In this work a class of finite volume schemes is proposed to numerically solve equations involving propagating fronts. They fall into the class of Hamilton-Jacobi equations. Finite volume schemes based on staggered grids, and initially developed to compute fluid flows, are adapted to the G-equation, using the Hamilton-Jacobi theoretical framework. The designed scheme has a maximum principle property and is consistent an monotonous on Cartesian grids. A convergence property is then obtained for the scheme on Cartesian grids and numerical experiments evidence the convergence of the scheme on more general meshes.


www.cpd-associates .com COLLABORATIVE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATES, LLC 44 Summit Road, Suite 101 • Riverside, CT 06878 (800) 573-4756 • (203) 698-9323 Sizing Up the Challenge Confronting Product Development The full range of requirements often swamps product development. An Aerospace program on average will start with several thousand customer requirements at the system level, hundreds of thousands at the lowest level of definition for the components, and an equivalent number of verification items and tests. In a perfect world, those cascading requirements and their related information would be defined once and used for the duration of the project.


Laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) of the ileocecal valve with an extension of the adenoma in the ileum remain challenging for the endoscopist despite the development of colonic endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The ileocecal valve is considered to be one of the most difficult locations for ESD because of poor maneuverability of the scope. Surgery remains common [1]. Here we present a new technique developed to better expose the ileocecal valve and facilitate R0 en bloc resection of ileocecal LSTs (▶Video 1). Two cases are presented here. The first patient was a 75-year-old man referred for endoscopic resection of a 30-mm nongranular LST. Positioning was difficult owing to cecum recurvatum and an omega loop of the sigmoid colon due to obesity. The second was a 68-year-old man with a granular-homogeneous LST. In the latter patient, ileal intubation was easy, but the lesion occupied two-thirds of the circumference of the distal ileum, hampering visualization of the margins of the adenoma. In order to open and sufficiently widen the ileocecal valve, we set up two systems of countertraction using a double clip and rubber band on the lips of the valve. The resections were performed by ESD with the DualKnife J (Olympus Surgical Technologies America, Southborough, Massachusetts, USA) and submucosal injection with a glycerol solution. Opening up the ileocecal valve allowed us to clearly delimit the lesions and achieve a healthy margin. R0 en bloc resection was done in both cases. Specimen 1 was a low-grade tubular adenoma, 45mm×31mm in size, and the duration of the procedure was 31min. Specimen 2 was an adenoma with intramucosal adenocarcinoma, 82mm×66mm with an ileal extension of 52 mm; the duration of the procedure was 101min. Opening up the ileocecal valve by countertraction using a double clip and rubber band is simple and reproducible. This technique seems useful for facilitating R0 en bloc resection of LSTs with an adenomatous extension in the distal ileum. A multicentric prospective series is ongoing.


Article gives an outline of urban transportation and issues in India and it will focus on essentially centers around those spaces that are significant according to a strategy perspective and will be explaining the patterns of vehicular development and accessibility of transport. Indian urban areas ought to be planned as multimodal Transportation which diminishes the need of customized modes and lifts public vehicle framework and increase urged to walk and cycle which requires administration measures.


BACKGROUND: The adenosine 2a receptor (A 2a ) has been identified as an important non-dopaminergic target for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Preladenant is an A 2a antagonist that was studied as a potential treatment for PD. On the basis of a positive phase-2b dose-response, adjunctive therapy study, a phase-3 development program was initiated. We report here results from a phase-3 trial which evaluated preladenant given as monotherapy.
 DESIGN/METHODS: This was a randomized, 52-week, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group, multi-center, double-blind trial conducted in 2 parts of 26-weeks each in adults diagnosed with PD for less than 5 years who were not yet receiving L-Dopa or dopamine agonists. Patients with a Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part 3 (motor function) score of at least 10 were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to preladenant 2mg, 5mg, or 10mg twice-daily, rasagiline 1mg (active-control) once-daily, or placebo. Patients treated with placebo in part-1 were switched to preladenant 5mg twice-daily in part-2. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline at Week-26 in the sum of UPDRS Parts 2 (activities of daily living) and 3 (motor function) scores (UPDRS 2+3 ). RESULTS: The number of patients treated was 1007. Neither preladenant nor rasagiline was superior to placebo after 26-weeks. The differences versus placebo [95% CI] in UPDRS 2+3 scores were: preladenant 2mg = 2.60 [0.86,4.30], preladenant 5mg = 1.30 [-0.41,2.94], preladenant 10mg = 0.40 [-1.29, 2.11], rasagiline 1mg = 0.30 [-1.35,2.03]. Post-hoc analyses did not identify a single causal factor that could explain the finding of a failed trial. Preladenant was generally well-tolerated with few patients discontinuing due to adverse events (preladenant = 7%, rasagiline = 3%, placebo = 4%).
 CONCLUSIONS: No evidence supporting the efficacy of preladenant as monotherapy was observed in this phase-3 trial. However, the lack of efficacy of the active-control rasagiline makes it difficult to interpret the results of the trial.
 Study Supported by: Merck Disclosure: Dr. Stocchi has received personal compensation for activities with Teva Neuroscience, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Lundbeck, Schering-Plough Corp., Impax, Merck Serono, UCB Pharma. Dr. Stocchi has received research support from Novartis and GlaxoSmithKline Inc. Dr. Rascol has received personal compensation for activities with GlaxoSmithKline, Inc., UCB Pharma, Teva Neuroscience, Lundbeck Research USA, Abbott Laboratories Inc. and Novartis as a participant and/or consultant. Dr. Rascol has received research support from Lundbeck Research USA and UCB Pharma. Dr. Hauser has received personal compensation for activities with Abbott Laboratories, Allergan, Inc., AstraZeneca, Biotie Therapeutics Inc., Ceregene, Inc., Chelsea Therapeutics, Inc., GE Healthcare, Impax Laboratories, Inc., Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Lundbeck, Merck/MSD, Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Strakan Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Hauser has received royalty, or license fee, or contractual rights payments from University of South Florida. Dr. Hauser has received research support from Abbott Laboratories, Addex Therapeutics, Allergan, Inc., AstraZeneca, Biotie Therapeutics Inc., Chelsea Therapeutics, Inc., GE Healthcare, and Impax Laboratories. Dr. Huyck has received personal compensation for activities with Merck & Co. Inc. Dr. Huck has received research support from Merck & Co., Inc. Dr. Tzontcheva has received personal compensation for activities with Merck & Co., Inc. as an employee. Dr. Tzontcheva has received research support from Merck & Co., Inc. Dr. Capece has received personal compensation for activities with Merck & Co., Inc. as an employee. Dr. Capece holds stock and/or stock options in Merck & Co., Inc. Dr. Wolski has received personal compensation for activities with Merck & Co., Inc. as an employee. Dr. Wolski holds stock and/or stock options in Merck & Co., Inc. Dr. Ho has received personal compensation for activities with Merck & Co. Inc., as an employee. Dr. Sklar has received personal compensation for activities with Merck & Co. Inc. as an employee. Dr. Sklar holds stock and/or stock options in Merck & Co. Inc. Dr. Lines has received personal compensation for activities with Merck & Co., Inc. as an employee. Dr. Lines holds stock and/or stock options in Merck & Co., Inc. Dr. Michelson has received personal compensation for activities with Merck & Co., Inc. as an employee. Dr. Michelson holds stock and/or stock options with Merck & Co. Inc. Dr. Hewitt has received personal compensation for activities with Merck & Co., Inc. Dr. Hewitt holds stock and/or stock options in Merck & Co. Inc.


An exposure method and apparatus for efficiently controlling the non rotationally symmetrical component of the image-forming characteristic when the distribution of the amount of exposure light passing through a mask and at least a part of the optical members of the projection optical system is in a non rotational symmetry. A reticle (11) is illuminated with an exposure light (IL) from an illuminating optical system, and the pattern of the reticle (11) is projected onto a wafer (18) through a projection optical system (14). When the reticle (11) is illuminated with the exposure light (IL) by dipole illumination in the X-direction, the region defined by rotating the region illuminated with the exposure light (IL) through about 90° with respect to a lens (32) near the pupil of the projection optical system (14) is partially illuminated with a non-exposure light (LB) from a non-exposure light illuminating mechanism (40). The wavelength band of the non-exposure light (LB) is different from that of the exposure light (IL).


Abstract : American merchant ships and mariners trace their origins to the very inception of the United States, having played major roles in transforming a fledgling nation into a global power. As America has fought her wars, strategic sealift has been crucial in moving equipment and supplies to the foreign shores where Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen and Marines have fought and continue to fight the Nation's battles. This paper examines the Nation's predisposed and historic assumption of a link between U.S. National Security and maintaining a U.S. flag merchant marine fleet in today's globalized shipping environment, where lower cost foreign flag registries of convenience dominate the industry and which policy tools are best suited to meet our commercially owned strategic sealift requirements.


Legume compatibility, the ability of a forage grass genotype to persist in a legume mixture without losing the legume stand, is needed in genetic materials intended for use in perennial grass-legume mixtures, but limited information exists about appropriate selection criteria for forage grass compatibility with legumes. Data on nine agronomic and morphological traits of 14 reed canarygrass (L.) clones grown alone were used to explain their compatibility with alfalfa (L.) or with birdsfoot trefoil (L.) in binary mixtures subjected to a hay management. A second objective was to choose traits to use as components of a selection index for legume compatibility. Data on the nine traits of the 14 clones grown alone were summarized by principal component analysis. The nine first principal components were then reorganized into three uncorrelated factors, each of which described a different combination of principal components. Clones with high Factor I scores exhibited some combination of high dry-matter yield (DMY), high tiller weight, early maturity, and height. Clones with high Factor 2 scores exhibited some combination of high DMY, high tiller density, high leaf area per ground area, and low rhizomatous spreading ability. Clones with high Factor 3 scores exhibited some combination of high specific leaf weight, low leaf area per ground area, and erectness of leaves. Factors 1 and 2 were equally important in describing the variability among the 14 clones, and Factor 3 was about 30% less important. Factors 1 and 2 often explained variability for reed canarygrass DMY and legume concentration in alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil mixtures, but Factor 3 was never significant (> 0.10). Selection on a spaced-plant basis for higher DMY, early maturity, increased height, higher tiller density, and lower rhizomatous spreading ability should improve the legume compatibility of reed canarygrass in legume-dominated stands managed for hay production.


In language that is understandable to non-economists, this work introduces readers to the interrelationship of politics and economics in America - how economics influences public policy and how public policy can impact the economy. Readers learn how the U.S. economy works (domestically and in its global connectedness), how to measure economic performance, how government intervenes in the market to influence economic performance and redistribute resources, and how policymakers act to protect the public interest in an economic system based on private interests. The author provides historical background for contemporary problems. He explains basic economic and policymaking concepts in an issue-relevant context, with concrete examples inspired by ongoing policy debates in Washington regarding production and employment, commodity prices, Social Security and Medicare, budget deficits, national debt, trade deficits, and more.


Snyder et al. [1963] have shown that the velocity of the solar wind is correlated with the intensity of surface magnetic disturbances. They presented their data from Mariner 2 as a plot of the daily average velocity of the solar wind against the daily sum of Kp. Maer and Dessler [1964] pointed out that the data as presented by Snyder and co-workers deviated from the straight line least-squares fit for high values of ΣKp. They replotted the data in the form of velocity versus Ap and presented a new straight line least-squares fit.


1. Heaney RP, Rafferty K, Davies KM 2005 Letter re: Long-term persistence of the urine calcium-lowering effect of potassium bicarbonate in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:4417 2. Frassetto L, Morris Jr RC, Sebastian A 2005 Long-term persistence of the urine calcium-lowering effect of potassium bicarbonate in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:831–834 3. Rafferty K, Davies KM, Heaney RP 2005 Potassium intake and the calcium economy. J Am Coll Nutr 24:99–106 4. New SA, Bolton-Smith C, Grubb DA, Reid DM 1997 Nutritional influences on bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study in premenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 65:1831–1839 5. New SA, Robins SP, Campbell MK, Martin JC, Garton MJ, Bolton-Smith C, Grubb DA, Lee SJ, Reid DM 2000 Dietary influences on bone mass and bone metabolism: further evidence of a positive link between fruit and vegetable consumption and bone health? Am J Clin Nutr 71:142–151 6. Tucker KL, Hannan MT, Chen H, Cupples LA, Wilson PWF, Kiel DP 1999 Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 69:727–736 7. Sebastian A, Harris ST, Ottaway JH, Todd KM, Morris Jr RC 1994 Improved mineral balance and skeletal metabolism in postmenopausal women treated with potassium bicarbonate. N Engl J Med 330:1776–1781 8. Lemann Jr J, Gray RW, Pleuss JA 1989 Potassium bicarbonate, but not sodium bicarbonate, reduces urinary calcium excretion and improves calcium balance in healthy men. Kidney Int 35:688–695 9. Marangella M, Di Stefano M, Casalis S, Berutti S, D'Amelio P, Isaia GC 2004 Effects of potassium citrate supplementation on bone metabolism. Calcif Tissue Int 74:330–335 10. Sellmeyer DE, Schloetter M, Sebastian A 2002 Potassium citrate prevents increased urine calcium excretion and bone resorption induced by a high sodium chloride diet. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:2008–2012 11. Pak CY, Peterson RD, Poindexter J 2002 Prevention of spinal bone loss by potassium citrate in cases of calcium urolithiasis. J Urol 168:31–34


See releated articles, pp 2653, 2654, 2660, 2671

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common atrial arrhythmia, affecting ≈1% of the US population.1 This estimate may understate its true burden, given that a high proportion of patients have subclinical AF. The prevalence of AF increases with age,1,2 and given an aging population, the projected prevalence of AF in the United States is at least 5.6 million by the year 2050.2

AF is associated with increased risk of stroke or systemic embolism3 and death.4 The heightened thromboembolic risk seen in AF is substantially reduced by anticoagulation.5 On the contrary, long-term anticoagulation can also lead to hemorrhagic complications. The recommended approach to making decisions about anticoagulant therapy in AF is to balance the expected risks of stroke versus bleeding. In this article, we review the widely used clinical methods for predicting stroke risk in AF and augment this discussion with an overview of more recent risk predictors beyond conventional clinical scores.

### Risk Factors

Several studies have reported risk factors for stroke in patients with AF. A pooled analysis of 5 trials with 5956 patient-years of follow-up found that independent risk factors for ischemic stroke were age (relative risk [RR] per 10 years, 1.4), prior stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA; RR, 2.5), hypertension (RR, 1.8), diabetes mellitus (RR, 1.7), and congestive heart failure (RR, 1.4).6 In patients 75 years of age with one or more of these risk factors, the annual stroke rate was 8.1% (95% CI, 4.7%–13.9%).6 Another systematic review, including 7 studies with >12 000 patients, identified the …


In this study, functionality of Gryllusbimaculatus (GB) fermented by Bacillus and Lactobacillus strain was investigated. GB was fermented by each of the following strains: probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MKSK-J1 (SKGB), probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum MKHA15 (HAGB), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MKSE (SEGB), and Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC 3103 (LPGB). Fermentation was carried out at 35 °C for 24 h. In HAGB, complete inhibition of α-glucosidase and 3-hydroxy-methyl glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase occurred (101.94% and 120.89%, respectively), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity (IC50) was significantly low (22.37 mg/mL). After in vitro digestion, SOD-like activity was the highest in HAGB (21.18%). In SKGB, reducing power (EC50) was significantly low (0.29 mg/mL). After in vitro digestion, the reducing was also highest in SKGB (86.06%). Fermentation enhanced the bioactivity of GB; in particular, MKHA15 was found to have great potential as a starter in the production of fermented GB, as it would offer multi-health functions, including antidiabetic, anticholesterol, and antioxidant activity.


PURPOSE: An apparatus for preparing graphene is provided to ensure easy physisorption and to reduce deposition time. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus(1) for preparing graphene comprises a step forming chamber(10) and a deposition chamber(20). The step forming chamber forms a step structure on a catalytic substrate. The step forming chamber comprises a first heating unit(11) and a first nozzle(12). The deposition chamber comprises a second heating unit(21) and a second nozzle(22). The second nozzle supplies hydrocarbon gas to the catalytic substrate. [Reference numerals] (110) Step gas tank; (120) Reconstruction gas tank; (130) Hydrocarbon tank; (140) Hydrogen tank; (15) First pre-heating unit; (25) Second pre-heating unit; (26) Cooling unit; (30) Uncoiler; (40) Coiler


A possible solution to this problem was suggested by Kelley in [3, p. 208], where he conjectured that if X is topologicallv complete, plus another condition, then X is paracompact. This conjecture was shown by Isaac Namioka to be false. However, in the theorem proved below it will be seen that a property very similar to topological completeness is successful in this role. In fact X is paracompact if and only if X admits a uniformity under which every filter satisfying a Cauchy-like condition has a cluster point.


In this paper, an energy-based controller is proposed in the context of humanoid gait design and humanoid fall avoidance applications. The proposed energy-based controller aims at not only reaching the desired final state but also at tracking a desired reference trajectory with minimal energy expenditure. The controller is validated on two nonlinear systems, an inverted pendulum with a fixed pivot and an inverted pendulum with a moving pivot. The results are benchmarked against a tuned traditional PID controller as well as the controlled Lagrangian approach. The performance improvements in terms of energy efficiency and work expenditure are validated through both simulations and experiments on an actual system. Finally, the novel energy-based control strategy is applied to the fall avoidance problem on a NAO humanoid robot where it was simulated in Webots.


We address in this paper the derivation and analysis of the outage spectral efficiencies achievable with linear multiuser receivers over randomly-spread multipath fading time-varying coded-CDMA channels. The basis of the derivations is the use of non-asymptotic average eigenvalue densities of random crosscorrelation matrices. The analyses give important clues on the achievable capacity with linear multiuser receivers under non-ergodic transmission situations.


GSDII is caused by deficiency of the enzyme acid α‐glucosidase (GAA) and results in systemic glycogen accumulation. Respiratory deficits that accompany GSDII have been attributed to diaphragmatic muscle weakness. However, case reports suggest that motoneuron pathology is present in GSDII. Thus, we hypothesized that respiratory neural control is impaired in mice lacking GAA (Gaa−/−). Using plethysmography, breathing was quantified in Gaa−/− mice and age/gender matched controls (B6/129; Gaa−/−background strain). During quiet breathing, minute ventilation (mL/min) was attenuated (n=8/group, p<0.001) in Gaa−/− (43±4) vs. control mice (60±6). Phrenic motor output was assessed via nerve recordings in anesthetized, paralyzed, ventilated mice. Preliminary data suggest that phrenic inspiratory burst amplitude is lower (p<0.001) in Gaa−/− (0.2 ± 0.0 mV, PaCO2 = 51.5 ± 1.4 mmHg, n=3) vs. controls (15.4 ± 4.9 mV, PaCO2 = 54.5 ± 1.5 mmHg, n=2). Glycogen accumulation was quantified in the spinal segments containing phrenic motoneurons (C3‐C5) via the acid hydrolysis method. Glycogen (μg/mg wet wt) was elevated (n=6/group, p<0.001) in Gaa−/− (37.6±2.4) vs. control (17.4±0.5). We conclude: 1) Gaa−/− mice recapitulate clinical GSDII respiratory deficits, 2) spinal glycogen accumulation may impair motor output, and 3) respiratory neural control may be impaired in GSDII.


We consider a sequence of elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) with different but similar rapidly varying coefficients. Such sequences appear, for example, in splitting schemes for time-d...


than three times greater in Indigenous than nonIndigenous populations, and more than four times greater among geographically remote than less remote populations in Australia. In their commentary on recent evidence that hospitalization rates are elevated for children with developmental disabilities in Indigenous and lowincome immigrant populations in Australia, SlaughterAcey and Saintil advocate for interpreting the findings within an 'intersectionality' framework. In this framework, inequalities in health affecting individuals belonging to more than one disadvantaged group are seen as interlocking and a consequence of historical systems of oppression or of inequities in power and access to quality health care. Waight et al. note that Indigenous populations in Australia are more likely than others to reside in remote areas, that access to health care is limited in remote areas, and that 'decades of unsafe health care has had detrimental effects on how First Nations families expect to experience the health care system and on [their] subsequent health and wellbeing.' Further, the authors are careful to point out that being born to Indigenous parents should not be seen as a risk factor for postneonatal CP but rather that 'being treated unsafely is the actual risk factor.' Highlighting the disparate incidence, prevalence, and outcomes of postneonatal CP and viewing them within the framework of intersectionality will be most useful if these perspectives lead to effective and sustainable strategies for empowering communities and preventing the unacceptable toll of pediatric stroke, brain infections, traumatic brain injuries, and other causes of CP in historically disadvantaged populations. DATA AVA I L A BI L I T Y S TAT E M E N T Not required.


RESPECT THE INVENTION A NEW LINE OF CELL USE AS PARENT FOR PREPARING HYBRIDOMA. THIS LINE OF CELLS DERIVED TUMOR CELLS, PARTICULARLY HUMAN TUMOR CELLS, OTHER THAN BONE MARROW CELLS FROM. THE INVENTION PROVIDES ALSO A METHOD FOR THE CREATION OF THE CELL LINE. IN THIS AMALGAMATING WITH CELL LINE PRODUCING CELL ACTIVE SUBSTANCES Physiologically, SUCH AS B cells immunized with Antigen, IT IS POSSIBLE TO PREPARE HYBRIDOMA ABLE TO DEVELOP ACTIVELY. HYBRIDOMA THIS MAY BE GROWN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCES Physiologically, USEFUL.


A sugarcane trial (17 rows of 55m each) was established with 1,745 disease-free tissue culture propagated plants of cultivar SP71-6163. In Brazil, this cultivar is highly susceptible to yellow leaf caused by the Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV). Two rows of SCYLV-infected plants of cultivar FR90714 were also planted next to one side of the SP71-6163 plot. The number of SCYLV-infected plants was monitored on weeks 6, 10 14 19 and 23 after transferring plants to the field, on all plants by tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA). Colonization of disease-free plants by aphids was monitored in plant cane crop and aphid population structure was estimated from 40 random identified plants. Alate aphids were observed 2 days after transferring plants in the field and increased during 8 weeks with a mean of 2 alate aphids per plant and then decrease to a mean of 0 to 0.3 alate aphids per plant on week 15 until end of observation on week 23. The first SCYLV-infected leaves were found on 6 plants, 6 weeks after planting. Number of infected plant then increase slowly up to 4% of the plants until week 14 with no aggregative contamination but distribution of infected plant within the field was heterogeneous. Then infected plants drop to 12.6% on week 19 and end at 18% of the plants on week 23. The two last samples showed short distance aggregation between infected plants with maximum signification within a specified distance of 2m between plants. Random infection was linked to high level of alate aphid population and was followed by neighbourhood infection due probably to movement of aphids from plant to plant when apterous aphid population increased and was observed on all plants. Results showed that primary infection of disease free plot due to alate aphids is low and happens during the first stage of growth (3 to 4 months). Main infection is due to disease expansion from primary infected plants. (Texte integral)


Twenty healthy client owned adult dogs presented for elective ovariohysterectomy were randomly divided into four equal groups (A, B, C and D). All the animals were premedicated with atropine 0.04 mg/kg b.wt, i.m and after 5 min midazolam 0.7 mg/kg b.wt, i.v. After 10 min of premedication, in group A dexmedetomidine 7 μg/kg body weight and in groups B, C and D, in addition to dexmedetomidine, lidocaine 4.4 mg/kg body weight, bupivacaine 2 mg/kg body weight and ropivacaine 2 mg/kg body weight, respectively were administered at the lumbosacral epidural space. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol (1%) as and when needed. Muscle relaxation was moderate in group A and profound in the other three groups. Complete analgesia at different regions was observed in groups B, C and D and mild to moderate analgesia was observed in group A. Onset and duration of analgesia was fastest in group C. Recovery time was longer in group C and shorter in group A. An initial increase in HR was followed by a significant (P 0.05) above the baseline in groups B and C and marginally (P>0.05) below the baseline in group D. RR did not change significantly in any group. RT decreased significantly (P<0.05) in all the groups. It was concluded that epidural dexmedetomidine in combination with local anaesthetics causes minor changes in clinicophysiological parameters, provides better extent and depth of intra-operative analgesia than local anaesthetics alone and therefore, can be considered for elective ovariohysterectomy in dogs.


This paper brings forward five propositions on the use of online communication in health care, its potential impacts on efficiency and effectiveness in health care, and which role government should play in moving forward the use of online communication. In the paper, each of the five propositions is illustrated with point of departure in the Danish health sector.


•SMILE ( small incision lenticule extraction) is widely used in myopia correction because of its safety and predictability. SMILE-derived lenticule is a kind of good biomaterial that can be used to repair corneal ulcer and perforationꎬ treat hyperopiaꎬ presbyopiaꎬ keratoconus and other ophthalmic diseases. It has the potential of becoming the research hotspot in the future. Thereforeꎬ this review summarizes the clinical research progress of SMILE derived lenticule in the field of ophthalmology. •


The invention discloses a heat supplying device, which is of a vertical structure and comprises a heat supplier casing, a water jacket arranged on the outer wall of a lateral casing wall of the heat supplier casing, a combustor and a water distributor, wherein the combustor and the water distributor are installed on the upper portion of the heat supplier casing, and the water distributor is connected with the upper portion of the water jacket through a pipeline. The bottom of a heat supplier is connected with a heat consumption system. A water inlet is arranged on the lower portion of the water jacket. The water distributor distributes water on the inner wall of the lateral casing wall of the heat supplier casing. Due to the fact that combustion heat of natural gas is totally and rapidly transferred to heat-carrying agents (mixed gas) by the heat supplying device, a combustion heat supplier is high in heat transferring efficiency, and utilization rate of natural gas is improved. Compared with existing direct or indirect heat supplying of saturated steam and indirect heat supplying of heat-carrying agents, heat transferring efficiency and energy utilization rate of the heat supplying device are improved, and the heat supplying device is in accordance with the industrial energy conservation policy of our country.


There are two views with regard to the peripheral distribution of nerves, which are quite incompatible with each other. According to one, it is supposed that nerves end in the tissues to which they are distributed, by free extremities; while the other doctrine is, that free ends or extremities do not exist, and it is supposed that the fibre, after perhaps a very long and circuitous course, is connected with the nervous centre from which it emanated. If this be so, every nerve-cell, central and peripheral, must have at least two fibres proceding from it, must be bipolar or multipolar. Both these views cannot possibly be true. That nerves terminate in ends or free extremities is the opinion of many Continental observers, and of late years this view, it may almost he said, has been generally received by anatomists.


We formulate the sensor alignment problem for multisensor data fusion in the ECEF coordinate system. Sensor measurements are mapped to the ECEF coordinate system using geodetic transformation and sensor registration errors are estimated using the least squares (LS) technique. Real life-radar data are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique.


The present invention applies polyacrylamide (hereinafter referred to as aromatic polyacrylamide) to which anionic sulfonic acid functional groups including aromatic ring compounds such as polynaphthalene sulfonate or ligno sulfonate is added to increase the bond between pulp fibers during papermaking. This is to increase the strength aptitude of the paper, such as tensile strength, compressive strength, rupture strength and tear strength. At this time, since the pulp fiber is an anion and the aromatic polyacrylamide is an anion, inorganic cationic agents such as alum, PAC (Polyaluminium chloride), polyamine (Dimethylamine epichlorohydrin condensate), PolyDADAMAC, polyvinylamine, By using at least one of organic cationic agents such as cationic polyacrylamide, the pulp fibers may be pre-modified cationic to improve fixability of aromatic polyacrylamide. Polynaphthalene sulfonate, ligno sulfonate, polyacrylamide, strength enhancer


Biological control by antagonistic organisms is a potential, non-chemical, ecofriendly and sustainable approach for managing plant diseases. Trichoderma harzianum, a potent bio-control agent is used for managing a variety of plant diseases caused by foliar and soil borne plant pathogens (2,8). The cost effective large-scale production, shelf life of formulation, establishment of bioagent into targeted niche and consistency in disease control are the prime concern with augmentative biological control (1). For commercialization and large-scale production of the biological control agent through solid-state fermentation technology, an enormous quantity of spore biomass is needed (2). A variety of substrates are being used for mass production of bio-agents through solid state fermentation technology. Present investigation was therefore carried out to select various categories of locally available substrates for mass multiplication of T. harzianum; attempts were also made to enhance the conidial yield on these substrates.


The authors report measurements of collision-broadening rates for Na D lines perturbed by rare gases. A monochromatic laser is used to probe the wings of the D lines several Doppler widths from resonance. The ratio of the broadening rate to the known radiative decay rate is determined from the pressure dependence of the total scattered light.


The SoundCity Project MONICA aims to provide a very large scale demonstration of multiple existing and new Internet of Things technologies for Smarter Living. The solution will be deployed in 6 major cities in Europe. MONICA demonstrates a large scale IoT ecosystem that uses innovative wearable and portable IoT sensors and actuators with closed-loop back-end services integrated into an interoperable, cloud-based platform capable of offering a multitude of simultaneous, targeted applications. All ecosystems will be demonstrated in the scope of large scale city events, but have general applicability for dynamically deploying Smart City applications in many fixed locations such as airports, main traffic arterials, and construction sites. Moreover, it is inherent in the MONICA approach to identify the official standardisation potential areas in all stages of the project. MONICA will demonstrate an IoT platform in massive scale operating conditions; capable of handling at least 10.000 simultaneous real end-users with wearable and portable sensors using existing and emerging technologies (TRL 5-6) and based upon open standards and architectures. It will design, develop and deploy a platform capable of integrating large amounts of heterogeneous, interoperable IoT enabled sensors with different data capabilities (video, audio, data), resource constraints (wearables, Smartphones, Smartwatches), bandwidth (UWB, M2M), costs (professional, consumer), and deployment (wearable, mobile, fixed, airborne) as well as actuators (lights, LED, cameras, alarms, drones, loudspeakers). It will demo end-to-end, closed loop solutions covering everything from devices and middleware with semantic annotations through a multitude of wireless communication channels to cloud based applications and back to actuation networks. Humansin-the-Loop is demonstrated through integrating Situational Awareness and Decision Support tools for organisers, security staff and sound engineers situation rooms.


Science and technology plays very important role in the development of productive forces.It deeply affects three key elements of productive force,enhances the priority of the construction of the productive force and the development of the system.Economic development leads to the destruction of the resource and environmental pollution.We should give full play to the utilization of science and technology.should control the bad effects to enhance sustainable development at the same time.


The optical design of an atomic emission spectrometer useful for simultaneous spectro- chemical analysis of up to 51 elements is presented. The spectrometer consists of two concave spherical mirrors, an echelle grating having frequency of 79 lines/mm, and a CCD detector for recording the spectral lines in two-dimensional format. The instrument has a wavelength range of 2000 - 4000 A with a resolving power of 15000. The range of grating orders used is 60 - 120. Fused silica Littrow prism is used to sort the different spectral orders to avoid their overlapping in the focal plane of the instrument. The focal lengths for the collimating mirror and focusing mirror have been calculated to be 250 mm and 175 mm respectively for covering the full wavelength range with minimum repetition over the detector area of 13 mm X 13 mm. The reciprocal linear dispersion of the instrument is 3.49 A/mm at a wavelength of 3000 A.


Soil aggregates provide microhabitats for microorganisms. However, the bacterial communities within various aggregate size fractions under organic amendments have rarely been evaluated especially in sandy soils. A field experiment involving addition of biogas residue (BR), pig manure (PM), biochar (BC), and straw (ST) of a sandy soil was performed to determine the structure of the bacterial community in aggregate size fractions by using high‐throughput sequencing. We found that organic amendments change soil aggregate fractions and nutrient content, alter bacterial diversity and composition, and contribute to the predicted bacterial functions. The BR increased bacterial α‐diversity in <0.25‐mm aggregates. The Nitrospirae was abundant in almost all aggregate sizes, whereas the abundance of Actinobacteria decreased in most of aggregates following BR addition. The PM amendment primarily facilitated the growth of Bacteroidetes and inhibited the growth of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi in 0.25‐ to 2‐mm aggregates, whereas bacterial α‐diversity was decreased in the >0.25‐mm aggregates. The BC treatment decreased the bacterial α‐diversity in the <0.25‐mm aggregates and the Gemmatimonadetes abundance in all <2‐mm aggregates, but the Actinobacteria abundance was significantly increased in the >0.053‐mm aggregates. Collectively, the effects of organic amendments on the bacterial community varied greatly depending on type of amendments and aggregate size. The BR supported highly diverse bacterial taxa in the <0.25‐mm aggregates, whereas it proliferated N cycling‐related bacteria in all aggregates. Our results highlight the links between bacterial community and aggregate size fractions in sandy soils depending on organic amendments.


Background: The ethanolic extract of Anredera cordifolia (AC) leaves has previously been investigated to have antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. An active antibacterial compound against propionibacterium acnes was flavonoid.
Objective: This study aimed to compare antimicrobial activity differences between nanoparticles and extract alone.
Method: AC leaves were extracted and then formulated into nanoparticles using chitosan as the polymer and sodium tripolyphosphate (Na-TPP) as a crosslinker. The nanoparticle-preparation method was ionic gelation, while the antibacterial study used the disc method.
Result: Nanoparticle evaluations showed an average size of 84.93±15.36nm, a polydispersity index of 0.22, a percent entrapment efficiency of 55.06±1.05%, and an average yield of 11.00±1.27%. Based on statistical t-test analysis, nanoparticles differed significantly from extract alone in antimicrobial activity.
Conclusion: Nanoparticles significantly increase the antibacterial effectiveness of extract through the synergism effect between chitosan and flavonoid content in the extract. Hence nanoparticles serve good potency to deliver extract for acne therapy.


With guest editor Amy Fish, Transition invites notice of childhood in Africa and the African diaspora. Though focusing our eyes on the black child, authors here confront the problem of the adult gaze and consider symbolic and ideological deployments of childhood as well as children's lived experiences.


In accordance with the methods of documentary,questionnaire and interviews,the major problems such as man power resources,raising funds,conducting activities,setting prices,increasing members,advertising ways and the effects of the activities etc.in the current management and strategic development of Hebei adolescent sports clubs are analyzed,for which the corresponding solution and references will be provided.


Chlorhexidine is one of the most widely and commonly used antiplaque and antigingivitis agent. The properties and mechanism of action of chlorhexidine must be understood in order to be put into maximum use. Chlorhexidine was used as a broad spectrum antiseptic since the 1950's. Its antibacterial action is due to the disruption of the bacterial cell membrane by the chlorhexidine molecules, increasing the permeability and resulting in cell lysis. It can be either bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on the dose. It is available in different formulations. However it does have some side effects like permanent staining of teeth and dysgeusia. This article discusses the various clinical applications, properties and adverse effects of chlorhexidine.


After 16 years of study, the finding that an internal focus of attention negatively affects performance relative to an external focus is replicable in many contexts (Wulf 2013).  Diminished results during an internal focus of attention are attributed to interference with normal automaticity in the body (Wulf, McNevin & Shea, 2001).  As focus is directed internally, the automatic processes which normally produce efficient movements are disturbed, resulting in less efficient movement patterns.  When an external focus of attention is used, automaticity is not constrained and improved performance is noted.  What remains unclear is whether the specificity of internally focused task instructions may impact task performance. In the present study we applied behavioural, kinematic and neurophysiological outcome measures to assess focus of attention.   Novice (N=11) and skilled golfers (N=13) were recruited to perform a putting task to two targets (3m and 5m).  Three focus conditions were used: external (target), internal swing (hands on the club and position of elbows) and internal stance (feet evenly balanced).  Movement kinematics of the golf club were recorded with an Optotrak 3D Investigator (300Hz).  Electromyography (EMG) of tibialis anterior and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) was recorded under all focus conditions.  Our findings provide evidence that when novice participants used the internal movement focus of attention while putting to the 5m target, accuracy,  kinematics of the putting movement, and variability of EMG activity in ECR were all adversely affected. Instructions which were internal but anatomically distal to the primary movement during the task appeared to have an effect similar to an external focus of attention and did not adversely affect outcomes. Differences in focus of attention findings between novice and skilled golfers are interpreted using the challenge point framework (Guadagnoli and Lee 2003).


The present paper focuses on the characteristics of the inner layer of a plane turbulent wall jet on a smooth surface. The analysis is based on a recent experimental study of the mean and fluctuating velocity fields in a plane turbulent wall jet on a smooth surface using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The wall jet is often regarded to consist of an inner layer and an outer layer, which resemble a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) and free jet, respectively. The inner layer is the focus of the present study, which explicitly compares some characteristics of the mean velocity field in the inner layer to those in a zero-pressure gradient (ZPG) and adverse-pressure gradient (APG) TBL. Based on analysis of the experimental data, the inner layer is characterized by a narrow overlap region which is well approximated by both a canonical logarithmic velocity profile and power law. However, the velocity defect profile for the inner layer does not match that of a ZPG TBL. The thickness of the inner region of the wall jet grows more slowly than a ZPG TBL. Finally, the correlation for the skin friction coefficient developed for an APG TBL provides a better fit to that of the inner layer of the wall jet compared to a ZPG TBL. However, it still significantly under-predicts the skin friction in the turbulent wall jet. INTRODUCTION The plane turbulent wall jet is a flow with many important practical applications in industry. It is also of interest from a theoretical viewpoint, i.e. in understanding the effect of a wall on the turbulent flow above. A wall jet is often characterized using a simple structure consisting of an inner layer that closely resembles a TBL, and an outer layer that is similar to that of a free jet. The two layers are separated by a mixing region, which is distinguished by the fact that the location y! of the maximum mean velocity U! does not coincide with the location of the zero value of the Reynolds shear stress, implying that the turbulent transport is more complex than could be modeled by an eddy viscosity model closure. Wygnanski et al. [1] were among the first to document both the mean and fluctuating velocity fields in a plane turbulent wall jet. Their study implied that the mean velocity in the inner layer region was not consistent with a canonical logarithmic profile. However, subsequent studies by Ericsson et al. [2], Tachie et al. [3], Rostamy et al. [4] and others indicate that the overlap region of the inner layer can be fitted to a logarithmic velocity profile, even though the overlap region is very thin. In a comprehensive study that examined the similarity behavior of the turbulent wall jet, George et al. [5], derived a power law form for the mean velocity profile at finite Reynolds number. They also derived a composite profile relation based on the power law, which models the mean velocity from the wall up to the end of the overlap region. Banyassady and Piomelli [6] performed a Large Eddy Simulation of a plane turbulent wall jet, and compared the inner layer of a plane turbulent wall jet to the ZPG TBL. They concluded that the inner layer differs from a conventional TBL in terms of the turbulence structure due to the presence of the outer layer. However, this difference is minimal in terms of the mean velocity field, and in near proximity to the wall, the outer-layer effects are almost negligible. They also confirmed that the mean velocity in the inner region could be matched to the canonical logarithmic profile, however, the constants were weakly dependent on the Reynolds number. One characteristic that distinguishes the turbulent wall jet from a ZPG TBL is the fact that the maximum velocity of the wall jet decays in the streamwise direction due to the combined effects of mixing in the outer layer and skin friction at the wall. This suggests that for some features, it may be more appropriate to compare the inner layer to an APG TBL, for which the freestream velocity also decreases in the streamwise direction. Note that such a comparison only captures the decay of the maximum velocity in the streamwise direction; it ignores the other significant distinction of the wall jet, i.e. that the flow in the outer layer above is characterized by an additional strong shear layer, which is not the case for a TBL. The present study will revisit the assumption that the inner layer of a plane turbulent wall jet is similar to a conventional TBL. More specifically, it will examine features of the mean velocity profile and where appropriate compare them to a ZPG and APG boundary layer. Included in the analysis are the following: scaling of the mean velocity field for the inner layer using both the logarithmic velocity profile and the defect law based on inner and outer coordinates, respectively; the streamwise growth rate of the location of the maximum velocity of the wall jet; and the skin friction coefficient. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY The present study utilizes the mean velocity data obtained by the experimental investigation of a plane turbulent wall jet by Tang [7]. The study performed PIV measurements to document the mean and fluctuating velocity fields, on both a smooth and rough-wall ground


Objective: To summarized the operation approach,reduction and fixation experience of acetabular fracture.Methods: From January 2006 to February 2008,52 patients with acetabular fracture were operated with Kocher-Langenbeck,ilioinguilar,or anterior-posterior combined approach.Results: the follow-up time was 6-36 months,the satisfied results rate was 90.4%.All patients were bone union.10 Patients were traumatic osteoarthritis,2 patients were necrosis of femoral head and 10 patients were ectopic ossification.Conclusions: Operation for acetabular fracture can rebuild the formation of pelvic,recover the function of lower extremity and pervert malunion of bone fracture.Suitable approach,good reduction and fixation were the foundation of improving efficacy of treatment of acetabular fracture.


An overview of collections at University Archives and the WU Libraries that include primary sources of American popular culture during the Cold War period (1947 - 1991).


Objective To explore the practical and effective method to promote the whole quality of nursing in the hospital.Methods According to the criteria of wholly nursing quality management,we determined the contents and quantitative criteria,and wholly examined the quality of nursing once a month,then ranked the scores,and awarded the "mobile red banner" to the first two units.Results As a results,this practice achieved significant improvement in the quality of nursing,the ward environment,doctor-nurse-patient relationship and nurses' professional quality.Conclusion Performing "mobile red banner" contest of nursing quality could improve the quality of nursing in the hospital overall.


File system forensics is one of the most important elements in digital forensic investigations. To date, various file system forensic methods, such as analysis of tree structure and the recovery of deleted file data, have been studied. Among these file system forensic methods, the recovery of file system metadata is a key technique that makes digital forensic investigations possible by recovering metadata when it is not possible to obtain metadata in a regular manner because the file system structure is damaged due to an accident/disaster or cyber terrorism. Previous studies mainly focused on recovering record or entry data, which are the basic units of metadata, using carving techniques via a fixed values or values capable of range prediction at the beginning of the data. However, no studies have been conducted on metadata without such fixed values or values capable of range prediction. <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\$ $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LogFile, which is a metadata file of the New Technology File System (NTFS) that is one of the most used file systems at present, contains very important metadata that provide a history of all file system operations during a specific period. However, since there is no fixed value or a value capable of range prediction at the start position of the record, which is the basic unit of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\$ $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LogFile, there have been no studies on recovery using record units, and only recovery by file and page have been possible. If the file header or page header of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\$ $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LogFile is damaged, existing recovery methods cannot properly recover the metadata; in such cases, a record-level recovery method is required to recover the metadata. In this context, we investigated the mechanisms of record storage through a detailed analysis of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\$ $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LogFile structure and proposed a recovery method for records without fixed values. Our proposed method was implemented as a tool and verified through comparative experiments with existing forensic tools that recover <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\$ $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LogFile data. The experimental results showed that the proposed recovery method was able recover all the data that existing tools are unable to recover in situations where the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\$ $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LogFile data were damaged. The implemented tools are released free of charge to contribute digital forensic community. Finally, we explained what important role <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\$ $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LogFile played in solving real-world cases and confirm the importance of recovering <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\$ $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LogFile data in situations where file systems may be damaged due to accidents and disasters.


A rapid procedure for the determination of nitrate in dilute aqueous solution is described and the chelated structure of the nitrophenolsulphonic acid formed in the reaction is discussed. Reproducible results are obtained when nitrate solution is added to the phenolsulphonic acid reagent but not if the order of addition is reversed.

A critical examination of the different methods used by various workers in preparing the phenolsulphonic acid reagent has been made. It is concluded that fuming sulphuric acid may safely be omitted, that considerable latitude is permissible in the proportion of sulphuric acid to phenol, and that heating for more than two hours is not significant.

Phenoldisulphonic acid may therefore be conveniently replaced by p-phenolsulphonic acid which is easier to prepare; the latter reagent is sensitive to 2.5 p.p.m. of nitrate-nitrogen in solution.


ABSTRACT Due to reduced tillage practices, glyphosate is widely used as a herbicide in grain farming systems of Australia. Residual glyphosate when mixed with water bodies can be a health concern. Updated information concerning the fate of glyphosate in soil systems with biochar amendment is lacking. For this experiment, different biochars were weighed and premixed in 2 ml Eppendorf tubes. A solution (Mixture of mercuric chloride and radiolabeled C14 glyphosate) having different concentrations provided by the commonwealth scientific and industrial research organization was used. Tubes having solutions were shaken on end over end shaker for 24 h. Tubes were removed from the shaker and centrifuged for 5 min. at 13000 revolutions per minute. Digested, labeled samples after counting disintegration per minute on Tricarb 4810 were used as sorption data. Results showed significant adsorption of glyphosate in the Entisol soil systems in the presence of char. The results have been published, however, the author wants to communicate in detail the role of liquid scintillation counting as a future research method for radiolabeled herbicides to understand the adsorption behavior of herbicides like glyphosate in different soil systems.


The pattern of enzyme inactivation in the brains of rats sacrificed by exposure to high-intensity microwave irradiation at 2450 MHz in a closed-waveguide structure is markedly altered by rotation of the rat. At 986 MHz, the pattern is relatively insensitive to rotation. These data suggest that use of lower frequencies may reduce regional variability of enzyme inactivation and lessen the requirement for immobilization during sacrifice.


High-Tc Cuprates became important materials when their superconducting properties were discovered in the 1980s. They form a complex three-dimensional structure that is hard to study, and this is why researches have focused on the study of the more basic Copper-Oxygen planes. The CuO2 plane consists of copper ions at the sites of a square lattice and oxygen ions at the links. The orbitals of significance are the 3d!"#$" and the p% orbitals. This results in a threeorbital model which is still difficult to study accurately. As a result, researches effectively used a one-orbital model such as the t-J model where only the 3d!"#$" is considered.


The captured vocals, advanced digital signal processing techniques to provide attractive application, and simply user musician novice to create a musical performance, and performance, using even application specific devices that share automatically it may be converted. In some cases, automatic conversion, divides the emitted vocals, arranged, subject rhythm, aligned backing track and time to beat or accompaniment, and allows the pitch correction according to the score or tone sequences to. Speech - song music application, the an embodiment. In some cases, the emitted vocals, often without pitch correction, by using the automated division and time alignment technique, may be converted in accordance with musical style, such as wraps. The application may use different signal processing and different automatic conversion, speech in the subject matter - may be understood as being wrapped modification. .BACKGROUND 9


The 19th SpaceX Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-19) contract mission for NASA carries a variety of cutting-edge scientific experiments to the International Space Station.


This article to analyze the relationship between the use of medrox progesterone acetate (DMPA) depot injectable contraceptives with the incidence of female sexual dysfunction at the Ciwandan Health Center in December 2021. This type of research is an analytical survey with a cross sectional design design. The population used in this study was family planning acceptors in the CiwandanHealth Center area. This research was conducted from August to December 2021 at the Puskesmas Ciwandan. The results shows that there is a significant relationship between DMPA contraceptive use and female sexual dysfunction at the Puskesmas CiwandanSerang Banten in 2021 with P-Value = 0.000 < 0.005.  With a value of OR = 46,550, it can be concluded that Women who use DMPA contraception have a 46.5 times chance of experiencing sexual dysfunction compared to Women who do not use DMPA contraception.

Tujuan artikel ini  untuk menganalisis hubungan penggunaan kontrasepsi suntik depot medrox progesterone acetate (DMPA) dengan kejadian disfungsi seksual wanita di Puskesmas Ciwandan Desember Tahun 2021 Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dengan desain rancangan cross sectional. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah akseptor KB yang ada di wilayah Puskesmas Ciwandan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustuas s/d Desember Tahun 2021 di Puskesmas Ciwandan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan kontrasepsi DMPA dengan disfungsi seksual wanita Di Puskesmas CiwandanSerang Banten Tahun 2021 dengan P-Value = 0,000 < 0,005.  Dengan nilai OR = 46,550, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Wanita yang menggunakan kontrasepsi DMPA memiliki peluang 46,5 kali untuk mengalami disfungsi seksual dibandingkan dengan Wanita yang tidak menggunakan kontrasepsi DMPA.


Cinostatic bioreactor promotes formation of relatively large solid tumor spheroids exhibiting diameters from 750 to 2,100 micrometers. Process useful in studying efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents and of interactions between cells not constrained by solid matrices. Two versions have been demonstrated; one for anchorage-independent cells and one for anchorage-dependent cells.


This article discusses the topic of optimizing kitchen layouts by using a combination of methods such as mathematical modeling, user testing, and expert evaluations. The golden triangle rule, which states that the three main elements of a kitchen, the sink, the refrigerator, and the stove, should be arranged in the shape of a triangle to minimize the distance between them and improve the flow of the kitchen, is presented as a common method for optimizing kitchen layouts. Mathematical models such as linear programming and simulation models can also be used to optimize kitchen layouts by finding the optimal configuration of a kitchen that meets certain constraints, such as the size and shape of the room, the number of appliances, and the desired workflow. User testing and expert evaluations can also be used to gather feedback from users and gain insight into the latest trends and best practices in kitchen design. The article also touches on the importance of post-war reconstruction period in context of kitchen layout optimization, as well as the importance of gathering empirical evidence and statistics to improve the functionality and efficiency of kitchen spaces. Overall, optimizing the kitchen layout is a crucial aspect of designing and building a functional and efficient kitchen space, taking into account not only practical considerations, but also user needs, preferences and the post-war context. Using various methods and tools, you can create a kitchen layout that will be adapted to the needs of the user, that will be pleasant and functional for him.


Over the last 20 years, Latin American 'seed guardian networks' have become increasingly influential in seed system transformations. This is a recent chapter in the decades old transition of seeds from deeply rooted commons to a global commodity, which constantly favours capitalist industrialism over all other ways of being. The emergence and consolidation of these networks is tied to the intensification of neoliberal reforms that undermine Indigenous, Afro-Latino, peasant, agroecological and organic agricultural practices. As part of this process, outliers connect in distributed networks to fight for the inclusion of their practices and visions, exerting pressure on hegemonic actors to transform national seed policies. This article sets out to argue that descriptions of contemporary seed systems as an overlap of antagonising 'informal' and 'formal' systems could be reviewed from a decolonial perspective. This can uncover profound differences on ways of being and knowing that raise important questions about justice. Reflecting on deliberate change of Latin American seed systems from a decolonial perspective may shed light on pathways to move towards a transmodern pluriverse. A road that requires systems change governance practitioners to engage more actively with peripheral alternatives, while critically interrogating our own role in the continuation of modernity/coloniality.


A new approach for a cloud point extraction-electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method was used for determining bismuth. The aqueous analyte was acidified with sulfuric acid (pH 3.0-3.5). Triton X- 114 was added as a surfactant and 2-amino-cyclopentene-1-dithiocarboxylic acid was used as a complexing agent. After phase separation at 50 ◦ C based on the cloud point separation of the mixture, the surfactant-rich phasen was diluted using tetrahydrofuran (THF). Twenty microliters (20 μL) of the enriched solution and 10 µl of 0.1% (w/v) Pd (NO3)2 as chemical modifier were dispersed into the graphite tube and the analyte was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. After optimizing extraction conditions and instrumental parameters, a preconcentration factor of 195 was obtained for a sample of only 10 mL. The detection limit was 0.04 ng ml −1 and the analytical curve was linear for the concentration range of 0.04-0.70 ng mL −1 . Relative standard deviations were <5%. The method was successfully applied for the extraction and


What is it that unite people? We are united when we understand each other. We are united when we are able to communicate since communication denotes the ability to make the other able to understand our feelings and wants. It is not the economy neither it is an army that unite us. It is language. Through language, one can understand and be understood. Europeans should apply the American paradigm in order to be strong and effective in the international community and use a single language as the lingua franca. With regard to national languages, the European Union should encourage, and finance the learning of as many languages as possible by its citizens to consolidate the sense of identity. However, the slogan "Unity through Diversity", raised by linguists promoting multilingualism in Europe these days, is misleading and unattainable. Keywords: multilingualism, nationalism, culture, identity, globalism, pluralism, lingua franca, unity.


In this paper, characteristics of existing safety indices were discussed through a theoretical comparison. Also, new safety indices were suggested to formulate the safety level of the driving situation. First, the definition and the characteristics are described briefly for selected existing index. The indices were categorized into two groups in terms of time relative indices and braking relative indices. Next, it is suggested that 'Longitudinal Safety Index (ILongi)' which is derived by using 'Warning Index' and 'inverse Time To Collision (TTC-1)'. Finally, the authors compare safety indices by using the field operating test data in two kinds of test scenario. From the comparison result, it is concluded that proposed safety indices were suitable for evaluating of the rear-end collision risk.


Copper(I1) and vanadyl ions were bound to human milk lactoferrin or serum transferrin with carbonate or oxalate as the synergistic anion. Electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) due to nitrogen of a coordinated histidine imidazole was observed for both the copper and vanadyl complexes. For both metals, the modulation frequencies in the Fourier transforms of the data were similar for the two proteins and were weakly dependent on anion. When data in DzO/glycerol-d3 were compared with data in HzO/glycerol, the deep  deuterium  modulation  indicated  multiple exchangeable protons in the vicinity of tbe metals with at most one proton within about 2.9 A of the metal. The distribution of exchangeable protons around the metals as probed by ESEEM was the same, within experimental uncertainty, for the copper or vanadyl complexes with either carbonate or oxalate as the anion. When "C-labeled oxalate was used as the synergistic anion, "C-ESEEM was observed for both the copper and vanadyl complexes of lactoferrin and transferrin. The deeper "C modulation for copper and vanadyl transferrin [13C]oxalate than for vanadyl transferrin [13C]carbonate suggests that both ends of the oxalate are bound to the metal in the transferrin and lactoferrin complexes.


Objective: Designing a CPFR (collaborative planning forecasting and replenishment) model for the delivery of diabetes and arterial hypertension medicines from a health insurance company (EPS) to a healthcare provider (IPS) and comparing the performance of this collaborative chain to that of the traditional one through their corresponding supply chain costs. Methodology: A series of collaboration agreements involved in joint planning were established according to the designed CPFR model. This allowed (i) raising the levels of interaction between the health insurance company, the healthcare provider, the supplying pharmaceutical laboratories, and the patients; (ii) determining demand forecasts; (iii) locating distribution centers; and (iv) defining medicine distribution strategies oriented to the minimization of costs along the chain. Subsequently, the main differences between the current operation and CPFR models at the level of structure and decisions were characterized and then evaluated in terms of supply chain costs. Results: The significant impact of the proposed model is demonstrated. The total monthly cost of operating the chain is reduced by 11.2 % on average. Within the proposed innovation, an outstanding place is held by the savings reached in the purchase and distribution of medicines from the laboratory to the distribution centers, and by the customer satisfaction differences, which increased 15.3 % on average during the studied six-month period.


Abstract Aim: Our study aimed at analyzing the diatom community structure of the plankton, periphyton, and surface sediments, and their relationship with the environmental variables of two reservoirs, Tanque Grande and Cabuçu, located in the city of Guarulhos, Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. Methods Three sampling stations were stablished in each reservoir. Samples of water and periphyton were collected during the dry (August 2013) and the rainy periods (January 2014), while the sediment was sampled only during the dry period. Water abiotic limnological variables were determined and quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed after the oxidation of diatom samples. Results Both reservoirs presented low values of electrical conductivity, pH and nutrients. The diatom community was represented by 30 taxa distributed in 20 genera. The diatom diversity was higher in the plankton, with three exclusive species. All taxa collected from the surface sediments also occurred in the plankton. The periphyton was represented by six taxa that were exclusive to this habitat. Conclusion Our results indicated that the environmental variables were responsible for the limnological changes in the two reservoirs. In the studied reservoirs, the species composition of diatoms differed slightly between the plankton and the surface sediments, while we found a different community in the periphyton, with the presence of exclusive species. The two climatic periods showed differences in the abundance of species, but no considerable differences in the species composition between the two reservoirs were observed.


A dusty plasma containing adiabatic inertial electrons and ions, and negatively charged static dust is considered in order to investigate the roles of dynamics and adiabaticity of electrons and ions on dust-ion-acoustic (DIA) Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV) solitons. The standard reductive perturbation method is employed for this theoretical investigation of DIA K-dV solitons in such a realistic adiabatic dusty plasma. It is found that i) the role of electron dynamics in modifying the basic features of the DIA K-dV solitons is insignificant; ii) the combined effects of adiabatic electrons and negatively charged static dust significantly modify the basic properties (speed, amplitude, and width) of the K-dV DIA solitons; and iii) due to the effect of the adiabaticity of electrons, one cannot have negative DIA K-dV solitons, which can exist in an isothermal dusty plasma (containing isothermal electrons, cold ions, and negatively charged static dust) for α=zdnd0/ni0> 2/3, where zd is the number of electrons residing onto a dust grain surface, nd0 is the constant (static) dust number density and ni0 is the equilibrium ion number density. The implications of our realistic dusty plasma model and of our results in space and laboratory dusty plasma are discussed.


Objective A retrospective review of the use of delayed sterna closure (DSC) after pediatric cardiac operations.The purpose of this study is to access the morbidity of DSC and to analyze the risk factors that may predict the need for DSC.Methods Between January 2008 and December 2011,5 546 infants (2 843 males,2 703 females) underwent cardiac operations through midterm sternotomy in Shanghai Children' s Medical Center.Median age was 5 months(1 day to 11 months) and mean weight was 6.1 kg(2.0-12.5 kg).The pathologies included transposition of great artery(TGA),corctation of aorta (CoA),interruption of aortic arch (IAA),pulmonary atresia (PA),truncus arteriosus (Truncus),complete atrioventricular septal defect(CAVSD),total anormalous pulmonary vein connection (TAPVC),double outlet of right ventricle(DORV),tetralogy of Fallot(TOF),and ventricular septal defect(VSD),et al.All hospital records were reviewed and clinical data were studied and analyzed.Results A total of 313 patients had DSC (5.6%).There were 191 males and 122 females.The reasons for DSC are hemodynamic instability in 296,bleeding in 11,and ECMO(or VAD) in 6 patients.Two hundred and fiftyone (80.2%) patients were less than 5 kg,84 (26.8 %) patients were neonates,and 125 (39.9%) patients aged between one and three months old.The incidences of DSC for these patients were 13.9%,34.4%,and 18.4% respectively.The diagnosis of complex congenital heart defects had a high risk of DSC.The incidences of DSC for TGA,CoA,IAA,PA,Truncus,CAVSD,TAPVC,and DORV were 28.8%,17.8%,43.1%,9.0%,30.4%,6.5%,and 10.8% respectively.The DSC patients had longer duration of CPB time(147 min versus 72 min) and clamping time(81 min versus 40 min).In 282 patients the sternums were closed 1-11 days after the initial operation.In 3 cases the trial of closure failed for the first time and succeeded a second time until several days later.Fouty-six patients died ultimately including 15 patients died after the closure of sternum with a total mortality of 14.7 %.Surgical site infection occurred in 17 patients (5.4%),and surgical intervention were needed in 4 severe cases(1.3%).Conclusion Neonates,an age less than 3 months,weight less than 5 kg,long CPB time and clamping time,and the diagnosis of complex congenital heart defects were risk factors of the need for delayed sterna closure after pediatric cardiac operations.

Key words:
Heart defect, congenital ;  Postoperative complications ;  Delayed sterna closure ;  Pediatric


Combining gas phase infrared (IR) spectra with mass spectral (MS) data, a neural network has been developed to predict 26 different molecular substructures from multispectral information. The back-propagation procedure has been used for training, including its previously published modification, the flashcard algorithm. Present functional groups have been detected correctly in 86.4% of all cases, compared with 88.4% using only IR and 78.2% using only MS data for training and prediction. For only 8 out of the 26 functionalities does the joint utilization of infrared and mass spectra yield better prediction results, with the greatest improvement being for halogen bond predictions. The prediction of functional group absence results in accuracy of about 95.5% for both IR and IR/MS networks but only 87.1% for a stand alone MS network. Insights have been gained into the suitability of both data sets for neural network training by presenting just IR or MS data to a jointly trained neural network, revealing the am...


AbstractThe last century has witnessed groundbreaking advances in clinical medicine across the entire diagnostic and therapeutic range, but inequities in access to these advances and innovations continue to be a major challenge to our societies.Innovations are often initiated by "eureka" moments of discovery, but realising their full potential depend on a process of continuous incremental innovation and interaction involving complex networks. When developing systems that reward, encourage, and sustain medical advances, policy makers must recognise four important factors. First, "incremental" and "continuous" innovation is as important as "breakthrough" innovation. Second, investment across the entire innovation process is needed. Third, the ability of physicians to work across a wide range of scientific fields at "the bench and bedside" is critical to continuous innovation. And fourth, final medical advance that can result from an initial discovery may not be obvious and only occur following interaction with experts and innovations in other fields.


With the improvement of people's consciousness of environmental protection. Formulations of water based, particle, multifunction, labor saving, safety and reduced environmental impact have become a tendency of pesticide development at home and abroad. Conventional formulations(DP, GR, SL, EC and WP) and safer and environmental protection formulations(SC, EW, SE, FS, WG and CS), as well as ME, OF, SO, DC and TB are discussed. Especially pointed out that ME is not an international tendency in pesticide area, by contrast, SC, EW, SE, FS and WG are more promising.


The aim of this work is to study periodic oscillations and bifurcations in cellular nonlinear networks composed by oscillatory cells and connected through arbitrary couplings. In order to characterize each oscillator by using amplitude and phase variables, a method based on a generalized version of the describing function technique is proposed. Furthermore, by exploiting the method of multiple scales a set of ordinary differential equations governing the amplitude and phase dynamics is derived. The results also permit to study accurately weakly connected oscillatory networks. Finally, the method is compared to a spectral technique, based on the harmonic balance approach, by considering a chain of Chua's circuits.


Brillouin pulse compression has been proposed1 as a viable means of efficiently compressing long-pulse excimer laser radiation into the short pulses required for laser fusion or other high-peak-power applications. Results of previous2,3 and ongoing experiments are compared to simulations using a transient backward wave code which includes laser bandwidth effects by representing the laser field as an arbitrary sum over modes. Effects of transiency on limiting pulse widths are also examined. Constraints on system designs imposed by transiency, absorption, and transverse scattering in windows are also discussed.


The golf course industry has become increasingly aware of potential problems related to pesticide and fertilizer movement from soil into surface water and groundwater . The objective of this study was to monitor and analysis the pollution level and scope, varying pattern, diffusion characteristics and the impact on the lake which are influenced by the Spring City Golf Course located in the catchment area of Yangzonghai Lake. It produced data on the quality of the surface water bodies, groundwater and soil environment including nitrogen, phosphorus, pesticides and heavy metal , and proposed some control measures in the last part.


The existing methods of data analysis, either the probability theory or the spectral analysis, are all developed by mathematicians or based on their rigorous mathematical rules. For data analysis, we have to face the reality of nonstationarity and nonlinearity in the data. Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) is the designated name for the result of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and the Hilbert Spectral Analysis (HSA) methods, which were both introduced recently by Huang et al. (1996, 1998, 1999 and 2003). The method is adaptive, and specifically for analyzing data from nonlinear and nonstationary processes.


The activity of LY146032, a new lipopeptide antibiotic, was compared in vitro with those of vancomycin, oxacillin, and ampicillin against 261 staphylococcal and 154 streptococcal isolates. The MICs of LY146032 and vancomycin were similar, but the bactericidal activity and killing kinetics of LY146032 were more pronounced.


AbstractThe equivalent moment concept for the in-plane strength problem of nonsway beam-columns is widely accepted, and the equivalent uniform moment factor is widely adopted by current design spec...


In the present work evaluated the reproductive performance of goldfish, Carassius auratus relation with morphometric parameters and climatic conditions. Study was carried during the periods from December, 2012 to April, 2013. Goldfish females standard length (17 ± 1.41cm) and total weight (23 ± 5.36 g). Gonad weight ranged between (1.50 4 g), absolute fecundity (1500-2900), relative fecundity (96.66 107.14), GSI% (9.52 13.13) and egg diameter (380 430 μ) were observed. Evaluation of Reproductive Performance and Morphometric Parameters of Goldfish, (Carassius Auratus)


The increased interest in ceramic matrix composites requires the knowledge and models to manufacture them for their intended use. Prediction of the elastic moduli of composites requires estimates of the in situ properties of each of the phases of the material: fiber, matrix, and interface. Fiber tow testing was done to determine the elastic modulus of fibers. This was followed by nano-indentation of the fibers in the actual composite systems. Nano-indentation was also done on the matrix to determine its elastic properties. The influence of the interface was modeled through its effect on the fiber transverse and shear moduli. All of these properties were entered into the PcGina model system to predict the elastic properties of the CMC systems. The result of the model was compared to a series of mechanical tests to determine the key elastic properties of the composite. This work was performed on the MI SiC/SiC system, the SiC/SiNC system and on an Oxide/Oxide system.


Hawking radiation of charged massive spin-0 particles are studied in the gravitational, electromagnetic, dilaton, and axion fields of rotating linear dilaton black holes. In this geometry, we separate the covariant Klein--Gordon equation into radial and angular parts and obtain the exact solutions of both the equations in terms of the confluent Heun functions. Using the radial solution, we analyze the behavior of the wave solutions near the event horizon of the rotating linear dilaton black hole and derive its Hawking radiation spectrum via the Damour--Ruffini--Sannan method.


The Irkutsk Research Institute of Precious and Rare Metals and Diamonds (Irgiredmet) has a 150-year history. The Institute changed its name several times, was under different departments, and was classified as secret. Its main activity is research and development, comprehensive scientific and technical assessment and development of mineral deposits, design, construction and reconstruction of metallurgical enterprises. The building of Irgiredmet is located in the central part of Irkutsk on the Embankment of the Angara River. Initially, the Irkutsk gold-alloy laboratory was located on this site. In Soviet times, a monumental building was built for Irgiredmet. Designed by architect D. M. Goldstein and engineer M. F. Anikin, it is one of the main buildings in the central part of Irkutsk.


Objective To evaluate the possibility and efficiency of early lung cancer screening using low-dose spiral CT,and to investigate the effects of prognosis of lung cancer. Methods 3005 routine chests check-up were carried on the low-dose prospect research of the SHIMADZU 7800 TX spiral CT. According to the result by tracing and long-term CT follow-up based on the baseline screening, biopsy or surgical excisions were recommended in "malignant change" or enlarged nodules. Two doctors separately interpreted all the images blindly.Results 29.9 rate of nodules in all of cases were detected. Smoking group was 1.3 times incidence of non-smoking. A whole incidence of lung cancer was 1.2, including 2.9 in people at high risk of lung cancer and 0.9 in common people. The sensitivity and specificity of lung cancer screening using low-dose spiral CT were 82.9 and 88.8 respectively, and the diagnostic accuracy of lung cancer screening in diameter of nodules less than 10 mm was high than in ones more than 10 mm. Histologically, 33 non-small cell lung cancers (19 stageⅠ, 10 stageⅡand 4 stageⅢ), 2 small cell lung cancers and 1 scar carcinoma were proved based on baseline screening by biopsy or surgery. By the end of 2007, the average survival for clinical stageⅠlung cancer was more than 4 years, clinical stageⅡwas 2~3 years and clinical stageⅢ was 1~2 years. Conclusion Low-dose spiral CT is of high sensitive and specificity in detecting early lung cancer. Preliminary screening study indicates that low-dose spiral CT can greatly improve the likelihood of detection for early lung cancer and situation of survival.


Multisegmented degradable polymers were successfully synthesized via atom transfer radical cross-coupling of α,ω-dihalogenated polymers prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization with dinitroxides. High molecular weight polymers (Mn> 100 000 g mol-1) with more than 10 cleavable units in the main chain were prepared. These multisegmented polymers were chemically and thermally degraded. Chemical degradation, via basic hydrolysis or disulfide reduction, as well as thermal degradation, by heating in the presence or in the absence of free nitroxides, led to low molecular weight polymers with relatively low polydispersity (2100 g mol-1 ≤ Mn ≤ 15 100 g mol-1; 1.08 ≤ Mw/Mn ≤ 1.46).


Studying the effects of the solid pore fills on the elastic properties of rocks is of significant importance for a range of applications, such as, for example, monitoring of heavy oil reservoirs or modeling the transport properties of the rocks affected by salt precipitation or cementation. We present the results of the laboratory solid‐substitution experiments carried out on Bentheim sandstone at a seismic frequency of 2 Hz. The experiments were performed when the pore space of the tested sample was filled sequentially with solid (23°C) and liquid (40°C) octadecane. Previously, ultrasonic measurements on the same octadecane‐filled sandstone showed significant discrepancy from the predictions of Ciz‐Shapiro theory, which was explained by the effect of stiffening of compliant pores at the grain contacts. However, the present results show good agreement with the predictions of the Ciz‐Shapiro theory and suggest that the effect of stiffening of the compliant pores in presence of solid is negligible at low frequency.


Leptin is an adipose tissue derived hormone, which has a crucial role in regulating food intake and energy expenditure. Leptin is also an important metabolic regulator, which maintains glucose and lipid homeostasis. After identification of its influences on body weight and fat mass in leptin deficient obese rodent models, leptin supplementation was used for the treatment of obesity in human. However, the administration of leptin was failed to reverse obesity in human. Obese people have found to be hyperleptinemic. Now, it is well-known that there is a positive correlation between serum leptin level and amount of adipose tissue (Considine, 1996). The high serum leptin levels in obese subjects suggested that the decreased sensitivity to leptin action was sustained the fat mass. Since exogenous obesity is associated with hyperleptinemia caused by leptin resistance, the restoration of leptin sensitivity should be considered as a useful strategy to treat exogenous obesity.


After the realization that asbestos fiber is harmful to human health, efforts to produce organic and environmentally friendly brake pads have increased.  In this study, an environmentally friendly brake pad (NUS sample) was produced with the addition of 3.5% hazelnut shell powder. Hardness and density measurements of the brake pad sample were made. Chase type device was used for the wear and friction tests. The experiments were done according to the SAE J661 standard. The average friction coefficient value obtained as a result of the experiments was found to be 0.435 µ. Bu deger standartlara uygundur ve "FF" sinifi araligindadir. This value complies with the standards and is in the "FF" class range.


Austria Multiple Religious Belonging is a type of spirituality that needs to be analyzed. This article makes use of a model that understands spiritual identity as Pafh-of-Life-Navigation and applies this to the question why those who identity themselves as multiple religious belongers navigate their spiritual life in a special way. The article argues that using the model helps to understand this special kind of spiritual identity and can set it into the context of a pluralistic world of spiritual meanings that individuals have to connect to networks of meanings. The question how two spiritual ideations make sense is tackled and answered by introducing the anamorphic points of reference in use. Multiple identity is a form of navigation using two instead of one map and making use of the difference between these for meanings as a force to proceed forward. In that way, how individuals use the tension between two historically, socially and spiritually constructed identities is in itself part of their identity


A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT T This paper presents the results and analysis of a study conducted with the objective of investigating the social, economic and the environmental impact of Solar Home Systems (SHS) in Sri Lanka. The study was conducted out through a sample selected from the district of Badulla, in the Uva province, basically considering the sub sectors of households given a grant for the acquisition of SHS and the households, which were not. The energy supply in Sri Lanka is mainly based on hydroelectricity, biomass and petroleum sources. As per estimates in 1998, these sources corresponds to 17% from hydroelectricity (1,258,000 toe), 57% from bio mass (4,218,000 toe) and 26% from petroleum oil products (1,998,000 toe) (see Fig 1.). It is evident that these estimates do not include direct solar energy usage or the use of other renewable energy sources, such as wind power, solar electricity and coal. That is basically due to their insignificance compared to the three main sources of energy. Hydro 17% Petroleu m 26% BioMass 57% Around 75% of national energy supply comes from renewable sources of energy; biomass and large hydro plants. Attempts have been made to promote photovoltaic (PV) for rural lighting, wind energy for lift irrigation, agricultural residues for industrial heating, biogas generators for domestic use and solar water heaters for industry, hotels and domestic use, but their contributions have still remained relatively small. Though the Ceylon Electricity Board started popularizing solar PV for rural domestic lighting in the early 1980s, it is presently the private sector, which is mainly involved in installing domestic solar energy systems in Sri Lanka. A large number of grid connected as well as isolated small hydro power plants are now being developed by the private sector, although their total contribution still remains small in comparison with conventional large hydropower development. The use of dendro power plants (fuel wood-fired plants) with energy plantations is still in the experimentation stage in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka has seen a rapid boost in the SHS sales during the recent years. One of the major reasons for such a growth is the monetary incentive the house holds has got in terms of easy pay schemes and grants. These would be discussed in depth in the chapters to come. One of the major objectives of our study was to contribute to a better understanding of the impact …


With a view toward a theory of fracton and embeddon in condensed matter, we introduce a higher-moment polynomial degree-(m-1) global symmetry, acting on complex scalar/vector/tensor fields. We relate this higher-moment global symmetry of $n$-dimensional space, to a lower degree (either ordinary or higher-moment, e.g., degree-(m-1-$\ell$)) subdimensional or subsystem global symmetry on layers of $(n-\ell)$-submanifolds. These submanifolds are algebraic affine varieties (i.e., solutions of polynomials). The structure of layers of submanifolds as subvarieties can be studied via mathematical tools of embedding, foliation and algebraic geometry. We also generalize Noether's theorem for this higher-moment polynomial global symmetry. We can promote the higher-moment global symmetry to a local symmetry, and derive a new family of higher-rank-m symmetric tensor gauge theory by gauging. By further gauging a discrete charge conjugation symmetry, we derive a new more general class of non-abelian rank-m tensor gauge field theory: a hybrid class of (symmetric or non-symmetric) higher-rank-m tensor gauge theory and anti-symmetric tensor topological field theory, generalizing [arXiv:1909.13879]'s theory interplaying between gapless and gapped sectors.


With the rise in popularity of compatible finite element, finite difference, and finite volume discretizations for the time domain eddy current equations, there has been a corresponding need for fast solvers of the resulting linear algebraic systems. However, the traits that make compatible discretizations a preferred choice for the Maxwell's equations also render these linear systems essentially intractable by truly black-box techniques. We propose an algebraic reformulation of the discrete eddy current equations along with a new algebraic multigrid (AMG) technique for this reformulated problem. The reformulation process takes advantage of a discrete Hodge decomposition on cochains to replace the discrete eddy current equations by an equivalent $2\times2$ block linear system whose diagonal blocks are discrete Hodge-Laplace operators acting on 1-cochains and 0-cochains, respectively. While this new AMG technique requires somewhat specialized treatment on the finest mesh, the coarser meshes can be handled using standard methods for Laplace-type problems. Our new AMG method is applicable to a wide range of compatible methods on structured and unstructured grids, including edge finite elements, mimetic finite differences, covolume methods, and Yee-like schemes. We illustrate the new technique, using edge elements in the context of smoothed aggregation AMG, and present computational results for problems in both two and three dimensions.


The article presents the results of studies on the effect of planting schemes and inorganic fertilizers on the removal of nutrition elements in sugarbeet root crops in the conditions of the Ganja-Gazakh massif. The region is steadily developing in the agricultural sector of Azerbaijan. Analysis of the research results made it possible to establish the optimal planting scheme and inorganic fertilizers application, which contribute to an increase in nutrition elements in sugarbeet root crops. It was revealed that the optimal option is the use of inorganic fertilizers in the norm N90P120K90 (respectively: 90.20–125.42; 36.00–50.20 and 65.50–92.00 kg/ha).


The number of client requests that a streaming server can handle is limited by both its computational resources and available bandwidth. While bandwidth capacity is critical for most streaming applications, computational resources for a server encoding live videos often become a critical factor as well. In order to serve more client requests or provide higher quality for high priority clients, it is desirable to allocate and adjust the computational resources on a per channel basis. In this paper, we proposed a complexity-aware live video streaming server system that manages the computational resources dynamically. In the proposed system, input videos are encoded with different quality levels based on their priorities and available computational resources. The computational resources for each encoder are adaptively allocated to match the time constraints. The seven quality levels defined in the XviD MPEG-4 encoder are used in our experiments. The results show that the new design is able to maximize the resource utilization by maintaining the highest priority channels quality while providing the other channels with best-effort quality.


Method of encapsulating a substance, the step of selecting substances for encapsulating, putting the material in a solvent material, the material solution in the immiscible liquid medium not miscible step to form the substance solution, and the solvent and substance 1 It comprises the step of forming the next emulsion, wherein the material solution is functioning as the dispersed phase of the primary emulsion. The immiscible liquid medium functions as the continuous phase of the primary emulsion, wherein the immiscible liquid medium includes a encapsulant dissolved therein, wherein the encapsulant is crosslinked. The primary emulsion, as a droplet, was added to the crosslinking medium, then activating the crosslinking of the encapsulant, to form the droplets bead. .FIELD 1


The interesting phenomenon of CD undersizing has been predicted by simulations to occur in high contrast/high exposure margin resists imaged with high numerical aperture steppers. Under these conditions the out-of-focus images of dense arrays, which are 1:1 at best focus, print too small. The phenomenon is particularly prevalent at geometries which are larger than those near the resolution limit of the imaging tool, and is most apparent when the resist surface is moved away from the focal plane. In this study CD undersizing is demonstrated experimentally and explored in more detail using computer simulation for both actual state-of- the-art i-line resist/imaging systems, and for hypothetical resist systems having monotonically increasing contrast. The origin of the effect is due to the characteristics of the aerial image intensity profile of partially coherent illumination. In particular, the relative intensity at the mask edge may increase with defocus depending upon the spatial frequency (linewidth), partial coherence, and numerical aperture of the imaging system. This results in an `over-exposure' condition and hence undersizing of the out-of-focus images may occur. The same aerial image characteristics give rise to the familiar `pipe-bowl' effect observed in the (zero defocus) mask- linearity plots, which are frequently used to characterize positive resists. The magnitude of undersizing decreases with increase in partial coherence, increases with resist contrast and may lead to retrograde profiles.


This paper aims to present an Intelligent Street Light System which is used to control the intensity of street lights based on motion detection of people and vehicles and to turn on the LED lights only when required. The system provides a cost-effective and an energy efficient solution for street lighting applications. The system operates in two modes, Bright state and Dim State. Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensors are used for motion detection. On detection of motion, the LED Bulbs are put into BRIGHT state, which otherwise remain in DIM state. The change in intensity levels from DIM to BRIGHT and vice-versa is achieved by a dimmer circuit. Detection of motion is also communicated to neighboring street lights, over WiFi, which also then change their state to BRIGHT state. The microcontroller used is ESP8266.


It analyses the advantage of non-linear editting system of TV station in enterprise. It has explored the type of the board-card 、the network dispose and the management of vedio in non-linear editting system.