The effects of ÌÌ-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and Õ1-6 PUFAs on the development of experimentally induced colon carcinoma metastasis in rat liver were investigated quantitatively in vivo. Rats were kept on either a low-fat diet or on a fish oil (Õ1-3PUFAs) or safflower oil (Õ1-6PUFAs) diet for 3 weeks before the administration of colon cancer cells to the portal vein, until they were sacrificed at 1 or 3 weeks after tumor transplantation. At 1 week after transplantation, the fish oil diet had induced 7-fold more métastases(in terms of number and size) than had the low-fat diet, whereas the safflower oil diet had not affected the number and total volume of métastases. At 3 weeks after tumor transplantation, the fish oil diet and the safflower oil diet had induced, respectively, 10and 4-fold more métastases (num ber) and over 1000and 500-fold more métastases (size) than were found in the livers of rats on the low-fat diet. These differences were sex independent. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the im mune system in the liver (Kupffer cells, pit cells, T cells, newly re cruited macrophages, and the activation state of macrophages) did not play a significant role in this diet-dependent outgrowth of tumors. In conclusion, ÌÌ-3 and 11-6 PUFAs promote colon cancer metastasis in the liver without down-regulating the immune system. This finding has serious implications for the treatment of cancer patients with fish oil diet to fight cachexia.


Charged mesons were produced in oxygen gas in a cloud chamber bombarded by high-energy neutrons from a LiD target placed in the 340 Mev proton beam of the 184-inch, cyclotron. The postulated reactions producing the negative pions are:


The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare postoperative results after total hip arthroplasty in patients with dysplastic hips classified according to Crowe to type 3 or 4 and operated through the modified direct lateral approach with postoperative results in patients with Crowe type 1 or 2 operated through the standard direct lateral approach (Bauer or Hardinge). The modified approach is a variation of a direct lateral and Stracathro approach and it allows excellent anterior and posterior femoral exposure and provides a simple method of proximal femoral shortening and leg length equalization, all while preserving abductor muscle continuity. The study included 51 female patients (61 hips), consecutively operated by single surgeon between 2004 and 2007 because of secondary arthritis due to hip dysplasia. In all patients we used standard C2 femur and SPH-ST acetabular cup, additionally secured with 3 screws (Lima Lto, Udine, Italy). All patients with a minimum follow up of 12 months were invited for a final and independent clinical and radiological evaluation. Clinical evaluation included hip and knee range of motion, hip and knee strength (measured with Chatillon MSC, AMETEK), COOP WONCA, SF 36, Harris hip score, Oxford hip score, Womac hip score, Self-efficacy scale for falls and stability testing with balance platform (Phyaction balance, Uniphy). According to Crowe classification there were 16 type 1, 21 type 2, 13 type 3 and 11 type 4 patients. Preoperatively there was no difference between the 2 groups (between Crowe 1 or 2 and Crowe 3 or 4) regarding age (44y) and BMI (26.6 kg/m2), only difference was in hip dysplasia severity. Postoperatively there was no difference regarding HHS (89 pts), Womac (8.3), Oxford (36), SF36 Physical (48), SF36 Mental (48), Self efficacy scale (15), COOP WONCA (15), all tests in balance testing, in strength and range of motion of hip flexion (66N, 95°), hip abduction (89N, 25°) and hip external rotation (47N, 23°). Our results suggest that, even though patients with Crowe type 3 or 4 hip dysplasia have worse preoperative deformity with larger leg length discrepancy, postoperatively there is no difference between the 2 groups (modified approach improves expected outcome). Modified lateral approach allows simple extremity equalization, removes the necessity for trochanteric osteotomy and preserves abductor muscle continuity, thus improving overall outcome. Since, basically, it is an extension of standard Bauer or Hardinge approach, decision to use it could be taken intraoperatively in cases where ideal acetabular cup placement or exact leg length equalization could not be achieved.


ABSTRACT Team supervision of doctoral students adds new dimensions and complexities to relationships within the teams that impact functionality of the team. Trust emerged as a significant theme in recent qualitative research into the quality of team supervision of doctoral students. Trust was cited as a key component in successful team collaborations, and the missing component in dysfunctional teams. Definitions refer to trust as the belief of truthfulness, reliability or faith in another person's abilities. My hypothesis is that trust operates as a form of power in team supervision. It is a form of power that enables voice, resilience and creativity in teams. This article concludes that placing trust in others in supervisory teams is a deliberate decision by candidates and supervisors. It is a decision to engage in a team context despite known risks and may be understood as a gamble on the reliability of others in the expectation of reciprocity. By conceptualising trust as a form of power, strategies that engender and maintain trust may be utilised more intentionally.


Introduction: The aim of the present research was to conduct a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of play therapy studies on behavioral disorders in children. Method: The method of this study was meta-analysis. Twenty two studies from throughout Iran (1996 to 2012) including 637 participants were used in this meta-analysis. Data was analyzed using standardized mean difference effect size method for fixed effect model or Cohen's d (Cohen, 1988, Hooman, 2008). All statistical operations were accomplished by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, Version 2.0 (Borenstein, Hedges, Higgins & Rothestein, 2005, translated by Delavar & Ganji, 2012). Results: Results showed that the mean of mixed-model of effect size was 0/434 for the fixed effect model and 0/477 for the random effect model that both of them were significant in 0/001 level. In view of the fact that the effect sizes were heterogeneous, searches were done for moderator variables. Results showed that there wasn't any significant difference between the effect sizes of studies, regarding the research design and gender of participants. The differences between the effect sizes of studies about the effectiveness of play therapy studies on behavioral disorders in children, regarding the age of participants and number of play therapy sessions were significant. Conclusion: It can be concluded that carrying out play therapies in many sessions and in lower ages could decrease behavioral disorder symptoms in children.


Abstract Eaton KR, Tardy KA. 2022. Anadromy efficacy of native kokanee in Alturas Lake, Idaho. Lake Reserv Manage. 38:197–208. Partial migration is a complex process that can have profound impacts on ecosystems and populations. Oncorhynchus nerka ecotypes in the Sawtooth Valley include migratory and resident populations, with each exhibiting partial migration. Kokanee can exhibit anadromous behavior and therefore are valuable for O. nerka recovery. In the Sawtooth Valley, Alturas Lake supports a native kokanee population for which the ability to produce outmigrants could influence conservation decisions. In this study, we used contemporary genetic tools to identify the life history origin of Alturas Lake O. nerka outmigrants. Additionally we use population and survival estimates to determine the extent and success of any present kokanee migration. We found that in Alturas Lake, all juvenile outmigrants are progeny of native kokanee. We also found that increased population abundance is related to a higher number of outmigrants. Furthermore, juvenile survival estimates of Alturas kokanee outmigrants were similar to juvenile Redfish Lake sockeye salmon survival estimates. These similar survival estimates and return of anadromous kokanee adults throughout program history indicate that the Alturas Lake kokanee population is successful in exhibiting anadromous behavior. While kokanee are not a focus for O. nerka recovery, this study shows the importance of partial migration in a native kokanee population in preserving the anadromous life history strategy. Our results highlight that in locations with no sockeye salmon population, like Alturas Lake, native kokanee populations are vital to O. nerka recovery and should be monitored and protected accordingly. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2022.2026541.


Subcutaneous implantation of the transplantable pituitary tumor MtT-F4, which secretes large amounts of prolactin, growth hormone, and ACTH, produces hyperlipidemia in less than 30 days in the Fisher 344 rat. Further characterization of this new experimental model of endogenous hyperlipidemia showed that, at the 35th day after implantation, the hypertriglyceridemia may begin to subside while the elevation of plasma cholesterol progresses. At this time, acetate incorporation by liver slices into cholesterol is increased 27-fold while incorporation into fatty acids is 9 times as high as in sham-operated rats. Three drugs, probucol, hydroxymethylglutaric acid, and clofibrate, capable of lowering plasma cholesterol in these animals, also reduced the tumor-induced effect on cholesterol synthesis by about 60%. Only the latter two drugs, however, suppressed fatty acid synthesis to a similar extent. These experiments suggest that enhanced hepatic synthesis of cholesterol is in part responsible for the tumor-induc...


Heterocyclic derivatives exhibit broad pharmacological properties and numerous drugs are used clinically having main heterocyclic frame. They are remarkable category of compounds for new drug development. The trio-component combination of mannich bases, by the reaction between benzimidazole and Schiff bases and their physiological evaluation declare them as most promising anti-bacterial, anthelmintic, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-viral agents. The Schiff base system also seems to reveal prominent catalytic activity in countless reactions and in the emergence of moisture. The coordination chemistry involving Schiff base system has also gain attention in current scenario because of its marvelous effect on analytical, biochemical industry. Mannich bases contain aminoalkyl chain hence they are also called as aminoalkylation reactions. The pharmacological action of mannich bases is designated to β -unsaturated carbonyl group that can also be created by de-amination of hydrogen atom of the amine group. Synthetic utility of mannich base is known from recent times as they are used ligands for multiple receptors also in manufacture of leather and in industry of petroleum. The review on the whole narrates the literature survey that has revealed the mannichand schiff base as efficient biologically active molecules. New derivatives of schiff and mannich bases of benzimidazole accompanied by their patents have been studied in this review.


This paper reviews the adaption to heat and drought stresses in Phaseolus vulgaris, a grain and vegetable crop widely grown in both the Old and New World. Substantial genotypic differences are found in morphophysiological characteristics such as phenology, partitioning, plant-water relations, photosynthetic parameters, and shoot growth, which are related to reproductive responses. The associations between (a) days to podding and leaf water content and (b) the number of pods per plant and seed yield are consistent across different environments and experiments. Leaf water content is maintained by reductions in leaf water potential and shoot extension in response to heat and drought stress. Heat-tolerant cultivars have higher biomass allocation to pods and higher pod set in branches. These traits can be used as a marker to screen germplasm for heat and drought tolerance. In this paper, we briefly review the results of our studies carried out on heat and drought tolerance in the common bean at the Tropical Agriculture Research Front, Ishigaki, Japan.


Today, with the development of the Internet, combining big data with ideological and political education in colleges and universities, building an education system through artificial intelligence technology is an indispensable link. The Agent-based intelligent teaching system is an interactive intelligent teaching system for higher education students. The Agent technology, expert system and.NET technology used in the intelligent system can make the education system more intelligent and closer to teaching practice. Starting from the current development status of the ideological and political education system, this article elaborates on the technology used in the education system, and finally builds an ideological and political education platform, hoping to bring certain reference value to the development and application of the ideological and political education system in colleges and universities.


1. Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States. 2. Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom 3. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States 4. X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States. 5. Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E6BT, United Kingdom ǁ denotes authors contributed equally to the work *Corresponding author


In the official scoring, conducted by NIST, BBN's HARC system 3. produced a weighted SLS score of 43.7 on all 687 evaluable utterances in the test set. This was the lowest error achieved by any of the 7 systems evaluated. 4. For the SPREC evaluation BBN's BYBLOS system achieved a word error rate of 6.2% on the same 687 utterances and 9.4% on the entire test set of 971 utterances. These results were significantly better than any other speech system evaluated.


Whitfield, C. J. and Reid, C. 2013. Predicting surface area of coarse-textured soils: Implications for weathering rates. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 621–630. The surface area of soil is an important determinant of mineral weathering rates, but is infrequently measured. Simple texture-based pedotransfer functions (PTFs) have been used to predict the specific surface area (SSA) of coarse-textured soils. Detailed physicochemical properties of 40 upland forest mineral soils from northeastern Alberta were used to evaluate three texture-based PTFs and to calculate weathering rates using a process-oriented soil–chemical model. Evaluation of the PTFs demonstrated that these equations predict only across a limited range of (low) surface areas. Moreover, the fit between predicted and measured SSA was generally poor for soils in this region of Alberta. Improved prediction of SSA was possible using a texture-based PTF calibrated for the region, although differences between measured and predicted values were often large. Mi...


The contribution to the interaction free energy of a pair of substitutional impurities in a ferromagnet due to the distortion of the spin-wave spectrum is evaluated by second-order perturbation theory. It is shown that the leading term in this interaction at low temperatures is attractive and leads to a short range force whose form can be evaluated analytically for large distance of separation between the impurities. This interaction vanishes at absolute zero of temperature.


The research aims to optimize the rehabilitation works of steel buried pipes after their lifespan is reached. It is based on objective real situations met in the Romanian agricultural irrigation system. The study proposes an analytical approach to predict the behavior of the rehabilitated pipelines initially subjected to various corrosion rates, from low to high agressivity of the environment. Besides traditional lining with reinforced concrete, a new trend given by the relative modern structural repair mortars is considered. The time behavior of the shotcrete lining is estimated based on information given by the appropriate European norm. The results question the design philosophy, still not clarified in the field, and emphasize the superior performance of modern cementitious materials, both in terms of technical performance and economical efficiency. Future research perspectives are also underlined with regard to the new materials meeting sprayed concrete technology requirements, and design philosophy.


The rejected fraction of plastics from different sorting plants has been studied in terms of composition, processability and enhancement potential. This waste stream consists of a coarse range of plastics families, polyethylene constituting the most abundant one. Blends with two recycled polyethylenes in different proportions were analyzed. The results showed that the mixed fraction was easy to process although it showed a brittle behavior. The addition of recycled polyethylene caused limited ductility improvements, although acceptable levels were achieved in certain mixing ratios. This work demonstrates that mixed plastic wastes can be transformed into a useful material.


During reforming deeply,improving the developments and keeping stable,information work of road government kit plays a greater and greater role in decisions by all levels of cadres.With the development of the situation,information work of road government kit is required to be widen in the field,deepened in the contents.And it also needs to advance gradation and innovate the developments to become freely flowing from upper to lower,harmonizing in both sides,optimizing in the whole and balancing in the system in the new pattern information work of government kit which can meet the need of the development and cadres' decision continuously.


Few studies investigated the determinants of audit report lag in Egypt. This study extends the prior studies by examining the influence of ―auditrelated factors‖, namely audit firm industry specialization, audit tenure, audit fees and joint audit on audit report lag for the Egyptian listed non-financial companies covering the period 20112013. The results indicate that on average, the sampled companies consume 77 days from the end of balance sheet date to the signed audit report date. In addition, by running Ordinary Least Sq-uare (OLS) regression analysis, the fin-dings reveal that, while company size, leverage and qualified auditor report associate positively to a report lag, audit fees, joint audit, audit firm industry specialization, managerial ownership and government ownership associate negatively. Based on the limited literature addressed auditor-related factors in the Egyptian environment, the current study would hold a contribution in terms of investigating the impact of such factors on audit report lag in focused companies.


Novel series of 5-benzyloxymethyl-3-(thiophen-5-yl)-1,2-isoxazoline derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their herbicidal activities to diverse weeds were tested under flooded paddy conditions in a greenhouse. Among them, some compounds (3d-f) showed good activities to dominant weeds such as Echinocloa orizycola and Monochoria vaginalis presl. at a rate of 0.063 kg/ha without the serious injury toward rice.


Clogan, Paul Maurice, ed. Medievalia et Humanistica: Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Culture. Byzantine and Western Studies, n.s., no. 12. Totowa, N. J.: Rowman and Allenheld, 1984. Rady, Martyn C. Medieval Buda: A Study of Municipal Government and Jurisdiction in the Kingdom of Hungary. Boulder, Colo.: East European Monographs, 1984. Soulis, George Christos. The Serbs and Byzantium During the Reign of Tsar Stephen DuSan (1331-1355) and His Successors. Washington, D. C : Dumbarton Oaks, 1984.


Abstract This study is to present the rationale and empirical evidence on the individual and the organizational of effectiveness of outplacement consulting was to contribute to the transition and spread awareness about the outplacement consulting. As the result, this awareness of usefulness of the outplacement consulting has positive impact on employability and employability is confirmed that it has positive impact on job performance and enhancing organizational trust. Furthermore, the employment possibilities were found to mediate the relationship between awareness of usefulness of the outplacement consulting and organizational trust and job performance. These results reveals that the outplacement consulting contributes to improve job skills of the organization, which is the result of verifying that leads to organizational performance. Based on these results, I propose transfering awareness and spreading about the outplacement consulting. Key Words : Outplacement Consulting, Employability, Organization Trust, Job Performance, Improve job skills


Knowledge of internal anatomy of tooth plays an important role in successful endodontic treatment. One of the most common reasons for failures in such a treatment is insufficient knowledge of internal anatomy of teeth, which can cause errors in diagnosis and treatment plan. For a successful endodontic treatment, it is not only important to know the normal anatomy of tooth's interior but one must also know the its possible different morphologic variation. It is important to be familiar with variations in tooth anatomy and characteristic features in various racial groups as such knowledge can aid location, negotiation and management of canals.


It is surprising and alarming to see how quickly and unimpededly the combination of the peace movement and the Polish crisis has caused nationalism to flare up in Europe. The Left has been no exception. On the contrary, it seems to feel called on to set the pace for the permissible extent of ethnocentric and particularistic patterns of argument. Never since the origin of the New Left has there been so little communication and discussion, so little transnational contact. The Left, too, has — who could have foreseen this a few years ago? — become nationalized. Examples of this lack of communication are the interview with André Gorz and Rudolf Bahro's reply.


Carbon based nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets have attracted the attention of researchers due to their outstanding extraordinary properties. In this article, we have presented the researches on the application of carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets in Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials at Materials and Energy Research Center. We have used different modification strategies based on its application for improving the obtained properties in various fields including ammonia gas sensors, supercapacitors, fuel cells, drug delivery systems, and corrosion resistant coatings in order to achieve superior properties in each field


Nowadays hotel buildings have formed a new trend.In addition to ideas and business standards in adapting to the new requirements of customers,the general quality of hotel buildings is improving gradually.Hotel buildings are becoming special public space,and social activity venues with variety of services and recreational facilities of festival party,conference,business discussion,catering,shopping and fitness.The author puts forward his views and opinions in terms of hotel's usage properties,usage characteristics,and economic benefit according to his actual work experiences.


Background Constipation is a common problem among older people. This study aimed to explore how older patients experience constipation and which strategies they used in handling the condition before and during hospitalization. Methods A qualitative exploratory research design was used. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients (61–91 years of age) during hospitalization. Data were analyzed by using content analysis. Results Themes concerning experiences were Bodily signs and symptoms of constipation; the participants described severe pain during constipation, as well as pronounced relief after bowel movements, Impact on well-being and social activities; being constipated negatively impacted their mood and limited social activities, Striving for bowel balance; the participants experienced an ongoing strive for balancing between constipation and diarrhea. Themes related to strategies were Struggling to find a solution; they were aware of different strategies to prevent and treat constipation, though the most common solution described was the use of laxatives, Wait and see; the participants were awaiting to take action until they experienced constipation symptoms, Constipation is a private problem being challenged during hospitalization; constipation was considered a private issue rarely discussed with health-care professionals. Conclusion This study illuminates the need for health-care professionals to be attentive to this issue and initiate the conversation with patients in order to advise on the management of constipation.


Purpose. The purpose of the article is the regulation of relations on the principles of civil law. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and a synthesis of available scientific and theoretical information. It is includes the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. Such methods of scientific knowledge were used: terminological, functional, systemic-structural, logical-normative. Results: it was determined, that principles of civil law – an ideas of the civil law, that characterized by systematic,versatile, more stable, more regylated. Originality. An article is the special reseach that explores the problems of civil law in Ukraine. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in legislation and law-enforcement activities.


The continual need to reduce oil production costs has led Mobil North Sea Limited (MNSL) and TR Oil Services Limited (TROS) to develop a new strategy for maximising the efficiency of scale squeeze treatments on the Beryl Field. The strategy combines the advantages of enhanced precipitation scale inhibitors with a squeeze performance enhancer. The development and use of innovative chemical technologies such as these, has provided the industry with an important new route to achieving cost reduction goals. The enhanced precipitation scale inhibitor in use on Beryl has been reformulated to provide optimum performance over an eight-hour shut-in period. Core flood studies have shown that the lifetime achieved through use of the optimised product is, in fact, longer than that seen with the original scale inhibitor, which utilised an eighteen-hour shut-in period. The ten-hour reduction of the soak time has meant that production down time during squeeze treatments has been dramatically reduced. The scale squeeze enhancer has been developed in conjunction with BP Chemicals and BP Exploration to promote the retention of scale inhibitor during a squeeze treatment. Experimental work has indicated that application of the squeeze enhancer in conjunction with the reformulated inhibitor package will result in significantly longer squeeze lifetimes than those previously seen on Beryl. Following the laboratory work, several field trials in the Beryl Field have been performed. The correct deployment of the enhancer with the precipitation squeeze inhibitor has resulted in a significant reduction in the re-treatment interval and well clean up times leading to significant cost savings.


Ecological stoichiometry is the study of the balance of multiple chemical elements in ecological interactions. Terrestrial plants exhibit inter- and intra-specific differences in leaf C:N:P stoichiometry that has been used to study plant competition and succession, nutrient use efficien- cy, N and P nutrient limitation. However, little is known about leaf C:N ratio, N:P ratio in the Loess Plateau, particularly the pattern of leaf C:N:P stoi- chiometry during the secondary succession. Thus, leaf stoichiometric traits and specific leaf area (SLA) of dominant species at different secondary successional stages in the Loess Plateau were mea- sured. The study was conducted at the Lianjiabian forest region of the Loess Plateau (35.03°-36.37°N and 108.10°-109.08°E), Gansu, China. Leaf C:N:P stoichiometry and specific leaf area of 18 dominant species (herb) community stage (Stipa bungeana Trin, Bothriochloa ischaemun (Linn.) Keng, Carex lanceolata Boott, Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb, Pul- satilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel, Potentilla chinensis Ser), shrub community stage (Sophora viciifolia Hance, Hippophae rhamnoides (Linn.), Ostryopsis davidiana Decne, Rubus palmatus Thunb, Rosa xanthina Lindl, Acer ginnala Maxim, Spiraea pube- scens Turcz, Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa), early for- est community stage (Populus davidiana Dode, Bet- ula platyphylla Suk, Platycladus orientalis (Linn.) Franco), climax forest community stage (Quercus liaotungensis Koidz)) at four secondary succession- al stages were determined in the Loess Plateau in early June of 2006. The herb and shrub community stage had higher SLA than that in the early forest commu- nity stage and climax forest community stage. The Leaf C, N, C:N ratio and N:P ratio at different secondary successional stages were significantly different (P <0.05), but the leaf P didn't differ. The N:P ratio of herb community stage were sig- nificant difference from those of the others stages (shrub community stage, early forest community stage and climax forest community stage), but there were not significant difference among the shrub community stage, early forest community stage and climax forest community stage. N:P ratio shifts of the species were consistent along the successional sere, although the N:P ratio of the different species at a successional stage varied considerably. On community level, the lowest N:P ratio (9.8) was found in herb community stage in the secondary succession, the N:P ratio increased to 12.9 in shrub community stage, declined to 12.4 in early forest community stage, and increased in climax forest community stage (e.g. 12.6 in the Quercus liaotungensis Koidz community). The results suggest that the vegetation productivity of the Loess Plateau was N-limited at each secondary successional stage.


The objectives of this study are to evaluate the cost and energy use impacts on the petroleum refining industry of various alternative highway vehicle engine developments. This report presents premises. methodology and results of this study. Results from this study clearly indicate that future shifts in the US automotive fuels market--specifically shifts away from gasoline demand and toward alternative fuels--holds the potential for large-scale savings in future costs for manufacturing highway fuels. The study started with a projection of refinery costs which would attend a continuation to the year 2000 of today's gasoline-oriented engine technology. Results from this baseline were compared with results from various cases, which included development and introduction of new engine technology during the same time frame. Alternative fuels considered in the demand shift cases were: (1) diesel fuel, which carries no requirement for octane quality, and; (2) broadcut fuel, which carries neither octane or cetane quality requirements. Comparisons for the year 2000 show that the greatest impact on refining costs would stem from a reduced requirement for raw materials due to an improvement in the miles-per-gallon efficiency assumed for future autos. The second most significant impact stems from a reduced requirement for investment in refinery processingmore » facilities. Third most important, but still a significant factor, is the saving which would accrue specifically from the shift to manufacture of alternative fuels--namely a reduction in energy requirements as a result of lower severity in refinery processing. 14 figures, 171 tables.« less


Pertamina/IIAPCO operates a large offshore production complex in the Southeast Sumatra Contract Area of Indonesia. The use of submersible centrifugal electric pumps both for artificial lift and for pipeline transfer of produced fluids has played an important role in the success enjoyed by this contract area during its 10-year producing life. This paper describes the conditions and considerations contributing to the initial selection and eventual standardized use of these pumps by the company. Also included are a discussion of operational experience gained and a summary of the submersible pumps' performance record.


Hansen, J. D., and J. Reich. 2015. Democratizing education? Examining access and usage patterns in massive open online courses. Science 350 (6265):1245–8. doi:10.1126/ science.aab3782. Kreitmair, K. V., and D. C. Magnus. 2019. Citizen science and gamification. The Hastings Center Report 49 (2):40–6. doi:10.1002/hast.992. Lambert, S. R. 2020. Do MOOCs contribute to student equity and social inclusion? A systematic review 2014–18. Computers & Education 145:103693. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103693. Meaney, M. J. 2019. "The future of social mobility? MOOCs and hegenomic design bias," February, 12. Pavarini, G., R. McMillan, A. Robinson, and I. Singh. 2021. Design bioethics: A theoretical framework and argument for innovation in bioethics research. The American Journal of Bioethics 21 (6):37–50. doi:10.1080/15265161.2020.1863508. Popejoy, A. B., and S. M. Fullerton. 2016. Genomics is failing on diversity. Nature News 538 (7624):161–4. doi:10. 1038/538161a. Ramsetty, A., and C. Adams. 2020. Impact of the digital divide in the age of COVID-19. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 27 (7):1147–8. doi:10. 1093/jamia/ocaa078. Semuels, A. 2018. "The internet is enabling a new kind of poorly paid hell." The Atlantic. January 23, 2018. https:// www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2018/01/amazonmechanical-turk/551192/. Torous, J., J. Rodriguez, and, and A. Powell. 2017. The new digital divide for digital biomarkers. Digital Biomarkers 1 (1):87–91. doi:10.1159/000477382. Weidmann, N. B., S. Benitez-Baleato, P. Hunziker, E. Glatz, and X. Dimitropoulos. 2016. Digital discrimination: Political bias in internet service provision across ethnic groups. Science 353 (6304):1151–5. doi:10.1126/science. aaf5062.


ABSTRACT This study sought to investigate the relationship between diversification, financial well-being (FWB), quality of life (QoL), and mental health, and to see how FWB mediates this relationship, considering a sample of 1,047 Brazilian investors registered with the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (Comissão de Valores Mobiliários [CVM]). In the national and international literature, no studies were found that sought to identify the mediating role of FWB between diversification, QoL, and mental health, as proposed in this study. This research may help brokers and financial institutions, allowing a new look at the profile of investors and their portfolios. It also widens the perspectives on studies of personal finance and mental health in Brazil and around the world. Mediation was conducted through structural equation modeling estimated by robust diagonally weighted least squares (RDWLS). 'Asset classes' was adopted as a proxy for diversification. For QoL, the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-100) scale was adopted, while the Beck inventories were used to measure mental health (depression and anxiety). For FWB, the measure of the Brazilian Credit Protection Service (Serviço de Proteção ao Crédito [SPC Brasil]) was used. The results showed a strong relationship between the FWB mediation between the diversification degree (asset classes) and the QoL and mental health scales (anxiety and depression). It was found that the diversification level is related to increased levels of anxiety and depression and decreased QoL in the short term, but when mediated by FWB, it decreases the anxiety and depression levels and increases QoL.


Olaquindox (OLA), mequindox (MEQ), and quincetone (QCT) are widely used synthetic antibiotics of the quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide family. However, no studies have focused on the detection of sum of OLA, MEQ, and QCT by mAb-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this study, a specific mAb 2F3 against OLA, MEQ, and QCT was successfully prepared. Furthermore, using the mAb 2F3, an indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA) was developed using MQCA (quinoxaline marker) coupled to OVA as the heterologous coating antigen. Under optimized assay conditions, the IC50 values were 1.03, 1.54, and 1.73 ng ml−1 for OLA, MEQ, and QCT, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 82.1% to 96.3%, and no cross-reactivity with other compounds was detected except for carbadox (0.9%). The developed icELISA was rapid and reliable for the determination of sum of OLA, MEQ, and QCT in fish feed.


approved: Thinh P. Nguyen In this work, we study network coding technique, its relation to random matrices, and their applications to communication systems. The dissertation consists of three main contributions. First, we propose efficient algorithms for data synchronization via a broadcast channel using random network coding. Second, we study the resiliency of network coding based large distributed systems via characterization of minimum rank recovery of random matrices over finite field. Third, we propose a novel Location Assisted Coding technique to manage interference and increase capacity in Free Space Communication (FSO) systems. In the data synchronization problem, we assume there is a sender who broadcasts a set of packets to a number of receivers. Each receiver is assumed to have a random partial set of the desired packets. The goal is to devise network coding algorithms to minimize the number of packets transmitted by the sender until all the receivers successfully receive the entire set of packets. We establish probabilistic bounds and asymptotic results on the minimum number of transmitted packets for three randomized algorithms. In the minimum rank decoding problem, the goal is to recover the network coded packets from a malicious attacker who randomly corrupts the header of the packets with limited magnitude errors. We cast this problem as the problem of rank recovery of random matrices over finite field in presence of noise. We present some initial asymptotic results on joint distribution of weight and rank of random matrices for simple models which are useful for the rank recovery problem. We show that limited magnitude noise is likely not to decrease the rank of low-rank matrices with uniformly distributed weights. Finally, we show that the proposed LAC technique can increase throughput and reduce interference for multiple users in a dense array of FSO femtocells. Our theoretical analysis and numerical experiments show orders of magnitude increase in throughput using LAC over traditional approaches.


Cs‐graphite reservoirs have been utilized in many operating thermionic converters and TFEs, in both in‐core and out‐of‐core tests. The vapor pressure of cesium over Cs‐intercalated graphite is well documented for unirradiated reservoirs. The vapor pressure after irradiation is the subject of on‐going study. Dimensional changes due to both intercalation and to neutron irradiation have been quantified only for highly oriented graphite. This paper describes extrapolation of the data for intercalated oriented graphite, to provide a qualitative description of the response of isotropic graphite to exposure to both cesium and neutrons.


Sustainable tourism development (STD) has recently become a tourism management guideline. STD meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future. It is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems (World Tourism Organization, 2004, Concepts & Definitions: Sustainable Development of Tourism Conceptual Definition. Retrieved 12 August 2004 from http://www.world-tourism.org/frameset/frame_sustainable.html). The purpose of this study is to propose an evaluation procedure of STD and illustrate how it can be applied empirically to a specific destination. Green Island in Taiwan, which lies in the Pacific Ocean, was selected to act as our empirical case due to its rich resources but threatened sustainability. First, we collected indicators of STD from the literature about small islands. Second, the Delphi technique was used to refine and identify the final indicators for STD evaluation according to the characteristics of our study case. Third, we calculated the criteria weights by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process after constructing the evaluation criteria hierarchy. Finally, the measurement of performance corresponding to each criterion was conducted under the setting of fuzzy set theory. The results illustrate that our empirical case still needs more work in order to achieve its goal of sustainable tourism development. We also provide some managerial implications for the stakeholders such as tourism authorities, tourism businesses, local communities and academics.


With internet has gradually become an important tool in the youth's lives,study,entertainments and communication,it increasingly impacts on these young people.Through a survey with questionnaire,the impact of internet on psychology of the juveniles derives from addiction,violence,eroticism from internet and making wrong friends.Since internet unfavorable influence leads some juveniles to committing crimes,the fact deserves special attention of families,schools and the whole society and takes corresponding measures to guide the young to make use of the useful tool—— internet in a proper way hence create a favorable internet environment for the healthy growth of the young people.


Let R be a commutative ring with identity. For a, b ∈ R, define a and b to be associates, denoted a ∼ b, if a | b and b | a, so a = rb and b = sa for some r, s ∈ R. We are interested in the case where r and s can be taken or must be taken to be non zero-divisors or units. We study rings, R, called strongly regular associate, that have the property that, whenever a ∼ b for a, b ∈ R, then there exist non zero-divisors r, s ∈ R with a = rb and b = sa and rings R, called weakly présimplifiable, that have the property that, for nonzero a, b ∈ R with a ∼ b, whenever a = rb and b = sa, then r and s must be non zero-divisors. Let R be a commutative ring with identity, and let a, b ∈ R. Then a and b are said to be associates, denoted a ∼ b, if a | b and b | a, or equivalently, if Ra = Rb. Thus, if a ∼ b, there exist r, s ∈ R with ra = b and sb = a, and hence a = sra. So, if a is a regular element (i.e., non zero-divisor), sr = 1, and hence r and s are units. Hence, if a and b are regular elements of a commutative ring R with a ∼ b, then a = ub for some u ∈ U(R), the group of units of R. For a, b ∈ R, let us write a ≈ b if a = ub for some u ∈ U(R). Of course, a ≈ b implies a ∼ b for elements a and b of any commutative ring R and for an integral domain the converse is true. In [9], Kaplansky raised the question of when a commutative ring R satisfies the property that, for all a, b ∈ R, a ∼ b implies a ≈ b. He remarked that Artinian rings, principal ideal rings and rings with Z(R) ⊆ J(R) satisfy this property. (Here Z(R) and J(R) denote the set of zero-divisors and Jacobson radical of a ring R, respectively.) But he gave two examples of commutative rings that fail to satisfy this property. Let us recall these two examples and give a third example. (1) Let R = C([0, 3]) be the ring of continuous functions on [0, 3]. Define a(t), b(t) ∈ R by a(t) = b(t) = 1 − t on [0, 1], 2010 AMS Mathematics subject classification. Primary 13A05, 13A15, 13F99. The second author is the corresponding author. Received by the editors on June 10, 2011 and in revised form on January 13, 2012. DOI:10.1216/RMJ-2014-44-3-717 Copyright c ⃝2014 Rocky Mountain Mathematics Consortium


This article discusses a very controversial issue in Indian Fundamental Rights jurisprudence- the status of a corporation as a citizen under the Indian Constitution, and its consequent entitlement to the Rights enshrined therein. On an incisive and novel analysis of the Indian Constitutional framework and the judicial attention this question has received, the author blends concepts from corporate law into the purely Constitutional question, to make a case for the liberalisation of the existing legal position.


The devastating impact of chemical pesticides has prompted a shift towards sustainable agricultural pest management, such as biological control with natural enemies. In recent years, commercialization advancements have enabled the suppression of pest populations through augmentative releases of biological control agents, with natural enemies being a major tactic. China has successfully implemented natural-enemy-based biocontrol strategies, particularly for controlling aphids and lepidopterans. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art natural-enemy-based biocontrol against arthropod pests in tobacco in China, including practical achievements in mass-rearing methods, augmentative release strategies, and the wide-scale use of natural enemies. Current and potential future challenges for natural-enemy-based biocontrol in China are also discussed.


Airbag system for a vehicle (4A) which is seated next to a in a vehicle seat (13) front passenger is arranged a side airbag when the side airbag (4A) is inflated, and determining means (18, 121, 131, 132) for determining a direction a child seat (12), when a child seat (12) on the vehicle seat (13) is fixed, and wherein a seat back of the on the vehicle seat (13) to be determined child seat (12) has a structure which contacts the inflated side air bag (4A) when the child seat (12) is set directed to the front of the vehicle, and which does not affect the inflated side air bag (4A), when the child seat (12) is set directed to the rear, characterized in that it comprises: a control means (11) for preventing the inflation of the side air bags (4A) when an output of the determining means (18, 121, 131, 132) indicating that the child seat (12) pointing to the rear of the vehicle and for permitting the inflation of the side air bags when the determining means (18, 121, 131, 132) determine that the ...


Summary 1. Varying degrees of shock can be produced in rats by subjecting them to various periods of trauma in Noble-Collip drums. The method appears to be suitable for use where graded and reproducible degrees of trauma are desired. 2. The percentages of survival were: for 5 minutes of tumbling, 100%; for 8 minutes, 65.6%; for 10 minutes, 71.4%; for 12 minutes, 47.2%; for 13 minutes, 9.5%; and for 15 minutes, 4.3%. 3. The Sprague-Dawley strain and a cancerresistant strain of rats were found to be less resistant to trauma of the Noble-Collip type than were rats used by other investigators. 4. Survival of previous hemorrhage did not increase resistance to Noble-Collip trauma, but appeared to decrease resistance to some extent. 5. Adrenal enucleation decreased the resistance of rats to Noble-Collip trauma although regeneration of cortical tissue had been sufficient to support normal growth and to maintain the rats in a healthy state. 6. Protection to the abdomen and taping of the paws gave only limited protection to the rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain subjected to Noble-Collip shock.


Object detection and tracking in football video is a very challenging task, and it has good practical and commercial value. The traditional method of extracting the target movement trajectory of football matches is often carried out by players carrying recording chips, which is expensive and difficult to popularize in amateur stadiums. There are also some studies that only use the camera to process the targets in the football video, but due to the similar appearance and frequent occlusion of the targets in the football video, these methods can only segment the players and the ball in the image, but cannot. Track it or only for a short period of time. We study active object tracking method for football game, where a tracker takes visual observations (i.e., frame sequences) as input and produces the corresponding camera control signals as output (e.g., turn up, turn left, etc.). Conventional methods tackle tracking and camera control tasks separately, and the resulting system is difficult to tune jointly. These methods also require significant human efforts for image labeling and expensive trial-and-error system tuning in the real world. To address these issues, we propose, in this paper, an end-to-end solution via deep reinforcement learning. By building a football game simulation scene in the simulator (Unreal Engine), the entire field can be covered by turning the camera in the simulation scene.


Aim To analyze landslip characteristic and its genesis of expansive soil,discuss the slip model and forming mechanism.Methods The analysis is based on the field work and the measure of rock quality,composition,expansibility,physical mechanic property of expensive soil.Results The landslip in Luojialiang resulted from a partial shallow slip developing recently from a large-scale palo-slip body,which is mainly composed of fulvous,brown,olivine clay,the fissure is filled or adsorbed with gray,mignonette clay.The clay mineral mainly consists of illite-montmorillonite mixed layer with montmorillonite.With the precipitation,living water permeation and groundwater effect,the mechanic strength of slipband decreased and the shape of slope changing lead to the remarkable slip-deformation zone characteristic of multiply-fissure,retrogressive,progressive,creep-slide.Conclusion On condition of the violation of balance caused by the water permeation and artificial slop,the slipping plane occurred in the interbed of strong expensive soil in the inclination body.


Although a glutamate-gated chloride conductance with the properties of a sodium-dependent glutamate transporter has been described in vertebrate retinal photoreceptors and bipolar cells, the molecular species underlying this conductance has not yet been identified. We now report the cloning and functional characterization of a human excitatory amino acid transporter, EAAT5, expressed primarily in retina. Although EAAT5 shares the structural homologies of the EAAT gene family, one novel feature of the EAAT5 sequence is a carboxy-terminal motif identified previously in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and potassium channels and shown to confer interactions with a family of synaptic proteins that promote ion channel clustering. Functional properties of EAAT5 were examined in the Xenopus oocyte expression system by measuring radiolabeled glutamate f lux and twoelectrode voltage clamp recording. EAAT5-mediated Lglutamate uptake is sodiumand voltage-dependent and chloride-independent. Transporter currents elicited by glutamate are also sodiumand voltage-dependent, but ion substitution experiments suggest that this current is largely carried by chloride ions. These properties of EAAT5 are similar to the glutamate-elicited chloride conductances previously described in retinal neurons, suggesting that the EAAT5associated chloride conductance may participate in visual processing. The uptake of glutamate and other excitatory amino acids is mediated by a gene family of high affinity sodium-dependent transporters that includes four known mammalian subtypes; in humans, we have termed these glutamate transporters excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) 1 through 4 (1, 2). The transport of glutamate is driven by the cotransport of sodium ions and the countertransport of potassium ions down their electrochemical gradients, and recent studies suggest that this complex process involves the cotransport of protons as well (3–6). Because there is net inward movement of positive charge with the transport of each molecule of glutamate, the transport process is readily studied in the Xenopus oocyte expression system by observing the associated current. In addition to these transport currents, however, we have found that application of substrate to the transporter also gates an uncoupled, passive flux of chloride ions (2, 7). The relative magnitude of this associated chloride conductance varies with each cloned EAAT subtype; for EAAT1–EAAT3, the magnitude of the chloride current at physiological membrane potentials is similar to that of the electrogenic cotransport current, but the currents generated by EAAT4 are almost entirely due to the flux of chloride ions. In vivo, a glutamatedependent current that has a transporter-like pharmacology is carried largely by chloride ions in retinal cone (8) and rod (9) photoreceptors and bipolar cells (10). In bipolar cells, this chloride current has been proposed to mediate the cone component of the ON bipolar cell light response (10). Although the properties of EAAT4 are similar to the glutamateelicited current in the retinal neurons, EAAT4 is almost exclusively expressed in cerebellum (2) and therefore was unlikely to account for the retinal activity. To gain insight into the molecular basis of glutamate transporter physiology in the retina, we are currently characterizing EAAT subtypes expressed in a well described model system, the salamander retina. One of the glutamate transporters isolated from this tissue is associated with a large chloride conductance when expressed in Xenopus oocytes and exhibits a pharmacology similar to that previously reported in the retinal cells (unpublished work). We have isolated the human homolog of this gene by screening a human retinal cDNA library with the salamander cDNA. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a human retinal glutamate transporter subtype, EAAT5. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Molecular Cloning and Sequencing. A glutamate transporter cDNA isolated from salamander retina (unpublished work) was used to screen a human retinal lgt10 cDNA library [provided by J. Nathans (11)] under conditions of reduced stringency. Plaque filter lifts prepared as per the manufacturer's instructions (GeneScreen; New England Nuclear) were hybridized overnight at 558C in 0.5 M Na2HPO4, pH 7.15/7% SDS/1 mM EDTA with the salamander cDNA probe coding sequence 32P-radiolabeled by random priming at 1 3 106 cpm/ml (Boehringer Mannheim). Filters were washed at 558C in 23 standard saline phosphate/EDTA (SSPE) (203 SSPE5 3 M NaCl/0.2 M NaH2PO4/0.02M Na2 EDTA, pH 7.4) and 1% SDS. The EcoRI inserts from purified phage clones were subcloned into pBluescript II SK (Stratagene) and characterized. The complete coding sequences of two clones were subsequently sequenced on both strands using doublestranded template, synthetic oligonucleotide primers, PRISM PCR-based sequencing reactions (Applied Biosystems), and an Applied Biosystems 373 Stretch DNA Sequencer. Sequence data analyses and comparisons were performed using MacVector (Kodak). The 2.9-kbp insert of one clone, termed ''pEAAT5,'' has '180 bp of 59 untranslated region containing two in-frame stop codons upstream of the Kozak consensus The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked ''advertisement'' in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Copyright q 1997 by THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USA 0027-8424y97y944155-6$2.00y0 PNAS is available online at http:yywww.pnas.org. Abbreviations: EAAT, excitatory amino acid transporter; SSPE, standard saline phosphate/EDTA; NMDG, N-methly D-glucamine; PSD95, postsynaptic density-95 protein; PDZ, a modular protein-binding motif; THA, threo b-hydroxyaspartate. tPDC, L-trans-pyrollidine-2,4dicarboxylic acid. Data deposition: The sequence reported in this paper has been deposited in the GenBank database (accession no. U76362). ‡To whom reprint requests should be addressed.


There has been extensive research for sensor fault reconstruction / estimation for Lipschitz nonlinear systems (LNS). This paper extends the existing theory to a recently introduced class of nonlinear systems called one-sided Lipschitz nonlinear systems (OLNS). One-sided Lipschitz nonlinear systems not only cover a wider class of nonlinear systems but also generate less conservative results compared to Lipschitz nonlinear systems. The proposed solution is presented in form of linear matrix inequalities which are easily tractable with standard algorithms. The proposed method is outlined by an illustrative example.


Any μ 2 -divergence is shown analytically to be absent for a class of actions for Overlap and Domain Wall Fermions with nonzero chemical potential. All such actions are, however, shown to violate the chiral invariance. While the parameter M of thes e actions can be shown to be irrelevant in the continuum limit, as expected, it is shown numerically that the continuum limit can be reached with relatively coarser lattices for 1.5 � M � 1.6.


Technological change often leads to competitive turbulence in established industries. Little is known about how the introduction of social media affects incumbent and entrant firms. This paper expl ...


A kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace of molybdenum has been proposed based on the molybdenum catalysed coloring reaction of nuclear fast red oxidized by potassium persulphate in the sodium borate-muriatic acid medium.The optimum conditions and kinetic parameters were investigated.The apparent activation energy of catalytic reaction was 119.64kJ/mol and the apparent reaction rate was 9.23×10-4 s-1.The linear range of molybdenum determination was 10-200μg/L and the detection limit was 5μg/L.The method has been used for the determination of trace molybdenum in gangues with relative standard deviation of 2.5%-2.9%and the recovery of 95.0%-113.3%.


Five kinds of vegetables from market were used as test materials. Borax and boiling water were adopted to make extract. After filtration by active carbon, the nitrate content in the fluid was directly determined by dual-wavelength UV-spectrophotometric method. The recovery was 102%-105% with RSD of 0. 46%-0. 97%. There was no significant difference compared with the GB method. The method has been applied to the rapid determination of nitrate content in large batch of vegetables.


This article analyses the change of the hydrological environment in the upper reaches of the Changjiang River, after the completing of the Sanxia Great Dam, and it points out the changes of environment which can be summarized as follows: flood quantity concentrates;the height of flood peak increase; the time of flood peak reduces The article also indicates that the situation of preventing flood is still very severe in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River, especially the river section from jianli county to Wuhan city and the major branch dykes of Dongtin Lake in the South Jingzhou district


OBJECTIVE
To investigate relationship between expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and proliferative potency of endothelium in hemangioma (HM).

METHODS
Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect expression of iNOS and Ki-67 protein in 49 cases of HM and 29 cases of vascular malformation (VM).

RESULTS
Expressive rate of iNOS and Ki-67 protein of 49 cases of HM was 38% and (10.98 +/- 7.93)%. Expressive rate of iNOS and Ki-67 protein of 29 cases of VM was respectively 3% and (0.03 +/- 0.19)%. The expressive rate of iNOS and Ki-67 protein of HM was significantly higher than that of VM (P = 0.001 and 0). The expressive rate of Ki-67 protein of HM of proliferative phase was (12.67 +/- 7.65)% , which was significantly higher than that of HM of extinctive phase, (7.27 +/- 7.49)% (P = 0.028).

CONCLUSIONS
Expression of iNOS and Ki-67 protein of HM is significantly higher than that of VM, and the proliferative potency of HM is significantly higher than that of VM.


Soil moisture physical properties of different Phyllostachys heterocycla mixed forest in Wuyi Mountain were studied.Result shows that: the size of soil bulk density of different Phyllostachys heterocycla mixed forest is:CK plotmixed forest of Phyllostachys heterocycla Cunninghamia lanceolatamixed forest of Phyllostachys heterocycla broadleaf tree bamboo pure forest;the size of total soil porosity is :bamboo pure forestmixed forest of Phyllostachys heterocycla broadleaf treemixed forest of Phyllostachys heterocycla Cunninghamia lanceolataCK plot;the size of maximum water holding capacity of the soil capillary water is : bamboo pure forestPhyllostachys heterocycla broadleaf tree mixed forest of Phyllostachys heterocycla Cunninghamia lanceolataCK plot;three items of water holding capacity is 1.04-1.19,1.06-1.14,1.09-1.14 times followed by CK values.Bamboo stand in the 0-60cm soil layer have the characteristics: relatively loose texture,increased porosity,good permeability;it is conducive to the transportation and storage of water suitable for root growth of bamboo whip.Therefore,bamboo stand should be managed scientifically reasonably;avoiding excessive disturbance can effectively improve the physical condition of the water stands promote bamboo yield.


Embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for providing services related to managing computer systems. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention provide for providing load testing services to remote computer systems. Generally speaking, such a service can allow a customer to capture and replay realistic workloads from production to test systems. The service can help the customer evaluate the impact of change on their system performance (e.g., upgrades, patches, application changes, schema changes, impact of adding more users, hardware changes, etc.) with a real-life workload captured from production and replayed on comparable test system restored to a captured "point in time." More specifically, the load testing service can setup and capture workloads from production systems and re-execute them with high fidelity on test copies of production databases which have the changes implemented.


We study a class of deterministic mean field games on finite and infinite time horizons arising in models of optimal exploitation of exhaustible resources. The main characteristic of our game is an absorption constraint on the players' state process. As a result of the state constraint the optimal time of absorption becomes part of the equilibrium. This requires a novel approach when applying Pontyagin's maximum principle. We prove the existence and uniqueness of equilibria and solve the infinite horizon models in closed form. As players may drop out of the game over time, equilibrium production rates need not be monotone nor smooth.


s," or short video segments reviewing the findings of Original Investigations and their potential impact. The creation of an Engagement Editor within the journal's infrastructure enables innovative ways to engage communities and amplify the patient voice. Lastly, we must keep sight of one of our most important goals, which is to draw attention to our field for the next generation. Be it clinical research, installments in the Core Curriculum feature, policy updates, or any of the other content in the journal, we must be thinking forward on how to maximize access to potential trainees. As was stated in an early piece on the blog, the internet is not static, nor shall we be. What lies ahead is not set in stone in such a dynamic medium and quickly changing time, but rest assured the AJKD team is continuing to work hard to deliver into the next decade!


The results of follow-up examinations of 635 gold cast and 359 metal ceramic veneer crowns inserted primarily for caries prophylaxis and static reasons in patients with partial dentures on the average 4 1/2 years ago are reported. All crowns fulfilled their caries-preventing functions well. More than 93% were free of secondary caries, this was especially so when the crown margin was still below the gingiva. The conditions at the crown margins were studied. It was found that margin seal, type of crown as well as interdependent variables like age, periodontal condition and personal oral hygiene had a significant influence on whether the crown margin was still in the gingival sulcus. Metal ceramic veneer crowns were vestibularly exposed more frequently than cast crowns. The reason for this was found to be defective construction. The study showed further that lesions at the baked veneer crown occurred more often than had been expected so far. It is estimated that they amount to 3% with widely used ceramic crowns.


Purpose: To assess the clinical efficacy of microblepharoexfolication using BlephExTM (Scope Ophthalmics, London, UK) in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) patients. Methods: We performed a prospective study involving 48 eyes of 24 patients who were diagnosed with MGD. All patients were treated with BlephExTM for 8-10 minutes, and the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer's I test, corneal staining score, lid margin abnormality, MGD score, and lipid thickness layer using the Lipiview II (TearScience, Morrisville, NC, USA) were assessed before treatment and after one month. Results: Significant changes were observed after microblepharoexfoliation using BlephExTM. The TBUT improved from 2.65 ± 1.16 to 3.77 ± 1.80 after 1 month (p < 0.001) and the OSDI improved from 38.83 ± 17.13 to 18.67 ± 15.01 after 1 month (p < 0.001). Before and after 1 month of treatment, the lid margin abnormalities were 2.98 ± 1.16 and 2.50 ± 1.01 (p < 0.001) and the MGD scores were 21.60 ± 6.95 and 18.02 ± 6.68 (p = 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: BlephExTM improved the patients' ocular surface symptoms, MGD score, and TBUT. Using steroid eye drops, there was a synergistic effect in improvement. Therefore, using BlephExTM may be suggested as a treatment option for MGD patients. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2020;61(6):603-609


The purpose of this study was to examine systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and perceived enjoyment responses to a repeated-sprint training session (RST) compared to a small-sided soccer game session (SSG) in untrained adolescents. Twelve healthy post-pubertal adolescent males (age 15.8±0.6 years, body mass 59.1±3.7 kg, height 1.7±0.1m) performed RST and SSG sessions in a randomized and counterbalanced order. Blood pressure and HR were measured at rest and at 10, 20 and 30 minutes after interventions, and RPE and enjoyment were assessed. RST and SSG elicited similar exercise HR (74.0% vs. 73.7% of HR peak during RST and SSG respectively, P>0.05). There was no significant change in SBP or DBP after the 2 interventions (all P>0.05, ES<0.5) with a trend to a decrease in SBP after SSG at 30 min after intervention (moderate effect, ES=0.6). Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a significant and large correlation between baseline BP values and magnitude of decline after both RST and SSG. Heart rate during recovery was higher compared with baseline at all times after both sessions (all P<0.05), with HR values significantly lower after SSG versus RST at 30 min after interventions (82.3±3.2 versus 92.4±3.2 beats/min, respectively, P=0.04). RPE was significantly lower (P=0.02, ES=1.1) after SSG than after RST, without significant differences in enjoyment. In conclusion, repeated sprint and small-sided games elicited similar exercise intensity without a significant difference in perceived enjoyment. Post-exercise hypotension after the two forms of training may depend on resting BP of subjects.


The number of elderly people in Korea is rapidly increasing to advance an aging society. Dementia causes many problems in the aging society but older people usually do not receive effective dementia prevention services because of their low economic power. For the elderly who are experiencing low dental clinic visits due to lack of economic power and education, various services have been developed through the web to help prevent oral healthcare and dementia of the elderly, and a web system has been developed to help oral healthcare and dementia of the elderly. This web system was developed based on the research result that if activating cognitive-behavioral function by strengthening chewing function and oral muscle function exercise of elderly people can prevent dementia or slow dementia progression and it is composed of content utilization module and oral healthcare diagnosis module. PHP 7.1.6, CSS, Notepad++, Bootstrap, Filezilla, and others were used to develop the web system. XAMPP 3.2.2, PHP 7.1.6, Apache2.4.25, and Mysqlnd 5.0.12 were used to build the server for the content service. In the long run, this development will reduce the social costs that government offices use to prevent dementia and to treat and maintain oral healthcare


A continuously variable transmission (18) changes the speed change ratio (gamma) so that the actual rotational speed (NIN) of the input shaft (36) coincides with a target rotational speed (NIN *) determined based on a target output (P *). A target output calculating part (156) calculates a first value associated with the target driving force (P1 *) based on both the importance of required acceleration (Acc) and the load of an auxiliary machine ( Aux), calculates a second value associated with the target driving force (P2 *) based on the required acceleration of importance without considering the load of auxiliary machinery and determines the second value associated with the driving force as the value associated to the driving force (P *) when the regular advancement of the vehicle. Even when the load auxiliary machine fluctuates during the regular progress of the vehicle, the target output does not fluctuate and prevention of the fluctuation of the speed of target output increases driving comfort during the regular movement of the vehicle .


Bartels gives some good examples of 'liberal' or 'left-wing' bias in introductory textbooks and suggests that one of the ways to ameliorate this is to adopt a more heterodox approach. This comment suggests that to achieve this very desirable end that psychologists need to look critically at the philosophical assumptions which influence their professional thinking. They must ask, 'What is our concept of a human being?' otherwise they will unthinkingly reflect the philosophical assumptions of victimhood culture that see human beings as diminished, vulnerable individuals.


The paper analyzes the current situation of laboratory technicians in the universities and colleges,and introduces the plan and effect of the post engaging in Beijing Normal University.


A novel feedback control technique, called periodic output feedback, is investigated in the context of infinite-dimensional linear systems modeled by neutral functional differential equations. It is shown that a class of these systems can be stabilized by periodic output feedback even though their input operations have pathological properties. A scalar neutral system example is considered.<<ETX>>


Usually dealing with the target in the emulation of the vulnerability of the target is converted to dealing with the destroy-tree,but the difficulty is that how to deal with the destroy-tree properly.This paper makes the use of the characteristics of the structure of XML-data,and efficiently deals with the describing,the reading and treating of the destroy-tree in the problem of the emulation of the vulnerability of the target.


Background Parkinson's disease is caused by dopaminergic neurodegeneration resulting in motor impairments as slow movement speed and impaired balance and coordination. Pulsed electromagnetic fields are suggested to have neuroprotective effects, and could alleviate symptoms. To study 1) effects of 8-week daily transcranial pulsed electromagnetic field treatment on functional rate of force development and movement speed during two motor tasks with different levels of complexity, 2) if treatment effects depend on motor performance at baseline. persons disease transcranial pulsed electromagnetic field bipolar 3 ms pulses, 50 Hz) placebo treatment with homebased rate of force development and of a sit-to-stand and a postural pre and post intervention. sub-grouped in and low-performers according their baseline motor performance level. Repeated measure ANOVAs


As we know today to store data is a big issue that's why we are shifting towards cloud computing which is very advanced technology. Besides this if we compress our data that means which can take less space as compared to original data. There are lots of techniques to compress data and in our research we will implement some of them. Basically compression is of two type lossy and lossless. Compressing an image is significantly different than compressing raw binary data. If we used general or outdated technique to compression images then result would be not optimal as it should be. This is because images have definitely statistical properties which can be triggered or exploited by encoders which are implemented or design for them. In image we have to give up some fine details for the sake of saving a little more bandwidth or storage space. So we can say that lossy compression technology. In this dissertation compression of digital images are done with the help of DCT. Several encoding technique have also been used together with DCT to improve the performance of compression. A computational analysis of picture quality is also made with respect to compression ratio and PSNR.


In recent years economic imperialism in reference to Africa is being re-evaluated, and it is now sufficiently clear from the emerging literature on the subject that very few serious scholars would rigidly apply the classical interpretation or interpret the partition of Africa only in economic terms. One of the most significant recent contributions on the subject which has stimulated much useful discussion and is provoking further research is A. G. Hopkins' article "Economic Imperialism in West Africa: Lagos, 1880–1892." He cites the case of Lagos in order to explore some neglected economic aspects of the partition of West Africa and deals with the economic aspects of the scramble for Africa. To Hopkins the critics of economic imperialism have tended to underrate all other economic motives.


Children will develop their parental languages correctly, since language learners come to obtain the one which they contact most in the community. At the same time, children would be affected by other languages, the influence of which is proportional to the population of those languages. In this paper, we revise the foregoing evolutionary theory of language, that is differential equations of the population dynamics. We propose that the transition rate in languages is sensitive to the distribution of population of each generation. In addition, we introduce the exposure probability that is the measure of influence from other languages. We show experimental results, in which we could observe the emergence of creole. Furthermore, we analysed which language would be dominant, dependent on the initial distribution of population, together with the exposure probability.


This paper is a part of a research project addressing the problems caused by the construction industry's apparent dependency on cost information. The paper sets a theoretical base for the project by investigating the dependencies between micro and macroeconomic levels from the perspective of the construction industry. The hypothesis is that factors defining commercial behaviour and impeding or facilitating implementation of lean commercial practices include macroeconomic environment and regulation, market agents, informal institutions, such as culture, and individual abilities of the management. Understanding the reasons of the traditional commercial behaviour will help to find a way of changing it for a better. The paper might be of interest to both the academics and practitioners looking to change commercial practice. The main finding constitutes an analysis of the nature of the dependence between companies and their environment.


Following a nationwide drought in 1982, the Australian government instituted the National Property Management Planning program to build skills in the rural community to better manage the farm business, including the need to manage change. In Victoria, the program is delivered through the Farm$mart project. Farm$mart is: learner centered; involves farm families; works with groups that stay together for some time; is led by facilitators dedicated to the project; focuses on the strategic part of the farm family business plan; uses existing providers to undertake skill training; develops effective communication and builds trust within families and groups; builds participant confidence to make hard decisions; and links with other learning experiences and outcomes. Managed by the Victorian Farmers Federation and the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Farm$mart is delivered on a regional basis and is assisted in each region by steering committees who represent the farming community and include people with skills in adult education and extension. The project consists of an introduction and three workshops. These workshops help farm families agree on a vision for their future and develop an understanding of the planning process; focus on learning and using tools to develop the business plan and on building trust among members; and allow farm families to experience the practical nature of business plans through six meetings per year on member properties and an annual review. (Contains 15 references.) (TD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.


Mathematical models for calculating the response of such a transmission exposed to external electromagnetic fields are described. Numerical calculations show that unshielded three-wire transmission lines can provide at least 40-dB isolation between the external electromagnetic field and terminal load voltage at the end of the line. The three-wire transmission line can be used to transmit digital and analog data between subsystems/equipment in a weapon system. It is a potential candidate to reduce cost in the design of interconnecting cables in weapon systems.<<ETX>>


Nyalau Formation is a shallow marine sandstone of Oligocene-Middle Miocene age which is well exposed around the Bintulu area, Sarawak. Understanding the reservoir properties which mainly include porosity, permeability and pore throat distribution is important for reservoirs to characterize them for successful exploration. In previous, porosity and permeability of Nyalau Formation was measured by imaging techniques like thin sections and there no work on effect of pore throat diameter on porosity and permeability for Nyalau Formation. This study presents the above mentioned properties of Nyalau Formation, which is proven reservoir in its equivalent cycles in offshore. In this paper, five facies of Nyalau Formation have been identified on the basis of lithology. Porosity and Permeability measurements were carried out by using Helium Porosimetry on core plugs and Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure (MICP) on rock chips, while pore throat size distribution was observed by MICP method only. The identified facies are Cross-bedded sandstone, laminated sandstone, Silty Mudstone, Bioturbated Mudstone and Clayey sandstone. By integrating all of these factors, it is concluded that pore throat size has strong effect on permeability while porosity is effected by pore structure in each facies. It is also investigated that Nyalau Formation has variable reservoir properties for each facies due to its lithology.


It is well established that CVD is a leading cause of death in diabetics. Certainly, the prevalence of CAD in diabetics is higher than in nondiabetics, as well as the risk of MI, and silent ischemia. Diabetes remains a major independent cardiovascular risk factor even when adjusting for age, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia as well documented in MRFIT. It is also well established that diabetics have worse outcomes in STEMI. Though diabetics having primary angioplasty have better outcomes than those receiving thrombolytics [1], they tend to have worse outcome than nondiabetics regardless of method of reperfusion [2]. In acute MI, diabetics are more often to have pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure despite similar infarct size and ejection fraction. In AIDA STEMI, patients with STEMI undergoing PCI, intracoronary Abciximab as compared to Intravenous Abciximab did not result in a difference in the combined endpoint (death, reinfarction, and CHF). However, it was associated with reduced rates of CHF as an individual outcome. AIDA STEMI further confirmed the safety of intracoronary Abciximab administration. In the CICERO trial, intracoronary Abciximab in STEMI undergoing primary PCI with aspiration, compared to intravenous administration does not improve myocardial reperfusion as assessed by STsegment resolution, it was associated with improved myocardial reperfusion as assessed by myocardial blush grade and a smaller enzymatic infarct size [3]. The data on thrombus aspiration during primary PCI has been conflicting. In some studies, it has been shown to be associated with improved myocardial perfusion and blush grade and ST segment resolution [4]. Furthermore, the improved myocardial blush grade was clearly associated with better clinical outcomes (lower rate of death and MACE) [4]. In other studies, it was not associated with increased myocardial salvage, on the contrary, it might have been associated with larger infarct size [5]. Manual thrombectomy did not reduce 30-day mortality, stent thrombosis, rate of stroke, or recurrent MI according to TASTE trial. INFUSE-AMI, 30-days outcomes showed small but significant reduction in infarct size assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, using intracoronary abciximab versus no Abciximab in large anterior STEMI, but not with manual aspiration. Post-hoc analysis of INFUSE-AMI data (day 31–1 year), there was decreased CHF and hospitalization with CHF with aspiration. Though INFUSE-AMI was not powered for clinic endpoints, the post-hoc analysis certainly shows intriguing results. In INFUSE-AMI, diabetic patients were older than nondiabetics, had statistically significant larger BMI, more comorbidities (hypertension and hyperlipidemia). They were more likely to present later than nondiabetic from symptoms onset. Diabetics had more extensive disease in the infarct related vessel. Diabetics had similar rates of restoring coronary blood flow (TIMI flow grade, myocardial blush grade) to nondiabetics, as well as similar infarct reperfusion success (infarct size and EF by cMRI). The data might have been off set by the fact that less diabetic versus nondiabetics had cMRI to assess the infarct size and reperfusion compared to nondiabetic (66.6% vs. 86.5%, P 5 0.007). It is unclear as to why diabetics had less cMRI (e.g., severe kidney disease, MRI noncompatible devices such as ICDs suggestive of poor EF and higher risk patient population to start with). We do not know the infarct size in these diabetic patients without cMRI and hence we do not know how the data could have been affected, especially in a sample size. Interestingly, diabetics had more MACCE (death, reinfarction, ischemia-driven TVR, and stroke). This suggests that there is more to MACCE than just reperfusion success. It certainly raises the possibility that the higher risk profile of diabetic patients (i.e., age, higher BMI, HTN, and multiple lesions) could play an important role in outcomes of PCI in STEMI more than just adequate perfusion.


Abstract Experiments have been conducted to determine the global kinetics for lean-fuel propane oxidation on a transition metal oxide catalyst. The catalyst used was composed of chromium and cobalt oxides (Cr2O3, CO3O4) deposited on alumina washcoated honeycomb ceramic substrates. The heterogeneous propane oxidation was modelled by a global mechanism consisting of the following three first order reactions; To determine the rate parameters it was necessary to carry out two sets of experiments using C3H8 and CO as fuel, respectively. In both experiments, the axial concentrations and temperature profiles in the bed were measured for a variety of inlet conditions. From the experimental data, the rate parameters for the three steps were determined. The CO oxidation kinetics was determined by a differential as well as an integral method and the results were in good agreement with each other. The CO oxidation kinetics was used in conjunction with the measured data for propane oxidation to compute the rate parame...


The mechanical behavior of a superconducting coil is important for improving the stability and reducing the mechanical losses of SMES. Mechanical displacements of a model coil for lkWh experimental SMES (ESK) are measured and compared with analytical results using 2-D FEM. Non-linear behaviors, such as friction and sliding between conductors and spacers are considered in this model. The preliminary stress condition caused by refrigeration is also considered. The results of this analysis show a good agreement with the experimentally observed ones. The whole view and the cross section of the test coil are shown in Figure 1. The test coil is constructed in a modified D-shaped(2) racetrack type with 4 double pancakes, 128 total turns and outer dimension of 313" length, 201" width, 94" height. The test coil shape is the Same as ESK's(3), but smaller in size. The conductor of the coil has the Same parameters as the ESK3s one. The conductor, with dimensions of 44" x 76mm, is composed of 16 Cu/CuNi/NbTi strands. The coil's self inductance is 3.39mH and self field is 0.76T at 1kA. The polyamide thin type GFRP spacer is inserted between turns and layers for insulation and cooling flow passage in the test coil.


The second law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of entropy, posits that all physical processes, in a closed system, will evolve over time toward a state of higher disorderliness and randomness. Isolated efforts to explore and examine the application of this law to human psychosocial processes (psychological entropy) have been undertaken only since the middle of the 20th century and have been limited in scope. In this article, the authors explore several domains where psychological entropy (PE) may be helpful in elucidating the nature, structure, and processes inherent in psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability (CID). This article is devoted to providing the reader with a brief outline of the scope of the law of physical entropy through highlighting its historical milestones, and examining its relationships with such concepts as chaos, flow of time, informational systems, the dynamics underlying denial, and finally, its link to a selected group of psychodynamic and cognitive perspectives. In a companion article, we explore potential clinical applications.


The global coronavirus pandemic has had an impact on the socio-economic development of the world. The article assesses the economic growth in the EAEU member States for 2020. Specific features of the development of the Union's economies are defined. Recommendations for increasing the rate of economic growth are formulated.


Task-space control of robot manipulators can be classified into two fundamental approaches, namely transpose Jacobian control and inverse Jacobian control. Much progress has been achieved in respect to understanding the transpose Jacobian regulation problem. Yet, the stability of the inverse Jacobian regulation problem has not been proven rigorously, taking the nonlinear dynamics and kinematics into consideration. In this paper, two inverse Jacobian regulators with gravity compensations are presented and the stability problems are formulated and solved. The results in this paper provide an answer to the open problem on why the inverse Jacobian setpoint control system can be stabilized even though the inverse Jacobian matrix is structurally very different from transpose Jacobian matrix. The theoretical results are verified experimentally by implementing the inverse Jacobian regulators on an industrial robot, PUMA560.


A model of the determinants of strategic decision-making pace that incorporates the role of individual differences among executive decision makers, organizational structural characteristics, and industry effects is developed. Drawing on data from 151 firms, we found that chief executive officers' cognitive ability, use of intuition, tolerance for risk, and propensity to act associated positively with speedy decisions. Decision pace appeared to be faster in centralized organizations and slower in formalized organizations. Our results also suggest that the construct of comprehensiveness has both cognitive and organizational structural aspects, with cognitive comprehensiveness relating positively and organizational comprehensiveness, negatively, to strategic decision-making pace.


Bluespec SystemVerilog (BSV) is a declarative hardware description language based on a synthesizable subset of System Verilog. Developing with BSV means so far to use scripts for existing editors, which enable highlighting and seldom support of the BSV compiler. The absence of a real IDE for BSV makes writing programs an inconvenient task. This project tries to improve this by providing an BSV Eclipse plugin. Besides code highlighting, it includes project management, and the error feedback from the BSV compiler. To avoid unnecessary and time consuming compiler runs, an BSV parser, which is generated with JastAdd, is also provided. By this means, it is possible to parse source less while editing. The parser supports the user immediately with error feedback, before the compiler is started, and with a concrete syntax tree, which is displayed in the Eclipse outline view. Additionally, the whole build process can be automated with Eclipse. In this way, the compiler run time is reduced significantly, which enables the developer to spend more time on programming. (Less)


The propulsion calculations of the rocket motor RX-150-1200 was done by using the propulsion simulation software developed bya the researchers of the Propulsion Division-LAPAN. The results were compared to that of motor rocket static test to find out the occurary of the motor rocket propulsion system design. Mostly, if there is a difference between those two results are less than 10 percent, we may concluded that the propulsion rocket motor design is correct or pseudo-correct classified, because the deviation obtained in this paper is 1.05 percent only. Keywords: Propulsion, Rocket motor.


The sensitivity of transport in colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) manganites to external electric and magnetic fields is examined using field effect configurations with La(0.7)Ca(0.3)MnO(3) (LCMO), Na(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3), La(0.7)Ba(0.3)MnO(3), and La(0.5)Ca(0.5)MnO(3) (0.5-doped LCMO) channels, and ferroelectric PbZr(0.2)Ti(0.8)O(3) (PZT) or dielectric (SrTiO(3)) gates. A large electroresistance (ER) of approximately 76% at 4 x 10(5) V/cm is found in LCMO with PZT-ferroelectric gate, but the magnitude of the effect is much smaller (a few percent) in the other three channels. The ER and CMR effects are remarkably complimentary. The size and systematics of the effect strongly favor a percolative phase separation picture.


This article undertakes an analysis of the narrative temporalities and of the narratives of temporality, specifically those of apocalypse or end-times and of living-on respectively, to be found in two recent South African novels, Eben Venter's Trencherman (2008) and David Medalie's The Shadow Follows (2006). Against Venter's hyperbolic narrative of catastrophe, which also turns out to be a critique of the residual elements of the erstwhile apartheid era, I posit that Medalie's litotic and patchwork narrative offers a more appropriate narrative of the slow transformation of the post-apartheid South African polity. I use Venter's and Medalie's oddly complementary novels as a template for exploring an emergent sense of a non-teleological 'minor narrative' of liberation in a time 'after postcoloniality'.


Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a component of air pollutants that are costly to measure using traditional air-quality monitoring methods. We used an epiphytic bio-indicator (moss genus: Orthotrichum) to cost-effectively evaluate atmospheric deposition of PAHs in Portland, Oregon in May 2013. However, it is unclear if measurements derived from these bioindicators are good proxies for human exposure. To address this question, we simultaneously, measured PAH-DNA adducts in blood samples of non-smokers residing close to the sites of moss measurements. We accounted for individual determinants of PAH uptake that are not related to environmental air quality through questionnaires, e.g., wood fires, consumption of barbecued and fried meats. Correlation and linear regression (to control for confounders from the lifestyle factors) evaluated the associations. We did not observe evidence of an association between PAH levels in moss and PAH-DNA adducts in blood of nearby residents, but higher level of adduct were evident in those who used wood fire in their houses in the last 48 hours. It remains to be determined whether bio-indicators in moss can be used for human health risk assessment.


Draft standard DIN 4113, which is widely used as a basis for the design, dimensioning, and construction of welded aluminium structures subjected to predominantly static loading, gives two interaction formulae for checking the strength. However a discrepancy arises in the ultimate strength curves obtained by means of these formulae if there are transverse welds in compression members. This article describes an experimental programme designed to investigate this. A correction formula is presented to allow for the weakening effects of transverse welds when checking the strength by means of the interaction formulae referred to. In addition a new interaction formula for aluminium alloys that is universally applicable is proposed.


In order to develop a bioreactor for solid to solid conversions the biocatalytic conversion of solid Ca-maleate to solid Ca-D-malate is studied. The dissolution of Ca-maleate is the first step in this process and is described here. A kinetic model, based on the interfacial-barrier theory and the diffusion-layer theory, was developed which describes the increase in Ca-maleate concentration due to dissolution with the help of the time-dependent parameters. According to the model two processes contribute to the dissolution of Ca-maleate·H2O crystals: (1) the dissolution (and dissociation) reaction of Ca-maleate at the solid–liquid interface, characterized by a time-independent reaction rate coefficient, and (2) the transport of Ca2+ and maleate2− across a boundary liquid film, characterized by a time-dependent mass-transfer rate coefficient. In addition, the surface of a crystal and the driving force are time-dependent variables. Since Ca-maleate·H2O crystals are not uniform, a crystal-size distribution was also used in the model. The effects of stirring speed, temperature, pH, and initial Ca2+ concentration on the dissolution rate of Ca-maleate·H2O crystals were determined experimentally in order to evaluate the model. The model fitted the data well (R2>0·97). In order to determine whether the overall dissolution process was reaction or transport controlled, a method based on overall reaction and transport rates (per unit of driving force) was developed. This showed that the dissolution of Ca-maleate was reaction controlled. Temperature influenced the reaction rate coefficient the most; it ranged from 5·7×10−6 m s−1 at 10°C to 67×10−6 m s−1 at 60°C. The reaction rate coefficient was also influenced by the pH and the initial Ca2+ concentration, but, as expected, hardly by the stirring speed. Simplifying the model by omitting the time-dependent mass-transfer rate coefficient and by assuming uniform crystals, resulted in only slightly worse fits of the data with R2 being at most 0·004 smaller. © 1988 Society of Chemical Industry


The authors thank editor and a reviewer for their valuable suggestions that helped to improve the final version of the paper. Salvador Romaguera thanks the support of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain, Grant MTM2012-37894-C02-01


Problems of wheat scarcity in Europe and of large surpluses in the major exporting countries have demanded increasing attention over the past four months. In Europe, strenuous efforts have been directed toward stretching current food supplies, including wheat, and toward accomplishing the longer-range task of making the Continent self-sufficient in basic foods. In the overseas exporting countries, especially North America, steps have been taken to provide adequate storage for existing wheat surpluses and to prevent their further expansion during the next two crop years.