We provide a combinatorial algorithm for constructing the stable Auslander-Reiten component containing a given indecomposable module of a symmetric special biserial algebra using only information from its underlying Brauer graph. We also show that the structure of the Auslander-Reiten quiver is closely related to the distinct Green walks around the Brauer graph and detail the relationship between the precise shape of the stable Auslander-Reiten components for domestic Brauer graph algebras and their underlying graph. Furthermore, we show that the specific component containing a given simple or indecomposable projective module for any Brauer graph algebra is determined by the edge in the Brauer graph associated to the module.


Developments in performance‐based seismic design and assessment approaches have emphasized the importance of considering residual deformations. Recent investigations have also led to a proposed direct displacement‐based design (DDBD) approach which includes an explicit consideration of the expected residual deformations as an integral part of the design process. Having estimated the expected residual deformations in a structure, engineers are faced with the problem of reducing them to meet the targeted performance levels under pre‐defined seismic hazard levels. Previous studies have identified the post‐yield stiffness as a primary factor influencing the magnitude of residual deformations in single degree of freedom and multiple degree of freedom structures. In this paper, a series of simple approaches to increase the post‐yield stiffness of traditional framed and braced systems for the purpose of reducing residual deformations are investigated. These methods do not utilize recentring post‐tensioned technology. This contribution addresses the feasibility of altering the lateral post‐yield stiffness of structural systems by: (i) using different reinforcement materials with beneficial features in their stress–strain behaviour; (ii) re‐designing the section geometry and properties of primary seismic‐resisting elements; and (iii) introducing a secondary elastic frame to act in parallel with the primary system. The efficiency of each of these techniques is investigated through monotonic and cyclic moment‐curvature and non‐linear time‐history analyses. Of these approaches the design and introduction of an elastic secondary system was found to be most effective and consistent in reducing residual deformations. A simplified design approach for achieving the desired increase of a system's post‐yield stiffness is also presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


. We discuss the behavior of the minimal eigenvalue λ of the Dirichlet Laplacian in the domain D 1 \ D 2 := D (an annulus) where D 1 is a circular disc and D 2 ⊂ D 1 is a smaller circular disc. It is conjectured that the minimal eigenvalue λ has a maximum value when D 2 is a concentric disc. If h is a displacement of the center of the disc D 2 and λ ( h ) is the corresponding minimal eigenvalue, then dλ ( h ) dh < 0 so that λ ( h ) is minimal when ∂D 2 touches ∂D 1 , where ∂D is the boundary of D . Numerical results are given to back the conjecture. Upper and lower bounds are given for λ ( h ). The above conjecture is proved. estimation of eigenvalues, perturbation theory.


The Geostationary Synthetic Thinned Aperture Radiometer, GeoSTAR, is a new concept for a microwave atmospheric sounder intended for geostationary satellites such as the GOES weather satellites operated by NOAA. A small but fully functional prototype has recently been developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to demonstrate the feasibility of using aperture synthesis in lieu of the large solid parabolic dish antenna that is required with the conventional approach. Spatial resolution requirements dictate such a large aperture in GEO that the conventional approach has not been feasible, and it is only now, with the GeoSTAR approach, that a GEO microwave sounder can be contemplated. Others have proposed GEO microwave radiometers that would operate at sub-millimeter wavelengths to circumvent the large-aperture problem, but GeoSTAR is the only viable approach that can provide full sounding capabilities equal to or exceeding those of the AMSU systems now operating on LEO weather satellites and which have had tremendous impact on numerical weather forecasting. GeoSTAR will satisfy a number of important measurement objectives, many of them identified by NOAA as unmet needs in their GOES-R pre-planned product improvements (P3I) lists and others by NASA in their research roadmaps and as discussed in a white paper submitted to the NRC Decadal Survey. The performance of the prototype has been outstanding, and this proof of concept represents a major breakthrough in remote sensing capabilities. The GeoSTAR concept is now at a stage of development where an infusion into space systems can be initiated, either on a NASA sponsored research mission or on a NOAA sponsored operational mission. GeoSTAR is an ideal candidate for a joint "research to operations" mission, and that may be the most likely scenario. Additional GeoSTAR related technology development and other risk reduction activities are under way, and a GeoSTAR mission is feasible in the GOES-R/S time frame, 2012-2014.


Considering the effect of microscopic voids to macroscopic mechanical behavior is important because the fracture of ductile materials occurs through the initiation, the growth and the coalescence of voids. Anisotropy and softening are affected by the voids arrangement, and the growth bahavior of voids depends on not only stress and strain but their histories. The elasto-plastic constitutive equation which can represent anisotropy and compressivility of porous materials at once is presented in order to analyse deformation and damage evolution of the materials including voids to predict these phenomena. Damage tensor is employed to express decrease of effective cross-section area subjected to stress and its evolution equation is also derived to predict three dimensional growth of void. Thermomechanical consideration based on Clausius-Duhem's inequality is used to derive the model. Functional forms of dissipation inequality and dissipation potential are derived so that the anisotropic mechanical responce caused by the arrangement of voids is incorporated. The adequacy of presented model is evaluated through finite element analysis of unit cell assuming grid alignment of spherical voids. Initial and subsequent yield behavior are analysed with triaxial stress conditions. The presented model shows good agreement with finite element model for initial yield condition and relation between stress, strain and damage tensor.


The invention discloses a colla corii asini date cake which comprises the following constituents by weight percent: 21.8 percent of colla corii asini, 17.4 percent of black sesame, 17.4 percent of sugar candy, 13.0 percent of walnut meat, 13.0 percent of Yellow Rice Wine, 10.4 percent of red jujube, 0.2 percent of honeysuckle extractive, 0.2 percent of chrysanthemum extractive, 3.3 percent of lotus seed powder and 3.3 percent of lily powder. The colla corii asini date cake, which takes the colla corii asini as main raw material and is formed through processes of melting, concentration and the like, is cool and refreshing, can relieve inflammation or fever, and therefore is suitable for eating in summer.


In this note, we discuss the modeling and control of a class of Itô stochastic networked control systems (NCSs) with packet dropouts that are subject to time-varying sampling. The system under consideration is first modeled as a continuous-time system with input delay that is subject to double randomness via the input-delay approach. Then, by assuming the packet drop rate and recurring to the celebrated formula of total probability, an equivalent model which takes full advantage of probability distribution characteristics of both packet dropouts and sampling periods is established. In particular, the probability distribution values of the stochastic delay taking values in two given intervals can be explicitly obtained, which is of crucial importance to model and analyze the actual problem in NCSs. Based on that, robustly exponentially mean-square stability of the system with an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_\infty$</tex-math></inline-formula> performance is guaranteed, an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_\infty$</tex-math></inline-formula> controller design procedure is then proposed. Finally, a numerical simulation example is exploited to show the effectiveness and applicability of the results derived and some less conservative results are obtained.


From the visible prospect,based on the summation of the advantages and defects of classical visible methods,this paper combines the principal component analysis and factor analysis with radar chart,improves the classical visible methods.Besides that,this paper implies the new methods to comprehensive evaluating.At last,this paper gives a new comprehensive evaluating model basing on the area of radar chart,and verifies the usefulness of this new method.


Abstract : The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has been heralded as one of the most successful alliances ever conceived and can arguably be said to have partially caused the downfall of the Soviet Union. The political debates leading up to the commencement of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and the subsequent military action that occurred without the support of several key NATO members have called into question, on both sides of the Atlantic, the value of maintaining the alliance. This essay takes the position that NATO remains an important element of the U.S. National Military Strategy and has the potential to be transformed into an even more significant partner in accomplishing the military objectives of the U.S. National Security Strategy (NSS).


Use structured summary form (Background, Purpose, Methods, Results, and Conclusion). • Remember to add trial registration if the study was appropriately pre-registered. Introduction • Introduce in short, the topic. • Scientific background for the topic (incl. gaps in knowledge). • Evidence-based research (i.e., what is already known on this topic?). • Rationale for this study (i.e., what are the challenges to be addressed?). • Hypothesis when appropriate, aim and/or key objectives. Methods section (include only what is available when planning) • Structured reporting according to study design like STROBE and CONSORT (i.e., see EQUATOR network guidance). • Study design. • Participant/patient, samples (i.e., eligibility criteria) • Interventions/exposures (i.e., describe groups of importance for statistical testing). • Variables and outcome measures (e.g., the primary and key secondary endpoints). • Sample size and power considerations (i.e., informative even in a retrospective study). • Patient and public involvement in the research (i.e., did the researchers involve patients as research partners at any/all stages?). • Ethics and study registration like Clinicaltrials.gov (i.e., ethics approval obtained and availability of pre-registered protocol). • Statistical methods (e.g., main analyses; handling of missing data and multiplicity issues). Results • Participant flow (i.e., a Figure: a diagram illustrating study flow and attrition). • Baseline characteristics (i.e., a Table format reporting descriptive statistics for all participants in the intention-to-infer from population). • Main findings illustrated (i.e., illustration of the primary findings based on the prespecified objectives rather than chance findings [i.e., not based on significant "P values"]). • Main analyses on the primary and key secondary objectives (i.e., Table(s) reporting statistical measures for each group and difference between them [with 95% confidence intervals]). Discussion • Statement of principal findings based on the aim/key objectives/ hypothesis. • Putting the research into context (to previous studies). • Possible explanation of the results. • Strengths and limitations of the study. • Conclusions are strictly related to the aim/key objectives/ hypotheses. • Perspectives of the study. Avoid recommendation unless the manuscript is a recommendation paper. a "Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research" (EQUATOR) Network is an international initiative that seeks to improve the reliability and value of published health research literature by promoting transparent and accurate reporting and wider use of robust reporting guidelines (www.equator-network.org). Acta Orthopaedica 2023; 94: 243–249 245 mended because they are extremely effective for indicating missing data in epidemiological and clinical research. Randomized trials are not the only type of study to benefit from a transparent format that clearly describes enrollment, intervention/exposure allocation, follow-up, and data analysis. Reporting the Statistics section We encourage authors to recognize the importance of missing data—to embrace this issue and discuss (as part of the Results and Discussion section) how missing data affect the clinical findings. Missing data is unavoidable, but its potential to undermine the validity of research results is frequently ignored in the medical literature. The links between the research question and its answer need to be developed prior to the statistical analysis in the form of a study design, accounted for in the statistical analysis, and explained to the reader of the submitted manuscript. The protocol, developed according to the principles stated in the Helsinki Declaration, should be registered in a clinical studies database such as Clinicaltrials.gov or EU Clinical Trials Register. Alternatively, the original protocol could be registered and made publicly available at the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/). Registration of register studies is also highly recommended – identifying and documenting the study in a public registry before the study is conducted. Prospective registration of register studies has several benefits, including: (i) reducing publication bias by making it more difficult for researchers to selectively report only the results that support their hypothesis; (ii) improving research quality by encouraging researchers to carefully plan their study design, analysis, and reporting, which can improve the overall quality of research; and (iii) increasing trust in the register research and facilitating replication. All statistical methods should be clearly specified and—when unusual methods are necessary—referenced. For every statistical result, the method used for deriving it should be clearly described. It is also important to address in sufficient detail the assumptions underlying the statistical methods used. No data should be removed, imputed, weighted, adjusted, or trimmed without clearly describing and justifying why and explaining the subsequent effects (i.e., see sensitivity analyses). Descriptive statistics: Descriptive statistics form an indispensable part of medical research manuscripts. Suitable tables should clearly describe the important features of the collected outcome variables and of the key prognostic and demographic variables. The results of the main analyses relating to the objectives of the study should be clearly described and presented, with descriptive statistics detailing both the central tendency and measures of dispersion (spread) of the data. We use means and standard deviations, or medians and interquartile ranges, as well as counts and proportions to inform the reader regarding the distribution of observations in variables for analysis and reporting. Statistical tests: The relation between the studied hypothesis and the presented results from null hypothesis testing (P values) should be clearly explained in the manuscript. The tests should be used with a defined effect size (e.g., estimating treatment effects), and the estimation uncertainty (usually via a confidence interval) should be considered in the results presentation. Unless the use of 1-sided tests is specifically justified (and performed at half the alpha level), the tests should be 2-sided. Authors should present P values with real numbers if these are greater than 0.001, using one digit except zeros. Otherwise, they should use "P < 0.001". Authors should not use "ns," "P > 0.05," or asterisks. We recommend that authors present analysis results with 95% confidence intervals instead of P values. Authors who wish to publish a manuscript with statistical tests must comply with 2 Acta Orthopaedica principles for concluding whether scientifically important differences exist: 1. A statistically non-significant test is not sufficient to claim "no difference." To show "no difference," a smallest clinically relevant size of the difference (it might be 0) must be defined. If all clinically relevant differences are excluded from the difference's confidence interval, a "no difference" or similarity/comparability conclusion is reasonable. 2. A statistically significant test does not necessarily imply a clinically important difference. The importance of the tested null hypothesis depends on the smallest clinically relevant difference that should be defined a priori. If the difference's confidence interval excludes all clinically irrelevant differences, a conclusion concerning the existence of a clinically important difference is reasonable. Multiple statistical tests: Most manuscripts include and rely on more than 1 set of 95% confidence intervals and P values. However, performing multiple statistical significance tests increase the chance of false-positive test results. When a single statistical test is performed at a 5% significance level, there is just a 5% chance of a false-positive result, but if repeated tests are performed, each at a 5% significance level, a false-positive test result can be expected. Problems related to this inflation of the significance level are known as multiplicity issues, which need to be acknowledged in the interpretation of the research findings. In contrast to hypothesis-generating studies, in which the outcome is a hypothesis, confirmatory studies—designed to provide empirical evidence for a prespecified hypothesis at a specific significance level—need to be designed and analyzed with respect to multiplicity issues—matters requiring multiple testing. Such multiple testing might be "....due to multiple subgroup comparisons, comparisons across multiple treatment arms, analysis of multiple outcomes, and multiple analyses of the same outcome at different times." The development of a prespecified strategy for addressing multiplicity issues is usually required. Such strategies are often, but not always, based on adjusting P values or significance levels using the Bonferroni method or more refined alternatives such as Bonferroni-Holm's or Hochberg's method. HowActa Orthopaedica 2023; 94: 243–249 246 ever, merely performing a post hoc Bonferroni adjustment in a hypothesis-generating study is not sufficient for drawing confirmative conclusions. Although authors are at liberty to choose suitable significance levels, if they deviate from the conventional 5%, they should clarify their motivation and explain whether their ambition is to publish a hypothesis-generating or a confirmative study. In the latter case, and if multiplicity issues exist, they should present the multiplicity strategy they used in the Methods section and provide documentation for its pre-specification. Multiple regression models: Authors should keep in mind when conducting regression analyses and reporting results that such analyses are conducted in different ways, with different aims in mind, depending on the design of the study. The following examples from 3 common study designs illustrate how these analyses may differ. In prognostic


Tracey Hill, Pageantry and Power: A Cultural History of the Early Modern Lord Mayor's Show, 1585-1639, Manchester & New York, Manchester University Press, 2010, pp. xii + 396, hb. £60.00, ISBN: 978-0-7190-8010-4.The early modern period encompassed many genres and spectacular hybrids, ranging from firework operas to equestrian ballet and elaborate city pageants. Tracey Hill, who is known for her previous work on Anthony Munday, has now dedicated herself to a form of civic entertainment and produced a definitive historical study of London's Lord Mayor's Shows. Such Shows marshalled the professional skills of architects, actors, musicians, local merchants and craftsmen. For this reason Hill prefers the term 'Lord Mayor's Show' to the often-used 'pageant'. The Shows, staged every year in late October to celebrate the new Lord Mayor's inauguration, were characterized by a wide and varied range of features: a procession, a formal banquet at the Guildhall, a water show, a sermon at St Paul's, and a torchlit procession back to the new Mayor's house. In terms of audience numbers, the Shows scored far higher than, for instance, court masques, yet their scholarly coverage has remained modest. Hill's book thus addresses many gaps. An initial critical overview is followed by an account of the people involved in creating the shows; Hill then goes on to describe the typical components and itinerary of a Show on the day of performance, and concludes with a discussion of the Shows' representation in manuscript and print in light of contemporary historical and political contexts. A useful appendix contains a calendar of Shows from 1585 to 1639 as well as helpful basic information on the governance and structure of London's twelve great trade companies. Helpful illustrations, including a map of the Shows' route, illuminate the argument.Hill proceeds with generous accuracy, giving ample credit to other scholars. A huge amount of spadework is evident from the care with which she has assembled and evaluated guildhall records, eyewitness accounts, correspondence, and dramatic texts of the period. In this way she manages to tease out contemporary views of the literary and artistic value of particular events. In the seventeenth century, famous playwrights such as Thomas Middleton were commissioned to develop the creative concept of mayoral Shows, and yet, interestingly, the attitude of early modern writers to city pageantry remained somewhat blase: James Shirley, for one, poked fun at pasteboard whales and roast turkeys that sailed into banqueting halls on coffin-sized plates. As with other forms of theatrical display that involved a large share of non-literary elements (masques would be a case in point), Lord Mayor's Shows do not lend themselves easily to the literary critic's scrutiny. It is difficult to capture the allure they once had: the volleys fired from ships on the Thames, and the musical, colourful pageants and banquets; written records can only convey a poor impression of what clearly intrigued audiences at the time. Nonetheless, Pageantry and Power succeeds in giving a vivid account of the Shows and their performance conditions on dark October days. Children, we learn, were popular with pageant designers because they were easier to accommodate in fake constructions of small size. Ostriches and sea horses, often made of wood, wicker or paper, mingled with crowd-pleasers such as Robin Hood; pyrotechnic devils were spitting fire. Heraldic animals represented individual companies: camels, lions and unicorns were all associated with the Merchant Taylors' company. In 1556, Londoners even saw a real camel which, perfumed with rose water and mounted by children, bestrode London's streets.As for the more literary aspects of the Shows, Hill carves out the characteristics of individual writers such as Webster, Munday, or Heywood. Shows sometimes echoed plays of the period (in a similar way to Middleton's Lord Mayor's Show The Triumphs of Truth, his Changeling makes much of the connections between sight and desire). …


We propose a system for 3D tomography using a single pulsed source and a time-gated camera for functional imaging studies. Reconstructions were based on a linear model based on small perturbation assumption, applying Tikhonov regularization. This approach was tested against simulations, demonstrating both detection and localization capabilities. Preliminary measurements on realistic inhomogeneous phantoms showed good detection sensibility, even for a low optical contrast, but poorer localization properties, possibly due to the still low SNR of the system. Finally, an initial in vivo test on a motor cortex activation paradigm is presented.


J AM deeply appreciative of the honor that you have bestowed on me in presenting me with the Valentine Award. Ferdinand C. Valentine, one of our early pioneer urologists, in whose honor this cherished award has been established, died in the early part of this century. I venture to say that he, with his interest in the furtherance of knowledge, would have been amazed at and delighted with the developments in the field of urology during the past 30 years, particularly in the area of excretion urography with the introduction of the organically bound iodide urographic compounds, which have opened up many new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues in medicine. During Dr. Valentine's lifetime it was possible to obtain very little diagnostic data that enabled one to correct various disorders with a degree of accuracy, especially in the area of pediatric urology. The objectives of the Valentine Award afford opportunities for investigators to continue to contribute to the further scientific progress of urology. Urography and its clinical application is intimately associated with the development and the investigation of various radiopaque media. For historical purposes, one may consider two separate periods in the development of these media, namely, that of the inorganic iodide radiopaques, administered cystoscopically, and the more recent one, that of the organically bound iodide compounds, administered intravenously,


Acute ischaemic stroke is a leading cause of death in Canada and should be a priority in health care. This paper defines acute ischaemic stroke and provides current statistics, economic costs, risk factors, treatments, and management options. A gap between current practice and literature is identified. Specific treatments of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy are explored through systematic reviews, clinical trials, and national guidelines. Considerable consistency in research findings have led to evidenced-based guidelines. Implications for practice, including barriers and facilitators to incorporating evidence-based recommendations are identified. The study concludes with an identification of current provincial guidelines that will provide best patient care in treating patients with acute ischaemic stroke.


and considering various demographic purpose of was to explore the association between HRV and CRP in a community-based sample of African Americans. Five of beat-to-beat intervals were used to derive the baseline measurements of the frequency domain metrics of HRV. Results: Preliminary fi ndings showed signifi cant correlations between CRP and body mass index (BMI [r = .530; P = .000]), hypertension (r = .228; P = .024), and low frequency (LF) HRV (r = (cid:2) .242; P = .018). Hierarchical multivariate regression BMI ( (cid:3) = .500, P = .000) and LF ( (cid:3) = (cid:2) .210, P = .043) levels while adjusting for demo- factors. adjusting


In the title compound, C10H8NO2+·Cl−·H2O, all bond lengths and angles are within normal ranges. The 2-carboxyquinolinium cation is essentially planar. Intermolecular O—H⋯O, O—H⋯Cl and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds stabilize the crystal packing.


The cognition processes of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in solving mathematical problems is still rarely studied in depth, although the prevalence of the students is increasing. The purpose of this research was to describe the cognition processes of students with ASD in solving mathematical problems. The subjects in this research are two high school students with high functioning ASD. Data was gathered from task-based interviews. The cognition processes in solving mathematical problems involved reading and paraphrasing the problems, visualizing the problems and representing them in the form of drawings or diagrams, determining the hypothesis to create a plan to solve the problems, estimating or predicting an answer to the problem, completing computations, and finally, checking to ensure the process of problem solving resulted in a correct answer. Some characteristics of students with ASD were very perceptible during mathematical problems solving process. Differences in intelligence of the both subjects had a role in every process of cognition.


The presence of antimycin-insensitive respiration in an industrial brewing yeast strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae AJL 2036) was confirmed by studying the effects of antimycin A (inhibits electron transfer from cyt b to c 1 ) on brewing yeast performance in the presence and absence of oxygen. The inhibitor sodium azide was also used to assess whether blocking electron transfer further downstream of the antimycin-effective site eliminated the enhanced fermentation parameters observed in the presence of antimycin A. Oligomycin, an inhibitor of the mitrochondrial membrane ATPase, was also used to determine the importance of intramitochondrial ATP synthesis on the observed effects. Fermentations were monitored for overall performance and beer quality indicators. The measured parameters showed no changes due to oligomycin addition indicating that the major source of energy in the cells was cytoplasmically-generated via glycolysis. Results from the fermentations in the presence of antimycin A confirmed the existence of an alternative respiratory pathway, the stimulation of which resulted in improved fermentative performance. It is postulated that antimycin A enhanced the fermentation rate by increasing the amount of yeast growth. This caused a direct pull on yeast metabolism including fermentative activity. The mechanism was postulated to involve an increased supply of critical growth intermediates in the presence of antimycin A rather than an increased intramitochondrial energy supply per se.


The design and performance of a reliable double-side pumped Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier operating at 1.053 mu m wavelength is presented. The device is used as a pre-amplifier in a terawatt VULCAN laser system based on chirped pulse amplification to amplify stretched femtosecond pulses to millijoule levels at 10 Hz repetition rates with an excellent stability.


This paper aims at probing into the nature of curriculum by critically reviewing literature relevant to the term "curriculum." The multiple definitions associated with the term are inductively presented in conceptualizations so as to clarify what are the curricular issues that teachers should be concerned about in the school context. This paper then argues for the need to consider a broader spectrum of "curriculum" that embraces the whole aspects in the curriculum development process, for example, objectives, content, methodology, and evaluation of students, especially when a curricular review or evaluation is undertaken.


Health communication researchers have made great strides in developing theoretically grounded research, resulting in more complex understandings of communication in health contexts. Integral to these developments has been the burgeoning use of interpretive and critical perspectives. Yet, we still lack a broader description and assessment of the contributions of interpretive and critical research to theory and practice in health communication. Such an assessment is important, given that the nature of these contributions differ at times from post-positivist research (in some cases overlapping, in others acting complementarily, and still others antagonistically). Thus, in this chapter, we describe the unique elements of interpretive and critical contributions in the extant literature and assess these contributions to identify ways in which they can be strengthened. Though we primarily draw on U.S. literature, this scholarship comprises interdisciplinary, international, multi-methodological, and cross-cultural research in an array of communication contexts (intra-and interpersonal, small group, organizational, mass-mediated). Thus, this chapter not only provides a comprehensive review of the ways in which interpretive/critical approaches have been utilized in health communication research across a range of global contexts and concerns; it also builds an overarching argument with regard to the contribution of interpretive and critical approaches that is germane to the study of communication in general.


An attempt is made to compare advantages and disadvantages of "classical" photographic and modern solid-state detectors. Both advanced thermoluminescent detectors (TLD), in particular LiF and similar materials, and more recent radiophotoluminescent glasses are superior to photographic systems with regard to reliability and accuracy of the dose indication, sensitivity, dose range, energy and directional dependence of sensitivity, fading and "fogging" stability, reusability, fast and cheap evaluation, etc. LiF seems to be superior for certain radiobiological and medical purposes because of its flat response. For routine and accident (military or civil defense) personnel dosimetry, however, a properly designed glass badge gives more information and is a remeasurable "document" of the exposure similar to the photographic film because the radiation efTect is integrated in spite of an unlimited number of interval rneasurcments. As an example of a possible next generation personnel dosimeter proposals for a multiglass badge are briefly described. It is capable to give instant information about the gamma and beta dose, the average gamma energy and the presence of neutrons. Fast neutrons can be measured by automatic counting of the number offision fragment tracks in glass or other nonphotographic nuclear track detectors. Some practical aspects of this system are discussed. 1. THE PRESENT STATE OF PHOTOGRAPHIC DOSIMETRY IN SPITE of the wide-spread use of film badges in dosimetry (more than half a million persons all over the world are more or less regularly monitored with personnel dosimeters at the present time, and this number is increasing rapidly), and in spite of the numerous efforts to study and to improve the dosimetric properties of dosimeter films (more than a thousand publications have been devoted to this subject'l)) , there is considerable disagreement about the value of the method. Nobody doubts the psychological and educational value of a film badge program in practical industrial hygiene. However, the accuracy and reliability of photographic dose measurements are subject to many discussions. We all know of administrators who are proud of their expensively installed, more or * Based on an invited paper, 10th Annual Mceting Health Physics Society, Los Angeles, June 1965. ~ less automized film badge service and who like the steady flow of "personnel dose" data, which can so easily be used for statistics, without too much worry about their actual meaning. But others have also often done extensive laboratory studies. They expose, for instance, film badges perpendicularly in a low-scattering, narrowbeam geometry to filtered Xor gamma-rays, then develop the films after a well-defined storage time under carefully controlled conditions and measure them with sometimes very sophisticated, highly sensitive densitometers. I t is not surprising that under these conditions the results can be quite good: i t may be possible to measure, using the most sensitive film on the market, 10 m R of gamma radiation with a 15 per cent standard deviation and to claim, on the basis of such results, a f 10-20 per cent accuracy for a 100 m R annual personnel dose measurement.(') Using monoenergetic quantum radiation between 25 keV and 1.2 MeV for doses between 0.1 and 10 R an average error less than +20 per cent has been obtained under similar laboratory condition^.'^) Results from this type


The genre of the lanscape was consolidated with the start of the contemporary world to become one of the busiest roads of the artistic field.The landscape is fashionable and the forest is one of the most alluded spaces in the artistic scene. Suffice it to recall the proliferation of sculpture parks located in these leafy areas. But, before analyzing the museistic capacity of the forest, or its relationship with science or the discourses that try to make art a banner of sustainability,the paragraphs that follow are going to delineate the ways in wich some creators have returned to the forest, an argument that has to do with the emotional relationship that individuals has been stablishing with this space over time.


Two extensions of a C*-algebra A by a C* -algebra B can be added, by the method of Brown, Douglas, and Fillmore, whenever the quotient multiplier algebra M(A)/A contains two isometries with orthogonal ranges. If A is stable (i.e., if A = A ® Jf) then such isometries can be found already in M(A), but if A has a tracial state then this is not possible. (Hence in the case that A is a separable AF algebra, this is possible only if A is stable.) Here it is shown that, in the case that A is a separable AF algebra (assumed to have no nonzero unital quotient), there exist two isometries in M(A)/A with orthogonal ranges if, and only if, the space T(A) of tracial states of A is compact.


A review of the Mass Customization literature shows that there are the beginnings of research activity on operationalising Mass Customization. The main objective of this paper is therefore to explore the issues and interactions governing an enterprise's ability to mass customize. The aim is to identify the key competencies of a manufacturing enterprise that enable it to customize its products for individual customers at mass production prices and lead-times. A qualitative analysis via the system dynamics modelling approach has proved useful in accomplishing this aim. This approach presupposes the possibility to view the firm as a complex dynamic system and seek a scientific understanding of that system.


Wastewater treatment and the management of sludge, a byproduct of the treatment process, are critical components of environmental sustainability and public health. This research delves into the intricate world of sludge management, where sludge is derived from the removal of solids in wastewater treatment processes. The study focuses on sewage treatment plants in Jaipur, Rajasthan, and aims to enhance our understanding of sludge properties, treatment methods, and potential utilization. Over six months, sludge samples were collected, treated, and rigorously analyzed for their physical and chemical properties. The results reveal alkaline characteristics, varying moisture and solid contents, and significant nutrient levels in the sludge, which could be valuable for agricultural applications. The research also evaluates the effectiveness of treatment methods, such as centrifugation and sludge drying beds, highlighting their potential for improved sludge management. Overall, this study contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable wastewater management and sludge utilization practices, emphasizing the importance of resource recovery and environmental stewardship .


All the excellent poems can tell us some good theories from which we can get a lot.The poems of Mao Zedong are all the evaluations and understand about the lives,and they are full of the author's considerations about the world.


This quasi – experimental research  aimed to test  the effects of self-management program and  ram  mai  plong exercise  on  HbA 1C  and quality of life in older persons with type  2  diabetes  mellitus. The  study sample were 48 patients, Diabetes Clinic out-patient department Ranong hospital,  Ranong province. The experimental group and the compare groups were matched in term of sex, type of  medications and duration of illness. The compare group received the eight weeks self-management program and ram mai plong exercise, while the control group received a conventional nursing care. The  experimental group instruments were the self-management program and ram mai plong exercise and Quality of Life Questionnaire. The instruments were tested to the content validity by experts. The data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and t-test. The research finding were as  follows: Older persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus after received the self- anagement  program and ram mai plong exercise was the mean HbA 1C significant lower than before received  program  at  level  of 0.05. The  mean quality of  life  was significant higher than before  received program  at  level  of  0.05. The  mean  HbA 1C lower and the point is quality of life higher control group was significant at level of 0.05. Key words : self-management  / ram mai plong exercise / HbA 1C / quality of  life  / older persons with type  2  diabetes  mellitus


While considerable research has explored perceptions of groups and members in computer-mediated communication (CMC), and leadership behaviors in face-to-face groups, little research has examined how leadership is identified in CMC groups. Contemporary CMC theories alternatively stress the impact of salient, stereotyped roles on CMC groups' perceptions, or the accretion of exaggerated impressions based on behavioral cues. These perspectives, in turn, coincide with predictions about the predominance of alternative forms of leadership: Assigned versus emergent. This study draws on traditional leadership theories from face-to-face group research and applies them to CMC to examine dynamics related to assigned and emergent leaders in online groups. The results of the study demonstrate that CMC groups may identify more than one leader. When identifying emergent leaders, regardless of whether a leader was assigned or not, group members consider perceived amounts of communication, intelligence, and encouraging and authoritarian behaviors.


Coronary angiography provides detailed, dynamic images of the coronary arterial lumens. These images provide an explanation for angina and a roadmap to direct surgical or catheter-based revascularization. Although a patient's prognosis is influenced by left ventricular systolic performance and the number of stenosed coronary vessels, analysis of stenosis severity alone does not accurately identify sites that will subsequently occlude and produce a myocardial infarction (MI) (1). Because the consequences of MI are so


One of the most promising ways to make cement and concrete more sustainable is to blend them with the proper supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). This study evaluates several schist type materials as partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Materials received from several mines in ground powder form were studied by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to the TGA results, the activation procedures for the candidate SCMs were determined. This dissertation includes two main phases. For the first step that is named as calcined clay cement (C3), the virgin powders were heat treated in three different decomposition regimes (30%,50% and 80% of the total weight losses during thermal decomposition). These regimes correspond to the activation level of the potential SCMs due to the de-hydroxylation of the clayey minerals within them. Pozzolanic reactivity (pozzolanicity) of untreated as well as treated powders were estimated via electrical conductivity measurements in calcium hydroxide solution. Blended cement pastes with 30 wt% of OPC substitution with calcined overburden clayey materials have developed mechanical properties equal to pure cement (100wt% OPC) paste after 28 days of setting time. Two blended cement pastes prepared with candidate SCMs were compared to 100% OPC (C) and OPC composite paste with Meta-Kaolinite (MK) which is regarded as literature standard. For the second phase of project is named as limestone calcined clay and carbonate cement (LC4), the same scenario by considering the best activation temperature is carried out. The results represent the possibility of reactivation of any kind of clay class for the ordinary Portland cement partial substitution and obtaining the compressive strength as well as OPC


The Cardiac Society in New Zealand seeks to promote best cardiac practice and excellence in patient care. Guidelines covering a range of cardiac practices are therefore provided to the New Zealand cardiology community. This New Zealand echocardiography guideline was ratified on 5 June 2015. It should be read in conjunction with the Australian document Guidelines for Training and Performance in Adult Echocardiography ratified by the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand board on the 30th of November 2012, available at http://www.csanz.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Adult_Echo.pdf.


The aim of this paper is to give decomposition of a weaker form of continuity, namely fuzzy g    -continuity, by providing the concepts of fuzzy p g    -closed set, fuzzy t g    set, fuzzy p g    -continuity and fuzzy t g    -continuity. © 2015 Elixir All rights reserved. ARTICLE INFO Articl e history: Received: 25 November 2014; Received in revised form: 21 December 2014; Accepted: 1 January 2015;


The ideal feeding for premature babies has been the source of extensive debate. The aim of this study was to assess the association between type of feeding at discharge and the nutritional status of very low birth weight infants. This was a retrospective cohort of preterm babies with birth weight ≤1500 g, born between January 2006 and December 2013. The infants were divided into 3 groups according to type of feeding at discharge: exclusive breast milk (group 1), mixed feeding (group 2) and exclusive artificial formula (group 3). Frequencies of each group were calculated, as well as mean Z-score differences in weight, length and head circumference. Six hundred and forty-nine newborns were included. The mean weight of groups 1, 2, and 3 was 1338.7, 1104.0, and 1254.7 g, respectively, and their mean gestational age was 31.9, 30, and 31.2 weeks, respectively. The Z-score differences (means±SD) for groups 1, 2, and 3 were: −0.84±0.68, −1.02±0.75, and −0.86±0.71 for weight, −0.21±1.23, −0.52±1.64 and −0.08±1.34 for head circumference, and −1.10±1.18, −1.54±1.37, and −0.97±1.21 for length. A significant difference was observed between groups 2 and 3 in the adjusted Z-score model for length, with no significant differences in anthropometric measurements for the other comparative analyses. Because of its many advantages, breastfeeding should be stimulated within neonatal units since nutritional status was not influenced by the different types of feeding.


In this study, the use of fly ash material as substitution material of fine fraction on asphalt mixture of AC-WC Concrete to study Marshall and Durability. Concrete of bitumen is one of plywood type of pavement construction of pavement. In this study will focus on the extent of the effect of Ash ash Effect on Asphalt Concrete Mixture -WC tehadap Stability and density of the concrete mixture of asphalt. and in the end it is hoped that later fly ash of coal which used to be a waste material can be utilized as substitution material of fine fraction and alternative filler in road construction. The conclusion obtained from the analysis of the influence of fineness to the stability and density of AC-Wc asphalt concrete is as follows : Stability: Value stability of the mixture in the review of fineness variation tends to increase substitution of fly ash content variation occurs at the rate of 6% optimum zone 3 is equal to 1.435kg and at the level of 8% zone 3 decreased to 1.421kg.KepadatanNilai Density (Bulk density Standard) the mixture in review of the fineness variations tends to increase. variation of fly ash content substitution occurred optimum at 8% level of zone 3 that is equal to 2,421kg / cc. Some suggestions that can be submitted to improve the results performance of concrete asphalt mixture (AC-WC) using subtitution smoothness and fly ash content are: a) for subsequent research in order to analyze the optimum asphalt content to the optimum ash content as the greater the use of fly ash content, the Marshall parameter value tends to be less than optimal andb) It is advisable to combine other types of substitution materials with fly ash to obtain more economical results.


While increases in cross-market correlations during periods of market crises are well documented, Forbes and Rigobon (2002) show that correlation coefficients are biased measures of dependence when markets become more volatile, and that there is no evidence of contagion in recent financial crises once corrected for these effects. This paper explores the impact of volatility on market dependence more broadly, both analytically and empirically using simulated time-series of financial asset returns that follow alternative stochastic processes commonly used in financial research. The results show that market dependence is not generally conditional on volatility regimes and that a bias in dependence measures occurs only for particular assumptions about the time-series dynamics. Since real world data may often not be characterized by homoskedasticity, a correction of estimated unconditional correlations during market crises may not always be needed. Consequently, the results provide evidence that contagion indeed exists as a real phenomenon during financial crises, reducing the benefits of portfolio diversification when needed most. In contrast, if the return data generating process is invariant but displays conditional heteroskedasticity, a conditioning bias exists that cannot be distinguished from a fundamental change in market dependence. Helpful comments and suggestions by an anonymous referee and Stephen J. Taylor are gratefully acknowledged. Abstract While increases in cross-market correlations during periods of market crises are well documented, Forbes and Rigobon (2002) show that correlation coefficients are biased measures of dependence when markets become more volatile, and that there is no evidence of contagion in recent financial crises once corrected for these effects. This paper explores the impact of volatility on market dependence more broadly, both analytically and empirically using simulated time-series of financial asset returns that follow alternative stochastic processes commonly used in financial research. The results show that market dependence is not generally conditional on volatility regimes and that a bias in dependence measures occurs only for particular assumptions about the time-series dynamics. Since real world data may often not be characterized by homoskedasticity, a correction of estimated unconditional correlations during market crises may not always be needed. Consequently, the results provide evidence that contagion indeed exists as a real phenomenon during financial crises, reducing the benefits of portfolio diversification when needed most. In contrast, if the return data generating process is invariant but displays conditional heteroskedasticity, a conditioning bias exists that cannot be distinguished from a fundamental change in market dependence.


Goal. During fieldwork, the detailed landscape and forest pathology research was carried out at the key site of the Sheshory Natural Scientific Research Department (NSRD) of the Hutsulshchyna National Park. The purpose of these studies was to determine the landscape differentiation of forest pathology processes in the studied area. Method. The method of landscape field mapping by G. P. Miller and the methodology of research on forest-pathological processes by O. M. Fedirko were used. Arc Map 10 software was used at all stages of the research. The basis of the research was the usage of different cartographic materials, cosmic pictures, plans of plantations, forest-tactical descriptions and forest pathology surveys of the Sheshory NSRD. Results . As a result of the conducted landscapes and forest pathology researches it has been determined that the largest pathogen of forest pathology processes is the bark beetograph, because it has damaged (37.5%) of the stands, a significant proportion of the stands have been damaged by necrosis (22.6%), armillaria (23.6%), bacteria (15.2%), Heterobasidion annosum (1.02%). Total area of natural territorial complexes (NTCs) with affected forest stands is 207.8 hectares (18.8%) of the total area of forest-covered NTCs. The largest proportion of affected trees belongs to ripe strains, the age of which is 80-100 years (33.4%) and medieval – 40-60 years (32.2%). The overgrown forests, whose age is over 100 years old are affected the least (1%). Trees, which are concentrated in the tracts of steep slopes of the northwest and north-eastern exposition, the drainage basins of the northwest and north-eastern exposition and edgings, suffered the greatest loss. There is a pattern that dry areas are confined to the junction of the NTCs, in this case, the strike and the simple tract. After analyzing the landscape and forest pathology situation in the studied territory, it has been found that the greatest variety of pathogens in forest pathology processes has steep slopes of different exposures, since within the same tract there are tree species affected by bark beetle, necrosis and bacteria, which is not characteristic for other types of tracts. Scientific novelty. On the territory of the Pokutsk Carpathians landscape-logging research was carried out for the first time. A landscape map was made on a key plot at the level of terrain, a line and tracts on a scale of 1:25 000, detailed forest pathology studies were carried out within the key area, the spatial arrangement of the areas of dry stands and their area was determined. The percentage of affected areas to the morphological units of the landscape is determined using the Arc Map 10 software. Dependence of forest pathology phenomena distribution on the landscape structure of the territory has been determined. Practical significance. Materials of research can be used by employees of the scientific departments, employees of the forest protection department of the Hutsulshchyna National Park, the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine in developing recommendations for environmental protection measures in the territory of the Hutsulshchyna National Park and other forest users, the Emergency Department of the Kosiv District Administration, and other structures, concerning nature conservation, recreation and tourism.


Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC), a rare head and neck neoplasm, is differentiated clearly from conventional squamous cell carcinoma morphologically and biologically. Only one case of laryngeal BSCC has been reported in Japan, vs. over 60 in the international literature. We present a second such case. An 83-year-old man admitted for slight hoarseness and a large mass on the right arytenoid had no palpable cervical lymph nodes. Biopsy under a fiberscope showed poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, T1N0M0, necessitating CO2 laser laryngomicrosurgery. Pathological studies showed BSCC positive in the margins, further necesstating 70 Gy of radiotherapy and consecutive chemotherapy with TS-1. The man remains alive and disease-free three years after surgery.


Urban streams are ecosystems of great ecological and hydrological importance for human environments. However, they face pressure on biodiversity, hydromorphology, and water quality. In this study, an urban riparian system of a Mediterranean city (Thessaloniki, Greece) which interacts with several land-use classes, namely forests, pastures, cultivations, industrial-commercial infrastructure, and light and dense urban fabric, is assessed. The analyzed data were collected by implementing mainly QBR and ancillary RMP protocols on 37 plots of the Dendropotamos stream. The QBR protocol provided an assessment of total riparian vegetation cover, cover structure and quality, as well as channel alterations. The RMP protocol was used to enhance the quantitative assessment of dominant tree and shrub cover. Parts of Dendropotamos surrounded by agricultural (median QBR score: 27.5), industrial (50), and dense residential areas (27.5) suffer, in general, from low riparian vegetation cover, bad vegetation structure and quality, the continuous presence of alien/introduced species, and channel alterations. A variety of riparian habitat conditions characterize the sparse residential areas (60) where cover structure and quality of vegetation is improved. The reduction in grazing pressure has improved the riparian habitat in the greatest part of Dendropotamos that is surrounded by semi-natural pastures (65). Within forested areas (85), the stream conditions are considered quasi-natural. All previous land uses are differentiated in terms of the dominant trees found in the vegetation of Dendropotamos: Platanus orientalis in forested areas, alien Ailanthus altissima mainly in residential and industrial areas, and native shrubs, e.g., Quercus coccifera and Pyrus spinosa, in pastures. The QBR protocol could be a valuable tool in urban environment planning to help identify areas with potential for restoration, such as those with moderate residential pressure.


As announced earlier, all articles published since 1877 have been digitized and they are now available at www. tidsskrift.dk. This site, however, is only in Danish and we have therefore transferred all titles, authors and abstract to www.rdgs.dk from where links to the full text pdf-files are available. A search function has also been introduced on the website making it easy to find specific articles, authors or subjects. In addition, we have introduced a Table of


THE EXTENT AND COMPLEXITY OF THE ACTIVITIES IN WHICH HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS ARE ENGAGED TODAY, TOGETHER WITH THE INFLEXIBILITY AND SLOW RESPONSE OF MANUAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS, ARE PERSUADING AN INCREASING NUMBER OF STATES TO INSTITUTE COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL FUNCTIONS. ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS OF THESE SYSTEMS ARE DISCUSSED, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE INTEGRATED OPERATIONS SYSTEM (IOS) OF THE WISCONSIN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION.


Based on literature survey, examination of type specimens and fieldwork, seven names of Carex are synonymized in the present paper: viz. Carex hypoblephara reduced to a synonym of C. glossostigma; C. dayunshanensis and C. wuyishanensis to synonyms of C. graciliflora; C. dolichogyne to a synonym of C. truncatigluma; C. kwangtoushanica to a synonym of C. tatsiensis; and C. martini to a synonym of C. rhynchophora. The holotype of Carex fokienensis is identified and confirmed at P. The putative endemic species Carex macrosandra (basionym: C. lanceolata var. macrosandra) is synonymized to C. lanceolata, whereas C. cavaleriensis, considered a synonym of the former, is here recognized as a distinct species. A lectotype is designated for C. lanceolata var. macrosandra.


AIM
To test: 1) if hypoxic preconditioning upregulates the activity of KATP channels in isolated adult rat cardiac myocytes; 2) if the upregulation involves protein kinase C (PKC).

METHODS
By the whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique, KATP channel currents (IKATP) were measured in the cardiomyocytes with no pretreatment (CON), hypoxic exposure preceding reoxygenation (HPC), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and chelerythrine addition with HPC (CH + HPC), respectively.

RESULTS
At 0 mV and 5 min after 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP) perfusion, the membrane currents for the CON, HPC, PMA, and CH + HPC were (3.5 +/- 1.9), (7.7 +/- 1.5), (7.5 +/- 3.3), (4.6 +/- 2.4) nA, respectively. Compared with the CON, the IKATP in the HPC and PMA were significantly augmented (P < 0.01) while the IKATP in the CH + HPC remained similar to the CON (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
1) hypoxic preconditioning stimulated the activity of PKC and markedly enhanced the activity of KATP channels in the isolated rat cardiac myocytes; 2) PKC activation was involved in the upregulation of KATP channels.


Database visualization helps users process, interpret and act upon large stored data sets. In this paper, we present a Java‐based 3D database visualization tool called J3DV. The J3DV tool successfully solved the problem of data management faced by many other visualization systems by integrating multiple data sources with the visualization tool. The tool utilizes two‐level mapping to transform the data into intermediate data that can be used to render graphs. Intermediate data offers better performance with a two‐tier cache.


This article provides a general overview of the Proficiency Testing Programs (PTPs) of ASTM International and the importance of these programs to participating laboratories and the sponsoring ASTM technical committees. The PTPs are designed to provide participating laboratories with a statistical quality assurance tool that enables them to assess their performance compared to other labs participating in the same program. In the program, ASTM coordinates the preparation and distribution of test samples along with a detailed set of test instructions for each laboratory. Upon completion of testing, each laboratory sends their data to ASTM, which compiles the data and prepares a statistical summary report with all lab data. Final reports are also provided to participating laboratories. Any laboratory that can conduct the relevant testing within their laboratory is eligible to participate in the program. ASTM is in the process of improving program operations to electronically enhance data entry and summary report distributions, which will reduce the time it takes to produce and publish final reports.


Concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies continue to mature and are being deployed worldwide. Power towers will likely play an essential role in the future development of CSP due to their potential to provide dispatchable solar electricity at a low cost. This Power Tower Technology Roadmap has been developed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to describe the current technology, the improvement opportunities that exist for the technology, and the specific activities needed to reach the DOE programmatic target of providing competitively-priced electricity in the intermediate and baseload power markets by 2020. As a first step in developing this roadmap, a Power Tower Roadmap Workshop that included the tower industry, national laboratories, and DOE was held in March 2010. A number of technology improvement opportunities (TIOs) were identified at this workshop and separated into four categories associated with power tower subsystems: solar collector field, solar receiver, thermal energy storage, and power block/balance of plant. In this roadmap, the TIOs associated with power tower technologies are identified along with their respective impacts on the cost of delivered electricity. In addition, development timelines and estimated budgets to achieve cost reduction goals are presented. The roadmap does not present a single path formore » achieving these goals, but rather provides a process for evaluating a set of options from which DOE and industry can select to accelerate power tower R&D, cost reductions, and commercial deployment.« less


The effect of starvation inducement on surviving ability and anthracene degrading ability was observed. In 100mg/L and 50mg/L anthracene, the removal efficiency increased by 27.8% and 23.7% with 2 days starved bacteria. The degrading rate increased slightly with 6 days starved bacteria in either 100mg/L or 50mg/L anthracene. Results indicated that there was a shrink in the size of anthracene degrading bacteria starved for 6 days. It was also observed the surface hydrophocity increased and surviving ability improved after a short time starvation, which indicated the utility of a short starvation for improving the efficacy of bioaugumentaion.


The smooth implementation of PE and the healthy curriculum needs PE teacher to utilize the mental skill fully to carry on the PE teaching.However,the research on PE teacher's mental skill is lack by consulting the correlation research papers.This article discusses and analyzes the teaching skills of PE teachers from their mental skill stratification in order to improve the theoretical research and provide the guarantee for the smooth implementation of PE and the healthy curriculum.


(73) Assignee: SanDisk IL Ltd., Kfar Saba (IL) JP 60-229.140 11, 1985 JP O4-367932 12/1998 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 OTHER PUBLICATIONS U.S.C. 154(b) by 968 days. International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/IL06/ 00551, Jan. 26, 2007, 4 pages. 21) Appl. No.: 11/429,190 Dusse S.R. et al.: "A Cryptographic Library for the Motorola ( p 9 DSP56000." Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Advances in (22) Filed: May 8, 2006 Cryptology EUROCRYPT '90, May 21-24 1990, Aarhus, DK (1991) Berlin, DE (pp. 230-244). (65) Prior Publication Data Extended European Search Report for EP 06 728340, mailed from the European Patent Office on Nov. 16, 2009, 6 pages. US 2006/O253522 A1 Nov. 9, 2006 * cited by examiner Related U.S. Application Data Primary Examiner David H Malzahn (60) Provisional application No. 60/678,907, filed on May (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Brinks Hofer Gilson & Lione 9, 2005. (57) ABSTRACT 51) Int. Cl. (51) o 7/523 (2006.01) A signed multiplication method and a corresponding device (52) U.S. Cl 708/625 for multiplying a first multiplicand with a second multipli


The β‐turn is a common motif in both proteins and peptides and often a recognition site in protein interactions. A β‐turn of four sequential residues reverses the direction of the peptide chain and is classified by the Φ and Ψ backbone torsional angles of residues i + 1 and i + 2. The type VI turn usually contains a proline with a cis‐amide bond at residue i + 2. Cis‐proline analogs that constrain the peptide to adopt a type VI turn led to peptidomimetics with enhanced activity or metabolic stability. To compare the impact of different analogs on amide cis–trans isomerism and peptide conformation, the conformational preference for the cis‐amide bond and the type VI turn was investigated at the MP2/6‐31+G** level of theory in water (polarizable continuum water model). Analogs stabilize the cis‐amide conformations through different mechanisms: (1) 5‐alkylproline, with bulky hydrocarbon substituent on the Cδ of proline, increases the cis‐amide population through steric hindrance between the alkyl substituent and the N‐terminal residues; (2) oxaproline or thioproline, the oxazolidine‐ or thiazolidine‐derived proline analog, favors interactions between the dipole of the heterocyclic ring and the preceding carbonyl oxygen; and (3) azaproline, containing a nitrogen atom in place of the Cα of proline, prefers the cis‐amide bond by lone‐pair repulsion between the α‐nitrogen and the preceding carbonyl oxygen. Preference for the cis conformation was augmented by combining different modifications within a single proline. Azaproline and its derivatives are most effective in stabilizing cis‐amide bonds without introducing additional steric bulk to compromise receptor interactions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 81:392–406, 2006


[Extract] With geotourism as an expression of a growing
trend towards the natural as well as cultural landscape (Pforr and Megerle, 2006) geoparks appear to hold the future for tourism in designated areas on a global scale. One of these geoparks is the Vulkaneifel which covers approximately 2000km2 in the German State of Rhineland-Palatinate bordering on Belgium and Luxembourg in the
west and on the Rhine in the east (Figures CS16.1
and CS16.2). In 2004 the Vulkaneifel European Geopark was officially recognized as a UNESCO global geopark, which is a significant step up from the original regional geopark designation as the guidelines and criteria defined by UNESCO are quite stringent and are evaluated by an international team of experts (UNESCO, 2006a).


This paper analyses the thought and defect of management thought about management theory,and on the basis of management theory points out that the review of the existing management theory has not been fundamentally thinking of the ultimate good management and management theory does not have the ultimate,so it proposes that the happiness management and basic line of the happiness management should be a interacted and coupled dual rule mechanism including organizational structure and organizational members based on maximizing the happiness of stakeholders.Finally,a two dimensions framework of happiness management is constructed with the information cost of organization structure and the life cost of organization members.


Fuel cells have been received as a potentially cleaner and more efficient energy conversion device than internal combustion engines. They bring promise of future energy stability and a lessened reliance on fossil fuels. Currently, a major limitation to the commercialization of H2/O2 polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells is the high cost of materials especially for the electrocatalyst used to catalyze the cathodic reaction 1 .


PURPOSE: A method and a device for reducing power consumption are provided to reduce power consumption by adjusting a back light of a portable display, and to extend battery time. CONSTITUTION: A device for reducing power consumption includes a video source device(200), a scalar(201), a timing controller(202), an LCD(203) including a back light(203-1), a user interface controller(204), a battery detector(205), a brightness adjuster(206), an inverter(207), and a transformer(208). The video source device(200) generates video source, and process the source to signal. The scalar(201) adjusts video signal output the video source device(200). The timing controller(202) holds and outputs the output video signal. The user interface controller(204) displays reproducing information to FTL(Fluorescence Light Tube). The battery detector(205) detects a judgment signal output from the user interface controller(204), and controls output of the brightness adjuster(206). The transformer(208) transforms PWM frequency output from the inverter(207), and operates the back light(203-1).


The 1954 Supreme Court Brown v. Board of Education decision is one of the most significant events in American history. The ruling struck down the principle of "separate but equal," established in the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision. In doing so, Brown established the terrain on which the next sixty years of school desegregation and eventually resegregation would take place.

Keywords:

African American;
race and ethnicity;
sociology of education


Hβ zeolites were modified by different metal ions(Al3+,Ti4+,Fe3+)under microwave radiation,and were subsequently used to catalyze the synthesis of anthraquinone with benzene and phthalic anhydride as base material.The modified zeolites were characterized by means of XRD,NH3-TPD and pyridine-IR.The results show that the microwave radiation was more effective for the modification of zeolite,and the catalytic performance of modified zeolites were improved.Microwave radiation did not destroy the crystal structure of β zeolite.There was great difference in catalytic activity among the zeolites modified by different metal ions.The zeolite modified with 0.5 mol/L Al2(SO4)3 exhibited the best catalytic activity for the reaction,and the yield of anthraquinone was 38.87%;its selectivity reached 92.78%.The surface acidity of zeolite had a significant influence on the catalytic performance in the synthesis of anthraquinone,and the medium strong acid sites were the active sites.The ratio of L acidity to B acidity played an important role in the catalysis reaction.


The coronavirus pandemic is forcing employees around the world to work from home. Although remote work has existed for decades, it's not ideal for everybody. Many employees who are accustomed to working from an office location and who prefer it will need to make a huge transition. While studies have shown that remote work can bring many benefits, including reduced commuting time and fewer workplace distractions, these benefits are often associated with people who work from home a few days a week instead of all the time (Golden & Eddleston, 2020). So transitioning to working solely from home will be challenging for many.


The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between corporate leader's traits, corporate culture, and brand personality from a longitudinal viewpoint. Based on the dimensions of the major constructs suggested in previous literatures, content analysis was utilized on the 212 newspaper and magazine articles regarding corporate leader traits and corporate culture from 1967 to 2008, and 509 advertisements from 1981 to 2009 for the brand personality of four local companies-I-MEI Food Co., King Car Food Industrial Co., Tatung Co., and Giant Bicycle Inc. Several propositions were conducted based on the results. Positive relationships were observed between 1) the "personal integrity" dimension of a corporate leader's traits, "integrity" dimension of corporate culture, and "sincerity" dimension of brand personality; 2) the "openness to experience" dimension of a corporate leader's traits, "excellence and innovation" dimension of corporate culture, and "excitement" dimension of brand personality; and 3) the "dependability" dimension of a corporate leader's traits, "scientific proof" dimension of corporate culture, and "competence" dimension of brand personality. Also, there was a negative relationship between the "need for power" of a corporate leader's traits and "teamwork spirit" of corporate culture. The results of this study could provide marketers and academic researchers a view of the longitudinal development and determinants of brand personalities.


OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of gemcitabine combined with oxaliplatin(GEMOX)in the treatment of lymphoma patients after failure of chemotherapy regimens. METHODS:60 lymphoma patients after failure of chemotherapy regimens were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Control group was given gemcitabine 1 000 mg/m2 intravenously,d1,d8,for 30 min. Observation group was given oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 intravenously,d1,for 2-6 h on the basis of control group. Both groups received reduced glutathione 1.2 g intravenously and ondansetron 8 mg intramuscularly. A treatment course lasted for 21 d,and therapeutic efficacy,toxic reaction and survival rate were evaluated after 2 cycles. RESULTS:Total effective rate and 6 months survival rate of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group;there was statistical significance(P0.05). The toxic reaction and 3 months survival rate of both groups had no statistically significant difference(P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Compared with gemcitabine alone,GEMOX regimen can get a better therapeutic efficacy in lymphoma patients after failure of chemotherapy regimens with acceptable safety and can improve survival rate effectively.


Abstract Polyaniline, poly(o-methoxyaniline)and poly(N-phenylaniline) were synthesized chemically under different polymerization conditions by peroxodisulphate oxidation in HCl and in a mixture of HCl and CH3CN. The polymer prepared at 0°C, monomer-oxidant ratio 1:1.15 and a strong acidic medium, has the least bandgap and maximum electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity depends on degree of oxidation and protonation. The bulky substituents increase the torsion angle and hence disorder causes the decrease in the electrical conductivity of polymer.


The internal friction of some ceria stabilized zirconia ceramics were measured in the temperature range of 30-450°C in air using two method, piezoelectric resonance method and forced torsion method. The internal friction was observed for 12%CeO2 doped ZrO2 which was reduced in flowing hydrogen. The doping of CeO2 to cubic ZrO2-Y2O3 suppressed the amplitude of internal friction. The result suggested the lowing effect of CeO2 to the mobility of oxygen in cubic Y2O3-doped zirconia ceramics.


The wooden fishing vessel occupies a considerable proportion in China,which is aged small type confusion,poor performance and safety,higher energy consumption and maintenance cost,with much more forest resources consumption,etc.This does not accord with the requirement of developing modern fishing vessel.This paper analyzes the fishing vessel management policies at present,which indicates that the fishing vessel management laws and regulations is not perfect and systematic;incoordination in different management systems,lack of operable fishing vessel mandatory scrapping regulations;backwardness of scientific research,lack of upgrading technical support.The paper suggests building wooden fishing vessel elimination mechanism policies: to promote the fishery law revision,and set up systematic wooden fishing vessel elimination regulations;restrict building wooden fishing vessel;increase subsidies for wooden fishing vessel dismantling and update;strengthen research and development technology,as well as promote renewal and transformation of wooden fishing vessel.


Structured and / or unstructured data for business (enterprise) is obtained from one or more sources, such as commercial data providers, the business website, and / or directory web sites. The string from the non-structured data is extracted. The character string includes a key, value pairs describing facts about the business. The parsing the extracted string, by standardizing the keys and values, and replace them with machine-readable structured displayable. Some of the keys and / or values can not be standardized. The fact is clustered in the art that the business facts. Standardized fact from different sources is compared, the level of trust and / or weights are assigned to the case. These trust levels and weights are used to select the facts to be displayed on the pages of businesses within the directory. Data acquisition module, the data extraction module, a parsing module data, structured data,


The high temperature heating surface such as the superheater and reheater of the large-size utility boiler all experience a relatively
severe working condition. The failure of the boiler tubes will directly impact the safe and economic operation of the boilers. An on-line life
monitoring model of the high temperature heating surface was set up according to the well-known L-M formula of the creep damages. The
tube wall metal temperature and working stress are on-line monitored, and with this model, the real time calculation of the life expenditure of
the heating surface tuhe bundles has been realized. Based on the technique the on-line life monitoring and management system of high tem-
perature heating surface was developed for the 300 MW utility boiler. An effective device was thus suggested for the implementation of the
safe operation and the condition based maintenance of the utility boilers.


We consider the fluid model of a reentrant line with FIFO discipline and look for solutions with constant flows (steady solutions). In the case of constant viscosities we prove the uniqueness of such a solution. If viscosities are different, we present an example with multiple steady solutions. We also prove that for some classes of reentrant lines uniqueness holds even if the viscosities are different. 2000 Math. Subj. Class. 90B10, 94C99, 37–XX.


Summary A resume is given of radiochemical measurements of nuclear reaction cross sections relevant to the production of some medically important radionuclides carried out at PINSTECH during the last decade. Systematic studies on fission neutron spectrum averaged cross sections of several threshold reactions, like (n, 2n), (n, p) and (n, α), on titanium, ruthenium, europium and dysprosium for the production of 45Ti, 96Tc, 153Sm and 153Gd are described.


Background. Isolated hyperbilirubinemia mostly of indirect bilirubin fraction is diagnosed in patients with polymorphism of UGT1A1 gene (Gilbert9s syndrome), mainly homozygous genotype (TA)7/(TA)7 which encodes the enzyme uridinediphosphoglycosyltransferase 1 (UDP-GT) in hepatocytes. Hyperbilirubinemia is also frequent laboratory abnormality in chronic myeloid (CML) patients treated by nilotinib. Connection of hyperbilirubinemia with UGT1A1 polymorphism in CML patients on nilotinib therapy requires understanding and studying. Aims. To estimate the correlation between polymorphism of UGT1A1 gene and frequency of hyperbilirubinemia in patients with CML treated by nilotinib. Methods. We estimated biochemical parameters in a group of 100 patients treated by nilotinib: bilirubin, transaminases (AST, ALT), persistence of hyperbilirubinemia and biochemical parameters normalization. We also considered patients' anamnesis for hepatitis and estimated those laboratory abnormalities in previous imatinib therapy as 98 of 100 patients received nilotinib second line after imatinib. Me time of observation on nilotinib therapy was 36.7 months (range 1 – 94.5). Men/women ratio was 45/55. Promoter region of the UGT1A1 gene was studied by allele specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR). Results. Hyperbilirubinemia due to the indirect bilirubin fraction was observed in 84 (84%) of 100 patients. Of those 84 patients hyperbilirubinemia grade 1 was in 41 (49%), grade 2 in 33 (39%), grade 3 in 10 (12%). Normal genotype (TA)6/(TA)6 was in 71 (71%) patients, heterozygous genotype (TA)6/(TA)7 in 19 (19%), homozygous genotype (TA)7/(TA)7 in 10 (10%) patients. Frequency of hyperbilirubinemia grade 1-3 in patients depending on genotype is presented in table1. Hyperbilirubinemia grade 1 was associated mostly with normal genotype patients, grade 2 with normal and abnormal genotype, grade 3 with abnormal and homozygous genotype (9 of 10 patients). In 1 patient with normal genotype grade 3 hyperbilirubinemia was due to intracellular hemolysis approved by laboratory tests. One patient with heterozygous form (TA6/TA7) and normal bilirubin was on nilotinib Hyperbilirubinemia on previous imatinib treatment was in 29 (35,7%) of 82 patients with second line nilotinib: grade 1 in 25 (86.2%) of 29 patients (homozygous genotype TA7/TA7 in 5 of 25), grade 2 in 4 (13.8%) of 29 patients (all with homozygous genotype TA7/TA7). Normal bilirubin levels were in 55(46,3%) of 82 patients on previous imatinib therapy. One patient with TA7/TA7 genotype received nilotinib as first line. Bilirubin levels normalized in 48 (57.2%) of 84 patients during 1 to 3 months and persisted in 36 (42.8%). In 8(9,5%) of 84 patients transient ALT and AST elevation was observed: grade 1(1), grade 2 (5) grade 3-4(2); it was resolved and only isolated hyperbilirubinemia was observed later on. In 2 of 84 patients hepatitis C was diagnosed. No treatment discontinuation was done due to hyperbilirubinemia. Summary/Conclusion. In CML patients on nilotinib treatment Grade 3 hyperbilirubinemia as well as previous history of hyperbilirubinemia any grade on imatinib can be a sign of homozygous genotype TA7/TA7. Lower grades of hyperbilirubinemia occur both in patients with normal and abnormal heterozygous genotype. Other reasons for hyperbilirubinemia (hemolysis, hepatitis) should be assessed. No connection of UGT1A1 polymorphism and transaminase (ALT,AST) elevation was established. Disclosures Chelysheva:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis International AG: Consultancy, Honoraria. Turkina:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis International AG: Consultancy, Honoraria.


Curiosity and critical thinking as one of the characteristics and skills developed in the goals of Indonesian education and 21st-century learning. Curiosity is a driving force for intrinsic motivation to explore behavior and gain new understanding and knowledge through observation. Curiosity and critical thinking skills are the needs of every individual to explore sciences such as biology. This study's aim is to explore the curiosity and critical thinking skills of prospective biology teacher students. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a survey method. The sample of this study amounted to 150 students who were taken using purposive random sampling. Curiosity data was collected using science curiosity in learning environments (SCILE) and critical thinking skills were collected using the developed instrument. The data obtained were analyzed using the partial least square program to determine the contribution of gender to scientific curiosity (SC) and critical thinking skills. The results of the analysis show that gender contributes directly to critical thinking skills through SC on the stretching indicator. In general, SC needs to do research to find out the contribution of each critical thinking.


Abuse of chemical pesticides leads to the problem of insect resistance, which has become increasingly prominent.The objective of study on insect resistance is to control insect pests more effectively. The progress of application of microarray technology on insect resistance research, especially the expression of the genes encoding cytochrome P450 monoxygneases,estaesres, glutathione-S-transferases and acetylcholinestcrase were reviewed in this paper to provide the references for study on insect resistance at the molecular level and lay the foundation for comprehensive interaction research between insects and pesticides from the genomics level in-depth.


Pennsylvania is a leader in utilizing coal wastes such as anthracite culm and bituminous coal gob in fluidized bed combustion (FBC) boilers. Alkaline FBC fly ash could contain large proportions of calcium and sulfur bearing minerals. Although FBC ashes typically do not meet ASTM C618 due to high SO3 and loss on ignition (LOI), they have the potential to be beneficially used in filling and reclamation of mine land features. However, leaching of harmful elements from ash deposits and consequent groundwater contamination is an environmental concern. This study assessed the leaching behavior of Schuylkill FBC ash monofills exposed to neutral water flow in a column scale. The assessment included characterizing the coal ash (via scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction), and flow-through leaching test in a 30cm column. In comparison with pulverized coal ash, the studied FBC ash contained higher clay and quartz and lower glass content, with 8% LOI. Within 8 days, alkalinity of fly ash raised the pH from 5 to 11. Under neutral inflow condition, Si, Al, and Fe concentrations slowly decreased, while Mg content was almost constant. Calcium and Sulfur contents decreased by a factor of 2 and Na and K contents dropped by a factor of 3 to 5. Among trace elements, molybdenum, associated with S and Ca, decreased from 1.30 to 0.08 mg/L, while Se, and As contents (associated with clay particles) were almost constant during 8 days. It was found that all detected trace elements were below Pennsylvania maximum acceptable leaching limits.


Establishment of voluntary approaches in the OECD and EU represented one of the most striking environmental developments of the 1990s. The EU EcoManagement and Audit Scheme (EMAS, 1993) is a manag ement instrument to improve environmental performance of organisations. The EU Ecolabel (1992) is a part of the EU sustainable consumption and pro duction policy, which is also one of ten themes in the EU Sustainable Development Strategy. Usage of these voluntary schemes can affect the Resource productiv ity, which is a headline indicator in this theme, and ultimately lead to susta inable development. However, the positive effects in the EU countries take place with time lags after their introduction. The longer lags are typical of the EMAS . The aim of this Paper is to assess the usage of the voluntary instruments in th e EU countries and to evaluate their contribution to sustainable development on th e basis of examining their relations to resource productivity.


Background: The causal links between urinary uromodulin (uUMOD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are still not clarified. Methods: We first assessed the relationship between uUMOD and CVD using bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Then, multivariable Mendelian randomization and product of the coefficients methods were used to investigate the role of blood pressure in mediating the effect of uUMOD on CVD. Results: 1-unit higher uUMOD level was associated with a higher risk of myocardial infarction (MI), with an odds ratio of 1.08 ([95% CI, 1.02–1.14]; P=0.009), while MI was not associated with uUMOD levels in reverse. Our study did not support the causal effects of uUMOD on other CVD outcomes, including coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and ischemic stroke. In multivariable Mendelian Randomization, the direct effects of uUMOD on MI were attenuated to null after introducing systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure. Mediation analysis showed that the indirect effect of uUMOD on MI mediated by systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure was 1.05 ([95% CI, 1.04–1.06]; mediation proportion=69%) and 1.07 ([95% CI, 1.05–1.08]; mediation proportion=87%), respectively. Similar results were found in sensitivity analysis based on different sets of genetic instruments. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence for the effect of higher uUMOD on increasing blood pressure, which mediates a consequent effect on MI risk in the general population. Further studies are necessary to verify the associations between uUMOD and other CVD outcomes.


The fermention liquid of Trichoderma.harzianum mutant implanted by N + ion beam was used to irriquat rice seeds. The results showed that the rice seedings in the fermentation liquid of 5×10 -6 ?5×10 -5 ?2×10 -4 T.harzianum mutants growed better than that of CK and former T.harzianum . The iymograms of peroxidase isozymes of rice in the fermentation liquid dulted 50 times and 150 times presented two new spectrum belts, Namely A 3 belt and C 3 belt, but the CK and former's didn't present. The iymograms of peroxidase isozymes of rice seedlings irragrated by the fermention liquid of all the mutants presented B 3 spectrum belts. There was significant diflence betwern the Zymolysis isozyme of rice irragrated by the fermention liquid and that of the CK and former.


As the online bookstore market has been saturated and the level of competition has become more intense, maintaining competitive advantage by mitigating consumers` perceived risks can be considered as one of good alternative strategies a company should use. Although studies that identify the types of consumers` perceived risks in the context of online bookstores as well as validate the relationships between perceived risk and its antecedent/consequent factors in an integrated manner are strongly required, there has been less attention paid to these matters. Therefore, based on previous literature, we identify five types of perceived risks (financial, performance, online payment, delivery, and seller`s response risk) and validate the impacts of online bookstore specific characteristics and user specific characteristics on perceived risk. In addition, we also verify causal relationship between perceived risk and intention to use online bookstores. The results of PLS test using 108 samples collected from undergraduate and graduate students confirm that perceived risk has a negative impact on intention to use and four antecedents (reputation, service quality, self-efficacy, and user experience) are significantly related to perceived risk.


The present data on the electron and muon spectra of the extensive air showers (EAS) are analyzcd. The data show two irregularities in both electron and muon spectra. The observed variation of the shape reflects the corresponding variation of the shape of the energy spectrum of the primary ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. (auth)


Entry deterrence models do not deal with demand externalities introduced by entry. We treat the problem allowing for two types of entrants. One of them, the bad type, is the usual competitor who does not introduce any externality, the other (the good type) incorporates an increase in the intercept of the demand functions faced by the incumbent and the entrant. We analyses the incumbent's behaviour in two cases ; when there is certainty or uncertainty about the prospective entrant. In both cases, the entrant fixed cost of entry. Even for the certainty case, both types would not always enter. The addition of uncertainty implies that either full entry, full deterrence or most interestingly partial entry (i.e. the good type enters) are equilibrium actions as a function of the fixed cost and the increase in demand.


Objective: The objective was to study the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with first-line anti-tubercular drugs for clinical presentations, causality, and severity. Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken in a 750 bedded tertiary care teaching hospital of central India for the duration of 1 year (May 2013‑May 2014). Patients diagnosed with tuberculosis and under treatment with the first-line anti-tubercular drugs were study subjects. Causality, preventability, and severity were analyzed and other parameters such as male to female ratio, most affected system, most common class of drug, and common types of ADRs, were studied. Results: Nearly 118 patients were started on anti-tubercular treatment of first-line drugs in the study duration. Out of these 45 patients suffered one or more ADRs with a total number of reported ADRs being 91. 57.77% were males. Maximum patients belonged to the age group of 31-40 years (26.66%). The most commonly involved system was hepatic and biliary system (53.33%) followed by gastrointestinal system (51.11%), the most common ADR observed was disturbed liver transaminases (33.33%) followed by nausea and vomiting (28.88%). Causality assessment by Naranjo's scale showed 58.2% ADRs scoring probable, 31.86% were of possible score, whereas 9.8% definite score category. Severity assessment shows 68.88% cases of mild grading, 31.11% of moderate and no case of severe grading was reported in the study duration. Conclusions: Vigilance regarding these ADRs occurrences can result in early diagnosis and thus, proper management can be instituted earliest. This will build confidence of patients and will decrease the dropouts which in turn can result in decrease chances of developing drug-resistant strains. Keywords: Adverse drug reactions, Multidrug resistant tuberculosis, Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, Causality, Naranjo's algorithm


The increasing life-expectancy of our society results in a continuously growing number of patients suffering from dementing disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Apart from the deleterious consequences for the patients and their relatives, this has also alarming effects on our social systems. These facts have justified increased scientific efforts regarding the identification of basic pathomechanisms of dementia and the development of new treatment options. Increased production of specific proteins and their pathologic aggregation in the brain appears to be a pathomechanism which occurs early in the course of many different neurodegenerative disorders. Among the most well-known of these protein aggregations are the amyloid-plaques, which arise from the aggregation of the s-amyloid protein. Currently, this amyloid-aggregation pathology is regarded as a key pathology, playing a causal role in the development of AD. Consequently, modern therapy approaches are directed towards this target. Limited access to brain tissue has so far restricted the definite diagnosis of AD to post mortem histopathological assessment of brain tissue. For the same reason, a clear association between extent of amyloid deposition pathology and clinical course of AD has not been established so far. However, particularly with regard to new therapeutic options a reliable in vivo diagnosis is required. Modern molecular imaging tracers such as [ 11 C]PIB do now open the possibility to visualize amyloid-depositions in vivo, using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). These techniques allow the characterization of dementing disorders on the basis of the underlying pathology rather than on their symptomatic appearance. This type of "in vivo histopathology"-approach may offer improved options for early and differential diagnosis, as well as for patient selection for therapy trials and for objective therapy monitoring.


Empirical potential energy surfaces have been constructed to describe the nondissociative interaction of NO with the (111) faces of Ag and Pt. Stochastic trajectory simulations employing these interaction potentials accurately reproduce experimental angular and velocity scattering distributions. Measured rotational energy distributions of scattered molecules, including the observed ''rotational rainbow'' features, are also reproduced quantitatively. Arrhenius prefactors for desorption are computed to be large (1016 s−1), and the translational and rotational ''temperatures'' of desorbed molecules are found to be lower than the surface temperature, in agreement with experiment. Sticking probabilities, desorption rates, and the rotational energy of desorbed and scattered molecules are all found to be strongly influenced by the dependence of the attractive region of the gas‐surface potential on molecular orientation.


We prepared a synthesis of historical weather conditions for Isla Maria Madre (1922-1989) to reflect conditions that impact the mainland of Mexico. Observations were compared with regional reanalysis (RR) data in the same area. The results indicate that air temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, and precipitation in both sources of data display the annual signal. Observations and RR data show differences in climate analysis, mainly in the phase of air temperature and relative humidity. These differences can be explained by the smoothness and the methods used to estimate the RR data.