: We consider how damaging levels of sound (acoustic trauma, AT) might perturb homeostatic regulation of receptors at synapses in the auditory pathway. Developmental maturation of synaptic function and hearing was characterized in the mouse lateral superior olive (LSO) from P7 to P96 using voltage-clamp and measurement of auditory brainstem responses (ABR). IPSCs and EPSCs undergo rapid acceleration during development, converging to similar sub-millisecond decay kinetics (0.87±0.11ms, 0.77±0.08ms, respectively) in adult mice. This was correlated with mRNA levels for glycinergic and glutamatergic ionotropic receptor subunits, confirming a switch from Gly  2 to Gly  1 for IPSCs and increased expression of GluA3 and GluA4 subunits on maturation. NMDAR EPSC decay time-constants ( τ ) accelerated from >40ms in prehearing animals, to 2.6±0.4ms in adults, as GluN2C expression increased. AT administered in vivo at around P20 disrupted the IPSC and EPSC equilibrium, so that one week later the AMPAR EPSC decay was slowed and mRNA for GluA1 increased while GluA4 decreased. In contrast, GlyR IPSC and NMDAR EPSC decay times were unchanged by AT. Computational modelling confirmed that matched IPSC and EPSC kinetics are required to generate mature interaural level difference (IID) functions. After AT the longer-lasting EPSCs provide a compensatory boost that maintained binaural function with raised auditory thresholds. We conclude that excitatory/inhibitory synaptic drive matures to fast submillisecond kinetics in the LSO. AT disrupts this through a mechanism that favours AMPARs with slow kinetics. We conclude that loud sounds reversibly modify auditory processing in the brain, changing receptor expression for several weeks after exposure. the synaptic kinetics. The results show that AT causes activity-dependent changes in synaptic AMPAR subunits, slowing fast excitatory synaptic currents with a time-course of weeks and modifying IID processing in the LSO. of both spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory events, implying reduced presynaptic release probability. Evoked NMDAR EPSCs also showed dramatic acceleration with developmental maturation; with a time-constant of over 40 ms in pre-hearing mice, while in mature mice the NMDAR EPSC decayed with a time-constant of around 2 ms. Although acoustic trauma caused an increase in expression of GluN1b, we found no change in the decay of the evoked NMDAR EPSC. This study set out to investigate whether acoustic trauma caused long-term changes in central auditory processing (IID) by examining changes in the postsynaptic expression of receptor subunits. The convergence in the IPSC/EPSC time-course occurred simultaneously with ABR maturation and was consistent with simulations of IID functions across the physiological range. AT disrupted both the EPSC/IPSC integration and IID function in the LSO and was consistent with a change in the levels of mRNA for glutamate receptor subunits, while IPSC kinetics and GlyR subunit mRNA were unaltered.


: The physical development in one particular setting has a strong impact on the community. If the development respects the ethnic cultural assets through architectural expressions as the theme of the project, the product of the development will accentuate the newly developed areas. Considering place making as a new approach in the physical development - urban designers are seeking ways to achieve an integration between the physical elements with the environment. The phenomenology of a certain place is not entirely dependent on how good the physical aspects of the design is, however, the way the community lives and how they assimilate with the environment is the most important. The living environment of the community influenced significantly by the quality of the attributes of the place. In fact, place making in urban areas highlights the local assets and inspire the local community to foster the spirit of the place in their setting. Thus, the physical features introduce the identity of the place design and make known the local image of the place. The present of the activities are not only to sustain the economic well-being of the people, nonetheless to enhance the quality of the environment. This paper attempts to explore the elements of place making in the busy urban areas where the local culture not only exploited for tourist showbiz but to sustain the everyday life of the people in one setting. By taking an example of the city of Ajman, United Arab Emirates as a case study the author explores the theory of urban design and the integration of urban features in developing the image of the place. The findings show that the Ajman waterfront is potential to become an urban attraction along the coastal corridor as part of the urban recreational area of the city core. The development at the waterfront and the existing business area will give a strong image to the city of Ajman.


OF APPLIED MECHANICS. The ensuing chapters discuss three methods to extrapolate downward wave fields, and the imaging of the cross sections (the inverse techniques). Chapter 11 compared different approaches to migration. To readers of the JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS, it would be benefical reading Chapter 11 first before reading Chapter 1, as the latter is incomprehensible to anyone outside the field of seismic prospecting. The last chapter (Chapter 12) discusses the limits of lateral resolution. Most of the book is confined to two-dimensional scalar wave field P(x, z, t). The three-dimensional case of scalar waves, P(x, y, z, t) apparently is still not within the reach of prospecting seismologists, let alone the case of vector elastic waves, including P and S-wave conversions, in inhomogeneous media. This points a direction of research of a literally very rich area for readers of JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS who are well versed in the subject of wave propagations in solids.


THE NORTHERN Ireland Office has released the long- awaited Green Paper 'Fit for the Future', the consultation paper on the future of the health and personal social services in Northern Ireland. It has been issued as a Green Paper because the department in Northern Ireland states that it is 'genuinely engaging in a process of finding out how the people of Northern Ireland would wish to see their health service structured'.


This article explores the relationship between gender, welfare and the state through a case study of the passing of the Victorian Neglected and Criminal Children's Act in 1964. It argues that poor ...


The wood-destroying fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium secretes extracellular enzymes known as lignin peroxidases that are involved in the biodegradation of lignin and a number of environmental pollutants.Several lignin peroxidases are produced in liquid cultures of this fungus.Here two lignin degradation enzymes,lignin peroxidase(LiP) and manganese peroxidase(MnP) were purified and characterized from Phanerochaete chrysosporium culture.The molecular weight of LiP and MnP are 37 KD and 40 KD respectively.Both of them have the same optimized activity temperature of 37 ℃.The temperature for losing half of the activity(t1/2) within 2 h is 40 ℃ for LiP and 45 ℃ for MnP.The optimum pH of MnP and LiP are 4.6 and 2.8 respectively.MnP is relatively stable in pH 4.0~7.0 and LiP in 2.2~5.2.Fe2+ promotes the activity of both LiP and MnP,Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Fe3+、Ag+、Co2+、NH promote the activity of LiP but inhibit that of MnP.Cu2+ shows strong inhibition only to MnP but has no effect on LiP.


A description of the male, female and deutonymph of a new water mite species, Hydrodroma zhokhovii, from Ethiopia is given.


Airline pilots will soon be required to perform full stall recovery training in simulators. However, flight simulators currently used for pilot training do not represent aircraft behavior in upset situations that take the aircraft out of its normal flight envelope. Post-stall aircraft models need to be implemented to correctly simulate the aircraft response after the stall point. In addition, motion cues need to adequately represent this response to ensure the skills learned in simulator training are directly usable in real flight. This paper will discuss stall recognition and recovery training and why motion is important. Next, we discuss why subjective and traditional outcome-based measures are less effective to measure transfer of stall recovery training and propose to use a measure based on a cybernetic approach that captures how pilots' use of visual and motion cues develops during training.


The objective of this work was to analyse the perception of business people on the evolution of the Accountant profile, considering the significant increase of it´s importance with the advent of international accounting standards. Therefore the following question was elaborated: what the perception of business people on the evolution of the Accountant profile? As for the methodological procedures, this study is classified as quantitative according to the approach, descriptive regarding the objectives and as a survey of the procedures. The data collection was done through the questionary containing eighteen closed questions and validated by three teachers in the area. A universe of 62 entrepreneurs, clients of an accounting office in the city of Sao Jose, state of Santa Catarina, was searched by e-mail, created through the tool google forms, and a sample of 53 (fifty three) respondents, representing 85% of the population surveyed. The main results pointed that the business people perceive this evolution in the accounting professional profile, consider he essential for the business and would keep the accounting writing if they were not obliged. However, international accounting standards were not considered influential in the evolution of the Accountant profile and there are limitations on the use of their competences by business people.


628 Background: A pilot, open-label, multicenter, multinational, randomized, parallel group, comparative study was conducted in post-menopausal women with advanced ER/PgR + breast cancer (BC) and at least one visceral lesion (liver or lung) measurable using RECIST criteria Methods: Subjects had progressed during prior antiestrogen treatment, or ≤ 12 months since adjuvant antiestrogen treatment. Subjects were randomized 1:1 to either exemestane (E) (25 mg po qd) or anastrozole (A) (1 mg po qd). Prior treatment with ≤ chemotherapy (CT) regimen for metastatic BC was permitted. ECOG performance status of 0 -2. Primary efficacy end-point was objective response rate in visceral disease using modified RECIST Guidelines. Stable disease required documentation over 24 weeks. Secondary end-points included tolerability (absence of NCI CTC grade 2 -4 AEs), TTP, and survival.

RESULTS
The last patient was enrolled 20Dec2002. 28 patients remained on study drug as of 1Nov2003. Data are shown in the Table. There are no significant differences in efficacy between the two agents. Grade 3 + 4 toxicities of interest looked similar across arms and include hot flashes in 2 (E) and 4 (A) patients, musculoskeletal complaints in 2 (E) and 1 (A).

CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of this study, since 40% of the patients had a response or stable disease for at least 6 months, aromatase inhibitors/inactivators appear to be a suitable choice of therapy for patients with visceral metastatic disease from breast cancer following antiestrogen therapy. The toxicity profile of E and A were similar over the duration of this study treatment. [Figure: see text] [Table: see text].


Hospitals play a role in improving the quality of health services. It was important to accurately measure patients' level of satisfaction.The previous study showed the score of 74.67%. It was lower than the level of customer satisfaction in Wonosari Regional PublicHospital (75.34%), 62.5% of the patients were satisfied of tangibles, 75% were satisfied on reliability, and 62.5% were satisfied inempathy. Research objective to investigate factors of midwifery service quality in Wonosari Regional Public Hospital MidwiferyClinic. This research method used analytical survey with cross sectional approach. 82 people were taken as samples by usingpurposive sampling technique. The data analysis employed Gamma testing. The result was factors of service quality in WonosariRegional Public Hospital Midwifery Clinicwere categorized as good. The percentages are: direct proof 54.9%, reliability 56.1%,empathy 57.3%, responsiveness 54.9%, guarantee 52.4%. The patient satisfaction level was 61.0%. The Gamma test resultshowed that the p-value of direct proof, reliability, empathy, responsiveness, and guarantee is 0.000 < 0.05. In addition, the value of rgamma of direct proof and responsiveness = 0.979, reliability = 0.993, empathy = 0.985 and guarantee = 0.988.


Aiming at the features,functions and orientations of academic libraries,this article analyses the inter relationships between service organizations,the present situation,and existing problems of the traditional patterns of aˉcademic libraries,expounds the necessity,the thinking mode,the array of the network,the construction of library buildings,the storage of resources,reader service and professional management,etc.,and sets forth a newthinking mode to the integration and the construction of modern information service organizations.


This thesis is dedicated to the study of differential inclusions involving normal cones of nonregular sets in Hilbert spaces. In particular, we are interested in the sweeping process and its variants. The sweeping process is a constrained differential inclusion involving normal cones which appears naturally in several applications such as elastoplasticity, electrical circuits, hysteresis, crowd motion, etc.

This work is divided conceptually in three parts: Study of positively alpha-far sets, existence results for differential inclusions involving normal cones and characterizations of Lyapunov pairs for the sweeping process.

In the first part (Chapter 2), we investigate the class of positively alpha-far sets. This class of nonregular sets is very general and includes convex, uniformly prox-regular and uniformly subsmooth sets, among others. It turns out that this class is the best suited to the study of differential inclusions involving normal cones.

In the second part (Chapter 3 to the first part of Chapter 8), we provide several existence results for the sweeping process and its variants. In order to do that, we consider three approaches: The Catching-up algorithm, the Galerkin-like method and the Moreau-Yosida regularization.

The first method is the most classic in the study of differential inclusions involving normal cones. We used it in the case where the set considered is fixed.

The second method (Galerkin-like) consists in approximating the original problem by projecting the state into a finite-dimensional Hilbert space, but not the velocity. Approximate problems always have a solution and, under some compactness conditions, we prove that they converge strongly pointwisely (up to a subsequence) to a solution of the original differential inclusion. Moreover, it is shown that this method is well adapted to deal with differential inclusions involving normal cones, by providing general existence results for the generalized sweeping process. As a result, existence of solutions for the first order and second order sweeping process is obtained. Furthermore, this method is used to show existence of solutions of the perturbed sweeping process with nonlocal initial conditions.

The third method is the Moreau-Yosida regularization technique which consists in approximating a given differential inclusion by a penalized one, depending on a positive parameter and then to pass to the limit when the parameter goes to zero. This method is used to deal with state-dependent sweeping processes governed by uniformly subsmooth sets.

Finally, in the third part (Second part of Chapter 8 and Chapter 9), we give some characterizations of weak Lyapunov pairs and weak invariance for the perturbed sweeping process with uniformly subsmooth sets.


Previous research has shown that a bounded interval of silence is an important perceptual cue to stop manner, and that it may be both necessary and sufficient. However, most earlier stimuli did not include stop release bursts. When a release burst is present, a preceding interval of silence is frequently not necessary for perception of a stop, particularly when place of articulation is alveolar or velar. New experiments varying burst duration and amplitude reveal listeners' exquisite sensitivity to burst information, suggesting that the release burst, and not silence, is really the primary cue to stop manner. As to the sufficiency of the silence cue, it is well‐known that a reasonable stop percept can be created by splicing silence into a previously stopless utterance (e.g., /slɪt/→/splɪt/). However, new experiments show that under certain conditions listeners readily perceive these modified utterances as two stopless pieces separated by silence (e.g., /s‐lɪt/). Stop perception, in these cases, seems to depend on an integrative perceptual strategy that, however, can be disengaged without leaving the speech mode. Thus, silence alone is not always sufficient for stop perception. [Work supported by NICHD.]


Recent studies introduce the notion of treating autobiographical memories of past pleasurable experiences as assets and expanding the discounted utility model to include the utility of memories of past consumption. Recent studies in psychology have found that involuntary autobiographical memories are common in everyday life. This paper builds on these two strands in the literature by expanding the discounted utility model to include the utility of involuntary memories of past consumption. Optimal control theory is used to develop a continuous‐time optimal consumption model that takes into account the fact that consumption may generate involuntary memories that arrive at random times. The model is used in an in‐depth analysis of optimal consumption with memories. It is shown that memories shift consumption to earlier times. This effect gets weaker as the time horizon gets longer, and it vanishes entirely when the time horizon is infinite.


Copolymers of 4'4 ( 2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl)ethylaminol-4-nitroazobenzene (DRlA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and of the respective methacrylate monomer (DRlM) with MMA were cast as films and subjected to a pump/relax procedure to analyze the thermal cis-trans isomerization behavior of the azo groups. Blends of polyDRlA with polyMMA were also used in a similar manner. All samples show a fast isomerization process due to strained cis isomers, trapped below the glass transition temperature of the film, followed by a slower isomerization process. The homopolymers, all blends, and the copolymers with very low azo concentrations can be analyzed by a monoexponential decay for the slow process. The isomerization of all other copolymers is analyzed as a sum of three monoexponential processes, in which each process is the isomerization of an azo-centered triad. The rate constants found for the individual processes indicate that isomerization is faster when more azo groups are neighboring the central azo group in the triad. This is proof for the neighboring effect on motion of the azo groups, even in these completely amorphous samples.


Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been advocating a promising alternative for Karl Fischer titration method for quantification of moisture in oil. This study aims to integrate partial least squares regression (PLSR) approach on FTIR spectra for prediction of moisture in locally accessible transformer oil and lubricating oil. The oil samples spiked with known moisture concentrations were extracted with acetonitrile and subjected to analysis with an FTIR spectrophotometer. The PLSR model was built based on 100 training/test splits, and the prediction performance was measured with the percentage root mean squares error (% RMSE). The range of concentration studied was between 0 and 5000 ppm. The marker region of moisture was found at 3750–3400 and 1700–1600 cm−1 with the latter demonstrating a better predictive ability in both lubricating oil and transformer oil. The prediction of moisture in lubricating oil was characterized with lower % RMSE. At concentration less than 700 ppm, the prediction accuracy deteriorates suggesting poor sensitivity. The PLSR was implemented on IR spectra of a set of blind samples, verified with Karl Fischer (for transformer oil) method and Kittiwake (for lubricating oil) method. The prediction was encouraging at concentrations above 1000 ppm; at lower concentrations, the prediction was characterized with high percent error. The algorithm, validated with 100 training/test splits, was converted into an executable program for prediction of moisture based on FTIR spectra. This program can be used for prediction of other substances given that the marker region is identified. FTIR can be used for prediction of moisture in oil nevertheless the sensitivity and precision is low for samples with low moisture concentration.


Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins act as GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) toward the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric, signal-transducing G proteins. RGS11 contains a G protein gamma subunit-like (GGL) domain between its Dishevelled/Egl-10/Pleckstrin and RGS domains. GGL domains are also found in RGS6, RGS7, RGS9, and the Caenorhabditis elegans protein EGL-10. Coexpression of RGS11 with different Gbeta subunits reveals specific interaction between RGS11 and Gbeta5. The expression of mRNA for RGS11 and Gbeta5 in human tissues overlaps. The Gbeta5/RGS11 heterodimer acts as a GAP on Galphao, apparently selectively. RGS proteins that contain GGL domains appear to act as GAPs for Galpha proteins and form complexes with specific Gbeta subunits, adding to the combinatorial complexity of G protein-mediated signaling pathways.


s edited by Anna Lavery and Rory Lunny The Committee acknowledege funding support from the Postgraduate Centre, Queen's University Belfast and the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute. The Committee appreciates the support and presentation given by Mr Simon Doherty of UKTI and Blackwater Consulting


We begin the study of the individual sensory systems with the somatosensory system (Greek soma, the body), the system in which sensory coding was first studied electrophysiologically. Somatic information is provided by receptors distributed throughout the body. One of the earliest investigators of the bodily senses, Charles Sherrington, noted that the somatosensory system serves three major functions: proprioception, exteroception, and interoception. Proprioception is the sense of oneself (Latin proprius, one's own). Receptors in skeletal muscle, joint capsules, and the skin enable us to have conscious awareness of the posture and movements of our own body, particularly the four limbs and the head. Although one can move parts of the body without sensory feedback from proprioceptors, the movements are often clumsy, poorly coordinated, and inadequately adapted to complex tasks, particularly if visual guidance is absent. Exteroception is the sense of direct interaction with the external world as it impacts on the body. The principal mode of exteroception is the sense of touch, which includes sensations of contact, pressure, stroking, motion, and vibration, and is used to identify objects. Some touch involves an active motor component— stroking, tapping, grasping, or pressing—whereby a part of the body is moved against another surface or organism. The sensory and motor components of touch are intimately connected anatomically in the brain and are important in guiding behavior. Exteroception also includes the thermal senses of heat and cold. Thermal sensations are important controllers of behavior and homeostatic mechanisms needed to maintain the body temperature near 37°C (98.6°F). Finally, The Primary Sensory Neurons of the Somatosensory System Are Clustered in the Dorsal Root Ganglia


Computer generation of text, linguistically justified grammars, KDS, PROTEUS, natural language, systemic grammar, text generation. Computer generation of text linguistically justified grammars, knowledge representation methods, PENMAN, natural language, systemic grammar, text generation. Because discourse generation is a relatively new branch of Artificial Intelligence, only a few incomplete discourse generators have been developed. A study of those efforts reveals the nature of the task, what makes it difficult, and how the complexities of discourse generation can be controlled. This report compares two recent discourse generation systems: PROTEUS, by Anthony Davey at the University of Edinburgh, and KDS, by Mann and Moore at USC/Information Sciences Institute. Viewing the systems separately, the author identifies particular techniques in each system that contribute strongly to the quality of the resulting text. A comparison of the two systems follows, with a discussion of their common failings and the possibility of creating a new system that combines the strengths of both PROTEUS and KDS. In a text-production system high and special demands are placed on the grammar and the lexicon. This report views these components in such a system. First, the subcomponents dealing with semantic and syntactic information are presented separately. The problems of relating these twomore » types of information are then identified. Finally, strategies designed to meet the problems are proposed and discussed. One of the issues illustrated is what happens when a systemic linguistic approach is combined with a KL-ONE-like knowledge representation--a novel and hitherto unexplored combination.« less


Improving the poor resistance to environmental stress and the weak development of roots system in the cherry (Prunus) rootstock 'Gisela 6' (Prunus cerasus · Prunus canescens) is of great importance for sustainable sweet cherry (Prunus avium) production. Although a stable genetic transformation system has been developed for 'Gisela 6' rootstock, there is little information on the identification of genes involved in stress resistance. Using the cherry rootstock cultivar Gisela 6, we identified a total of 12 novel mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes, designated PcMPKs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the PcMPKs could be divided into four groups, designated A, B, C, and D. In addition, an intron–exon structure analysis for the PcMPKswas conducted to help further understand the structure–function relationships within the cherry family. The expression profiles of PcMPKs in response to abiotic and biotic stresses were characterized using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Five PcMPKs (i.e., PcMPK4-1, PcMPK4-2, PcMPK3, PcMPK6, and PcMPK18) exhibited differential expression, and suggested their potential roles in plant responding to various stresses. This study provides the basis for further analysis on the physiological functions of PcMPKs in environmental tolerance in cherry rootstocks. 'Gisela' rootstock, a triploid hybrid of P. cerasus and P. canescens, is currently the most popular dwarf rootstock for sweet cherry (Koc et al., 2013; Usenik et al., 2010). However, the main disadvantages in this cultivar are the weak development of root systems and poor resistance to environmental stresses such as cold, drought, salinity, or pathogen infection. Conventional approaches for cherry rootstock improvement are generally difficult and occur over long time frames as a result of the heterozygosity and polyploidy of the cross. Genetic transformation with a single gene or multiple genes offers an attractive approach to efficiently improve the problems existing in this cultivar. Although a stable genetic transformation system has been developed for 'Gisela 6' (Song, 2014; Song and Sink, 2006; Song et al., 2013; Zhao and Song, 2014), little has been reported on gene identification for this cultivar. MAPK cascades are highly conserved signal transduction modules that play crucial roles in regulating many biological processes in plants, such as growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses (Ligterink, 2000; Ligterink and Hirt, 2001; MAPK Group, 2002; Mizoguchi et al., 2000; Nakagami et al., 2005; Zhang et al., 2006; Zwerger and Hirt, 2001). MAPKs are dual-specificity protein kinases that are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases through double phosphorylation of the Thr-x-Tyr (T-x-Y) motif in the activation loop (T-loop). Four subgroups, designated A, B, C, and D, have been identified based on phylogenetic analysis of MAPKs, and distinct functions in signal transduction within cells in plants have been reported for each group (MAPK Group, 2002). GroupsA–C,which possess a Thr-Glu-Tyr (T-E-Y)motif, have been studied in many plant species, including arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and maize (Zea mays), and were reported to cause positive effects on stress tolerance during plant transformation with single genes under controlled conditions. For example, in arabidopsis, AtMPK3 and AtMPK6 from group A (Conroy et al., 2013; Droillard et al., 2002; Moon et al., 2003; Raghuram et al., 2015; Schikora et al., 2011; Wan et al., 2004) and AtMPK4 from group B (Ichimura et al., 2000, 2006; Roux et al., 2015) have been shown to play important roles in response to salt and cold stress and pathogen attacks. Ectopic expression of ZmSIMK1, a member of group B from maize, was reported to be involved in an improved tolerance to both biotic (e.g., Pseudomonas syringae) and abiotic stresses (e.g., salt and drought) in transgenic tobacco plants (Gu et al., 2010;Wang et al., 2014). Overexpression of another maize group A MAPK gene, ZmMPK5, in tobacco induced defense responses and conferred tolerance to salt and low-temperature stress in transgenic plants (Berberich et al., 1999; Zhang et al., 2014). These findings demonstrated the various roles of MAPK cascades in environmental stress responses and highlighted the potential application of MAPK genes for improving plant tolerance through biotechnology methods. Because of the importance of MAPK cascades in plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, our goal was to identify and characterize MAPK genes in 'Gisela 6' to allow further work that would improve stress resistance in cherry rootstock through genetic engineering. Materials and Methods PLANT MATERIAL AND TREATMENT. In vitro plantlets of 'Gisela 6' were selected for qRT-PCR analysis. The plantlets Received for publication 12 May 2016. Accepted for publication 18 July 2016. This work was supported by grants from Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (ZR2014CQ018); the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201203075); and the Special Fund for Shandong Provincial Fruit Innovative Team, China (SDAIT-03-022-04). Corresponding author. E-mails: email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com. 490 J. AMER. SOC. HORT. SCI. 141(5):490–497. 2016. were subcultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium in the culture room held at 25 C with a 16/8-h (light/dark) cycle for 6 weeks, and were then selected for different stress treatments. For osmotic and salinity stress challenges, in vitro plantlets of 'Gisela 6' were cultured in solid MS medium complemented with 200 mmol mannitol or 200 mmol NaCl, respectively. For the low-temperature treatment, the plantlets were cultured in solid MS medium in an artificial climate chest in which the temperature was held at 4 C with a light/dark cycle of 16/8 h. For the salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments, the plantlets were cultured in solid MS medium complemented with 150 mmol SA and 200 mmol MeJA, respectively. For P. syringae pv. syringae infection, single bacterial isolates were cultured on King's B medium at 25 C for 48 h. Before inoculation, bacterial cells were suspended in sterile tap water to produce a suspension containing 10–10 colony-forming units/mL. The whole plantlets were inoculated by dipping in the bacterial suspension and the cocultivation occurred at 25 Cwith a 16/8-h (light/dark) photoperiod. For all stress challenges, the whole in vitro plantlets were collected at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, after treatment, immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at –80 C for RNA extraction. Plantlets cultured in the normal MSmedium at 25 C with a 16/8-h photoperiod served as the control for the qRT-PCR analysis. All samples included at least three independent biological repeats that were randomly selected from the vessels. RNA EXTRACTION AND REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION. For total RNA extraction, frozen plantlets were crushed in liquid nitrogen with a mortar and pestle. RNA was extracted using the RN38-EASYspin Plus Plant RNA Kit (Aidlab, Beijing, China), in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The first strand complementary DNA (cDNA) was obtained using HiFiScript Quick gDNA Removal cDNA Kit (CWBIO, Beijing, China), according to the manufacturer's instructions. CLONING AND IDENTIFICATION OF MAPKS FROM THE CHERRY ROOTSTOCK 'GISELA 6'. A genome-wide identification of MAPK gene families in 'Gisela 6' rootstock was difficult due to the lack of genomic information for this cultivar. Thus, we searched and identified the MAPK candidate genes from a cDNA library of the 'Gisela 6' leaf samples based on the transcriptome sequencing, which was provided by a colleague in our group. Total RNA of the leaf samples taken from six different branches of two independent 5-year-old 'Gisela 6' trees was pooled before library preparation. The library preparations were sequenced by Novogene Bioinformatics Technology Co. (Beijing, China) on an Illumina HiSEq 2000 platform and 100–base pair (bp) paired end reads were generated. A total of 50,919 transcripts were assembled and obtained using the Trinity software (Grabherr et al., 2011). A number of MAPK candidate genes were identified from the de novo transcriptome assembly database by BLASTx search. Target sequences that were more than 1000 bp in length, contained intact open reading frames (ORFs), and had greater than 60% homology to MAPK genes in other species were used as the templates for cDNA cloning. A total of 12 primer pairs were designed using Primer Premier 5.0 (Premier Biosoft, Palo Alto, CA) to amplify the full-length open reading frame of MAPK genes from cDNA and genomic DNA of 'Gisela 6' (Supplemental Table 1). All the amplified products were cloned into pEASY-Blunt Simple Cloning Vectors (Transgen, Beijing China) and sequenced (Sangon Biotech, Beijing, China). The sequences were designated as PcMPKs and submitted to GenBank. SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF THE MAPKS.Multiple alignments of the deduced MAPK amino acid sequences were performed using the Clustal W program (Larkin et al., 2007). A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the MEGA 6 software (Tamura et al., 2013). Because no reference genome was available for cherry, the gene structure analyses of the PcMPKs were generated from the alignments of the cDNA and genomic DNA amplicon sequences. REAL-TIME QRT-PCR ANALYSIS. Primers for real-time qRTPCR analysis were designed using Beacon Designer 8 software (Premier Biosoft) (Supplemental Table 1). Reactions were carried out on an ABI 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) using the UltraSYBR mixture with Rox (CWBIO) following the manufacturer's instructions. The sweet cherry house-keeping gene b-actin (accession no. FJ560908) was selected as the internal control to calibrate the cDNA template of the corresponding samples. PCR conditions were as follow


Levxe, J. R., Jn., Lee, R. 8., Jn., and HunNc, J. L. 1990. Inoculation triggers freezing at high subzero temperatures in a freeze-tolerant frog (Rana sylvatica) and insdct (Eurosta solidaginis). Can. J. Zool. 68: 506-510. Freezing of animals is often portrayed to begin after they supercool several degrees Celsius below the melting point of body fluids. This supposition is based on laboratory protocol that usually exposes animals only to dry air during freezing episodes, whereas, in nature, animals may be in direct contact with external ice or snow at temperatures above the supercooling point of their body fluids. This raises the possibility that ice nucleation may occur across the epirhelium or cuticle, causing the freezing of body fluids. We tested this possibility in two freeze-tolerant animals, the wood frog, Rana sylvatica, and the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis. Frogs remained supercooled for 3 h at 1.5 to -2.0"C when kept on an unfrozen surface; however, they began to freeze in less than 30 s after coming in direct contact with ice crystals. Seeding occurred in less than I min across isolated patches of frog skin held in a modified Ussing chamber. Similarly, externally moistened larvae of E. solidaginis froze at higher temPerailres than dry larvae. Likewise, within galls containing a relatively high water content (65.87o), larvae froze at higher temperatures than ones found in drier galls (l9.6Vo). Therefore, animals may freeze at high subzero temperatures, at or nearthe melting point of their body fluids, owing to transepithelial ice inoculation . In E. solidaginrs, exposure to sufficient moisture to trigger inoculation declines as winter approaches; thus, this avenue for freezing seems limited to autumn, when plant galls have a high water content. This study further emphasizes the need to use care in extrapolating laboratory-determined supercooling points as an approximation of the response of animals in the field.


Introduction An End to Class Struggle: The Background to the "New Period" "Socialist Spiritual Civilization and the Ideological Bases for an Authoritarian Modernization of "New China" Ideology and the Dialect of Legitimation and Redefinition The Old Ideologues and the New Ideology The Role of China's "Vanguard Party" in the "New Period" Political Authority and the Values of Chinese Modernity Selected Bibliography Index


only Whitehead's meaning is missed, but a gross misunderstanding of religious experience itself arise. Religious experience is certainly akin to the aesthetic. But it is no less akin to the experience of love. But if these words, aesthetic and love, are to retain their conventional meanings, religious experience cannot be wholly identified with either. The concreteness of content which enters into religious experience exceeds both the aesthetic and the love experience which "ponders many things in the heart." It is more profound than either. In fact, it stands in a class by itself, just as the aesthetic and love experiences are unique and distinct, and not to be merged and lost in any other type of experience. HENRY NELSON WIEMAN


Galen of Pergamum (130-200 A.D.) was one of the greatest authorities in Medicine. Hippocrates first and Galen later traced the scientific approach in Medicine and were the founders of the modern Medicine. Galen by his extensive scientific work contributed greatly in the fields of anatomy, correlative anatomy, experimental research, topographic diagnostics and neurosciences. In addition, his scientific orientation was influenced by philosophy, given that he was educated under the special philosophical atmosphere of the Hellenistic era. Galen was one of the most productive authors. He composed, more than five hundred dissertations on medicine, psychology, philosophy, medical ethics, logic and grammar. His work exercised great influence in Medieval medicine and contributed substantially in shaping the profile of the modern medicine. In the field of neurosciences Galen's contribution was much valuable. He was an expert anatomist of the nervous system. Galen, Herophilus and Erasistratus may be characterized as the founders of the Neuroanatomy. Galen's theory on the function of the human body was encephalocentric. He considered that the brain is the center of the human existence, the ruler of the human body, the "hegemonicon" of the psychosomatic entity of the human being. In the field of neurosciences and clinical neurology he contributed substantially, describing the function of the spinal cord and emphasizing its importance in motion and sensation. Galen described also the syndromes of the transverse section and hemi section of the spinal cord and many vascular syndromes of the brain. Galen improved the technique of trepanation and applied it for drainage of intracranial hematomas and relief of intracranial pressure. Galen described the sympathetic chain, defined the roots of the spinal nerves and concluded that the spinal nerves are mostly mixed, motor and sensory. In case of damage of the nerves sensation and movement disappear in the field of their distribution. Galen described a considerable number of mental disorders such


• Resources for further information Trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF‐CBT) is an evidence‐based treatment approach shown to help children, adolescents, and their caregivers overcome trauma‐related difficulties. It is designed to reduce negative emotional and behavioral responses following child sexual abuse, domestic violence, traumatic loss, and other traumatic events.1 The treatment—based on learning and cognitive theories—addresses distorted beliefs and attributions related to the abuse and provides a supportive environment in which children are encouraged to talk about their traumatic experience. TF‐CBT also helps parents who were not abusive to cope effectively with their own emotional distress and develop skills that support their children.


In order to solve the problem of cooling air for diesel locomotive's traction motor,according the concept of universalization and modularization design,a new anti-sand filtering device for traction motor of diesel locomotives used in windy and standy region was developed.


Hairy cell leukemia (HCL), a rare indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder, is characterized by the presence of bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood hairy cells with cytoplasmic projections, splenomeg-aly, pancytopenia, and recurrent infections. In most cases, HCL cells harbor a V600E somatic mutation on B-raf proto-oncogene ( BRAF ), causing constitutive activation of downstream signaling pathways, especially mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) 1 and 2. Cytogenet-ics abnormalities can be also found, such as trisomy 5 and structural modifications on chromosomes 5 and 2, with no recurrent alteration, as well as Cyclin D1 overexpression (Maitre et al., 2022). Classical HCL cells are characterized by surface expression of CD19, CD20, CD22, CD11c, CD25, CD79b, CD103, CD123, FMC7, and monoclo-nal light chain immunoglobulin (SmIg) restriction. These cells are typi-cally negative for CD5, CD10, and CD23; however, CD10 positivity has been reported in 5% – 14% of all HCL cases and CD23 positivity in 17% – 21% of patients (Maitre et al., 2022; Vittoria et al., 2021). There-fore, HCL cell immunophenotype resembles that of post-germinal center B lymphocytes, also based on immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rear-rangements. Biclonality in non-Hodgkin lymphomas is infrequent accounting for less than 5% of total cases, and in HCL is an even rarer event, only anecdotally reported (Vittoria et al., 2021). We present a composite HCL case characterized by


The present state of the educational use of computer communications networks in Japan is outlined. Computer communication is now growing rapidly in Japanese society as a whole, and its educational community is not an exception. After giving general figures on the use of computers in Japanese education and describing government proposals on information networks for education, this paper summarizes different types of online educational activities. These activities include databases for instructional materials, information exchange and computer conferencing on some major networks, local and grassroots networks, and academic networks. Research activity on the use of educational computer communication is reviewed, and the need for further research is emphasized, especially on the psychosocial aspects of computer communication. Twelve figures illustrate the discussion. (Contains 29 references.) (Author/SLD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** ZEAtMOR-t --ifMg2.W M 3 -g--1990* BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MULTIMEDIA EDUCATION no. 3 1990 (Received Dec. 19, 1989) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) (7 This document has been reproduced as received from the PerSOn Or Organtzatton originating it C Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Potnts of new or opinions stated in thIsCIOCument do not necessanly represent official OERI position or policy Educational Use of Computer Communication Networks in Japan : A Review of the Present Status


Analyses the problems and challenges of traditional agricultural technology extension service model in Zhejiang province. Summarizing several important innovation patterns of agricultural technology extension service. putting forward several countermeasures and suggestions for constructing new models of agricultural technology extension service finally.


Abstract Antigen processing and presentation is the complex series of steps involving numerous compartments of cells derived from multiple lineages. This collective process is central to the initiation of specific cellular immune responses. Internalization of foreign proteins or infectious agents, degradation of proteins to peptides, and transfer to 1a heterodimers which are then translocated to the cell surface, comprise the pathway. This can be blocked by drugs which interfere with compartment acidification (ammonium chloride, methylamine, chloroquine), protein synthesis (emetine), vesicle trafficking (brefeldin A), and microtubule metabolism (taxol, colchicine, nocadazole).


The effects of three-dimensional (3-D) culture and cyclic stretch stimulation on the expression of contractile proteins were investigated in freshly isolated rat aortic smooth muscle cells (FSMC). Primary cells were cultured statically on cell culture dishes (two-dimensional (2-D) culture) or in type I collagen gel matrix (3-D culture). Changes in their expression level of actin filaments (AFs) and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) were measured quantitatively using an accurately-calibrated fluorescent microscopy. The expression of AFs and SM-MHC decreased in both cultures in their early stages. Cell morphology was quite different between the two cultures: the cells had a flattened and irregular shape in the 2-D culture, while they had a fusiform shape with a well-defined long axis in the 3-D. Nineteen-day culture in the gel significantly increased the expression levels of AFs and SM-MHC while the expression levels remained low in the 2-D. Further and early increase in the expression levels was observed in the cells cultured in the gel with cyclic stretch of ∼8% amplitude and 1 Hz frequency. The cyclic stretch also induced alignment of FSMCs in the gel parallel to the stretch direction, and the cell alignment was observed earlier than the increase in their contractile proteins. These results indicate that the 3-D culture in collagen gel may increase the expression level of contractile proteins in FSMCs while maintaining their fusiform morphology, and cyclic stretch may efficiently increase the expression levels when the cells aligned in the stretch direction.


The large-scale cryogenic gravitational wave telescope (LCGT) project is the proposed advancement of TAMA, which will be able to detect the coalescences of binary neutron stars occurring in our galaxy. LCGT intends to detect the coalescence events within about 240 Mpc, the rate of which is expected to be from 0.1 to several events in a year. LCGT has Fabry–Perot cavities of 3 km baseline and the mirrors are cooled down to a cryogenic temperature of 20 K. It is planned to be built in the underground of Kamioka mine. This paper overviews the revision of the design and the current status of the R&D.


It is given a calculation method of the centrifugal moments of inertia of meliorative cars' working bodies, and also a determining method of lateral dynamic reactions on their support while working on slopes with various putting corners.


As the internal nature of organism,learning is the basic means of human beings to adapt themselves to the living society. With the development of society,learning becomes alien to learners gradually and further represses them.As a result,they are unable to experience the joy and significance of learning.To help learning return to its subject,we need to develop productive force,reform the educational system and advocate society conscious.These three factors interact with one another.


Received: 6 December 2018 Accepted: 11 January 2020 In this paper, we proposed a technique to mitigate the Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output OFDM Systems (MIMO-OFDM) which is a major bottleneck in wireless communication system. Previously the number of frame architectures and different models of channels are used to diminish this drawback of OFDM but the calculations for these models are more difficult. Therefore, we implemented low complexity ICI mitigation for MIMO-OFDM systems beneath the acceptance of channels which are linear time varied. It decreases the complication of ICI suppression from ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 3 2 log O K M NM NM MK K + + + to


For many fish stocks, resource management cannot be based on stock assessment because data are insufficient-a situation that requires alternative approaches to management. One possible approach is to manage data-limited stocks as part of an assemblage and to determine the status of the entire unit by a data-rich indicator species. The utility of this approach was evaluated in analyses of 15 years of commercial and 34 years of recreational logbook data from reef fisheries off the southeastern United States coast. Multivariate statistical analyses successfully revealed three primary assemblages. Within assemblages, however, there was little evidence of synchrony in population dynamics of member species, and thus, no support for the use of indicator species. Nonetheless, assemblages could prove useful as management units. Their identification offers opportunities for implementing management to address such ecological considerations as bycatch and species interrelations.


"Flow Sheet of Pulp and Ppaer Manufacture", Paper Trade J., Jun. 22, 1939.* Ostberg et al., 5th Internatl. Conf. on New Avail. Technique -Stockholm, "Use of Carbon Dioxide in the Production of Sulphate Pulp," Jun. 1996, pp. 508–515. "Brownstock Washing with CO2." (Pulp & Paper Canada, vol. 98, No. 7), Jul. 1997. WO 88/04705, "Method for Washing of Alcaline Pulp." Monica Bokström et al., Jun. 1988.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sports activities on EI. The research method uses experimental research methods with pretest-posttest control group design. Participants in this study were extracurricular studentS SMP NU Kaplongan NU consists of 20 students. The research instrument used an EI questionnaire. Data analysis using independent samples t-test. The results of the study state that the factors that influence behavior change are more advanced among junior high school students, one of which is EI and there is an influence of sports activities on EI.


This article intends to bring us closer to a topic barely addressed in the academic world in our country: deaf-blindness. This is the incapability of not listening nor seeing, involving both limitations and making this way a single disability, which requires, for its approach and care for their multiple needs, different ways to those used by people who are either deaf or blind. In this context, the guide-interpreter becomes an essential contact and communication link between the deaf-blind person and their surroundings.Furthermore, we are convinced that the deepening of knowledge of the deaf-blind person should help us glimpse the great gifts of the human being needs to have to be present in the world, in spite of the serious limitations that may suffer from naturally or accidentally, showing us clearlyg this way their essential tendency to growth and self-development.Our contribution finishes by narrating the experience of a non-deaf-nor-blind person about a deaf-blind person's testimony of life.


We combine our new measurements of nonlinear coefficients over a range of wavelengths with previous values to compare their wavelength variation with that predicted by Miller scaling. We conclude that Miller scaling is a good approximation in most cases.


During the amalgamation, tenure and break up of Pangea several oceans played a major tectonic role. Remnants of them now occur mostly along the margins of the Atlantic, Mediterranean, Black and Caspian seas, as well as in the Alpine-Himalayan and adjacent orogens. Of those oceans, three (Iapetus, Tornsquist and Rheic) were closed during the amalgamation of Pangea and another (Neo-Tethys) is the main witness of its break-up. The Paleotethys is the enigmatic ocean that shared an internal position during most of Pangea's tenure. There is no consensus about its origin, some suggest that opened during the latest stages of Pangea's amalgamation (Devonian-Carboniferous) whereas others considert it a remnant of the mostly subducted Rheic ocean after Gondwana-Laurussia collision. The Shanderman eclogites, in NW Iran are a potential candidate to represent the Paleotethys ocean. They are metamorphosed oceanic rocks (protolith oceanic tholeiitic basalt with MORB composition). Eclogite occurs within a serpentinite matrix, accompanied by mafic rocks resembling a dismembered ophiolite. The eclogitic mafic rocks record different stages of metamorphism during subduction and exhumation. In this talk I will show the new petrological, geochemical and geochronological results from this eclogites to shed light on the Paleotethyan problem.


The licensing of intellectual property rights in patent, copyright and trademark has grown along with the role of intellectual property in the global economy. Increasingly, the licensing of these assets is occurring multi-nationally. As this trend continues, special attention should be paid to the treatment of the licensed rights in the event of bankruptcy of either party to the license agreement. Intellectual property licenses place special obligations and rights upon contracting parties. Often, the subject intellectual property of a particular license can be the basis for a licensee's entire business model. If the licensor of the rights in that subject intellectual property goes bankrupt, the licensee's rights under the license could be in jeopardy. Similarly, a non-debtor licensor could face significant losses in royalties and in control of the intellectual property rights if the licensee files bankruptcy. Despite these unique issues facing parties to licenses of rights in intellectual property, there is no universal consensus as to how the rights and obligations of licensing parties should be handled in the event of the insolvency of one of the parties. The insolvency laws that address the matter are highly complicated and are not consistent across different jurisdictions, either in terms of domestic interpretations of the law or, on a global level, in terms of dissimilar laws of various states. . . .


The current study was carried out to investigate the effect of using the Total Physical Response method to teach English for specific purposes students at Arrass College of Technology; Saudi Arabia. It also investigates the effect of using this method on the productive and receptive abilities of the students. Part of this study investigates which is easier to learn nouns or verbs. The subjects of the study were 20 freshmen. They were divided into two groups; one to be taught using the Total Physical Response method and the other using the translation method. Data was collected using two immediate tests and two delayed tests for each group. The final results showed that the group who were taught using the Total Physical Response method outperformed the other group and that their ability in retaining more words receptively after a delayed period of time was significantly better than the translation method group. Finally, the study did not prove which is easier to recall verbs or nouns, as the result showed that


Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), commonly known as drones, have revolutionized various industries with their diverse applications. As the demand for seamless and intuitive drone control grows, researchers are exploring innovative approaches to improve human-swarm interaction. This paper presents a novel method for operating a swarm of drones in real time using wearable technology and machine learning. Through the integration of motion capture data and classification algorithms, we strive to achieve an intuitive level of control that is accessible to users with varying skill levels. While the full realization of this approach remains a work in progress, our research lays the groundwork for future endeavors in this domain. In this paper, we discuss the limitations of existing control methods and present our methodology for data preprocessing, model training and testing, and result analysis. Our findings indicate the potential of this approach and open avenues for refining the interaction between humans and drone swarms.


- Student housing plays an important role in achieving of high-quality education. Significant evidence of the inadequacy of these important facilities among public universities in Nigeria have been provided. It was further noted that there is a lack of adequate information within the private institutions in the country with regards to this situation. Based on this context, this study was carried out to evaluate the housing situation of students at the University of Ibadan


is no ancient Greek word for this, because no such right was recognized; an Athenian might try to keep secret anything that was discreditable to him (not merely private business, in sense 1, but public business too, if he had embezzled public funds for example), but such information was never private in the sense that he had a right to keep it secret and his neighbours were required to take no interest in it. Do not misunderstand this review. The book contains interesting suggestions about Athenian society, many of which may well be true. But they will not be proved true by evidence about villagers in Portugal or Morocco. Careful and accurate interpretation of the ancient Greek texts is required.


The versatile solvent system of n-hexane-chloroform-dioxane-water in the ratio 90:10:40:5 was used for the partition chromatographic isolation of corticosteroids. The relative amounts of the components may be adjusted if necessary to give a convenient partition coefficient on a diatomaceous earth column. Data are presented for 17 steroids, showing the close agreement between partition coefficients predicted from chromatographic elution curve data and those calculated from solvent extraction data. A procedure for the experimental determination of column parameters is given, and the necessary equations are outlined. The prediction of peak elution volumes and solute bandwidths as a function of partition coefficients from the derived equations is demonstrated, and the quantitative effect of varying the stationary phase volume and column length is calculated. The effect of steroid side-chain structure and fluoride substitution on the partition coefficient was studied. The effect of the substituents can be estimated from their expected polarity.


Objective: To evaluate the best treatment for the pain after PPK. Methods: 240 cases were divided into 4 groups after PRK: Group I was treated with 0.1% diclofenac topically, Group II 1% celluvisc topically, Group III 0.1% diclofenac+1% celluvisc topically. Tablets valium and sanlitong were given to the above 3 groups in SOS. Group Ⅳ was treated with 0.1% diclofenac+1% celluvisc topically and long acting tablets tramadol and valium. Self evaluation of pain, duration time of sleeping in the night of surgery, the dosage of analgesic and healing time of corneal epithelium were observed respeceively. Results: There were obvious pain in Groups I, II and III, the self evaluation of pain scores were estimation fraction was 5.9±0.72, 6.3±0.69, 5.6±0.71, respectively; the duration of sleeping were 3.9±0.23, 3.6±0.27 and 3.8±0.31 hours; the dosage of tablet sanlitong were 1.85±0.71, 1.95±0.93, 1.65±0.66 grams. There was only slight pain in Group Ⅳ, the self evaluation of pain score was 2.7±0.43, duration time of sleeping was 6.7±0.20 hours. No significant differences of healing time of corneal epithelium were observed among the 4 groups. Conclusions: The analgesic effect of Group Ⅳ is the best. It is valuable for clinical use.


Cross sections for the fusion of /sup 28/Si+/sup 12/C and /sup 30/Si+/sup 12/C have been measured at energies between 6.4 and 9.4 MeV/nucleon and 5.2 and 8.3 MeV/nucleon, respectively. Comparison with existing data for compound systems with A = 40 and 42 shows that the extracted critical angular momentum at saturation (l/sub cr//sup max/) depends strongly on the entrance channel mass asymmetry. This effect is not accounted for by the standard entrance channel or compound nucleus models. A calculation of the conditional saddle-point shapes for touching spheroidal nuclei indicates that this mass asymmetry effect is a consequence of the dynamical fusion thresholds at high angular momentum. Quantitative agreement is obtained with the experimentally measured l/sub cr//sup max/ using the finite range model of Sierk for diffuse-surface nuclei.


The current study examined the impact of age, gender, educational level on autobiographical memory (AM) among a sample of individuals in the Saudi society. The study sample consisted of (n = 126) participants of both sexes, who were randomly selected and are represented different age groups, as well as different educational levels. AM was measured by using an inventory prepared for the purpose of the study, and was tested for its validity and reliability. The results showed a positive and statistically significant relationship (p <.01) between the current age of the participants and the age of their remembrance, which indicates that personal memories of the individuals in the Saudi society are considered constant with either the increase in age, or differences in gender and educational level. There were also statistically significant differences (p <.01) between males and females in the average age of remembering, and the differences were in favor of females, and this is consistent with previous studies on the preference of females over males in retrieving personal memories. The results also showed that there are statistically significant differences between youth and elderly participants of both sexes in the average age of recall, and that these differences were in favor of the youth category, which means that youths are more capable than elders in retrieval of AM. The results also indicated statistically significant differences (p <.05) in the average age of remembering among the participants according to differences in their educational levels. Where those who received an education were more able to retrieve autobiographical memories from early ages. The content of autobiographical memories among participants in the current study are in line with those found in previous research, taking into account differences in social and cultural practices. The study came out with a set of recommendations based on its results, together with issues arising from those findings.


2nd edition of the annual Innovation Economics for Antitrust Lawyers Conference organised by Concurrences Review in partnership with King's College London.


In this letter, we consider multi-pair two-way relay networks where multiple user pairs simultaneously exchange information via a common multi-antenna relay station. We develop a relaying protocol based on analogue network coding to avoid inter-pair interference in such networks. The user pair selection and power allocation for active user pairs are developed and integrated in the design to enhance the system sum rate. Numerical results show that our proposed design can significantly increase the sum rate compared with the existing scheme.


The use of history textbooks is one of the keys to achieving the goals of historical education. Textbooks play an essential role in building students' historical empathy. A textbook present a reflective narrative that historical empathy. This study analyzes its narration in history textbooks has represented the aspect of historical empathy. The literature study method was used in this study. The object of research and data sources consist of 4 books from 3 publishers. Data analysis in this study was carried out by content analysis. The reliability used in this study is stability reliability, namely the reliability obtained by rereading the research data to understand the document. The results show that the books used by students had not fully the reflective narrative achieving historical empathy. There is no interrelation point of view. The textbook does not explore the thoughts. In addition, overall, books published by the Ministry of Education and Culture more reflective narratives that support the achievement of historical empathy compared to published by private publishers.


A manometer for use in ultrahigh vacuum systems that need not be disturbed for bake-out is described. The principle used is the detection of a change in capacitance between two parallel-plate disks, one of which acts as a set-zero probe, the other being connected to a sensitive bellows system which responds to a difference in pressure. A diagram of the instrument is presented. The sensitivity of the manometer can be adjusted by varying a potentiometer on the proximity meter and by altering the parallelplate gap by means of the micrometer. (M.C.G.)


TEAM 4 | The Axion Dark Matter Experiment at High Frequency (ADMX HF) is an experiment in search for the Axion, a highly motivated dark matter candidate. The Axion can be measured by looking for its conversion to detectable microwave photons in a resonant microwave cavity that is in the presence of a large magnetic (cid:12)eld. The power generated from axion-photon conversions in the cavity is a func-tion of the electric (cid:12)eld structure of the particular mode that the cavity is tuned to. Here I will present on techniques to directly measure the electric (cid:12)eld of a microwave cavity by perturbing it with a small dielectric bead (also known as a \bead-pull" measurement) and comparing it with the natural resonant frequency. These results can be compared directly to expected (cid:12)eld patterns from simulation. I also will present on plans for future measurements of cavities with tuning rods to measure mode localizations near the TM010 and higher order modes.


After many unsuccessful attempts to obtain biologically active mRNAs from dry seeds of Davidia involucrata using available protocols,an effective procedure modified from Vicient and Delseny (1999) is developed.This method is based on the use of 8mol/L LiCl in the extraction buffer followed by phenol extractions.The differences with respect to the original method are the inclusions of 2% soluble PVP (10000Da) and 10 mmol/L cysteine in the extraction buffer to avoid oxidation of polyphenolics,the reduction in the number of phenol extractions,freezing the seeds for 10 minutes instead of using quarts.The author modifications conquer the perishing oxidation of polyphenolics,in their oxidized forms,polyphenols can covalently bind to proteins and nucleic acids; and permit the recovery of and an average of 240 μg total RNA per g of the seeds that is suitable for translation in vitro,northern hybridizations,and the construction of cDNA libraries.


The two-phase structure of the acrylonitrile–styrene copolymer grafted onto ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM) was investigated using an electron microscope. It was found that the microstructure depends on the solvent system for graft copolymerization, separation of the graft copolymer, and the processing procedure. The graft EPDM phase forms the discontinuous phase in chlorobenzene and in the toluene–ethyl acetate mixed solvent, whereas it is the continuous phase in the hexane–ethyl acetate mixed solvent. The phase inversion of the rubber phase in the case of the latter is carried out partially in the separation procedure and completely in the processing procedure.


Purpose: The epicanthal fold is a normal finding in the medial portion of the upper eyelid in many Asians. We describe a simple technique of removing the excess muscle and softening or eliminating the epicanthal fold without making incisions in the medial canthal region, thus avoiding complications such as scarring or web formation Methods: Interventional case series. The subcutaneous epicanthoplasty was performed on all Asian patients undergoing concurrent upper eyelid blepharoplasty or aponeurotic ptosis repair. Results: Thirty-eight Asian patients underwent epicanthal fold correction between January 1996 and December 2000. All patients had softening of the epicanthal fold; however, some cases of mild undercorrection were noted. Conclusions: Softening or elimination of the Asian epicanthal fold can be accomplished without making skin incisions in the medial canthal region. Our technique is a simple, graded procedure that can be performed in conjunction with upper blepharoplasty or ptosis repair.


Image denoising is a main issue found in medical images and computer vision issues. There are different existing techniques in denoising image but the significant property of a decent image denoising model is that eliminate noise beyond what many would consider possible just as protect edges. Digital images accept a fundamental part both in step-by-step medical image applications, for instance, satellite TV, figured tomography. This method implemented for removing the noise from the lung cancer medical images with securing, transmission and gathering and capacity and recovery measures. This paper presents a preprocessing calculation which is named as Preprocessing Profuse Clustering Technique (PPCT) in light of the super pixel clustering. K-Means clustering, Simple Linear Iterative Clustering, Fusing Optimization algorithms are engaged with this proposed Preprocessing Profuse Clustering Technique and is additionally utilized for denoising the Lung Cancer images to get the more exact outcome in the dynamic interaction.


The contents of organic matter,total nitrogen phosphorous and potassium,and effective nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium at different layers of soil in mulched irrigated.immulched unirrigated and irrigated pear orchards were determined.The results showed that the contents of the organic matter and total nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium increased in the topsoil (0~20cm) while in the lower layer of soil droped.The contents of effective potassium,especially effective phosphorous at different layers of soil mulched with stalks obviously increased.The amount of the latter in the topsoil increased by threefold or more.The mulching increased the content of effective nitrogen in the lower layer of soil but not in the topsoil.


The invention discloses a powder sprinkling device, comprising: a powder sprinkling shelf, a motor mounted at the lower end of the powder sprinkling shelf, sealing plates and a powder sprinkling hopper that are arranged at the upper end of the powder sprinkling shelf, a powder sprinkling roll that is positioned at the lower end of the powder sprinkling hopper and has a surface carved with uniform punctate symbols, a brush roll and a copper scraper that are respectively disposed at the two ends of the powder sprinkling roll and are respectively connected to the motor through a conveyer belt, a vibrating screen installed on the powder sprinkling shelf below the powder sprinkling roll by means of four springs, a vibrating motor mounted on the vibrating screen, an eccentric wheel disposed on the rotating shaft of the vibrating motor, a pressure spring cushioned under at the bottom of the vibrating motor and the vibrating screen and installed in a pressure spring base that is fixed the powder sprinkling shelf. With more uniform powder sprinkling, the device of the invention improves the quality of powder sprinkling products, reduces the labor intensity, and enhances the production efficiency.


This paper describes the FPGA design of a general purpose and high speed Viterbi decoder which can be used in cdma2000 mobile communication system. This decoder can decode data with varible code rate and frame length. Meanwhile ,this decoder reaches high speed to 588 kbit/s by taking 4ACS parallel structure.This Viterbi decoder can be used in 3G mobile communication sysetmes and other systems.


Skull-stripping separates the skull region of the head from the soft brain tissues. In many cases of brain image analysis, this is an essential preprocessing step in order to improve the final result. This is true for both registration and segmentation tasks. In fact, skull-stripping of magnetic resonance images (MRI) is a well-studied problem with numerous publications in recent years. Many different algorithms have been proposed, a summary and comparison of which can be found in [Fennema-Notestine, 2006]. Despite the abundance of approaches, we discovered that the algorithms which had been suggested so far, perform poorly when dealing with tumor-bearing brain images. This is mostly due to additional difficulties in separating the brain from the skull in this case, especially when the lesion is located very close to the skull border. Additionally, images acquired according to standard clinical protocols, often exhibit anisotropic resolution and only partial coverage, which further complicates the task. Therefore, we developed a method which is dedicated to skull-stripping for clinically acquired tumor-bearing brain images.


When World War I began, the U.S. possessed a chemical industry well on its way to becoming the largest in the world. The war assured the premier position to the U.S. It is thus not surprising that the U.S. also was the first country to see chemical engineering— a subject by its nature closely allied to the chemical industry— emerge as a disciplined, organized activity. In the nineteenth century, the British chemical industry, especially the heavy industry producing sulfuric acid, caustic soda, and allied substances, had been predominant. And it was in the heartland of that heavy industry, in Manchester, that George E. Davies produced the first "Handbook of Chemical Engineering" in 1901. The handbook gave currency to the term chemical engineering. However, the British were slow to follow up on Davies' initiative. In the new world it was easier to innovate, especially in educational matters. Already in the 1850s, the University of Pennsylvania was ...


In spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado‐Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), the expanded cytosine adenine guanine (CAG) repeat in ATXN3 is the causal mutation, and its length is the main factor in determining the age at onset (AO) of clinical symptoms. However, the contribution of the expanded CAG repeat length to the rate of disease progression after onset has remained a matter of debate, even though an understanding of this factor is crucial for experimental data on disease modifiers and their translation to clinical trials and their design.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of a cyber-physical system (CPS). The current industry applied it. The method used in making this paper is a systematic literature review. From the results of the literature study, the author founded that CPS is a management model in industry 4.0 that applies the principle of integration of cyber-physical and cyber humans. Cyber human systems (CHS) can provide information feedback at every level because social workers have inherent intelligence, which can be exploited naturally for self-adaptation, corrective, and preventive actions. The CHS configuration level serves as a supervisory control so that decisions made at the level of cognition can be applied, and human workers follow corrective and adaptive measures. As an implication, the role of humans is still vital in industry 4.0.


The cluster approach to magnetic susceptibility (CAMS) has been used to determine the spin‐Hamiltonian parameters for the quasi‐one‐dimensional next‐nearest‐neighbor chain compounds Cu(HzH)Cl3(J1=−4.84, J2=−5.66), Cu(amp)Cl2 (J1=−3.79, J2=−3.24), and Cu(Me3en)Br2 (J1=−3.45, J2=−3.06). We will explain the magnetic behavior of these compounds in terms of various structural parameters. Specifically, the discussion will focus on the possibility of predicting the magnitude and nature of the exchange coupling based on the geometry of the bridge, as well as the onset of phase transitions based on the extended structures.


First, we are grateful to Alizadeh for alerting us on the methodological limitations in our articles. We value the feedback on the methodological limitations in this metaanalysis. Thus, in this reply, we have endeavored to respond to the point highlighted by Alizadeh. As Alizadeh reports, there are only five studies (McCann et al., 2001; Dalvi et al., 2007; Biel et al., 2011; Bravi et al., 2015; Canchola et al., 2015) reporting the associations between dietary patterns and EC risk. However, we cannot ignore the effect of food groups on the risk of EC, although they do not represent whole diet. To our knowledge, the association of diet with the risk of EC has been inconclusive. Besides, although some studies have reported the decreased risk of EC associated with fruits and vegetables, an international panel of experts concluded that the evidence for the association of vegetable and fruit consumption with EC risk is limited and inconsistent. Thus, to minimize error, the authors ensured that the defined dietary patterns were similar with regard to the main factor, loadings of foods, which are consumed within those whole diets. For example, the first pattern, named as healthy pattern, is characterized to have high loadings of foods such as fresh vegetables and fruit, whole grain, fish, soy, and antioxidants (e.g. vitamins C and E, flavonoids, and carotenoids), and low fat dairy. The second pattern was named as 'western-style' dietary pattern, which is characterized to have high consumption of – for example, red and/or processed meat, refined grains, sweets, high-fat dairy products, butter, potatoes and high-fat gravy, and low intakes of fruits and vegetables. Higher intake of meat may reflect a western dietary behavior and lifestyle. Thus, we considered meat intake in the studies by Genkinger et al. (2012), Shu et al. (1993), and Arem et al. (2013) as a western dietary pattern.


In the present work, the addition of ethanol to endothermic gas during the carburizing process of DIN 17NiCrMo7 steel gears was investigated with the objective of determining the impact on carbon surface concentration and microstructure. The materials were carburized at 870°C and 930°C, oil quenched, tempered and subsequently shot peened. Carburizing was carried out in a continuous industrial furnace for a total of 280 min. After quenching and tempering, the in-depth carbon concentrations were determined through quantitative chemical analysis and the resulting profiles were modeled in order to obtain carbon diffusivity constants. The amount of retained austenite and austenite grain size, determined by X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy, were found to increase with carburizing temperature. Residual stress profiles were also determined by X-ray diffraction before and after the shot-peening process. The microstructure of the specimens was further investigated by transmission electron microscopy, which revealed the presence of BCC martensite before and after shot-peening. The enrichment of the endothermic gas carrier with ethanol could be shown to be a viable option, allowing for surface concentrations of up to 0.8%C.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


IEEE 802.11 wireless networking is now one of the most common methods of connectivity, and with it, a new range of security and reliability issues. While a Software Defined Networking (SDN) approach has made significant inroads with these problems in wired networks, the impact has not been as notable in the wireless networking space. One reason for this is that the existing SDN approach, predominately OpenFlow, is restricted to the network interface level as their match-action pipelines are only capable of processing Ethernet frames and cannot, therefore, address the underlying wireless elements. The introduction of the P4 programming language allows developers to create custom data planes which can include definable packet parsers. This functionality enables the construction of data planes capable of parsing IEEE 802.11 wireless frames. In this paper, we develop a new P4 compiler extension called WP4 to enable the creation of a P4 data plane accessible by a Linux wireless driver. It allows the processing of previously inaccessible management frames such as beacons, probes and de-authentication. Finally, we provide example scenarios for this novel approach and a performance evaluation of the WP4 implementation.


Plane-strain finite element simulations were used to study the influence of underlying weak soil layers on the amount of displacement required to mobilize passive pressures against a frictionless wall pushed into an upper clay layer. The clay material constitutive model consists of nested Von-Mises yield surfaces and nonlinear kinematic hardening law. Results of the analyses indicate that underlying weak soil layers can significantly soften the passive load transfer behavior, resulting in large displacements required to mobilize passive pressures. Parameters that were varied included the strength of the underlying clay layer, the thickness of the upper clay layer, and the length of the soil domain. The softening effect was most pronounced when the underlying clay layer was weakest and thickness of the upper clay layer was smallest. The effect became less pronounced when the underlying clay layer strength was increased, and when the upper clay layer thickness was increased. Pressure oscillations were observed in the analyses due to near incompressibility of the soil as the tangent shear modulus approached zero. These oscillations were reduced by adjusting the Cauchy stress tensor such that the vertical stress was equal to an assumed value equal to the initial vertical stress. ABSTRACT: Plane-strain finite element simulations were used to study the influence of underlying weak soil layers on the amount of displacement required to mobilize passive pressures against a frictionless wall pushed into an upper clay layer. The clay material constitutive model consists of nested Von-Mises yield surfaces and nonlinear kinematic hardening law. Results of the analyses indicate that underlying weak soil layers can significantly soften the passive load transfer behavior, resulting in large displacements required to mobilize passive pressures. Parameters that were varied included the strength of the underlying clay layer, the thickness of the upper clay layer, and the length of the soil domain. The softening effect was most pronounced when the underlying clay layer was weakest and thickness of the upper clay layer was smallest. The effect became less pronounced when the underlying clay layer strength was increased, and when the upper clay layer thickness was increased. Pressure oscillations were observed in the analyses due to near incompressibility of the soil as the tangent shear modulus approached zero. These oscillations were reduced by adjusting the Cauchy stress tensor such that the vertical stress was equal to an assumed value equal to the initial vertical stress.


Abstract:Maurice Blanchot's first novel, Thomas l'Obscur , contains a very intense episode in which the protagonist encounters the night. Close attention to the language and development of this episode indicates a proximity to Descartes' method of scepticism. However, Blanchot significantly extends and suspends Descartes' method, which leads to a reconfiguration of thought itself in such a way that it places in question the notions of sameness and difference as well as the relation of thought to literature and existence.


This article explores the material and domestic world of the elite from Santiago de Cuba from the perspective of the Arts. In particular, it shows how a study of furniture highlights the changes that occurred between 1830 and 1868: in terms of mentalities and the idea of comfort in the bourgeois world of Santiago society on the one hand; and, on the other, the impact of a large and dynamic group of people who, coming from Saint Domingue or directly from France, settled in the city. Its aim is to demonstrate how the material world of Santiago's aristocracy was transformed by the influence of customs brought by the French settlers in the city.


Early‐life cognitive enrichment may reduce the risk of experiencing cognitive deterioration and dementia in later‐life. However, an intervention to prevent or delay dementia is likely to be taken up in mid to later‐life. Hence, we investigated the effects of environmental enrichment in wildtype mice and in a mouse model of Aβ neuropathology (APPSWE/PS1dE9) from 6 months of age. After 6 months of housing in standard laboratory cages, APPSWE/PS1dE9 (n = 27) and healthy wildtype (n = 21) mice were randomly assigned to either enriched or standard housing. At 12 months of age, wildtype mice showed altered synaptic protein levels and relatively superior cognitive performance afforded by environmental enrichment. Environmental enrichment was not associated with alterations to Aβ plaque pathology in the neocortex or hippocampus of APPSWE/PS1dE9 mice. However, a significant increase in synaptophysin immunolabeled puncta in the hippocampal subregion, CA1, in APPSWE/PS1dE9 mice was detected, with no significant synaptic density changes observed in CA3, or the Fr2 region of the prefrontal cortex. Moreover, a significant increase in hippocampal BDNF was detected in APPSWE/PS1dE9 mice exposed to EE, however, no changes were detected in neocortex or between Wt animals. These results demonstrate that mid to later‐life cognitive enrichment has the potential to promote synaptic and cognitive health in ageing, and to enhance compensatory capacity for synaptic connectivity in pathological ageing associated with Aβ deposition.


Abstract This study proposes a deep learning-based approach to optimize power systems with hybrid renewable energy sources (HRES) using particle swarm optimization (PSO). The proposed algorithm is evaluated against the iterative optimization method to evaluate its efficacy. The study focuses on the network layer between the local HRES controllers and the distributed power control hub, where loads and renewable energy sources are aggregated and tested for their ability to interact with a centralized unit. The proposed method utilizes data from a variety of sources, both live and archived, to develop a Grey Wolf Optimization strategy for enhancing mitigation efforts and decreasing power quality disruptions. The system's efficiency is improved by algorithms, giving designers the flexibility to build a more flexible system while switching between various energy sources to produce electricity. The study also includes a deep learning-based approach to power forecasting and optimum sizing to minimize the system's cost while keeping its dependability. The proposed approach can help rural areas reduce their reliance on fossil fuels and improve dispatch efficiency, ultimately saving utility money.


Discussion concerning the future of the European Court of Human Rights concentrates around the outcome of the Interlaken, Izmir and Brighton Conferences (the so-called post-Brighton process). In general, it is the right way to proceed. However, we should not forget that there have been significant developments in the last few weeks that have a significant impact on the future of the European Court of Human Rights and, indeed, on the Convention system as a whole - United Kingdom ministers have started to openly discuss a possible exit from the Convention, Russia – Member State of the Council of Europe – decided to illegally invade and occupy the territory of Ukraine, another Member State of the Council of Europe.


Provided are an ore composition for generating small molecule water and a water generator and a seawater desalination equipment made therefrom, and a method for generating small molecule water. The ore composition contains a tourmaline in a content of 5-15 wt%; a quartz in a content of 5-15 wt%; a magnetic clay in a content of 25-35 wt%; a dolomite in a content of 15-20 wt%; a shale in a content of 15-20 wt% and a porcelain clay in a content of 5-25 wt%. The water generator contains the ore composition and an energy supply unit. The seawater desalination equipment contains the ore composition, a heat supply unit and a condensation unit. The method for generating small molecule water is applying the ore composition in water or an aqueous solution and providing energy.


Ayurveda the science of life gives importance to the balance between nature and human relationship; and Rasashastra, one of its associate wings can be considered to hold a key role since it deals in almost all the substances created by nature and marshals then for alleviating the diseases. The therapeutic efficacy of drugs depends upon the genuineness of raw material and right. Shilajeet is an important herbomineral drug among the Maharasa. Describing its importance Charaka has said, "there is hardly any curable disease which cannot be alleviated or cured with the aid of Shilajeet. Aim of study is to evaluate the Physico-chemical parameterof Salsaradi Gana Bhawit Shilajatu. Shilajatu and all raw drugs were obtained from P.G. Department, G.A.C.H. Patna and Shilajeet Shodhana was done by Triphala Kwatha and three times Bhawana by Salsaradigana (Dravyas) Kwatha. All samples were analyzed at Laboratory of Govt. Ayurveda College and Hospital Patna. It found that Shilajatu after Bhawana appeared as semi solid colour brownish black, soft in consistency and having typical smell.


This paper investigates the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects on the blood flow. Rheological properties of blood have been taken into account through the constitutive equations of a micropolar fluid. Unsteady nonlinear differential system is solved numerically by employing finite difference method. Explicit results of axial velocity, flow rate and wall shear stress are obtained and analyzed. It is found that an applied magnetic field reduces the blood flow rate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, H 44870, USA Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, 195 Marstellar Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, O 80521, USA


Chemical engineering students (from left) David J. Grattan, Frederick E. Bakun, and Larson C. Lindholm from the University of Arizona, Tucson, edged out three other finalists to win $1,500 in the plastics recycling competition held at the annual meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) in Miami Beach this month. The competition, cosponsored by AIChE and the American Plastics Council, asked students to use innovative recycling technologies to design an economical and environmentally sound process for recycling mixed plastics recovered from municipal solid waste. The Arizona team chose a versatile dissolution process, designing separate processing units for communities with different recycling loads, and integrated the units to achieve maximum benefits. "We spent a lot of time making sure one unit complemented the other," noted Lindholm. The Arizona process allows for production of marketable polyblends—a vinyl siding, which, the team said "could be used for hog housing"; laminating m...


The ISS and NISS will be calculated for all patients admitted to a Level I Trauma Unit according to international norms using the Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) 90 handbook. The predictive value of the scores in relation to mortality will then be compared. In addition a Maximal Injury Severity Score (MISS), a system which has never been evaluated, will be calculated and compared to the ISS and NISS.


Mesoionic compounds 1–8 were synthesized and their 1H, 13C, 14N, 15N and 17O NMR spectra recorded in the absence and presence of the chiral dirhodium complex Rh*. It is shown that the enantiomers of the mesoionic compounds could be differentiated satisfactorily ('dirhodium method'). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper describes a digital personal scale with low consumption,including hardware principles and configurations as well as software flowchart.The measures of realizing low consumption are also discussed.


Background: Constipation is the difficulty to defecate, which is due to a reduction in bowel movement function and stool movement difficulties. Beside the decreasing of gastrointestinal function, constipation in elderly is also affected by food consumption.
Objective: This study aimed to analyse the dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin C and constipation in senior citizens at Bhakti Dharma Nursing Home Surakarta
Research Methodology: This research used a descriptive study. The data collecting technique used observationand questionnaires. The subjects were 44 senior citizens at Bhakti Dharma Nursing Home of Surakarta.Thedata were taken usingcross-sectional method. Constipation data were collected from questionnaireswhile intakes of calcium and vitamin C were gotten through food record method.
Results of Study: This study showed that the average consumption of calciumsubjects was 189,54 ± 34,4 mg,which was under the Recomended Nutrition Adequacy. The average consumption of vitamin C atthe subjectwas 48,9 ± 4,75 mg, which was under the Recomended Nutrition Adequacy.
Conclusions:Constipation in senior citizens is not only affected by calcium and vitamin C intakes, but also medicine consumption, stress, inadequacy intakes, and liquid consumption.
Keywords: constipation, calcium intake, intake of vitamin C
Bibliography: 44 : (1996-2014)


spring musical are the most popular. The third important segment of the school community are the students. This group includes the students who currently attend the school and those who will attend in the future. Program directors heighten the awareness of future students in various ways. One of the most popular is a clinic or camp that gives the students a sense of the school environment and a light taste of what the school has to offer.


The current social movements in the juvenile justice system of diversion, deinstitutionalization and unofficial handling of status offenders are based on the labeling perspective of deviant behavior (Lemert, 1971; National Council on Crime and Delinquency, 1977). For years, the mission of the juvenile court was conceptualized in terms of active protection, interven tion, and treatment of the "problem child" as defined in a very broad con text. The juvenile court and the judge frequently acted in place of the parents and the school. The juvenile court not only had contact with de linquent children but also with those who were behavior problems at home and school, status offenders, and runaways.


ABSTRACT Having a good understanding of the variety and concentration of rare holdings in our libraries is becoming more and more important, not only for preservation and access purposes, but also for collection management and marketing. This article details how WorldCat's standard search interface can be used to identify holdings unique to particular institutions, or to compare the holdings of one or more institutions based on the relative rarity or ubiquity of the materials in their collections.


Sandwell Museums have a wide variety of exhibitions, events, family fun days, concerts, talks, walks, school holiday fun and much much more.


A field survey was conducted for Duhok valley, fields and orchards in northern Iraq, where water is used for irrigation. Six sites were identified for collecting water samples starting from February 2021 until January 2022 to estimate both (pH, Electrical conductivity (EC25), chloride ions (Cl- ), bicarbonate (HCO3 - ) as well as irrigation parameters such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), sodium percentage (% Na), permeability index (P.I), kelly ratio (K.R), Magnesium hazard (M.H) and potential salinity (P.S). The pollution index (PIJ) model was used to assess water quality for irrigation. The results of the current study indicated that the water quality index (PIj) values ranged between (0.9691 to 1.4559) and that 66.7% of the water samples were from the Lightly polluted water category, and the rest were from the good quality category for irrigation purposes. The relative deterioration of most of the irrigation water samples is attributed to the high concentration of bicarbonate ions (HCO3 - ) and the magnesium hazard (M.H), which reached (7.80) meq. l-1 and (84.0), respectively.


1. A comparative study of the mucin virulence of smooth, converted rough, and respiratory strains of H. influenzae was carried out in mice. 2. The smooth strains were found to be significantly more virulent than either the converted rough or respiratory strains. 3. The converted rough and respiratory strains were found to be approximately equal in virulence. 4. A diminution in virulence was observed in those smooth strains which had dissociated spontaneously either partially or completely.