Antithrombotic therapy after TAVI. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become a gold standard treatment alternative for patients with AS who are not suitable for surgery. However, the optimal antithrombotic therapy after TAVI is still unclear. In clinical practice, the antithrombotic therapy consists of a combination of T-ASS and Clopidogrel. However, well-designed studies focusing on the risk-benefit of this approach are currently lacking. To reduce thrombotic risks, use of anticoagulants is being discussed. So far, there is no data showing a benefit of anticoagulation as compared to monotherapy with T-ASS or dual antiplatelet therapy. The results of several ongoing randomized clinical trials investigating this issue will provide evidence for future guidelines. J Kardiol 2019; 26 (5-6): 126–31.


This paper discusses the development of Japanese teachers' profession system by summing up its successful experience and lessons. Based on this discussion, it puts forwards some suggestions for the development of Chinese teacher's profession.


This study examined adult hospitalized patients' responses to wound care pain and its treatment. Wound care included dressing change, packing, irrigation, and debridement. The subjective experience of pain intensity was measured with a numeric rating scale (NRS) prior to, immediately after, and 10 minutes after completion of the procedure. The sample was composed of 412 subjects. Most were male (52.3%), white (73.9%), had one wound (59.5%), and had undergone surgery (73.9%). When pain intensity was compared over time, pain intensity was greatest (NRS 4.4, SD 3.2) during the procedure (p < .023), and nonsurgical patients experienced significantly greater pain than surgical patients (p = .002)(NRS 5.3, SD 3.0, NRS 4.1, SD3.2, respectively). Most patients underwent multiple wound care procedures. When the pain intensity of undergoing only a dressing change (n = 61), only packing (n = 41), or ≥2 procedures (n = 258) was examined by whether subjects had undergone surgery or no surgery, nonsurgical patients reported greater pain intensity with dressing change (p < .001) and ≥2 procedures (p < .001). Few subjects received analgesics (7.3% surgical patients 5.9% nonsurgical); there was no difference by group in the amount of opioid administered (p = .821). Sedatives and NSAIDS were rarely used. Treatment with pain medication was examined over time. Those with least pain received significantly less pain medication when compared with those who received premedication only and those who received medication prior to and during the procedure (p < .05). Findings show wound care is painful and wound care pain is undertreated. Further research is needed to address the effect of pain on wound-related patient outcomes and strategies to minimize pain.

Acknowledgment:  Funded by the AACN, K. Puntillo, PI


Due to the expansion of Internet and Web 2.0 phenomenon, there is a growing interest in sentiment analysis of freely opinionated text. In this paper, we propose a novel cross-source cross-domain sentiment classification, in which cross-domain-labeled Web sources (Amazon and Tripadvisor) are used to train supervised learning models (including two deep learning algorithms) that are tested on typically nonlabeled social media reviews (Facebook and Twitter). We explored a three-step methodology, in which distinct balanced training, text preprocessing and machine learning methods were tested, using two languages: English and Italian. The best results were achieved using undersampling training and a Convolutional Neural Network. Interesting cross-source classification performances were achieved, in particular when using Amazon and Tripadvisor reviews to train a model that is tested on Facebook data for both English and Italian.


e15198Background: Immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer treatment, but responses are not universal and patients who initially respond to therapy develop resistance. The accurate quantification...


Dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) operation at low microwave frequencies has been the subject of much work in recent years. However, the use and characteristics of DRAs at millimeter-wave frequencies have not been explored. DRAs have potential application at millimeter-wave frequencies as there is no conductor loss mechanism in the radiating element. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of an aperture-coupled DRA element and array that function in the 40 GHz frequency range. The results presented show that the use of dielectric resonators as antennas can be extended into the millimeter-wave frequencies. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 17: 345–349, 1998.


This study aimed to determine the effect of the Principal Leadership, Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Quality of Education Teacher, simultaneously or partially and find out which of the three independent variables the dominant influence on the Quality of Education. The object of research is limited to the Principal Leadership, Work Motivation, and Job Satisfaction and Teacher as an independent variable in the quality of education as the dependent variable. The number of samples in this study was 50 teachers. The results showed that the test Hypothesis I accepted that School leadership, motivation and job satisfaction of teachers simultaneously affect the quality of education. It can be seen from the value of F indicates a significant level of 0.00 ˂α 0.05. Hypothesis II accepted that School leadership, motivation and job satisfaction of teachers partially affect the quality of education. It can be seen from the significant value of three independent variable t respectively of 0.047 ≤ α = 0.05, it indicates the working motivation partially significant effect on the quality of education. Uji hypothesis III also accepted that influential teacher job satisfaction dominant the quality of education. It can be seen from the variable beta coefficient greater teacher job satisfaction, namely 0353.


In this review, the synthesis and characterization of various dimeric and polymeric peroxycarbamates and azocarbamates are described in detail. These functional polymers are synthesized by stepwise capping reactions of hydroxyl terminated polyethers, polyesters or poly(butadiene) first with diisocyanates, and then with hydroperoxides or various azo compounds containing functional groups. Statistics of chain extension reactions are discussed. Kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition are reported. These functional polymers are useful for preparing block copolymers containing soft and glassy segments.


The paper analyzes the long-term memory of fund style asset yields with modified R/S model in a empirical way based on fractal theory. The paper sets CITIC Pure Style Index as fund style asset and the data is counted from June 2005 to May 2013 with lasts almost 8 years. The results show that long-term memory of fund syle assets varies a lot between different time scales. Stock holding strategies suitable for each fund style asset are not same. Under the background of great vibration of China stock market,the Hurst exponents of fund style assets' yields series present both "Noise effects"and "Anti-Noise effects".


Reconstruction of 10mm segmental bone defects in rat by mesenchymal stem cell derived chondrogenic cells (MSC-DC) Background Mesenchymal stem cell derived condrogenic cells (MSC-DC) have excellent potential for healing 5 mm bone defect in rat femur. Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of MSC-DC on bone healing in 10 mm segmental bone defects in rat femur. Methods 10 millimeter bone defects were produced in rat femur and fixed with external fixator. We divided this model into four groups according to the kind of graft for bone defects. These bone defects were grafted by MSC-DC seeded on a poly (DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold in Group A, MSC seeded on a PLGA scaffold in Group B, PLGA scaffold only in Group C, and autologus bone graft in Group D. The healing processes were monitored radiographically and studied biomechanically and histologically. Results All the bone defects in Group A healed radiographically with bridging callus formation at 4 weeks after the procedure, while none of Group B, C, and D had achieved bone union even at 8 weeks. Mechanical testing revealed that Group A showed approximately 40 % bending strength at 4 weeks compared with the contralateral side, and approximately 60 % at 8 weeks. In histology, Group A, maturation of bridging callus occurred from outside and enchondral ossification was prominent from inside. Conclusion This study showed that MSC-DC with PLGA scaffold enhances bone healing even in large bone defects.


This research argues that using an electron beam with high kinetic energy to pump perovskite quantum dots can significantly boost the efficiency of the low-frequency photon radiation conversion. Firstly, we measure the random lasing threshold and luminescence threshold of CsPbX 3 films pumped by an electron beam. Then, we simulate the spatial distribution of the electron beams in CsPbX 3 films. Combined with the above data, a low-frequency photon radiation conversion model based on the electron pumped perovskite quantum dots is presented. This could be a way to create a terahertz source with a high-power output or to multiply the terahertz power.


There is presently no best therapy for persistent, infection with viruses such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus, hepatis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Emergency therapeutic measures are commonly used to treat these diseases. Many drugs involving anti-HSV nucleotide analogs such as Acyclovir (ACV), idoxuridine (IDU), vidarabine (ara A) have been developed, but these drugs have limited effectiveness related to characteristics of viral infection such as intracellular parasitosis and their use can result in drug resistance. Viral therapy should be much more effective than classic therapies and can be expected to dramatically relieve patient suffering, thereby enhancing the quality of life (QOL). In this paper, we propose that the foundation of therapy against HSV-1 lies in an immunological method based on viral antigenicity, and we introduce the possibility of developing through the engineering of a novel oral herpesvirus vaccine using gene therapy. In addition, possible side effects of an oral vaccine are discussed.


Let the wavefront normal (ray) entering a Michelson interferometer make an angle with respect to the perpendiculars to the movable and stationary mirrors of the interferometer. If the movable mirror is displaced along its perpendicular a geometrical distance x, an optical path difference of 2 x cosθ will be generated. A monochromatic line of wavenumber νθ will then be modulated as if it had a wavenumber νθcosθ. When used in this fashion, the interferometer codes the angular data into wavenumber data. Multiplexing for many types of scattering measurements is thus possible. An apparatus to accomplish these measurements is described, and results for a mirror contaminated with a single spherical particle are presented.


This study examines the benefits of multimedia materials that combine animation and multidimensional concept maps. In this quasi-experimental study, 114 students from two classes at the college of business of a private university in Taiwan participated in a 6-week teaching experiment. The research instruments included learning achievement tests and a learning well-being scale. The data analyses used a one-way analysis of covariance, a paired sample t-test, a Sobel's z-test, and a path regression analysis. The results indicated that students who learned with multimedia materials that combined animation and colourful multidimensional concept maps presented significantly higher learning well-being than students who learned with achromatic multidimensional concept maps. Moreover, students who learned with multimedia materials that combined animation and colourful multidimensional concept maps presented significantly higher learning achievement than students who learned with achromatic multidimensional concept maps. A mediation analysis suggested that learning well-being mediated the effect of learning with different multimedia materials on students' learning achievement. This study suggests that multidimensional concept maps and animation have a function in multimedia instruction.


Solar hot water systems necessarily require storage due to a time difference between solar supply and hot water demand. Typically the storage vessel uses an auxiliary heater to maintain a volume of hot water during periods of low insolation. The operation of this heater is controlled by a reactive device called a thermostat. This paper presents an advanced control solution to allow the thermostat to operate with discretion so that less solar energy is displaced by the operation of the auxiliary heater. The control algorithm is based on a predictive energy balance, although its behaviour may be modified by human input.


A Year Up: How a Pioneering Program Teaches Young Adults Real Skills for Real Jobs with Real Success describes the evolutionary development of Year Up, a non-profit organization founded by the social entrepreneur, Gerald Chertavian to promote social and economic justice among America's disenfranchised youth. He describes how there are 5.2 million unemployed young adults between the ages of 18-24 who face little to no opportunity for academic or career development beyond those asking, "You want fries with that?" in a labor market facing a severe shortage of skilled workers. To make matters worse, society has come to perceive these disenfranchised youths as an economic and social liability, when, in fact, they could just as easily represent the solution to America's ailing economy. After all, they are highly-motivated, hard-working, dedicated people who simply want a decent living wage and their own place in American society. With locations in Boston, Providence, Atlanta, Washington D.C., New York, and San Francisco, Year Up has created a year-long paid internship program, capable of serving 240 candidates each year. These programs provide students with the professional knowledge and experience businesses demand, enabling them to pursue a more productive future. Candidates begin with a highly rigorous application and selection process, which consists of three face-to-face interviews, the development of a personal essay, and their repeated attempts to prove their commitment to the ideals of the program. Those lucky few who are ultimately selected will receive a year-long, paid internship, which includes a stipend of up to $25,000 and 23 college credit hours. The development of a point demerit system maintains these standards throughout the program. Every student begins with 200 points, and a week without infractions will earn them an additional 15 points, but each infraction will reduce their points and their financial compensation for that week/period. Any individual who drops below 100 points must draft a letter to their colleagues explaining their recommitment to the programs, and once they reach 0, they are self-removed from the program. The program is divided into two phases. The initial five-month period is spent in milestone discussions and professional training seminars at the Year Up facility. These discussions act as a kind of outreach program where the candidates describe the hardships they have endured, resulting in emotional trauma. Sharing these stories creates a bond between the group members, allows them to move on, and demonstrates the unconquered spirits of the individuals involved, having fought and overcome so many obstacles so early in life. The rest of their time is spent in professional training seminars addressing business basics (i.e., proper attire, speech, and etiquette) and the development of marketable skills in information technology, financial operations, and quality assurance. The last six months transition to their corporate internship position. Chertavian makes it clear that this is not a handout. A great deal of effort and time goes into matching corporate needs with student abilities. Instructors develop a score card to assess a student's technological ability, people skills, and any


A numerical dynamic and strong coupled model of giant magnetostrictive actuator was founded. According to the model and the measured magnetic characteristic of giant magnetostrictive material, the relation between the magnet field and the output displacement of the actuator was calculated by means of the finite element method. A comparison between the calculating result and the experimental one for the actuator was carried out and it was found that they were in agreement well. This indicates that the numerical dynamic model can be used for the design of giant magnetostrictive actuator.


Introduce method for SNR improvement of electrically modulated non-dispersive infrared(NDIR)sensor.Based on test of trace elements in coal,there are some problems such as while using NDIR sensor to measure element corresponding to gas concentration,effect of light source stability on analysis results,effect of temperature on test results,influence of gas chamber noise on test results and influence of filtering method in process of post weak signal processing on test results and other issues,discuss reasons for these problems may exist,and make pointed design improvements and optimization of method are carried out,and SNR of the entire test system is improved greatly.


The present invention discloses a method of genomic target region for detecting polymorphic site, the method comprising: obtaining step Exon sequencing, ordering and redundancy elimination steps, statistical analysis steps I, Step detecting SNP site, the SNP point filtering step, statistical analysis step II and SNP annotation step. SNP analysis of the present invention, the specific genomic regions by sequencing, SNP detection and a result of the present invention has high accuracy, fast, low cost, the whole process can be automated, i.e. raw sequencing data for the data source, automatically generates high quality SNP site point, and the SNP loci comments and classification.


The construction of campus English environment is one of the main aspects of the reform in college English teaching.From the perspectives of teaching theories and actual needs,this paper discusses the necessity of constructing campus English environment in universities of science and technology,and puts forward ten constructive measures in infrastructure and soft environment.


We have found that many dianionic species, at millimolar concentrations, significantly activate or inhibit the bovine carbonic anhydrase 111-catalyzed hydration of COz. Dianionic species such as HP0:- and SO",, with pKa values near 7, are activators, whereas weakly basic species such as SO:- act as inhibitors. Both acti- vation and inhibition are partial hyperbolic in nature and do not appear to compete with monoanionic linear inhibitors like N:. Our kinetic data are consistent with a formal mech- anism of action for carbonic anhydrase I11 that is directly analogous to that of carbonic anhydrase 11, in which Lys-64 of carbonic anhydrase I11 can act as an intramolecular H' transfer group during COz hydra- tion. Our data suggest that dianionic inhibitors depress the rate of H+ transfer during turnover by stabilizing the protonated form of Lys-64. We postulate that dianionic activators enhance the rate of a rate-limiting H' transfer step in the mechanism, probably by acting directly as H' acceptors. Carbonic is an


Analytical expressions for the dispersion relations and polarizations of low-frequency waves in magnetized plasmas based on two-fluid model are obtained. The properties of waves propagating at different angles (to the ambient magnetic field B0) and β (the ratio of the plasma to magnetic pressures) values are investigated. It is shown that two linearly polarized waves—namely, the fast and Alfven modes in the low- β (β≪1) plasmas, the fast and slow modes in the β∼1 plasmas, and the Alfven and slow modes in the high- β (β≫1) plasmas—become circularly polarized at the near-parallel (to B0) propagation. The negative magnetic-helicity of the Alfven mode occurs only at small or moderate angles in the low-β plasmas, and the ion cross-helicity of the slow mode is nearly the same as that of the Alfven mode in the high-β plasmas. It is also shown that the electric polarization δEz/δEy decreases with the temperature ratio Te/Ti for the long-wavelength waves, and the transition between left- and right-hand polarizatio...


Accurately predicting the pedestal structure in high-(H-)confinement mode plasmas is of great importance for the modelling of future tokamak plasmas. The main predictions of a model of pedestal structure based on paleoclassical transport as the main transport mechanism are presented. Numerical evaluations of this model are compared with a database of measured DIII-D H-mode pedestal profiles. Across the database, the electron temperature gradient is overpredicted by a factor of 1.7 ± 1.1 and the electron density by a factor of 2.1 ± 0.7. These results are consistent with paleoclassical transport producing the minimum level of electron transport. Trends in the predictions indicate that some additional transport may be operative, especially in high βp and low confinement plasmas.


Tissue engineering aims to structurally and functionally regenerate damaged tissues which requires the formation of new blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients by the process of angiogenesis. Stem cells are a promising tool in regenerative medicine due to their combined differentiation and paracrine angiogenic capacities. The study of their proangiogenic properties and associated potential for tissue regeneration requires complex in vivo models comprising all steps of the angiogenic process. The highly vascularized extraembryonic chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized chicken eggs offers a simple, easy accessible and cheap angiogenic screening tool compared to other animal models. Although the CAM assay was initially primarily performed for evaluation of tumour growth and metastasis, stem cell studies using this model are increasing. In this review, a detailed summary of angiogenic observations of different mesenchymal, cardiac and endothelial stem cell types and derivatives in the CAM model is presented. Moreover, we focus on the variation in experimental set-up, including the benefits and limitations of in ovo and ex ovo protocols, diverse biological and synthetic scaffolds, imaging techniques and outcome measures of neovascularization. Finally, advantages and disadvantages of the CAM assay as a model for angiogenesis in tissue engineering in comparison with alternative in vivo animal models are described.


Background The fructose overconsumption from high fructose corn syrup may induce numeral direct and indirect undesirable clinical effects like hyperuricemia.
 Material and methods The aim of the study was to reveal the relationship between fructose consumption — assessed with food frequency questionnaire, blood pressure control and some metabolic disturbances in 72 (age 52.0 ± 2.1; M/F 39/33) non-diabetic, chronic kidney disease stage 2–4 patients at out-patient basis. All of them were treated with
antihypertensive drugs according to ESH/ESC guidelines.
 The number of antihypertensive drugs: 3.70 ± 1.41.
 Results We found significant linear correlation between
estimated daily fructose consumption and uric acid level (r = 0.24; p Conclusion The amount of consumed fructose may have
the important influence on blood pressure regulation and
effectiveness of its therapy in chronic kidney disease stage 2–4 patients.


This paper presents the design of a frequency reconfigurable folded dipole antenna for terahertz photomixers. The proposed folded antenna can operate at two different frequencies, namely 330 GHz and 590 GHz, increasing the radiation efficiency at both frequencies. The reconfiguration of the antenna is achieved by means of Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems (NEMS) switches. The proposed antenna has a radiation resistance of 465 Ω and 216 Ω, providing an improvement by a factor 2.2 and 2 at 330 and 590 GHz, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of NEMS reconfigurable folded antenna for terahertz photomixers.


Those of us who have edited an encyclopedia know only too well what a tough and thankless task it is. Editing requires extensive knowledge of both people and things. Above all, our skill, patience, industry, critical capacity, nerves, and even health are put to the test. Although these demands apply to any type of encyclopedia, either general or specialized, they become exaggerated in certain scientific fields such as comparative and international education. As a university colleague of mine often ironically remarks, we educational comparativists are devoted


Simple, precise, accurate, sensitive, economical, and rapid stability indicating method was developed for the estimation of Lumefantrine in bulk and tablets. Chromatographic analysis was performed on A Hibar C18 (4.6 (cid:2) 250 mm, 5 (cid:22) m) column and mobile phase made up of acetonitrile: methanol (50:50 v/v); used for this study. The (cid:976)low rate of the mobile phase was to 1.2 ml/min; the temperature of the column was adjusted to 40 ◦ C and UV analysis was carried out at 234 nm. The degradation studies were performed and the analytical method was validated as per ICH Q2R1 guideline. The Retention time of Lumefantrine was found to be 8.8 min. The developed method was found to be linear in the concentration range of 10-60 (cid:22) g/ml. The value of the correlation coef(cid:976)icient between peak area and concentration was found to be 0.995. The value of % RSD was found to be within prescribed limits for precision studies which indicate reproducibility of the method. The values of LOD and LOQ were obtained at 14.54 and 44.07 (cid:22) g/ml, respectively. The results of degradation studies indicate that the drug was found to be stable in acidic, basic, neutral, photolytic, and neutral conditions while degraded in oxidation condition.


Pulsed NMR investigations of 93 Nb have been performed in the hexagonal Laves phase intermetallic pseudobinary system (Nb 1- x Mo x )Fe 2 with x ≤0.2. From the measurements of the Knight shift and the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time T 1 , it has been found that the substitution of Mo for Nb changes the nearly ferromagnetic properties of NbFe 2 to be less magnetic in the concentration of x ≤0.2. This is in strong constant to the case of the Zr substitution where NbFe 2 changes to be more magnetic by the substitution and the ferromagnetism is stabilized at x =0.05∼0.15 of (Nb 1- x Zr x )Fe 2 .


THE IEEE JOURNAL OF EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS (JESTIE) is an interdisciplinary journal that will provide a forum of interaction and dissemination of ideas/development on emerging technologies. This is sponsored by IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IES) and co-sponsored by IEEE Power Electronics Society, IEEE Power and Energy Society, IEEE Industry Applications Society, and IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society. The scope of this journal encompasses applications of Industrial Electronics and Industrial Informatics to systems to enhance performance. The topics include emerging areas of advanced power processing, e-mobility, electro-mechanical systems, motion control and mechatronics, renewable energy systems, embedded systems and artificial intelligence applications, factory and building automation and advanced motion control, industrial applications of automatic control, industrial informatics, communication and cyber physical systems, human factors in industrial ecosystems and education in industrial electronics. For the complete list please visit the JESTIE website at http: //www.ieee-ies.org/pubs/jestie The world is facing today mega challenges in the form of a global pandemic, climate change and global warming, overpopulation, cybersecurity, etc. We hope that JESTIE will come up with emerging and overarching technology that is within the scope of the journal to combat the existential risk of the human race to the extent possible. Energy, Electronics, and Informatics when combined through brilliant technological innovation, will make us self-reliant and sustainable. JESTIE involving five IEEE societies is more equipped to address emerging and cross-disciplinary challenges. JESTIE has an international advisory board (IAB) with ten members including one member from each of the cosponsoring societies. The role of IAB is to decide the emerging areas of JESTIE every six months. The Steering Committee (SC), having representation of the Presidents of all the sponsoring societies, forms the core management team of JESTIE. The SC has seven members and is led by Prof. Kamal Al-Haddad of École de technologie supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada. The editorial board is a strong 45-member team having representation from all cosponsoring societies and also Technical Committees (TCs) of IES. The articles published in the first issue is representative of what JESTIE will aim to cover in years to come. Thanks to Prof. Akshay K. Rathore of Concordia University, Canada, Prof. Pan Xuewei of Harbin Institute of Technology, China, Dr. Duleepa Thrimawithana of University of Auckland, New Zealand, and Prof. Hiroshi Fujimoto of University of Tokyo, Japan for organising the first Special Section on Transportation Electrification,


This chapter offers an account of the Labour Party between the 2015 and 2017 general elections. It explains why Jeremy Corbyn became Labour leader and how the party moved further to the left. It examines the very different responses to Corbyn's leadership from within the party, and why he was both challenged for the party leadership by his MPs and able to defend his position with enormous support from the mass membership. It finishes by examining how, after languishing in the polls, Labour defied expectations on polling day by dramatically increasing its vote share.


Our research is a conceptual proposition about the activity transfer between the members of the grocery supply chain, namely the consumer, retailer and supplier, and its impact on the productivity of each actor. This article shows the interest of studying the productivity in a multichannel context and in a holistic perspective (on the entire supply chain). This work will thus allow a better reflection on possible improvements of the global supply chain management in a cross-channel strategy of the various marketing channels.


This article studies the design and implementation of multi-objective predictive control (MO-PC) of a grid-connected seven-level packed U-cell (PUC7) inverter for minimising the line current total harmonic distortion (THD) and capacitor voltage error simultaneously. The weighting factor method is usually used as a simple method for solving the control problem in the literature. However, there are some difficulties and shortcomings in the calculation of weighting factors. Here, max–min selection strategy with together priority is adopted to reduce these deficiencies and improves the system performance. The switch model of the PUC inverter is derived and then applied in designing the MO-PC for grid-connected applications, where a controlled active or reactive power is injected into the utility. A comparative study among three strategies of weighting factor, fuzzy decision-making and max–min selection is performed to distinguish the proposed method superiority. Experimental results are given to validate the practicality of the applied controller in regulating the line current and capacitor voltage of the grid-connected PUC7 inverter.


This dissertation is composed of three journals examining the interfaces between the marketing variable of advertising and various aspects of the operations function of the enterprise, namely, (1) production cost [Chapter 2], (2) inventory control [Chapter 3], and (3) service cost learning [Chapter 4]. The first journal identified the optimum advertising allocation policy over time in the presence of a quadratic convex/concave production cost function when the advertising response function is concave using a modified VidaleWolfe model. Through analytical proofs and numerical simulations, the results indicated the potential superiority of a pulsation policy in the presence of concavity in the advertising response function only if the production cost function is convex; otherwise, the uniform policy would be optimal. The study is seen as applicable to frequently purchased products in the maturity stage of their life cycles of dominant firms in their industries practicing a zero-inventory policy in a just-in-time environment. The research objective pertaining to the second journal was to study how a firm would adapt optimum ordered quantity/production lot size and optimum advertising expenditure in response to changes in its own parameters, rival's parameters, or parameters that are common to all firms in a symmetric duopoly/oligopoly market. This was accomplished by developing comparative statics (sensitivity analysis) of a symmetric competitive inventory model with advertising-dependent demand based on a market share


ecological background for the understanding of the different antifreeze strategies. Also, he shows the use of antifreeze in the clarification of the evolution of the notothenioids. Briefly mentioned and hypothetically explained is the surprising similarity of antifreeze in taxonomically unrelated species such as Antarctic notothenioids and Arctic gadoids. Swimming performance, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and the nervous system are analyzed and interpreted in the light of systematic origin and environmental determination. Notothenioids are at the low end of the range of activity and swimming speeds of fishes, and, therefore, it is hard to obtain comparable species from temperate regions for comparison. 'Antarctic sea water, its thermal constancy, increased oxygen solubility, and high kinematic viscosity set the Southern Ocean and its fauna apart from all other marine habitats' (page 220). Eastman's concluding remarks, that Antarctic fishes, notably notothenioids, on the first glance do not show the striking morphological difference that one would expect compared to other teleosts, may surprise in the light of the above statement. What makes Antarctic fishes special, however, are the many adaptational details that only appear on closer investigation. Some of the adaptations may be related to the phyletic position of the suborder rather than to the Antarctic environment. This differentiated approach may be disappointing for those who look for the 'extreme' in Antarctic fish, but it may help better to understand biology of extreme environments in general. Eastman's book is the most exciting Antarctic fish book on the market. Over most parts it is well-written and didactically excellent. The book is enriched by impressive original photos of preparations and live specimens and by well-prepared tables and figures. Unpublished personal field observations at McMurdo Station, where Eastman had the chance to study live fishes in aquaria, add to the originality of the presented information. By its evolutionary and ecological approach, Antarctic fish biology is of interest not only to Antarctic fish workers, but to biologists and interested laymen in general. The book will facilitate teaching and learning in polar courses, and it gives a sound basis for future work on the fascinating details offish life in a unique environment. (Gerd Hubold, Institut fiir Seefischerei, Bundesforschunganstalt fiir Fischerei, Palmaille 9, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany.)


There are many methods of deformation monitoring data processing.Some methods have specific requirements for the amount of data and the data collection ways,others have complex calculation.Based on these shortages,a method of deformation trend fitting based on variable bandwidth kernel weighted estimation was proposed.First,the overall trend of deformation was fitted by kernel weighted estimation by using larger bandwidth.Then,the residual deformation was fitted by kernel weighted estimation by using smaller bandwidth.Based on the new method,a new bandwidth calculation method was proposed,namely the time series interval standard deviation bandwidth.The 32 elevation data deformation fitting of a certain monitoring point of a certain dam was taken as an example to compare the effect of using kernel weighted estimation based on different bandwidth and the effect of using kernel weighted estimation based on the experienced bandwidth.The result showed that the fitting precision of using kernel weighted estimation based on the time series interval standard deviation bandwidth was higher than the experienced bandwidth.What's more,the fitting precision of using kernel weighted estimation based on the variable bandwidth was higher than the time series interval standard deviation bandwidth and the experienced bandwidth.


A model is given where the complex permittivity of an electrolyte solution is calculated as a superposition of the contributions due to the translation of ions and the reorientation of water molecules, which occur in intermolecular potential wells during the lifetime of local order in liquids. Simple analytical expressions are found for the contributions of cations and anions to the linear-response spectral function. The one-dimensional rectangular potential well with perfectly elastic walls is considered. The contribution of water molecules to the
 orientational relaxation was calculated in terms of a hybrid model using the approach given recently in
 a book by Gaiduk (Dielectric Relaxation and Dynamics of Polar Molecules, World Scientific, Singapore, 1999). A modification of this model is also suggested in which the walls of the potential well undergo rather slow vibration. If the angular frequency ω is much less than the plasma frequency ωp of an ion, then the theory yields a nearly constant real part σ′ of the complex ionic conductivity σ(ω), while its imaginary part σ″
 is very small. Large variations with ω of both parts of σ are predicted to occur at millimetre/submillimetre wavelengths, when ω
 approaches ωp. Wideband (up to 1000 cm−1) theoretical spectra of the complex
 permittivity and absorption coefficient are calculated for NaCl–water and KCl–water solutions. The theory predicts
 that an additional loss/absorption could arise in the far-infrared (FIR) spectral range, if the mean ionic lifetime τion is much longer than the lifetime τ of the bulk water molecules.


Hydrogen production in a safe, enviromentally friendly, and inexpensive is an attempt to realize energy needs commercially, one of them is electrolysis. Many attempts which relate with water electrolysis had been conducted to produce hydrogen, for example by using wastewater as water substitution. The research is to study the effect of dahlia pinnata tuber starch to stainless steel/Fe-Co-Ni electrode activity on water electrolysis in base condition. Stainless steel/Fe-Co-Ni electrode activity for breaking the water molecules eventually is better than stainless steel electrode, either there is existance of dahlia pinnata tuber starch or not. The presence of dahlia pinnata tuber starch apparently makes the covering on surface of the electrode so the catalytic activity of the electrode is reduced. Covering is mostly affected by dahlia pinnata tuber starch concentration. Wastewater which contains starch, especially dahlia pinnata tuber starch, obviously is not good enough because hydrogen production rate becomes obstructed.Hydrogen production in a safe, enviromentally friendly, and inexpensive is an attempt to realize energy needs commercially, one of them is electrolysis. Many attempts which relate with water electrolysis had been conducted to produce hydrogen, for example by using wastewater as water substitution. The research is to study the effect of dahlia pinnata tuber starch to stainless steel/Fe-Co-Ni electrode activity on water electrolysis in base condition. Stainless steel/Fe-Co-Ni electrode activity for breaking the water molecules eventually is better than stainless steel electrode, either there is existance of dahlia pinnata tuber starch or not. The presence of dahlia pinnata tuber starch apparently makes the covering on surface of the electrode so the catalytic activity of the electrode is reduced. Covering is mostly affected by dahlia pinnata tuber starch concentration. Wastewater which contains starch, especially dahlia pinnata tuber starch, obviously is not good enough because hydrogen production rate beco...


Objective: The purpose of this study is to examined the effect and the molecular mechanisms of doxycycline in combination with 5-aminolevulinic acid mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) to treat mailgnant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been developed for anti-cancer treatment, especially on the cutaneous or oral mucosal neoplasms. ALA acid is the precursor of an endogenous photosensitizer (PS), protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Inhibition of tumor cell survival with controlling of metastasis was found after ALA-PDT. Doxycycline, a chemical structural modified tetracycline derivative, can substantially reduce tumor burden in human and animal models in addition to its antimicrobial effect. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the common neurocutaneous disorders. Since birth, NF1 patients can develop the benign large plexiform neurofibroma which can be transformed into a MPNST. There is no curative treatment for this rapid progressive and easily metastatic sarcoma. Design/Methods: Human MPNST cell line, S462 were treated in vitro with ALA-PDT alone or in combination ALA-PDT/doxycycline. In addition to evaluate the cell survival, we also investigated the mechanisms of cell death after the treatments. Results: The MTT assay showed the combined therapy, ALA-PDT/doxycycline reduced the survival of MPNST significantly, as compared to those treated with each therapy alone. The isobologram analysis showed a synergistic effect of combinatory treatment. The cell death pathway was found to be through cellular necrosis, rather than apoptosis or autophagy mechanism. The uptake of ALA and further accumulation of PpIX in target cells after application of extracellular ALA, determines the efficacy of ALA-PDT. These molecular events were enhanced after the combination of doxycycline. Conclusions: In summary, doxycycline can potentiate the effect of ALA-PDT to reduce the cell survival of MPNST. The increased potency warrants dose reduction of doxycycline and light energy, which provides the benefit of toxicity reduction in vivo. Disclosure: Dr. Lee has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hung has nothing to disclose. Dr. Huang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tsai has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chen has nothing to disclose.


Research and programmes to date have addressed the prevalence of maternal morbidity and mortality in many developing countries. Literature has explored the direct and indirect factors influencing maternal risk, and programmes have attempted to mitigate many of the persistent factors. While addressing health system factors and socioeconomic barriers is imperative, understanding women's perceptions within the cultural context in which they live is a necessary step for improving interventions aimed at reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. This study seeks to contribute to the existing evidence regarding Ecuadorian women's prenatal health care seeking perceptions and behaviours. The paper will explore and describe the perceptions and experiences of pregnant women attending the antenatal intercultural clinic regarding the care they receive from both midwives and obstetricians. It will also provide recommendations for improving current strategies being implemented in Ecuador in the domain of prenatal and reproductive health care, with a special focus on indigenous people and intercultural health.


The utility model relates to a helmet type acupoint vibration and stimulation massage device. A vibration generator is arranged on the shell which can be covered on a head, and a flexible integration massage lamina or concaved massaging bodies which are separately arranged independently are fixed on the inner surface of the shell. The shape of the shell fits the head shape and is provided with a belt, the shell adopts two halves which are covered mutually or a whole cover type, and a sound control initiator is arranged on the shell. The vibration generator is started up by a sound signal from the outside world or from users, and through the shell, vibrations generated by the vibration generator are conducted to the massage lamina or the concaved massaging bodies which are contacted with the skin layer of the human head to conduct the massage to the covered surface skin or local skin.


I first saw this movie in Toronto while attending the XVI International AIDS Conference and my immediate reaction was – well if there's no planet then we don't have to worry too much about AIDS. It kind of put things in perspective. Global warming may arguably be an even more pressing public health issue than the AIDS pandemic.


The incidence of local recurrence of carcinosarcoma 256 Walker in rats and a mouse tumor in mice was studied after administration of a small dose of x radiation. The mammary tumor occurring spontaneously in C3H/HeJ mice was transplanted into first generation offspring and can be considered isologous. The rat tumor was grown in the subcutaneous tissues of the back for 9 days and the mouse tumor for 30 days; excision at these times was followed by a high incidence of local recurrence. X radiation (2,000 rads) was given to the tumor 24 hours before operation or to the operative site 24 hours after excision of the growth; the same dose was given to the normal tissues of the controls on the day of operation. It was found that the preoperative radiation decreased the incidence of local recurrence of both tumors. Postoperative radiation was less effective; it decreased recurrences of the carcinosarcoma 256 Walker in the rat but only delayed the appearance of the mouse tumor.


The CsPbIBr2 perovskite films deposited from the precursor solutions in air, usually suffered from poor surface coverage and air-stability due to the uncontrolled nucleation and the existence of I- during the film formation, resulting in terrible photoelectric characteristics and reproducibility. At present, the preparation process of high-quality CsPbIBr2 films is under nitrogen atmosphere, which increases the cost and impedes its application in air. Herein, we propose a strategy for the growth of perovskite films with low defect density and better stability in air via dual-ligand-assisted (Ligand 1 (LP) and ligand 2 (NH4SCN))solution strategy. These ligands contains some organic molecules which have strong interaction with ions on the surface of perovskite thin films in order to regulate the addition of precursor ions onto the films. The high-quality CsPbIBr2 thin films were carried out in air with relative humidity of ≦60% by spraying method. The results indicate that ligand 1 with hydrophilic group and hydrophobic group, one of kind of surfactants, could effectively reduce the surface tension of perovskite precursor solution, improve the coverage of CsPbIBr2 perovskite film, and form a block layer of water and oxygen. However, the addition of ligand 1 in precursor solution inevitably introduced a large number of grain boundaries and detriment to carrier transport and collect. Thus, ligand 2 was employed to control the nucleation of perovskite films as another ligand, resulting in reducing the point defect formation. Their combination is beneficial to form the uniform perovskite film with large-size crystal and low-density defect. The high-quality crystallization of the perovskite film is found to simultaneously enhance the response and the durability of photodetectors. Thus, the unpackaged photodetectors (ITO/CsPbIBr2/Au) based on this strategy yield the outstanding photoelectric response under the excitation of 405 nm laser. This device exhibits a low dark current density of 2 × 10-4 mA cm-2, a fast response time of 20 μs and 21 μs, and high stability (81%, ≥70 days) in air with relative humidity of 40%-60%. Hence, this study provides a simple method to prepare high-quality CsPbIBr2 perovskite thin films with low-density defect and realize air-stable and charge-transport-layer-free CsPbIBr2 photodetectors for practical applications in photoelectric detection field.


We present a True Random Number Generator (TRNG) using the images taken by web or mobile phone cameras. We use all three RGB color channels to obtain the random numbers whereas previous studies used only one. We investigated the physical and statistical properties of the random noise in a digital photograph obtained by a camera system, and we made several approximations to efficiently collect the best random signals from the pixels in the images to map them to random sequences. In short, the algorithm excludes each pixel's saturated values to get its unbiased bits. An additional transposing operation shuffles the raw sequence to achieve better randomness. The final sequence passes all of the NIST randomness tests. The algorithm involves very few calculations and is especially suitable for smart phones. With modern mobile cameras, it can work on the go and achieve a fast bit rate. With readily available commodity hardware with no hardware changes, we observe a random number generate rate of 60 Mbps. A minor hardware optimization can result in a rate of about 1 Gbps.


In connection with the current construction of local transmission network, this paper explains the importance of the safe of circuit, discussing quantitatively the Safety Performance of point to point circuits. In view of the problem about the Safe of Circuit in local transmission network of A city mobile company, the optimization plan is given. It provide a useful reference for the construction and optimization of circuit in local transmission network.


Complexity and notation of formal methods are still major impediments for a wider use of these mathematical-based approaches in Software Engineering which include its adoption in software testing. While formal, Statecharts are relatively simple to use and many projects in different domains have been relying on them. In this paper, we present a hierarchy-based translation method, HiMoST, to generate software test cases via Model Checking. Starting with a behavioral modeling in Harel's Statecharts, we propose a method to translate from Statecharts into a general structure based on the NuSMV language, and we formalize CTL properties by means of specification patterns and a Combinatorial Interaction Testing algorithm. We also present a cost-effectiveness evaluation (quasiexperiment) to compare four different patterns/pattern scopes. Results indicate that the Precedence Chain (P precedes S, T) pattern with Global scope presents the best performance.


The paper proposed a watermarked scheme used to protect integrity for relational databases. In this schema, watermark is created from attributes in the database and embedded in some properties of the relational database. After embedding the watermarkin relational database, the use value of the attributes does not change. The paper proves the correctness of the proposed watermarked scheme.


The author presents a personal narrative in which he reflects upon the 2012 sculpture "Heavy Bag," by the artist Vincent Szarek dealing with topics including how it is displayed at the ACE Gallery located in Los Angeles, California, how the work references S&M (Sadomasochism) culture and the construction of the sculpture.


Abstract:In 1997, 2005, and 2015, Taiwan's Golden Bough Theatre performed Troy, Troy… Taiwan in three different productions at a derelict winery, a historical fort, and an outdoor theatre respectively. Using the form of environmental theatre, the Golden Bough Theatre presented a hybrid version of the Greek Trojan War in Taiwan Minnan by incorporating forms of Taiwanese opera, folk songs, popular music elements, and local religious rituals. Focusing on the significance of the Trojan story as a tantalizing subject for the Golden Bough Theatre, this paper argues that it is the traumatic connotations of the Trojan myth that instigated the theatre to produce three versions of Troy, Troy… Taiwan, and that the traumatic connotations are shown respectively via the issue of state power (1997), land (2005), and women (2015). This study further suggests that such traumatic connotations are related to the establishment of identities: the 1997 production concerns the identity of the Golden Bough Theatre as a young theatre company, the 2005 production concerns the identity of Taiwan as a political entity, and the 2015 production concerns the identity of the director, Wang Rong-yu, as a confident and mature artist.


Excavating the Cultural Resources of "A Dream of Red Mansions" and Promoting the New Connotation of Tourism in Yangzhou Chen Bao Jiangsu College of Tourism, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225000 Abstract It has always been rich in tourism resources in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. Since ancient times, it has attracted a large number of tourists with beautiful scenery, exquisite food and profound humanities. "A Dream of Red Mansions" not only has a close relationship with Yangzhou in creation, but also has a close relationship with Yangzhou in terms of material culture, immaterial culture, customs and habits and so on. With the vigorous development of tourism in Yangzhou City, relevant departments can try to develop more tourism projects to enhance consumers' sensory experience and spiritual experience in tourism. As a famous masterpiece closely related to Yangzhou City, "A Dream of Red Mansions" has become a new and meaningful subject to excavate more tourism resources related to Yangzhou City and promote the growth of tourism economy in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.


Objective: The purpose of this case study is to present the report of corrective chiropractic management for a patient suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Clinical Features: A 34-year-old male patient presented to the chiroprac tor with OSA which he had been diagnosed with for 5 years and had symptoms many years prior to being diagnosed. The patient was unable to breathe at night while sleeping without the use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine. The patient also suffered from daytime drowsiness, lack of energy, and loud snoring. Intervention and Outcomes: The patient was initially evaluated for vertebral subluxations, which were corrected by chiropractic adjustments utilizing Diversified Technique, Full Spine Technique, and Pettibon Technique. Dietary modifications were also implemented. These interventions make up the Maximized Living protocol. After being under corrective chiropractic care and dietary modification for 3 months, the patient experienced an increase in energy, decreased daytime drowsiness, and improvement in other health conditions. He was also able to sleep throughout the night without the use of the CPAP machine.


PURPOSE
Recent publications have highlighted the potential of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to catalyze collaborations in cancer care, research and education in global radiation oncology. This work reports on the use of ICTs for global Medical Physics education and training across three countries: USA, Tanzania and Kuwait METHODS: An online education platform was established by Radiation Oncology Faculty from Harvard Medical School, and the University of Pennsylvania with integrated Medical Physics Course modules accessible to trainees in Tanzania via partnership with the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, and the Ocean Road Cancer Institute. The course modules incorporated lectures covering Radiation Therapy Physics with videos, discussion board, assessments and grade center. Faculty at Harvard Medical School and the University of Massachusetts Lowell also employed weekly Skype meetings to train/mentor three graduate students, living out-of-state and in Kuwait for up to 9 research credits per semester for over two semesters towards obtaining their graduate degrees RESULTS: Students were able to successfully access the Medical Physics course modules and participate in learning activities, online discussion boards, and assessments. Other instructors could also access/co-teach the course modules from USA and Tanzania. Meanwhile all three graduate students with remote training via Skype and email made major progress in their graduate training with each one of them submitting their research results as abstracts to be presented at the 2016 AAPM conference. One student has also published her work already and all three are developing these abstracts for publication in peer-reviewed journals.

CONCLUSION
Altogether, this work highlights concrete examples/model on how ICTs can be used for capacity building in Medical Physics across continents, for both education and research training needed for Masters/PhD degrees. The developed modules and model will be scaled to benefit many more trainees and other developing countries.


This study addresses the depletion of thin liquid films due to centrifugation. Equations describing the flow of a thin viscous film over a rough rotating disk are solved by either an analytical or numerical method. Depletion histories of the film are given for cases involving regular patterns of surface asperities. It is found that surface roughness markedly enhances the retention of a thin liquid film on a rotating disk. Moreover, different topographic structures of the surface roughness lead to different asymptotic limits of liquid retention.


1 Consultant & Oral Implantologist, Private practice, Sharma Dental Clinic Implant & Orthodontic Centre, Westend Plaza, Kapashera Delhi 110037 2 Consultant, Periodontist & Oral Implantolgist, Sharma Dental Clinic Implant & Orthodontic Centre, Kapashera Delhi 110037 3 Private Practice, Sharma Dental Clinic Implant & Orthodontic Centre, Avalon Royal Plaza, Alwar Bypass Road, Bhiwadi, Rajasthan 301019 4,5 Private Practice, Dr. Sachin Dental Care and Implant Center, Sector 106, Gurgaon 122006 6 Private Practice, Sharma Dental Clinic, Avalon Royal Plaza, Alwar Bypass Road, Bhiwadi, Rajasthan 301019 7 Professor & Head of Department, Department of Oral Pathology, Rajasthan Dental College, Jaipur 302026 * Corresponding Author Dr Sandeep Kumar Consultant& Oral Implantologist, Sharma Dental Clinic Implant & Orthodontic Centre, Westend Plaza, Old Delhi Gurgaon Road, Kapashera Delhi 110037 Abstract Excessive gingival visualization is a cosmetic problem for patients It is a condition in which there is overexposure of the upper gingiva (> 3mm) during the smile. There are many causes of a gummy smile which includes vertical excess of the maxilla, short overactive upper lip, altered passive eruption, anterior dentoalveolar extrusion, or their combinations The correct diagnosis of all the etiological factors is essential for its correct management. Diverse approaches have been used to reestablish the dentogingival relationship for the management of the gummy smile. Surgical lip repositioning is a conventional surgical technique used to manage excess gingival display. It is a largely unknown treatment modality. This limits the lift of the lips to the smile and increases the fullness of the lips. This technique was designed to be shorter, less aggressive, and have fewer postoperative complications than orthognathic surgery. In the current case series, a patient is presented who has been successfully managed with lip repositioning. This article aims to describe the lip repositioning technique to minimize the gummy smile with a simple surgical procedure.


A voltage compensation circuit (20) and method for a grid electrode driver and a liquid-crystal display device are provided. The voltage compensation circuit (20) comprises a voltage detection unit (23), a digital comparison correction unit (22) and a voltage adjustment unit (21). The voltage detection unit (23) detects an input voltage (V1) of the grid electrode driver and transmits the input voltage (V1) to the digital comparison correction unit (22). The digital comparison correction unit (22) further receives a reference voltage provided by a controller (24) disposed outside the grid electrode driver and compares the input voltage (V1) with the reference voltage so as to generate a correction control signal and transmit the correction control signal to the voltage adjustment unit (21). The voltage adjustment unit (21) adjusts the input voltage (V1) according to the correction control signal and outputs a target voltage (V2). The grid electrode driver outputs the target voltage (V2) to a liquid-crystal display panel (13). By means of the foregoing manner, a scanning voltage which is transmitted to the grid electrode driver can be adjusted, and the voltage drop existing among output voltages of different grid electrode drivers is avoided, so that the display mura phenomenon of the liquid-crystal display panel is eliminated, and the display quality is improved.


: This paper reviews the small but growing literature on intergenerational educational mobility in the developing world. Education is a critical determinant of economic well-being, and it predicts a range of non-pecuniary outcomes such as marriage, fertility, health, crime, and political attitudes. We show that developing nations feature stronger intergenerational educational persistence than high-income countries, in spite of substantial educational expansion in the last decades. We consider variations in mobility across gender and region, and discuss the macro-level correlates of educational mobility in developing countries. The paper also discusses the literatures on (i) concepts and measures of educational mobility, (ii) theoretical perspectives to understand educational persistence across generations, (iii) the role that education plays in the economic mobility process, and (iv) differences in the type and quality of education as vehicles for intergenerational persistence, and it applies these literatures to understand educational mobility in the developing world. Acknowledgements: Sarah and participants in the UNU-WIDER conference Social Mobility in Developing Countries: Concepts, Methods and Determinants for their excellent comments and suggestions. also for research


A communication system using a fixed frequency shift keying modulation to encode the variable frequency power transmitting communications signals, wherein the single communication bits represented by a plurality of modulation. In order to provide a fixed communication speed, the number of bits associated with the respective modulation dynamically varies with the ratio of communication frequency carrier signal frequency. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a dynamic phase shift keying modulation, switching at a rate by which to generate communication load, the rate of power transfer frequency score. In another embodiment, the present invention and a rate phase-locked to a harmonic frequency of the power transmission switching communication transmitters provide communications load. In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a phase shift keying modulation, for example, comprises two different frequencies in one of the modulation.


In the past two years, extensive research has been carried out at IRCTR (International Research Centre for Telecommunication‐Transmission and Radar) in order to analyze and model the reflection and transmission coefficients of a semiconductor, i.e., doped silicon, under illumination of light. It was found that the characteristics of the semiconductor material could substantially be changed once it is illuminated with light. This property of the semiconductor material can be used to realize a nonmechanical beam deflector that can form and scan a beam of millimeter‐wave (MMW) radiation at a rapid rate. The preliminary measurements in a closed waveguide structure show that there is a total reflection of MMW and microwave (MW) power after the laser is turned on. The laser light causes a considerable change in the equivalent conductivity of the silicon wafer, changing it from an insulator to a good conductor. The reflection and transmission are modeled using the S–T matrix of the total microwave network. There is a good similarity in the behavior of the theoretical and measurement results. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 349–353, 2001.


This study aims to examine the effect of perceived benefit in My Starbucks Reward loyalty program in Semarang. Research design used for this study is a modification of previous research about effect of loyalty program in France which was conducted by Mimouni-Chaabane and Volle (2010). The model consists of four independent variables which are monetary benefit, exploratory benefit, social benefit, and ego pleasure. This research also used perceived relationship investment as intervening variable, whereas relationship quality is used as dependent variable.
Primary data were collected by using online questionnaire from 60 respondents whom were members of My Starbucks Card and had used the card as payment method in their patron to Starbucks Semarang store. Path analysis method to aalyze the model. The result shows that all independent variables, except Monetary Benefit, have influence upon Perceived Investment Variable. Perceived. Variable Perceived Relationship Investment is found to have positive influence upon relationship quality and to have role as intervening variable.


Core–shell structured TS-1@mesocarbon (TS-1@MC) materials with mesoporous carbon as the shell and microporous TS-1 titanosilicate as the core were synthesized through a nanocasting and selective silica etching strategy. The faithful replica structure was constructed from the composite of TS-1@mesosilica and carbon when tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) was employed to selectively remove the amorphous mesosilica shell while the core zeolite crystal structure was not destroyed. In contrast, the protective effect was not seen when sodium hydroxide or hydrogen fluoride was employed as a silica-leaching agent. The obtained TS-1@MC had a bimodal pore structure consisting of 2.9 nm mesopores in the carbon shell and 0.51 nm micropores in the TS-1 core. Its specific surface area and total pore volume reached 883 m2 g−1 and 0.63 cm3 g−1, respectively. TS-1@MC was used as the support to load palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) in the carbon shell. Having an average particle size of approximately 2 nm, the Pd NPs were highly dispersed and confined in the mesopores of the carbon shell. Pd/TS-1@MC thus obtained served as an efficient tandem catalyst in the direct epoxidation of propylene with hydrogen and oxygen.


in the T-state (inactive; NADH bound). Notably, in the unregulated Type I CS these same residues form a stable folded region composed of two large helices that are a key part of the binding site for acetylCoA. Kinetic analyses of both types of CS indicate a similar catalytic mechanism, suggesting that in the active R-state of E. coli Type II CS, the conformation of residues 262-298 will be similar to that seen in the unregulated Type I enzymes. This uniquely evolved functionality switch in the Type II CS provides the opportunity to study a novel aspect of the protein folding problem, namely how to engineer the property of reversible instability into a formerly stably folded region. We have specifically designed and determined the structures of variant enzymes to gain a better understanding of the mechanistic features of this allosterically controlled regulatory folding/unfolding system. This has resulted in a series of stepwise structural snap shots of the refolding process in going from the T to R-states in Type II CS. Supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.


CONNECARE "Personalised Connected Care for Complex Chronic Patients" is a H2020 Research and Innovation Project, started on April 2016 and that will finish on December 2019. CONNECARE is a technologically-oriented initiative aiming at exploring digital tools to support two key requirements of integrated-care services for chronic patients, namely: (i) Smart adaptive case management of patients with multimorbid conditions; and, (ii) Collaborative work among the various stakeholders, including patients and their families across health and social care tiers, involved in the services. The CONNECARE model consists of two major components: an organizational model for integrated-care and a technological platform to support the integrated-care organizational processes. The CONNECARE approach has been an implementation research approach, using an observational study design focused on implementing the CONNECARE organizational model and technology in real-life clinical setting with an intervention group and matched control group in four implementation sites: Barcelona, Lleida, Israel, and Groningen. The CONNECARE platform has been deployed in two situations: 1) Community-based prevention of unplanned hospital-related events in chronic complex patients with high risk for hospitalization (ImplementationStudy1), and 2) Preventive patient-centered intervention in complex chronic patients undergoing elective major surgical procedures (ImplementationStudies2&3). While the objectives and desired outcomes are the same in all sites, the organizational model for integrated-care and the supporting digital tools have been adapted to the specific needs of each site. ImplementationStudy1 focused on patients identified in a hospital setting – either in the emergency room or in the hospital who are then discharged back to their home in the community in a transitional care context or in a primary care context; or patients living at home but receiving (intensive) medical services due to the complexity of their condition. The target group of the ImplementationStudies2&3 is high-risk patients undergoing an elective major surgical procedure in all four sites. A total of 288 patients have been involved. Overall, patient satisfaction with both the services and the technology was very positive although there were some significant differences among the sites. While different measures were used to assess the services itself as opposed to the technology, it is fairly clear, particularly from patient comments and their relatives, that the two were very intertwined. As CONNECARE is an integrated care project, the assessment of the service focused on how patients perceived the service as being patient-centered if it met their needs and abilities and to what extent they perceived the care they received as "integrated". The satisfaction with the technology as measured by Likert Scales/Net-Promoter-Score and the System-Usability-Scale was high, despite a significant number of challenges encountered along the way. Satisfaction was clearly linked to the perception that the digital tools were part of an overall integrated-care process and the relationship between professionals and patients. The most valuable results came from the evaluation at each site of the organizational processes involved in the implementation and the lessons learned will be crucial in scaling up the deployment of digitally-enabled integrated care in the four sites beyond the project's end.


National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR) is devoted to science communication, dissemination and S&T information management systems and services using modern IT infrastructure. Broadly the core activity of NISCAIR is to collect/store, publish and disseminate S&T information through a mix of traditional and modern means, which benefits different segments of society.


Objective:In order to investigate the Rubella virus infection situation in pregnant women of Kunming area.Methods:We sample the blood of the pregnant women who take the routine gestational examine in outpatient department from 2005 June to 2007 July .We used Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) to detected IgM IgG antibodies of Rubella virus. Results : First ,the positive rates were as follows: IgM:1.09%,IgG:62.02%. Second,through the investigation,we found that ,the recent infection rate of Rubella virus is 1.73% in pregnant women ,the percentage of the RUV immunity is below 70%. Conclusion : We advised that women take examination of RUV-IgG before the pregnancy,the negative women should take immunifaction.


in the process of determining the length of mining face which influences the effect of mining,many factors influence the determination of the length for fully mechanized top-coal caving face.Based on the analysis of experiential expression to determine the length of face with ventilation capacity,one expression to determine the length of fully mechanized top-coal caving face with ventilation capacity is presented.Combining the feature of gas existing and emission from the fourth mine of Hebi Coal Mining Group,the rational length for fully mechanized top-coal caving face is determined.


AbstractA magnetic transport system for regolith particles on the Moon and Mars was developed, taking advantage of the fact that lunar and Martian regolith particles are magnetic. A multistage coil...


The Safety Collaborative in the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD), Local District is a unique coordinated effort to address school safety. The participation of diverse agencies demonstrates the importance of protecting the school environment and recognizes the necessity for a safe learning environment where students are not disrupted in their academic studies. It also demonstrates that violence prevention in schools alone cannot be the source of prevention. In having a variety of stakeholders, schools not only obtain input from other sources, but are also able to cover aspects of safety that schools cannot supply themselves.


Ultrathin two dimensional (2D) metal dichalogenide (MoS 2, WS2, so forth) exhibits confinement of carriers, evolution of band structure, high on/off rectification, and high thermal absorption. However their incorporation into systems requires controlled functionalization and/or interaction with other nanoscale entities. Here, we enhance the stable sulfur/noble metal functionalization via both diffusion limited aggregation and instantaneous reaction arresting (using microwaves). These gold nanoparticles are incorporated selectively on MoS 2 crystallographic edges (with 60 0


Blind equalization allows the transmitted signals to maximize their spectral efficiency, but it is limited by the convergence time of used algorithms. In this paper, the authors propose a new frequency blind equalization method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), which drastically reduces the transient state delay of the algorithm's convergence process. It consists of reusing a proper number of received OFDM symbols that have been stored in a memory. Simulations results reveal that a quasi-instantaneous equalization process can be achieved. In addition, the implementation issues are discussed in this paper.


Abstract By using a packed-bed reactor with a palladium/charcoal catalyst and ammonium formate or triethylsilane as hydrogen/hydride source, various functional groups including nitro groups, azides and alkenes can be efficiently reduced by a transfer hydrogenation process under mild conditions in a simple flow system.


A 39-year-old woman suddenly, without loss of consciousness, has left-sided hemiplegia with sensory disturbances, vasomotor disturbances, and bouts of pain on the same side


We often suffer more in our imaginations than in reality. Anxiety is a terrible experience, you could even have an attack and no one would even know most of the times because it is an inward thing. People do get anxious and experience this feeling most of the times in life. Up to an extent its normal as much as it can be controlled if not this unpleasant feeling overrules. We learn to combat this feeling as the age passes but it also depends on different environmental, social occupational factors and the level of stress to overcome can be difficult. Many non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods are available to combat anxiety disorder. Self-medications can be occupational hazard and is strongly entrenched within the culture of both physicians and medical students as an accepted way to buffer their work performance. We are reporting a case of an anxious medico self-medicated to combat anxiety.


NASA invention entitled, "The Hydraulic Controlled Auto-Adjustable Pin Tool for Friction Stir Welding" (U.S. Patent 5,893,5 07), better known as the Retractable Pin-Tool (RPT) has been instrumented with a load detecting devise allowing the forces placed upon the welding probe to be measured. As the welding probe is plunged into the material, the forces placed upon the probe can now be charactefized. Of particular interest are those forces experienced as the welding probe comes within close proximity to the back-up anvil. For a given material, it is believed that unique forces are generated relative to the distance between the welding probe and the anvil. The forces have been measured and characterized for several materials, and correlations have been made between these forces and the pin's position relative to the backside of the weld material.


For intervention of cardiovascular diseases, biodegradable and biocompatible, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NP) are emerging as agents of choice for controlled and targeted drug delivery. Therefore development of PLGA-NP with optimal physico-chemical properties will allow efficient binding and thus delivery of drug to targeted cells under various patho-physiological conditions. The force kinetics and its dependence on size of the NPs will be crucial for designing the NPs. Since optical tweezers allow non-contact, highly sensitive force measurement with high spatial and temporal resolution, we utilized it for studying interaction forces between magnetic PLGA nanoparticles with smooth muscle cells (SMC). In order to investigate effect of size, interaction force for 200 to 1100nm PLGA NP was measured. For similar interaction duration, the force was found to be higher with increase in size. The rupture force was found to depend on time of interaction of SMC with NPs.


INTRODUCTION Tourism is the world's largest industry, with 694 million international tourist arrivals generating revenues of US$514 billion in 2003 (World Tourism Organization, 2004). Estimates of global coastal tourism range between 40% and 70% of the total tourism market, and beach leisure tourism constitutes a major part of the industry. Due to increased disposable incomes, increased leisure time, and falling prices, the industry is still growing rapidly and is expected to reach 1.6 billion arrivals by 2020 (World Tourism Organization, 2001). Coral reefs contribute to tourism to a tune of US$9.6 billion yr -1 globally (Cesar, 2003). National values have been calculated as US$23.2 million yr -1 for Bonaire, US$2 million yr -1 in Saba, US$23.5 million yr -1 in West Lombok and US$682 million yr -1 for the Great Barrier Reef (Dixon et al ., 1993; Fernandes, 1995; Riopelle, 1995, cited in Cesar, 1996; Driml, 1994). Cesar (2003b) gave a value of US$112 million for Egypt in 2000, including US$23 million in consumer surplus. Reefs not only support niche sub-markets in scuba diving and snorkelling excursions, they also add value to the tourism product through associated images of exoticism and natural beauty. It is no surprise that in many developing nations with reef resources, tourism is an attractive industry to develop. With long-haul travel becoming cheaper and more available, previously remote areas are becoming part of the tourism mainstream. As part of this development, coastal destinations that previously catered to niche markets in independent and adventure travel are becoming oriented to all-inclusive beach resort holidays.


The ecological garden is the inheritance and development of traditional garden experience; follow the principle of ecology, the construction of multi-level and multiple structures, multi-function plant community of science. To establish new order of the associated humans, animals, plants and ecological beauty is scientific beauty and cultural beauty and artistic beauty. Guided by the economics, emphasizing the direct economic benefits, are indirect economic benefits. Application system engineering development garden, hand in hand with the development of ecological, social and economic benefits, realize the virtuous circle, for human to create clean and beautiful, the ecological environment of civilization. Its core is to use ecology principles guiding the construction of garden plant landscape, and truly achieve the sustainable development of city landscape construction ideal goal.


Most satisfactory procedures of numerical deconvolution are obtained by recognizing that Equation 2.9 in Bekey's paper can be viewed as an approximation to Equation 2.6 of that paper. Therefore, solving for the impulse response is equivalent to solving a convolution-type integral equation of the first kind, and integral equations of the first kind are notorious for being ill-conditioned and extremely sensitive to noise. Hence, the difficulties of numerical deconvolution should be treated using techniques for the numerical solution of integral equations.


Woman empowerment is the process of building a woman's capacity to be self-reliant and to develop her sense of inner strength. Dairying in India is a female dominated enterprise. It is established beyond doubt that women always participated in dairy and animal husbandry activities in addition to their daily household chores. Women spent more time than men in dairy production activities. Training is one of the important aspects of empowerment, which can enhance knowledge, improve skill and change the attitude of rural women. Selection of breed, compounding balanced feed using locally available ingredients, feeding during pregnancy, health care and banking and insurance were the most preferred areas of training in dairy farming. The overall adoption level of the trained dairy farm women was higher than untrained dairy farm women.


Multifactor authentication methods have been developed to raise the security of user authentication by integrating smart card, fingerprint and password. Nevertheless, currently available authentication schemes cannot effectively avoid specific attacks, such as authentication data being stolen by internal staff. For example, the attacker can get the fingerprints of the user from the imprint cup of biometric capture sensors. Therefore, we propose a variantbased remote authentication scheme using rotor machine concept where the biometric template is encrypted and altered arbitrarily by users to avoid the fingerprint template being stolen. If the encrypted fingerprint template is lost, the user can set a novel string and generate a new encrypted one, and the original template becomes invalid, so hacker or internal staff cannot use it as a legal identity to pass the liveness test. Furthermore, we show that the proposed scheme is a secure scheme and is immune to four types of network attacks via security analysis for smart home applications.


The three dimensional visual of soil pore structure is the vital foundation of studying and understanding soil structure and characteristics quantificationally. An arithmetic of constructing three dimensional koch curve was put forward. After that, the three dimensional visual method of soil pore based on koch curve was worked out. Minimal value principle of generalized energy was applied to compute coordinates of turning point on koch curve. The three dimensional structure of soil pore was reconstructed based on the given soil pore structure characteristics, main courses of which included variational control of soil aperture, soil pore drawing layered, distributing control of soil channels and interacting control by transfering soil pore parameters. The result of verifying analysis indicates that the built soil pore by this method has such enough real senses that represent characteristics of given soil pore structure preferably.


ScanSAR mode can be used to monitor deformation of large area,but this mode has some difference with strip mode.Aiming to study those differences,following ScanSAR mode data interferometry processing have been analyzed such as strip mosaicing,coregistering,correction of atmosphere effects and geoid undulation.At the same time,methods overcoming corresponding problems have been put forward.In this paper,ENVISAT WSS mode interferograms of Wenchuan and Yutian earthquake are corrected,and the deformation fields have been analyzed.With the application to ScanSAR interferometry in Wenchuan and Yutian earthquake,it is significant for scientific research on large earthquakes and crust motion.


The effects of polyelectrolyte flocculation on centrifugal sedimentation and filtration stages of clay slurry were highlighted in this study. The moisture removal efficiency was enhanced by flocculation and increasing the rotational speed. Slurry conditioned to charge neutralization point exhibited the best dewaterability. For flocculated sludges, the sedimentation effect became too significant to eliminate the centrifugal filtration stage. Over 93% of the moisture removal was accomplished by simply allowing the filtrate to flow through a compacted filter cake. Optimal flocculant dose and rotational speed were found in the centrifugal tests.


Anthogranulomatous cystitis (XC) is an inflammatory condition of the urinary bladder that is benign and rarely seen. XC is a unique disease in which there have been only 26 cases described in the literature, including our case. Patients with XC often present with lower urinary tract symptoms, hematuria, abdominal pain, or abdominal mass. We present the unusual case of an 81 year old female who presents with urinary incontinence, which was later diagnosed as a vesicovaginal fistula. After describing the treatment of this patient, a review of the literature is detailed including presentation, possible etiologies, and treatment of XC.


This BP is the most commonly used artificial neural network, but it suffers from extensive computations, relatively slow convergence speed and other possible weaknesses for complex problems. Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been successfully used to train neural networks, but often with the result of exponential computational complexities and hard implementation. Hence Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to train BP in the paper. For the purpose of predicting chaotic data sequences, an improved PSO is implemented, in which a chaotic way for changing particle velocity is proposed, i.e., the inertia weight is fixed on a chaotic sequence at the beginning of searching process. The efficiency of BP trained with this improved PSO is compared with those of BP and BP tuned with GA based on the prediction of same chaotic data sequences. Comparison based on the searching precision and convergence speed of each method show that BP tuned with PSO is dominant and effective to predict chaotic data sequences.


A simple on-line procedure is considered for the prediction of a binary-valued sequence in the setup introduced and studied by Weissman and Merhav [2001], [2004], where only side information is available for the algorithm. The (non-randomized) algorithm is based on a convex combination of several simple predictors. If the side information is also binary-valued (i.e. original sequence is corrupted by a binary sequence) and both processes are realizations of stationary and ergodic random processes then the average of the loss converges, almost surely, to that of the optimum, given by the Bayes predictor. An analog result is offered for the classification of binary processes.


Peroxisomes are single membrane‐limited cell organelles that are involved in numerous metabolic functions. Peroxisomes do not contain DNA; the matrix and membrane proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome. It is assumed that new peroxisomes are formed by division of existing organelles. The present article gives an overview of microscopic studies and recent unpublished results dealing with peroxisome biogenesis in mammalian fetal liver and presents data on peroxisomes in oocytes.


This technical memorandum presents the results of pavement evaluation and rehabilitation design for pavement 06-KIN-198, PM 9.2/17.9. The pavement evaluation consisted of deflection testing, coring, material sampling, backcalculation of stiffnesses using the software program CalBack, and condition assessment. Designs were prepared using current California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) methods and alternative rehabilitation designs were prepared using mechanistic-empirical software and models included in the software program CalME.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the concepts of satisfaction and service quality of outsourced facilities management (FM) services. Design/methodology/approach – An empirical survey of 208 stakeholders in Nigeria's hospitals was used to first, assess the level of satisfaction of users of outsourced FM services and second, validate a conceptual model using the structural equation modelling (SEM) methodology. Findings – Findings show that the three top services are cleaning (6.17), security (6.01) and landscape maintenance (5.73) while the least rated service is the plant maintenance and their personnel. The result also indicates that all six hypotheses were supported by the service quality satisfaction model structural equation model, meaning that quality attributes depicted by the outsourced FM services is antecedent to overall satisfaction. Specifically, "security services to overall satisfaction" received the highest path loading of 0.88, and was closely followed by "cleaning services ...


tory of Ç Her A resembles that of the secondaries in Algol-type stars. It is possible that in our two groups of subgiants, both of which may owe their properties to a striking deficiency of hydrogen, the one group owes this deficiency to the nuclear conversion of hydrogen into helium, while in the other group a similar deficiency in hydrogen may have had its origin in the process of formation of a close binary. Although there are sound theoretical reasons justifying the use of the co-ordinates r|, it does not appear to us convincing that the subgiants form a sequence when they are plotted in the T] plane. We have taken a random distribution of points in the frame of our co-ordinates ¿JW, log L, and R and have converted them to the co-ordinates 5, T The original "cloud" of points is then turned into a fairly conspicuous sequence resembling the subgiants in the diagram by Parenago and Massevich.


Background: Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) is a key component of the synaptic vesicle docking/fusion machinery and its mRNA reportedly increases in the frontal cortex of rats following chronic antidepressant and electroconvulsive treatment. VAMP2 is therefore thought to be involved in the mechanism of action of antidepressants and may alter their efficacy. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the VAMP2 gene is associated with clinical responses to a specific antidepressant, fluvoxamine. Methods: A total of 106 patients with major depressive disorder were given fluvoxamine (50–200 mg/day) for 8 weeks and assessed for severity of depression using the Semi-Structured Interview Guide of the Hamilton Depressive Scale (SIGH-D; 17 items) at 0 and 8 weeks. We defined a clinical response as more than a 50% reduction in baseline SIGH-D within 8 weeks, and defined clinical remission as a SIGH-D score of less than 7 at 8 weeks. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP. Results: Analysis of haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms as well as haplotype analysis did not reveal any significant associations. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the VAMP2 gene is unlikely to play a major role in the efficacy of fluvoxamine.


Performance contagion is an environmental influential factor that leads to change in the performance of a person who is susceptible to contagion. For the purpose of constructing a conceptual model of employees' susceptibility to job performance contagion, a general scale for testing the amount of the individual's susceptibility to performance contagion was developed in the present study. This scale was used in developing a questionnaire. Then the questionnaire was distributed to the 187 non-teaching staff of the Science and research branch of Islamic Azad University and its validity, reliability, constructrelated evidence and contentrelated evidence were studied.


Autistic spectrum disorders are disorders that affect many aspects of thinking and learning. Specific intervention program should be provided for autistic to overcome the problem due to weaknesses in cognitive process. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cognitive training in improving executive functioning skills among children with autism. The present study focused on skills in attention, working memory, transitioning, emotional regulation, abstract planning, impulse control, flexibility, and problem solving skills. This case study was conducted at National Autistic Society of Malaysia involving 10 children, age range between four to 12 years old. This study used the Cognitive Training Program which was designed for the purpose to train cognitive skills in children with autism. The data collection period were four months. Data collection methods used were observation, interviews and document analysis. The observation was conducted five times during the training session. Two sets of interview questions were designed and used in four interview sessions. The findings showed that this training were successfully improved executive functioning skills among participants but it depends on their ability to response to the training. Overall findings showed that participants were good in executive functions training. As a conclusion, cognitive training program is necessarily provided to help autistic children expand executive functioning skills effectively. Research implications indicate that cognitive training program should be promoted and expand to parents, teachers, caretaker and anyone who are engage with autistic children as an alternative intervention to be practiced systematically.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the therapeutic feasibility of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) from partially HLA-mismatched related donors for hematologic diseases.

METHODS
Thirty patients with hematologic diseases received allo-HSCT from 1 - 3 loci mismatched related donors conditioning regimen consisting of ATG (thymoglobulin, total dose of 10 mg/kg, intravenously on - 4 d to - 1 d), and only 5 (18%) of 28 recipients from HLA-identical sibling donors were treated with regimen containing ATG. Donors were given G-CSF prior to hematopoietic stem cell harvest and CsA, short-term MTX and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) were used for GVHD prophylaxis in both group.

RESULTS
All patients were successfully engrafted. There was no significant difference in the incidence of grade II to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and grade III to IV aGVHD between the mismatched and matched groups (34% vs 32%, and 13% vs 11%, respectively). 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in mismatched and matched groups were 57% vs 77% (P = 0.14) and 57% vs 69% (P = 0.28), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that advanced disease pre-transplant (P = 0.006) and CMV infection (P = 0.04) were risk factors for OS. OS for patients with stable disease in mismatched and matched groups were 87% vs 81% (P = 0.65) respectively, and for those with advanced disease were 21% vs 71% (P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS
It is feasible to perform allo-HSCT from 1 -3 loci HLA-mismatched related donors for patients with stable disease who lack HLA-identical sibling donors. Nevertheless, for patients with advanced disease optimized conditioning regimen and intensive supporting therapy should be administered to obtain better clinical outcomes.


Local economies of marine areas are largely unexplored in mainline journals, perhaps because they have been considered marginal to the land, too underdeveloped, too specialised or of little importance in the local economy. The relatively recent emphasis on marine spatial planning and the development of offshore power generation has drawn attention to the importance of rights to marine areas. There exist natural tensions between activities that rely on the relatively permanent occupation of marine space (e.g. aquaculture) and those that require that same space for transitional periods of times, perhaps fleetingly, as space 'to move through' (e.g. fishing). Different methods of resolving these tensions can produce significant inequities, but less acknowledged is the potential for significant disruption of local economies caught in the contortions of transitions from one legislative regime to another. A recent aquaculture case in New Zealand serves as the basis for an analysis of issues of locality in decision-making when an existing rights holder seeks to renew those rights at a time of transition between one regime and another.


Mechanisms to explain angina in patients with normal coronary arteries have often invoked ischaemia caused by an obscure metabolic defect or obstruction in a microscopic vascular bed.' Recent reports of abnormal sensory mechanisms in such patients may explain some cases. On page 436 Fr0bert and coworkers describe somatosensory findings in patients with angina despite normal coronary angiograms.' In these patients oesophageal stimulation evoked a sensation like angina. Diminished evoked potentials were found in response to electrical stimulation of the oesophagus. Somatosensory thresholds to repetitive electrical oesophageal stimuli were raised although thresholds for stimulation of the skin were normal. These results suggest altered processing of visceral nociceptive signals in patients who have angina despite normal coronary angiograms. Prolonged changes in thalamic metabolism were found following angina3 in positron emission tomographic studies. Therefore, altered somatosensory function in patients with angina despite normal coronary angiograms may result from altered thalamic function. Recent studies of human thalamic physiology suggest a model which is consistent with a thalamic mechanism for some cases of angina with normal coronary angiograms.