-called "multilayer network". Multilayer networks are used in multiple fields, such as medical science, where data can represent the correlation of diseases or social science, where data might represent different actors and their relationship to one another. Visualizing these complex data types is particularly challenging, as two-dimensional visualizations - the gold standard for graph visualizations - are often not good enough to gather deeper insight into the data, as big datasets quickly fill two-dimensional visualizations with visual clutter. Therefore, this thesis introduces a new visualization technique for multilayer networks by extending existing 2d state-of-the-art methods with a third dimensions. Our solution visualizes the layers as sub graphs on a two-dimensional plane, which are positioned around a sphere. To optimize the layout within the layer for multilayer networks, our solution calculates the position of individual nodes by considering connections within the same layer, as well as connections to other layers. To minimize visual clutter, edge bundling was implemented, additionally to a view, which restricts the visualization to nodes and edges of a single layer, as well as connections to nodes of other layers. Our results show that our solution with the additional space due to the third dimension, combined with an optimized layout, allows users to visualize larger networks and gather better insight into the data, compared to conventional two-dimensional solutions.


In this paper, we present three-step iterative method for solving nonlinear equations. The convergence analysis of the method is discussed. It is established that the new method has convergence order eight. Numerical examples are given to test the efficiency and performance of the method. Numerical tests show that the new method is comparable with the well known existing methods and in many cases gives better results. Our results can be considered as an improvement and refinement of the previously known results in the literature.


ain Cheeseman, Georjana Barnes (University of California, Berkeley, CA), and colleagues have peered into a 28-protein mix and found the individual residues responsible for attaching and detaching chromosomes and microtubules. The phosphorylation of these residues by Ipl1p (an Aurora kinase) apparently allows budding yeast cells to convert monopolar chromosome spindle attachments to bipolar attachments. The group used the mass spectrometry (MS) expertise of Scott Anderson and John Yates (Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA) to identify 28 yeast kinetochore proteins (including 5 I


Objective:To investigate the effects of repetitive training in improving hemiplegic lower limb spasticity in cerebral infarction patients.Methods:Fifty-one cerebral infarction patients were randomly assigned into experimental group and control group.Experimental group received repetitive training and routine rehabilitation therapy(25 cases),and control group only received routine rehabilitation therapy(26 cases).Each patient received training for 5 days weekly.Clinical assessments were performed before and 6 weeks after treatments,including Functional Ambulation Category(FAC),Fugl-Meyer scale,and Ashworth scale.Results:The differences in FAC,Fugl-Meyer and Ashworth were statistically significant between the two groups at the 6th week after treatments.Conclusion:Repetitive training combined with routine rehabilitation therapy was more effective than routine rehabilitation therapy in improving spasticity on hemiplegic lower limbs in cerebral infarction patients.


Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transforms B-cells into immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) by triggering signaling pathways that lead to the activation of multiple transcription factors, including NF-kappaB. EBV appropriation of the NF-kappaB pathway via EBV-encoded latent membrane protein-1 plays a pivotal role in EBV-mediated up-regulation of cellular growth-promoting and anti-apoptotic genes, including Bcl-2. Proteosome inhibitors provide a possible approach to inhibit constitutive activation of NF-kappaB in EBV-transformed B-cells. To determine whether the proteosome inhibitor bortezomib (PS-341, Velcade™) may have potential as a therapeutic anti-tumor agent in EBV-driven B-cell neoplasms, we evaluated the effect of bortezomib in EBV-immortalized LCLs (Sweig) in the presence and absence of the small molecular inhibitor of Bcl-2, HA14-1. Sweig cells were treated with increasing concentrations of bortezomib (1–1000 nM) for 24 hrs in the absence and presence of HA14-1 (10 uM), and assayed for cell proliferation (by MTT assay), apoptosis (by quantitation of DNA fragmentation in a flow cytometric TUNEL assay), caspase activation (by Western blotting), and levels of Bcl-2 family proteins (by Western blotting). Bortezomib alone inhibited proliferation of LCLs in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 50 nM. At this concentration, bortezomib stimulated apoptosis in only 20% of LCLs, and we observed minimal caspase-3 cleavage. HA14-1 treatment alone had no significant effects on proliferation, apoptosis, or caspase-3 cleavage. When the Bcl-2 inhibitor HA14-1 was added to bortezomib, we observed marked enhancement of anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in LCLs. This synergistic interaction was observed with sequential exposure of LCLs to bortezomib followed by HA14-1 (8 hrs) or simultaneous exposure to both drugs for 24 hrs, but not when HA14-1 was added 8 hrs prior to bortezomib. In the presence of HA14-1, the IC50 for bortezomib decreased to 10 nM. Bortezomib (25 nM)/HA14-1 stimulated apoptosis in 80% of LCLs compared to bortezomib alone (20%). Moreover, bortezomib/HA14-1 triggered pronounced cleavage of both caspase 9 and 8, as well as caspase 3, suggesting activation of apoptosis through both mitochondrial and extrinsic pathways. Interestingly, Bcl-2 protein levels were increased, with appearance of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 cleavage fragment, in LCLs treated with bortezomib/HA14-1. These studies have demonstrated for the first time that bortezomib mediates anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in EBV-transformed lymphocytes, and that these effects are dramatically enhanced in the presence of a Bcl-2 inhibitor. These findings support further investigation of bortezomib in EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases and suggest that combining bortezomib with Bcl-2 antagonists, such as rituximab or Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides, may enhance anti-tumor efficacy. Studies are in progress to further delineate the mechanism(s) of interaction between bortezomib and HA14-1 in LCLs, and to evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy of bortezomib in the pre-clinical SCID/human model of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease.


Identification and classification of the plant leaf is efficient way to preventing loss occurred in agricultural field. The Septoria leaf spot is mainly affect the leaves which caused by a fungus, flu, bacteria. The Production of blueberry fruit is decreasing due to the disease affected on its stem and leaf. Small brown spots are frequently visible on blueberry leaves at specific period in the year. The spots, generally surrounded by bright yellow halos, start on the lower leaves and slowly appear on upper leaves over time. Image processing technology has been proved to be an efficient analysis to identify and detect the disease on a leaf. This proposed paper intends to focus to detect and classify a Septoria leaf spot on blueberry using Image Processing techniques such as, k-means clustering (k-nearest neighbor) for Segmentation, Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix for feature extraction and Support Vector Machine classifier to detect the leaf stage whether it is affected by Septoria spot or not. Totally 13 features have been extracted from each Blueberry leaf images where dataset of 40 images were taken for training and testing process partially and obtained the accuracy level was 96.77% using F-measure.


In order to strengthen the cost control in the road construction, must establish a unified and high-efficient project sector, set up the effective cost control target and the motivation policy suitable to the reality of the project sector, and guarantee the accuracy and authenticity of the engineering information in the course of the construction.


Cytolytically active lymphocytes were generated by immunizations between rat strains and evaluated by both kinetic and monolayer adsorption techniques. Kinetic analysis yields two values (Ka and Vmax), which are characteristic of interactions between individual effector and target cell populations. The Ka values this obtained correlate with the quantitative level of adsorption of CTL onto cellular monolayers, and we conclude that Ka is a measure of the binding avidity of effector and target cells.


New and previously published observational data on galaxies with declination less than +82 deg from the Uppsala General Catalog (Nilson, 1973) are compiled in extensive tables and characterized in detail. Optical positions are confirmed by measurement of Palomar Sky Survey O prints, and radio identifications for 176 galaxies are made on the basis of 1.4-GHz Green Bank sky maps or 1.49-GHz observations obtained with the C configuration of the VLA in November-December 1986; contour maps based on the latter observations are provided. Radio-selected and IR-selected galaxy populations are found to be similar (and distinct from optically selected populations), and three radio/IR criteria are developed to distinguish galaxies powered by starbursts from those with supermassive black holes or other monster energy sources. 197 references.


Thank you for the opportunity to speak with you all today. This comes about because my good friend Steve Biddulph, author of "Manhood" a bestselling book about setting men free, was unable to be here and suggested to your organisers that I take his place. Steve has been doing a great job around Australia and overseas raising people's awareness of the need to balance the attention given to women's issues by addressing the real needs of males, particularly young boys, in our rapidly changing society. I intend to expand this topic to address the problem of people's lack of connectedness and increasing alienation, which is not a gender specific issue, but one which is having an increasingly unhealthy impact for all of us as well as creating some special problems for males in our society. The theme of this conference one of celebration implies some sort of proclamation, something to rejoice about. Unfortunately this alienated society is not a subject for celebration at the moment. So my challenge is for us all is to think of ways personally and institutionally that we can be involved in celebrating the death of alienation and the rebirth of connections between people. Connections which involve, Security, Empathy, Afflrmation and Protection. Where the individual can feel unique, can experience the impact they make on others and be moved by that impact, to love and be loved. Connections between country and city, between black and white, male and female, school and community, teacher and learner, boss and worker, parent and child.


In reversing the narrative of 'family support' to 'support family' for a more comprehensive understanding of international student migration, this study examines how family obligations may shape post-international-study migration plans. Adopting a life course perspective and through quantitative methods using data collected among Thais studying in China, we find that, first, for caregiving of their elderly parents in the home country, the oldest group of students are more inclined to leave the host country upon graduation; second, for business purposes, those whose parents own businesses show a clear tendency to stay in China, Thailand's largest trading partner; third, reflecting an egalitarian view on intimate relationships, those married or in a romantic relationship tend to migrate to places where the couple could both have a career; lastly, when international students need to fulfill obligations both for family businesses and for facilitating the partner's career development or self-realization, instead of international students being left in dilemma alone, the family members may coordinate with each other and work out win-win solutions, taking advantage of their specific international economic circumstances. In an increasingly interconnected world , this study deepens our understanding on how the linked lives in international students' family fare and migrate in flexible and productive ways.


Abstract Background Continuous glucose monitoring systems have been validated for eu‐ and hyperglycemic cats. The FreeStyle Libre 2 (FSL2) is sufficiently accurate in people during hypoglycemia to guide critical treatment decisions without confirmation of blood glucose concentration (BG). Objectives Assess FSL2 accuracy in cats with hypoglycemia. Animals Nine healthy, purpose‐bred cats. Methods Hyperinsulinemic‐hypoglycemic clamps were performed by IV infusion of regular insulin (constant rate) and glucose (variable rate). Interstitial glucose concentration (IG), measured by FSL2, was compared to BG measured by AlphaTrak2. Data were analyzed for all paired measurements (n = 364) and separately during stable BG (≤1 mg/dL/min change over 10 minutes). Pearson's r test, Bland‐Altman test, and Parkes Error Grid analysis respectively were used to determine correlation, bias, and clinical accuracy (P < .05 considered significant). Results Overall, BG and IG correlated strongly (r = 0.83, P < .0001) in stable glycemia and moderately at all rates of change (r = 0.69, P < .0001). Interstitial glucose concentration underestimated BG in euglycemia, but the BG‐IG difference was progressively smaller as BG decreased (12.9 ± 12.2, 8.8 ± 11.2, −3.2 ± 7.4, and −7.8 ± 5.2 mg/dL in the ranges of 80‐120 [n = 64], 60‐79 [n = 29], 50‐59 [n = 71], and 29‐49 mg/dL [n = 53], respectively). Conclusions Although IG underestimates BG throughout most of the hypo‐euglycemic range, IG generally overestimates BG in marked hypoglycemia (<60 mg/dL). It is therefore imperative to evaluate FSL2 results in this critical range with caution.


Often the task of road traffic parameter measurement systems is the recognition of the class of vehicles moving on the road. The quality of such recognition depends on many factors: kind of sensor used, quality of measurement channel, recognition method used to analyze generated signals corresponding to vehicles. In the presented paper, an inductive loop sensor and vehicle magnetic signature signal are described. The paper presents two approaches to recognition. The first one consists in replacing the original signal with a vector of its parameters and looking for the minimum distance between parameter vectors and pattern vectors in each class of vehicle. A second approach relies on the search for minimum distance between the original tested signal and the first component of K-L (Karhunen-Loeve) expansion in every vehicle class. Results of both methods of recognition for the same set of signals are compared by a common, author defined, factor.


The present invention relates to one effective extracting and refining method of the active components in glossy ganoderma spore powder. The present invention includes supersonic vibration process to eliminate impurity in glossy ganoderma spore powder, high airflow to break spore wall in the wall breaking rate ove 99 %, stepped pressure lowering and temperature altering of wall broken glossy ganoderma spore powder inside non-ionic surfactant system in CO2 supersonic state, and treatment in one rectification column and two stages of analyzer to obtain various components of different dissolubility. The present invention has the advantages of simple and efficient process, synchronous extraction and rectification, short production period, etc.


Aims: Much research has begun to focus on the identification of people who are at high risk of developing psychosis, and clinical services have been initiated for this population. However, only a small number of studies have reported on the efficacy of interventions for preventing or delaying the onset of psychosis. The results of prior work suggest that cognitive therapy (CT) may be an effective, well‐tolerated treatment. We report on the rationale and design for a large‐scale, multi‐site randomized, controlled trial of CT for people who are assessed to be at high risk of psychosis because of either state or state‐plus‐trait risk factors.


Despite the efforts to prevent dental caries among children, premature loss of primary teeth due to pulp and periapical diseases is a common problem. The effect of this premature loss on the development of dentition is a matter of great interest. Importantly, the primary teeth are considered as natural space maintainers and therefore should be retained until their natural exfoliation. Based on these issues and concerns, the concept of "Lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR)" therapy proposed by the Cariology Research Unit of the Niigata University School of Dentistry, would be preferable to current endodontic treatments.


Introduction We have already proved that the sputtering dcposition method using an electron cyclotron resonbie microwave plasma (ECRsputtering) is mor; suitable for deposition of CO-Cr perpendicular magnetic recording media with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, high coercivity, fine magnetic structure, and no initial layer than conventioual diode sputtering method because of its more precise controllability of ion bombardment [l-41. In this study, we investigated the influence of magnetic field distribution in the ECRU sputtering apparatus on magnetic structures and properties of the CO-occur perpendicular media. Experimental In this study, beside a main coil which generated the 8756 magnetic field , an auxiliary coil was installed around the deposition chamber as shown in figure 1 . The magnetic field distribution in the deposition chamber could be changed from cusp magnetic field to minor magnetic field by the electric current in the auxiliary coil. The composition of the sputtering target was C079.5Cr20.5at%, and the substrate temperature during deposition was 170°C. The 0. lm thick CO-Cr films were deposited on a polyimide film under the cusp, normal (.auxiliary coil current = 0) and mirror magnetic field distribution. Resells and Diseussion Though the commition of the all deposited CO-Cr films measured by TCP-MS was Co79Cd lat% inspite of magnetic field distribution. The Ms drastically -increased from 300 to 500 emu/cc when the magnetic field distribution is changed from mirror to cusp. Figure 2 shows the NMR spectra of CO-Cr films. When magnetic field was changed from mirror to cusp, the 225.5MHz pure CO signal decreased, and the 177MHz and 130MHz satellite signals which corresponding CO nuclei with one or two Cr. atoms in the nearest-neighbor sites, respectively, were increased [51. This experimental result suggests that CO-rich and Cr.-rich phase separation was enhanced in the CO-occur films deposited in cusp magnetic field. Figure 3 shows the FE-SEM photograph of chemically etched microstructure of CO-Cr films. The white and dark regions correspond to Cr-rich and CO-rich regions, respectively. In mirror magnetic field deposition, grain size were as large as about lOOnm in diameter, and separations between CO-rich and Cr-rich regions was obscure. However, in cusp magnetic field deposition, very fine size (-lOnm) CO-rich regions were clearly observed.


Downloaded for personal use only. No other uses permitted without permission. © MedicineToday 2000. What is duloxetine? Duloxetine (Cymbalta) is a once a day, orally administered dual serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that has been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Duloxetine can be prescribed on the PBS (restricted benefit) as 30 m g and 60 mg capsules for the treatment of major depressive disorder. How effective is it? Duloxetine has been shown to be equivalent to venlafaxine in efficacy and superior to placebo 4 for the treatment of depression. In two clinical trials, duloxetine performed better than fluoxetine and paroxetine when compared with placebo for some measures in patients with major depressive disorder. Clinical trial data suggests that duloxetine has equivalent efficacy and tolerability to other first-line treatments for major depressive disorder, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). , 7 , 8


Taking questionnaire of Yunnan province 180 farmer as the sample,using descriptive statistical analysis method and binary Logistic method to analyze the present situation and the influence factors of the contract chain participation willingness in farmer walnut transaction.Research shows that,farmers planting scale of walnut is larger,farmer pattern of walnut sales is main middleman,walnut sales transaction costs and the risk is higher,the demand of farmers walnut sale' s social service is strong.The individual characteristic variables is not significant effect on Farmers' participant willingness of the contract chain family labor has a negative effect on Farmers' participant willingness of the contract chain,family and friends whether or not engaged in related work has a significant positive effect on Farmers' participant willingness of the contract chain,the asset specificity of interpersonal relation,transaction risk and transaction cost have significant positive effect on farmers' participant willingness of the contract chain.


...................................................................................................................................... 5 Foreword ..................................................................................................................................... 6 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. 9 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................ 11 List of symbols and abbreviations ............................................................................................ 12 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 14 The aim of the study ................................................................................................................. 16 1. Literature review............................................................................................................... 17 1.1. Life-cycle assessment ................................................................................................ 17 1.2. Target market ............................................................................................................. 19 1.3. Sources ....................................................................................................................... 21 1.4. Properties of reclaimed wood .................................................................................... 23 1.5. The impact of fungi and insects on wood durability.................................................. 26 1.6. Weathering ................................................................................................................. 29 1.7. Naturally aged wood species ..................................................................................... 32 1.8. Artificial ageing of wood ........................................................................................... 33 1.9. Technology ................................................................................................................ 35 1.10. Posterior maintenance ............................................................................................ 40 2. Materials and methods ...................................................................................................... 41 2.1. Specimen preparation ................................................................................................ 41 2.2. Test methods and standards ....................................................................................... 42 2.3. Drilling resistance measurement ................................................................................ 43 2.4. Discolouration ............................................................................................................ 44 2.5. Wood resistance to cracking and its assessment ........................................................ 45 2.6. Natural durability of reclaimed spruce ...................................................................... 46


(300) Etlology or Granular Kidney. SOME time ago Eisenlohr reported a case -of acute infective nephritis complicating enteric fever, and ultimately developing into the granular kidney. He now records (Deut. med. Woch., August 11th, 1892) a similar result in a case of acute nephritis complicating acute pneumonia in a woman, aged 39. Much albuimen, red blood cells, leucocytes, and casts were found in the urine on the eighth day of the disease. A few days later there was cedema. There was no cardiac hypertrophy, and the arterial tension was abnormally low. A month later she had urtemic attacks, with headache, vomiting, and diarrhcea. A few months later the urine was found to be considerably increased in quantity, of low specific gravity, and contained very little albumen. The arterial tension was very slightly increased. Nine months after the attack of acute pneumonia she died of ureemia. At the necropsy the kidneys presented the appearance of the ordinary red granular disease, both naked eye and microscopically, and the heart was only very -slightly hypertrophied. The previous -existence of a chronic nephritis must, of course, be excluded. Nine years previously the patient was in hospital, and the urine was noted to be quite normal. The development of the granular kidney in the meantime is in the highest degree improbable, chiefly because there was hardly any cardiac hypertrophy. The slight degree of hypertrophy found corresponded to the short duration of the disease. The author has been unable to find any record of a similar case after acute pneumonia. It is well known that acute nephritis not infrequently occurs in the various infective diseases, that it may not give rise to characteristic eymptoms, and that it may thus be easily overlooked. In the above recorded case, and also in the one previously reported by the author, there was apparently a progressive shrinking of the kidney without previous enlargement. These cases are not advanced as evidence of any general operation of such a cause in the production of the granular kiidney.


The democratic process in Myanmar has been a troublesome one. Since the democratic wave arrived the country has witnessed an intense conflict which has led to something that the Human Rights Watch ...


Bone and soft-tissue sarcomas account for approximately 13% of all cancers in children and adolescents. A multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons, oncologists, radiation oncologists, and pathologists has led to a significant improvement in the overall survival of these patients. Chemotherapy has played a significant role in the treatment and outcomes of these patients. In this special focus section we will discuss the most important lessons learned about the use of chemotherapy for the treatment of these tumors.


The second "aggregation of red cells" experiment that was performed on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's space‐shuttle Discovery's flight STS 26 confirms the results that were obtained in 1985; however, some new features have come to light, in particular, the observation of a clot or thrombus which, so far, remains unexplained. An attempt has been made to link observations on the cell‐to‐cell interaction and blood viscosity under zero gravity to some of the problems that are facing astronauts and to some new dimensions in medical science.


This editorial note presents a review of the publication times and the reasons for the rejection of manuscripts submitted for evaluation to Ingeniería e investigación Journal. Some adjustments have been made recently to the editorial policy of the journal that we consider important to share with authors and readers.


For the many thousands of Americans detained in jail pending trial or plea bargain, the fundamental principles of due process and the presumption of innocence are virtually meaningless. The two principles are given meaning at the trial stage by the state's burden of proving guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, yet only a small percentage of accused ever reach trial. For the overwhelming majority of detainees, incarceration in jail following arrest and inability to post bail becomes punishment before conviction; the oft-recited myth of the presumption of innocent until proven guilty becomes in reality a harsh presumption of guilt following arrest. Pretrial detention impacts are quite similar to those of post-conviction incarceration, even for those truly innocent of the crimes charged. If we take seriously the criminal process's concern that the margin of error in fact-finding be reduced so that an innocent person is not punished until he is found guilty, then we must reexamine the dogma that the principles of due process and the presumption of innocence are not generally applicable to pretrial procedure. In place of our current Probable Cause Model should be a new model, that of Probable Guilt. Under this new approach, an accused unable to make the bail that has been set is entitled to a forward-looking probable guilt hearing, with a right to counsel; the State can only justify continued detention, with its stigma and deprivation of liberties, if it snows by clear and convincing evidence that there is a substantial likelihood of conviction. The goal is to minimize erroneous punishment of those who are legally innocent.


In order to give an explanation for the negative framing of youth as a problem related to crime and unsafety, we examine public images of youth. This article argues that such an examination requires a theoretical approach within the frame of discourse analysis. A historical discourse analysis shows that youth as a social construction has been related to issues of crime and violence. Understanding public debates as discourses of agencies of interpretation allows us to explain why the images of youth are as a rule negatively connected to moral concerns.


Aero-dynamic characteristics are one of the most important main performance indexes of motor vehicles, which is determinative to car-body final shape. Car-body integer optimization of aero-dynamic characteristics is a way to reduce air drag and improve operation stability. The method, confirming ideal basic body and then achieving perfect car-body shape, is a practical application in modern industrial design on car. Such design method requests a CFD simulation on aero-dynamic characteristics of a car running on the road and bring forward its mathematics and physics model to supply the gist of flexible design method. This method is useful in shortening design cycles, decreasing design cost and increasing fuel economy.


Thinopyrum intermedium (JJJsJsStSt, 2n = 6x = 42), a wild relative of common wheat, possesses many desirable agronomic genes for wheat improvement. The production of wheat-Th. intermedium introgression lines is a key step for transferring these beneficial genes into wheat. In this study, we characterized three wheat-Th. intermedium introgression lines TA3681, TA5566, and TA5567 using non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) and intron targeting (IT) markers. Our results showed that TA3681 is a wheat-Th. intermedium 1St disomic addition line, TA5566 is a wheat-Th. intermedium non-Robertsonian translocation line carrying two pairs of 3A-7Js translocation chromosomes, and TA5567 is a wheat-Th. intermedium non-Robertsonian translocation line carrying a pair of 3A-7Js translocation chromosomes. We developed 13, 36, and 15 Th. intermedium chromosome-specific markers for detecting the introgressed Thinopyrum chromosomes in TA3681, TA5566, and TA5567, respectively. Stem rust assessment revealed that TA3681 exhibited high level of seedling resistance to Chinese prevalent Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) pathotypes, and both TA5566 and TA5567 were highly resistant to Australian Pgt pathotypes, indicating that Th. intermedium chromosomes 1St and 7Js might carry new stem rust resistance genes. Therefore, the new identified introgression lines may be useful for improving wheat stem rust resistance.


The transition to convection in the Rayleigh-Benard problem at small Knudsen numbers is studied via a linear temporal stability analysis of the compressible "slip-flow" problem. Considering a power-law (variable hard-sphere) model of interaction our analysis indicates that for sufficiently large Froude numbers "softer" potentials result in less unstable systems. At small Froude numbers this trend is reversed, i.e., the "softer" interaction potentials correspond to a more unstable response. These results are discussed in terms of the opposing mechanisms of thermal expansion and compressibility. We carry out an asymptotic expansion for small temperature differences and establish the principle of exchange of stabilities for this limit. A singularity appears in this limit when compressibility effects are dominant.


Abstract Shrub expansion has been observed widely in tundra areas across the Arctic. This phenomenon has been partially attributed to increasing temperatures over the past century. However, relationships among shrub expansion, grazing, and human disturbance have been studied little. SW Greenland is a subarctic to low-arctic region with a long and complex land-use history and only modest temperature increases over the past 50 years (0.2 °C decade-1), but changes in shrub cover have not previously been studied in this region. We compiled historical photographs of vegetation in SW Greenland (1898–1974) and repeated the photos in 2010 and 2011. Sixty-four photo pairs were cropped into 133 smaller units and classified by aspect, substrate stability, muskoxen grazing, and human disturbance. The photo material was evaluated by 22 experts with respect to changes in shrub cover, revealing a general increase across the whole data set, and in a subset including only undisturbed sites. Shrub cover increased most on E and SE slopes, in sites with stable substrate, and in areas characterized by human disturbance and without muskoxen grazing. The general shrub cover increase could be caused mainly by changed land-use intensity, but effects of the moderately increased temperatures cannot be ruled out.


Although the data are not available, it seems that the risk to the fetus of asymptomatic reinfection is small,3" and certainly it is far less than that of primary rubella. In the rare cases of symptomatic reinfection viraemia may be presumed to have occurred, putting the fetus at appreciable risk.9 An antibody response may be confidently ascribed to reinfection if two or more previous positive results for rubella antibody have been obtained. One previous positive result must be treated with scepticism as errors may have occurred.12 Hence the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and a working party of the Public Health Laboratory Service advise that every woman should be tested for rubella anti-bodies in every pregnancy.6 A history of rubella immunisation also means that primary rubella is unlikely, but vaccination failures are well recognised.'2 If a patient has a rising titre of rubella antibody reinfection may be discriminated serologic-ally from primary rubella if specific IgM is not found or is found only in low concentration.91' 13 The recent finding of raised concentrations of specific IgM in confirmed reinfec-tions (unpublished observations) adds to the problem. If only late serum samples are available and there is no history of previous testing or immunisation then specific IgM (even at low concentration) may reflect recent reinfection or primary rubella some weeks previously. Recently developed assays that measure specific IgG subclasses and avidity may allow this distinction to be made, but the tests have not yet been validated in routine use. 416 A reliable and safe method of prenatal diagnosis of fetal infection would be valuable when there is diagnostic uncertainty or proved reinfection (although fetal infection does not necessarily mean fetal damage). Approaches include culturing amniotic fluid for rubella virus, which is time consuming and unreliable, and detecting specific IgM in fetal blood, which has to be delayed until 23-24 weeks ofpregnancy. Detecting the rubella virus genome and antigen in chorionic villus samples is promising but requires further assessment. 17 Correct diagnosis of primary rubella or reinfection in patients without symptoms may thus be difficult and lead to much anxiety about how to manage the pregnancy. It is thus essential for diagnosis that full information is given to the laboratory on symptoms, date and type of contact, previous rubella immunisation, and dates and results of previous tests for rubella antibody. ELISAs and an anti-IgM capture immunoassay. Clinical rubella with virus transmission to the …


The paper provides historical data and presents two parameters for evaluating the success of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). The TDRSS provides high rate data from missions such as the Shuttle and Landsats, and lower rate data from missions such as the Solar Mesosphere Explorer and the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite. Two parameters have been established as measurements of the ability of the system to transmit user commands and telemetry data, i.e., availability and proficiency. Availability is the system's readiness to support any and all user requirements 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Proficiency is the ratio of actual support provided to scheduled support.


Driven by globalization, modernity and the development of media technology, transnational media consumption is increasingly prevalent. Together with domestic media consumption, transnational media consumption constitutes the fragmentation and diversification of individuals' media consumption behaviors. Yet research concerning the hybrid media effects generated by domestic and transnational media consumption is still underdeveloped. Using a sample of 556 Chinese Internet users, this study proposes a concept of transnational media consumption dissonance to compare the effects of hybrid media consumption on sexism and gender-role norms in marriage (GRIM). The findings suggest that individuals' perceptions of gender-role norms are not only affected by domestic media usage but also altered through transnational media usage. We illustrate how transnational media consumption dissonance can affect Chinese audiences' perception of GRIM through the mediating roles of perceived sexism in American and Korean dramas and their general sexism values.


This study focuses on the performance validation of a wave energy converter (WEC) equipped with resonant frequency adjustment capability. Achieving resonance with the oscillation period of waves is crucial for maximizing the efficiency of wave energy conversion systems. For this purpose, we introduce a variable moment of inertia (VMI) device that allows for tuning of the resonant frequency by adjusting the position of the mass. For validation of the proposed approach, performance verification experiments were conducted using a vibration platform. Through free vibration experiments, we identified the system's resonant frequency and characteristics. In our forced vibration tests considering the wave frequency band of the coastal area, harmonic vibration experiments were performed over a range of 0.4–0.8 Hz. In these experiments, we considered three separate cases by adjusting the distance from the reel's center to the mass. As a result, we found that the resonant frequency of the WEC can be adjusted from 0.65 Hz when the mass is furthest away to 0.55 Hz when it is closer. This research confirms the benefits obtained by utilizing VMI to adjust the resonant frequency of WECs without changing the mass or springs. This offers a promising opportunity to enhance the energy conversion efficiency of resonant-type WECs utilizing wave energy.