OBJECTIVE
To study the fundamental anatomy of transferring T(9-12) nerve roots to L(2-4) nerve root for the quadriceps function recovery inside the spinal canal of paraplegia.

METHODS
Thoracic and lumbar spinal canal and spinal dura mater of 5 adult cadavers (male 2 and female 3) were opened and explored. Investigated including: the position which T₉-L₄ nerve root generated from spinal cord; the relation between the position which T₉-L₄ nerve root generated from spinal cord and T₁₂ vertebrae and L₁ vertebrae; The length beginning part of T₉-L₄ nerve root inside the spinal canal. The diameter of T₉-L₄ nerve root. The distance between the T₉-L₄ nerve root separately. The distance between the position which T(9-12) nerve root separately generated from dura mater and the middle of L₂ vertebrae.

RESULTS
T₉ nerve root generated from the middle part of T₉ vertebrae; L₄ nerve root generates from middle part of L₂ vertebrae. The average length of T₉-L₄ nerve root inside the spinal canal separately was 16.12, 22.97, 30.43, 43.47, 56.02, 70.03, 88.70 and 113.65 mm. The average diameter of T₉-L₄ nerve root separately was 2.45, 2.04, 1.96, 2.18, 2.32, 2.56, 3.10 and 3.26 mm. The average distance between the beginning part of T₉-L₄ nerve root separately was 22.87, 25.08, 28.47, 27.38, 29.78, 31.93 and 31.00 mm. The average distance between the position which T(9-12) nerve root separately generated from dura mater and the middle of L₂ vertebrae was 118.69, 95.82, 70.74, and 42.27 mm.

CONCLUSIONS
T(9-12) nerve root can be used as donor nerve for repair L(2-4) nerve root. The level of L₂ vertebrae can be anastomose site of the recipient nerve.


One challenge for future IT systems in FM is the automatic processing of large heterogeneous and distributed data and their context-based utilization, e.g. in maintenance management. Regarding the user interface, the access via mobile devices constantly gains significance. Reasons are the increase of multi-functionality, the price decline and the benefit to access data at any time and any place. The lack of the intuitionally understandable presentation of data on mobile devices still represents a barrier for practical use. The search for information in menu bars, tables or PDF files on limited smartphone displays is too time-consuming and requires too much finger precision from a user perspective. The conceptual paper presents new approaches of information modelling and -supply, which enable the efficient support of maintenance and approval processes in FM. The ongoing research project FMstar, initiated for this purpose, develops concepts and technologies for semantic modelling and linking of distributed life cycle data of industrial properties and their flexible and context-based presentation on mobile devices, through Augmented Reality (AR). Three universities and four enterprises partake in this project, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology.


This paper considers corrosion problems in the bolt connection of weathering steel box girder bridge using the external electric type corrosion resistance method which resisted to local corrosion in coated steel surface with contacted air. The weathering steel was created a rust itself in the passive state, but a coated box girder type was easily dew form could be made galvanic cell that accelerated corrosion, so that it was ruled by protection coat with some paint. Therefore, it needed that can be applied the external electric type corrosion resistance method in coated surface. As a result of the test of polarization amount had measured that the weathering steel was higher currents than the general steel by about 5~10%. Therefore, an external electric type corrosion resistance method can be used to protect local corrosion in the coated bolt connection of weathering steel box girders effectively.


suspect, from the observation of certain phenomena which they could not otherwise explain, that during the passage of the blood through the capillary vessels it was subjected to a force, independent of the action of the heart, which assisted the circulation. Various conjectures were then formed of the nature of this power, and its source was generally supposed to be either in the blood itself, or in the walls of the capillaries. But the doctrine of a force resident in the capillaries, supplemental to the heart's action, in circulating the blood, was, by the great majority of physiologists, rejected. They saw no evidence of its existence, and,


The Numerical Propulsion System Simulator (NPSS) is an engineering systems tool that has been tackling key technology barriers of high fidelity simulation for over a decade. One of the technologies being developed by NPSS is coupled component system simulation. This paper describes one successful approach to component coupling and integration with a high fidelity simulation of a state-of-the-art gas turbine. Details of the coupling techniques including wrapping and communication techniques shall be described. Several techniques have been studied to unite high fidelity and low order models. Some approaches successfully allow the integration of multi-fidelity codes. These integration strategies are reviewed in this paper.


Agriculture is an industry of variables and unknowns - the weather, operation size and ownership structure, markets and the economy, plant disease, land price, global consumer perception - the list goes on and on. One thing, however, is known: Kansas is making progress in developing creative approaches to bridging public and private resources for the benefit of agriculture education classrooms.It is no surprise that agriculture is big business in Kansas. The sector's economic contribution to Kansas is 43% of the total gross regional product. Agriculture, food and food processing supports 12% of the entire workforce in the state. Investing in agriculture education is a proven way to build a solid foundation that supports the agency's mission of creating a "best-in-state plus" workforce and work environments with a positive culture and attitude. Our progress is the result of surveying the workforce, focusing on student supervised agricultural experiences (SAE), and developing an agriculture industry certificate program for agricultural education students in Kansas.Workforce SurveyThe number is 19 - that's right - 19. According to the Department of Labor (DOL) 19 is the number of occupations classified in agriculture, which is not exactly the 235 identified on the National FFA Organization's website. An example of missing DOL, consideration would be our states market share of agriculture equipment manufacturers. Kansas is home to many companies such as Landoll Corporation, Sunflower Manufacturing, Great Plains Manufacturing and Hesston Corporation. The DOL classifies these companies as manufacturers and agriculture companies, thus creating a divide between sectors.In response to the DOL's limited scope and definition of agriculture careers, Jackie McClaskey, Kansas Secretary of Agriculture, authorized the first Kansas Department of Agriculture (KDA) Workforce Needs Assessment Survey. During winter 2015, more than 250 responses were received from farmers, ranchers and agribusinesses collectively employing more than 12,000 Kansas residents. Survey results indicated 44% of respondents were willing to expand their operations to capture new markets or expand market share. One of the limiting factors noted was the lack of an available and skilled workforce. More than 66% of respondents were willing to work with local education providers, and 60% wanted to offer internships or job shadowing opportunities on the secondary and postsecondary level.The top five soft skills lacking in employees noted by respondents were: motivation, time management, dependability, communication, and leadership. The "hard or occupational" skills lacking in employees were: critical/analytical thinking, basic communication/writing, and maintenance/machine operation. As followup to the KDA survey, a nationwide survey of higher education faculty, who are members of the North American Colleges and Teachers of Agriculture (NACTA), was conducted by Dana Ladner, compliance education coordinator for KDA. Results indicated:* experiential learning opportunities, like internships and SAEs, are viewed as a valuable tool for student success;* many partners are needed for a meaningful experiences, including interested students, faculty members, administrators, career counselors and industry allies;* learning experiences should be structured with goals, objectives, and hard and soft skills assessed and evaluated.Further, the 2015 Job Outlook provided by the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE), indicated 70% of employers prefer to hire college graduates with relevant work experience and 60% of those employers prefer the work to be gained through an internship. But, why wait until college when that can begin in high school? Armed with data, KDA recognized the benefits of student SAE programs as a vehicle for reinforcing knowledge and skills needed in the agricultural industry.Focus on SAEKansas Secretary of Agriculture McClaskey has made it a priority to promote and encourage total SAE participation within agriculture education classrooms. …


Poetry is a language that paints on the mind's eye images more beautiful and more powerful than the physical eye can behold. Poetry reflects our familiar world back to us with unfamiliar distinction. What illustrator dares to reproduce such personal and powerful visions of the imagination, which poetry's words inspire? Illustrators of children's poetry picture books do.
The problem can be that illustrated editions of a traditionally oral literature do not necessarily exercise children's imaginations the way the words do. So, do illustrated poems interfere with children's ability to imagine?


The hydrogen embrittlement(HE)sensitivity and the HE fracture chara-cteristics of cold drawn 05Si2 ferrite-granular bainite(F-B_G)dual-phasewere investigated and compared with that of 05Si2 ferrite-martensite(F-M)dual-phase steel.Although F-B_G celd drawn dual-phase steel is a little moresusceptible to HE than F-M,it has much better plasticity in hydregen envi-roment,because of its original superior plasticity.Microcrackt nucleate at theF/B_G interface and grow firstly into B_G along a direction about 45 with thetensile axis.


1 Twenty antagonist substances with varying potencies for central and peripheral postsynaptic muscarinic receptors have been examined for effects on the central presynaptic muscarinic autoreceptor. This has been monitored by measuring the stimulating effects of the substances on acetylcholine synthesis by rat neocortical tissue prisms. 2 Dose‐response curves for selected agents showed that maximal stimulation of synthesis was to 136–140% of the value without an antagonist. 3 At a concentration of 1 μm, 17 of the substances caused a significant increase in synthesis, whilst at 0.01 μm significant stimulation occurred with only atropine, dexetimide, N‐methyl‐piperdin‐4‐yl (R)‐2‐cyclohexyl‐2‐hydroxyl‐2‐phenylacetate, quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) and scopolamine. 4 Linear regression analysis between synthesis values obtained with the substances and published data for the effects on either cholinoceptor‐agonist induced contraction of guinea‐pig ileum or the binding of [3H]‐QNB to rat forebrain membranes gave correlation coefficients of r = 0.84 (P<0.01), and r = 0.75 (P<0.02) respectively. 5 The results provide no indication of a pharmacological difference between the central presynaptic muscarinic autoreceptor and central and peripheral postsynaptic muscarinic receptors.


A leg rest device of a power vehicle includes: a supporting unit; a first lifting unit pivotally provided at the supporting unit and pivotable with respect to the supporting unit; a second lifting unit mounted to the first lifting unit and movable in a telescoping manner; an actuation unit connected to the supporting unit and configured to drive the first lifting unit; and a linkage unit having a first connecting member, a second connecting member, and a third connecting member, wherein the first connecting member and the second connecting member are separately and pivotally connected to the supporting unit while the third connecting member is separately and pivotally connected to the first connecting member, the second connecting member, and the second lifting unit.


PART I. PROTECTING WHOM? Protecting Children or Reinforcing Dependency, Mary John. PART II. INTRAPSYCHIC OR STRUCTURAL APPROACHES? 1. The International Resilience Project, Edith Grotberg, Civitan International Research Centre, University of Alabama, USA. 2. Systems Abuse, Judy Cashmore. PART III. CHILDHOOD PUT AT RISK. 3. Child Soldiers, Rachel Brett, Quaker United Nations Office, Geneva. 4. Children's Labour in Mexico: Rights Protection and Violation, Aracelli Brizzio de la Hoz, University of Veracruz, Mexico. 5. A Safe Haven - Do International Standards and National Legislation Protect Unaccompanied Refugee Children in Britain? Louise Williamson, The Refugee Council, London. 6. Marginality and Extermination in Brazil From Uneasiness to Well-being, Janina Gonalves, Fundaao Centro Brasileiro para a Infncia e Adolescncia. 7. Children and Sexuality Worldwide, David Treharne, University of Exeter, and Wendy Thomas, Population Concern. 8. School Exclusion in the UK: An Entitlement at Risk, Vanessa Parffrey, University of Exeter. PART IV. FAMILY - A SAFE HAVEN? 9. Working with Families of Abused Children, Sheila Townsend, social worker in Devon. 10. Child Abuse: Respecting the Child's Right to Protection, Ann Catchpole, Joint Agencies Child Abuse Team, Devon. 11. Child Contact and Domestic Violence - A Child's Right to Safety?, Marianne Hester, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol. PART V. YOUNG PEOPLE RESPONDING TO A CHANGING CULTURE. 12. Violence and Young Minds, Steven Flood, Young Minds. 13. Drugs: Protection through the Prevention of Exploitation: The North Devon Project on Drugs, Will Palin, Youth Trust Drug Programme, Devon. 14. Understanding School Failure and School Drop Out in Mozambique, Mikael Palme, Institute of Education, Stockholm, Sweden. 15. Truancy: The Greenstead Detached Truancy Project, Tuaneri Akoto, Newham Youth Service Detached Worker. PART VI. STRENGTHENING THE HUMAN SPIRIT. 16. The Truth of Single Parent Families, children from single parent families. 17. The Rights of the Child in a Paediatric Oncology Unit, Penelope Cousens, Department of Psychological Medicine, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Australia, and Michael Stevens, The New Children's Hospital, Australia. 18. Learning Rights: A Fundamental Prerequisite for Protecting Oneself and Others, Gael Parfitt, University of Exeter.


Villi formation in the intestine is an example of tissue folding and a poorly understood mechanism. The Cellular Potts Model is a computational model to simulate cellular structures. A mathematical model for epithelial folding using the Cellular Potts Model was implemented to analyze the behaviour of a three layered tissue for different cell properties. The centers of mass and the forces on the cells were used to analyse the simulation results. The forces on the cells are higher during simulations than at the end, and higher growth ratios result in larger forces. Various relations are found between homotypic bond energies, resistance to compression or growth increments of the cells and the amplitude, frequency or size of the tissue. Resistance of the medium and the behaviour of the boundary cells is responsible for epithelial folding and only a small part of the parameter space yields tissues that have a wavelike shape and unbroken cell layers.


Although loyalty remains a popular subject in traditional contexts, the loyalty of internet users rarely gets studied, especially in noncommercial settings (e.g., search engines, portals, informative websites). This article provides an exploratory perspective on search engine loyalty through the use of a relational framework consisting of a two-dimensional commitment and hedonic versus utilitarian attitudes. The author tests a conceptual model that includes both the direct effect of commitment on action loyalty and the moderating effect of internet users' attitude towards the search engine. A search engine can offer affective and hedonic value to users, which enhances loyalty; switching costs have a negative impact, in the form of calculative commitment; and a 'depreciating effect' emerges from the interaction of commitment dimensions.


Internationally, there is much research interest in the potential challenges associated with overwork within households, particularly for parents raising children. New Zealand census data show that, when individuals are considered, average hours of paid work for employed women and men changed very little between 1986 and 2001. Yet, in this time period, there were significant changes in both employment rates for women and men and a polarisation of hours of work among these individuals. Further affecting household working hours have been changes in family structure. When total hours of work for both single parents and couple families with young children are considered, a polarisation of hours of work is also evident. However, the shift to long hours was larger than the growth in short hours, while the average hours worked by couples with young children also increased. These findings help explain why many sole parents and couples feel that paid working time has increased and, conversely, that family time has decreased. The paper concludes by examining policy options available to governments in order to curb long working hours.


A method of manufacturing a mask (316) for a method of patterning a semiconductor wafer. The mask (316) comprises an elliptical (340) of circular or elliptical features the use of a beam of energy (350) is formed. Forming a substantially circular beam by using the energy of an oval (340) or over the stepped edge (344) of the rounded feature, the energy of the beam to an elliptical (350) to be smoothed. A method of using the mask (316) for manufacturing a semiconductor device are also included. Elliptical energy beam (350) can also be used to directly pattern a semiconductor wafer.


This beautifully illustrated book describes the building in two parts. The first tells the story of how Lasdun approached the design and building of the RCP. In accepting the commission, he faced two potentially conflicting demands: to create a radical piece of modern architecture that would also serve as a setting for the centuries-old rituals of college life.


Currently, malware attacks pose a high risk to compromise the security of Android-IoT apps. These threats have the potential to steal critical information, causing economic, social, and financial harm. Because of their constant availability on the network, Android apps are easily attacked by URL-based traffic. In this paper, an Android malware classification and detection approach using deep and broad URL feature mining is proposed. This study entails the development of a novel traffic data preprocessing and transformation method that can detect malicious apps using network traffic analysis. The encrypted URL-based traffic is mined to decrypt the transmitted data. To extract the sequenced features, the N-gram analysis method is used, and afterward, the singular value decomposition (SVD) method is utilized to reduce the features while preserving the actual semantics. The latent features are extracted using the latent semantic analysis tool. Finally, CNN-LSTM, a multi-view deep learning approach, is designed for effective malware classification and detection.


This report, one of a series of country studies on higher education and employment, particularly in the humanities and social sciences, looks at employment for social science and humanities graduates in Sweden. Following an introduction in section 1, section 2 offers a short description of the evolution of humanities and social sciences in Swedish higher education. This section covers the organization of undergraduate study programs, the relative size of higher education study programs in the social sciences and humanities, and postgraduate recruitment. Section 3 presents a basis for comparisons with the labor market situation in other countries covering outflow into the labor market, changes in the market, and expected future developments. Section 4 deals in greater depth through case studies with a number of study programs, Social Work, Public Administration, and Humanities and individual subjects from the main "classical" disciplines in higher education: Economics, History and French. This section describes their content, organization and the role of the study programs and their relation to the employment sector. An appendix contains tables listing study programs for administrative, economic and social professions; study programs in the cultural and informational sectors; study times; costs for undergraduate study; and occupational breakdown by educational group. (JB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Geranteimmtivanot4 OCDE/OD(91)121 HIGHER EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT: THE CHANGING RELATIONSHIP THE CASE OF THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES COUNTRY REPORT SWEDEN "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


IOV (Internet of Vehicle) includes the features of WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) and VANET (Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks), is becoming the tendency in vehicular network. With the emergence of Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) terminal equipment (Smart Phone, PAD), the feature of low-cost, lightweight, and powerful have been well acquainted with people. So the PDA can be used to take the place of expensive, bulky traditional board computer as a M2M terminal management platform. This paper bases on the topic of "Safe travel", we try to design the roughly terminal structure and analyze the basic demand of its service. In the end of the paper, we make an outlook for the development of Vehicular Networks in future.


In order to study the interaction between molecules and photon fields, including plasmonic and external laser fields, we have carried out in situ measurements of photoluminescence (PL) from porphyrin molecules on Au substrates with and without a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip. Measurements were performed in a ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope chamber during irradiation by a He-Cd laser with incident power varying in the 10(-3) to 10(-7) W range. At an incident power of around 10(-7) W, the spectra depend strongly on the presence of STM tip, which is associated with STM light emission from molecules. We estimated the ratio of quantum efficiency of scanning tunneling microscope-induced light emission (STML) from molecules to PL on the basis of the STML/PL intensity ratio observed experimentally at a laser power of 7.5 x 10(-8) W, with the use of a 40 mu m laser beam diameter and an effective area of 2 nm for STML. The estimated quantum efficiency for an electron in STML is roughly 10(10) times larger than that for one photon of PL. This anomalous enhancement will be discussed on the basis of plasmon-enhanced light emission from molecules in a STM nano-cavity. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3680597]


In order to investigate the effects of altitude on the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaf, the contents of petroleum ether extract, total nicotine, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, chlorine and potassium in cured leaf C3F from pot-cultured New K326 and Yunyan 87 growing at the altitudes ranging from 200m to 1200m above sea level in Shimen County and Cili County of Hunan Province were determined with Soxhlet extraction, continuous flow analytical method and flame photometry. The soil matrix, planting population, fertilizing rate and schedule, and culture practices were one and the same. The results showed that: 1) the petroleum ether extract in flue-cured tobacco was signifi- cantly positively correlated with the altitude (P0.05); 2) the total nicotine and total nitrogen were negatively correlated with the altitude, the significance for New K326 wasP0.05 and for Yunyan 87 wasP0.01; 3) the correlations of reducing sugar and its ratio to nicotine with the altitude were positive, the significances for New K326and Yunyan 87 wereP0.01 andP0.05, respectively; 4) the contents of chlorine and potassium were scarcely affected by the altitude. It was concluded that the aroma concentration, harmony between major chemical compo- nents, hence, the usability of flue-cured tobacco would be better when the tobacco was planted at a moderately higher altitude.


Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of acitretin and its influence on the expression of IL-23/Th17 in peripheral blood of patients with psoriasis vulgaris,and to further clarify the therapeutic mechanisms of acitretin. Methods Ninety cases of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris(active stage and stationary stage in 45 cases) were treated with acitretin for 8 weeks. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index( PASI) scores. Peripheral blood level of Th17 cells was measured by flow cytometry. ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of IL-17,IL-23,IL-22 and IL-21 in 90 patients with psoriasis before and after treatment,and the clinical efficacy was evaluated. Sixty healthy persons were used as normal controls. Results The mean PASI scores were significantly decreased after treatment with acitretin(P0.01).Compared with healthy volunteers,patient with psoriasis vulgaris showed higher level of Th17 cells in peripheral blood( P0.05). The serum levels of IL-17,IL-23,IL-22 and IL-21 were significantly higher in patients with psoriasis than those in the normal controls(P0.01). The expression of Th17,IL-17,IL-22 in the progression stage were higher than that in stationary stage,the expression of IL-23and IL-21 in the progression stage were lower than that in stationary stage,the difference was not statistically( all P0.05). The expression of Th17,IL-17,IL-23,IL-22 and IL-21 were decreased after treatment with acitretin,and there was significant difference compared with before(P0.01). The accumulated points of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index( PASI) scores were decreased significantly. The total effective rate was80. 00%. The PASI score in patients was positively correlated with the percentage of Th17,serum level of IL-17,IL-23,IL-22 and IL-21. Conclusion Th17,IL-17,IL-23,IL-22 and IL-21 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Acitretin may affect IL-23/Th17 to achieve its therapeutic effect on patients with psoriasis. which may be one of the mechanisms of the acitretin treatment in psoriasis.


Given the challenge of manufacturing data silos and information credibility issues in traditional aviation suppliers' result-oriented management approach, this paper proposes a blockchain-based aviation supplier manufacturing process quality data-sharing platform. Firstly, the paper introduces the possibility of integrating manufacturing supply chain quality management with blockchain technology. Secondly, the quality and data sharing platform architecture of the production process of new aviation suppliers is presented based on quality state and island kinds of aviation suppliers. Then, a detailed method for the implementation of quality and data security sharing is proposed to support the sharing platform's real-time and orderly operation. Build critical technologies such as manufacturing quality data block packaging models, data storage security sharing, and supplier assessment models on this foundation. Finally, depending on data collection of supplier product production processes to shared application practices based on a specific aircraft industrial park under the supervision of the platform architecture and technology. The application platform integrates the data supply and request components, providing practical and intelligent sharing solutions for airlines' product quality data.


Peroxisomes in living CV1 cells were visualized by targeting the green fluorescent protein (GFP) to this subcellular compartment through the addition of a COOH-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (GFP–PTS1). The organelle dynamics were examined and analyzed using time-lapse confocal laser scanning microscopy. Two types of movement could be distinguished: a relatively slow, random, vibration-like movement displayed by the majority (∼95%) of the peroxisomes, and a saltatory, fast directional movement displayed by a small subset (∼5%) of the peroxisomes. In the latter instance, peak velocities up to 0.75 μm/s and sustained directional velocities up to 0.45 μm/s over 11.5 μm were recorded. Only the directional type of motion appeared to be energy dependent, whereas the vibrational movement continued even after the cells were depleted of energy. Treatment of cells, transiently expressing GFP–PTS1, with microtubule-destabilizing agents such as nocodazole, vinblastine, and demecolcine clearly altered peroxisome morphology and subcellular distribution and blocked the directional movement. In contrast, the microtubule-stabilizing compound paclitaxel, or the microfilament-destabilizing drugs cytochalasin B or D, did not exert these effects. High resolution confocal analysis of cells expressing GFP–PTS1 and stained with anti-tubulin antibodies revealed that many peroxisomes were associated with microtubules. The GFP–PTS1–labeled peroxisomes were found to distribute themselves in a stochastic, rather than ordered, manner to daughter cells at the time of mitosis.


The present invention has for its insulinotropic peptide derivative, and as the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing them, it characterized in that the concrete is N- terminal amino acid of the insulin secretory peptide mutation for increasing the blood stability and insulinotropic activity of the insulin secretory peptide . Insulinotropic peptide derivative of the present invention are native and represent a not therapeutic effect that in the conventional other insulinotropic peptide analog, a pharmaceutical composition comprising This insulin according to the present invention secreted peptide derivative and this is not predicted in the prior who will be able to provide an effective remedy. Insulinotropic peptide, derivative, N- terminal amino acid, histidine


The problems and research objectives taken include reviewing and analyzing the legal ratio of arrangements for notaries as public officials to be bankrupt, reviewing and analyzing temporary dismissals of notaries in accordance with the principle of legal certainty and reviewing and analyzing future arrangements for temporary dismissals as a result of being declared bankrupt. The research method used is legal research. The problem approach used in this research is the statute approach, conceptual approach and comparative approach. The sources of legal materials used are primary, secondary and non-legal legal materials. The results of the study conclude first, that notaries are public officials who are given directly by the state. Has special features that are different from other public officials. The position given by a Notary by issuing a legal product in the form of an authentic deed in providing services to the community. So that all legal products issued by a Notary have binding legal consequences because they can be used as evidence. Notaries are required to provide good services and good behavior. Notaries who have problems, such as being sentenced to temporary dismissal to dishonorable dismissal due to tripping over a bankruptcy case. This will affect the authentic deed he made. Second, the temporary dismissal of notaries involved in bankruptcy as stipulated in UUJN does not provide legal certainty and is considered vague. When referring to the Bankruptcy Law and PKPU, temporary dismissal sanctions cannot be applied because the bankrupt object is deemed not in accordance with this law, and notaries who are bankrupt under this law are not included in the legal subject matter of the Bankruptcy Law and PKUPU. Third, future arrangements regarding the temporary dismissal of a Notary due to being declared bankrupt have occurred disharmony in the application of the Bankruptcy Law and PKPU regulated in the UUJN. UUJN should pay attention to one of the principles applied in the Bankruptcy Law and PKPU, namely the principle of business continuity.


The effects of B2O3 additive on the microstructures, the phase formation and the microwave dielectric properties of MgTiO3–CaTiO3 ceramics were investigated. The sintering temperature of B2O3-doped 0.95MgTiO3–0.05CaTiO3 ceramics can be lowered to due to the liquid phase effect. Formation of second phase MgTi2O5 can be effectively restrained through the addition of B2O3. The microwave dielectric properties are found strongly correlated with the sintering temperature as well as the amount of B2O3 addition. At , 0.95MgTiO3–0.05CaTiO3 ceramics with 10 wt% B2O3 addition possesses a dielectric constant of 18.3, a Q×f value of 20,000 (at 7 GHz) and a value of −6.12 ppm/. In comparison with pure 0.95MgTiO3–0.05CaTiO3 ceramics, the doped sample shows not only a 22% loss reduction but also a lower sintering temperature. That makes it a very promising material to replace the present one for GPS patch antennas.


This paper conducts experimental research and theoretical analysis on the effect of cellulose particle motion on impulse breakdown in transformer oil. In the experiment, the spherically capped electrodes immersed in the bulk of the transformer oil are used to form a quasi-uniform electric field. The breakdown tests are carried out and the breakdown voltages for three cellulose contamination levels oil under four types of impulses, 1.4/50μs, 14/220μs, 80/850 μs and 240/2400 μs, are obtained. The experimental results show that both the impulse waveshape and cellulose contamination level have an effect on the breakdown of transformer oil. Longer impulse duration or higher cellulose contamination level of transformer oil can lead to the decrease of impulse breakdown voltage. Specifically, the effect of the high level cellulose contamination for U50% becomes much more significant under long-duration impulses. To verify the findings above, a numerical model is introduced for the cellulose particle dynamics in the transformer oil under these four kinds of impulses. Notably, the calculation result indicates the particles can accelerate with the action of the impulse, and particles can aggregate in concentrated area of the electric field in the oil gap with the action of the long-duration impulse. It is concluded that the particle motion can play a catalytic role in the impulse breakdown of the oil gap.


Face detection is a prerequisite of face recognition in many artificial intelligence systems. Because faces appear in different scales, illuminations, colors, orientations and different head poses in an image, fast and accurate detection remains a challenging task for profile faces or faces with perturbations such as shadows, glasses and beard. Therefore, our research concentrates on faces that are hard to detect with current algorithms [1]. Currently, major methods of face detection are based on maximum likelihood learning method, which is computationally efficient but might converge to suboptimal due to mismatch between its optimization criteria (parameter likelihood) and its actual goal of classification (label prediction accuracy) [2]. In contrast, Bayesian Network (BN) can reflect both the conditional independencies and dependencies among features of human face and therefore is more efficient and accurate [3].There are several algorithms to learn BN from data in an acceptable time and space complexity. Moreover, BN is robust to error or missing data. Therefore, we choose BN as our classification method.


We investigate a scenario in which feedback from black hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs) sometimes begins inside young star clusters before strong supernova (SN) feedback. Those BHXBs could reduce the gas fraction inside embedded young clusters while maintaining virial equilibrium, which may help globular clusters (GCs) to stay bound when SN-driven gas ejection subsequently occurs. Adopting a simple toy model with parameters guided by BHXB population models, we produce GC formation efficiencies consistent with empirically inferred values. The metallicity dependence of BHXB formation could naturally explain why GC formation efficiency is higher at lower metallicity. For reasonable assumptions about that metallicity dependence, our toy model can produce a GC metallicity bimodality in some galaxies without a bimodality in the field-star metallicity distribution.


Cadmium is a heavy metal that has been shown to manifest its toxicity in humans and animals. Many documented in vitro studies have shown that cadmium produces various genotoxic effects such as DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. Diseases like autoimmune thyroidism are thought to be caused, in large part, by overexposure to cadmium. Although there have been numerous studies examining the effects of cadmium in animal models and a few case studies involving communities where cadmium contamination has occurred, the mechanisms of the carcinogenic activity of cadmium is not clearly defined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate some of the molecular mechanisms that are involved in cadmium‐induced toxicity in human liver carcinoma (HepG 2 ) cells. To achieve this goal, we performed the MTT assay to measure cell viability. Annexin V assay and DNA fragmentation analysis were performed for early and late apoptosis, respectively. The result of MTT assay indicated that cadmium induces toxicity to HepG 2 cells in a dose‐dependent manner, showing a 24 h‐LD50 of 3.6 µg/mL cadmium chloride. Similarly, a strong dose‐response relationship ( p 2 cells. This cytotoxic effect may be mediated at least in part through phosphatidylserine externalization and occurrence of nucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A39.


One of the duties of the MER Managers is getting the consoles to review and sign Electronic Flight Notes (EFN) and Mission Action Requests (Chit) before they are due. Chits and EFNs and are accessible through the Mission Control Center - Houston (MCC-H) Gateway. Chits are the official means of documenting questions and answers, technical direction, real-time changes to Flight Rules (FR) and procedures, request for analysis, etc. between various consoles concerning on-orbit operations. EFNs are documents used by the Flight Control Team (FCT) to communicate precise details between console positions and manage real time changes to FR and Systems Operation Data File (SODF) procedures. On GMT 2013/345 the External Active Thermal Control System (EATCS) on the Columbus (COL) Moderate Temperature Loop (MTL) Interface Heat Exchanger (IFHX) shut down due to low temperatures. Over the next couple of days, the core temperature of COL MT IFHX dropped due to the failure of the Flow Control Valve (FCV). After the temperature drop was discovered, heaters were turned on to bring the temperatures back to nominal. After the incident occurred, a possible freeze threat was discovered that could have ruptured the heat exchanger. The COL MT IFHX rupturing would be considered a catastrophic failure and potentially result in a loss of the vehicle and/or the lives of the International Space Station (ISS) crew members


Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell) is the second most important cereal in India after rice. Due to its adaptation to wide agroclimatic conditions, it is most widely cultivated cereal crop and is stable food for a large proportion of world (Gupta et al., 2009). Though wheat is a cool season crop, many of the wheat growing areas are subjected to heat stress of development, which cause a reduction in yield (Kaushik et al., 2013). Grain yield, a main economic trait, is the sum total of the component characters. Thus the selection based on grain yield is usually not very successful but the one based on its component characters could be very effective. Proteins are the most important components of wheat grains governing end –use quality. Variation in both protein content and composition significantly modify flour quality for bread-making (Branlard et al., 2001). The knowledge of heritability helps in predicting the behavior of the succeeding generation and making desirable selections. Morphological traits have been studied for determine a suitable selection criterion for wheat breeding (Marti et al., 2007). Therefore, there is enough scope to increase genetic gain in yield through suitable changes in harvest index, coupled to International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 04 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


A simple potential mapping is used to show that tunneling through a single barrier, as in Schottky-barrier tunneling or source-to-drain tunneling in MOSFETs, cannot give rise to subthreshold swings below the thermionic limit (60 mV/decade at room temperature). While cognizant of the difficulty of proving a negative, it is thus highly unlikely that Schottky-barrier tunneling alone can result in reported instances of subthreshold swings that are less than 60 mV/decade.


The rise and spread of English as a language of international communication is discussed through an analysis of two bodies of data: languages used in twenty‐nine International Geographical Congresses (1871–2000); and utilization of supplementary abstracts or text in international languages in geographical periodicals and serials, from initial use of English in 1882 to widespread use of it in 2002. Five stages in the use of English are recognized: 1) no use of English; 2) provision of abstracts in English; 3) occasional inclusion of articles in English; 4) publication of special issues in English, particularly for international meetings; and 5) a shift to English as the basic language of the text. English provides a window into the geographical literature; but it is only a window, not the full panorama of the richly diverse geographical literature in the six main languages that have been used in International Geographical Congresses and in the fifty‐five languages that have been used in geographical serials.


Calculations required for the design of a transition (spiral) curve are often facilitated by the use of tables that give the elements of the curve for selected values of length and minimum radius of the transition. The use of such tables can be dispensed with and the design done more simply by the use of a master curve called the unit curve. The elements of the unit curve are developed and listed in this paper. Every element (linear dimension) of a field highway transition, including the tangent distance, is obtained from the corresponding element of the unit curve as a multiple of the characteristic constant of the field curve. This characteristic constant is 2RL, in which R = minimum radius, and L = length of the transition. The design of a transition thus becomes a matter of picking up the listed values of the unit curve for the required elements and multiplying by the characteristic constant of the field curve. An example is included to explain the procedure.


Electrodeposition method was used to plate the surface of diamond with nickel.The effects of electroplating current on deposition rate of nickel plating on diamond surface,nickel plating layer density and impact toughness were discussed.The surface morphology of nickel coating was observed,and the compressive strength of nickel plated diamond was also discussed.The experimental results demonstrated that when plating current rose from 2Ato 6A,the diamond′s nickel plating rate,impact toughness and compressive strength all increased as the current rose,and reached their maximum value at current of 6A.The diamond surface coating became more uniform and the plating leakage reduced.Electroplating current could affect the bath temperature,which determined coating density.The microscopic strain of nickel plating layer was smallest and coating density achieved its maximum when the bath temperature was 50 ℃.


This article records my interview with one of the foremost American experts on the Middle East, Ambassador Daniel Kurtzer, who served as an ambassador to both Cairo and Jerusalem. The interview covers major peace junctions: Oslo, Camp David and Taba. It also reflects on the Saudi peace initiative and on Hamas. The article assesses the positive and negative aspects, lessons and implications of the peace process.


Despite an increase in life expectancy in today's rapidly ageing society, unhealthy life years still make up a big portion of a person's life. Digital innovations in health and care services need to be scaled up to enable more citizens to access and lead healthy, active and independent lives while ageing. Under the EU funded ScaleAHA study, a twinning scheme was conducted to scale up ICT solutions in active and healthy ageing. Forty-three organisations from thirteen European countries have successfully participated in financed twinning actions ranging from knowledge exchange and training to full adoption and acquisition of an innovative practice. Twinning topics included EHRs, ePrescription solutions, integrated health and social care ICT service platforms, and homecare and telemonitoring solutions, among others. The twinning scheme was a new concept that aimed to de-risk investment in innovative ICT solutions by financing small but concrete ideas with high potential for replicability and scaling up. The twinnings led to benefits for the participating organisations themselves as well as various stakeholders such as patients and their carers, healthcare providers and regional authorities. This paper presents the results and lessons learnt from the twinning scheme and recommendations to further refine future twinning actions.


Purified fraction (ethyl acetate:chloroform; 3:1) of methanolic extract of Azadirachta indica seed coat showed antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Curvularia lunata with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250 ppm. Among the four extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol) of leaves of Azadirachta indica, petroleum ether extract was found to be antifungal at 1000 ppm.


Firstly,based on the characters of space communication,this study improves a class of regular quasi-cyclic LDPC codes which is based on circulant matrices and obtains a kind of irregular quasi-cyclic LDPC codes.Compared with original codes,the parity check matrix called H of this irregular LDPC ensemble has three characters:1.H is row full rank;2.H is lower triangulation; 3.H contains degree one variable nodes.With the first two characters,the encoding complexity of computation and architecture of this kind of LDPC are proportion to the length of check symbols,so encoders implemented with software and hardware are quite simple.This feature is very important to deep space communication because the resource on board is constrained.The third character makes the iterative decoding threshold lower than the original codes.Moreover,the computer simulation has proved this result.Secondly,the proof for the condition of girth not shorter than 6 is simplifed compared to the original ones.Last,the computing formula is derived for parity check symbols of systemic codes.Based on this formula,the encoding circuit has been investigated using shift registers.


The traditional reliability test of hydraulic components is time-consuming and low efficiency with high energy consumption, so we propose a novel parallel energy-saving reliability test method to improve the performance. By increasing the sample type and sample size of the single reliability test, the test time can be shortened and the energy can be recycled for many times. The design considerations of the parallel reliability test device are summarized at the end of the article. The experiment results indicate that the test time and the power loss of the parallel energy-saving reliability test device are greatly decreased, and it has large application value.


A method for controlling data access with an RFID device (230) is disclosed. Thereby, before the RFID device (230) communicates with the RFID reader (210b), the RFID reader (210b) authenticates itself to the RFID device 230. The RFID device (230) is provided with a function (237) that cannot be physically cloned, and when receiving a predetermined challenge signal (C1, C2), a response signal (R1, R2) that is unique but cannot be predicted. ) Is generated. During recording of the RFID device, a first response signal (R1) uniquely associated with the first challenge signal (C1) is stored in the memory (238) of the RFID device (230). The first challenge signal (C1) represents a password for initiating further data communication with the RFID device (230). When the RFID reader interrogates the RFID device (230) with the second challenge signal (C2), the RFID device (230) compares the corresponding response signal R2 with the response (R1) stored during recording. Only when they match, it responds with its own identifier (ID).


A new approach that involves parametric fitting of 3-D scattered field with electromagnetic simulation, Fourier domain normalization, and uncertainties analysis is presented to rigorously analyze 3-D through-focus optical images of targets that scatter a continuum of frequency components


In order to investigate the relationship between quality and polyphenols content of cigarettes, 6 kinds of polyphenols in 17 brands of Virginia type cigarettes and 6 brands of blended type cigarettes were determined by (reverse-)phase high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that: 1) higher grade or higher smoking quality tended towards higher content of total or major polyphenols in tested domestic Virginia type cigarettes; 2) the content of polyphenols in blended type cigarettes was lower than that in Virginia type cigarettes; 3) the content of polyphenols in 4 domestic blended cigarettes was higher than that in 2 imported blended cigarettes; and 4) the neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid and rutin were major polyphenols in these determined cigarettes, chlorogenic acid accounted for about 60% of total polyphenols. It was concluded that the content of polyphenols in cigarettes might be related to the type, grade and production area of cigarettes, the variation of total polyphenols in cigarettes could be well represented by the sum of the contents of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid and rutin, even by chlorogenic acid alone.


The level mixing spectroscopy method has been applied to measure the static quadrupole moments of six isomeric states in {sup 213}Fr, {sup 212}Fr, and {sup 211}Fr ({ital Z}=87). For isomers with the proton configuration {pi}{ital h}{sub 9/2}{sup 4}{ital i}{sub 13/2} a large increase of the quadrupole moment was observed with the removal of neutrons from the closed {ital N}=126 core: {ital Q}(29/2{sup +},{sup 213}Fr)={minus}70(7) {ital e} fm{sup 2}, {ital Q}(15{sup {minus}},{sup 212}Fr)={minus}80(12) {ital e} fm{sup 2}, and {ital Q}(29/2{sup +},{sup 211}Fr)={minus}107(18) {ital e} fm{sup 2}. Quadrupole moments for very high spin states were also measured: {ital Q}(65/2{sup {minus}},{sup 213}Fr)={minus}219(53) {ital e} fm{sup 2}, {ital Q}(27{sup {minus}},{sup 212}Fr)={minus}152(31) {ital e} fm{sup 2}, and {ital Q}(45/2{sup {minus}},{sup 211}Fr) ={minus}198(56) {ital e} fm{sup 2}. The observed values are in good agreement with shell-model calculations, but are lower than that predicted using the deformed-independent particle model. The implantation behavior of Fr in a Tl host is also discussed.


Purpose: Vestibulo-ocular Reflex is the main vision stabilizing system during rapid head movements. In keeping the eyes still during head motion which is referred to as the gaze stability, the VOR has a censorious role. Loss of this vestibular function produces instability of gaze which worsens on motion and activity. Vestibular rehabilitation is one of the treatment modalities for patients with vestibular insufficiency. These exercises include gaze stability, central programming and balance exercise. Here this study is an instrument-based study and this device focuses on visually tracking, using smooth pursuit eye movements on a moving object. It shall not only provide a combined gaze stability adaptive exercise but it will also provide various progressions and biofeedback to the patients. Methods: An interventional study, with a sum of 30 participants having significant vestibular hypofunction or dysfunction who voluntarily participated in the study. It was a comparative study and it took place in Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences deemed to be University, Karad city in Maharashtra, India. 6 months was the total time span required to complete this trial. Consecutive sampling with random allocation was done. Those fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited and divided into two groups: control and interventional. Results and Conclusion: Vestibular dysfunction significantly affected the quality of life and lead to serious disability. Virtual mode of rehabilitation training by tracking the object with the eye, built interest and motivated the patient to regularly exercise as well as to perform smooth eye movements with lower range of saccades.


behavior and contemporary law; 2. The system of general clauses and the ethical prism of the Brazilian Civil Code of 2002 – the so-called Code of Judges; 3. The Civil Code, the Federal Constitution and its ethical evaluation before the Brazilian normative system; a) The principle of social function of contracts x the principle of contractual autonomy; b) The principle of social function of contracts x the principle of extrapolation of effects between parties; c) The principle of social function of contracts x the principle of equivalence of perfomances; 3.2. Objective good-faith in contracts. A BSTRACT : The ethical values permeate the normative tissue of the Brazilian Civil Code of 2002; especially in contractual matters, this value judgment is very visible and well demarked in the guiding principles of contemporary contracts, being evident that the principle of the contract's social function and the principle of objective good faith reflect the application of constitutional values on contracts. K


This letter reports the photoluminescence (PL) properties of N‐doped ZnSe epilayers grown by molecular‐beam epitaxy using a microwave plasma source for N doping. The temperature dependence of PL spectra from N‐doped ZnSe epilayers with different net acceptor concentrations is described in detail. The emission due to transition from deep donors to free holes (DdF) is observed from highly N‐doped ZnSe epilayers at high temperatures, which gives a direct evidence for the formation of a deep N‐associated donor. The ionization energy for a deep N‐associated donor is estimated as 55±5 meV from comparison of the temperature dependence of the DdF emission energy with that of the free exciton energy.


care research in that these populations can be related to health care delivery systems with comparative ease. At the present time Executive Councils maintain age/sex registers for individual practitioners but, so far, few of the latter have carried this to the point ofmapping their practices in spite of the fact that such maps can help in management and planning and can be compiled easily and quickly. By way of illustration, and to demonstrate the possible implications of such


We give a simple combinatorial criterion allowing to recognize whether a string (or, more generally, a special biserial) algebra is a laura algebra or not. We also show that a special biserial algebra is laura if and only if it has a finite number of isomorphism classes of indecomposable modules which have projective dimension and injective dimension greater than or equal to two, solving a conjecture ok Skowronski for special biserial algebras.


Ternary PtPdCu alloy concave nanooctahedra (ACNOs) are synthesized by a facile "one-pot, two-step" method from PtCu nanodendrites. The as-prepared PtPdCu ACNOs show superior electrocatalytic activity and durability for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) compared with binary PtCu alloy nanodendrites and commercial Pt black.


Poor health often motivates people to engage in religious and spiritual approaches to healing. However, there is limited research on such experiences from a northern European perspective. This article investigates healing experiences related to Christian faith and practices in Norway by thematic analysis of 25 semi-structured interviews with individuals who have experienced healing of different ailments. In so doing, healing events across diverse contexts are characterised, and the results show that such experiences not only feature practices in which other people are present in prayer, preaching, and the laying on of hands, but also spontaneous extraordinary encounters with a divine being through visions and voices. The healing events are further described as experiences of transformational, powerful touch. In light of the lived body theory, these transformational experiences can be understood as re-inscriptions of health that are manifested in the intertwined bio–psycho–social–spiritual aspects of the body.


A series of experiments were carried out in 1954 and 1955 designed to investigate the effects of MCPA and 2,4-D applied at different stages of growth to grasses grown for seed. Single, spaced plants were sprayed at the rate of 1·5 lb. a.e. per acre with 2,4-D amine in 1954 and with 2,4-D amine and ester and MCPA ester in 1955. The development of the grass growing point was used as a criterion of the developmental stages at which the plants were sprayed.

Some treatments caused abnormal types of growth. S.23 perennial ryegrass and S.143 cocksfoot developed ear malformations, S.53 meadow fescue had leaf and ear malformations, while S.51 timothy showed leaf, stem and ear abnormalities.

Leaf malformations developed only after spraying when the growing points showed vegetative primordia while ear abnormalities usually appeared after treatment at most early stages of development. Stem malformation in timothy occurred after spraying at all stages in 1954, but only at the vegetative stages in 1955.

The percentage of abnormal ears in a random sample of tillers in all but one case fell as the growing point developed and most damage occurred after treatment when the apex was at the vegetative stage. Normally, treatment when glume ridges were visible on the apex produced no significant difference between the number of abnormal ears in the treated and untreated plots.

The results suggest that the chemicals act on that part of the apex which is just beginning its development but is not yet visible as a protuberance on the apex.

The type of abnormalities occurring in grasses as a result of spraying with growth regulating weedkillers is similar to those found in cereals after similar treatment.

Provided that the chemicals are applied in the 4 to 5 weeks prior to ear emergence the amount of malformation occurring in the grasses will be small.


In 2009, Beck et al. [1] identified the M-type phospholipase receptor (PLA2R) as major antigen involved in membranous nephropathy. Antibodies against this protein, which is expressed on podocytes, were present in 70% of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. The role of PLA2R was supported by a genome-wide association study that found an association between the PLA2R gene and the development of membranous nephropathy. However, proof of the pathogenicity of PLA2Rantibodies (PLA2Rab) is lacking in the absence of an appropriate animal model (mice and rats do not express PLA2R on podocytes). Still, the discovery of PLA2Rab and the subsequent development of a commercial qualitative immunofluorescence test (IFT) boasted clinical research. Many studies confirmed the presence of PLA2Rab in up to 80% of patients with membranous nephropathy. The presence of PLA2Rab is very specific for membranous nephropathy, thus allowing to diagnose membranous nephropathy without the need for kidney biopsy [2]. The development of quantitative ELISA assays (in house and commercial) stimulated studies that evaluated the role of antibody levels in predicting disease outcome. The data were promising and indeed suggested that measurement of PLA2Rab might be of added value. Patients with high antibody levels at baseline were unlikely to develop spontaneous remission [3]. Similarly, in a study of rituximab treatment high antibody levels were associated with poor response [4]. Many studies provided support for the notion that PLA2Rab levels could predict outcome. Unfortunately, most studies were retrospective, biased, and of limited size. Zhang et al. [5] evaluated the value of the presence and the level of PLA2Rab to predict disease outcome in a large patient cohort, who were followed up at Peking University first Hospital. The study included 359 patients, recruited in the period from January 2004 to December 2016. The authors conclude that both the presence as well as the level of PLA2Rab were independent predictors of remission. At first sight, these data derived from an unprecedented large patient cohort support implementation of quantitative measurement of PLA2Rab in clinical practice. However, a cautious note is needed, and early conclusions are not allowed. The manuscript clearly illustrates the difficulties of PLA2Rab predictor studies in membranous nephropathy.


The prospects for 24 hour commuter flights to the Moon, similar to that portrayed in 2001: A Space Odyssey but on a more Spartan scale, are examined using two near term, high leverage technologies: liquid oxygen (LOX)-augmented nuclear thermal rocket (NTR) propulsion and lunar-derived oxygen (LUNOX) production. Iron-rich volcanic glass, or orange soil, discovered during the Apollo 17 mission to Taurus-Littrow, has produced a 4 percent oxygen yield in recent NASA experiments using hydrogen reduction. LUNOX development and utilization would eliminate the need to transport oxygen supplies from Earth and is expected to dramatically reduce the size, cost and complexity of space transportation systems. The LOX-augmented NTR concept (LANTR) exploits the high performance capability of the conventional liquid hydrogen (LH2)-cooled NTR and the mission leverage provided by LUNOX in a unique way. LANTR utilizes the large divergent section of its nozzle as an afterburner into which oxygen is injected and supersonically combusted with nuclear preheated hydrogen emerging from the engine's choked sonic throat, essentially scramjet propulsion in reverse. By varying the oxygen-to-hydrogen mixture ratio, the LANTR engine can operate over a wide range of thrust and specific impulse (Isp) values while the reactor core power level remains relatively constant. The thrust augmentation feature of LANTR means that big engine performance can be obtained using smaller, more affordable, easier to test NTR engines. The use of high-density LOX in place of low density LH2 also reduces hydrogen mass and tank volume resulting in smaller space vehicles. An implementation strategy and evolutionary lunar mission architecture is outlined which requires only Shuttle C or in-line Shuttle-derived launch vehicles, and utilizes conventional NTR-powered lunar transfer vehicles (LTVs), operating in an expendable mode initially, to maximize delivered surface payload on each mission. The increased payload is dedicated to installing modular LUNOX production units with the intent of supplying LUNOX to lunar landing vehicles (LLVs) and then LTVs at the earliest possible opportunity. Once LUNOX becomes available in low lunar orbit (LLO), monopropellant NTRs would be outfitted with an oxygen propellant module, feed system and afterburner nozzle for bipropellant operation. Transition to a reusable mission architecture now occurs with smaller, LANTR-powered LTVs delivering ~400% more payload on each piloted round trip mission than earlier expendable all LH2 NTR systems. As initial lunar outposts grow to eventual lunar settlements and LUNOX production capacity increases, the LANTR concept can enable a rapid commuter shuttle capable of 24 hour one way trips to and from the Moon. A vast deposit of iron-rich volcanic glass beads identified at just one candidate site located at the southeastern edge of Mare Serenitatis could supply sufficient LUNOX to support daily commuter flights to the Moon for the next 9000 years!


The terrestrial yeasts have been receiving great attention in science and industry as they are good source of bioactive substances. Yeasts are rich source of proteins, amino acids, vitamins, polysaccharides, fatty acids, phospholipids, polyamines, astaxanthines, betacarotene, trehalose, glucans and mannans. They produce lipase, chitinase, amylase, phytase, protease, killer toxins etc. Beer and Wine industries which use the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae had an yearly turnover of 100 billion dollars and created 10 million jobs all over the world. At present bioactive substances mainly come from terrestrial yeasts (Kurtzman and Fell, 1998; Dijken, 2002). Till now little is known about the bioactive substances from marine yeasts. Recently, it has been found that marine yeasts could produce bioactive substances with potential application in mariculture, food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical industries and environmental protection (Zhenming et al., 2006).


Abstract : A brief summary is presented of the research conducted. Details of the work are reported in earlier reports. The scope of this program has included magnetogasdynamic, electrochemical, and thermoelectric studies. In addition to a summary of the research work, 22 technical papers and ten theses, generating from this work, are listed.


Nucleotide sequence encoding a protein corn transglutaminase activity and usage. The invention provides a DNA molecule from maize and encoding a protein with TGase activity as well as a gene expression vector comprising this DNA molecule. A further object of this invention is the use of said DNA molecule or vector to produce transformed capable of expressing recombinant proteins with TGase activity, or to introduce said encoding sequence of a protein with TGase activity into plant cells cells. The cells of microorganisms and the resulting transgenic plants also constitute additional objects of this invention. In addition, these proteins with TGase activity expressed from said DNA sequences can be employed, among other uses, handling, processing and food processing.


These are troubled times for all educators and educational systems. Anyone who teaches must feel under attack from many directions and we are often faced with the ugly fact that an attempt to reach a reasonable rapprochement with one group of critics will infuriate another. An unfortunate consequence of the general turmoil in education is the danger that attempts to conduct new experiments of limited scope may be lost in general chaos. Our subject for discussion in this meeting is important, because the teaching of chemistry is likely to remain one of the significant functions of the university. However, nothing that we can do within chemistry can in itself save the universities from either internal decay or destruction by the most violent revisionists. I believe that our wisest course is to press for changes in the teaching of chemistry, because they are needed to increase the vitality and efficiency of the learning process. On these grounds alone we can find plenty of need for constructive change. I will restrict my discussion to undergraduate instructional programmes, because these seem to me to have the most serious problems. This does not imply that all is well in postgraduate study. Indeed, I believe that successful revision of our undergraduate instruction may lead ultimately to focus of attention on studies leading to higher degrees. Our principal objective must be to inform students about the field of chemistry so that they can either work in the field or gain useful appreciation of modern chemistry if they choose other professions. This learning should ideally be accomplished by some perfect combination of conventional teaching and self-teaching by the students. This is another area which we might accord intensive discussion, since the classic forms of teaching are clearly being exposed as a relatively ineffective means of education. However, I again choose the narrow path and will concentrate on subject matter. Other facets of the problem may seem more glamorous, but there is really no sense in teaching chemistry at all unless the subject matter is chosen


This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different bone attachment levels and occlusal loads on the stress distribution pattern of maxillary premolars with or without non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL), before and after restoration with composite resin by three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. From the healthy model, NCCL models were produced and the cavity was restored with composite resin. Models with vertical and horizontal bone loss were also made. For each model, three types of occlusal loads were simulated (100 N): vertical load (VL), buccal load (BL), and palatal load (PL). After processing the models, the data were obtained in MPa for the criteria of Maximum Principal Stress (for all structures) and Minimum Principal Stress (for cortical and medullary bones). Stress values were collected for a node on the cervical buccal surface (Maximum Principal Stress) and the buccal crestal bone (Minimum Principal Stress). As a result, the different bone attachment levels did not affect stress distribution at the amelodentinal junction. The buccal load promoted a higher concentration of compressive stress on the buccal bone surface and the palatal load resulted in greater tensile stress in the buccal cervical third of the tooth. The concentration of tensile stress in the buccal cervical third was exacerbated by the presence of NCCL and it was similar to the healthy and restored models. It can be concluded that stress concentration at the bone level does not depend on the presence or absence of NCCL and the restoration procedure but it is related to the type of occlusal load. However, the presence of NCCL promoted a higher stress concentration in the cervical region, especially when combined with oblique occlusal loads.


iv 1.0 Background 1 2.0 Study Goal 3 2.1 Study Objectives 3 3.0 Significance of the Study 4 4.0 Study Methodology 5 4.1 Study Area 5 4.2 Survey # 1: Farm Interviews -Conservation Practices In Place 5 4.3 Survey # 2: Farm Interviews -Farmers With Erosion Problems 7 4.4 Survey # 3: Random Mail-out Survey 7 4.5 Assessment of Perceptions and Attitudes of Professionals 9 5.0 Findings 10 5.1 Survey # 1: Farm Interviews -Conservation Practices In Place 10 5.1.1 Sod-based Crop Rotation 10 5.1.2 Conservation Tillage 11 5.1.3 Buffer Strips 15 5.1.4 Grassed Waterways 16 5.1.5 Tree Windbreaks 18 5.1.6 Controlled Livestock Access 19 5.1.7 Drain Protection 20 Table of


Objective: To explore the influence of the global structural determinants and theirpathways of action on health disparities and social exclusion, drawing on findings fromresearch with four different population groups in an Arab context. We use a socioecologicalframework to categorise these determinants into levels to allow an in-depthlook into their pathways of action on social exclusion and inequalities.Methods: We use findings from an ethnographic study on Palestinian and Iraqirefugees in Lebanon; a qualitative research study on women's needs for labour supportin three public hospitals in Egypt, Lebanon and Syria; and counselling experiences withuniversity scholarship recipients in Lebanon. These findings were revisited using asocial exclusion lens.Results: Global forces, such as modernism, inequitable foreign policies of resettlementcountries, over-medicalization of health care, modern educational systems and armedconflicts fueled by global vested interests interact to cause and exacerbate socialexclusion. Palestinian refugees relate their experiences of discrimination in what isperceived to be a hostile society to policies reducing their education and employmentopportunities. Delays in processing resettlement applications of Iraqi refugees and thelack of power over the choice of resettlement countries are a source of reported stressand anxiety. Over-medicalization of maternity care disrupts the traditional ways ofgiving birth surrounded with family through policies and practices restricting labourcompanionship, resulting in the isolation and silencing of women during childbirth.Scholarship students reported inadvertent exclusion from their families, societies andcolleagues. Scrutiny of the findings and re-examination of the data reveals theimportance of global structural determinants in explaining the patterns of exclusionreported for the population groups observed.Conclusion: Expanding the ecological framework of determinants of social exclusion atthe level of wider social/structural determinants is necessary to improve ourunderstanding of social exclusion in impoverished and war affected places around theworld.


Parton distributions in the virtual photon target are investigated in perturbative QCD up to the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). In the case Λ2 P2 Q2, where Q2 ( P2) is the mass squared of the probe (target) photon, parton distributions are predicted completely up to the NNLO, but they are factorization-scheme-dependent. We analyze parton distributions in two different factorization schemes, namely MS and DISγ schemes, and discuss their scheme dependence. We show that the factorization-scheme dependence is characterized by the large-x behaviors of quark distributions in the virtual photon. Gluon distribution is predicted to be very small in absolute value except in the small-x region.


A 36-kDa trypsin inhibitor was purified from Clostridium botulinum type E culture supernatant by multiple molecular sieve and ion exchange chromatographic steps. The sequence of the amino-terminal 13 amino acid residues of this single-chain protein is Asn.Gln.Glu.Val.Phe.Asn.Met.Pro.Lys.Phe.Ser.Thr.Ala-. This novel protein that also inhibits chymotrypsin is produced by an organism that does not appear to produce any protease.


In sub-Saharan Africa approximately 125,000 extension workers hold either certificates or diplomas. Only about 25,000 hold degrees from universities. Many start their careers in extension with a weak understanding of agricultural science and the strategies to transfer education to farmers. This study assessed the Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education (SAFE) program regarding the perceived job competence of mid-career extension staff that completed the SAFE initiated BS agricultural extension degree at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. Also assessed were the perceptions of extension staff supervisors regarding the job competence of their extension staff. University of Cape Coast extension faculty perceptions regarding the SAFE program was also investigated. A descriptive research method was used. The study revealed that 42 extension staff and their supervisors gave a high ranking to program implementation, followed by a "good" ranking to program planning, maintaining professionalism, and teaching. Twenty-two extension staff assessed without their supervisors also ranked program implementation highest. These results suggest that extension staff and supervisors view program implementation and program planning competence to be of great significance to the extension service in Ghana as-well-as clientele served. Extension staff increased their level of confidence and understanding in applying various job requirements as a result of attending the SAFE BS extension degree program. University faculty participating in the study indicated the SAFE program had strengthened the department's outreach initiative, adaptation of research, and teaching methods which resulted in a more diverse curriculum delivery mode. Faculty indicated an improved field experience for both faculty and extension staff.


Summary Day to day increase in frequency and complexity of modern systems of telecommunications, information transmission, transportation and distribution give rise to reliability problems. These networks usually have large numbers of computers and each computer is connected by dozens of other computers/terminals. The network, being a large number of computers attached to each other and multiple transmission paths among them cause data transmission congestion and hence delays. Due to this, it becomes difficult for a network to have maintained a reliable operational status. Keeping in view the criticality of each transmission path, a simulator is developed to estimate the reliability of communication network.


Recent discoveries indicate the existence of man, at least of some animal given to chipping stones, for hundreds of thousands of years upon this earth. This almost infinite extension of the course of human events into the so-called prehistoric ages makes the recorded past so insignificant a fraction of the whole, that it must not be wondered at if now and again a historian slips his leash and wanders out into the open fields of anthropological sociology, where time and space are at his free disposal, and all the phenomena of life from anthropoidal apes to the latest prodigy in one of our colleges find a den or a home. Such excursions are not without a certain danger for the mere student of history, but the spirit of adventure is not entirely dead, even among those whose lives are spent in the ascetic disciplines of that monkish subject. It is frankly in the spirit of adventure that I make bold tonight to take up before you what I suppose is the largest subject in human history-magic. It was the science and religion combined, much of the art, and most of the mode of thinking of our race for those vast stretches of centuries that we so lightly term the prehistoric. It is still the most important basis of actionl and of belief for millions of human beings, and has, as I hope to show, penetrated European history in such vital ways as to modify the structure of both church and state, dominate a large part of the philosophy, and affect the progress of science. Clothed in other forms it has enshrined itself in the most sacred association of many a person here present. It is incredible that so vital a subject should have so long escaped satisfactory treatment. But the incredible is true. For there is not an exhaustive description or analysis of magic-


A popular book with designers and teachers of jewelery making, this book is a major survey of 140 of the most innovative international jewelr designers who use natural as well as synthetic materials.


Submitted for the MAR07 Meeting of The American Physical Society Granular Flow in a Rotating Drum: Dry vs. Submerged Flow DENIZ ERTAS, HUBERT E. KING, ARNOLD KUSHNICK, FUPING ZHOU, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering, CHRISTOPHER BRISCOE, Levich Institute, City College of New York, PAUL CHAIKIN, New York University — We have experimentally studied granular flows in a cylindrical rotating drum, half-filled with nearly monodisperse spherical glass particles in order to investigate the effect of interstitial fluid on these flows. We have conducted two classes of experiments under otherwise identical conditions: The first with air as interstitial fluid and the second where the empty space in the cylinder was completely filled with water. For varying rotation rates, we used a particle tracking method to measure particle velocities near the side wall as a function of distance from the flow surface and the surface velocity as a function of distance from the side wall. In all cases, the velocity (relative to rigid rotational motion) initially decreases linearly from its surface value, followed by exponential decay, as a function of increasing distance from the surface. At a given rotation angle (i.e. overall flux), subaqueous flows exhibit more dissipation and therefore result in steeper surface slopes, a lower strain rate and deeper flows. The effect of the interstitial fluid weakens as rotation rate is lowered, resulting in the same slope in the limit of no rotation, i.e., angle of repose. Deniz Ertas ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Date submitted: 16 Nov 2006 Electronic form version 1.4


The paper examines the timing of exit from the interwar gold-exchange standard for a panel of European countries, based on monthly data over the period January 1928 December 1936. I show that exit from gold can be understood in terms of a trade-off between a limited set of factors commonly suggested in the theoretical literature on currency crises. A simple and parsimonious econometric framework that nests various hypotheses allows me to predict the month of exit in the 1930s, except for France. I consider the separate cases of France and Poland to show my results shed light on country-specific debates.


The structure of the semiclassical trace formula can be used to construct a quasi-classical evolution operator whose spectrum has a one-to-one correspondence with the semiclassical quantum spectrum. We illustrate this for marginally unstable integrable and non-integrable billiards and demonstrate its utility by quantizing them using arbitrary non-periodic trajectories.


The preset study was designed to ascertain the effects of temporal relationship of circadian neural oscillations on puberty attainment and reproductive growth of Japances Quail,Coturnix coturnix japonica,Serotonin and dopamine precursors(5-hydroxytryptophan,5-HTP and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine,L-DOPA,5mg/100g body weight)were injected daily,8and 12h apart in two groups of one-day ld chick,while cotrols received two daily injections of normal saline.Weekly/biweekly observations(body weight,cloacal gland size,testicular volume and activity,ovarian follicular diameter and rate of egg production)were made until 9 weeks of age,when the experiment was terminated.Results indicate that 8 h relationship completely suppressed gonadal growth even under long photoperiod(LD16:8),while a 12 h relationship induced precocious sexual maturity and increased the rate of reproductin(spermatogenesis and egg production).It is concluded that circadian phase relationship of serotonergic and dopaminergic activity may not only determine the onset of reproduction in this pultry species,but may also alter the rate of reproduction possibly by affecting photoperiodic mechanism of reproductive regulation.


https://e-kcj.org Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a group of diseases characterized by high pressure in the pulmonary arteries, leading to remodeling of the right ventricle. The most common initial symptoms of PH are exertional dyspnea and fatigue. Symptoms related to right heart disease, such as peripheral edema, abdominal pain with hepatic congestion, exertional syncope, or chest pain, may also appear. If left untreated, right ventricular failure progresses and can lead to death. Currently, a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of more than 20 mmHg measured by right heart catheterization at rest is defined as PH.1) This is different from the prior threshold of 25 mmHg or greater in acknowledgment of patients with a mean pulmonary artery pressure of 21 mmHg to 24mmHg have a higher risk of hospitalization and mortality compared to 20 mmHg or lower.2) Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a 1 of the 5 groups of clinical classifications of PH. Mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than 20 mmHg, pulmonary artery wedge pressure of 15 mmHg or less, and pulmonary vascular resistance of at least 3 Wood units are the criteria for PAH (Group 1 PH).1) Despite the advances in the management of PAH, delayed diagnosis and the idea of untreatable PAH have made it difficult to treat this condition efficiently, and individuals with PAH continue to have a poor prognosis.


A few patients with hyperthyroidism are resistant to the conventional antithyroid medications. In several trials, cholestyramine has been used to sequester thyroid hormones in the intestine and when added as an adjuvant treatment to the conventional antithyroid drugs, leading to a more rapid decline in thyroid hormone levels. The objective of this study is to present a case of resistant graves' disease that respond well to the adjunctive oral cholestyramine and to discusses the safety and efficacy of this adjunctive medication.
Here we report a 27-year-old female patient with Graves' disease who complained of thyrotoxicosis symptoms for 18 months that not responded even to a high dose of a combination therapy of Neomercazol, Propranolol and Prednisolone. On presentation, her T4 was 19.3 (4.9 – 11.0 \(\mu\)g/mL). We administer an oral cholestyramine (5g twice daily) as adjunctive therapy. After 1 week, the patient shows dramatic response, her T4 level became 10.6 (4.9 – 11.0 \(\mu\)g/mL). Total thyroidectomy has been done after another one week of same treatment combination. The postoperative course was passed smoothly without complications.


New research has emerged detailing the potential risks of forgiveness for couples as well as its benefits (McNulty, 2008, 2010, & 2011). Given the lack of research conducted on the perspective of the offending partner within the forgiveness process, this mixed method study examines the couple's experience of the forgiveness and reconciliation process in the face of multiple, similar offenses. Though no support was found for the risks of forgiveness as proposed by McNulty (2011), factors that influenced the satisfaction of couples and the forgiveness process include self esteem, attachment, and spirituality. These factors, as well as the results from the qualitative interviews regarding inter-partner forgiveness, are


Objective To observe the clinical effect of compound huangdai tablets,all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA) and chemotherapy sequentially treating acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL) after complete remission.Method Twenty-five cases of APL after complete remission were treated with DA plan(Daunorubicin and Cytosine arabinoside) first for two duration of therapy,then compound huangdai tablets,ATRA and chemothrapy of routine dosage were sequentially administered monthly for three years.For those who had remissed continuously for three years,therapy plan was rearranged according to PML/RARα fusion gene.Results Twenty-five cases were all alive and the relapse rate was 8.0%.Conclusion Compound huangdai tablets,ATRA and chemotherapy sequentially administered for treating APL after remission is a good therapy and has fewer side effects.


PowerPoint presentation and curriculum vitae of Prof Duncan Mitchell. This Arnold Theiler Memorial Lecture was delivered on August 22, 2019 at the University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Onderstepoort. Professor Duncan Mitchell is is Emeritus Professor of Physiology at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, and Honorary Professorial Research Fellow
in its Brain Function Research Group, from which he retired
as director in 2006. He is also Adjunct Professor in the School of Human Sciences
at the University of Western Australia, Perth.


Surface contamination introduced by deburring electrical contacts with mineral silicon (SiO/sub 2/), will affect the contact spot in different ways by varying the arcing properties. Those factors which affect contact resistance were investigated. The investigation demonstrated that contact spot degradation was caused by absorption of organic vapors during switching, rather than decomposition of the mineral silicon (SiO/sub 2/) on the surface of fine silver rivets. This degradation mechanism may be reduced by sustaining an arc at switching currents of 2, 5 and 10 amps at 12.5 VDC. Furthermore, increasing the contact force from 50 grams (0.5 N) to 100 grams (1 N) produced significant reduction in the kinetics of the degradation mechanism in the contact spot at low switching currents (2 amps). The degradation of the contact spot during switching was explained as interactions among mineral silicon (SiO/sub 2/) concentration on the rivet's surface, arcing properties and contact force used during switching.


Objective To explore the temperament characteristic of children combined with retinopathy of prematurity aged 3years old,and provide a reference for clinical early intervention. Method A total of 46children combined with retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)were tested by Carry infants' Temperament Questionnaire at 3years old,another 46children as control group. Results The types of temperament in children combined with ROP were difficult nurturing and intermediate partial difficult nurturing,there were significant differences in temperament dimensions including adaptation,persistence,reaction threshold between the children combined with ROP and control group(P0.05). Conclusion The temperament of children combined ROP has special characters.


Filchneria amabilis (Jewett, 1958) is recognized as a species of Zhiltzovaia Özdikmen, 2008 with the valid name Zhiltzovaia amabilis (Jewett, 1958) comb. nov., and Z. cachemirica (Aubert, 1959) is placed as a junior synonym of that species. Zhiltzovaia amabilis is redescribed from new material collected from streams of Pamir, Tajikistan, and northwestern Himalaya, northern India. New illustrations of all life stages are presented.


The Preyer's reflex as a test for hearing is well documented although detailed methodology is seldom explained. Where it is, the large range of frequencies, small number of animals and in some cases the elaborate animal restraint used, make it impracticable for use in large toxicity studies. For routine assessment of hearing acuity in rats on sub-chronic or chronic toxicity studies a non-invasive, rapid but relatively sensitive test is required. The Preyer's pinnal reflex ~ can fulfil all the above criteria and forms the basis of the technique used to test hearing acuity in rats in our laboratory. During a typical toxicity study of 6-months duration, screening for hearing acuity is carried out before


With the deep integration of energy internet and 5G, it further promotes the digital development of the grid and enhances the intelligence of the grid. To enhance the security of wireless communication in smart grid, a physical layer secure transmission scheme based on self-powered Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) assistance is proposed, in which IRS is used to assist the transmission of information from the base station (BS) to the legitimate users in the smart grid system, while suppressing the signals transmitted to eavesdroppers, thus realizing the secure transmission of the system. To ensure that the IRS has enough energy to maintain its operation, a new transmission scheme is designed, and the transmission process is divided into an energy collection phase and an information reflection phase. They are used to collect energy and to assist in the transmission of information from the BS, respectively. To maximize the safe transmission rate of the system, a joint optimization problem on the beamforming vector of the base station, the time allocation and the IRS reflection phase is designed. Since the problem is a nonconvex optimization problem, an efficient algorithm is designed and suboptimal solutions are obtained by alternating optimization, Semi-Definite Relaxation (SDR), and Successive Convex Approximation (SCA) techniques. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively improve the secure transmission rate of the system.


proteins that catalyse the glycosylation of common Abstract ArnT is a glycosyltransferase that catalyses the addition of 4-amino-4- deoxy - L -arabinose ( L Ara4N) to the lipid A moiety of the lipopolysaccharide. This is a critical modification enabling bacteria to resist killing by antimicrobial peptides. ArnT is an integral inner membrane protein consisting of 13 predicted transmembrane helices and a large periplasmic C-terminal domain. We report here the identification of a functional motif with a canonical consensus sequence DEXRYAX (5) MX (3) GXWX (9) YFEKPX (4) W spanning the first periplasmic loop, which is highly conserved in all ArnT proteins examined. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated the contribution of this motif in ArnT function, suggesting that these proteins have a common mechanism. We also demonstrate that the Burkholderia cenocepacia and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ArnT C-terminal domain is required for polymyxin B resistance in vivo . Deletion of the C-terminal domain in B. cenocepacia ArnT resulted in a protein with significantly reduced in vitro binding to a lipid A fluorescent substrate and unable to catalyse lipid A modification with L -Ara4N. An in silico predicted structural model of ArnT strongly resembled the tertiary structure of Campylobacter lari PglB, a bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase involved in protein N-glycosylation . Therefore, distantly related oligosaccharyltransferases from ArnT and PglB families operating on lipid and polypeptide substrates, respectively, share unexpected structural similarity that could not be predicted from direct amino acid sequence comparisons. We propose that lipid A and protein glycosylation enzymes share a conserved catalytic mechanism despite their evolutionary divergence. the precise function of the C-terminal domain has not been investigated. We show here that that the last ten amino acids were required for the ability of ArnT in B. cenocepacia and S. enterica to modify lipid A with L -Ara4N and to confer PmB resistance. In silico modelling of ArnT or vector pSCrhaB2 used as negative respectively. functionality of ArnT Se proteins replacements in the DEX motif assessed in E. coli ∆ Bacteria expressing ArnT (ArnT or the vector pBAD24 were used as a positive and negative respectively. is a modified ArnT Se that has an alanine instead of a proline at the C-terminal end of the protein, which does not but the by et al. 2015). 2.5 µg spectra obtained using the negative mode of purified lipid A produced by arnT expressing ArnT profiles tetra-acylated lipid A or 2 phosphates molecules, lipid A with 1 L -Ara4N and or 2 phosphate molecules, penta-acylated lipid A, and penta-acylated lipid A L


To determine whether the large differences in adhesion for polyethylene coatings applied to different types of copper surface could be attributed to changes in work of adhesion or wettability, the variations of contact angle with time has been measured for molten polyethylene droplets on these surfaces. It is concluded from these measurements that the low peel strengths obtained on certain substrates cannot be accounted for by a low work of adhesion of poor wetting of the surface.


Wireless communication is an emerging technology in recent days which involves the transmission of data or information over a wide range of distance. The wireless network is capable of using the unlicensed spectrum for the transmission of data for various applications like medical, science, and industries. There are cases where the licensed spectrum is not utilized up to the level. In such cases, the cognitive radio network (CRN) technology allows cognitive devices to sense it and further enables the dynamic access of the scarce resource for proper utilization. However, the excessive number of bandwidth access may lead to the occurrence of interferences among the system. This is the major issue faced in all CRNs. To resolve this, effective band scheduling mechanism in CRN has been proposed. In this research, efficient spectrum sensing is performed using stochastic optimization algorithm called Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm (SSOA). This SSOA algorithm utilizes the best fitness function through three phases such as leaving, contention and joining of bands and provides a list of nonacquired list of bands. From the list of bands, the best band with majority bandwidth has been selected using Round Robin (RR) Algorithm. Here, the load system is allotted dynamically. Based on the load factor, the spectrum is scheduled. As a matter of fact, the whole spectrum scheduling methodology depends primarily on the base contributions made by the operation of spectrum sensing. Finally, the performance analysis is estimated for the throughput, settling time, number of bands occupied by base station (BS), and the bands occupied by each BS. From the performance analysis, the proposed system attains better results than other conventional approaches.


Toxaphene production, in quantities similar to those of polychlorinated biphenyls, has resulted in high toxaphene levels in fish from the Great Lakes and in Arctic marine mammals (up to 10 and 16 m...


Students with persistent challenging behavior are present in nearly every classroom. Teachers need the knowledge and skills to understand student behavior and intervene effectively. This article presents a framework to guide teachers in understanding student behavior and feasible tools for collecting data about the function of student behavior. Practical schoolwide strategies are provided for collecting and utilizing information about function of behavior to inform function-based supports for students prior to formal functional behavior assessment.


The substantial advances of coronary CTA have resulted in a boost of use of this new technique in the last several years, which brings a big challenge to radiologists by the increasing number of ex ...