The important commercial center of Constantinople's Theodosian Harbor was brought to light during the Yenikapı excavations carried out by the Istanbul Archaeological Museums for nine years, starting in 2004. Hundreds of thousands of archaeological finds and the remains of thirty-seven ships sunk in different centuries were discovered at the harbor site. Upon the invitation of the Istanbul Archaeological Museums, Istanbul University undertook the removal, documentation, and construction technology studies of twenty-seven shipwrecks and the conservation work of 31 shipwrecks. Shipwrecks were documented in situ and removed from the site using various methods appropriate to their preserved conditions. Post-excavation documentation, technology research, and conservation procedures of the Yenikapı shipwrecks continue today. This article aims to present a collective evaluation of the lifting and conservation methodology of shipwrecks carried out by the Division of Conservation of Marine Archaeological Objects of Istanbul University. In this context, the relationship between removing ship remains from the excavation site and conservation practices has been analyzed comparatively by referring to display styles.


We, the Editors and Publisher of the journal  Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, have retracted the following article: Pengwei Lu, Yuanting Gu, Lin Li, Fang Wang, Xue Yang & Yunqing Yang (2019) Belinostat suppresses cell proliferation by inactivating Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promotes apoptosis through regulating PKC pathway in breast cancer. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 47(1), 3955–3960, DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1671855 Since publication, concerns have been raised about the integrity of the data in the article. When approached for an explanation, the authors checked their data and confirmed there are fundamental errors present. Therefore, they have agreed to the retraction of this article. The authors apologise for this oversight. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as 'Retracted'.


A manually operated mechanical remote control for an automobile window. A hand crank is mounted on the automobile dash board convenient to the driver for manually operating a remote window. The hand crank is coupled to the window operating mechanism by a flexible cable so that by revolving the crank, the driver can readily open or close the window while remaining in the driver's seat behind the steering wheel.


Buddha Śākyamuni (Siddhārta), after having received the fruit of Bodhi (enlightenment), started propagating the doctrine of liberation from the karmic cycle. He normally used to propagate his message through his convincing discourses but whenever and wherever needed he performed prodigious happenings to convince people and convert them to his doctrine. Following is the description of an important occasion when he performed a series of miracles at Śrāvasti after having been challenged by heretic teachers of the time while in audience rulers and other nobles were present. This event has been beautifully represented in the Gandhāra sculpture. In this paper a pertinent series of successive events are mentioned as they occurred originally in the light of text and narrative sculpture and then its socio-religious background and iconographic symbolism has been discussed at the end. 


The starting point of the research was to map out areas and activities of the public sector in which savings could be achieved by controlling, optimizing and intensifying operations. This research is a part of the ongoing two-year (2013-2014) Kiiaudata (Kiinteistojarjestelmien datan alykas analysointi – smart analysis of property systems data) project funded by Tekes [2014], where one of the main aims was to study potential new technologies for managing and controlling conditions in buildings in a smart way. In collaboration with the City of Pori, a survey was made about the points where measurement data is collected and also how said data is utilized. As the result of this mapping, it was decided to focus on the upgrading of measurement data collection and the new swimming pool was chosen as the research subject, as it is the city's most expensive individual building in terms of energy consumption. The idea was that the maintenance staff would continue checking the physical measuring devices to ensure their conditions, but the collected data would be recorded with the developed system in contrast to the fully manual record keeping used in the past (i.e. pen and paper). The measurements produce information that can be used, for example, in consumption and condition tracking. For instance, analyses of alteration in energy consumption can be made by means of inclusive measurement and usage tracking based on it. Electricity, heat and water are examples for different measured energy currents. In many cases, the aforementioned currents can be tracked and anomalous situations can be reported automatically using modern computer controlled systems, but there still remain situations where manual work is required, especially when dealing with legacy systems.


From cog-pragmatic point of view,communication is a process of context construction.Discourse markers function as ostensions or constrains in the process of context construction,which means,on the one hand,discourse markers manifest cognitive assumption,on the other hand constrain the selection of cognitive context.Discourse markers can help hearer construct the expect context,minimize the effort cost in the utterance interpretation,and obtain contextual effect.


Sputtered multilayers of Co0.6Fe0.2B0.2 and AlOx have been measured using grazing incidence x-ray scattering to determine the changes in layer and interface structure during in situ annealing. We confirm our earlier deduction of a sharpening of the interfaces on annealing up to 400 °C. This sharpening arises from reduction in chemical intermixing, not from change in topological roughness and provides an explanation for the enhanced tunneling magnetoresistance. The annealing is shown to result in a decrease in Co0.6Fe0.2B0.2 mean layer thickness and increase in the layer density. There is a commensurate increase in AlOx mean layer thickness while at the same time there is a reduction in the layer density. The increase in thickness could explain the corresponding increase observed in the resistance-area product.


The study examined security awareness as a panacea for effective management of safe school Initiative and students' academic achievement in unity schools in Nigeria. Three research questions guided the study. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The population of the study comprises 104 principals of unity schools in Nigeria. There was no sampling technique adopted since the entire population was manageable. The instrument for data collection was structured questions developed by the researchers titled: "Safe School Initiative Questionnaire (SSIQ)". The instrument was validated by three experts, two from the Department of Educational Foundations and one in the Department of Science Education (Measurement and Evaluation Unit), all from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The reliability yielded a co-efficient of 0.83 using Cronbach Alpha techniques. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. The findings of the study revealed that the rationale for launching safe school initiative was to protect Nigeria students in school from being attacks, to reduce the dropout rate, to enable the students to be conscious of security situation in schools, prevent future attacks on schools, and general protection of education sector in Nigeria. The findings of the study also revealed that school based management strategies can be adopted for safe school initiative implementation in unity schools in Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendation were made, among other that, federal government should provide safety facilities especially perimeter fencing in unity school in Nigeria.


The Ciudad Abierta at Ritoque in Chile founded in 1970 is closely linked to the PUCV Faculty of Architecture in Valparaiso. In creating the works built in this "city" a pedagogy was tried out with a particular approach to and construction of the architecture that has maintained its validity and fascination for many years. The teachings of the founders of this school still constitute a provocation for all those interested in architecture as well as those who practise it. In particular, the figure of Alberto Cruz Covarrubias, recently deceased, still seems able to stimulate imagination and creativity through his writings and drawings, in line with what he believed in: "ultimately, the only thing a professor can do for his students is to give an example".


Surfaces of nano-silica particles can be effectively modified by means of irradiation graft polymerization. When polypropylene (PP) was compounded with these treated nanoparticles, an overall improvement in the mechanical properties of the composites at rather low filler content was acquired. The present work observed the deformation characteristics of the PP nanocomposites using transmission electron microscope. Due to the interfacial entanglement between the grafting polymers attached to the nanoparticles and the matrix polymer, the grafted nano-SiO2 exhibits much greater extensibility in the composites than the nanoparticles as-received. It is believed to be the main cause of extensive plastic drawing of the matrix polymer surrounding the treated nanoparticles, and it provides the composites with higher static ductility.


Owing to stricter environmental regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) 2020, the demand of liquefied natural gas (LNG) bunkering is expected to grow by approximately 15% during 2020–2025 along with increased investments in eco-friendly ships by global shipping companies. Thus, determining optimal methods for LNG bunkering using existing ports that lack LNG bunkering infrastructure is necessary. Here, a method is proposed to determine the optimal LNG bunkering method for existing ports. Analyzing previous studies, we selected four evaluation factors: assessment of LNG supply for ships, suitability of fuel supply, risk of spillage, and domestic and international standards, which were used to calculate a geometric aggregation score via normalization, weight, and aggregation for selecting an appropriate LNG bunkering method. The analytical results indicated that the ship to ship (STS) method, evaluated based on the size and type of ships, is optimal for the Busan port. This is expected to contribute to the competitiveness of ports and their safety and economic feasibility by serving as a basis for determining the optimal LNG bunkering implemented in existing ports. It is necessary to expand the follow-up research to improve the evaluation method by aggregating more improved data through real cases.


This work investigates the effect caused by the aluminum content in a welding metal and its variation in mechanical properties through the use of a non-destructive thermoelectric technique. It is known that aluminum has positive effects as deoxidizer in low percentages and alloying element together with Niobium and Vanadium. Aluminum has a positive and negative effect, initially improves the mechanical properties of the metal, as it acts as a grain refiner, increasing the yield strength, but in larger quantities, important mechanical properties such as hardness and toughness are seriously affected. For this purpose, HSLA ASTM 572 Gr. 50 steel was used as the base metal, where the weld metal was deposited, after which the specimens were fabricated and the mechanical tests and non-destructive tests were carried out. The sensitivity of the thermoelectric potential technique to microstructural and chemical composition changes was confirmed. The evolution of absolute thermoelectric potential (TEP) values with respect to the percentage of aluminum added to the weld was observed, being also quite sensitive to defects such as micro-cracks.


This chapter investigates the reformation process of public administration in the Republic of Sudan after the Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed in 2005. Adopting decentralization as the key solution to conflict, reformation of public administration in Sudan found its impetus after the CPA. International organizations, namely the World Bank, United Nations Development Programme, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the International Monetary Fund, have engaged with Sudan through a variety of structural and sectoral adjustment programs. Drawing heavily on the analysis of related policy documents, this chapter, ultimately, seeks to depict how public administration reforms are identified and structured in conflict-affected contexts, compared to safe and stable conditions. At this point, it can be concluded that Sudan needs to determine its constitutional political identity first for succesful transition to democracy. Sudan seems unlikely to complete reforming its public administration unless it could have resolved issues of democratic transition and poverty.


There is an urgent need to adopt standardized nomenclature as it relates to gestational weight gain (GWG), a more uniform approach to calculate it, and hence quantifying adherence to the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines.


Needle-free injection systems are novel ways to introduce various medicines into patients without piercing the skin with a conventional needle. They can take the form of power sprays, edible products, inhalers, and skin patches. While hypodermic needles were first introduced during the 1800s, needle-free systems are relatively recent inventions. Today, they are a steadily developing technology that promises to make the administration of medicine more efficient and less painful there has been a renewed interesting needle-free devices in swine due to two main factors: immunology research, indicating that targeting dendritic cells in the skin and the subcutaneous tissues results in improved immune response with minimal antigen doses, and to minimize


This research focused on the use of computer-based training programs for Navy recruits engaged in Group "A" electricians' mate training. The purpose was to determine whether such programs were effective in improving the performance of core competencies when used by Navy recruits for meeting performance goals in specific training situations.
Test data included the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, reading scores, course grades, and comprehensive test scores for instructional modules of small craft, lighting, and safety. An opinion survey of trainees and instructors was also administered.
The study included 136 trainees divided into two groups: those who received scores of 80 and above as initial course grades were identified as the "voluntary group," for which computer use was voluntary; those who received a score of 75 or less were identified as the "required" group, since they were required to make use of the computer programs.
Trainees using computer-based training programs, whether on a required of volunteer basis, improved test scores and overall grades in modules included in the study. The required group raised their subsequent mean test scores an average of 10-15%. All of the required users improved test scores sufficiently to pass courses previously failed, and some improved course grades as much as 35%.
Both trainees and instructors rated use of computer-based training programs highly. Both groups believed that use of computer-based programs to supplement classroom instruction contributed to the overall high test performance of the trainees.
The major implication of the study was that computer-based training proved to be important to all trainees, not only trainees found to need remedial instruction.
Future studies might examine how instructional modules that incorporate computer-based activities are linked to specific job-skill competencies. Could all skill development be enhanced through use of interactive multimedia computer-based instruction?


Abstract. Parameters extraction of precession targets are important information source for ballistic target recognition. Aiming at the limited ability of extracting targets parameters with single radar, an algorithm based on uniting the multi-aspect observation information is proposed to extract the precession features of ballistic targets in this paper. Firstly, cone-shaped precession model and wideband radar signal model are established and different-aspect conic node scattering point is matched and identified based on analyzing the relationship of each scattering point's micro-distance variation in detail. Then, utilizing the variation information of target's projected length obtained from range-profile sequence to estimate precession parameters, which can obtain estimation of precession parameters and target structure parameters without any prior information. Lastly, Simulation results prove that the proposed method can realize the extraction of high accuracy parameters.


Self-consistent mathematical model of the processes of energy-, massand electric transfer in the column and anode region of the electric arc with refractory cathode was used as a basis to perform numerical analysis of thermal, electromagnetic and gas-dynamic characteristics of arc plasma for constricted (plasma) and free-burning argon arc with copper water-cooled anode. Results of calculation of characteristics of arc column plasma show that distributions of electric current density, temperature and velocity of constricted arc plasma can greatly differ from the respective distributions for free-burning arc, depending on arc current, plasmatron nozzle channel diameter and plasma gas flow rate. Characteristics of near-anode layer of plasma arc also differ significantly from the respective characteristics of free-burning arc, depending on the above arcing mode parameters. Thus, by varying arc current, plasmatron nozzle channel diameter and plasma gas flow rate, it is possible to effectively control the characteristics of thermal, electromagnetic and, particularly, dynamic impact of the constricted arc on anode metal surface. 13 Ref., 1 Table, 10 Figures.


Abstract The paper presents an empirical study in the area of implementation theatre forum for people with mild and moderate mental retardation in an environment of sheltered housing. Forum Theatre already takes place in primary schools, in orphanages, in the Roma community and so on. There is a lack of experience and research studies with the target group of people with intellectual disabilities. The present research was carried out in several phases over a period of one year. The main objective was to determine whether it is possible to use forum theatre techniques and subjects with mild to moderate mental retardation - whether this target group will be able to process the theatre forum to engage, understand the meaning and function of these techniques and that these techniques can be used as an alternative remedy to solve the problem and conflict situations. The research sample consisted of 11 adult clients of sheltered housing with mild to moderate mental retardation and 11 members of the realization team of the forum theatre (7 Actors and 4 employees in direct care in sheltered housing). Used qualitative research methods were focus groups (always followed the realization of the theatre workshop forum), participant observation and quantitative method was a questionnaire. Research has brought new insights and information.


In this article the main attention is paid to consideration of features of the organization of budget performance and process of cash service of budget performance by territorial bodies of Federal Treasury. The basic principles which are cornerstone of process of performance of budgets, features of budget performance according to the income and expenses are opened. The possible options of cash service determined by order of cash service of performance of the federal budget, budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation and local budgets, and also the main reasons defining this choice are allocated. The main types of payment documents used in the course of cash service of performance of budgets are considered. The problems arising in the course of cash service of performance of the regional budget are revealed. The assessment is given to process of cash service of performance of budgets by territorial bodies of Federal Treasury in the Tambov region. The role of process of cash service of performance of the regional budget in social and economic development of the region is opened


Results: Out of a total of 70 GTN patients, 59 were classified into the low-risk group and 11 into the high-risk group. 100% of the patients in the low-risk group and 90.1% of the patients in the high-risk group responded to the first and second line treatments. In the follow-up, one case of recurrence in low-risk patients and one case of mortality in high-risk patients were reported. In the high-risk metastatic group, there was one case of unusual metastasis site at the kidney and the most common site of distant metastasis was lung.


Many western native plant species occur in areas characterized by well-drained soils low in organic matter. Some drought-tolerant native plant species exhibit poor seed germination. It was hypothesized that traditional growing substrates high in organic matter may impede their germination; therefore, stratified seeds of roundleaf buffaloherry (Shepherdia rotundifolia) and silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea) were sown in three substrates differing in organic matter and drainage properties. Seed flats were irrigated twice daily to container capacity, and held on a greenhouse bench for 40 days. Seeds of roundleaf buffaloberry exhibited greatest total germinal ion in a calcined montmorillonite calcined clay substrate (66%); seeds exhibited low germination in a commercial peatbased germination mix (13%) and in a self-prepared, locally popular substrate (22%) that contained sphagnum peat:perlite:calcined clay:sand (2:2:1:1 by vol). Seed germination of silver buffaloberry varied from 42 to 54% and was not different among the three substrates. When substrates are kept consistently moist, a calcined-clay substrate can improve germination of roundleaf buffaloberry, but not silver buffaloberry.


Metal rolls surface laser testing and PC controlled bad rolls detection system is based on optical comparator for two laser beams normally incident on rotating roll surface. Its operation is in two scattered beams intensities variations consequently to changes in defect passing between beams for certain time duration or simultaneous changes due to random roll vibrations. PC signal filtering and data array statistical treatment allows to get scattering coefficients dispersion histograms with lower maximum and greater dispersion halfwidth for bad rolls.


Aluminum nitride nanobelts with hexagonal structure were successfully synthesized by evaporating aluminum powder in ammonia/nitrogen atmosphere at 1200 °C. The as-prepared AlN nanobelts have a rectangular cross section with a width of 30−500 nm and length of about 100 μm. The optical characterization indicates that the vibration modes of the AlN nanobelt agree well with those of AlN film despite its nanobelt geometry. This nanobelt geometry of AlN could be important for the construction of GaN-based nanoheterostructures in future nanoelectronics.


To study the effect of glycyrrhizinic acid and licorice flavonoids on the genital system in animal, which are the active components from Glycyrrhizae Radix with the genital pharmacologic effects on anti-inflammation and antitumor in genital organs. Glycyrrhizinic acid could reduce serum testosterone level by inhibiting the biosynthesis and promoting the metabolism of testosterone, and has the effect of anti-inflammation and antitumor in genital organs. The effect of glycyrrhizinic acid on decreasing SULT2A1 activity while increasing steroid-5α-reductase activity, induces Glycyrrhizae Radix and glycyyrhizinic acid to be no sure to exhibit the reduction of serum testosterone level in clinic. Licorice flavonoids belong to phyto-estrogen. When the body is short of estrogen, licorice flavonoids exhibit estrogen-like effects. When the body is overfull of estrogen, licorice flavonoids exhibit antagonism to estrogen. Licorice flavonoids are major active components of Glycyrrhizae Radix for the treatments of genital organs carcinoma and dysmenorrheal.


The development of educational models in the modern era is currently popular with the concept of boarding school based. The main orientation of this concept is the intelligence of students both cognitively, intellectually, emotionally and especially spiritually. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the boarding school model on students' spiritual intelligence. The basis of this research with a quantitative approach. Simple regression analysis model in collecting data thtough questionnaires based on the linkert scale, the number of respondets or students is 76 students. The results of the study by passing 4 standardized test ranging from validity to normality. Showed that the boarding school model had a significant effect with an r value of 0.331 or 33.1%. Based on the research data, it can be concluded that the effect of the boarding school model on students' spiritual intelligence is 33.1% or in the low category, which means the rest is influenced by other factors


Impaired communication is one of the key features of schizophrenia. Therefore, an investigation of the disease's nature calls for a better understanding of the neural underpinnings of not only verbal communication but also the lesser-studied non-verbal communication. Spontaneous gestures accompanying oral speech are one of the most important channels for the transmission of non-verbal information. Poor gesture performance in schizophrenia is well documented, but data on the relevant neurophysiological and neuroanatomical aberrations have been obtained only recently. Compared to gesture performance, the perception of gestures provides more opportunities for neurophysiological study, as it does not require a participant's active movement during measurements or the development of time-consuming expert annotations for each participant's gestures. At the same time, the brain mechanisms of gesture perception in schizophrenia are understudied. In this review, the existing evidence is analyzed, and future perspectives for studying the brain correlates of spontaneous gesture perception in schizophrenia are discussed. To clarify the context of such studies, we briefly describe data on the brain organization of co-speech gestures, the perception of such gestures in healthy individuals, and the cognitive and social neuroscience methods through which such data may be obtained.


The demand for energy and resources is increasing because of China's economic and social development.China's mineral resources are great,but the amount of resource average person is less,and most are lean ores and refractory ores.The article briefly described the characteristics and utilization situation of mineral resources in China.Current mineral resources policies were studied by analysis the main problems existing in mineral resources utilization.Suggestions on perfecting china's mineral resources policy were put forward from seven aspects.


Arbitration means for arbitrating between computer devices A to F which compete for access to a common bus. The system provides cascaded round-robin units. Unit RR1 has ports A, B, C, and X in sequence, with port X coupled to round-robin unit RR2, which has ports D, E, F in sequence. On each cycling of unit RR1 past C to A, unit RR2 is checked and the next one of devices D to F (in the sequence determined by unit RR2) has the opportunity of bus access. Agating circuit 13 can further restrict bus accessing by unit RR2's devices, by timing or counter control. A third round robin unit can be added coupled to unit RR1 (which would have ports A, B, C, X,Y) or to unit RR2 (which would have ports D, E, F, Y). The assignment of devices to ports can be controllable by a matrix switch and device assignment memory.


There has been recent interest in improving performance of simple models for multiple reasons such as interpretability, robust learning from small data, and deployment in memory constrained environments. In this paper, we propose a novel method SRatio that can utilize information from high performing complex models (viz. deep neural networks, boosted trees, random forests) to reweight a training dataset for a potentially low performing simple model such as a decision tree or a shallow network enhancing its performance. Our method also leverages the per sample hardness estimate of the simple model which is not the case with the prior works which primarily consider the complex model's confidences/predictions and is thus conceptually novel. Moreover, we generalize and formalize the concept of attaching probes to intermediate layers of a neural network, which was one of the main ideas in previous work, to other commonly used classifiers and incorporate this into our method. The benefit of these contributions is witnessed in the experiments where on 6 UCI datasets and CIFAR-10 we outperform competitors in a majority (16 out of 27) of the cases and tie for best performance in the remaining cases. In fact, in a couple of cases, we even approach the complex model's performance. We also show for popular loss functions such as cross-entropy loss, least squares loss, and hinge loss that the weighted loss minimized by simple models using our weighting is an upper bound on the loss of the complex model.


Nesi Eka Putri (09070022), Learning Activities Students Lesson In Sociology Class XI IPS SMAN 3 Lengayang South Coastal District. Thesis. Sociology of Education Studies Program (STKIP) PGRI West Sumatra, Padang, 2013 The research was motivated by the low activity of learners in sociology lesson. The low activity of learners is shown from the students are not serious in learning, while the teacher explains lessons chide and creative learners in improving learning less look of the tasks performed by the students did not do well. This study aimed to describe the activities of learners in the learning process sociology class XI IPS SMAN 3 Lengayang South Coastal District. Type of research is classified by the type of descriptive qualitative research. The research object is the class XI students of SMAN 3 Lengayang IPS2 South Coastal District by the number of students by 32 people.The tool used for this study is a list that contains the results of observation checklists and learning activities of learners are processed using the formula percentage (%). These results indicate that the percentage of learners' learning activities in class XI IPS2 SMAN 3 Lengayang listen to an explanation for the activity with the percentage of 53.26% of teachers, students listen to a friend's question with a percentage of 27.41%, the students listened to a friend reply percentage of 28.10%, students read the book before the learning process starts with a percentage of 3.89%, students read notes/ summary of lessons with a percentage of 5.18%, subject matter with students noting the percentage of 38.53%, accounting for the bulk of students/ incomplete material that teaches about the percentage 24.88%, the student asked the teacher if students do not understand the material being taught with a percentage of 1.91%, the students asked the friend if students do not understand the material being taught teachers with a percentage of 5.09%, students answer questions from teachers and friends during the learning process takes place with a percentage of 1.91%, students only have to answer questions from the teacher during the learning process takes place with the percentage of 10.2%, of students working on a given task well with the percentage of 34.36 % of teachers, students working on the task only partially/ not complete with the percentage of 36.58%


The paper presents a results of software calculation and experimental measurement determination of unified glare rating (UGR) for two teacher rooms in an educational building. Three-dimensional computer modeling and multivariate UGR software calculation with light-emitting diode luminaires having different lighting distributions and taking into account the actual position and the line of sight of the observer are performed. A methodology for experimental measurement and determination of UGR has been proposed and demonstrated for the same two rooms. The results are presented in tabular and graphical form. A comparative analysis of the results obtained from the software calculations and the experimental determination of UGR is carried out. Conclusions have been made about the influence on the accuracy of the URG values obtained of the light distribution type of the luminaires, the location and orientation of the line of sight of the observer, and the choice of the background luminance surface.


As the overall economy and semiconductor industry emerges from one of the worst recessions in years, it is time to take stock of EDA challenges and its future. This panel will focus on which challenges will surge and dominate EDA over the course of next several years and which challenges we can sell short.


The aim of this work was to investigate if gerbera plants show significant differences in growth and flower production when grown in two different soilless growing systems, with and without nutrient solution recycling. Several parameters were measured and calculated: dry matter production and allocation, flower yield, quality and mineral nutrition. Growth indices did not show significant differences between the two systems. Nutrient concentration inside the substrate was lower in the closed system, possibly due to recycling of nutrient solution. Analysing mineral contents in dry matter luxury consumption of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium was found in the open growing system, but it did not have an effect on production and quality of flowers. Total flower production was 12.5 per plant, while diameter and stem length were, respectively, 10-12 and 40 cm in both systems. Moreover, the amount of nutrient lost per year was calculated measuring the nutrient concentrations in the drainage solution. Results showed that about 93 N, 6.8 P, 165 K and 107 Ca Kgha - 1 per year are released into the environment.


The concentrations of total dissolved iron (TdFe) and dissolved reactive iron (DrFe) in the Northern coastal China seawater (Yantai Sishili Bay) in 2018 were determined using cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV). It was found that while the concentrations of TdFe ranged from 27.8 to 82.0 nM, DrFe concentrations changed in a much narrower range from 6.8 to 13.3 nM. The annual mean concentrations of DrFe also ranged from 7.1 to 12.6 nM at the 12 sites monitored over the 4 years of the study (2017–2020). Considering the obvious changes in temperature (T), chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations (Chl a contents were higher in May, July and September than in March and November), and nutrients over a year in this zone, the consumption of DrFe was expected; the supplement of DrFe observed may have resulted from the transformation of strong organically complexed iron by photoreduction and cell surface reduction. Additionally, a pre-liminary conclusion was drawn based on the theoretical calculation of Fe* that the concentration of DrFe was sufficient to meet the phytoplankton demand.


In recent geospatial research, the importance of modeling and generating human mobility trajectories is rising. Whereas there are already plenty of feasible approaches applicable to geospatial sequence modeling itself, there seems to be room to improve with regard to evaluation, specifically about measuring the similarity between generated and reference trajectories. In this work, we propose a novel similarity measure, GEO-BLEU, which can be especially useful in the context of geospatial sequence modeling and generation. As the name suggests, this work is based on BLEU, one of the most popular measures used in machine translation research, while introducing spatial proximity to the idea of n-gram. We compare this measure with an established method, dynamic time warping, applying both measures to simple artificial sequences and examining differences in their characteristics.


We study inventory control of serial supply chains with continuous, Markov-modulated demand (MMD). Our goal is to simplify the computational complexity by resorting to certain approximation techniques, and, in doing so, to gain a deeper understanding of the problem. First, we perform a derivative analysis of the problem's optimality equations and develop general, analytical solution bounds for the optimal policy. This leads to simple-to-compute near-optimal heuristic solutions, which also reveal an intuitive relationship with the primitive model parameters. Second, we establish an MMD central limit theorem under long replenishment lead time through asymptotic analysis. We show that the relative errors between our heuristic and the optimal solutions converge to zero as the lead time becomes sufficiently long, with the rate of convergence being the square root of the lead time. Third, we show that, by leveraging the Laplace transform, the computational complexity of our heuristic is superior to the existing...


Drug addiction is currently a global social problem that produces organic alterations in the human being who ingests them, especially the most vulnerable such as adolescents, affecting the family and the environment in which it develops as the place where it lives or study and increase student desertion. The objective of this study is to determine drug addiction in the student youth that goes to the research center of the University of Guayaquil C.D.I.C; The methodology applied is of a direct observational type through interviews with family members and the young person on the subject. There is a predominance of the consuming population in the male sex in individuals 14 to 17 years. It is a longitudinal section where we analyze, describe and evaluate variables such as age, sex, frequency of consumption, type of consumption. As a conclusion of this research is to correlate the results to propose effective strategies as well as the active participation of psychologists and doctors in educational institutions giving priority to teachers, students.


The milk protein portion contains sialic acid which may be used as an index for k-casein. In comparison with non fat dry milk (NFDM) and calcium caseinate, the solubility of NFDM protein isolates at the various pH was inferior. Another consideration for the low solubility relates to the possibility that k-casein may have been extracted or possibly modified by the action of alcohol. The k-casein is the principal stabilizing fraction for casein micelle and any changes which result in its destruction or removal would be expected to have potent results. During solvent treatment, 16.5% of sialic acid was extracted in the first extraction solvent, whereas the second treatment caused only a 4.0% loss, based on sialic acid analysis. A study was conducted on the effect of concentration of methanol on loss of sialic acid. The loss of sialic acid decreased as the concentration of methanol increased to above 62% in both the first and second extracted solvent. It appears that loss of sialic acid is attributed to the water fraction rather than the methanol fraction. The effect of addition of the dried extracted solids on solubility was investigated. Protein solubility of NFDM protein isolates was sharply increased by 10% addition of the extracted solids and, thereafter, decreased. Efforts to restore solubility by feeding-back the extracted material supported the concept that removal of surface k-casein may have been a possible factor.


This paper describes a novel electronic nose system combined with a membrane interface probe (MIP) for detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water. The MIP is an in situ tool that allows the detection of certain VOCs in the soil via a pushed or driven probe. The MIP was combined with a sensor array consisting of four different tin‐oxide gas sensors known as an electronic nose (e‐nose). The designed e‐nose system was calibrated in aqueous media spiked with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p‐xylene (BTEX) at concentrations of 100, 250, and 500 ppm. Since the experiment was conducted utilizing five repetitions for each analyte, a data set of 60 measurements was prepared for principal components analysis (PCA). The results of the PCA showed that two principal components contain more than 99% variance information and each VOC is separable and detectable by the e‐nose.


INTRODUCTION: Imaging of the course of the corticospinal tract (CST) by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is useful for function-preserving tumour surgery especially of gliomas infiltrating the white matter. The integration of functional data such as functional MRI (fMRI) or navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) for the delineation of starting Regions of Interest (ROI) can improve the fibre tracking results in a multiple-ROI approach. Here, both functional localizer methods are compared for the plausibility of the resulting fibre course. METHODS: 32 patients with intracerebral tumours were allocated to the prospective study. The cortical seeding ROIs were defined by the nTMS hot-spots or by the fMRI local-activation-maximum representing the primary motor area (M1) of the hand, the foot and the tongue. The CST originating from the contralesional M1 hand area was mapped as intra-individual reference. As subcortical ROI, we used the anterior inferior pontine region (aiP). The plausibility of the fibre trajectories was assessed by a-priori defined anatomical criteria by two independent raters. As potential co-factors i.a. the franctional anisotropy threshold (FAT) was analysed. RESULTS: Both methods revealed excellent plausibility results for the contralesional hand-CST (100%). NTMS seems to be favourable to construct the hand-CST on the lesional side (NTMS/fMRI: 97%/81%) whereas no significant difference could be observed for the foot- and the tongue-CST. Plausibility rates were significantly deteriorated at low FAT values (ROC-cut-off: FAT = 0.105) for both nTMS- and fMRI-derived CST (p < 0.001). The interrater reliability was excellent (Cohen's k = 0.96). CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we found excellent plausibility rates using a deterministic multiple-ROI approach with a cortical ROI defined by functional localizer methods. In comparison, nTMS was advantageous for the hand-CST tractography whereas both localizer methods revealed adequate results for the foot- and the tongue-CST. In general, tractography results at FAT lower than 0.105 should be interpreted with particular caution.


The definition of weighted time-moments of discrete-time systems is introduced. A simple algorithm for computing the weighted time-moments of a discrete-time system from its rational pulse transfer function is derived.


A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to post-treat digested swine wastewater,in order to investigate the factors controlling nitrite build-up.In the experiment of addition ratio of raw wastewater to digested effluent ranging from 10% to 30% (V/V),the pH value, concentration of ammonia nitrogen in effluent and ratio of nitrite dropped along with the addition ratio of raw wastewater reducing.Under the condition of SBR treatment system with aeration quantity from 100L/h to 260L/h,The higher was the aeration quantity,obviously,the higher was dissolved oxygen,as a result,the lower was the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in effluent and the ratio of nitrite.Main parameters during a cycle in SBR indicated concentration of ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen (DO) at the end of aeration were the predominant control factors.As long as aeration was halt at the end of oxidation of ammonia nitrogen,a higher ratio of nitrite (more than 87%) can be achieved even though SBR with larger aeration quantity.The phenomena can be well explained by the kinetic constants of nitrifying process. In the rang of concentration of ammonia nitrogen in influent from 524mg/L to 937mg/L,The concentration of ammonia nitrogen in effluent raised along with increased ammonia nitrogen in influent.However,No significant difference in ratio of nitrite (about 75%) for different concentration of ammonia nitrogen in influent was observed,suggesting that the concentration of ammonia nitrogen has no influence ratio of nitrite.The experiment results showed that nitrite build-up in nitrification process can be realized by controlling concentration of ammonia nitrogen in effluent and dissolved oxygen (DO) in SBR.


An embodiment of the invention provides a novel power battery heath management system. The novel power battery heath management system comprises a power battery, a data acquisition module, a data management module and an equalization control module, wherein the data acquisition module is used for collecting the current electric parameters of the power battery in real time and the sending the current electric parameters to the data management module; the data management module is used for determining index data according to the current electric parameters, generating an instruction signal according to the index data, and sending the instruction signal to the equalization control module; and the equalization control module is used for carrying out equalization control on the power battery according to the instruction signal. According to the embodiment of the invention, the equalization control of the power battery is carried out according to the current electric parameters collected in real time, so that the conditions that the service life of the power battery is shortened or the power battery is subjected to spontaneous combustion caused by the reason that certain single batteries are constantly over-charged or over-discharged due to unbalanced electric quantities among the single batteries are avoided; and consequently, the service life of the battery is prolonged, and the safety of the power battery is improved.


In the article,the author concludes the investigation of the English study situation of the students in Higher Vocational College,analyzes its causes and gives some suggestions.


The academic literature offers some insights about lagging progress on circular economy (CE) transition, including cultural, regulatory, market, and technical barriers. There is also an increasing body of knowledge about barriers to CE adoption that takes a macro‐level perspective across industries. However, such studies have largely neglected the industry scale. This study fills that gap by examining barriers to CE transition in the Dutch technical and interior textiles industries. Using data from 27 interviews with manufacturers and retailers, the study finds that high costs for production and marketing, along with lack of consumer interest, are among the most substantial barriers. To provide a system‐wide perspective, the study conceptualizes relationships among barriers as a chain reaction: limited knowledge of CE design options raises the difficulty and cost of delivering high‐quality circular products at the firm level, while limited availability of circular supply streams combined with the orientation of existing production systems toward linear supply chains constrain CE transition at the industry level. These findings highlight the need for intervention at levels beyond the scale of individual firms, a key implication for public policy.


Abstract A new series of 2-aminobenzothiazole hybrids linked to thiazolidine-2,4-dione 4a–e, 1,3,4-thiadiazole aryl urea 6a–d, and cyanothiouracil moieties 8a–d was synthesised. The in vitro antitumor effect of the new hybrids was assessed against three cancer cell lines, namely, HCT-116, HEPG-2, and MCF-7 using Sorafenib (SOR) as a standard drug. Among the tested compounds, 4a was the most potent showing IC50 of 5.61, 7.92, and 3.84 µM, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 4e and 8a proved to have strong impact on breast cancer cell line with IC50 of 6.11 and 10.86 µM, respectively. The three compounds showed a good safety profile towards normal WI-38 cells. Flow cytometric analysis of the three compounds in MCF-7 cells revealed that compounds 4a and 4c inhibited cell population in the S phase, whereas 8a inhibited the population in the G1/S phase. The most promising compounds were subjected to a VEGFR-2 inhibitory assay where 4a emerged as the best active inhibitor of VEGFR-2 with IC50 91 nM, compared to 53 nM for SOR. In silico analysis showed that the three new hybrids succeeded to link to the active site like the co-crystallized inhibitor SOR.


This study deals with the effects of ZrSiO4 particles addition on the abrasive wear behavior of aluminum based metal matrix composites. The Al-A356/5 vol.% ZrSiO4 specimens were prepared by the injection of particles in the as-received form or Al-ZrSiO4 milled composite powder. Injection of composite powder caused remarkable improvement in ZrSiO4 distribution within the Al-356 matrix alloy. The composites were fabricated by two different routes of semisolid-liquid state (SL) and liquid-liquid state (LL). According to the results, when the stirring was conducted in the semi-solid state, a better distribution of reinforcing particles was observed. Based on the wear test results, the A356/(Al-ZrSiO4)cp composite processed in the SL state exhibited the highest wear resistance in terms of wear rate and friction coefficient. The worn surfaces of specimens were examined to identify the possible mechanisms.


Soil samples were collected from two chicken farms with different types of grasslands in Bainhushu of Hushandake;and the effects of free-range chickens on the characteristics of water content,NH4+-N,NO3-N,soil microbial biomass carbon(SMBC),and soil microbial biomass nitrogen(SMBN) of different types of grasslands were investigated.The water contents and the contents of NO3-N in brushwood land at different distance were different.The water contents in different soil layers of grassland were also different.For both vegetation forms,the content of NH4+-N in soil layer 20~50 cm was significantly higher than that in 0~10 cm.With the decreasing of grazing radius,SMBC decreased gradually in the soil layer of 0~10 cm,but not changed in other soil layers.There was no significant difference in SMBN among different grazing radius;while obvious differences in different soil layers were found.


To estimate the attenuation D of silencers under practical conditions, the formula of Piening is used: D=1.5αCL/A (C is the circumference, L the length, and A the cross‐sectional area of the absorbing duct). For most of the porous absorbers the absorption coefficient α can be estimated by the very simple relation α=0.9 log(fd)−X (0≤α≤1), where f is the frequency in Hz and d the thickness of the absorber in cm. For different porous absorbers the constant X can be derived from measurements in small test rigs, where only a few materials are needed. For mineral wool with a density between 20 and 40 kg/m3, X=2,4, and for snow with a density of 270 kg/m3, X=2,65, e.g., the Piening formula together with the relation for α gives a simple method to calculate the space for splitter‐ or tube‐silencers in ducts, e.g., without knowing the acoustical performance of the porous absorber exactly.


In this article, the authors discusses issues related to limited application of digital TV (DTV) in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The origins of DTV and the variety of applications in which DTV is used are discussed, including its usage in roadside communication devices. Protocols supporting DTV transmissions and network availability are discussed. The advantages towards using DTV over analog are described throughout the article.


Background: COVID-19 [Coronavirus] was declared as a pandemic disease by the World Health Organization in the year 2020 Almost all the dental care facilities in the affected countries were closed and provided only minimal dental services Several guidelines were proposed by the government for providing essential and non-essential dental services Several parents were not accessible to the dentists and faced difficulties in providing treatment for their children The dental emergencies among the child include trauma, severe dental caries, pulpitis, and swellings Treatment should be provided regarding these dental emergencies Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the difficulties faced by the parent for dental treatment in their child during COVID-19 Materials and Methods: This study was conducted through an online questionnaire during pandemic disease COVID-19 The survey was circulated among the parents, whose child required dental treatment and this study assessed the difficulties faced by parents regarding dental treatment for their children The data were recorded and tabulated Results: The mean age of the parents who took part in this study was 38 85 50 59% were females and 49 41% were males The mean age of the child whose parents were involved in this study was 10 52 91 95% of the patients were aware of the COVID-19 condition 27 59% of the parents encountered dental problems in their children 35 9% of the parents consulted the dentists regarding the dental problem encountered in their children Various treatment options preferred by the parents were going to the dentists [50 91%], online consultations [27 27%], and Home remedy [21 82%] 59 46% of the children were relieved from their pain after the treatment 43 24% of the parents found that online consultations were effective and satisfying 58 62% of the parents have the fear of transmission during the dental visits for their child Reasons for not accessible to the dentists among parents were Transportation problems [72%], Dentists were not available [24%], other reasons [4%] 58 62% of the parents were aware of the essential and non-essential dental treatment Conclusion: The difficulties faced by the parents in the treatment of their child during COVID-19 were most commonly associated with the transportation problem Most of the parents preferred home remedies due to the fear of the pandemic situation The prevalence of dental emergencies among children is comparatively lesser Awareness about the essential and non-essential dental treatment prevails © IJCRR


A promising technique for gas cleaning is based on non-thermal plasma induced chemical reactions. A well-known way to generate non-thermal plasmas is by using a pulsed power source. One of the challenges regarding pulsed power applications is energy efficiency optimization. Optimal efficiency is essential for future implementation of this technique on industrial scale. Past research has shown that matching the corona reactor to the pulse source increases the efficiency. The major difficulty with matching is the rapidly varying impedance of the load before, during and after plasma generation. These three stages can be modelled separately to obtain general guidelines for efficiency optimization. This paper describes the results of measurements performed to investigate the influence of the reactor capacitance and applied voltage (pulse charging voltage and DC) on matching. The capacitance of the wire-plate reactor was changed by varying the number of corona wires and adding capacitors in parallel to the reactor. The presented results clearly show that by paying proper attention to matching, i.e. choosing a good reactor capacitance and sufficient voltage amplitude, the efficiency can be increased significantly. The models derived can directly be used for efficiency optimization. (4 pages)


We employ simultaneous flash x-ray radiography and streak imaging, together with a multi-phase finite element model, to understand deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) phenomena in low-density (∼1.2 gm/cm3) powder of the explosive cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (HMX). HMX powder was lightly hand-tamped in a 12.7 mm diameter column, relatively lightly-confined in an optically-transparent polycarbonate cylinder with wall thickness 25.4 mm. We observe apparent compaction of the powder in advance of the detonation transition by the motion of small steel spheres pre-emplaced throughout the length of explosive. High-speed imaging along the explosive cylinder length provides a more temporally continuous record of the transition that is correlated with the high-resolution x-ray image record. Preliminary simulation of these experiments with the HERMES model implemented in the ALE3D code enables improved understanding of the explosive particle burning, compaction and detonation phenomena which are implie...


In recent years, increased interest has been shown towards biological control based management practices following the unsatisfactory results with the application of conventional insecticides. In Integrated Pest Management, selection of right plant protection methods coupled with right appliance is important to tackle the target pest in an effective manner. In this context, microplot and field trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the oil based formulation of B. bassiana (Bb 112) against chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood to identify an effective delivery method among different sprayers used (ASPEE Maruyama Engine sprayer, Avenger ULV sprayer, ASPEE Battery sprayer, ASPEE Knapsack hand sprayer, ASPEE Hitech hand sprayer and CDA sprayer). Microplot experiment on chilli thrips, S. dorsalis revealed that the oil based formulation of B. bassiana (Bb 112) was significantly superior to all other treatments and recorded the highest cumulative mean population reduction of 47.54 per cent. The cumulative mean per cent reduction in first (at Kumarapalayam) and second field trial (at Ambilikkai) against Chilli thrips showed that, oil based formulation of B. bassiana (Bb 112) @ 10 8 spores ml -1 sprayed with CDA sprayer was significantly superior to other treatments with 43.01 and 46.65 per cent reduction, respectively.


Abstract— Cyclic (c) AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitory activities of N‐alkylxanthine derivatives (3‐methyl‐, 3‐ethyl‐, 3‐propyl‐, 3‐butyl‐, 1,3‐dimethyl‐, 1‐methyl‐3‐ethyl‐, 1‐methyl‐3‐propyl‐and 1‐methyl‐3‐butyl xanthines) and their relaxant effects on carbachol‐induced contraction and on resting tone guinea‐pig isolated tracheal smooth muscle have been investigated. The PDE inhibition constant (Ki) and the concentration producing 50% tracheal smooth muscle relaxation in‐vitro (EC50) were determined. Significant correlations between the ‐log Ki values and the ‐log EC50 values on the carbachol‐induced contraction or on the resting tone were found (r = 0·902 and 0·892). The apparent partition coefficient (P) between n‐octanol and pH 7·4 phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) was measured as an index of hydrophobicity of the xanthine derivatives. There were significant correlations between log P and both ‐log EC50 values and between the log P and ‐log Ki values. These findings suggest that the cAMP PDE inhibitory activity of N‐alkylxanthine derivatives contributes to the mechanism of bronchodilatory action, and that an increase in hydrophobicity of the xanthine molecule enhances the biological activity.


Synopsis Adrenal sensitivity was assessed in 16 non-depressed patients with NINCDS/ADRDA Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 18 control subjects by measuring cortisol response to low dose (0·05 μg/kg i.v.) exogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Controlling for sex and medication, both peak cortisol level (peak–baseline) and area under cortisol response curve (AUC above baseline) were significantly greater in AD subjects. This shows that HPA axis hyperactivity, as demonstrated by enhanced adrenal sensitivity to ACTH, occurs in AD. Similar findings have been reported to occur in depression. Among AD subjects, AUC cortisol response correlated with current age (r = 0·70, P = 0·001) and age at onset of dementia (r = 0·73, P = 0·001) and an inverse correlation was seen between cortisol AUC and cognitive test (CAMCOG) score (r = −0·51, P = 0·044). Our findings suggest that HPA axis hyperactivity in AD is associated with advancing age and cognitive dysfunction. Such changes may be cause, or consequence, of neuronal loss.


There are many diverse uses for beryllium in both military and industrial applications. Unfortunately, there are certain worker health risks associated with the manufacture and production of beryllium products. Respiratory illnesses due to prolonged contact with beryllium particulate are of paramount concern. However, these health risks can be controlled provided that the appropriate protective measures to prevent worker exposure from beryllium are in place. But it is no1 always a straightforward process to identify exactly what the beryllium protective measures should be in order to realize a true risk savings. Without prudent attention to a systematic inquiry and suitable evaluative criteria, a program for controlling beryllium health risks can be lacking in completeness and overall effectiveness. One approach that took into account the necessary ingredients for risk-based determination of beryllium protective measures was developed for a beryllium operation at a Department of Energy (DOE) facility. The methodological framework that was applied at this facility, as well as a discussion of the final beryllium protective measures that were determined by this approach will be presented. Regulatory aspects for working with beryllium, as well as a risk-assessment strategy for ranking beryllium-handling activities with respect to exposure potential will also be discussed. The more » presentation will conclude with a synopsis of lessons-learned as gleaned from this case study, as well as providing the participants with a constructive blueprint that can be adapted to other processes involving beryllium. « less


ABSTRACT Environmental and morphological factors and social context influence the vocalizations of anuran species. Herein, we observed the acoustic behavior of Hypsiboas goianus males from Central Brazil and analyzed the following calls: advertisement, short aggressive and long aggressive. The acoustic parameters of advertisement calls were not correlated with air temperature, mass or snout–vent length; however, the acoustic parameters of short aggressive calls were influenced by these variables. The temporal parameters of advertisement and short aggressive calls were classified as dynamic properties, while the dominant frequency was considered a static property. Dominant frequency is the most important variable to discriminate calls among individuals.


One kind of signal generating circuit PFC, the PFC PFC signal generating circuit for generating a signal for controlling a first inductor (L1) is connected to a first switch (NM1) and connected to the second switch (NM2 are) of a second inductor (L2) of the PFC circuit. The present invention is provided with: a first control signal output circuit (109), the timing for detecting the zero current in the first inductor (L1), the output of the first switch is turned on (NM1) of the first PFC signal; and a timing adjustment circuit (113) for generating a control signal (SET2) for the timing when detecting the timing of zero current than the target early in the second inductor (L2), after waiting until the timing of turning on the second target switch (NM2 are), and, when the timing of the timing ratio follow a target permissible period later, the next cycle target timing of turning on the second switch (NM2 are); and a second control signal output circuit outputs the second control signal a second circuit for the PFC control signal turns on the second switching signal (SET2) is generated according to.


The semantic denitions of compound Python programming language operators, for which we have expanding applications in application projects, are explained in the article. The denitions are written in the basic initial form, which is primary for the study of programming and for the construction of algorithms for data processing. On the basis of semantic denitions, syntax denitions are formed, which form the correct subset of the general Python syntax, and can be supplemented by extension operations without modication of the base part. The method of operational-functional denition of semantics is presented, which allows to rebuild syntax denitions so as to preserve the basic semantics of individual constructions of the language and to minimize the length of output by grammatical denitions startdef=>+"example". For this purpose we use basically three methods: reduction of complete grammatical rules; substitution of denitions of non-terminals on the right side of the syntax; adding non-strictly dened terminals with reference to previously dened non-terminals. Semantics models are built on the classication of operations and data conversion functions. Models are treated as universal algebras U(A) = , where M is a nonempty set (quantities, memory cells, structures, operators), and Ω is a set of operations (possibly partial) on the set M, including the signature. We dene semantics models in two groups: 1)models based on valid Python operations; 2)models based on Python operators and control structures. For each group of models of algebra semantics has its own peculiarities. Semantics models are dened for the following objects: numeric types, assignment, data system, print, input; conditional expressions, conditional operator if; loop operators while, for; try exception control operator; operator with context managers.


Factor analysis is an important technique in behavioural science research in explaining the interdependence and assessing causations and correlations of the observed variables and the latent factors. Recently, generalization of the model to handle polytomous variables has received a lot of attention. In this paper, a Bayesian approach to analysing the model with continuous and polytomous variables is developed. In the posterior analysis, the observed continuous and polytomous data are augmented with the latent factor scores and the unobserved measurements underlying the polytomous variables. Random observations from the posterior distributions are simulated via the Gibbs sampler algorithm. It is shown that the conditional distributions involved in the implementation of the algorithm are the familiar distributions, hence the simulation is rather straightforward. Joint Bayesian estimates of the unknown thresholds, structural parameters and the factor scores are produced simultaneously. The efficiency and accuracy of our approach are demonstrated by a real-life example and a simulation study.


Dr. Dale is a distinquished member of the faculty of Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. He is the Editor of the monthly New Letter (March, 1966, V. 31, No. 6) from which this article is reprinted, and the author of numerous books. We are now moving into the decisive decade. We are deciding, by chance or by choice, whether we shall have devastating atomic war or or whether we can achieve the relaxation of tension in which


Introduction: Trauma is an injury that occurs due to the exchange of environmental energy with the body to an extent that is unbearable. In developing countries, such as Iran, trauma, especially abdominal trauma, has become increasingly important due to the enhanced development of vehicles and industries. The present study aimed to assess the frequency of intra-abdominal visceral injury due to penetrating trauma in the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in 2020.
 Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 162 patients with penetrating abdominal trauma who were selected via the census method out of the patients referring to the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, Iran. Data were collected using a checklist which included items on gender, age, length of hospital stay, patient's final condition, and cause of trauma, injury outcome, location of the injury, and laparotomy outcome. Data were entered into SPSS software (version 18) and analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and chi-square test.
 Results: Out of 162 impenetrable trauma patients, 135 (83.3%) and 27 (16.7%) cases were male and female, respectively. The mean age of patients was 33.25±18.99 years. The causes of trauma were accidents (75.4%) and falls from height (24.6%). Furthermore, regarding laparotomy results, 29.6% of patients had no intra-abdominal visceral injury, while intestinal, liver, and spleen injuries were observed in 24.7%, 25.9%, and 19.8% of cases, respectively.
 Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, the majority of trauma patients were male. Moreover, the most common mechanisms of trauma in patients referring to the emergency department of this accident center and the most commonly injured organs were the spleen and intestine. Therefore, appropriate measures are required to prevent these injuries.


Your Smile,a new book by Zhang Cheng-zhi,contains 35 new articles written by him since 2007.In this paper,the author summarized several key themes of the book from the aspects of "on the way","caring" of the bottom and the folk,"crying for justice" and "spiritual enlightenment".Finally the adhering and change of writer's stand are also reviewed.


Bolus tracking of contrast agent with MRI is a well established technique for measurement of local cerebral hemodynamic parameters flow, volume and mean transit time. When performed on a voxel-by-voxel basis, it allows development of hemodynamic parameter maps useful for assessment of ischemic damage following stroke and tumor characterization in cancer. The analysis of the acquired dynamic data requires the use of deconvolution to reconstruct the residue function (R) of the contrast agent. Measurement of the tissue time course and the arterial input function are obtained by T2 or T2∗ weighted sequences. Reconstruction of R provides estimates of flow, volume and mean transit time. The raw MRI scan signal intensity is well approximated by Rician statistics. The standard approach to estimation involves logarithmic transformation and least squares deconvolution. At low signal to noise ratio this approach is not efficient and as an alternative this work adopts an iterative re-weighted non-linear least squares (IRWNLLS) algorithm to incorporate Rician statistics, impose constraints on the residue function and optimize for tracer arrival delay. The algorithm is implemented on a voxel-by-voxel basis and cerebral maps for the hemodynamic parameters flow, volume and mean transit time are presented. In addition, an automatic segmentation technique which takes into account both spatial and temporal variation is presented. This segmentation technique is shape driven, choosing only voxels that correlate highly with a well-known arterial input function template.


Ti-containing micro-alloyed steels are often alloyed with molybdenum (Mo) to reduce nano-precipitate coarsening, although the mechanism is still disputed. Using small angle neutron scattering we characterised the precipitate composition and coarsening of Ti-alloyed and Ti-Mo-alloyed steels. The results demonstrate ~25 at.% of Ti is substituted by Mo in the (Ti, Mo)C precipitates, increasing both the precipitate volume percent and average size. Mo alloying did not retard precipitation coarsening, but improved lattice misfit between precipitate and matrix, contributing to better aging resistance of the Ti-Mo-alloyed steel. This new understanding opens opportunities for designing aging-resistant micro-alloyed steels with lean alloying elements.


Abstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate the completeness and agreement between data obtained from the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) and hospital records for high neonatal risk situations. Using RecLink III software, a probabilistic data linkage was carried out using databases from a Public Health Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and SINASC (years 2005-2006), which made possible the analysis of data from 170 live births with very low birth weight (between 500g and 1,499g), present at both databases. Variables evaluated were: maternal age, number of antenatal care vi-sits, delivery type, sex, birth weight, Apgar score at 1 st and 5 th minutes and gestational age. Completeness in SINASC varied from 91.8% (1 st minute Apgar Score) to 100% (va -riables sex, delivery type and maternal age). To evaluate agreement, kappa coefficient was used for dichotomous variables, wei-ghted kappa was used for ordinal variables and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman graphic approach were used for continuous variables. Agreement was considered good to excellent for 1


This paper examines first the racial composition of population growth in 75 Midwestern counties that have experienced substantial inmigration and concludes that the inmigrant stream is predominantly white. Second the paper examines the reasons for migration given by a sample of urban-to-rural migrants to those counties. In absence of frequent reference to race as an issue by migrants who give anti-urban reasons for moving the paper ends by suggesting some means of exploring the hypothesis that racial aversion is implicated in the new migration to rural areas. (EXCERPT)


The article analyzes the concept sphere of political communicativistics as a branch of political science. Special attention is paid to such concepts as "political media discourse" and "the mediatization of politics". Political media discourse is treated as a resource of power operating in communicative media-political environment and generating virtual political products. The authors examine the main features of the news media discourse, the discourse of modern information warfare and isolated features and forms of political fake-discourse. According to the authors, the concept of mediatization of politics contains wide range of semantic designations of the process. Their intention is to remove the real political life into the symbolic space of the media. The analysis of the concept of mediatization of politics is made through the consideration of such concepts as "smart mob", "soft power", "network technology", "social networking". The authors insist that social networks are part of media space where the nonviolent, "soft" mechanisms of influence over the political mood of the masses are formed and efficiently operate, and the process of programming systems of value orientations of the general population takes place. It is noted that presently network technologies becomes a tool of forming a new political subject and is a driving force of social and other revolutions.


In this paper we document our work that extends the nevergrad platform by adding a real-world benchmark at the intersection of computer vision and graphics: 3D Performance Capture. Detailed documentation can be found at vcl3d.github.io/nevergrad/


Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of periodontal disease(s) and the associated bacteria among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with different immunosuppressive drugs.Methods: Patients aged 18 – 65 years who had a 6-month history of RA, and were diagnosed as per the American College of Rheumatology and European League against Rheumatism, were included in the study. Supragingival plaque was removed by dentists. Using sterile paper strips, sub-gingival biofilm samples were collected from 5 of the deepest periodontal pockets. The samples were sent to pathologists for assessment. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out on them. Detection thresholds were >102 for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, while the detection threshold for Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia,  Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Eubacterium nodatum, Eikenellacorrodens, and Capnocytophaga species was 103.Results: There was a higher number of patients with bleeding-on-probing amongst cohorts who received a combination of methotrexate and tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist than in those given leflunomide only (52 vs. 29, p = 0.041, q = 3.064), or methotrexate + rituximab (52 vs. 30, p = 0.041, q = 3.131, Fig. 1). Papilla bleeding index was lowest in patients who were treated with leflunomide. Almost all patients had dental infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum.Conclusion: These results indicate that treatment of RA with methotrexate results in periodontal inflammation.


Ideal realm for translation ought to be "free in creation but not out of rules", in other words, in a condition balanced well between subject and object. A translator needs to promote his comprehensive quality and completely make his subjective effort to realize his translating plan in line with those translating laws.


*Corresponding author: Fax: +390815569693; email: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Dermoscopy (dermatoscopy, epiluminescence microscopy) is a non-invasive diagnostic technique for the in vivo observation of pigmented skin lesions (PSLs). This diagnostic tool permits the recognition of morphological structures not visible to the naked eye, thereby providing a new dimension to the analysis of the clinical morphologic features of PSLs. Due to the difficulty and variability of human interpretation, computerized analysis of dermoscopy images has become an important area of research and Numerous systems designed to provide computer-aided analysis of digital images have recently been reported in literature. Contentbased image retrieval systems (CBIR) technology exploits the visual content in image data. It proposes to benefit the management of increasingly large biomedical image collections as well as to aid clinical medicine, research and education. The goal of this article is to describe the application of CBIR systems for dermoscopic images, describing in detail the FIDE model created in our laboratory. FIDE's function is to document the image analysis side of the diagnostic process, focusing on accompanying and aiding it, and on providing efficient digital atlas navigation by providing precision (cases most similar to the one under analysis) and clarifying context (similar cases in different categories). The FIDE system is effective in retrieving PSL images with known pathology visually similar to the image under evaluation, giving a valuable and intuitive aid to the clinician in the decision making process. FIDE represents, indeed, the first CBIR system successfully applied to dermoscopic images. The real impact of this system in clinical practice will be revealed only by its application in a wide clinical setting.


The present study examined the effect of agricultural bank credit on the productivity of production factors in the agricultural sector over the period 1971-2012 using the Auto Regression pattern with wide interruptions. Solow residual model has been used to calculate the growth rate of total factor productivity of agricultural sector. The results showed that credit variable in the both long-term and short-term has a positive effect on total production factors productivity in the agricultural sectors of Iran. Therefore, an increase in credits granted to the agricultural sector has caused to enhance the growth of these sectors and increase total productivity of production factors in the agricultural sector. The effect of energy consumption, exports of agricultural sector, research and development expenditures in the agricultural sector are also positive on total productivity of production factor in the short and long term. But, in the long run, impact of liquidity and oil income on total productivity production factor in the agricultural sector is negative. Therefore, planning in this regard is important.


We present a brief and informal account on the so-called Bohr's absolute convergence problem on Dirichlet series, from its statement and solution in the beginnings of the 20th century to some of its recent variations.


In recent years, atlanto-axial transarticular screw fixation performed as described by Magerl for atlanto-axial subluxation has been popular because of its excellent biomechanical stability. However, there is a risk of vertebral artery injury with placement of transarticular screws.Twelve patients (age range: 18 to 72 years, mean: 60 years) underwent surgery as described by Magerl & Brooks for reducible atlanto-axial subluxation. Four were men and eight were women. Computed tomography (CT) was performed after surgery. We evaluated the position of the transarticular screw by means of sagittal reconstruction CT images. There was no screw that deviated from the C2 isthmus and had been placed incorrectly in the spinal canal. One screw (4.2%) passed through the C2 isthmus and bordered on the foramen of the transverse process. The screw angle measured between a line through the axis of the screw and the mid-sagittal line was -3-13 degrees. The screw length projected out of the C1 lateral mass was -3.6-10.8mm. There was no complication such as vertebral artery injury during screw insertion.Because of translational or rotational atlanto-axial subluxation, presurgical computed tomographic scans with sagittal reconstruction may provide information necessary to perform transarticular screw fixation safely.


In this research, ZrC nano particles were synthesized by self-propagating high temperature (SHS) using the mixed powder of ZrO2-C-Mg and NaF or NaCl diluent. The effect of different proportions of raw materials, milling time, composition * یکینورتکلا تسپ ،تابتاکم لوئسم : email@example.com D ow nl oa de d fr om ja m e. iu t.a c. ir at 6 :4 5 IR S T o n S un da y D ec em be r 30 th 2 01 8


The various relationships between the state and the school affect directly the types of university organization structures, and thereby bring about various identities of university teachers. The history of China's higher education shows that the school organization type has evolved from officialdom to theatre and then to unit. As a result, teachers' identity has evolved from learning officer to scholar and then to cadre. To reform the type of organization should be the main content of China's higher education in the future.


The isotope separation program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) prepares and distributes electromagnetically enriched stable isotopes to the worldwide scientific community. Among the topics discussed in the present paper are the methods of enriching isotopes, the limitations that apply to the quantity and final assay of the separation products, and a generalized production flowsheet indicating the capability of the facility. A brief description of each of the production steps, from the selection and preparation of initial feedstock to the recovery and distribution of the isotopically enriched material, is presented. The future of the facility, the continued supply of enriched isotopes, and the response of the program to new and changing requirements are emphasized.


To make fault diagnosis of grounding grids with touchable nodes deviation,the testability of diagnosis directly on the exact grounding grid and on the mirror grounding grid are evaluated by using the theory of hierarchical simplification.A Tabu search based fault approach is put forward to reduce the influence of touchable nodes deviation.Four modes of diagnosis are suggested.An experimental grounding grid with sixty branches is used as an example to illustrate the proposed approach.The results show that the diagnosis directly on the exact grounding grid may obtain a higher clear branch ratio but its amount of test work is very large and that the proposed correction approach is feasible.It also shows that the hybrid method to combine the diagnosis on the exact grounding grid with the correction approach on the mirror grid may further improve the clear branch ratio.


For the dads in your practice and the dads in your life, check out the slideshow to the left for five great products to consider recommending to keep their smiles healthy and handsome.


Zinc ferrite is a leading regenerable sorbent candidate for high- temperature desulfurization of coal gasifier gases. 3/16'' extrudates of a particular zinc ferrite (T-2465) were subjected to two multicycle tests (Test 1 and Test 2) in a high pressure high-temperature bench-scale fixed-bed reactor. In both tests, simulated KRW gasifier gases were used for sulfidation. In Test 1, the sorbent was mixed with 5 weight percent coal char fines elutriated from the KRW gasifier prior to the testing. The simulated gas for this test contained 15 volume percent steam. In Test 2, the sorbent was tested without fines but in the presence of a simulated gas containing only 5 volume percent steam. Over 15 cycles during Test 1 and 5 cycles during Test 2, the sorbent consistently reduced the hydrogen sulfide (H/sub 2/S) concentration to less than 5 ppmv and exhibited no downward trend in sulfur adsorption capacity. However, the sorbent extrudates underwent considerable reduction in strength during both tests. During Test 1, crush strength of the sorbent declined from 4.1 lb/mm to 1.3 lb/mm and some decrepitation occurred. Decrepitation and strength reduction were much more severe during Test 2 as only 30% of the sorbent extrudates remained intact after 5more » cycles. Carbon formation followed by sorbent-carbon interaction is believed to be the primary cause of the strength reduction. 5 refs., 9 figs., 15 tabs.« less


The invention relates to an intelligent solar water heater, and belongs to the technical field of solar heat utilization. The intelligent solar water heater consists of a water storage box, a solar heat collecting tube nest, an all-weather intelligent core and a mounting support. The water storage box and the solar heat collecting tube nest are mounted outdoors. The intelligent solar water heater is characterized in that the all-weather intelligent core is mounted indoors. The all-weather intelligent core is provided with a processor and a water temperature and water level display device which is connected with the processor, and the display device is arranged on a panel of the all-weather intelligent core; the all-weather intelligent core has a spring running mode, a summer running mode, an autumn running mode and a winter running mode, mode switching keys are arranged on the panel of the all-weather intelligent core, and manual control function keys are arranged on the peripheries of the mode switching keys. By the four season modes of an intelligent terminal, purposes of timed and quantitative water feeding, water temperature constancy and anti-freezing treatment are realized, hot water is ensured to be supplied for people all the day, more than 50% of electric energy is saved, and use is quite convenient.


ABSTRACT Existing studies have not been able to take the role of hope in processes of transitional justice (TJ) into account, as they focus on how TJ changes institutions and the relationships between individuals and therefore conclude that failed processes of TJ have no effect. In contrast to this approach, a different understanding of power as productive helps to understand how TJ-instruments create hope and which effects this has on how people conceive of themselves and the world they live in. A framework for analysing such processes is introduced that brings together individual meaning-making of hope and hopelessness with the role of the state in the provision of hope in the context of uncertainty. Transitional justice is therefore discussed as a performative project that aims at triggering specific emotions among the persons taking part in it and the broader society and at creating a vision of a better future based on social equality through the protection and fulfilment of human rights. By applying this framework to the case of the Sierra Leone truth and reconciliation commission and the reparations programme, it is argued that hope had a mobilizing as well as a disciplining function in these instruments. The promise of support mobilized victims to provide statements to the truth commission, and therefore enabled the commission to work in the first place. However, it failed in its attempt to discipline victims in their feelings about the past violence. The reparations programme constituted the embodiment of these promises, but victims interpreted its inadequate benefits and bad management as a proof that the state still does not care for them and competition over benefits is the norm despite their entitlement to support. This experience destroyed the hopes of many victims and created social envy among them, preventing the development of solidarity among victims and the chance for resistance against this policy.


mTOR inhibitors avoid calcineurin nephrotoxicity, but sirolimus de novo is associated with unacceptable side effects and higher rejection rates. We have investigated a modified strategy: alemtuzumab induction with tacrolimus and mycophenolate maintenance, switching from tacrolimus to sirolimus at 6 months and stopping mycophenolate at 12 months. Here, we report the 6‐year follow‐up of 30 patients prospectively recruited to this single‐arm pilot study and compare outcomes to a matched contemporaneous control group of 30 patients who received standard induction and calcineurin‐inhibitor‐based immunosuppression. Six‐year patient and graft survival were 83% and 80% (alemtuzumab) versus 77% and 70% (control). Rejection rates in the first 6 months were similar in alemtuzumab (6.6%) and control groups (10%). A higher than expected incidence of rejection in the alemtuzumab group following cessation of mycophenolate at 1 year (17%) was mitigated in later patients by retaining low dose mycophenolate. Mean eGFR was higher in the alemtuzumab group at all time points but not significantly (p = 0.16). Tacrolimus levels in the first 6 months were significantly higher in the contemporaneous control group (p < 0.001). Alemtuzumab induction with initial treatment with tacrolimus enables conversion to sirolimus without the side effects and incidence of acute rejection seen in earlier protocols.


A simplified method for evaluating the undrained shear behavior of Ko-consolidated cohesive soils has previously been proposed. This method combined derived soil parameters proposed by KAMEI, and the elasto-viscoplastic model proposed by SEKIGUCHI and OHTA. For several strain-controlled undrained triaxial tests of Ko-consolidated cohesive soils, reasonable agreements have already been obtained between observed and computed results.To confirm the applicability of the proposed method for practical problems in geotechnical engineering, simplified deformation analysis with idealized assumptions for deep clay foundation under embankment has been carried out. The model simulations are compared with the well-documented case history of the Kanda trial embankment. Reasonable agreement is obtained between measured and computed values for settlement and excess pore pressure with elapsed time. The principles of the proposed method are useful for evaluating deformation characteristics for foundation under embankment. Future refinements will be possible with the acquisition of additional data.


Background: Acinetobacter is a rare but important cause of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. As the complication has not been comprehensively evaluated previously, the present study examined the outcomes of Acinetobacter peritonitis in a large, national cohort of PD patients. Methods: The study included all episodes of peritonitis in Australia from January 2004 to December 2014 using Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA) data. The primary outcome was peritonitis cure and secondary outcomes were catheter removal, hemodialysis transfer, recurrent/relapsing peritonitis, peritonitis-related hospitalization, and death. Outcomes were compared using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Overall, 5,367 patients experienced 11,122 episodes of peritonitis across 51 centers in Australia. Of these, 228 (4.2%) patients experienced 253 (2.3%) episodes of Acinetobacter peritonitis (176 episodes were due to Acinetobacter alone and 77 involved co-infection with other organisms). Of the 176 solitary Acinetobacter episodes, 131(74%) achieved cure with antibiotics alone. Compared with Acinetobacter, significantly lower odds of peritonitis cure were observed for Pseudomonas (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16 – 0.36), other gram-negative organisms (AOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.37 – 0.77), fungi (AOR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01 – 0.03), and polymicrobial organisms (AOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.25 – 0.51), whilst similar odds of cure were observed for Staphylococcus (AOR 0.73, 95% CI 0.50 – 1.06), other gram-positive organisms (AOR 1.32,95% CI 0.93 – 1.89), culture-negative (AOR 1.19, 95% CI 0.82 –1.71), and other organisms (AOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.49 – 1.07). The odds of catheter removal and hemodialysis transfer were higher with Pseudomonas, other gram-negative, fungal, and polymicrobial peritonitis than with Acinetobacter peritonitis. The odds of death were also higher with Pseudomonas and fungal peritonitis than with Acinetobacter peritonitis. Treatment of Acinetobacter peritonitis with gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, or ceftazidime achieved comparable outcomes. Conclusions: Outcomes of Acinetobacter peritonitis were favorable compared with most other forms of organism-specific peritonitis. Commonly used antibiotics covering gram-negative bacteria achieved comparable outcomes in Acinetobacter peritonitis.


Abstract : There has been considerable world wide research on DTV/HDTV systems. However, the bulk of this work has been concerned with source coding/video compression issues. Only recently has it become apparent that equally important are the transmission issues associated with the design and implementation of appropriate modulation/coding schemes. Indeed, the success of future DTV/HDTV systems will require a judicious combination of efficient video compression techniques together with bandwidth and energy efficient modulation/coding techniques. This report deals primarily with these issues.


In the dynamics of open quantum systems, the interaction with the external environment usually leads to a contraction of the set of reachable states for the system as time increases, eventually shrinking to a single stationary point. In this contribution we describe to what extent it is possible to modify this asymptotic state by means of indirect control, that is by using an auxiliary system coupled to the target system in order to affect its dynamics, when there is a purely dissipative coupling between the two systems. We prove that, also in this restrictive case, it is possible to modify the asymptotic state of the relevant system, give necessary conditions for that and provide physical examples. Therefore, in indirect control schemes, the environmental action has not only a negative impact on the dynamics of a system, it is rather possible to make use of it for control purposes.


The imaging quality of seeker in flight mode has been evaluated through analyzing the effects of missile flutter on optical modulation transfer function (MTF) of the optical system. Firstly the data of transverse vibration has been processed to eliminate the trend term caused by the trajectory, then obtained the displacement with two times trapezoidal integration. For the side rotation, the high frequency noise interference in the data has been filtered by using five-point moving average method. Took this model as the quivering rule between the object and the image, and then analyzed the effects of the transverse vibration and the side rotation on imaging quality through MTF. By calculation, the r.m.s value of the image motion caused by missile transverse vibration is 0.026mm, and the side rotation angle is 0.0044 °. Through the establishment of two modulation transfer functions (MTF) of image random vibration and linear vibration, the results show that the image quality had declined, and the effect of transverse vibration on image quality is obvious. Through improving the rigidity of the missile and selection of small focal length optical system and shorten the time of exposure can improve the imaging quality of the seeker.


This study examined some of the factors that influence students' transition from Ontario high school chemistry to university introductory chemistry. The study was a mixed-methods, multi-phase research study carried out by an undergraduate honours thesis student who had experienced some of these transition issues. Students' transition into chemistry was reported to be more difficult than their overall transition into university, including their academic transition; they thus appeared to experience a "transition within a transition."  Students identified testing, curricular experience, and the amount of independent work as the principal areas of misalignment between their high school and university chemistry experiences. In exploring the use of support resources, students reported that there were sufficient resource opportunities but typically did not avail themselves of one-on-one interactions. Analysis of the data has led to recommendations for the instructional team for Introductory Chemistry at McMaster University.


A new treatment of has been proposed for improving its electrochemical behavior as a cathode material for secondary lithium batteries. Lithium trivanadate, , can be prepared in a finely dispersed form by dehydration of aqueous lithium trivanadate gels. The ultrasonic treatment method for Liv30s has been examined in comparison with prepared by solutionmethod. The ultrasonically treated products in water were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffractometry), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). These measurements showed that the ultrasonic treatment process of aqueous caused a decrease in crytallinity and considerable increased in specific surface area and interlayer spacing. The product, ultrasonically treated in water for 2 h, showed a high initial discharge capacity and was charge-discharge cycled without large capacity loss. The ultrasonic treated Liv30s can improve not only the specific capacity, but also the cycling behavior