Summary This study explored rumor transmission as a function of the anxiety of the group exposed to that rumor. Four eight-member groups which were designated either as high anxiety or low anxiety on the basis of scores on the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS) were presented with a rumor through a sociometrically selected individual. Issues relevant to the groups, with basic similarities across all four groups, were selected as the rumors. That these topics were equally important to the individuals involved is testified to by the fact that importance rating on these issues at the conclusion of the study did not differ significantly among the groups. As predicted, the groups that were high anxious when confronted with a rumor of importance transmitted that rumor throughout that group with a higher frequency than did the groups of low anxious members when confronted with an issue of importance. A model of rumor transmission dependent upon anxiety was proposed.


With the new economy era coming, commercial goodwill value is becoming the main resource of corporation. This paper first introduces the concept of commercial goodwill in new economy era, and then lists some methods and accounting methods for goodwill in the United States, which will help to formulate the principles of goodwill in China.


Aerosol particle wall loss rates were determined experimentally in a spherical continuous stirred tank reactor.
Tbe particle size and mixing rate dependences are shown
to agree with
β=12k_eD/Rπvʃ^nv/2√k_2D_0 te^t/e^t-1dt+v/4R3
the theoretical result of Crump and Seinfeld, in which the
particle loss coefficient β is related to particle diffusivity D, particle settling velocity r, the coefficient of the eddy diffusivity k_e, and vessel radius R. For the vessel used in these experiments, k_e was found to be proportional to the 3/2 power of the volumetric now rate, in accordance with theoretical expectations. Results of a similar nature may be expected to hold in vessels of arbitrary shape.


The specific white matter location of all the spinal pathways conveying penile input to the rostral medulla is not known. Our previous studies using rats demonstrated the loss of low but not high threshold penile inputs to medullary reticular formation (MRF) neurons after acute and chronic dorsal column (DC) lesions of the T8 spinal cord and loss of all penile inputs after lesioning the dorsal three‐fifths of the cord. In the present study, select T8 lesions were made and terminal electrophysiological recordings were performed 45–60 days later in a limited portion of the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (Gi) and Gi pars alpha. Lesions included subtotal dorsal hemisections that spared only the lateral half of the dorsal portion of the lateral funiculus on one side, dorsal and over‐dorsal hemisections, and subtotal transections that spared predominantly just the ventromedial white matter. Electrophysiological data for 448 single unit recordings obtained from 32 urethane‐anaesthetized rats, when analysed in groups based upon histological lesion reconstructions, revealed (1) ascending bilateral projections in the dorsal, dorsolateral and ventrolateral white matter of the spinal cord conveying information from the male external genitalia to MRF, and (2) ascending bilateral projections in the ventrolateral white matter conveying information from the pelvic visceral organs (bladder, descending colon, urethra) to MRF. Multiple spinal pathways from the penis to the MRF may correspond to different functions, including those processing affective/pleasure/motivational, nociception, and mating‐specific (such as for erection and ejaculation) inputs.


Abstract Cardinal Thomas Wolsey has seldom been associated with the University of Cambridge. But in a little-known episode, he was invited to follow John Fisher as chancellor of the University of Cambridge in 1514. Although Wolsey declined, his willingness to protect Cambridge's evangelicals, even after he burned Martin Luther's books in 1521, has been an overlooked phase in the history of the university and in the Reformation in England.


The invention provides a hot core shell precoated sand modeling process which sequentially comprises the following steps: shooting a core, assembling a mould, culturing sand, vibrating, and vacuumizing. The hot core shell precoated sand modeling process specifically comprises the steps of making a casting blank by a hot core shell mould machine, controlling the wall thickness of the casting blank to be 4-5mm; assembling the casting blank together with a core shell; arranging the blank and the core shell in a sand box in parallel according to sequence, filling waste sand around a casting mould; vibrating and compacting the cultured sand by a compaction platform; and connecting a vacuum hole of the sand box to the vacuum machine, and opening the vacuum machine to ensure that a vacuum atmosphere is formed in the sand box so as to complete the making of a casting mould. According to the hot core shell precoated sand modeling process, the cost is low, the efficiency is high, the environment pollution is low, and the made product is good in quality.


According to the relative regulation of the performance assessment in teachers of colleges and universities in China, by summing up the management experiences of the teachers' performance assessment in some colleges and universities as well as in the Hangzhou Teachers College and based on the characteristics and the actual conditions of the scientific research of the physical education teachers in colleges and universities, the contents of the assessment points, criteria and methods in the scientific research assessment of those teachers were analyzed and discussed. Quantified management was made on the results and items of different-level researches so that the assessment will be more scientific, rational and institutional.


The utility model relates to a mobile hydraulic component tester, belonging to the hydraulic component test equipment. The tester comprises a pressure meter switch, a pressure meter, an overflow valve, a stop valve, an air bleeder, a flow regulating valve, a thermometer and a fluid meter, and also comprises a hydraulic pressure filleting block composed of five nonreturn valves. The hydraulic pressure filleting block is provided with five liquid inlets/outlets P[0], P[1], P[2], P[01] and P[y]. the liquid inlet/outlet P[y] of the hydraulic pressure filleting block is respectively connected with the overflow valve, the pressure meter switch and the pressure meter, and the liquid inlet/outlet P[01]is connected with the fluid meter. The utility model has the advantages of small size, low cost, strong adaptability of working environment, wide test specification, etc.


The paper focuses on the application of the Cross-Correlation Analysis (CCA) technique for quantifying changes of semi-natural grasslands to artificial structures at different spatial resolutions (grain) on a Mediterranean Natura 2000 site as a further test case of the results reported in [1]. In that work the CCA was applied to detect specific changes associated with agricultural intensification and fires. A semi-natural grasslands layer extracted from an existing Land Cover/Land Use map (1:5000, time T1) was considered as input to the CCA jointly with a Very High Resolution (VHR) WorldView-2 satellite image (2 meters spatial resolution, time T2) and with a High Resolution Landsat 8 OLS satellite image (30 meters spatial resolution, time T2), with T2 > T1, respectively, for the fine and the coarse scale analysis. The results were compared to those obtained by applying a traditional Post Classification Comparison technique to the same reference at time T1 map and an updated at time T2 map obtained by a knowledge driven classification of four multi-seasonal Worldview-2 input images, according to [1]. Also in this case the CCA technique results encouraging offering the possibility to reduce the costs of change detection when the acquisition of multi-seasonal VHR images at time T2 is too expensive or when no archive VHR image is available in the past for comparison between at time T1 and T2 images. The areas of change detected at VHR and HR were quite similar for the specific transition analyzed with larger error values in HR change images.


The current state of mirror materials with application to solar concentrators is reviewed. After specular reflectance is defined, the optical measurement techniques developed specifically for these materials are discussed. Next, the solar reflectance properties of mirror materials, divided into categories of glass, metallize plastics, polished aluminum, and protective coatings, are summarized. Finally, current problem areas and future areas of research are discussed. (WHK)


Far infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy was used to study the low lying vibronic states of Mn$sup 3+$ in Al$sub 2$O$sub 3$ and the plasma absorption of electron-hole droplets in Ge. The transmission of Mn-doped samples of Al$sub 2$O$sub 3$ was measured in the frequency range from 3 to 30 cm$sup -1$ in applied magnetic fields up to 50 kG. Absorption lines were observed due to both ground and excited state transitions. Polarization measurements established that these absorption lines were due to electric dipole transitions. Temperature dependence measurements were used to derive a level diagram for the low lying states of Mn$sup 3+$. A phenomenological model based on an electronic Hamiltonian was developed which successfully describes the data. The empirically determined trigonal field and spin-orbit quenching parameters of this model are 0.7 and 0.1 respectively. This quenching is attributed to the dynamic Jahn-- Teller interaction. The plasma absorption of small ($alpha$) electron-hole drops in Ge was measured in the frequency range from 30 to 300 cm$sup -1$. The observed absorption is in good agreement with measurements by Vavilov and other workers. A theoretical model which includes both intraband and interband contributions to the dielectric constant in the Rayleigh limit of Miemore » theory is used to describe the observed lineshape. Measurements of plasma absorption of large ($gamma$) drops in inhomogeneously stressed Ge were made in magnetic fields up to 50 kG. The lineshape at zero applied field was calculated in the large sphere limit of Mie theory including intraband terms and a zero-strain interband term. Qualitative agreement with experiment was obtained. The peak absorption shifted quadratically with applied magnetic field and the total plasma absorption increased. No oscillatory structure was observed in the field-dependence of the total absorption. (auth)« less


We consider object tracking and monitoring implemented via the use of distributed wireless sensor networks. We view the signal processing and communications operations performed in such networks, in conjunction with the time constraints imposed on their signal processing objectives and the limited life-spans of their sensors. We identify some of the object identification and network monitoring functions that are embedded in such systems. We subsequently focus on a core algorithm whose various manifestations may serve effectively a variety of network functions, and propose its novel application for image and sound object tracking. We also propose a new distributed version of the algorithm for the monitoring of data rates in the network.


Phytoremediation is an environment-friendly method for toxic elements remediation. The aim of this study was to improve the phytoremediation efficiency of Brassica juncea and the rhizosphere soil micro-ecology in cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) contaminated soil. A field experiment was conducted with six treatments, including a control treatment (CK), two treatments with two contents of Trichoderma harzianum (T1: 4.5 g m−2; T2: 9 g m−2), one biochar treatment (B: 750 g m−2), and two combined treatments of T1B and T2B. The results showed Trichoderma harzianum promoted the total chlorophyll and translocation factor of Brassica juncea, while biochar promoted plant biomass compared to CK. T2B treatment showed the best results, which significantly increased Cd accumulation by 187.49–308.92%, and As accumulation by 125.74–221.43%. As a result, the soil's total Cd content was reduced by 19.04% to 49.64% and total As contents by 38.76% to 53.77%. The combined amendment increased the contents of soil available potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, and organic matter. Meanwhile, both the activity of glutathione and peroxidase enzymes in plants, together with urease and sucrase enzymes in soil, were increased. Firmicutes (dominant bacterial phylum) and Ascomycota (dominant fungal phylum) showed positive and close correlation with soil nutrients and plant potentially toxic elements contents. This study demonstrated that phytoremediation assisted by biochar and Trichoderma harzianum is an effective method of soil remediation and provides a new strategy for enhancing plant remediation efficiency.


In recent years, the expanding field of infancy research has wit nessed a major shift in focus from the study of discrete mother and infant behaviors to that of an interactive systems approach to the mother-infant dyad, with increasing emphasis on the infant's contri bution to the interaction (Bell, 1971; Lewis & Rosenblum, 1974). As a result of this change, researchers have attempted to identify vari ables in the newborn's behavior that could influence the baby's social environment. It has also been suggested that subtle sex differences in the infant may very well be influencing the mother's handling of the baby (Hittelman, 1975; Korner, 1974; Olley, 1973). The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between the infants' sex and their capacity to maintain eye contact. Neonatal eye contact is an important variable to study since it has been shown to have a profound impact on the development of maternal attachment (Greenman, 1963, Klaus, Kennel, Plumb, & Zuehlke, 1970; Robson, 1967; Wolff, 1963) and on infant attachment as well (Brazelton, Tronick, Adamson, Als, & Weise, 1975). Eye contact is one of the earliest social behaviors under the infant's control. Immediately after birth newborns are capable of maintaining visual fixation and pursuit (Brazelton, 1973; Hershenson, 1964; Wolff, 1965) and making visual discriminations (Fantz, 1958). Visual pursuit is a highly reliable be havior with a wide range of individual differences (Bartens, Birns, & Ronch, 1971). Friedman (1972) has concluded that newborn infants have the ability to process and regulate visual impact by turning their eyes away from a stimulus or visually searching for it. Commenting on a similar phenomenon, Brazelton (1973) has reported that new borns may turn their head to look at an examiner's face and attend


Objective
To explore the mechanism of HSP70 on cell cycle regulation in hepatic IR(ischemia - reperfusion) injury.

Methods
SD rats were randomly divided into HSP70 inhibitor group (H-/P+ ), heat shock group (H+ /P+ ), PARP-1 inhibitory group (H+ /P-), IR group (PC) and negative control group (NC), respectively. After the IR model was induced, the liver specimen underwent IHC staining to observe the changes of the PARP-1 expression; Co-immunoprecipitation was used to detect the binding of HSP70 with PARP-1.

Results
H+ /P-was significantly different from H+ /P+ , H-/P+ , PC, NC (P<0.01); Immunoprecipitation suggested that HSP70 entered into the nucleus to bind PARP-1, and immunofluorescence imaging analysis demonstrated both HSP70 and CyclinD1 expressed at the same timeline.

Conclusion
Under reversible hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, HSP70 enters the nucleus and binds to PARP-1, negatively regulates G2/M phase, blocks cells for DNA replication and recombination, blocks its entry into mitosis, repairs damaged DNA chain; Liver ischemia-reperfusion positively regulates the G1/S phase, promoting hepatocyte regeneration and liver function compensation.

Key words:
HSP70Heat-shock proteins; Reperfusion injury; DNA repair


In order to improve corrosion resistance of zinc coating,it usually use chromate passivation.However,the chromate wastewater heavily pollutes the water source and environment,the chromates are prohibited in electroplating and passivation in some western countries.For technique development and environment protection,it is very important to study a low toxicity alternative to chromate passivation treatment. 


This study was carried out to assess the occurrence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the bats, birds and rodents as representative of wildlife from different habitats in Sibu and Kapit, Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 682 swab
samples were collected from wildlife hosts and screened for the bacteria E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 using
standard microbiological methods and molecular techniques. The overall occurrence rates of E. coli among these hosts were 14%, 17% and 54% for bats, birds and rodents, respectively. The occurrence of E. coli was the
highest in rodents regardless of the habitats. Isolated E. coli were then screened for E. coli O157:H7 by using a
multiplex PCR with four primer pairs targeting for Shiga toxin producing genes (slt-I and slt-II), and the genes
involved in biosynthesis of O157 antigen (rfbE) and H7 antigen (fliCH7 ). slt-I, slt-II and rfbE genes were not
detected in any of the E. coli isolates. However, the gene encoding for H7 antigen was detected in 23 E. coli
isolates. This indicated that E. coli O157:H7 strain was not detected in the wildlife studied. Absence of E. coli
O157:H7 in the wildlife studied indicated these wild animals do not serve as an important reservoir of E. coli
O157:H7. However, precautions have to be taken as other group of pathogenic E. coli may pose a zoonotic risk
for humans and other animals.


The cross-section for inelastic proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV is measured with the LHCb detector. The fiducial cross-section for inelastic interactions producing at least one prompt long-lived charged particle with momentum p > 2 GeV/c in the pseudorapidity range 2 < ⌘ < 5 is determined to be acc = 62.2±0.2±2.5mb. The first uncertainty is the intrinsic systematic uncertainty of the measurement, the second is due to the uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The statistical uncertainty is negligible. Extrapolation to full phase space yields the total inelastic proton-proton cross-section inel = 75.4 ± 3.0 ± 4.5mb, where the first uncertainty is experimental and the second due to the extrapolation. An updated value of the inelastic cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV is also reported. Submitted to JHEP c CERN on behalf of the LHCb collaboration, licence CC-BY-4.0. †Authors are listed at th end of this paper. ar X iv :1 80 3. 10 97 4v 1 [h ep -e x] 2 9 M ar 2 01 8 Fiducial cr ss-s ction a p s = 13 TeV s lection • At least o e lo g-lived pr mpt cha g d particle • p > 2 GeV/c • 2 < ⌘ < 5 • mean lifetim > 30 ps acc( p s = 13 TeV) = 62.2± 2.5(exp) mb


Quinolinic acid (QA) is an endogenous excitotoxin acting on N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) that leads to the pathologic and neurochemical features similar to those observed in Huntington's disease (HD). The mechanism of QA toxicity also involves free radicals formation and oxidative stress. NMDARs are particularly vulnerable to the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that can act as modulators of the activity of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and phosphotyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Because QA is able to activate neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) as well as to stimulate the NMDARs, we evaluated the effect of Nω‐Nitro‐l‐arginine‐methyl ester (l‐NAME), a selective nNOS inhibitor, on QA‐induced neurotoxicity in rat corticostriatal slices. In electrophysiologic experiments we observed that slice perfusion with QA induced a strong reduction of field potential (FP) amplitude, followed by a partial recovery at the end of the QA washout. In the presence of l‐NAME the recovery of FP amplitude was significantly increased with respect to QA alone. In synaptosomes, prepared from corticostriatal slices after the electrophysiologic recordings, we observed that l‐NAME pre‐incubation reversed the QA‐mediated inhibitory effects on protein tyrosine phosphorylation pattern, c‐src, lyn, and fyn kinase activities and tyrosine phosphorylation of NMDAR subunit NR2B, whereas the PTP activity was not recovered in the presence of l‐NAME. These findings suggest that NO plays a key role in the molecular mechanisms of QA‐mediated excitotoxicity in experimental model of HD. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Sintered silver bonding processes are expected to offer bonding solutions with high heat endurance for power modules using wide bandgap semiconductors. This study reports the die-attach reliability of the bonding process under thermal cycling tests, focusing on the metallurgical and mechanical properties of sintered silver joints. A nanocrystalline (NC) structure with 150-nm-sized grains was observed in the as-sintered state, while a coarsened structure with microsized grains and pore coalescence was observed after annealing at 350°C for 1 h. In addition, the increase of bonding pressure reduced the number of coarse pores. Transmission electron microscope observations showed favorable crystalline structure along the grain boundaries. Tensile tests at room and high temperature revealed that the sintered silver materials showed the inherent mechanical properties of NC metals. Thermal cycling tests of die-attached specimens demonstrated the temperature dependence of crack resistance at constant amplitude. Fu...


COPYRIGHT © 2022 Naka, Werneck, Rosser, Pil and Boubli. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: The role of rivers in the origins, evolution, adaptation, and distribution of biodiversity


High‐frequency sampling of stable water isotopes in precipitation and stream water during winter and summer storm events was carried out in a 2·3 km2 lowland agricultural catchment. During peak flows of monitored events, the responses of δ2H and δ18O were comparable and inferred the dominance (ca 70%) of 'old' pre‐event water. Transit Time Distribution (TTD) inferred by a gamma function were fitted (Nash–Sutcliffe = 0·8) and were also similar for δ2H and δ18O. However, the shape (α) and scaling (β) parameters were markedly different for summer and winter events. Consequently, when antecedent wetness was high, mean transit times were in the order of days; when drier, they increased to months. Moreover, while the responses of δ2H and δ18O exhibited similar gradual recovery to pre‐event conditions during winter hydrograph recessions, they differed dramatically on summer recessions. Time series analysis showed that δ2H isotope content was correlated with the diurnal cycle of air temperature, suggesting an evaporative fractionation pattern which could be reproduced by a temperature‐based first‐order autoregressive model. The heavier δ18O isotope showed no evidence for such diurnal variability. The study highlights the utility of high‐frequency stable isotope sampling to explore the time‐variant nature of TTDs. Furthermore, it shows that the time of sampling in a diurnal cycle may have crucial significance for interpreting stream isotope signatures, particularly δ2H. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We report observations of strongly damped Doppler shift oscillations detected in a flare line, Fe XIX, with the Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation spectrometer. Spectra were recorded above an active region at the western limb of the Sun, from lines with formation temperatures ranging from 0.01 to 10 MK. However, the oscillations were seen only in the hot plasma (>6 MK) lines. The Doppler oscillations have periods of 14-18 minutes, with an exponential decay time of 12-19 minutes, and show an initial large blueshift pulse with peak velocities up to 77 km s-1. Several indications suggest that the Doppler oscillations are incompressible coronal loop oscillations that are excited impulsively by a flarelike event that also produced a strong increase in Fe XIX emission.


The theory of simple shells is a surface‐related Cosserat model for thin elastic shells. In this direct approach, each material point is connected with a triad of rigidly rotating directors. This paper presents a study of the governing equations for orthotropic elastic simple shells in the framework of the linearized theory. We establish the uniqueness of classical solutions, without any restrictive assumption on the strain energy function. The continuous dependence of solutions on the body loads and initial data is proved. Also, the existence of weak solutions to the equations of simple shells is proved by means of an inequality of Korn's type established for such directed surfaces. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Improving atmospheric aerosol identification is a necessary step for a better forecasting of particulate pollution events. Detailed knowledge of the vertical distribution of aerosol optical properties can provide a strong constraint to data assimilation systems (Wang et al, 2013), and the link with surface operational measurements needs to be strengthened. Lidar measurement has emerged as a powerful technique for this integrated approach coupling measurements and modeling. The signal recorded by the atmospheric lidar system is related to the chemical and size distributions of particles, as well as their internal and external structures. A ground-based lidar measurement is thus an efficient way for identifying the aerosol nature over a site and/or a network over time. We developed a mobile N2-H2O vibrational Raman lidar system, called WALI (Water vapor and Aerosol Lidar, Chazette et al, 2015), partly for such aerosol studies. The WALI system performed measurements during the international campaigns of ChArMEx (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) and HyMeX (Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment). It allowed to classify the aerosol types present over the study site thanks to crosspolarization and N2-Raman scattering channels (Chazette et al, 2016). Figure 1 gives the temporal evolution of aerosol classification after defining a specific colour map as a function of BER (Backscatter-to-extinction ratio, inverse of the lidar ratio) and PDR (particle depolarization ratio). The colour map is only associated with the PDR during daytime, because N2-Raman signal-to-noise ratio is limited when the sun is up. Whereas during nighttime, an automatic algorithm using several regularization methods allows to estimate directly and simultaneously the BER and the aerosol extinction coefficient (AEC) against the altitude, from the N2-Raman signal. BER is proportional to the single scattering albedo. Thus the couple of variables BER and PDR can be used for aerosol classification in colour, whereas AEC is shown by the intensity of the aerosol signal. A Monte Carlo algorithm has been used in parallel to assess the uncertainties on derived optical parameters, and to evaluate different regularization methods. We will present these algorithms and their sensitivity studies. It will be illustrated by concrete examples obtained during the mentioned campaigns. The different lidar profile regularization approaches will be discussed in terms of advantages and disadvantages toward an operational process.


Research on Spectrum Sensing System Based on Composite Neural Network 22 Long Zhang (The Spectrum Division of China Electronic Equipment System Engineering Company), Min Zhao (The Spectrum Division of China Electronic Equipment System Engineering Company), Cheng Tan (The Spectrum Division of China Electronic Equipment System Engineering Company), Gang Li (The Spectrum Division of China Electronic Equipment System Engineering Company), and Chunying Lv (The Spectrum Division of China Electronic Equipment System Engineering Company)


IO N The biomimetic of micro-, nanoand hierarchically structured hairy surfaces of plant origins is in focus of current research, inter alia, because of their extraordinary water-droplet and airbubble storage capability. [ 1–5 ] The latter is based on the great fl exibility of high-aspect-ratio fi laments (trichomes) and thus such surfaces show a typical Cassie-Baxter behavior, [ 6 , 7 ] i.e., water droplets are attached to the surface of air cushions and air pockets are entrapped underneath water. Particularly, the remarkable air-retaining properties make such surfaces economically and ecologically attractive for applications, in which a reduced drag of fl oating units (e.g. ships) in fl uid fl ow is desirable. [ 4 ] Typical examples of such hairy plant surfaces with aspect ratios of 100:1 and higher are the tops of lady's mantle ( Alchemilla vulgaris ) leaves [ 5 ] and the undersides of Corokia cotoneaster (fam. Argophyllaceae ) leaves. Figure 1 shows a macro image of a Corokia cotoneaster leaf underside covered with water droplets. So far, it is not possible to exactly reproduce such natural hairy surfaces, particularly with respect to a high hair density of less than 10 μ m inter-fi lament distances and aspect ratio of more than 100:1. While the generation of microand nanohairs is readily achievable thanks to advanced spinning technologies such as electro spinning, these fi bers cannot easily be attached end-on in the required high densities. [ 8 ]


We consider some variants of the Gowers box norms, introduced by Hatami, and show their relevance in the context of sparse hypergraphs. Our main results are the following. Firstly, we prove a generalized von Neumann theorem for $L_p$ graphons. Secondly, we give natural examples of pseudorandom families, that is, sparse weighted uniform hypergraphs which satisfy relative versions of the counting and removal lemmas.


One of the main obstacles for developing flexible AI systems is the split between data-based learners and model-based solvers. Solvers such as classical planners are very flexible and can deal with a variety of problem instances and goals but require first-order symbolic models. Data-based learners, on the other hand, are robust but do not produce such representations. In this work we address this split by showing how the first-order symbolic representations that are used by planners can be learned from non-symbolic inputs that encode the structure of the state space. The representation learning problem is formulated as the problem of inferring planning instances over a common but unknown first-order domain that account for the structure of the observed state space. This means to infer a complete first-order representation (i.e. general action schemas, relational symbols, and objects) that explains the observed state space structures. The inference problem is cast as a two-level combinatorial search where the outer level searches for values of a small set of hyperparameters and the inner level, solved via SAT, searches for a first-order symbolic model. The framework is shown to produce general and correct first-order representations for standard problems like Gripper, Blocksworld, and Hanoi from input graphs that encode the flat state-space structure of a single instance.


This thesis is concerned with explanations of embodied cognition as internal simulation. The hypothesis is that several cognitive processes can be explained in terms of predictive chains of simulated perceptions and actions.In other words, perceptions and actions are reactivated internally by the nervous system to be used in cognitive phenomena such as mental imagery.This thesis contributes by advancing the theoretical foundations of simulations and the empirical grounds on which they are based, including a review of the empiricial evidence for the existence of simulated perceptions and actions in cognition, a clarification of the representational function of simulations in cognition, as well as identifying implicit, bodily and environmental anticipation as key mechanisms underlying such simulations. The thesis also develops the ³inception of simulation² hypothesis, which suggests that dreaming has a function in the development of simulations by forming associations between experienced, non-experienced but realistic, and even unrealistic perceptions during early childhood. The thesis further investigates some aspects of simulations and the ³inception of simulation² hypothesis by using simulated robot models based on echo state networks. These experiments suggest that it is possible for a simple robot to develop internal simulations by associating simulated perceptions and actions, and that dream-like experiences can be beneficial for the development of such simulations.


In math.NT/0307308 we defined the irrationality base of an irrational number and, assuming a stronger hypothesis than the irrationality of Euler's constant, gave a conditional upper bound on its irrationality base. Here we develop the general theory of the irrationality exponent and base, giving formulas and bounds for them using continued fractions and the Fibonacci sequence. A theorem of Jarnik on Diophantine approximation yields numbers with prescribed irrationality measure. By another method we explicitly construct series with prescribed irrationality base. Many examples are given.


In this article, we want to present the reader with an interesting clinical case from authors' practice, which, in our opinion, clearly demonstrates the efficacy and safety of using Gliatilin (choline alfoscerate) as a part of combination therapy in a 19-year-old man with so-called «long COVID syndrome», manifesting itself predominantly as mix of symptoms of asthenia, depression, anxiety, sleep and cognitive difficulties. This patient, for his ideological reasons and beliefs, refused taking antidepressants, anxiolytics, as well as any other psychotropic drugs. At the same time, the patient asked for help in choosing «a treatment, which will consist of only natural ingredients».


The program environment for electromechanical system analysis based on object-oriented approach and authorial method of mathematical modeling is presented. This environment allows constructing computer models of comprehensive electrotechnical systems with semiconductor converters. Such computer models are distinguished by the high operation speed and ability of real-time operation in interaction with physical equipment. These features of computer models developed using the program environment allow their application in testing physical control systems by connecting a real control system to a computer simulator of the controlled object.


This issue features new work by the twenty writers that Granta's judges - including novelists Edmund White and A.M. Homes - have selected as the most interesting new young voices in American fiction. Granta began its influential "Best of Young..." series with British novelists in 1983, repeated in 1993 and 2003. In 1996, Granta's first "Best of Young American Novelists" included Jeffrey Eugenides, Jonathan Franzen and Lorrie Moore. Who will match them in the new generation?


It is known that in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (A.H.P.) a scale of relative importance for alternatives is derived from a pairwise comparisons matrix A = (aij). Priority vectors are basically provided by the following methods: the right eigenvector method, the geometric mean method and the arithmetic mean method. Antipriority vectors can also be considered; they are built by both the left eigenvector method and mean procedures applied to the columns of A. When the matrix A is inconsistent, priority and antipriority vectors do not indicate necessarily the same ranking. We deal with the problem of the reliability of quantitative rankings and we use quasi-linear means for providing a more general approach to get priority and antipriority vectors.


This paper presents the concepts for an anti-collision system intended for trams. The purpose of the anti-collision system is to develop and provide information to support the driver's decision to initiate the braking of a tram. The anti-collision system is based on the processing of data from multiple sources (obstacle detection, image processing, and visual light communication system) and an expert system. The information about the road situation is visually presented on HUD (Head-up Display) of the driver.


An olefin having a phthalazine ring and a pyrrole ring (2) exhibited a fluorescence spectrum with a large Stokes shift in the cis-isomer. The cis-isomer composition at the photostationary state was...


The origin of packaging was introduced.The inevitability of packaging design development and the abuse of packaging design brought by product development were analyzed.Some countermeasures were put forward through proof,illustration,and picture analysis to solve the problems of packaging design meeting social requirements,easy to be identified and meeting consumers' demands.The purpose was to strengthen understanding of the importance of packaging design to product.


Energy harvesting and spectrum sharing are promising techniques to improve the energy and spectral efficiency of wireless networks. In this work, we propose a two‐phase spectrum sharing scheme with multiple secondary users (SUs) coexisting with an energy harvesting primary user (PU). In Phase I, along with a power beacon transferring wireless power to PU, an SU is selected to transmit data using its maximal power, from which the interference can help charge PU. In Phase II, PU will transmit data using its harvested energy and, meanwhile, another SU is selected to transmit data with a controlled power under an interference constraint of primary system. Particularly, if PU has not harvested any energy in Phase I, it will keep silent in Phase II, and an SU is selected to transmit using its maximal power. Numerical results show that our scheme can achieve a reasonably good throughput for SUs while improving the performance of primary system.


The video monitoring is hectic task when large dataset of surveillance video is to be monitored. The errors involved in monitoring task and suspicious activity detection may lead to missed detection performance. The automation of suspicious activity detection is the need of the time. In this paper, the performance evaluation of suspicious activity detection of video data is shown. The proposed method of combination of GLCM, harries corner detection, speeded up robust features, shows average 96% percent accuracy of suspicious activity detection on self-designed dataset.


In an effort to identify a cohort of patients who might benefit from the early administration of novel therapies designed to modulate the endogenous host inflammatory response, an expert consensus conference of the American College of Chest Physicians and the Society of Critical Care [1] coined the phrase systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) to describe a clinical syndrome believed to be the result of an overly activated inflammatory response. This new definition recognized the important role that endogenous mediators of systemic inflammation play in sepsis, which was no longer regarded as being caused by microbial pathogenicity factors alone [2]. The clinical signs of sepsis, such as fever, tachycardia, tachypnea and leucocytosis, are common responses to systemic infection. A trigger-response concept of sepsis emerged, in which bacteria were seen as the trigger, with the pathophysiology being the response to that trigger. It was now recognized that sepsis involved both microbial and pathophysiological events, and this powerful concept allowed clinicians to see the role of infection in the common inflammatory response 121. For example, uninfected trauma patients and those with intra-abdominal infection had similar clinical courses, both groups developing multiple organ failure with identical microscopic pathology [3] autodestructive inflammation which seemed to be independent of infection. Also, in animal studies it was found that the severity of the physiological response


What are chemokine receptors and ligands doing in the brain? There are 40–50 chemokine ligands, small secreted proteins of 60–100 amino acids. About 20 chemokine receptors exist, ordered in distinct families and coupled to G-proteins. One might think these signalling molecules, which act to attract migrating cells, have a uniquely pathological role in neurodegenerative diseases or to mediate inflammatory responses. Their functions however, seem likely to be wider than that (Rostene et al. 2007; Guyon et al. 2008). Certainly, chemokine signalling contributes to inflammatory responses by attracting cells of the immune system to regions of infection or damage in the brain. But chemokines are also involved in other processes involving cell motility including the control of neuronal migration during brain development (Tiveron & Cremer, 2008) and also the recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells to form blood vessels during cerebral angiogenesis.

Chemokine ligands are liberated by microglia, by astrocytes and also by some neurones. The ligand CXCL12, for instance, is present in synaptic vesicles of granule cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Both glial and neuronal cells express G-protein coupled, cytokine receptors. Often they are expressed selectively in distinct brain areas by specific types of neurones, sometimes with a distinct developmental profile. For instance, adult dopaminergic cells of the substantia nigra express the cytokine receptor CCR2, while cortical Cajal-Retzius cells, which largely disappear during development, express the CXCR4 receptor.

But what are they doing in the brain? One way to find out is to study the physiology of cells that express chemokine receptors. Such work has been greatly facilitated by the development of BAC transgenic animals in which fluorescent reporter proteins reflect the expression of specific receptor molecules. In a recent report in The Journal of Physiology, Marchionni and colleagues (2010) describe work on a CXCR4-EGFP animal. This chemokine receptor binds a specific chemokine ligand, CXCL12, also known as the stromal-cell derived factor 1.

The CXCR4 receptor is expressed by progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of post-natal hippocampus (Bhattacharyya et al. 2008). Marchionni et al. now show that Cajal-Retzius cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus also express the receptor. Cajal-Retzius cells secrete the large glycoprotein reelin, which has a crucial role in the migration of cortical neurones. In the neocortex, they seem to be largely transient, disappearing or at least stopping reelin secretion, when migration is complete. In the CA1 region of the hippocampus however, Marchionni and colleagues show that the Cajal-Retzius cells remain at least until P16–P24 when their experiments were performed.

The somata of fluorescent cells in CXCR4-EGFP animals were found in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the CA1 region, so they are not pyramidal cells. They express reelin as expected, but also the Ca2+-binding protein calretinin, a marker of subsets of cortical interneurones. Are these chemokine receptor-expressing cells interneurones, then? Electrophysiological and anatomical arguments suggest probably not. Marchionni et al. show their electrical properties differ markedly from typical GABAergic interneurons of the same layer. Furthermore, electron microscopy revealed that axons of these Cajal-Retzius cells form terminals which, while containing transmitter vesicles, do not face classical postsynaptic specializations. And yet, both these points could be otherwise explained, so conclusive proof of the identity of released transmitter awaits a simultaneous record from a postsynaptic cell.

If the output of the reelin and CXCR4-expressing fluorescent cells is not completely resolved, they are clearly integrated into synaptic circuits of the CA1 region. They receive sparse GABAergic synaptic events, which can trigger action potentials, due presumably to high levels of internal chloride. However, they express few, if any, glutamatergic receptors. These cells should of course respond to the CXRC4 ligand, stromal-cell derived factor 1 or CXCL12. And they do. It generates a slow probably K+ current mediated hyperpolarization.

So Marchionni and colleagues have set the stage to ask in a much more informed way the question: what is this chemokine signalling system doing? CXRC4 receptors are expressed by adult Cajal-Retzius cells integrated into circuits in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Probably, at P12–P24 in the CA1 region, they are not participating in migration. Possibly, they reflect a strategic signalling reserve that could be rapidly expanded when inflammatory processes are engaged. More probably, perhaps they participate in signalling in the adult CA1 region. The article shows that activation of CXRC4 receptors by their ligand CXCL12 abolishes the spontaneous discharges of these Cajal-Retzius cells. So chemokine signalling should abolish release of molecules contained in the vesicles of Cajal-Retzius cell axons. The absence of classical postsynaptic structures and the presence in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of CA1 points to effects by volume transmission on afferents terminating in this layer. It is intriguing to wonder whether that volume transmission is mediated by GABA, or glutamate or even reelin. Whichever it is, this article seems likely to modify once again our vision of hippocampal circuit function.


To satisfy the requirement of density of aquatic for shrimp and crab pond aquaculture,the aquatic should be cut periodically.Based on the analysis of traditional manual reaping and river cleaning equipment,a whole new plan for reaping aquatic in shrimp and crab pond and designs of aquatic-cutting-harvesting equipment have been proposed.Furthermore,demands were made on the size and data of exact dimensions and other important parameters of main working parts,which were based on the actual production needs.Hub cutter is analyzed by CFD software FLUENT in order to get the integrative data about in the field of dynamic pressure.The equipment is set to use cutter and worm conveyer with easy geometry,dehydrating in real time,without pumps,with good stability,high efficiency and adapting to any kinds of difficult working environments.Such equipment satisfies the needs of low cost,easy for assembling proposed by the actual demands.


This article explores the ideological and historical basis of new authoritarian South Asian and Hindu movements, and considers the links between their ideologies and the history of racial and ethnic formations in the west during the Enlightenment period. Using Paul Gilroy's work on radical black conservatism as a starting point, the author explores some of the metaphysical ideas behind the late modern recovery of primordial ethnic belonging. The author considers the possibilities of a volkish anti-racism in contemporary movements by highlighting the similarities between contemporary right-wing Hindu revival and older German romantic strands that cultivated `primordial' nationalisms based on an appropriation of archaic Vedic scriptures. The background to the concept `Aryan' is explored. The author considers how many far-right ideas about ethnicity and nationalism have found a deep resonance in `New Age' writings. The conclusion links these themes to a broader discussion of metaphysical ideas.


Over the past several years, considerable progress has been made in aerodynamic design through the use of adjoint-based solution technologies. These design systems allow one to change the surfaces of a configuration so that some objective function, such as lift-todrag ratio or sonic boom strength, is optimized. Unfortunately, these systems change the configuration surfaces on a point-by-point basis, instead of by changing the design parameters that were used to generate the original configuration; this limitation arose from the lack of good sensitivity calculations through the geometric design process. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the coupling of recently developed configuration sensitivity calculations with the adjoint-based optimization frameworks. In particular, a wing is optimized to minimize the induced drag (for a fixed lift) through both the CART3D and FUN3D design frameworks. Several methods for propagating sensitivity information into the interior of Faces were investigated. The optimized results, both for sensitivities computed by finite differences (which are nearly identical to the predicted displacement field but expensive to compute) and for sensitivities computed analytically (which disagree with the predicted displacements but are inexpensive to compute), are nearly identical.


Objective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of residents, concerning their residency preferences, living conditions, medical residency training and working conditions in the Medical Faculty of Dokuz Eylul University. Materials and Methods:  In this cross-sectional study; the questionnaire, consisting of 51 questions including demographic data and a Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, was carried out face-to-face with 252 resident doctors who accepted to participate. Results:  Of the participants, 92.1% were enthusiastic while choosing their specialization. In the choice of residency, desire to specialize (52.0%), to find the ideal career (51.2%), promising specialties (50.4%) were considered respectively. Although the income affected the choice of 25.8%, most of them (72.2%) considered that the income was not enough. The mean job satisfaction score was determined as 3.39±0.59. Job satisfaction scores were higher in residents who were enthusiastic about their specialization, had less hours on duty, had priority for training within their departments, thought that they were not used for drudgery, found the physical conditions and salary adequate, assessed their training as sufficient (p<0.05). Conclusion:  Residency is an important period of professional life, and it is important to be aware of the factors affecting resident doctors' satisfaction so that better training and working environment can be achieved. (Marmara Medical Journal 2012;25:20-5) Anahtar Kelimeler:  Resident doctors, Medical residency training, Job satisfaction


The present dissertation questions how to ensure the effectiveness of international and national legislation that prohibits cruel practices and mistreatment of laying hens in the egg industry. Thus, in the first chapter I make a historical approach to the exploitation of nonhuman animals by humans from the advent of agriculture to the present, through the domestication of chickens and their confinement in so-called battery cages. I also analyze the concepts of cruelty, maltreatment and animal welfare, as well as present some alternative systems for laying hens. In the second chapter I discuss the legal protection of laying hens, both conceptually and from a legislative point of view, at international and national levels. I analyze the animalistic movement, especially in the present day regarding the abolition of battery cages. In the third chapter I present the animal welfare certification as a possible solution to the problem initially presented. To do this, I speak about the legal nature of certifications and their importance for guaranteeing the right of information to the consumer, I write about the main green and animal protection stamps in Brazil, analyzing in detail the certification of applied animal welfare to laying hens, in order to address the issue of Brazilian consumer awareness on the subject. I conclude defending that (i) welfare certification must be mandatory; (ii) technical criteria must be used to assess the degree of well-being and, consequently, the occurrence or non-existence of maltreatment, and that such criteria must be established by law; (iii) the criteria for INMETRO to accredit a certifier must be established by law; (iv) certification inspection must be done by a regulatory agency; (v) an information policy must be instituted; and (vi) the access of the population to the farms must be allowed. This, on the one hand, will oblige producers to comply with the minimum standards of welfare of laying hens, otherwise they will be criminally liable, and on the other hand, it will enable the consumer to make conscious choices by boycotting producers who insist in maltreatment, which will make them disappear, and stimulating producers who observe the well-being, which will proliferate.


First set-up of the laser source based on the DFB (Distributed FeedBack) laser diode is presented. We used the DFB laser diode at 760 nm wavelength with mode-hop free tuning range above 1 nm and fiber output up to 10 mW. We present our first characteristics without external stabilization of the output wavelength. We compared our new DFB laser source with our previously developed laser source with VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) diode. Results are presented. Both laser sources were developed for laser interferometry, laser metrology of length. We present set-up of the laser interferometer proposed with respect to using of our laser sources. The design of optical set-up of the experimental interferometer is realized using fiber optics to reduce the influence of the index of refraction of air. The laser interferometer in the first set-up was used for absolute measurement of length. We used the method of the frequency stabilization on optical resonator to stabilize of frequency of laser diode and measurement of the tuneability of the wavelength.


Coincidental airborne brightness temperature (TB) and normalized radar-cross section (NRCS) measurements were carried out with the PALS (Passive and Active L- and S- band) instrument in the SMAPVEX08 (SMAP Validation Experiment 2008) fleld campaign. This paper describes results obtained from a set of ∞ights which measured a fleld in 45 - steps over the azimuth angle. The fleld contained mature soy beans with distinct row structure. The measurement shows that both TB and NRCS experience modulation efiects over the azimuth as expected based on the theory. The result is useful in development and validation of land surface parameter forward models and retrieval algorithms, such as the soil moisture algorithm for NASA's SMAP (Soil Moisture Active and Passive) mission. Although the footprint of the SMAP will not be sensitive to the small resolution scale efiects as the one presented in this paper, it is nevertheless important to understand the efiects at smaller scale. The airborne PALS (Passive and Active L- and S-band) instrument was used in the SMAPVEX08 (SMAP Validation Experiment 2008) campaign (2) to measure the brightness temperature (TB) and normalized radar cross-section (NRCS) at L-band during a period of several days over an area spanning tens of kilometers in Maryland and Delaware. SMAP (Soil Moisture Active and Passive) is a NASA mission to measure global soil moisture and boreal land surface freeze/thaw state (1). The satellite will carry radar (active) and radiometer (passive) L-band instruments that will perform simultaneous and coincident measurements of the Earth's surface. The airborne PALS instrument


Background: Mitral valve regurgitation (MR) or mitral insufficiency is a common disease, especially among the elderly. MR may be acute or chronic, depending on the underlying pathology: accordingly, it must be distinguished between primary (degenerative) MR (DMR) and secondary (functional) MR (FMR). In recent years new minimally invasive procedures have become available for inoperable or high-risk patients. This assessment seeks to answer questions on the efficacy and safety of mitral valve repair using minimally invasive procedures such as MitraClip® for inoperable patients with DMR or FMR; Carillon® for inoperable patients with FMR; NeoChord DS 1000 for operable patients with DMR. Methods: The submission documents supplied by the manufacturers were complemented with a systematic search in five literature databases and five databases on ongoing clinical trials. Results: No comparative studies to assess the effectiveness were identified. To assess safety, one systematic review (SR) and 20 primary studies were included (for MitraClip®, one SR and 16 primary studies; for CARILLON® 2 primary studies; for NeoChordDS1000 3 primary studies). In observational studies all 3 medical devices reduce the MR grades and the NYHA class. The rate of serious adverse events is 20%, the 12-month mortality around 23%. Patients' selection and experience with the intervention are key factors of the reduction of frequency and severity of complications. Currently, several clinical trials are ongoing. 4 studies comparing MitraClip® with guideline-based drug therapy as a comparator are of particular interest. The first results are expected in 2017. Conclusion: Two of the evaluated medical devices, NeoChord DS1000 and CARILLON® are still at an early stage of development. The MitraClip® however, was already implanted worldwide in around 23,000 patients before results of comparative studies had been published.


The questions of organizational structure improvement of project-oriented enterprises on the production of buoyancy materials are considered. The estimation of organizationally-administrative efficiency coefficient of enterprise is conducted.


Abstract : A mathematical model that positions and moves a variable sized 23-pin joint articulated stick-man in a crewstation environment is presented. The model simulates the motion of pilots in a given cockpit configuration considering gross reach capability required by a task. It utilizes a non-linear optimization technique to position and orient the joints, analyzes the viewing capability after the operation and detects body intersections with the seatback during the task. (Author)


Aspartic proteinases play important roles in a wide range of normal and pathological processes. For example, pepsin is the major gastric proteinase of mammals, renin plays a key role in haemostasis by cleaving angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, and the HIV protease is essential for the maturation and replication of the virus that causes AIDS [1]. Because of the important roles played by aspartic proteinases in many human diseases, they have been attractive targets for the design of enzyme inhibitors acting as drugs. Most drug design efforts have focused on low-molecular-weight inhibitors, some of which are already in widespread use in the treatment of AIDS. In contrast, natural proteinaceous inhibitors of aspartic proteinases have been poorly studied, even though many proteinaceous inhibitors are known to be highly potent and specific inhibitors of proteinases.


Studies of oscillatory pipe flow driven by the reciprocating motion of a magnetic fluid column are carried out as fundamental work toward an application to a driving source of fluid motion. In the present experiment, the motion is induced by a sinusoidal oscillating magnetic field. A system of pipes of different sizes is employed to examine the characteristics of the oscillatory flow. Larger displacement is attained in the case where the upper surface of the magnetic fluid column is initially set below the center of the magnetic field. In order to predict the characteristics of the pipe flow driven by the magnetic fluid motion, a numerical analysis is also conducted. The governing equation, in which frictional resistance of laminar flow and other flow losses are included, is expressed as a nonlinear ordinary differential equation and calculated numerically under conditions similar to those of the experiment. Computational results agree well with data obtained from the experiment.


Volcanic degassing is often happened on top of Mt Kelud. One of the indicator of its activity is the changing of the lake color. An observation has been conducted for years to watch the condition of the lake using a CCTV camera, the volcanology officer. Since it is located on top of the mountain, weather condition always change from clear, cloudy, or hazy. Obviously, the vision of the camera is limited or even blocked by the haze or fog. In this paper, we use a haze removal technique based on dark channel prior. The problem comes up because the airlight hard to estimate on non-sky area. By comparing different size of the patches, we found that, in our case, for smaller patch the airlight closes to its maximum limit. This airlight almost equals to sky region. For image improvement, we use guided image filter to maintain image quality after transmission map estimation. According to FADE (Fog Aware Density Evaluator) the fog density estimated to be 0.6333 and SSIM (Structural Similarity) 0.9977.


Introduction: There is widespread hypovitaminosis D in Indian population. Vitamin D is a naturally synthesized hormone in the skin. TL01 synthesize vitamin D naturally using ultraviolet radiation B. This has been used for lighter skin types (type I & II) but not for darker skin types (type IV & V).This study was under taken as a randomized controlled trial for university population. The sample was a convenient sample from the population comprising of adults from both genders. Methodology :To check TL01, Philips as a tool for vitamin D synthesis, in Indian skin type (Skin type IV & V), a total of 44 participants both males and females of 18-70 years of age, were randomly allocated to two groups and studied. Out of them 29 completed the study. One group was given intervention of , 320W TL01 lamps whereas the other was not treated with it, and served as matched control. Observations : TL01 was easy to administer. 34 % dropouts were seen. No adverse effect or any errythema was seen with a low dose regimen. Result and Conclusion : Vitamin D level significantly increased in the intervention group as compared to control group (p=0.0032)*.Mean rise was of7.68ng/ml in the intervention group. No change in vitamin D was seen in control group. TL01 is seen as a tool for vitamin D synthesis (in skin type IV & V).


Low molecular weight polysaccharide of Spirulina Platensis(LNPSP) was obtained by hydrochloric acid degradation,and its average relative molecular mass was 10ku.The SLNPSP1,SLNPSP2,and SLNPSP3 of sulfated polysaccharides were synthesized by chlorosulfonic-pyridine method,and their sulfur contents increased gradually.Their activities were determined through anti-tumor study in vitro on SMMC 7721.The results indicated that there was a very significant difference between the activities of SLNPSP and those of LNPSP,and the anti-tumor activity was increased with the sulfur content.


The metabolism of debrisoquine (5mg kg−1 orally) was investigated in females of 7 strains of rat. Two major metabolic pathways, those of 4‐ and 6‐ hydroxylation were found to be polymorphic. The DA strain eliminated in urine only 7–10% of the dose as 4‐hydroxy‐debrisoquine together with 31–55% debrisoquine while the corresponding values for the Lewis strain were 44–55% and 11–17% respectively. Accordingly, DA and Lewis rats were proposed as models for the human PM (poor metabolizer) and EM (extensive metabolizer) drug oxidation phenotypes. To further test this model, DA and Lewis rats were given phenacetin (200 mg kg−1 orally). This underwent O‐de‐ethylation to paracetamol (52–55%) and aromatic 2‐hydroxylation (7–8%) in Lewis rats. The corresponding findings in DA rats were 35–40% O‐de‐ethylation and 12–13% 2‐hydroxylation. It is suggested that, with respect to both debrisoquine and phenacetin, Lewis and DA inbred rat strains afford a model of oxidative drug metabolism for the human EM and PM phenotypes respectively.


The quality of the ski boots plays an extraordinary important role in the performance and in the safety of the skiers. The deformation behavior of a racing class ski boot was characterized by using the digital image correlation technique in this study. The boot was gripped in the ski binding and 3 types of motions of the skiers and the deformations of the boot were simulated by a professional skier in the laboratory. First, the buckles were closed in 4 stages and the resulting strains were measured. Furthermore, the skier positioned his balance continuously forward, resulting in a high overall bending deformation of the boot. The leg of the skier acted as a bending arm and pushed the upper part of the boot forward. This loading situation was assumed as quasi- static and was repeated several times. Finally, the skier jumped and this dynamic movement was recorded by using two high speed cameras for 3D analysis. Special focus was devoted to the measurement of the deformation of the boot during the contact of the ski with the ground of the laboratory. Both the displacement of the upper part and the local strain in selected areas of the boot was determined for both quasi-static and dynamic test conditions and are discussed in the paper.


Women's status in society, particularly those of marginalized ones positions are very preoccupied with the sense of submissiveness and negligence. The word 'Marginalized' used as the substitute of poor/ tribal/ peripheral. Marginalised women, the tribe or the poor women and the outcast or the rebellious women, do not have any 'proper' position and identity in society. Their sufferings have long been avoided, and were not even considered as 'wrong' but the usual consequences of everyday life. Every woman does not belong to the upper class or face the fate of misery or not, every single woman has the same tragedy to endure but many of them have similarities. They have similar stories uncaring pronunciation and different situations. Mahasweta Devi's stories articulate of this unspeakable truth of women's misery and their power of enduring and resistance. In her stories, readers get the linear story which is derelict in mainstream literature. Her fiction offers an array of female's figurative situation/ position in society as well as their materialistic use of the body for the social and economic purpose. In this paper study the her short stories such as, Breast-Giver, and Dhouli in order to explain the paradoxical position and representation of women in society as well as their uneven voices.


Bamforth contends that research conducted into cation-ratio dating at CA-KER-140 was flawed because of (1) a poorly conceived research design, (2) a lack of site integrity, and (3) misinterpretation of the chemical data. He further argues that processes affecting artifact stability at KER-140 were absent from the IPP sites. As a result, he suggests that the conclusions presented in my earlier article are unsound and irrelevant to the interpretation of previously derived cation-ratio dates. In this article I respond to these assertions. Specifically, I demonstrate that Bamforth has failed to establish grounds for dismissing either the KER-140 research design or the chemical results obtained from that study. In addition, I review descriptions of the IPP sites presented elsewhere by Bamforth and conclude that these descriptions support the interpretation of artifact instability at the IPP sites.


In the 21st century,more and more people from rural areas and suburbs pour into cities.Urbanization had become an unstoppable tendency bringing a series of unfavorable consequences.Farmlands in the countries are shrinking.Rural lands,rivers and air conditions are polluted.Because of the rapid development of urban industries and the aggravation of urbanization,large numbers of natural surfaces in the city have been replaced by artificial surfaces.This had resulted in undesirable impacts on urban meteorological and ecological environment,which could have seriously polluted urban ecology and urban environments and accelerated the ecological crisis of urban spaces,and also brought lots of negative effect to the health of human beings.Studies had showed that urban green spaces could absorb carbon dioxide,release oxygen,lower the air temperature,increase air moisture,reduce dust concentration and noise level,while they could protect the biodiversity and reduce air pollution through the photosynthesis,absorption,buffer function,transpiration and evapotranspiration of vegetation.Urban green spaces were one of the best ways to improve the urban ecological environment.Many researchers have done numerous studies about the eco-environmental effects of urban green spaces,mainly in lowering the surface temperature,increasing the air humidity,carbon fixation and oxygen release,noise reduction,pollution filtering and biodiversity protection.The differences of the eco-environment effects of the urban green space were not only reflected on large spatial scales(such as different zones,countries and regions and so on),but also reflected on small spatial scales(such as different underlying surface and vegetation types and so on).What was more,these differences were still not only reflected on large temporal scales(such as different seasons or months),but also on small temporal scales(such as different days,hours and minutes).The main influencing factors of the eco-environment effects of the urban green space were summed up as following: the sun radiation quantity,green space size,the shape of green space(the length and width ratio,height,boundary curvature degree,perimeter area ratio,etc.),the green space landscape structure,the internal composition of green space,vegetation indexes(Normalized difference vegetation index,Leaf area index,Vegetation fraction,Thermal vegetation index,etc),biomass and some other ecological environment factors.Seen from the study methods,most researches about the eco-environment effects of urban green space at home or abroad mainly used two methods.One was based on the observation data.The other was the quantitative remote sensing technique,by which we could retrieve the land surface parameters simultaneously.Currently,most of the researches were based on traditional field observation method.That was because that the quantitative remote sensing technology was limited to a few parameters.In developed countries,the thermal infrared(TIR) remote sensing techniques had been used over urban areas and applied in urban climate and heat environmental studies for more than 30 years,mainly for analyzing land surface temperature(LST) distribution,difference and their relationship with urban development and surface energy fluxes.Recently,the rapidly expanding urban areas of the world aroused an environmental challenge for the 21st century that required both new analytic approaches and new data sources.Thus,remote sensing technology could provide a new study method for researchers in developing countries.With the development of the quantitative remote sensing technology,the remote sensing technology is sure to play a more and more important role in future micro-scale eco-environmental effect studies.Based on differences of existing research methods and contents,the study summarized and systematically evaluated the researches on 6 eco-environmental effects of urban green spaces.The current study difficulties,deficiencies and key directions were indicated for references to future allied researches.


of pouch secretion (Kay and Forrest, 1956 b) and allows the conclusion to be drawn that the antihistamine selectively inhibits the acid-secreting mechanism. I n the present experiments the small reduction in pepsin output following the promethazine irrigation is adequately accounted for by the reduction in the volume of juice secreted. I n the second group of experiments in the same animals, the local application of the antihistamine completely abolished the acid secretory response to insulin hypoglyczmia. Contrary to our findings with other stimuli, a profound depression of pepsin secretion also occurred. l h a t the insulin test provides an unsatisfactory quantitative measure of gastric secretory response is evident from its ability to inhibit as well as stimulate the secretion of acid and of pepsin by the stomach (Burstall and Schofield, 1951 a, b; Karniven and Karvonen, 1952). Furthermore it has been shown that this inhibitory action is independent of the innervation of the stomach and probably due to a depression of metabolic activity resulting from hypoglyczmia (Forrest and Code, 1954). In the present experiments it was noted that the injection of the same dose of insulin produced more severe hypoglycomic symptoms after promethazine irrigation than in the control tests, presumably due to absorption of promethazine from the gastric pouch. Glucose administration was regularly required after promethazine irrigation, and on several occasions had to be given repeatedly to restore the animal to consciousness. It is suggested that, in the promethazine tests, the dogs developed a degree of hypoglyczmia which would not support continuation of any form of gastric secretion and that no valid conclusions can be made. It has been shown in this series of studies that locally applied antihistamine selectively inhibits the secretion of acid from the stomach, whether this is stimulated by the administration of histamine, by the parasympathomimetic drug carbaminoyl-9methyl-choline, by gastrin release, or by the physiological stimulus of a meal of meat, and that this effect is not the result of a local anosthetic or atropine-like activity. While the results of these studies support the view that histamine normally participates in all phases of gastric secretion, they do not provide conclusive evidence. Proof that promethazine acts solely by antagonizing histamine must await the isolation of a pharmacologically specific antihistamine.


This paper gives the first two moments of a wave field scattered by grazing incidence on a moderately rough surface. The expressions are derived for normally distributed surfaces with arbitrary spectrum, and are valid at depths that are large compared with the surface height. It is demonstrated that the first moment has a weak dependence on the surface fluctuation spectrum. The first moment is compared with Monte Carlo simulations, and gives close agreement. It is also shown that for a given degree of surface roughness the first moment retains the flat‐surface reflection property of being determined by the distance from an ''image source,'' i.e., the sum of the depths of source and receiver.


Oklahoma rated first in the Nation in the percentage of bridges that are structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. According to Federal Highway Administration data, Oklahoma uses approximately 23,250 bridges maintained by state, County, City, and Tribal governments. The Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) estimated that it would cost $3.4 billion to replace these bridges. The research team worked with engineers and bridge maintenance personnel from the Association of County Commissioners of Oklahoma (ACCO), ODOT, and Oklahoma Circuit Engineering Districts (CEDs) to identify, evaluate, and develop two repair techniques for deteriorating off system bridges. The project focused on repairing decayed timber piles and corroded H-piles. To repair decayed timber piles, the decayed pile was removed from the pile cap to sound wood below grade and then replaced with steel members that are commonly available to bridge maintenance personnel. These included steel pipe and steel H-pile sections. The corroded H-piles were repaired by welding steel plates to the flanges of H-piles containing corroded webs. The repair techniques were evaluated in the field through load testing strain gauge instrumented bridges. The steel H-pile repair was also investigated under controlled laboratory testing. The repairs were found to adequately restore strength and stiffness and transfer loads from the super structure to the foundation. Straight forward design guidelines and design tables were developed for each of the repair techniques. The recommended repairs are useful for extending the life of a bridge that contains decayed timber piles or steel H-piles with corroded webs. The repairs allow for adequate safety to be maintained while a deteriorating bridge is waiting to be replaced. This allows for county, tribal, and local government officials to prioritize and wisely spend their bridge and road maintenance resources.


Carbon fibre in polyphenylene sulfide composites became popular material in aircraft industry but its fragility and low resistance against impact loading limits the application of these composites in aircraft primary structures. The article deals with experimental investigation of the mechanical response of damaged composite. Material degradation of intact and damaged specimens during fatigue tests was investigated. The changes in natural frequencies, ultrasound wave propagation and bending stiffness were chosen as damage parameters. The entire fatigue life of intact and damaged specimens was studied in the article by all the presented methods. The accuracy and reliability of assessment of damage parameters were compared. Comparison of accuracy and reliability of presented method for assessment of damage parameters is also given.


Processing language requires the retrieval of concepts from memory in response to an ongoing stream of information. This retrieval is facilitated if one can infer the gist of a sentence, conversation, or document and use that gist to predict related concepts and disambiguate words. This article analyzes the abstract computational problem underlying the extraction and use of gist, formulating this problem as a rational statistical inference. This leads to a novel approach to semantic representation in which word meanings are represented in terms of a set of probabilistic topics. The topic model performs well in predicting word association and the effects of semantic association and ambiguity on a variety of language-processing and memory tasks. It also provides a foundation for developing more richly structured statistical models of language, as the generative process assumed in the topic model can easily be extended to incorporate other kinds of semantic and syntactic structure. Many aspects of perception and cognition can be understood by considering the computational problem that is addressed by a particular human capacity to closely approximate optimal statistical inferences. Cognitive capacities such as memory and categorization can be seen as systems for efficiently making predictions about the properties of an organism's environment (e.g., Anderson, 1990). Solving problems of inference and prediction requires sensitivity to the statistics of the environment. Surprisingly subtle aspects of human vision can be explained in terms of the statistics of natural scenes (Geisler, Perry, Super, & Gallo-gly, 2001; Simoncelli & Olshausen, 2001), and human memory seems to be tuned to the probabilities with which particular events occur in the world (Anderson & Schooler, 1991). Sensitivity to relevant world statistics also seems to guide important classes of cognitive judgments, such as inductive inferences about the properties of categories (Kemp, Perfors, & Tenenbaum, 2004), predictions about the durations or magnitudes of events (Griffiths & Tenenbaum, 2006), and inferences about hidden common causes from patterns of coincidence (Griffiths & Tenenbaum, in press). In this article, we examine how the statistics of one very important aspect of the environment—natural language— influence human memory. Our approach is motivated by an analysis of some of the computational problems addressed by semantic memory, in the spirit of Marr (1982) and Anderson (1990). Under many accounts of language processing, understanding sentences requires retrieving a variety of concepts from memory in response to an ongoing stream of information. One way to do this is to use …


We have presented the results of studying of the dynamics of pathological spermatozoa forms and a number of spermatozoa with damaged acrosome as well as interrelation of indicators of a laboratory estimation with survival rate in vivo and impregnating ability. We have established that the content of pathological forms of spermatozoa in freshly obtained sperm has on the average made 8,7 ± 0,7%, spermatozoa with damaged acrosome – 3,6 ± 0,4%. After sperm dilution, freezing and thawing the quantity of such cells has increased to 12,0 ± 0,8% and 7,2 ± 0,4% accordingly. Fertilization after insemination by the estimated sperm has made 75,4%.


Machine learning is the area of artificial intelligence which uses statistical methods for data classifications. It is now usually applied in different areas like business, government, education and health. In health sector, it is almost used for the prediction, risk factor identification and many more. Among these applications it is used for different eye diseases. Trachoma is a common eye disease that causes blindness. This paper aims to use different techniques of machine learning algorithms and to find out the most effected factor causing trachoma.


In a single-stage multi-bit modulator,the implementation of the multi- bit quantizer is often size and power consuming.When the bits of the quantizer i ncrease,the scale of the circuit increases exponentially and soon becomes practi cally impracticable.In this paper,a new architecture,Noise-Reducing Loop,is pro posed.It employs a quantizer with only a few bits and achieves much better perfo rmance that can only be achieved by using a huge quantizer in the conventional s tructure.Accompanied with the Dynamic Quantization algorithm,the modulator can t race the change of the input signal and achieve the near optimal performance ada ptively.


This paper analyzes one of the first me dical reports from the beginning of the twentieth century that highlights the environmental pollution produced by the mining company Cerro de Pasco Copper Corporation in La Oroya (Mantaro Valley, 1926).


Pollen grains of 34 species of the genus Hydnocarpus (Flacourtiaceae) are described. Two pollen types, one of which is subdivided in two subtypes, are distinguished. Within Flacourtiaceae the pollen of Hydnocarpus is more or less isolated, but the related genus Chlorocarpa has rather similar pollen. In sculpture there exists some resemblance to Paropsia (Passifloraceae).


Part I: Historical Narrative 1: The Decline of the Traditional State, 1780-19012: Building State and Nation Amid Cultural Revolution3: Social Revolution: Alternatives for State and Nation, 1928-604: Economic Disasters and Miracles: 1960 to the Present-Whither State and Nation?Part II: Compendium of Key Figures, Events, and Terms Part III: Resource Guide Part IV: Appendices Appendix 1: Chronology, 1780 to the PresentAppendix 2: DocumentsAppendix 3: Major Party CongressesAppendix 4: Tables and Figures on Trends and DevelopmentsIndex


― 113 ― Pediatric anterior skull base tumors encompass a wide range of pathologies. While they appear infrequently to the clinician, skull base tumors can cause significant damage to vital nearby structures, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Historically, pediatric skull base tumors were resected using open transcranial or craniofacial approaches. While the advancement of endonasal endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) has improved outcomes and decreased morbidity in adults, these techniques have not yet been widely demonstrated in the pediatric population. There are unique challenges in the pediatric population including the anatomical confines that restrict restrict surgical instrumentation, the variation of anatomic surgical landmarks, and concern regarding the effects of ESBS on midface development. However, ongoing investigation continues to affirm the role of ESBS in children. This lecture will focus on surgical challenges and nuances of ESBS in the pediatric population. Challenges in Pediatric Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery


Atmospheric C02 and growth of green plants affect each other vice versa. Not only is atmospheric C02 suboptimal for plant growth, the amount of carbon tied up in biomass is of the same order of magnitude as the amount in atmospheric C02. The biosphere maintains strong exchange fluxes of carbon by assimilation and respira tion, both on land and in the sea. Cessation of either terrestrial or marine biospheric carbon fixation would lead to doubling of atmospheric C02 within a few hundred years. Past fluctuations of atmospheric C02 have probably been strongly amplified or even caused by the biosphere, in interaction with the climatic greenhouse effect of atmospheric C02. Depletion of atmospheric C02 by the end of the Tertiary was probably a major factor in both the evolution of C4 plants and the onset of the gla cial periods. Geologically, the man-made enrichment of the atmosphere with C02 has hardly started, and it is expected to lead to climatic and biospheric changes comparable in size to those leading to transitions between geological periods in the remote past.


: Children with intellectual disabilities, whose development of communication and cognitive abilities is generally limited, often develop behavioral problems in classroom learning that not only disrupt normal teaching and learning, but also affect the children's own lives and learning. The main objective of this study was to reduce the incidence of classroom problem behaviors in children with intellectual disabilities through a positive behavior support program. The study was conducted with a child with moderate intellectual disability, and a positive behavior support program, including ecological environment improvement strategy, antecedent control strategy, behavior teaching strategy and consequence management strategy, was used to intervene in the classroom leaving behavior highlighted by the case. After the intervention, the classroom leaving rate of the case decreased, the number of leaving was significantly reduced, and the intervention was effective, and the positive behavioral support was effective in improving the leaving behavior of the child with intellectual disability.


The phase diagram of lead-free piezoelectric KxNa1−xNbO3 has been studied, with particular focus on the proposed morphotropic phase boundaries, by powder and single crystal x-ray diffraction. The tilt system and cation displacement has been mapped out as a function of temperature and composition, highlighting changes in the oxygen octahedra at x=0.2 and x=0.4 at room temperature. The orthorhombic to monoclinic boundary at x=0.5 has been investigated, with a subtle change in the structure observed. The conclusion is that KxNa1−xNbO3 does not display a morphotropic phase boundary comparable with that in lead zirconate titanate, and that the most significant structural change as a function of composition occurs at x=0.2 because of the change of the tilt system.


Moody's considers multi-family to be at the low end of the asset-risk spectrum for several reasons: There is generally (1) less cash flow volatility due to the lack of dependence on rent from just a few tenants, (2) lower operating expense ratios, (3) less capital intensity2, and (4) a deeper refinance market including Fannie Mae. Negative characteristics include short-term leases, which in turn is mitigated by the reality of high residential lease renewal rates3. For the past two decades, multifamily properties have had one of the lowest default rates of the major property types.


In utility protective relaying, faults or short-circuits on overhead distribution lines frequently cause conductor movement, which results in a subsequent fault closer to the source. Very often a backup protective device operates for these conditions leading to the suspicion that the coordination of the protective devices is improper. Under phase-to-phase faults, the more frequent situation involving this phenomenon, the conductors are forced apart by the short-circuit forces. Even though the closest protective device (recloser) operates, the conductor motion often bring the conductors together. Thus, one would get a recloser operation as well as a circuit breaker operation. In some cases, the circuit breaker locks out for this situation. As a result, a much larger area is interrupted. This paper builds upon a modeling effort to match what happens in the field and to determine what remedies have the best chance of success in dealing with fault-induced conductor motion (FICM). The authors investigated some real-world examples that occurred on the distribution system and evaluated alternatives to deal with them.


Lingcod Oph-iodon elongat·us is an important component of Washington's coastal commercial and sport fisheries (Jagielo 1989). Female lingcod comprise most of the offshore commercial landings, grow faster than males, and attain a larger size. Males predominate in the nearshore sport catch, are typically smaller than females, and perform a nest guarding role during reproduction. These characteristics of the coastal lingcod population suggest the need for an integrated stock assessment which addresses males and females separately and takes the geographic distribution and migratory behavior into account. This paper reports the movement of lingcod tagged nearshore in the western Strait of Juan de Fuca nearNeah Bay, Washington, during 1986-89. Results are presented for tags recovered through 1989 and analyzed by sex and size for extent and direction of movement. I also evaluated tag retention of a wire spaghetti tag applied on the preopercular plate as an alternative to strap, anchor, or dart tags used previously for lingcod tagging (Chatwin 1958, Forrester 1973, Cass et al. 1983, Mathews and LaRiviere 1987).


Mei culture is a predictable outcome of elegance culture in the prosperous period of the Song Dynasty.Mei symbolizes both inner quality and external charms of noble and elegant people,and was favored by those in the Song Dynasty.It has been incorporated into the daily life of general scholars,reflecting their aesthetic fashion of pursuing elegance in the Song Dynasty.


A method for minimizing circulating current and balancing power transformer in loop distribution line of an industrial park is proposed. The proposed method uses a series type back-to-back (BTB) converter in loop distribution line of industrial park. Loop distribution line is formed by tying end of two radial lines by a looping wire. Looping wire has a re-closer circuit breaker to localize fault inside loop. Operation of the circuit breaker depends on the zero sequence voltage and current detection of series type BTB converter. This proposed method solves the problem of heavily loaded and lightly-loaded lines condition in distribution line autonomously, which results in lower utilization of transformers and increases losses in electricity system of the industrial park. By employing this proposed method, effective utilization of apparatus is realized by minimizing circulating current and balancing power of transformers in loop distribution line. Analysis and simulation results to validate the proposed method are presented in this paper.


The microwave absorption of polycrystalline ferrimagnetic garnets has been measured at room temperature, at 77°K and at 4.2°K. Undoped and aluminium doped ytirium iron garnets (YIG, YIG-Al), mixed gadolinium-yttrium iron garnets (Gd-YIG), and calcium-vanadium-bismuth garnet (CVB) have been investigated. At a fixed frequency of 4.2 Gc/s the low-field losses and the resonance loss of disk-shaped samples were displayed as a function of the magnetic field using a magic T bridge. In all measurements on disks an unsymmetrical shape of the resonance curve or additional absorption peaks were observed. At room temperature a series of magnetostatic modes became excited ; at low temperatures anisotropy effects are believed to cause the disturbed line shape. For undoped YIG the absorption curve was similar, but it was broader at low temperatures. CVB turned out to have the smallest low-field losses of all materials investigated. These measurements have been performed in order to test and compare material properties essential in cryogenic temperature ferrimagnetic devices. The performance of resonance isolators for ruby traveling-wave masers using undoped YIG and of Y-junction circulators operating at cryogenic temperatures is reported. CVB has been found to be especially well fitted for below resonance circulators because of its small low-field losses.


Off-shell effects in proton electromagnetic vertices can be constrained from their effects on known processes. In particular, parameters in models for the off-shell effects can be determined by fitting to the proton electric and magnetic polarizabilities measured in low-energy Compton scattering. There has been recent speculation that off-shell effects contribute enough energy to the muonic hydrogen Lamb shift to explain the discrepancy between muonic and electronic measurements of the proton radius. We find that the constraints discussed here make the off-shell effects about two orders of magnitude smaller than needed for this purpose.


Objective To explore the clinical diagnosis of muitisegmental lumbar disc herniationand and the clinical effect of limited operative treatment for muitisegmental lumbar disc herniation.Methods To retrospectively analyze clinical data of 124 cases with muitisegmental lumbar disc herniation treated by limited operation of multiple segmental fenestration plus foraminal stenosis decompression in our hospital during March 2000~May 2007.All the cases were diagnosed as muitisegmental lumbar disc hemiation by X-ray,CT or MRI before operation,whose clinical signs were accordant with radlologic findings.Results All 124 cases were followed up for 8 months~7years,a mean time of 5.6 years.The results were excellent in 68 cases,good in 37,fair in 17 and poor in 2,the overall excellent and good rate was 84.7%.There were no severe complications and lumbar unsteadiness except 1 case with recurrence and 2 cases with intervertebral space infection.Conclusion The limited operative treatment of multiple segmental fenestration could excise disc by euthyphoria,relax the nerve root completely,maintain the stability of spinal,and maximize the decrease of complications.So it was one of effective and reliable treatment for muitisegmental lumbar disc herniation.


Abstract For high quality welding, it is necessary to form a stable back bead and to melt metal plates. In narrow gap welding, it is difficult to control the bead height and the back bead simultaneously using conventional welding. In order to solve this problem, a switch back welding method is proposed in which the welding torch is moved back and forth along the welding line. In the forward movement of the torch, the arc heat is given to the root edges to obtain a wide back bead. In the backward movement, suitable bead height is formed. From the fundamental experimental results, a numerical model was prepared for this type of welding. Using this model, the optimum stroke length was found. Its validity was verified by carrying out welding experiments.


Abstract : The theory, design, construction and performanc of a tunnel diode hybrid coupled amplifier is presented with particular emphasis on gain, bandwidth, oise figure, and stability. The experimental unit developed exhibits maximum gainAND MINIMUM NOISE FIGURE AT APPROXIMATELY 100 MV AND 140 MV BIAS RESPECTIVELY. At an operating bias of 120 mv the amplifier provides 8 db to 13 db gain over the 125 to 500 mcs frequency range. Measurements of 225 and 400 mc indicate the amplifier noise figure to be approximately 4.5 db. Amplifier stability formed an importa t aspect of this investigation. For stable operation it is necessary (and sufficient) that each amplifier module itself be stable when connected to the hybrid and that the loop gain between the input and output ports of the amplifier be less tha unity. (Author


sion of movement and vibration in the auditory or extra-auditory range. Through this unity, a "vital touch" can be achieved. It is correct to approach music study by addressing the player's physical apparatus, just as it is important to understand the behavior of the oral and nasal cavities while learning a new language. The body is a medium of music. In fact, almost all instruments are built to a human measure, centered on the human hearing range and bodily proportions. New interfaces, acoustic or electronic, disrupt familiar notions of musical interaction; yet this provides a possibility for critical dialogue on the concept of sensorial unity. I would like to continue developing greater physiological literacy and aesthetic grounding for the advancement of musical practice, especially in the context of the potentially dissociative effects of emerging technologies. This new direction may even come from examples so burdened with history as the piano.


Abstract
Employee mental health problems are among the most costly issues facing employers in the developed world. Recognizing this, many employers have introduced resources designed to help employees cope with stressors. Yet, most employees fail-to-use these resources, even when they need them and could benefit from using them. We seek to understand this resource underutilization by (a) drawing on and expanding resource theories to explain why employees do not use existing resources and (b) proposing that leaders, managers, and supervisors can play a key role in facilitating the utilization of available resources. In doing so, we introduce resource utilization theory (RUT) as a complementary perspective to conservation of resources (COR) theory. We propose that RUT may provide the framework to describe patterns of resource utilization among employees, and to explain why employees do not use available resources to deal with existing stressors and demands.