Internships are becoming an important component in undergraduate programs across a wide range of disciplines. Escalating financial and scheduling conflicts have been found to force students to make difficult decisions regarding participation. This mixed methods case study was conducted in a human services undergraduate program that requires a 450-clock hour internship. It was hypothesized that a majority of students would recommend either a shorter internship, or elimination of the requirement entirely. The opposite was found. A significant majority (X2 [2, n = 86] = 47.53, p < .001) believed that the 450-clock hour internship was the appropriate length. This was consistent for females and non-traditional students, two at-risk groups for financial and scheduling conflicts. Qualitative responses suggested that students found successful ways to address the financial and scheduling concerns. This study provides support that students believe in the benefits of internship, even when facing financial and scheduling conflicts.


Abstract This research reports empirical evidence of the pedagogical benefits of using two interactive types of immersive spherical dome screens (large and small). Results are drawn from an experiment measuring the emotional, cognitive, perceptual/attitudinal states, and learning outcomes of 102 participants divided into control/experimental groups and group/individual pedagogical contexts. Specifically, this paper aimed to investigate the extent to which using interactivity in immersive technologies has positive learning outcomes and provide a positive learning experience. Building upon the INTERACT model, our results show that, in a smaller dome, the learner's cognitive state, perception and attitudes play a mediating role regarding the impact of interactivity on learning outcomes. However, we did not observe a difference between the larger and smaller dome as for the learning outcomes. These results bring further insight into optimal educational practices in an immersive context and are relevant for pedagogical designers and immersive technologies manufacturers.


Cooperative spectrum sensing conditionally provides outstanding sensing performance in comparison to distributed spectrum sensing. Game theory has already been used to explore such conditions. In this work, sensing samples/sensing duration is dynamically altered in a continuously changing RF environment to achieve maximum throughput. Genetic Algorithm is accessed to optimize sensing samples. Effect of optimum number of samples in spectrum sensing game is also presented.


A switching power supply is proposed.The active clamp circuits are introduced to achieve soft-switching of switches in power stage.The control circuit is simplified based on a combination controller.The experiment results show that the power supply meets the demands of performance.


ABSTRACT:I didn't know David Montgomery, but I feel connected to him. A leading scholar of American labor history in the 1970s and 1980s, Montgomery shaped the whole field of which I'm a junior member. He wrote classics on workers' control of production and the sources of class consciousness at the turn of the century. He mentored dozens of graduate students, many now prominent historians. He was a Marxist, an internationalist, and ally of the workers' movement all his life - someone who only went to graduate school after FBI hounded him from factory to factory through the 1950s, stamping out the pockets of solidarity he left behind.


A method and a system to remove stink of the pigpen are provided, which prevent the problem according to the hypothermia of the pig by cool air of the emitted water. A method to remove stink of pigpen comprises: a first odor-removing step which sprays the dilute sodium hypochlorite and absorbs and removes the bad smell; a second odor-removing step which removes the bad smell which is not absorbed in the first odor-removing step using the dilute sodium hypochlorite sprayed to the spraying nozzle(202) of the pipeline(201); and a third odor-removing step which absorbs the bad smell of the bad smell gas passing through the filter by dropping the dilute sodium hypochlorite to the spraying nozzle of pipeline.


Abstract The adsorption and reactivity of 1-hexene, 1,5-hexadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, and 1,3,5-hexatriene on clean Pd(111) and hydrogen (deuterium)-saturated/Pd(111) were investigated using temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy. The low-temperature adsorption configuration for the linear C 6 hydrocarbons is proposed to be a weakly π-bonded species. The adsorbed molecules first desorb molecularly with a fraction converting to a more tightly bonded half-hydrogenated state, which either β-hydride eliminates to release the alkene or dehydrogenates completely to adsorbed carbon and hydrogen. Dehydrocyclization to benzene is observed on this surface, whereas it does not occur on Pd(100). Cyclization of 1,3,5-hexatriene to benzene occurs at temperatures as low as 333 K on Pd(111). Although hydrogenation of 1,3-hexadiene adsorbed on clean Pd(111) and of 1,3-hexadiene and 1,5-hexadiene adsorbed on H/Pd(111) to hexene was observed, and hexatriene was hydrogenated to hexadiene and hexene, hydrogenation of the alkenes to hexane was not observed for any of the unsaturated species. H–D exchange into all the adsorbed alkenes was observed. The exchange reaction is proposed to occur through the reversible C–H bond formation in a half-hydrogenated intermediate.


Background  Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is characterized by autoantibodies against desmoglein (Dsg) 3 or both Dsg1 and Dsg3, i.e. desmosomal adhesion molecules.


The prevalence of nonlinear dynamic characteristics and the interference of outliers are common occurrences in modern industrial systems. However, previous studies have inadequately considered the impact of these factors on process monitoring. This article introduces a hybrid framework, referred to as spatiotemporal preserving projections (STPPs), for fault detection in complex processes. First, the conventional global and local preserving projection (GLPP) has been modified to address the constraints of hyperparameters and improve resilience. This is accomplished by proposing a strategy based on sparse representation to automatically determine local neighborhood in the global and local weight matrices. In addition, a rank-order distance (ROD)-based index is formulated to cope with outliers in the local weight matrix construction. Second, the modified GLPP is combined with slow feature analysis (SFA) to form the STPP method. This enables simultaneous preservation of spatial and temporal data structures in dimension reduction, further enhancing monitoring accuracy. Finally, a numerical case and a wastewater treatment process demonstrate that the proposed STPP-based approach outperforms other relevant methods in fault detection.


The constraints on the number of neutrinos generations, g'1 coupling and Z - Z′ mixing angle through the invisible width method, and in the framework of a U(1)B-L model are obtained. Based on the experimental value reported by the LEP for the rate , we obtained a bound on the g'1 coupling, . In addition, we derive 90% C.L. bounds on the Z - Z′ mixing angle , improving the existing bounds by one order of magnitude.


Spacecraft when placed in plasma, spacecraft charging occurs which results in ESD discharge. This paper focuses on ESD fields radiated in spacecraft level and the noise coupled to a nearby wire when it is exposed to these radiated fields. A dipole model is considered to predict the transient radiated fields. The ESD current data is experimentally obtained in order to obtain the noise coupled to nearby wire. Furthermore, telegrapher's equations have been employed to compute the induced current and voltage. Additionally, the fields radiated and noise coupled to the wire under various conditions are computed and plotted.


High performance analog/digital elements have been successfully fabricated by 0.13μm low-K/Cu logic based mixed-signal CMOS process in a single chip to enable 2.1Gb/s read-channel for HDD, that's record-high data rate supported by fully CMOS solution. The high performance analog (HPA) devices demonstrate superior drivability, matching, noise immunity, and reliability by a unique dual gate oxide module to support aggressive oxide thickness scaling and maintain promisingly good reliability in all aspects.


Implementing an analysis and display architecture for the next generation of HP logic analyzers presented opportunities and challenges for the cross-functional design team assigned to the task. Freed from the boundaries of commercial real-time instrument operating systems and needing to offer a flexible and high-performance window-based interface, the project team took a long look at both technologies and the total envelope of costs before settling on an encapsulated measurement server architecture based on an HP 9000 Series 700 workstation.


In the case of viscous flows and flows with mixed important viscous-inviscid effects, non-smooth solutions require graded meshes with highly stretched elements, which might compromise the solution. In the present work, some numerical experiments using different classes of meshes of linear isoparametric elements are performed to analyse/compare the performance of an adaptive finite element CAU method (consistent approximate upwind method), driven by an anisotropic error estimator. An integrated computational system for automatic bidimensional mesh generation which is flexible for generating consistent anisotropic triangular, quadrilateral or mixed meshes over arbitrary domains is used. The results demonstrate the advantage of using a flexible mesh generator that incorporates facilities for controlling the quality, gradation and directional stretching of the elements.


We suggest the notion of H-centred surface area of a graph G, where H is a subgraph of G, i.e. the number of vertices in G at a certain distance from H, and focus on the special case when H is a length two path to derive an explicit formula for the length two path-centred surface areas of the general and scalable arrangement graph.


Hydraulic cement, water, and hyperbranched polyether surfactant cementitious composition comprising a. Hyperbranched polyether surfactant, when an aqueous admixture composition of the cementitious composition comprises a stabilizer by further surfactants or antifoaming agents, and if optionally dispersing agent, by. Cementitious material, water, hyperbranched polyether surfactant, if dispersants cementitious composition, additional surfactants or antifoaming optionally and optionally comprises admixing the stabilizer with the cementitious composition how to manufacture things.


The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, comprising 80 parts by weight of pomegranate juice, 180 parts by weight of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and an antioxidant. Wherein said antioxidants are: rice husk, carrots, pumpkin, cinnamon, broccoli, strawberry, blueberry, raspberry, green tea, Polygonatum, treating diabetes, tomato, pumpkin seeds, resveratrol, vitamin E, vitamin C a grape seeds, Brazil nuts, Brazil cherry, barley bran, rosemary, walnut leaves, tamarind seed coat, cabbage, spinach, garlic, Brazilian cherry and other raw materials or raw extract or concentrate or a few species composition. The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention in the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular diseases, in the treatment or prevention of hypertension, in the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular and smooth muscle spasm having a certain value in the amplification of vascular smooth muscle.


A 70 MeV cyclotron is being used at the Arronax GIP (Interest Public Group), France, for various types of R&D on nuclear, biological and chemical reactions with beams and radioisotopes production. In order to adapt its usage for experiments and users demands of high peak intensity, above an equivalent average of a few μA, the injection is being adapted. Several studies are thus being performed in this section. These include the newly installed chopperbased system and the injection collimator. This paper details the various studies, specifically the signal purity obtained in the pulsed mode. A mode particularly adapted for flash irradiation.


This article aims to describe, explain and propose the implementation of a Mobile LoRaWAN Gateway device and how this can use the benefits of the LoRaWAN communication protocol and system architecture along with IoT to bring a new solution for applications which need a mobile alternative, or which not have the resources to support a conventional LoRaWAN gateway solution. The purpose of this project is to test the capabilities of the LoRaWANtaking a different approach and prove its advantages against other similar solutions that do not use LoRaWANfor some applications.


Pressure distribution data are provided for a supersonic rectangular inlet at subsonic speeds. Variations in cowl and ramp geometry as well as sideplate sweep were investigated. Tests were made in the Langley 16-foot transonic tunnel and the Langley high speed 7- by 10-foot tunnel for Mach numbers of 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8. Angles of attack investigated were 0 deg, 4 deg, and 8 deg for a range of mass flow ratios.


The Starkey SurfLink Mobile 2 is a remote microphone accessory. Starkey claims that by placing the SurfLink's internal microphone in the directional microphone setting, the participant will hear better in noise over the omnidirectional setting. This study aims to test the thisthe claim about the device.


The preparation process, data processing and certification result of aluminum base spectrum standurd samples containing 31 elements were described in the paper. The developed standard samples have reached the design index and met the requirements for adjustment and calibration of advanced spectrum devices. The main technical index had reached the advanced international level of the same kind standard samples.


Today, the SSL protocol has been used as core part in various computing environments or security systems. But, the SSL protocol has several problems, because of the rigidity on operating. First, SSL protocol brings considerable burden to the CPU utilization so that performance of the security service in encryption transaction is lowered because it encrypts all data which is transferred between a server and a client. Second, SSL protocol can be vulnerable for cryptanalysis due to the key in fixed algorithm being used. Third, it is difficult to add and use another new cryptography algorithms. Finally. it is difficult for developers to learn use cryptography API(Application Program Interface) for the SSL protocol. Hence, we need to cover these problems, and, at the same time, we need the secure and comfortable method to operate the SSL protocol and to handle the efficient data. In this paper, we propose the SSL component which is designed and implemented using CBD(Component Based Development) concept to satisfy these requirements. The SSL component provides not only data encryption services like the SSL protocol but also convenient APIs for the developer unfamiliar with security. Further, the SSL component can improve the productivity and give reduce development cost. Because the SSL component can be reused. Also, in case of that new algorithms are added or algorithms are changed, it Is compatible and easy to interlock. SSL Component works the SSL protocol service in application layer. First of all, we take out the requirements, and then, we design and implement the SSL Component, confidentiality and integrity component, which support the SSL component, dependently. These all mentioned components are implemented by EJB, it can provide the efficient data handling when data is encrypted/decrypted by choosing the data. Also, it improves the usability by choosing data and mechanism as user intend. In conclusion, as we test and evaluate these component, SSL component is more usable and efficient than existing SSL protocol, because the increase rate of processing time for SSL component is lower that SSL protocol's.


SINCE the incidence of transposition of the great vessels is approximately one in 20,000 live births, and since many of the infants affected have short lives, the prevalence of the condition is not such that the practitioner will see many cases. Still, the interest of the physician in these patients should transcend the pragmatic aspects of the minor publichealth problem presented by care of the individual patient thus afflicted. The reason for this statement is that locked within the mechanism of survival may be possible clues leading to solution of control of the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Attention of the reader is drawn to two communications pertaining to transposition of the great vessels in this issue of Circulation: one, by Ferencz, describes the anatomic changes in the pulmonary vasculature; the other, by Rahimtoola and associates, presents a method of obtaining pressure and oxygen saturation of the blood in the pulmonary artery. The extent of the vascular obstructive change reported by Ferencz is remarkable indeed, particularly among members of the very young age group. The change is such that it might well engender concern on the part of the surgeon and physician from the points of view of the optimal time for operation and the degree to which hopes for a low operative mortality rate and successful rehabilitation, can be regarded as realistic. In many instances of transposition of these vessels a transvenous catheter cannot be manipulated into the pulmonary artery. At such a time adaptation of Radner's procedure for pulmonary arterial puncture, as described by Rahimtoola and associates, should prove most helpful in measurement of pulmonary arterial pressure and flow which are crucial data in appraisal of the extent of any pulmonary vascular obstruction. The hemodynamic aberration when the


Donald Black's The Behavior of Law contains the most powerful sociological theory of legal variation ever produced. Despite the critical reactions of some analysts, the generality, testability, originality, and validity of the theory have been well-established. The one area where the theory can be improved, however, involves the criterion of "parsimony." The following paper demonstrates that roughly two dozen of Black's original propositions actually reduce to four primary propositions, characterized in terms of status locations along the different vectors of social space. Each of the original propositions can be deduced from these four general propositions without losing any explanatory value or the capacity to order existing "facts" in regard to legal variation.


Angiotensin II (Ang II) is an important regulator of proximal tubule salt and water reabsorption. Recent studies indicate that rabbit proximal tubule angiotensin II receptors are the type-1 (AT1R) subtype. Westudied the effect of Ang II on proximal tubule receptor expression. Rabbits were treated with either angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or a low salt diet to modulate endogenous Ang H levels. In captopril-treated rabbits, liver and glomerular ATjR mRNAlevels increased 242±125 and 141±60%, respectively (n = 6-7; P < 0.05), as determined by quantitative PCR. In contrast, proximal tubule AT1R mRNAlevels decreased 40±11% (n = 6; P < 0.05). Binding of "~I Ang II to renal cortical basolateral membranes of captopril-treated rabbits decreased from 2.9±0.55 to 1.4±0.17 fmol/mg protein (n = 6; P < 0.025). In rabbits fed a sodium chloridedeficient diet for 4 wk, AT1R mRNAlevels decreased 52±11% in liver and 43±7% in glomeruli (n = 4-5; P< 0.05), whereas they increased 141±85% (n = 5; P < 0.05) in proximal tubule. In basolateral membranes from rabbits on the sodium chloride-deficient diet, specific binding of 1"I Ang II increased from 2.1±0.2 to 4.3±1.1 fmol/ mg protein (n = 7; P < 0.05). To determine whether Ang II directly regulates expression of proximal tubule AT1 receptors, further studies were performed in cultured proximal tubule cells grown from microdissected S1 segments of rabbit proximal tubules and immortalized by transfection with a replication-defective SV40 vector. Incubation of these cells with Ang H (10-11 to 10-7 M) led to concentrationdependent increases in both AT1RmRNAlevels and specific "2I Ang II binding. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin inhibited Ang II stimulation of AT1R mRNA. AT1R mRNAexpression was decreased by either forskolin or a nonhydrolyzable cAMP analogue (dibutryl cAMP). Simultaneous Ang II administration overcame the inhibitory effect of forskolin but not dibutryl cAMP. These results indicate that proximal tubule ATjR expression is regulated by ambient Ang II levels, and Ang II increases ATRmRNAat least in part by decreasing proximal tubule cAMP generation through a pertussis toxin-sensitive mechanism. Upregulation of proximal tubule ATRby Ang II may be important in mediating enhanced proximal tubule sodium reabsorpAddress correspondence to R. C. Harris, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, S-3223 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232. Phone: 615-343-0030; FAX: 615-343-7156. Received for publication 10 March 1994 and in revised form 11 January 1995. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Inc. Volume 95, May 1995, 2012-2019 tion in states of elevated systemic or intrarenal Ang II. (J. Clin. Invest. 1995. 95:2012-2019.)


Abstract : Provides information to field users who are responsible for introducing automation into command and control functions. It is designed to specifically enhance user appreciation of automation capabilities and maximize effectiveness of a man-machine system. This document does not address the technical areas of programming and software design, but rather addresses issues for the commander and staff that must be considered in exploiting automation capabilities to further improve command and control operations. In addition to describing the basic principles that apply to the use of computer support into information systems in general, and to military systems in particular, this document also provides a section on information system theory and terminology.


We carried out a field experiment with a well-developed sorghum crop to validate a water use and uptake model proposed by Van Bavel and Ahmed (1976). Actual transpiration is determined from standard daily weather data and the leaf area index and root penetration development, as inputs, and from a canopy resistance, which is a function of the effective water potential of the leaf canopy. This canopy potential is, in turn, a function of the transpiration rate, a constant hydraulic root/canopy resistance, and an effective soil water potential. The latter is a root density weighted average value of the water potential over a number of soil layers. Water uptake from each layer is determined from the relative root density and the difference in water potential between the canopy and that layer. The algorithm allows water uptake as well as water excretion by the roots. The calculated evapotranspiration over a 50-d period was not significantly different from the experimental values. Soil water content profiles calculated with the model showed some systematic deviation from the measured values, possibly because the physical nature of the profile was assumed to be homogeneous. The spread of the simulated results reflects the field variation of hydraulic soil properties. A sensitivity analysis showed minor response to rooting depth and distribution and moderate response to the excretion of water by the roots into dry soil layers. Finally, we examined the ability of the model to predict root zone water content and canopy temperatures, the latter with a view toward potential application of remote sensing in the determination of canopy water stress.


A kind of optimization algorithm about large deformation of geometric non-linear beams applied distributed force is proposed to compute angle and displacement of geometric non-linear beams on complex loads.Making unknown rotating angle and coordinates under equilibrium state as design variables,relation of internal force and deformation of simple support beam in equilibrium state is analyzed and programmed objective function is formed,a non-constrain optimization problem computing large deformation is built.Deformation of Simple support beam applied distributed force is computed with program.Large deformation result is given.Contrasted with Ansys 9.0 method,effectiveness is verified by practical example.The new optimization method will be used to decide large engineering deformation problem.


The core in designing IC is growing more complex and abundant, so it requires higher specialization as its availability. Aiming to build up core library, in this paper, the advanced MRAS (Model Reference Adaptive System) scheme based speed sensorless drive of induction motor is presented first. Finally, a common core is created based on CPLD.10-bit system (the result of the estimated speed is a 10-bit digital) and a 12-bit one are presented, morever, their precisions and LC (Logic Cells) usages are compared. Experimental results are given to show its effectiveness. The result shows that designing a high capability AC control IC used this core as an embedded core with other CPU or DSP core can shorten efficiently the CPU processing time and constitute high performance close-loop control system.


Sir, Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is the most common cause of death secondary to long bone fractures. The classic triad of respiratory distress, petechial rash and neurological dysfunction is diagnostic of FES (1). While neurological features may take many forms, abnormal pupillary signs are not described as a part of FES. We wish to report abnormal pupillary signs in a case of FES which confounded the diagnosis. An 18-year-old boy presented to the emergency services of our hospital 1h after being involved in a road-side accident. He had a sustained bilateral fracture shaft of the femur with no clinical features of head, thoracic or abdominal trauma or any neurological deficit. Patient was fully conscious [Glasgow coma scale (GCS) 15/ 15]. His pupils were equal in size and reacted to light. Over the next few hours he became febrile, tachypnoeic and desaturated (paO2 58.1mmHg and SpO2 85% on room air). Patient was shifted to the ICU with a provisional diagnosis of FES and received oxygen by a face mask. Laboratory data (including electrolytes, blood glucose and arterial blood gases), chest roentgonogram, electrocardiogram and fundoscopy were unremarkable. Approximately 24h later the patient started neurologically deteriorated (GCS decreased from 15/15 to 6/15 over 1h), accompanied by two episodes of vomiting, and became deeply comatose. In view of the neurological deterioration, the patient was immediately intubated and ventilated (IPPV mode, Evita2 Drager, Germany). At this time it was observed that his pupils were unequal in size but reacted to light. Keeping in mind the possibility of intracranial injury (signs of raised intracranial pressure), an urgent computerized tomogram (CT scan) was performed which revealed generalized cerebral edema with no intracranial collection or contusion. It was decided to continue conservative treatment and he subsequently showed gradual improvement of the neurological status. He was weaned off the ventilator over 12days and extubated. Search of available literature did not show any results on pupillary signs in FES. Severe neurological disturbances in FES may result from fat embolization to the brain, and cerebral signs are due to edema, microinfarction and demyelination (2). This may lead to unequal pupil sizes, as happened in our patient. In multisystem injury it may be difficult to distinguish neurological features related to traumatic brain injury from those of hypoxia secondary to acute lung injury (1). Hence an early recourse to CT or preferably magnetic resonance imaging may allow exclusion of direct intracranial injury as a confounding factor, as happened in our patient.


Annulus safe valve is a tool which isn't only widely applied into protect offshore oil and gas wells,terrestrial flowing wells and gas wells from losing control in abroad,but also the technology is largely used in domestic. International major oil companies such as Halliburton,Baker Hughes and Weatherford have produced a series of products and industrially applied.Domestic enterprise like Drilling and Producing Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield and Drilling and Producing Research Institute of Liaohe Oilfield have researched annulus safe valves and tested in oil field,and all those only kept in the experimental phase.The paper primarily introduces the technology development process,tools structure and working principle of safe valve,describes the characteristics of foreign companies'products and the correlative patents in abroad and domestic and API standards.


We study the profile-kernel and backfitting methods in partially linear models for clusteredslongitudinal data. For independent data, despite the potential root-n inconsistency of the backfitting estimator noted by Rice (1986), the two estimators have the same asymptotic variance matrix, as shown by Opsomer & Ruppert (1999). In this paper, theoretical comparisons of the two estimators for multivariate responses are investigated. We show that, for correlated data, backfitting often produces a larger asymptotic variance than the profile-kernel methods that is, for clustered data, in addition to its bias problem, the backfitting estimator does not have the same asymptotic efficiency as the profile-kernel estimator. Consequently, the common practice of using the backfitting method to compute profile-kernel estimates is no longer advised. We illustrate this in detail by following Zeger & Diggle (1994) and Lin & Carroll (2001) with a working independence covariance structure for nonparametric estimation and a correlated covariance structure for parametric estimation. Numerical performance of the two estimators is investigated through a simulation study. Their application to an ophthalmology dataset is also described. Copyright Biometrika Trust 2004, Oxford University Press.


PURPOSE: A separator membrane for lithium secondary battery is provided to be strengthened, permeable and have a shut-down feature. CONSTITUTION: A separator membrane for lithium secondary is 0.5~10 g/10 minutes melt index at a temperature of 230 °C and a weight of 2.16 kg and propylene grade copolymer comprising more than comonomer 0.1-8 by weight %. The membrane comprises porosity of 20-99% (thickness of 1~100 micron) and shut-down function at a below of 137 °C. The membrane is made after precursor film without holes is pressured, gone through in annealing process and heated.


This essay traces the changing relationship between horticulture, agriculture, and philosophy across the seventeenth century, as the personae of the philosophical husbandman and the philosophical gardener intertwined and competed. At stake in the dynamics between them was the relationship between abstruse researches and practical applications in evolving experimental philosophy, as well as the aesthetic of experimental practices and rhetoric. Early seventeenth-century promoters of colonial projects, such as Virginian sericulture, situated the metropolitan pleasure garden, a place of whimsy and fantastical reasoning, as a realm of trial that presumed eventual utility and application to large-scale husbandry. Such views informed relationships between fanciful trials, speculative proposals, and presumptions of future utility in the development of the persona of the philosophical gardener and attendant notions of experimental philosophy over the course of the century.


An interactive DSS designed to simulate ship voyage alternatives was used to schedule a ship for Monsanto, where several different voyage alternatives needed to be evaluated periodically. The DSS saves an estimated $20,000 per year.


Single-bath, pulsed electrodeposition of Cu-Sn alloy films was performed in a bath containing Lucent Technology's SnTech plating solution and copper sulfate. Films with varying Cu-Sn stoichiometries were deposited. Deposited films were between ∼3 and 6 μm thick. These films were used as working electrodes in Li/Cu-Sn electrochemical cells to test their suitability as negative electrodes for Li-ion cells. As the Cu content in the film is increased. specific capacity is sacrificed for capacity retention. Films with a Cu-Sn atomic ratio of 0.27 (high Sn content) had a maximum specific capacity of 500 mAh/g, however capacity retention is only about 20% of the original capacity after 40 cycles. High Cu content films (Cu-Sn atomic ratio of 3.83) yield specific capacities near 200 mAh/g, with 80% capacity retention after 40 cycles.


The utility model is adaptable to power aircrafts with fixed wings. The utility model has two kinds of flying performance, which are the fixed-wing aircraft flying performance and the helicopter flying performance. When the utility model is used on a horizontal tail wing, a vertical tail wing can be canceled. In the utility model, an engine is arranged on a fuselage or a fixed wing through a wing tip, the fixed wing is positioned near the fuselage and the wing can rotate around a drive shaft. Double rotary wings which have opposite rotating directions are arranged on the wing, Power passes through the engine and the drive shaft and reaches a conical gear group where the power is changed into torque in the opposite direction. The torque passes through the drive shaft of the rotary wings so as to reach the double rotary wings. Just the rotating wing and the double rotary wings arranged on the wing can complete the control of flying states and the conversion of flying functions. The double rotary wings are used so that the aircraft can use a runway to carry out short distance takeoff. Consequently, the goals of energy consumption reduction, loading capacity increase and cost reduction are reached.


Objective To investigate the general circumstances and patterns of adverse drug reactions(ADRs),and to analyze the causes,so as to improve rational drug usage in clinic.Methods The 334 adverse drug reaction(ADR) cases reported in our hospital from March 2008 to July 2010 were retrospectively analyzed with respect to patients′gender and age,type of ADR,category of drug,and the severity of ADR.Results Of the 334 ADR cases,more occurred in males(172 cases,51.50%),and in patients aged 60 and older(86 cases,25.75%) and 0~10 y(54 cases,16.17%),mainly administrated by intravenous drip(297 cases,86.34%) and oral administration(28 cases,8.14%).Most of ADR cases were induced by single drug application(249 cases,74.55%).Anti-infectious drugs were the most common drug that caused ADR,accounting for 54.13% of all cases.Lesions of skin and its appendants were the main clinical manifestations.Leading the list in terms of incidence rate of ADRs were Levofloxacin,clindamycin,and ceftazidime.The severity of ADR was not critical,most were cured or got better.Conclusion More emphasis should be given to the monitoring of ADRs.Observation during drug application should be strengthened to ensure safe and rational drug usage in order to reduce or avoid the occurrence of ADRs.


System dynamics identification has an important role in engineering, such as for modeling, simulation of dynamic mechanisms and controller design. The accuracy of estimation certainly depends on how the input variables used for estimation are obtained. Often higher order derivatives of the measured independent variables suffer from noise and quantization error compromising the estimation accuracy and conversion. In this paper, we propose a method to avoid successive numerical differentiation for enhanced identification. The proposed method is evaluated using the Least Squares identification method through simulations of twenty sets of dynamic parameters and experiments on a single degree-of-freedom platform. The performance is evaluated in terms of parameter convergence and output prediction.


BACKGROUND
 Cosmetic dermatological procedures which are aimed at enhancing the external appearance have troublesome yet preventable adverse effects. At present, there is a lack of a comprehensive screening guideline to detect patients with risk factors for such adverse effects.

 OBJECTIVE
 To introduce a comprehensive screening checklist to pick up the patients' risk factors in advance, in order to prevent or minimize adverse effects from cosmetic dermatological procedures.

 METHODS
 The checklist was administered to 1150 patients attending an outpatient dermatology clinic for cosmetic dermatological procedures. Checklist composed of 30 'yes/no' type questions and 7 other components in the pre-procedure workup.

 RESULTS
 Except for two risk factors (being pregnant and having a pacemaker inserted), all other assessed possible risk factors were present in one or more patients who attended for procedures. The most prevalent risk factor was the current use of medications in 226 (19.65%) patients. The other commonly found risk factors were: lack of full understanding of the procedure (14.52%) and phobia/fear of injections (9.30%).

 CONCLUSIONS
 The screening checklist that we used is a simple yet comprehensive tool for minimizing the possible adverse effects of cosmetic dermatological procedures. We were able to postpone, take remedial actions or alter the cosmetic dermatological procedures after going through the checklist and increase patient satisfaction and improve the safety of the doctor as well.

 CLINICALTRIAL
 Not applicable


Four generations of dairy farming have come to an end in the Lockyer Valley as low prices force one of the region's largest suppliers to sell up.


This paper presents an idea to apply Jackson¿s JSP method, which is suitable for the transformation problem frame, into the state transition design, presented in the behavior problem frame in Jackson¿s problem frames. First, properties of the problem domain are described in state transition rules of events and states. Next, the requirement is described by the relations of domain states which are occurred in the same period of time. Then domain state transition rules are combined into a requirement state transition, and finally, domain events are allocated into the requirement state transition as actions to obtain the machine specification.


Two MEMS thin film aluminium nitride ultrasound transducer array designs for photoacoustic sensing applications are presented. They are characterized using the pitch and catch technique and photoacoustic excitation. The results of both approaches are subsequently compared.


We present an interactive approach for multi-class segmentation of aerial images. It consists in a deep neural network which takes as input RGB images and annotations. Initial segmentation is image-based only. During interactions, user inputs are processed by the network trained on virtual annotations. It is noteworthy there is no retraining during the interactions, enabling a fast and smooth process. In the context of extremely high resolution images such as the ones captured by drone, we show that a human-in-the-loop is extremely rewarding whatever the experimental environment and the network architecture used.


The invention provides a simple low-oxygen tent for medical research, exercise training and household bodybuilding. The device mainly comprises an air inlet pump (1), a tent (3), an air exhaust pump (12) and a console (13), wherein the air inlet pump (1) and the air exhaust pump (12) are connected with the tent (3) through a double-channel air inlet valve (2) and an air exhaust valve (11) respectively; an observation window (4) and a sealing zipper door (5) are arranged on the tent; a pressure detector (9) and an oxygen concentration detector (7) are arranged in the tent; an alarm is given through a buzz alarm (6) and a red-light alarm (8) when oxygen concentration or pressure is abnormal; the pressure detector (9), the oxygen concentration detector (7), the buzz alarm (6) , the double-channel air inlet valve (2) , the electronic control air exhaust valve (11) and the red-light alarm (8) are connected with the console all through a circuit (10); the inside of the tent is supported by an aluminum alloy skeleton; a skin is integrally made of pressure-resistant sealing rubber through one-step molding; and interfaces are sealed through sealing rubber and raw rubber tape.


Calcium or paraffin deposition causes the decrease of tubig diameter. It is one of the problems in many oil fields that the increase of pressure drop is resulted from the decrease of tubing diameter. The effects of presence of smaller diameter section in a tubing string in two phase vertical flow were studied. The measurements were carried out at atmospheric pressure using air as gas and water as liquid. The vertical flow strings used in the experimental works were consisted of the about 5-m-long and 2.5-cm in diameter main section and the smaller dia meter section placed in the middle part of main section (shown in Fig. 1). The smaller size pipes were long between 2-cm and 50-cm and 0.52cm in diameter. From the results of the tests, the correlation was developed. The pressure drop in smaller size section is able to be calculated by using Eq. (5) and Eq. (6) with Fig. 7. The pressure drop is expressed in terms of the pipe length, liquid flow rate and gas liquid ratio.


The present invention achieves the refrigerant can be prevented from increasing the concentration of the housing resulting from refrigerant leakage in the housing caused, further improving the safety of outdoor machines. Comprising compressing a flammable refrigerant compressor (10), the heat source-side heat exchanger for hot air and the refrigerant exchange non-air-conditioned space (12), disposed toward the outside can be blown in from the interior of the housing position, to the concentration of the refrigerant in the housing is maintained at a predetermined concentration or less and the driving of the outdoor fan (60), and controlling the compressor (10) and the operation of the outdoor fan (60) of the outdoor unit control means (70), the outdoor unit control means (70) even when the compressor (10) and to the stopped state of the refrigerant is maintained at a predetermined concentration or lower concentration of the outdoor fan (60) operation.


We characterize the behavior of the solutions of linear evolution partial differential equations on the half line in the presence of discontinuous initial conditions or discontinuous boundary conditions, as well as the behavior of the solutions in the presence of corner singularities. The characterization focuses on an expansion in terms of computable special functions.


This paper presents effects of high power microwave sources on packaged IC circuits. The sources were one UWB system and one narrow band system consisting of a vircator. The paper reports threshold of susceptibilities for the two different sources on victims which were elementary logic circuits of bipolar and MOS-technologies.


A 22-week experiment was conducted in controlled environments to investigate the effects of light and inoculum application on the growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of 2 tropical legumes, viz Siris tree [Albizia lebbeck (L. Benth] and Subabul (Leucaena leucoceplala (Lam.) de Wit.]. Two light regimes-high light and low light (stimulated shade) were used. Plants were either inoculated without the addition of inorganic nitrogen or they received inorganic nitrogen without inoculum application. Control plants neither received inoculum nor inorganic nitrogen. The results showed that in both species under high light, the inoculated plants outgrew the uninoculated ones. Although there appears to have been more investment of the biomass. in the leaf area under simulated shade conditions for the inoculated plants. the lower net assimilation .rate resulled in lower growth rate. The controlled plants had the least growth under both light regimes, though they grew better under low light indicating that these legumes may be able to withstand nitrogen stress under shade conditions. Also more nodules were produced and more nitrogen fixed under high light than under the low light. Although nitrogen fixation was reduced under low light, nitrogen uptake was higher for Albizia lebbeck for the inoculated treatments than the uninoculated treatmentS.


The invention relates to an on-line operation energy efficiency monitoring and evaluation method for an air conditioner. The method is characterized by comprising the followings steps: collecting parameters of the air conditioner connected with an intelligent socket and transmitting the parameters to a background service center by the intelligent socket; storing and analyzing the parameters by the background service center so as to obtain short-time energy consumption and/or long-time energy consumption of the air conditioner, and transmitting the short-time energy consumption and/or long-time energy consumption of the air conditioner to a browsing terminal for displaying. Air conditioner or machine room energy efficiency evaluation based on actual running is beneficial complement to a standard laboratory energy efficiency evaluation method, and actual energy efficiency evaluation of air conditioners of different types (variable-frequency or constant frequency) in different regions and different seasons can be obtained. A good assisting effect on an energy efficiency label authentication system is realized, and manufacturers can no longer only consider economic benefits to delusively mark energy efficiency, and cannot cheat consumers for some performance indexes, such as minimum temperature, which cannot reach standards.


Abstract This paper incorporates network externalities into a model of vertical product differentiation to examine how firms determine product quality and network size. We show that, with significant network benefits from quality improvement, the effects of network externalities differ depending on the type of competition. In response to an increase in network externalities, vertical product differentiation enlarges under price competition but shrinks under quantity competition. Moreover, under price competition, the network size of a high-quality product increases, whereas that of a low-quality product decreases for a sufficiently large extent of network externalities, resulting in a reversal in the leading position in terms of network size from the low- to the high-quality product. By contrast, the network sizes of high- and low-quality products both increase under quantity competition; moreover, the gap between their network sizes shrinks for a sufficiently large extent of network externalities.


Vladimir Zuev, PhD in Economics, Professor, Head of International Economic Organisations and European Integration Department of the Faculty of World Economy and World Politics of the State University - Higher School of Economics; E-mail: email@example.com Kseniya Zavarykina, PhD Student of the Faculty of World Economics and World Politics of the State University - Higher School of Economics; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Kucheryavyy, Advisor of Department of International Financial Relations of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, PhD Student of the International Economic Organisations and European Integration Department of the Faculty of World Economy and World Politics of the State University - Higher School of Economics; E-mail: email@example.com little more than a year has passed since the moment the G20 Leaders established the Financial Stability Board on their meeting in London in April 2009. However, thereafter, according to many experts, the Board has grown into the central ground for elaboration of new principles on global economic governance. The authors analyze the first results of the Board's activity as an intellectual trust of the G20 on providing a global financial stability and evaluate prospects for adoption of new economic regulatory parameters in international practices.


A detailed study aimed at understanding the structural, interfacial, and electrochemical performance stability of La0.3Ca0.7Fe0.7Cr0.3O3-δ (LCFCr) electrode material for application as the oxygen electrode in reversible solid oxide cells (RSOCs) is presented. Specifically, emphasis is placed on the stability of the LCFCr oxygen electrode during oxygen evolution (electrolysis mode), whereby many known electrode materials are known to fail due to delamination. The porous microstructure of the electrode was characterized by nanoscale X-ray microscopy (XRM) to reveal the percentage porosity, pore connectivity, average pore size, and electrochemical surface area, etc. Under polarization in a two-electrode symmetrical-cell configuration, while the working electrode was under anodic polarization, a very stable performance was observed at a cell potential of 0.2 V, although increasing the cell potential to 0.65 V caused significant performance degradation. This degradation was reversible when the cell was run at open circuit for 10 h. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and wavelength dispersive spectroscopy revealed that the working electrode (LCFCr)/electrolyte (GDC) interface was structurally and chemically stable after hundreds of hours under polarization with no interdiffusion of the various species observed across the interface, hence rendering LCFCr a viable alternative for the oxygen electrode in RSOCs.


Considering the demands of an objective image description a method for the digital measurement of two-dimensional X-ray intensity distributions and their on-line evaluation for microcomputer-controlled electron probe microanalyzers (EPMA) is described. The data fields are processed by digital filters, the effect of which is discussed by means of 3D network graphics by example of model structures. The method has been applied as a programme for measurement and data evaluation on the EPMA SEMQ/ARL


Cyber security and data security is becoming a boardroom agenda in Internet of things (IoT). There is greater possibility of compromise of system due to hackers who seeks and exploits weaknesses in a communicating embedded system. Key management is the major issue in IoT. This paper presents a new algorithm for lightweight encryption for authentication.


The presence of fluid in the pores of a solid imposes a volume constraint on the deformation of the solid. Finite changes in the pore volume alter the degree of saturation of a porous material, impacting its fluid flow and water retention properties. This intricate interdependence between the hydromechanical properties related to solid deformation and fluid flow is amplified when the deformation of the solid matrix is large. In this paper, we present a mathematical framework for coupled solid‐deformation/fluid‐diffusion in unsaturated porous material considering geometric nonlinearity in the solid matrix. The framework relies on the continuum principle of thermodynamics to identify an effective or constitutive stress for the solid matrix, and a water‐retention law that highlights the interdependence of the degree of saturation, suction, and porosity of the material. Porous materials are typically heterogeneous, making them susceptible to localized deformation. In this work, we consider random heterogeneities in density and degree of saturation as triggers of localized deformation in a porous material. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


150Background: PDAC is an aggressive cancer with median overall survival (OS) ~6 months (m). Methods: Pts with advanced PDAC due to start first-line chemo (Chx) completed 1 study survey and 2 quali...


We present an algorithm to find a worst-case traffic pattern for any oblivious routing algorithm on an arbitrary interconnection network topology. The linearity of channel loading offered by oblivious routing algorithms enables the problem to be mapped to a bipartite maximum-weight matching, which can be solved in polynomial time. Finding exact worst-case performance was previously intractable, and we demonstrate an example case where traditional characterization techniques overestimate the throughput of a particular routing algorithm by 47%.


Stress maladaptation plays a critical role in the development and exacerbation of functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. We have shown recently that stress induces plasticity in the oxytocin modulation of brainstem vagal neurocircuits controlling GI functions (Browning et al. 2014). Similarly, anatomical and neurochemical data suggest that stress alters the levels of catecholamines in the brainstem A2 area, which comprises vagal neurocircuits.


Abstract In the framework of the merger (coalescence) model (which is supported by many arguments) the explanation for "sudden" arising of quasars is suggested. Both the time dependence of their number during the formation epoch and the luminosity function are obtained in the simplest model.


In order to understand the role of a potentially high infectiousness of symptomatic individuals or, on the contrary, social distancing, quarantine, etc. in the course of an infectious disease, this paper introduces a natural variant of the popular contact process that distinguishes between asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. Infected individuals all recover at rate one but infect nearby individuals at a rate that depends on whether they show the symptoms of the disease or not. Newly infected individuals are always asymptomatic and may or may not show the symptoms before they recover. The analysis of the corresponding mean-field model reveals that, in the absence of local interactions, regardless of the rate at which asymptomatic individuals become symptomatic, there is an epidemic whenever at least one of the infection rates is sufficiently large. In contrast, our analysis of the interacting particle system shows that, when the rate at which asymptomatic individuals become symptomatic and the rate at which asymptomatic individuals infect nearby individuals are small, there cannot be any epidemic even when symptomatic individuals are highly infectious.


Objective To improve diagnostic level of Acute Pancreatitis. Materials and Methods To evaluate the CT data of 97 cases of Acute Pancreatitis diagnosed by the operation and clinical symptoms. Results out of 63 cases of MAP and 34 cases of SAP of the whole cases, 12 cases were proved by operation, 85 cases were proved through clinical symptoms, laboratory and abdominal cavity puncture. Conclusion CT is a very important method to diagnose and evaluate Acute Pancreatitis.


Objective To investigate the treatment of femoral bone defect and selection of femoral prosthesis in revision total hip arthroplasty. Methods Fifty five cases, including 16 males and 39 females, were studied from January 2002 to June 2007. The age was 30 to 89 years old, average 73 years old. Revision reasons: prosthetic loosening was 35 cases; femoral prosthesis subsidence was 4 cases; femoral prosthesis stem broken was 1 case; acetabular grinded breakthrough was 2 cases; periprosthetic femoral fracture was 3 cases; bone cortex perforated by femoral prosthesis stem was 3 cases; acetabulum no match with femoral head was 2 case; repeated relapse dislocation of hip prosthesis was 2 cases: local acetabular osteolysis was 3 case. femoral bone defect was found in 21 cases. According to the separate criteria of AAOS, type Ⅰ(segment bone defect) was 5 cases; type Ⅱ (lacouna bone defect) was 10 cases; type Ⅲ(mixed pattern bone defect) was 6 cases. Results Revision totalhip arthroplasty was done in 48 cases; primary femoral prosthesis were kept in 7 cases. Bone graft was done in 21 cases, in which, massive autogenous iliac bone graft+lengthen distal stable uncement prosthesis were done in 2 cases, massive allograft and autograft+lengthen distal stable uncement prosthesis were done in 1 case, and massive autogenous iliac bonegraft+lengthen cement prosthesis were done in 2 cases for segmental proximal femoral bone defect; mixed autograft and allograft+lengthen distal stable uncement prosthesis were done in 8 cases and lengthen cement prosthesis were done in 2 cases for lacunar proximal femoral defect; mixed autograft and allograft+lengthen distal stable uncement prosthesis were done in 4 cases and lengthen cement prosthesis were done in 2 cases for mixed pattern bone defect. All cases were followed up with 6 to 62 months, average 38 months. Compared with preoperative, the average Harris score increased from 49 to 88 points. ConclusionTo dislodge the cement prosthesis and repair the bone defect were the diffical work. Osteotomy was a effective method for dislodging cement prosthesis. Lengthen distal stable uncement prosthesis was suitable for most revision of femoral prosthesis.


An application of penta-substituted tetrahydropyrimidines in preparation of a temperature-sensitive fluorescent material. A penta-substituted tetrahydropyrimidine compound is characterized by linear temperature dependence of red-edge excitation wavelength (LTDREEW), selects different excitation wavelengths, and can allow fluorescence color changes and/or fluorescent intensity on-off changes within different temperature ranges. A fluorescence intensity ratio or fluorescence intensity is in good linear or power function relationship with the temperature, and the penta-substituted tetrahydropyrimidine compound can be used as a temperature sensitive fluorescent material operating in a high sensitivity wide range of temperature (0-450K).


A 49-year-old man presented with a painful swelling ofthe left groin and general malaise. On closer questioning he also gave a 2-month history of pneumaturia and recurrent urinary tract infcciion. The patient had undergone laparoscopic left inguinal hernia repair 8 months previously at another hospital. The genernl practitioner had prescnbed antibiotics and dressings for cannula-site discharge. On examination, the patient was pyrexial and had cellulitis of the left inguinal region. Urine microscopy showed more than 1000 x lo3 white cells per litre. The clinical diagnosis of mesh infection with colovesical fistula was made. The cellulitis settled rapidly following intravenous antibiotic therapy. Plain pelvic radiography showed the presence of staples in the left ingui~I region and midline overlying the bladder (Fig. I ) . Cystography confirmed the presence of air in the bladder and cxtravesical contrast agent (Fig. 2). Barium enema demonstrated the colonic end of the fistula track in the mid-sigmoid. The mesh was visible at cystoscopy but removal was not possible. Under antibiotic cover the abdomen was opened through a lower midline incision. A narrow colovesical fistula was pinched off the bladder. The mesh was easily removed after freeing one staple. The omentum was mobilized and interpoeed baw#n the colon and bladder to plug the defect in the latter. No attempt was made to repair the original hernia. The bladder was catheterhi and a suction drain placed in the left iliac fossa. Catheter and drain were removed after 10 days and the patient was discharged home. The original operative record was obtained, but was not detailed. The laparoscopic hernia repair had been a difficult operation for unspecified reasons. The position of the mesh and the placement of staples were not stated. It had not been possible to cover the mesh with peritoneum. Mild postoperative pyrexia had not delayed discharge.


This study examined the 1-year predictive validity of several new and revised conceptual language measures. Seventy-five preschool children were administered the Boehm-PV or Boehm-R, the Bracken Basic Concept Scale (BBCS), and the PPVT-R. The K-ABC Achievement Scale (K-ABC ACH) and Metropolitan Readiness Tests (MRT) Pre-Reading Skills Composites were administered 1 year later and utilized as criterion measures of achievement. All of the conceptual language measures correlated significantly (p < .01) with the K-ABC ACH and MRT composites over a 1-year period. Children found the K-ABC ACH significantly more difficult (p < .001) than the MRT. Comparison of the K-ABC ACH and MRT resulted in a correlation of .49 (24% shared variance), which suggests that the tests are measuring somewhat different aspects of school-related achievement. Implications and recommendations are discussed.


Diseases of wildlife have significant management implications in a number of lands of the U.£ National Park Service due to increasing interactions between wildlife and domestic animals. We review the paleontology, history, and coevolution of infectious diseases in North American ungulate, g We provide two examples related to bovine bru- cellosis in bison in Yellowstone National Park and lung- worm-pneumonia complex in bighorn sheep in several west- ern national park£ These examples illustrate the difficulty of numaging wild populations and their diseases in na- tional parks and other protected areag In some instances, human intervention may be justifiable in order to protect native population~ domestic antma~ and humans from acquiring a disease


In order to cope with the ever increasing problems of the urban environment, new approaches are being sought to their solution. The objective of this paper is to review and evaluate the merits of certain new methods aimed at finding optimal solutions in sewer design.

Based on principles similar to the ones advanced by Deininger [1966] and Holland [1968] the authors propose an integer programming algorithm for optimizing pipe sizes and slopes. The new algorithm is applied to an actual situation and compared with a solution arrived at by a traditional design approach.


: This paper concerns to analyze the relationship between independent variables, including age, categories of lecturer, assessment components which they are each related, and a dependent variable lecturer performance index (LPI) using logistic regression. The background led this research is the exposure of LPI stated that the young lecturers, internal lecturers of Not State Civil Apparatus (NSCA), obtain small values of LPI and IAIN Purwokerto makes groups of LPI are not fine and fine performance. The steps in data analysis i.e. make simple graphs to plotting data, make tables, calculate data, model the logistic regression and interpret the result. There are three categories of lecturers i.e. State Civil Apparatus (SCA), Internal Lecturer Not SCA (NSCA), and External Lecturer (EL) with ages between 26.00 and 65.58 years old. The assessment component of LPI consists of Department's Assessment and Student's Assessment. The results show that, using binary logistic regression, the effect of age of lecturer is not significant, the effect of the lecturer category is significant with the 95% confidence interval is (0.3168, 1.0772), the department assessment is significant with the 95% confidence interval is (0.9008, 2.7432), and the student assessment is significant with the 95% confidence interval is (0.0770, 3.0130).


We present a novel design of a fibre-fed high-resolution spectrograph (HRS hereafter) for WFMOS. WFMOS HRS is a multi-object spectrograph for studying the formation and evolution history of our Galaxy by measuring spectra of Galactic stars. In a 8m-class telescope, it aims to measure 1,500 stellar spectra simultaneously with spectral resolution between 25,000 and 40,000 in optical wavebands defined within 4000Å and 9000Å. For the HRS optical design, we have explored three disperser options: Volume Phase Holographic Grating (VPHGs), prism-immersed VPHG, and Echelle grating. Two camera designs have also been studied for the spectrograph camera optics, one tranmissive design and the other a Schmidt design. We also investigated a conjugate collimator design that allows two spectrographs to share a single grating so as to work as a single spectrograph.


All spoken words and language have rhythms, and all letters are simply shapes with sounds, just like the symbols of musical notation, which makes the latter perfect for helping children to learn to read.


Author(s): Donahey, Kelly Suzanne | Advisor(s): Yonemoto, Bruce | Abstract: What follows must, of necessity, be a manifesto of reply. The form of the text is an experiment in the capacities of montage, a composition of fragments. It is written as complement to the thesis exhibition of the same title staged at the University Art Gallery in May of 2017. Thus the text is deeply invested in associative meaning, entanglement, and the capacity of the reader to make knowledge from its form. The method employed is in active resistance to logical sense.


This study aims to produce learning kits in the form of learning implementation plan and student worksheet on the probability material viewed from the learning outcomes and interest of learning mathematics. The learning kits were developed by applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model using manipulative materials. This type of research was development research with three core stages in the process, i.e. the initial research stage, the development stage and the assessment stage. The subjects in this study used one of mathematics teachers with 31 students of VIII grade of Maria Goretti Ende junior high school. Quantitative data in the form of scores from the assessment results were converted and analyzed into qualitative data in the form of five-scale standard scores. Data from expert validation showed that the gained learning kits produced met valid criteria. The teacher and student assessment scores showed that the learning kits had met many practical criteria. Furthermore, the results of the test scores and the results of the questionnaire scores indicated that Problem Based Learning learning using manipulative materials were effective in terms of learning outcomes and students' interest in learning mathematics. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the mathematics learning kits on the probability material is feasible to use.


As part of a study of the hazards of the inspection of nuclear waste material stored at the Hanford, WA site, the Department of Energy (DOE) and Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) have developed a core drilling system to sample the material in large waste storage tanks. In support of this work, the US Bureau of Mines has studied the probability of ignition while core drilling into simulated salt cake that was permeated with a flammable gas mixture. No ignitions were observed while core drilling into the saltcake with or without a purge gas and no ignitions were observed while drilling into a steel plate.


In this article I present recent educational reforms implemented in Mexico and their implications for literacy instruction; in particular, I analyze changes to upper secondary education that seemingly want to promote the development of "disciplinary competences" among students enrolled in different educational tracks. The debates among the different stakeholders, the risks of poorly conceived policies, and the mediation role of participants involved in the enactment of such policies are finally discussed.


The contradictions between production and treatment of Municipal Solid Waste(MSW)have been outstanding in China, due to the continually increasing amount of MSW being generated and the limited capacity of waste treatment facilities. Aimed at evaluating the influence of shorting composting period and changing tunnels composting technique on compost maturity, based on the Beijing Nangong composting plant case, this study used composting materials 15~80 mm MSW screened out from Majialou transfer station, and compared three different fermentation techniques:(1)Control, 14 days of high temperature fermentation followed by 21 days of post-ripening fermentation and 21 days of terminal-ripening fermentation, no turning or crushing(;2)Run 1, 8 days of high temperature fermentation followed by 12 days of post-ripening fermentation and 12 days of terminal-ripening fermentation, no turning or crushing; and(3)Run 2, 8 days of high temperature fermentation followed by 12 days of post-ripening fermentation and 12 days of terminal-ripening fermentation, turning and crushing on the 3rd day. During composting process, samples were taken and maturity indexes were analyzed, the results showed that the compost from Run 1 was mature though its quality was the worst among these three fermentation techniques, while the difference between the composts from Control and Run 2 was not significant. It suggested that the fermentation technique of decreasing fermentation period with turning and crushing not only could improve the composting efficiency, but also would not reduce the quality of compost, which could provide technical support for applying, improving and popularizing the optimized composting technique of Nangong composting plant.


A three-dimensional finite-element model of multi-pass axial welding residual stresses of 10 mm thick wall pipe of Monel-400 was proposed based on the theory of thermal-elastoplasticity.Using ANSYS finite-element program,the welding stresses of heat resistant steel were simulated.The conclusions can be drawn as follows:within a certain range from the weld,node stress is a function of temperature;X direction of the outer surface of the node stress is tensile stress;stress at intermediate nodes and the inner surface nodes is compressive;nodes in radial and axial stresses are compressive stress,and the intermediate nodes become the maximum copressive stress;cooling 10s after the end of welding,residual stresses in each direction are less than the yield point stresses of the materials;HAZ of residual stress distribution is beneficial to reducing the stress corrosion of the materials and improving the service life of the pipeline.


Fourteen patients receiving prolonged assisted ventilation were studied during their first trial period off the respirator. To avoid artifacts due to valves, mouthpieces, and noseclips, tidal volume off the respirator was measured continuously by electromagnetic sensors which detected changes in the anterior and posterior diameter of the rib cage and abdomen. Within five minutes of withdrawal from the respirator tidal volume fell, often to surprisingly low values, and respiratory frequency rose. Mean ventilation did not change. The changes in tidal volume, respiratory frequency, and heart rate did not indicate the changes which were occurring in the arterial blood gas levels. Furthermore, the magnitude of the changes in the breathing pattern did not predict whether or not the trial off the respirator would be successful. The changes in tidal volume, respiratory frequency, heart rate and the blood gas values did not correlate well with the subjective sensation of dyspnea.


A mathematical methodology is proposed for designing nozzle hole shapes producing controlled geometric cavitation. The proposed methodology uses an unstructured RANS flow solver, with the ability to compute sensitivity derivatives via an adjoint algorithm. The adjoint formulation for the N-S equations is presented while variation of the turbulence viscosity is not taken into account during the geometry modifications. The sensitivities are calculated in a mode independently of the shape parameterisation. The method is used to develop and evaluate conceptual shapes for nozzle hole cavitation reduction. The localized region at the hole inlet producing cavitation, is parameterised using its radius of curvature, while a cost function is formulated to eliminate the negative pressures present at this location. Sensitivity derivatives are used to assess the dependence of the localized region on the minimum pressure, and to drive the geometry to the targeted shape. The results show that the computer model can provide nozzle hole entry shapes that produce predefined flow characteristics, and thus can be used as an inverse design tool for nozzle hole cavitation control.


The present invention relates to new agents with hypoglycaemic activity, derived Guava Psidium guajava species, method of obtaining such agents characterized by comprising the steps: a) dehydrating the Guava; b) subjecting the dehydrated Guava to extraction using methanol, hexane, or chloroform as solvents, respectively to obtain different fractions of Guava; c) isolating the thus obtained methanolic, hexanic and chloroformic fractions, with hypoglycaemic activity; d) subjecting the rest of the Guava to boiling in distilled water to obtain after sedimentation the aqueous fraction with hypoglycemic activity, and use thereof for the treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus.


This essay reports (without attempting an exhaustive survey of the literature) on a body of formal research rooted in the models with which these authors were concerned : the model of bargaining, the model of coalitional opportunities, and the model of distribution of unproduced resources; and dealing axiomatically with a variety of other allocation problems.


Two American debates on foreign policy and national security. The Reagan administration and those who share its ideology see today's Soviet Union as not much different from yesterday's, and yesterday's Soviet Union as not much different from Nazi Germany. Like its progenitors in the 1930s, the modern Soviet Union is a "totalitarian" state, and therefore by nature expansionist, armed to the teeth, disposed to violence, fond of diplomatic tests of political will, and—as a consequence of all these factors —hard to deter and harder to beat. A different view prevails among most of the arms control community, the NATO allies, and some American academics. In its foreign policy, the Soviet Union is seen as a fairly typical great power whose behavior in international politics can be explained by the mixture of fear, greed, and stupidity that has characterized most great powers in the past as they have tried to secure their borders and pursue their interests in a world without law. It does not like to take great risks, it fears war, and it is, at worst, opportunistically expansionist. In sharp contrast to Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union is more conservative than reckless; if anything, nuclear weapons have reinforced this conservatism.


Vent Building 3 (VB 3) of the new Central Artery Tunnel (CA/T), which is located at 500 Atlantic Avenue in Boston, Massachusetts is a heavy poured concrete structure with its roof situated about 3 feet below grade. The vent building contains twenty-three 100+ inch diameter double-width centrifugal fans that, for a number of reasons, are not vibration isolated. The fans exhaust into a cluster of reinforced concrete shafts that rise up to about 250 feet above grade. The land on which the vent building is situated is owned by Intell Management. The tall stacks are to be embedded in a luxury hotel/residential condominium complex that Intell is to construct. The new building is to be built atop the vent building and is also to be partially supported by the stacks. This paper summarizes the history of the work on the project, including vibration measurements and SEA modeling, and the strategy used to determine whether elastomeric vibration isolation elements should be incorporated into most structural connections with the vent building. The acoustical analysis for this project has been a joint effort of Cavanaugh Tocci Associates, Inc. (CTA) and R.H. Lyon Corp (RHL) as acoustical consultants to the Owner (Intell) and Wilson Ihrig & Associates, Inc. (WIA) as acoustical consultant to the Hotel Tenant (Six Continents Hotels). Because of the complexity of the building and the analysis, this paper focuses on a few specific areas. These are the structural connections between the stacks and floors of the hotel and residential floors, sound levels at 125 Hz, where the NC rating (by the tangency method) of fan noise in building spaces has been generally found to be dominant, and, finally, whether vibration isolated connections of the hotel floors with the vent building stacks are required. The work in this project intentionally excluded consideration of fan vibration source mechanisms and fan vibration isolation. The CA/T could not allow any changes to fan installations that such investigation might propose since, at the outset of the project, the installation of tunnel ventilation fans was the chief limitation in the timely opening of the northbound tunnel, which could not afford to be delayed.


The refractory state of birds to the "T (S) cruzi" is well known since long ago. In previous papers it was possible to observe in chicks, infection "in ovo", still present at the last dat of incubation. Nevertheless after hatching the chicks become refractory to the parasite. The destruction of the parasites takes place in the skin at the inoculation point. Throughout these studies the authors verified that the trypomastigotes forms disappear within an hour, after being injected directly into the blood stream. Bursectomized chicks by treatment with testosterone "in ovo" plus cyclophosphamide in the first four days of life, show also the refractory condition, but their sera lack the lytic capacity to the epimastigotes of "T. (S.) cruzi", which is peculiar to normal chicken sera. Fractionation of chicken sera in column of DEAE Sephadex-A50 led to the conclusion that the gammaglobulins are the principal responsible for these lytic capacity. The dissociation of the two phenomena shows that the lytic capacity must be attributed to a "natural antibody" - since it is eliminated or become greatly reduced by depression of the immunity bursa-dependent system. Regarding to the refractory condition, the same conclusion cannot be drawn. Perhaps it is related to cellular metabolism after the process of hatching.


Toward a New Science of Educational Testing and Assessment provides multiple perspectives on the need for new assessments to meet the challenge of changes in curricular agendas and political demands. The book is a collection of eight essays written by subsets of authors, loosely connected under the general theme of the inadequacy of the old assessment practices and the need to investigate new approaches. The chapter by Thomas A. Romberg, "Assessing Mathematics Competence and Achievement," argues for a new understanding of mathematics to meet the needs of the information age. Calculators and computers make tasks such as computation, graphing, manipulation of models, and repetition of processes easy; thus, it is less important to be able to carry out a computational algorithm to reach a correct answer and more important to pursue more profound questions such as, "Which of the many available procedures is best?" Romberg asserts that such changes in the discipline of mathematics, as well as changes in the view of the learning process from passive to constructive, support the need for a new approach to the understanding of mathematics. He provides a quick summary of current assessment instruments by citing his view of the strengths and weakness of standardized tests, criterion-referenced tests, and profile achievement tests. Though some strengths are presented-such as, predictive validity, ease in scoring, usefulness for informing progress in instruction focused on the acquisition of a specific skill, and the ability to provide a profile for group performance-many weaknesses are cited. The major weakness in Romberg's view is that standardized tests present mathematics as a single domain rather than a collection of domains, with items reflecting independent concepts rather than a network of structured, interdependent constructs; thus, the tests are judged incapable of evaluating reasoning skills. Criterion-referenced tests are said to specify behavioral objectives in a way that fractionates mathematical knowledge and does not include higher level or complex objectives. Profile achievement tests are said to be hard to administer and score and difficult to interpret because of the profile of scores; Romberg avers that such tests are based on an outdated assumption of


The combination of high strength and corrosion resistance makes super duplex stainless steel attractive for a number of applications both in sour process fluids and seawater. Several superduplex alloys exist and each has its own proprietary chemical composition and UNS designation. This paper considers one such UNS designation and shows that a wide range of properties is possible. Superduplex materials are normally specified with a minimum PREN value. To achieve this value, chemical composition is critical and likewise careful processing is necessary to achieve optimum properties including toughness and corrosion resistance. This paper discusses the setting of adequate alloy qualification criteria within the context of a range of international and company standards.


Abstract : The effect of a proposed entrance canal on tidal flushing of Bushy Park Reservoir, 27 km north of Charleston, SC, was tested using a numerical model, and a canal cross section that would maintain present flushing was developed by trial. A previously developed two-dimensional model computed dynamic flow velocities, vertical velocities, and water-surface elevations for two verification periods, and for various entrance canal cross sections. The model was verified to tidal volume exchanges and water levels measured in the field. No data were available to verify vertical velocities. The model was then used to test a number of entrance canal geometries (width and depth) for the proposed relocation, and the reservoir tidal volume exchanges and flushing were compared to existing conditions. Existing tidal flushing can be maintained in Bushy Park Reservoir by constructing an upstream entrance canal of sufficient size. Recent ocean chloride intrusion data were used to confirm that the proposed site for the Bushy Park entrance canal would effectively reduce chloride intrusions. Analysis of previous intrusion events indicated that relation of the Bushy Park entrance canal to the proposed site near Mempkin will eliminate the salinity intrusion events if other conditions (weekly inflow schedules for instance) remain the same. Back River Reservoir, Cooper River, Tidal flushing, Bushy Park Reservoir, Reservoir flushing, Charleston Harbor, Salinity intrusion.


The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), and a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), in a subject in need of such treatment, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > of:


The history of the origins of the concept of intersectionality is deeply embedded in the U.S. context. The intertwined histories of the American women's movements and American race relations as well as the conjunction of several theoretical strands, such as the philosophical critique of the modern subject, poststructuralism, the critique from feminists of color, and critical legal studies, have marked the genesis and the operationalization of the concept of intersectionality in American feminist studies (Ackerly and McDermott 2011, Dhamoon 2011). This legacy has given the concept of intersectionality particular analytical contents, preferred objects of inquiry, and methodologies as well as specific political aims (McCall 2005). Kimberlé Crenshaw's initial formulation of intersectionality exemplifies this U.S. genealogy since it represents a joint analytical and political effort, embedded in critical legal studies and black feminist theory, to identify and promote the political identity of African-American women or, as she writes, to "demarginalize" their political interests and to critique single axis approaches to inequality and discrimination (Crenshaw 1991). By doing so, the concept of intersectionality not only makes visible the categories and groups that were marginalized in theory and political practice, but also articulates a new set of political interests and, to a certain extent, contributes to construct and to represent intersectional identities.


The goal of English teaching is not only to teach students the linguistic knowledge,but also to help them acquire communicative ability.Relevance theory,which deals with how people,in the process of communication,infer the communicative intention by searching for the relevance,is of great significance to English teaching.


For almost a century, Scorpio maurus L., 1758 (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae) has been considered to be no more than a widespread and presumably highly polymorphic species. Recent investigation of the ancient classifications by Birula (1910) and Vachon (1952) have led to the consideration of several African populations at the rank of species. Two new species have also been described from Cameroon (Lourenco, 2009) and Sudan Lourenco & Cloudsley-Thompson, 2009), countries not previously recorded as containing members of the genus Scorpio. In the present paper, the enigmatic presence of the genus Scorpio in Congo has been tentatively clarified, and this record is attributed to mislabelling. A new species is also described from Niger. It is the first confirmed record of a species of Scorpio from that country.


Automotive Route Guidance Systems provide benefits to the individual driver, whose trip is optimized based on the best available information. Travel time and distance are minimized, and mobility and safety are enhanced. Mostly, these individual benefits are in accord with more general social benefits. However, some social benefits from IVHS (intelligent vehicle highway systems) do not arise directly from Route Guidance Systems, and may conflict with individual travel preferences. Some social benefits may result from reducing private automobile travel altoghether, not merely optimizing individual trips. A balance should be achieved by producing general soical benefits without discouraging the commercial investment that is critical for IVHS to succeed. This paper presents the thesis that such balance can be realized only through estasblishment of a widespread public/private travel information network that encompasess multi- and inter-modal traveler information. Such information should be made available in private, commercial and transit vehicles.


[Objective]To investigate curative effect for thoracolumbar burst fractures by the method of vertebral pedicle screw fixation applied in the with transpedicular bone graft,and consider its indications.[Method]Thirty cases of thoracolumbar burst fractures were treated by vertebral pedicle screw fixation combining transpedicular bone graft.Among them 22 were male and 8 were famale,age ranged 18-64.All of cases were single segment fractures.The average height of anterior border was 35% before the operation,the average of Cobb's angle was 26°,the percentage of midsagital diameter was 55%.According to Frankel's neurological function classification,preoperative neurological function was Grade A in 4 cases,B in 8,C in 5,D in 6,E in 7.[Result]All cases were followed up for 6 to 30 months.All patients' pain relieved distinctly,the average height anterior border was increased to 97%,the average of Cobb's angle was 3.5°,the percentage of midsagital diameter was 92% postoperatively,showing significant difference(P0.05)before and after operation.The postoperative neurological function was improved:Grade A in 2 cases,Grade B in 2,Grade C in 5,Grade D in 5,Grade E in 16.All the fracture were reduced and the internal fixation didn't loose and break,and there was no lost of correction and other complications.[Conclusion]Vertebral pedicle screw fixation with transpedicular bone graft can not only reduce verbebral fracture satisfactorily,increasing the stability of spine,but also decrease the possibility of breaking nail and correction loss.Therefore it is an effective method of treating thoracolumbar burst fractures.


The economist J. B. Say once wrote that "our duty with regard to errors is not to revive them, but simply to forget them." Complete acceptance of this doctrine would expose the political scientist to ruin, for the study of government is largely the study of errors and man's clumsy efforts to correct them. The history of errors, so far as government control of radio broadcasting in Canada is concerned, centres on the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission which struggled for survival between 1932 and 1936. Our concern, however, is not with this history of errors but rather with the attempt, through the creation of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, to correct these errors. In particular, our interest is focussed on the pressing problems of integrating administration and politics in the public interest, through the device of an independent government corporation. In 1900, Professor Frank Goodnow first differentiated between politics and administration by suggesting that all activities involved in expressing the will of the state should be classified as "politics," while all operations necessary to the execution of the will of the state should be termed "administration." The harmonization of these two activities, according to Goodnow, depends on the subordination of one to the other. In a parliamentary system, harmonization in the public interest is presumably obtained by having the agents responsible for the execution of the will of the state dominated by the agents responsible for its expression. This simple bifurcation has been complicated by the fact that the cabinet, the supreme instrument of party government, has become responsible in large measure for both the expression and execution of the will of the state. In certain sectors of governmental activity the party (partisan) character of cabinet supervision has led to the demand for a withdrawal from its hands of the direct responsibility for "politics" and "administration."


Located tectonically on the western margin of the Lanping basin on the northeastern side of the main India-Asia collision zone, the Jinman vein copper deposit occurs in Mesozoic terrestrial sandstone and mudstone. It is a new type of copper deposit closely associated with continental exhalation. Its metallogenic epoch is now still in dispute. The copper-bearing hydrothermal alteration mineral sericite beside the principal orebody of the Jinman copper deposit was analyzed using the conventional 40Ar/39Ar stepwise heating dating method, and three 40Ar/39Ar apparent average ages, namely, 88, 67 and 37 Ma, were obtained. According to these ages, combined with the geological setting of ore deposition in the Lanping basin, the authors think that the formation of the Jinman copper deposit underwent mineralization at 67 Ma in the early stage and that at 37 Ma in the late stage, which were superimposed on each other, with the latter representing the main formation age of the Jinman copper deposit. The two mineralization ages of the Jinman copper deposit may be interpreted as the isotopic age information left by major tectonic events such as the India-Tibet collision (in the Paleocene) and strike-slip motion-pulling-apart (in the Eocene) in the ore deposit, implying the effects of the Paleocene tectonism and Eocene tectonomagmatic metallogenesis on the formation of the regional metallogenic zone in northwestern Yunnan.


We study the energy-momentum pseudo-tensor of gravitational wave, and examine the one introduced by Landau-Lifshitz for a general gravitational field and the effective one recently used in literature. In short wavelength limit after Brill-Hartle average, both lead to the same gauge invariant stress tensor of gravitational wave. For relic gravitational waves in the expanding universe, we examine two forms of pressure, $p_{gw}$ and $\mathcal{P}_{gw}$, and trace the origin of their difference to a coupling between gravitational waves and the background matter. The difference is shown to be negligibly small for most of cosmic expansion stages starting from inflation. We demonstrate that the wave equation is equivalent to the energy conservation equation using the pressure $\mathcal{P}_{gw}$ that includes the mentioned coupling.


According to the traits and requirements of protocol conformance testing, especially the characteristic of OSPF protocol, the design of a conformance testing system for OSPFv3 protocol was introduced. In our design, the environment of multiple virtual testers with controlling channel was used and Tcl language was choosed as test case describing language. This conformance testing system gets both good testing ability and flexibility. Testing of several different implementations of OSPFv3 protocol was accomplished. An example was shown, and the future work was also discussed.


A 42 year old man who had undergone resection and end to end anastomosis of a discrete coarctation at the age of 7 years developed late chronic hypertension. There was no evidence of recoarctation, but angiography showed massive aneurysmal dilatation of the …


Materials with nonlinear optical properties are much sought after for ultrafast photonic applications. Mode-locked lasers can generate ultrafast pulses using saturable absorbers[1]. Currently, the dominant technology is based on semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs). However, narrow tuning range (tens of nm), complex fabrication and packaging limit their applications[2]. Single wall nanotubes (SWNTs) and graphene offer simpler and cost-effective solutions[1]. Broadband operation can be achieved in SWNTs using a distribution of tube diameters[1,3], or by using graphene[4–8], due to the gapless linear dispersion of Dirac electrons[8,9].


The calculation of profiled sheeting and members by using the post-critical stage in which a plastic hinge is originated at the internal support is possible provided that the relationships between the support moment, reaction and hinge rotation are known. There are two alternative procedures of testing for obtaining these data: double-span test or internal support test. In the second one, instead of a global behaviour, only the local relationships between the three above characteristics are determined. When calculating with the model proposed in Eurocode 3, Part 1.3, the above two different test procedures do not lead to close enough resJIlts. The present paper is aimed at both explaining the reasons of these differences and proposing consequently an improved approach to the behaviour at the internal support.


This work addresses comprehensive modeling of a helicopter coupled dynamics and longitudinal and lateral models for hovering dynamics. Non-linear models obtained using Newtonian mechanics are linearized using small perturbation theory and converted to state space models. These models are implemented in Matlab/Simulink and simulation results are obtained. The different types of control techniques implemented for these models include Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control and Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). These control strategies significantly improve performance of these models.


Objective To investigate the clinical significance of detecting serum hs-CRP,TNF-αand IL-8 levels in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods ction The levels of hs-CRP,TNF-αand IL-8 in 78 patients with coronary heart disease pre/post PCI procedure and three months after PCI were detected.These patients included 15 cases of acute myocardial infarction(AMI),36 cases of unstable angina pectoris(UAP),and 27 cases of stable angina pectoris(SAP).45 healthy volunteers enrolled as control group.Results The hs-CRP,TNF-αand IL-8 levels were significantly higher in AMI and UAP groups than in the control group(P 0.01),meanwhile TNF-αand IL-8 are positively related with hs-CRP(r =0.932,r = 0.956,r = 0.897,r = 0.873;all the P 0.01 ).The hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in SAP group than in the con- trol group(P 0.01).There were no significant differences of TNF-αand IL-8 levels between SAP groups and control group (P 0.05).After three months anti-inflammatory treatment,the levels of hs-CRP,TNF-αand IL-8 decerased significantly (P 0.01),there was no significance between patient with coronary heart disease and control group(P 0.05).Conclusion There were certain degree clinical significance in determining the serum levels of hs-CRP,TNF-αand IL-8 in patients with coronary heart disease pre/post treatment.


The aim of writing this paper is show how this new piece of legislation have provide for the protection of electronic contracts in Tanzania. The development of science and technology has turned almost everything we know and see upside down in terms of business activities and other activities that we know. This is simply because know a matter or business activity can be done in a slightly touch or click of your computer through a mouse, and then the job or deal is done! This pose a critical problem when it comes to the legal perspective as most of the laws that we have in most of developing countries particularly Tanzania are not sufficient enough to regulate these activities when they are applied unenthusiastically.
In my paper named, "Electronic Contracts in Tanzania: A Detailed Discussion on the Formation of Electronic Contract in Digital Age", I wrote about how the law governing contracts in Tanzania (Cap.345, [R.E.2002]) did not recognize electronic contract, even though there have been a lot of contracts contracted online. This was before the enactment of Electronic Transaction Act. No.13 of 2015.
An assessment of the law has been made, and a discussion on the recognition of electronic agent which to my view, the Act did not provide a clear meaning of it, in which it may cause some ambiguity and confusion in the future.


To estimate phenotypic variation among 43 sesame accessions the present experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and morphological data on days to flower initiation, days to 50% flowering, petiole length, number of nodes to first flower, plant height at flowering, plant height at maturity, number of days to maturity, length of capsule, seed weight of capsule,1000 seed weight and seed yield per plant were measured. Positive correlation was observed for number of nodes to first flower, plant height at flowering, plant height at maturity, seed weight per capsule and 1000-seed weight with seed yield per plant. Four principal components were identified which accounted for 80.92% of the total variation. All the accessions grouped into five clusters while accessions included in cluster 3 mainly comprised with early flowering, shorter petiole, early maturing and higher seed yield per plant. The results have an important suggestion for morphological categorization and enhancement of sesame breeding program.