The biological activity of hydroxytriazenes, Schiff's base and their ternary complexes of zinc (II) with Schiff's base and hydroxytriazenes have been evaluated against E.coli, P.mirabilis, S.aureus and S.faecalis by pathogenicity tests.These tests were carried out by cup or agar well assay method.The antibacterial activity of mixed ligand metal complexes revealed enhanced activity of complexes as compared to


An empirical metal recovery model that accounts for metal dissolution and transport in two domains is presented. The domains are defined as regions of the leach pad with different reaction kinetics and transport properties: a "fast" domain and a "slow" domain. The fast domain is the fraction of the ore that readily releases gold to the leaching solution, and the slow domain releases gold more slowly. The model uses algorithms to allow the estimation of model parameters from column test recovery, particle size distribution and head grade data. To test the functionality of the metal recovery model, it was calibrated to available physical, metallurgical and column testing data from 18 different ore samples, and column test conditions (irrigation rate, reagent concentrations) were evaluated for relationships to model parameters and results. Estimated model parameters and related functions were successfully applied to predict column recovery data for twenty separate ore samples with minimal adjustment. The model was also able to reasonably predict gold recovery from an operational heap after adjusting model parameters to account for reduced recovery at the heap scale, and one parameter (penetration depth) may account for differences in leaching processes that inhibit dissolution or transport. The model results indicate that the recovery model can be used as a relatively simple and reliable operational tool to provide information for management of ore inventories and solution requirements in active heap leach facilities. This model has been filed for patent protection.


The barrier characteristics, barrier height and position, are systematically studied using Prox. 2010 potential for wide range of fusion systems with mass numbers from 6 to 238. We present a pocket formula which reproduces the exact values of the barrier height and its position within the accuracy of ±1%.


Objective: To investigate the effects of hCG on the gene expression of human PBMC IL-8. Methods: Health human PBMC were cultured with hCG at 37 ℃,and 5%CO2 for 8 hours. mRNA of harvested cells were isolated. IL-8 mRNA was quantitated by Real-time RT-PCR. Results: In a certain range of doses,the mRNA expression of IL-8 significantly increased along with the increase of the dose of hCG,and it arrived the peak value at the 8th hour,then fall off to the minimum at the 24th hour. Conclusion: hCG can increase the mRNA expression of IL-8 and it may involve in immune response by regulating the production of cytokines of PBMC.


Phenotypic and genomic dynamics enable bacteria to adapt quickly to various ecological niches and environmental fluctuations such as the presence of xenobiotic compounds. We explored the different adaptive mechanisms in the bacterium Sphingobium francense, which is able to degrade lindane, a chlorinated xenobiotic compound historically used in agricultural and medicine. Previous studies demonstrated the association of mobile genetic elements with lin genes implicated in lindane catabolic pathways. We also observed that the wildtype, sp+, a lindane degrading strain, produces mutants (at a rate of 4 percent per replating) unable to degrade lindane. In order to study the role of mobile genetic elements in the adaptability of this bacterium, we developed an original strategy based on the pyrosequencing data obtained for the genome of Sphingobium francense sp+ and microarray comparative genomic hybridizations. This approach uses a two-color process to estimate the different types of genomic rearrangements that occurred in a mutant genome in comparison to the reference strain sp+ genome. For this study, five non-lindane degrading mutants and one revertant, which recovered the capacity to degrade lindane, were characterized. Analyzes of each microarray showed that the nonlindane degrading mutants underwent large genomic rearrangements and the selected mutants were genetically different. Moreover, we established the proximity between some environmental genes and mobile genetic elements. Some of these regions were deleted in the mutants reinforcing the observation that mobile genetic elements play an important role in bacterial adaptation to environmental perturbation. Thus, all the data obtained confirms the extraordinary plasticity of the Sphingobium genome linked to the presence of multiple mobile genetic elements, which are involved in the instability of lindane degradation capability and other environmental functional genes.


This paper describes a process by which wire frames of polyhedra may be generated from multiple range views of a scene. Line segments are extracted from each view and transformed into a world coordinate system to produce the wire frames. These wire frames are used in the construction of full polyhedral models with the algorithm of Markowsky and Wesley.


The first three papers in this issue of Biology of Reproduction are minireviews derived from talks delivered during the Mahesh Neuroendocrine Minisymposium at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, 31 July to 3 August 1999, in Pullman, Washington. The minisymposium, titled Neuroendocrinology of Aging, was organized by Dr. Phyllis Wise and included presentations by Dr. Beverly Rubin, Dr. Barry Zirkin, and Dr. Phyllis Wise. The papers included here were submitted to the Editorial Office of Biology of Reproduction and were subjected to the same standards of peer review as all manuscripts published in the journal.


We describe cases of head louse infestation not cured by topical products based on synthetic oils in which all stages of lice survived treatment on more than one occasion. These observations provide evidence that some populations of head lice are developing tolerance/resistance to these physically acting treatments.


Starting from a representation formula for 2 × 2 non-singular complex matrices in terms of 2nd kind Chebyshev polynomials, a link is observed between the 1st kind Chebyshev polinomials and traces of matrix powers. Then, the standard composition of matrix powers is used in order to derive composition identities of 2nd and 1st kind Chebyshev polynomials. Before concluding the paper, the possibility to extend this procedure to the multivariate Chebyshev and Lucas polynomials is touched on.


A roll type eyelash curler includes a rod shaped heating and curling unit able to heat and lift upward an eyelash and to form an eyelash in a wave shape, a power supply unit for supplying an electric power to the heating and curling unit for heating, a controller for controlling the operation of the power supply unit, and a main body 100 for accommodating the above elements, there is provided a roll type eyelash curler which comprises a power supply unit having a cellular phone power connector for receiving an electric power from the cellular phone.


The paper describes the Mortzfeldt's classical method [Mortzfeldt 1896] for the conversion of stand species composition by planting vulnerable forest tree species, specifically oaks, prior to planting of the main species in small clear−cut regeneration centres ("nests", "Locherhieb"). At the same time the position of the Mortzfeldt's method in the felling system classification is established.


Traditionally, AAO tasks controlling hardware were able to operate in a simulation mode, simply ignoring the actual hardware and responding as if the hardware were working properly. However, this did not allow a rigorous testing of the low-level details of the hardware control software. For recent projects, particularly the replacement of the control system for the 3.9m AAT, we have introduced detailed software simulators that mimic the hardware and its interactions down to the individual bit level in the interfaces. By having one single simulator task representing the whole of the hardware, we get a realistic simulation of the whole system. Communications with the simulator task are introduced just above the driver calls that would normally communicate with the real hardware, allowing all of the hardware control software to be tested. Simulation can be partial, only simulating those bits of the hardware not yet available This allows incremental software releases that demonstrate full functioning of complete aspects of the system before any hardware is available, and supports a rigorous 'value-added' approach for tracking the software development process. This was particularly successful for the telescope control system, and has been used since for other projects including the new HERMES spectrograph.


Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) captures some depth information and thereby improves the conspicuity of breast lesions, compared to standard mammography. Using contrast during DBT may also help distinguish malignant from benign sites. However, adequate visualization of the low iodine signal requires a subtraction step to remove background signal and increase lesion contrast. Additionally, attention to factors that limit contrast, including scatter, noise, and artifact, are important during the image acquisition and post-acquisition processing steps. Stationary DBT (sDBT) is an emerging technology that offers a higher spatial and temporal resolution than conventional DBT. This phantom-based study explored contrast-enhanced sDBT (CE sDBT) across a range of clinically-appropriate iodine concentrations, lesion sizes, and breast thicknesses. The protocol included an effective scatter correction method and an iterative reconstruction technique that is unique to the sDBT system. The study demonstrated the ability of this CE sDBT system to collect projection images adequate for both temporal subtraction (TS) and dual-energy subtraction (DES). Additionally, the reconstruction approach preserved the improved contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) achieved in the subtraction step. Finally, scatter correction increased the iodine signal and CNR of iodine-containing regions in projection views and reconstructed image slices during both TS and DES. These findings support the ongoing study of sDBT as a potentially useful tool for contrast-enhanced breast imaging and also highlight the significant effect that scatter has on image quality during DBT.


A series of Ni/CaO-γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method,and the activity of the catalysts were investigated in the CO2 reforming of CH4 by fixed bed continuous reaction.The results show that the activity of the Ni-based catalysts can be enhanced by adding the CaO additive,and it is favorable for the CaO loading of 5% in the Ni/CaO-γ-Al2O3 catalyst.The activity of the catalysts prepared by the co-impregnation method is higher,and the activity of the catalysts calcined at 723 K and reduced at 823 K is higher.The total carbon conversion in the CO2 reforming of CH4 at 973 K reaches 83.4% by using the Ni/CaO-γ-Al2O3 catalyst prepared under the optimum conditions.


SW-Nivel is levelling software (SW) for balancing of calibration levels of instrumental results of minor milk component measurements (mostly free fatty acids (FFAs) and citric acid (CA), but also other milk minor components) in routine laboratory network for support of their accuracy and mutual comparability, which means the improvement of measurement result reliability. It could be important for control of prevention of dairy cow production disorders including mastitis by their correct identification. The SW has been developed on the basis of previous own research and knowledge results with aplication of minor milk component calibrations (FFAs and CA) and with respect to professional literature results in given field. Basis for respected knowledge were results of previous proficiency testing (PT) of relevant analytical laboratories which cooperated in a network. This authorized software (ASW) is in use of routine laboratory network (CzechMoravia Breeders Corporation a.s., Hradistko of milk recording (individual (bucket) samples) and milk quality control (bulk (tank) samples).


The rapid participation in online based transactional activities raises the fraudulent cases all over the world and causes tremendous losses to the individuals and financial industry. Although there are many criminal activities occurring in financial industry, credit card fraudulent activities are among the most prevalent and worried about by online customers. Thus, countering the fraud activities through data mining and machine learning is one of the prominent approaches introduced by scholars intending to prevent the losses caused by these illegal acts. Primarily, data mining techniques were employed to study the patterns and characteristics of suspicious and non-suspicious transactions based on normalized and anomalies data. On the other hand, machine learning (ML) techniques were employed to predict the suspicious and non-suspicious transactions automatically by using classifiers. Therefore, the combination of machine learning and data mining techniques were able to identify the genuine and non-genuine transactions by learning the patterns of the data. This paper discusses the supervised based classification using Bayesian network classifiers namely K2, Tree Augmented Naive Bayes (TAN), and Naive Bayes, logistics and J48 classifiers. After preprocessing the dataset using normalization and Principal Component Analysis, all the classifiers achieved more than 95.0% accuracy compared to results attained before preprocessing the dataset.


For the offshore wind turbines (OWTs) located in a seismically active region, the occurrence of earthquakes combined with scour is a highly possible multi-hazard event. This study developed an alternative fragility analysis framework to assess the seismic performance of suction bucket-supported OWTs under the action of scour. First, the probabilistic approach was applied to calculate the occurrence probability of scour depth (SD) and earthquake events. Then, the possible combinations of these two events were considered in the analysis model to establish the fragility surface of the suction bucket foundation. Finally, by integrating the product of scour and earthquake hazard, as well as fragility curves, the suction bucket foundation failure probability was obtained. The developed framework provides a reliable approach to risk assessment for OWT-supporting structures in extreme event situations and can be applied to other complex natural hazards.


Grey cast iron containing a small amount of Cu and Mo to improve the effect of heat treatment and microstructure were cast and them austenitized. After austenitizing the specimens of castings were austempered at 250, 300 and 350. The effects of matrix structures on mechanical properties and fracture characteristics at the different austempering temperature were investigated. Tensile strength, hardness and impact toughness of austempered grey cast iron showed maximum valve 359 MPa, 321 HB, 3.9 CVN respectively at the lowest austempering temperature, 250. of gref cast iron at a austempering temperature, 250, showed maximum 44 MPa. even though the amount of retained austenite in it is only 16%. This mainly comes from the refinement of the retained austenite. Quasi-cleavage pattern with a little fit of fibrous pattern was shown on the fractured surface of austempered grey cast iron at all of the temperatures tested.


The effects of the firing craft parameters on properties of MLCC were studied. The best firing process parameters are work out: firing temperature is 850~880 ℃, soaking 10 mins; φ(O2)controlled by N2/O2 mixing gas is kept at 300×10–6 in binder burn out zone and kept at 10×10–6 in the highest temperature zone; The speed of increasing from zoom temperature to 600 ℃ is controlled to 30~40 ℃/min, The speed of increasing from 600 ℃ to the highest temperature is controlled to 50~60 ℃/min. Using these parameters , and also choosing fit belt kiln, then good quality Ni/ Cu electrode MLCC can be gotten.


The present situation of iron and steel industry in China is reviewed.It is pointed out that the manufacturing and processing technology in the key enterprises have reached a"critical"state,from which independently innovated metallurgical process of iron and steel can be obtained if efforts are continuously contributed.It is described that in the recent 50 years,iron and steel industry changed from processing technology to engineering science,including the searching for equilibrium reduction of liquid steel and steel refining as well as the searching for the un-equilibrium solidification and rolling.The iron and steel industry must be the model of circular economy so as to co-exist with other industries and develop further.Under the guidance of the principle of circular economy,new technology,new processing and new type of steel product must be developed and the ability of designing up to date metallurgy equipments and combined manufacturing must be raised.Through the way stated above,China can be developed from a country of steel with great quantity to a country of steel with great quality.


Desalination of seawater has become an important and growing industry due to the water shortage in some Mediterranean countries. This activity may result in environmental impacts, mainly generated by the discharge into the sea of the concentrate (brine) produced. Data regarding the dispersion of these hypersaline effluents, and about their effects in the marine ecosystem, are very scarce. The objective of this paper is to present some strategies for the monitoring, in time and space, of the brine discharge, and to describe the marine organisms selected as bioindicators for these studies (seagrasses and echinoderms), due to their relevance and high sensitivity to salinity changes.


Background: Pesticides are chemical compounds or chemical compound mixtures that have the ability to eradicate and kill pests. The use of poorly managed pesticides will have a negative impact. The effects of these pesticides can be acute and chronic. Pesticide poisoning can cause hypertension. Gringsing Village, Gringsing District, Batang District has hypertension cases of 1,742 cases. Aim : knowing the association between pesticide use and hypertension incidence on rice farmers in Gringisng Village, Gringsing Sub-district, Batang District Method: This study used cross sectional design with 78 respondents. The variables studied were age, sex, history of disease, length of service, duration of work, dose of pesticide, spraying frequency, spraying time, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), activity, genetic, eating and smoking habit Result : showed that the variables that gave significant results were: Age (p = 0.025), gender (p = 0.014), length of service (p = 0.017), Personal Protective Equipment (p = 0,015), genetic (p = 0,035), and smoking (p = 0.017). Conclusion : Age, sex, length of service, personal protective equipment, genetics and smoking have a relationship with the incidence of hypertension Suggestion: the need to improve farmers' practices in using pesticides


A pilot unit for steam cracking equipped with a transfer line heat exchanger (TLE) that allows for the study of coke deposition in both the reactor and the TLE is presented. The reactor and TLE are made of Incoloy 800HT. The duration of a coking run typically amounts to 32.4 ks. The influence of different dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) addition procedures, i.e., continuous addition, presulfidation and presulfidation followed by continuous addition, on CO production and on coke deposition in the reactor and in the TLE during naphtha cracking is investigated. Presulfidation reduces CO production. However, to obtain a low and stable CO production, continuous addition of sulfur is required. The influence of sulfur addition on coke formation in the reactor can strongly differ from its influence on coke formation in the TLE. In the reactor, as well as in the TLE, the observed influence of sulfur addition is complex and strongly depends on the technique used. The optimal operating conditions for reducing CO production and minimizing coke formation consist of presulfidation followed by continuous dosing.


The segmentation and detection of the small targets in infrared images are the crucial techniques for the ground-air and surface-air missiles.In this paper,the infrared dim target detection based on the wavelet transform and target motion features is studied.For the detection of target motion features,an"AND"pipe is mainly used.A lot of tests have shown that the method proposed here has good robust in detection and can detect dim targets in real time.


Drilling high pressure high temperature (HPHT) wells can present issues with sagging and hole cleaning. Further, horizontal and extended reach drilling (ERD) wells require careful equivalent circulating density (ECD) management due to the high pump rates involved. Surge and swab pressures when breaking circulation or running casing can lead to mud losses in weak formations. Maintaining optimal mud rheology can help overcome these problems, but attaining optimal rheologies in low to medium density clay-free mineral oilbased fluids can be difficult. Adding organo-clays or low gravity solids (LGS) to boost rheology can lead to high ECDs and low rates of penetration (ROP) The new HPHT organic rheology modifier (ORM) imparts optimal rheological properties to low density clay-free invert emulsion fluids (IEF). The IEF thus formulated exhibits enhanced low shear rheology (even at 9.0 ppg) with lower or similar plastic viscosity values when compared to the IEF formulated without the new HPHT rheology modifier. A good low shear rheology implies better hole cleaning and sag control. A low plastic viscosity (PV) implies lower ECD exerted at the bottom. Adding the ORM imparts fragile gel characteristics to clay-free IEFs weighing 9.0 to 18.0 ppg. The rapid gel-to-flow transition helps minimize surge and swab pressures and reduce mud losses. The new HPHT rheology modifier also stabilizes the IEF and provides comparatively low fluid loss values. The need to add LGS to boost rheology is eliminated. Experimental data demonstrating the performance of the HTHP rheology modifier is presented.


Abstract Excess volumes (VE for the binary mixtures of 1-chlorobutane with benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene and bromobenzene have been measured directly by dilatometric method at 303.15 K. Values of VE are negative in all eight binary liquid mixtures. The algebraic values of VE increases from nitrobenzene to benzene. The results are ascribed to interactions between unlike molecules.


Landslide susceptibility mapping is the first and most important step involved in landslide hazard assessment. The purpose of the present study is to compare three nonlinear approaches for landslide susceptibility mapping and test whether coal mining has a significant impact on landslide occurrence in coal mine areas. Landslide data collected by the Bureau of Land and Resources are represented by the X, Y coordinates of its central point; causative factors were calculated from topographic and geologic maps, as well as satellite imagery. The five-fold cross-validation method was adopted and the landslide/non-landslide datasets were randomly split into a ratio of 80:20. From this, five subsets for 20 times were acquired for training and validating models by GIS Geostatistical analysis methods, and all of the subsets were employed in a spatially balanced sample design. Three landslide models were built using support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), and artificial neural network (ANN) models by selecting the median of the performance measures. Then, the three fitted models were compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves (AUC) and the performance measures. The results show that the prediction accuracies are between 73.43% and 87.45% in the training stage, and 67.16% to 73.13% in the validating stage for the three models. AUCs vary from 0.807 to 0.906 and 0.753 to 0.944 in the two stages, respectively. Additionally, three landslide susceptibility maps were obtained by classifying the range of landslide probabilities into four classes representing low (0–0.02), medium (0.02–0.1), high (0.1–0.85), and very high (0.85–1) probabilities of landslides. For the distributions of landslide and area percentages under different susceptibility standards, the SVM model has more relative balance in the four classes compared to the LR and the ANN models. The result reveals that the SVM model possesses better prediction efficiency than the other two models. Furthermore, the five factors, including lithology, distance from the road, slope angle, elevation, and land-use types, are the most suitable conditioning factors for landslide susceptibility mapping in the study area. The mining disturbance factor has little contribution to all models, because the mining method in this area is underground mining, so the mining depth is too deep to affect the stability of the slopes.


Based on the theory of emergy analysis, a modified ecological footprint model was established and applied to evaluate the sustainability of cropland use in Jiangsu Province, with the ecological footprint of the cropland use calculated by the modified model and conventional model compared. The results showed that the ecological deficit of Jiangsu cropland was 0.224 hm2·cap-1 and 0.06 hm2·cap-1, and the ecological sustainability index was 0.29 and 0.41, when calculated with the modified model and conventional model respectively, indicating that the cropland use in Jiangsu was unsustainable. Compared with conventional model, the modified model could make the research results further closer to the reality of Jiangsu cropland use.


Approximately 50 stars in the Orion Nebula region with V=12-14, B−V=0.6-1.2 were observed with the intent of empirically determining the evolution of rotation on the approach to the main sequence. Two fields of about 40' extent were surveyed, Id, centered on the Trapezium region, and Ic1, about 1 degree away. Most of the stars are of 1.0-1.6 M ○. , with apparent ages ranging from 10 6 to a few times 10 7 yr, and all are proper motion members. The observed distribution of v sin i shows a range from less than 15 km s −1 (unresolved) to about 50 km s −1 . There is no clear increase from younger to older stars as they approach the main sequence


Most algorithmic studies on multi-agent information design so far have focused on the restricted situation with no inter-agent externalities; a few exceptions investigated truly strategic games such as zero-sum games and second-price auctions but have all focused only on optimal public signaling. This paper initiates the algorithmic information design of both \emph{public} and \emph{private} signaling in a fundamental class of games with negative externalities, i.e., singleton congestion games, with wide application in today's digital economy, machine scheduling, routing, etc. For both public and private signaling, we show that the optimal information design can be efficiently computed when the number of resources is a constant. To our knowledge, this is the first set of efficient \emph{exact} algorithms for information design in succinctly representable many-player games. Our results hinge on novel techniques such as developing certain"reduced forms"to compactly characterize equilibria in public signaling or to represent players' marginal beliefs in private signaling. When there are many resources, we show computational intractability results. To overcome the issue of multiple equilibria, here we introduce a new notion of equilibrium-\emph{oblivious} hardness, which rules out any possibility of computing a good signaling scheme, irrespective of the equilibrium selection rule.


The aim of this study is to identify the significant role of HR practices in the knowledge spillover process that drives firm innovation and to ascertain doable HR- practices to accelerate this process. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Interviews were transcribed. For analysis, phenomenology is used as a research methodology to cater the essence of the phenomenon (knowledge spillover process) by studying HR-managers lived experiences. Findings validated through subjective saturated evidence of informants. The results based on data analysis revealed that frequent employee interactions, cooperative work environment and participative leadership are considered as the essence of knowledge spillovers. Another objective is fulfilled as Training and development and Employee relations are the two major HR practices that facilitate the knowledge spillover process effectively. This research benefits both academicians and practitioners. For educationist, it propounded a conceptual framework that supports in theory enhancement. For practitioners, effective implementation of HR practices can open new avenues of success for organizations.


IN the June number of this JOURNAL, my colleague, Mr. Alban Doran, recorded a case of cornual gestation which ended in rupture during examination in my out-patient clinic at the Samaritan Hospital, London." The patient was operated upon by Mr. Doran with my assistance, and subsequently bore a child to term in the opposite corm. The specimen obtained by operation was entrusted to my care, and I purpose in this paper to describe its macroscopic and microscopic features.


Wood quality assessment is an important issue in the pulp and paper industry. In this paper an automatic visual inspection system for wood structural quality measurement is described. To improve statistical image segmentation a new logarithm based global contrast enhancement technique is described. Region identification and reconstruction is performed based on local morphological operators with constrained merge operations. A measurement technique, build-up upon a constrained optimisation problem, is described for fibber wall width computation. The method proves computational efficiency. The described inspection system uses only two control parameters. © 1999 Elsev ie r Science Ltd. All r ights reserved.


This paper examines the implementation of recommendations (COs) of the HRC (HRC) monitoring the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in the Netherlands. The main conclusion of this paper is that -the legally non-binding- COs for the Netherlands have proved to be ineffective in terms of securing compliance. That is to say, COs hardly ever lead to policy changes that are the result of those recommendations. This outcome stands in sharp contrast with the considerable influence of the ICCPR at the domestic level, especially in terms of governmental and Parliamentary attention and its role in the legislative process and legal practice. This paper addresses the factors that influence states to comply with the COs with the objective of explaining the causal mechanisms leading to compliance. The paper especially focuses on the instances during which the Government has tried to justify its noncompliance with COs on the basis of the ECHR and especially the jurisprudence of the ECtHR. This paper attributes this line of defense to the dominance of the ECHR in the Dutch legal order, as a result of which other (UN) human rights treaties are often overlooked.


Empirical studies on the influential factors of temporal conceptualization have evinced that emotions and personality traits involving the approach-related motivation tend to produce a preference for the ego-moving perspective. Building on this insight, the current research introduced the positive and approach-oriented trait of resilience and investigated its influence on the contextualized interpretation of movement of event in time. Results indicated that resilience correlated positively with the ego-moving perspective, such that participants with higher resilience scores were more likely to adopt the ego-moving perspective when reasoning about a temporal ambiguity than those with lower such scores (Study 1). Furthering the correlation, Study 2 made a causal inquiry and revealed that participants primed with a resilient attitude chose to perceive themselves as approaching an academically stressful event (in line with the ego-moving perspective) more frequently than did those primed with a maladaptive attitude. Finally, Study 3 examined the reverse impact of temporal perspective on resilience and the results showed that participants exposed to the ego-moving perspective-framed academic adversity tended to vicariously approach the scenario with a resilient attitude more than did those subjected to the same scenario phrased from the time-moving perspective. Taken together, the pattern of results supports the embodied cognition theory by evidencing that conceptually disparate domains may be reciprocally influenced via a shared embodied link.


Native calponin is able to bind 2 mol of calcium binding protein (CaBP) per mole calponin. This study extends this observation to define the 2 domains of interaction, one of which is near the actin binding site, and the other in the amino‐terminal region of calponin. Also, the first evidence for a differentiation in the response of calponin to interaction with caltropin versus calmodulin is demonstrated. The binding of caltropin to cleavage and recombinant fragments of calponin was determined by 3 techniques: tryptophan fluorescence of the fragments, CD measurements to determine secondary structure changes, and analytical ultracentrifugation. In order to delineate the sites of interaction, 3 fragments of calponin have been studied. From a cyanogen bromide cleavage of calponin, residues 2–51 were isolated. This fragment is shown to bind to CaBPs and the affinity for caltropin is slightly higher than that for calmodulin. A carboxyl‐terminal truncated mutant of calponin comprising residues 1–228 (CP 1–228) has been produced by recombinant techniques. Analytical ultracentrifugation has shown that CP 1–228, like the parent calponin, is able to bind 2 mol of caltropin per mol of 1–228 in a Ca2+‐dependent fashion, indicating that there is a second site of interaction between residues 52–228. Temperature denaturation of the carboxyl‐terminal truncated fragment compared with whole calponin show that the carboxyl‐terminal region does not change the temperature at which calponin melts; however, there is greater residual secondary structure with whole calponin versus the fragment. A second mutant produced through recombinant techniques comprises residues 45–228 and is also able to bind caltropin, thus mapping the location of the second site of interaction to near the actin binding site.


Robust engineering allows to analye the behavior of processes in order to reduce its variability. Through the design of experiments, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the signal-to-noise ratio, it is possible to identify parameters settings less sensitive to the cause factors to such variations. Therefore, this work is dedicated to study a manual process of electrostatic painting, realized in machines for mining and civil construction. There was a recent reformulation of the ink used in the process, which required the study of new programming of process parameters. Thus, it is intended to answer the question of which is the best configuration of the parameters of the painting process (liquid flow, air pressure, ink gun cover and ink gun nozzle) that guarantees the lower variability caused by the operator in the thickness of the ink layer? To answer this question, this work is based on a quantitative experimental methodology, robust engineering, aiming to identify the configuration of the process parameters that reduce the variability caused by the noise in the process in question, guaranteeing greater stability and reducing possible losses due to defects in the ink layer. The results confirmed that all the analyzed factors exert significant effects on the layer thickness. Still, this is the indicated optimal combination of factors as: liquid flow = 350 milliliters / minute; air pressure = 6 bar; ink gun cover = 24N379; nozzle of the paint gun = 1.2.


of the original article* By screening a transcriptome database for expressed sequence tags that are specifically expressed in mammary gland and breast carcinoma, we identified a new human cytochrome P450 (CYP), termed CYP4Z1. The cDNA was cloned from the breast carcinoma line SK-BR-3 and codes for a protein of 505 amino acids. Moreover, a transcribed pseudogene CYP4Z2P that codes for a truncated CYP protein (340 amino acids) with 96% identity to CYP4Z1 was found in SK-BR-3. CYP4Z1 and CYP4Z2P genes consisting of 12 exons are localized in head-to-head orientation on chromosome 1p33. Tissue-specific expression was investigated using real-time reverse transcription PCR with normalized cDNA from 18 different human tissues. CYP4Z1 mRNA was preferentially detected in breast carcinoma tissue and mammary gland, whereas only marginal expression was found in all other tested tissues. Investigation of cDNA pairs from tumour/normal tissues obtained from 241 patients, including 50 breast carcinomas, confirmed the breast-restricted expression and showed a clear overexpression in 52% of breast cancer samples. The expression profile of CYP4Z2P was similar to that of CYP4Z1 with preference in breast carcinoma and mammary gland but a lower expression level in general. Immunoblot analyses with a specific antiserum for CYP4Z1 clearly demonstrated protein expression in mammary gland and breast carcinoma tissue specimens as well as in CYP4Z1-transduced cell lines. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy of MCF-7 cells transfected with a fluorescent fusion protein CYP4Z1-enhanced green fluorescent protein and a subcellular fractionation showed localization to the endoplasmic reticulum as an integral membrane protein concordant for microsomal CYP enzymes. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1470903104002962 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 18.104.22.168, on 13 Jul 2019 at 08:09:02, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. Journals Club Review BCO.296.2004.JC doi:10.1017/S1470903104002962 © Cambridge University Press, Breast Cancer Online (www.bco.org) 2004; 7(10) different human CYP genes, excluding pseudogenes and variant alleles, that are subdivided into families and subfamilies on the basis of amino acid sequence similarity [2]. Most xenobiotic-oxidizing CYPs are found in families 1–3, whereas CYPs from family 4 and higher usually mediate endobiotic or vitamin oxidation. In most instances CYPs deactivate lipophilic chemicals, but there are many examples of substrates that exert pharmacological or toxicological effects after oxidation by CYPs. The mutagenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and arylamines is increased by the action of CYPs that generate reactive products that may then interact with cellular DNA. Previous studies have evaluated whether the expression of such CYPs in tumours may be linked to tumourigenesis [3–5]. Knowledge of the biological functions and the cellular regulation of CYPs that are overexpressed in tumours may provide insight into the underlying disease pathology. In addition to the identification of this new gene, a major finding of the study of Reiger et al. was that the median expression of CYP4Z1 mRNA in breast carcinoma samples was at least twice that in normal breast tissue. However, the proportion of samples of tumour and normal that were positive for expression was similar. No major differences in expression were noted between the stages or types of the breast tumour although, as suggested by the authors, the analysis of further well-characterized tumour samples is now warranted. Very low-level expression of CYP4Z1 was detected in ovary, lung, thyroid and prostate. Thus, CYP4Z1 appears to be preferentially expressed in mammary gland and to be overexpressed in cancerous tissue. Other aspects of CYP4Z1 were also elaborated in the study. Like other CYPs, the subcellular location of CYP4Z1 is the endoplasmic reticulum. The CYP4Z1 gene and the pseudogene CYP4Z2P are both located on chromosome 1p33 in close proximity to the related CYP genes 4A11, 4B1 and 4X1. CYP4Z2P itself probably arose from an inverted duplication event and the truncated protein is non-functional because it lacks a substrate-binding region. Low-level transcription of the pseudogene could be due to mRNA instability or the loss of gene regulatory sequences. That the new CYP is a member of the CYP4 family could be very significant. Other members of this family have important homeostatic roles. CYP4A11 is the human fatty acid -hydroxylase that is expressed in a wide range of tissues and is about 90% similar to CYP4Z1 at the amino acid level, with 50% sequence alignment. The terminal hydroxyarachidonate products formed by CYP4A11 modulate local blood pressure [6]. CYP4B1 oxidizes the procarcinogens 2-aminofluorene and 2-ipomeanol to toxic products and its high-level expression in organs of the gastrointestinal tract could be a risk factor for tumourigenesis [7]. CYP4F subfamily enzymes mediate the oxidation of the proinflammatory leukotriene B4 and may therefore regulate inflammatory processes [8]. Some CYP4 enzymes are preferentially expressed in certain cells or organs. Thus, CYP4F3 appears restricted to polymorphonuclear leukocytes, CYP4F12 is found in the small intestine and the recently described CYP4X1 is expressed in brain [8,9]. Variants of CYP4V1 have been implicated in Bietti crystalline corneoretinal dystrophy [10], which is consistent with the assertion that defective CYP alleles may be determinants of disease processes. It has been suggested that the wild-type allele may perform critical fatty acid oxidations in the eye. To appreciate the cellular function of CYP4Z1 further experimentation is required. Heterologous expression of the protein would be useful in evaluating substrate oxidation behaviour, but this should be complemented with studies in fractions from breast cancer tissue. The combined use of these approaches will minimize artefacts due to the low substrate specificities of CYPs when studied in isolation. Information on the regulation of CYP4Z1 could be valuable in accounting for the apparent overexpression of the gene in breast carcinoma. Other CYPs have been detected at very low level in breast tissue. Thus, the study of Hellmold et al. [11] is one of several that detected low levels of CYPs from families 1–3, CYP4A11 and CYP19 (aromatase; estrogen synthase) by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting in mammaplasty samples, consistent with the assertion that breast tissue has drug and xenobiotic-oxidizing capacity. Another study reported the expression of CYP4B1 in breast tissue; these workers did not detect differences in CYP expression between nontumour and tumour tissues [12]. The excellent study of Larsen et al. correlated CYP1B1 overexpression in breast tumours with increased function, including activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [5]. As pointed out by Reiger et al., the identification of tumour-associated antigens may be of diagnostic utility especially given that the number of established breast cancer-specific antigens is limited. Moreover, as further information on the function and regulation of CYP4Z1 emerges, important insights may be obtained into the role of this enzyme in normal breast function and the impact of its apparent overexpression in tumour tissue.


Explored development status and existing shortcomings in development of Sports physiology experiment teaching in Guangxi Normal University,and proposed development trend and rectification proposals for experiment teaching,providing theoretical basis and reference for experiment teaching and curriculum reform.


PurposeThis study examines whether Confucian culture can promote enterprise total factor productivity (TFP), and it also studies how transmission mechanism works on enterprise TFP.Design/methodology/approachBased on the data of A-share listed companies on Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2008 to 2019, this study measures the influence of Confucian culture on enterprise TFP by the number of Confucian academies and Confucian temples within three radius ranges of a company's registered address.FindingsThe empirical results show that Confucian culture has a positive effect on the enterprise TFP. The transmission mechanism test shows that Confucian culture can promote the TFP of Chinese enterprises through reducing agency cost, improving agency efficiency and enhancing innovation.Practical implicationsThe findings in this study provide implications for policymakers, scholars and enterprises. The results show that Confucian culture can enhance the TFP of Chinese enterprises. Especially in emerging markets including China, the Confucian culture, as an informal institution, can effectively complement formal institutions, promoting enterprise TFP.Originality/valueThis study expands the literature on Confucian culture in two aspects: the influence of Confucian culture on TFP and its transmission mechanism. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to identify a link between Confucian culture and enterprise TFP.


With the increase of the difficulty and intensity on competitive movement,the rate of sport injury will become very high in training and competing.By analyzing the biomechanics of metatarsal sport injury,this article sums up materials at home and abroad every year nearby.When skeleton bears the stresses that exceed the range of elasticity,bones may be occurred tiny fractures.Athletes bear increasing load quantity and intensity continuously.For a long time,bones may be fracture.The purpose is to improve the consciousness of safety for people that will be engaged in movement of high intensity,and provide the reliable correlative theoretical basis for improving sport equipments.


Graph processing has attracted much attention recently due to its popularity in many big data analytic applications. With high performance and energy efficiency, FPGAs can be an attractive architecture for graph processing. A number of techniques such as caching using block RAMs (BRAMs) to reduce random accesses of global memory and multiple processing element (PE) instances for high throughput have been explored. OpenCL-based FPGAs natively support a high-level programming paradigm, providing good programmability to developers. However, challenges remain because the run-time dependency introduced by multiple PEs usually cannot be handled efficiently by OpenCL's high-level control granularity. In this paper, we propose a novel on-the-fly parallel data shuffling technique that can be implemented in OpenCL to solve this problem. We have integrated our shuffling technique to an edge-centric graph processing framework which achieves a throughput of more than 1,000 million traversed edges per second (MTEPS) on PageRank, SpMV, BFS and SSSP applications and is even better than existing RTL-based designs.


This paper discusses experimental techniques for obtaining the acoustic properties of in-duct samples with non-linear acoustic characteristics. The methods developed are intended for studies of non ...


SPWM modulation is the important way to improve the invert power supply voltage efficiency and reduce the harmonic component.Based on the characteristic of the sine wave signal,this paper discusses SPWM algorithm principle and preferences of variable rate sampling in details from the following aspects,identifying the time of sampling rate conversion,selection of the sampling rate and calculation of pulsed phasic exchanged points.Finally,the implementation is given by adopting a series of STC12C5410AD SCM for software and hardware.


Probably everyone will agree with Dr. Pearsall's remarks in the April number of this journal as to the necessity for a revision of the North American Geometridæ. The whole group is in a sad state of disorder; the old species are not all well understood and many of the newer ones (Dr. Hulst's and Dr. Strecker's), being unfigured and insufficiently described, are very difficult to identify. It will be some time yet, I fear before anyone will be in a position to attempt a completed monograph, and probably it will be better to take up the work genus by genus, as Dr.Pearsall is doing.


Diabetes worsen myocardial ischemic/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, but the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. Epigenetics regulation is markedly involved in the process. Adiponectin (APN), a cardioprotective adipokine, is suppressed by diabetes, and dysregulated miRNAs are implicated in disease development. However, it is unclear whether hypoadiponectinemia alters cardiac miRNA profile, contributing to diabetic heart injury. Wild-type (WT) and APN knockout (APN-KO) mice were subjected to MI/R and cardiac microRNA profile were determined. Comparing those miRNAs that increased in APN-KO mice following MI/R, miR-449b was most significantly upregulated (3.98-fold over WT mice). Administering miR-449b mimic increased apoptosis, enlarged infarct size, and impaired cardiac function in WT mice. In contrast, anti-miR-449b decreased apoptosis, reduced infarct size, and improved cardiac function in APN-KO mice. In depth Bioinformatic analysis revealed oxidative stress as the top pathway regulated by miR449b. Venn analysis followed by luciferase assay identified Nrf-1 and Ucp3 as the two most important miR-449b targets. Administrating anti-miR-449b to APN-KO mice attenuated MI/R-stimulated superoxide overproduction. High glucose/high lipid in vitro treatment simulated ischemia/reperfusion upregulated miR-449b, leading to inhibition of Nrf-1 and Ucp3. These pathological effects were attenuated by anti-miR-449b or Nrf-1 overexpression. Clinically relevant cohorh study in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice followed with MI/R identified the copied pheonotype. Administration of anti-miR-449b or APN preserved cardiac Nrf-1 expression, reduced cardiac oxidative stress, decreased apoptosis and infarct size, and improved cardiac function. In conclusion, the study shows that hypoadiponectinemia upregulates miR-449b, suppressing Nrf-1/Ucp3 expression, which leads to oxidative stress and worsens MI/R injury. The APN/miR-449b/oxidative stress pathway could potentially be a therapeutic target for diabetic MI/R injury.


Object detection and tracking is important in the field of video processing. The increasing need for automated video analysis has generated a great deal of interest in object tracking algorithms. The input video clip is analyzed in three key steps: Frame extraction, Background estimation and Detection of foreground objects. The use of object tracking and counting; basically cars; is pertinent in the tasks of traffic monitoring. Traffic monitoring is important to direct traffic flow, to count traffic density and check the rules of traffic at traffic signals. In this paper we have presented a technique to avoid human monitoring and automate the video surveillance system. This system avoids the need to have a background image of the traffic. To a given input video signals, frames are extracted. Selected frames are used to estimate the background. This background image is subtracted from each input video frame and foreground object is obtained. After post processing technique, counting is done.


IN his presidential address Colonel Close, the recently appointed Director-General of the Ordnance Survey, raised again the oft-debated question, " What is geography?" His contention that geography, apart from cartography, cannot be treated as a science in itself, but must serve as a common meeting-place and popularising medium for various other sciences, will certainly not be accepted by modern geographers without considerable modification and amplification.


We report the case of 63 year old man found to have a calcified right frontal mass at the site of an 11 year old skull fracture. We present this case in support of the origin of some meningiomas from post-traumatic head injuries. In this case, the point of injury was precisely the site from which the tumour was removed and correlated directly with the traumatic injury to the inner table of the calvarium.

It is of no small consequence that Cushing felt strongly that meningiomas were caused by trauma to the calvarium with resultant meningeal irritation. The well published cases of some of his patients correlated the occurrence of these tumours with prior trauma to the skull and meninges.1 This association was highlighted by the well publicised case of General Leonard Wood and the patient's first craniotomy performed by Cushing in 1909.1 2 The successful removal of a "a brain tumour" on an eminent, public figure ensconced neurosurgery in the public's eye as a specialty in …


ABSTRACT The extraction of uranium from various acid media such as nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and perchloric acid by a macroporous bifunctional phosphinic acid resin (MPBPA) has been studied. The distribution coefficients for the extraction of uranium by the MPBPA resin are compared with the corresponding values reported in literature for the conventional sulphonic acid resin. The results clearly indicate the suitability of the MPBPA resin to recover uranium from different types of acid solutions of widely ranging acidities.


EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC-$0.30 Curriculum Planning, Education, *Graduate Students, *Graduate Study, *Higher Education, Innovation, *Professional Associations, Student Experience, *Student Participation, Student Reaction, Student Teacher Relationship This report examines fallacious assumptions existing in graduate study and in the field of higher education. These assumptions are that: (1) graduate students are excessively supervised; (2) examinations are the best criterion for student selection and for judging professional promise; (3) evaluation is equivalent to education; (4) students learn what is presented to them; (5) truths of education are given; (6) method is more important than substance; (7) students become creative professionals after being passive learners; and (8) graduate students should be regarded as manipulatable objects instead of as persons. Other specific problems are the newness of the field of higher education, its lack of visibility and "respectability," the lack of adequate research opportunity and support for graduate students, and an attempt by a few to maintain the status quo. Graduate students must organize, demand and initiate changes in the curriculum, the hiring and promotion of faculty, the salaries and benefits of graduate students, the availability of research facilities, entrance requirements, their programe and other pertinent areas. (AF) Group 47 41. Tuesday morning and afternoon, March 3


The utility model provides an automatic control system of a windscreen wiper of an automobile, which comprises a single chip, a rainfall sensor, an interface circuit module, a windscreen wiper control circuit and a power supply module, wherein the rainfall sensor is connected with the single chip through the interface circuit module; and the windscreen wiper control circuit is connected with the single chip. According to the utility model, the automatic control system can control work of windscreen wiper automatically according to change of environment; after information input to inside and outside of the automobile by the single chip through the interface circuit module is processed, the work of the windscreen wiper is controlled through the single chip; operational power and notice points of a driver are reduced; therefore, the driver completely concentrates on driving the automobile, which provides guarantee to automobile safety driving.


This paper presents a multiobjective differential dynamic programming approach to constrained discrete-time optimal control. In the backward sweep of the dynamic programming in the quadratic sub-problem, the sub-problem input at a stage or time step is solved in terms of the sub-problem state entering that stage so as to minimize the summed immediate and future cost subject to minimizing the summed immediate and future constraint violations, for all such entering states. The method differs from previous dynamic programming methods, which used penalty methods, in that the constraints of the sub-problem, which may include terminal constraints and path constraints, are solved exactly if they are solvable; otherwise, their total violation is minimized. Again, the resulting solution of the sub-problem is an input history that minimizes the quadratic cost function subject to being a minimizer of the total constraint violation. The expected quadratic convergence of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on a numerical example.


The study explores to identify the psychological factors of technostress in organizations. The data was collected from 100 employees holding middle managerial positions in various IT organizations, based in India. The Cronbach"s alpha of the questionnaire was found to be 0.786 & Pearson correlation was 0.912 (p<0.001). The factor analysis of the component "psychological factors of technostress" led to the extraction of three below mentioned factors from various organizations. The three emerging factors were "techno-cognitive-task-concern", "techno-invasive-emotional-differences", "techno-invasive-task-disagreement" respectively. The results indicate that these factors are major source of cognitive, emotional and interpersonal issues at psychological level which the employees at middle managerial level perceive and experience at work due to technostress in the Indian context.


The aim of this study was to examine whether the assessment BsALP as a biochemical parameter in the early posttraumatic phase may indicate the course of fracture healing. The methods used for monitoring the bone healing process have been based on the patient's subjective evaluation and radiographic findings. The activity of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was measured in the sera of 41 patients who had sustained fractures of long bones. All the patients had been treated surgically. The activity of BsALP was assessed every seven days over a four-week period. The same patients were subject to radiology follow-ups for several months. Our research showed that the increase of alkaline phosphatase correlated with an increase of BsALP levels. The volume of callus correlated with a decrease, no change or an increase in the level of ALP and BsALP in the same way. It can be concluded that the monitoring of changes in the biochemical parameters of alkaline phosphatase and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase allows the early detection of the fracture healing dynamics.


The 2016 implementation of the EU Flood Directive in Spain defines within the flood-prone zones the Preferential Flow Zone (Zona de Flujo Preferente, ZFP). This zone includes a) broadly, the area where the floods flow is concentrated; b) for the 100 years return period flood, the intensive drainage waterway and the zone dangerous to persons. The ZFP is usually defined for the 100 years flood applying hydraulic modelling. However, the calculation of the 100 years flood poses multiple limitations. For instance, different probability distributions produce different results for the same data series, or for rainfall and discharge data, depending on the time interval considered in the calculation, the results are also different. Regarding rainfall, the meteorological radar data are still too new to extrapolate to 100 years. The destruction of meteorological and gauging stations during storms and floods is not rare; hence, a lack of data on major events in the data series can deeply affect the calculations. Furthermore, similar rainfall can produce different discharges due to differences in the antecedent conditions or to land use changes. All the above and the climate change, question the hypothesis of stationarity at the base of the floods return period concept 1 and, thus, its calculation reliability.


By means of domestic commercial banks' accumulated data,the author counts the defaults of the banks' individual mortgage loans of the multi-year,different credit ratings,different identities,different sectors and different regions,makes the nonlinear simulation and examines the related factors of the individual defaults and the fat tail with the Copula function.The results show that there is a relatively low correlation between the housing price,the customer's gender and education level and the probability of default.Within the study samples,these factors do not significantly cause the default.In addition,the credit rating, the income structure and the remaining amount of the collateral are important variables in the individual decision-making of the default.The model used in the paper obtains better results in the pricing and risk management of the individual housing mortgage loans.According to the change of the default,the bank can determine dynamic interest rates and get ready to make up for losses whenever necessary.


Chrysocoris stolli wolf a polyphagous, is found infesting Cassia occidentalies. C.stolli commonly called as cassia occidentalies bug and is a potential biocontrol agent of cassia occidentalies a weed plant effect of various levels of temperature and R.H. on the population of this bug was experimentally observed in laboratory. The optimum temperature at which maximum number of adults and nymphs survived was observed 25+_2 0c.This level match which the field condition of February to April during which average temperature remains 27 0c and maximum activity and breeding occurs in adult bugs population. 60 to 90 percent R.H is found suitable for the survival of this bug.


For exploring the centrifugal casting technology of double spiral roller grinded-paste machine to the influences on the surface quality of castings, this thesis analyzes the barrel of double spiral roller grinded-paste machine by making use of electron microscope and mechanics capability measure, combine reality of producing, optimize the centrifugal casting technology, and give influence rule of he centrifugal casting machine to materials organization and ability of the barrel of double spiral roller grinded-paste machine. The result shows: ability of castings is best when rotate speed of mold is Rpm 1350,thickness of coating is 2.5 mm,casting temperature is 1400℃and mold temperature is 400℃; Organization of centrifugal casting get thinning and present orientation growing, dense of organization raise a lot than ordinary sand mould casting, scanned by the fracture and found out that the toughness of the casting is improve a lot. Harding and wearing of castings are raised.


A study of the action of 68 different bacteria dissolving dicalcium phosphate was made on phosphorite; it only resulted in 12 phosphorus releasing strains.The mobilization of phosphorus by the more active strains from phosphorite in liquid medium was studied, and a significant release of phosphorus was observed.


Investigations were carried out to screen the in vitro derived mutants of banana cv. Robusta (CaveidishAAA) and Rasthali (Silk- AAB) by using certain bio-chemical parameters including some enzyme activities. The mutants tested were Ro Im V4 6-1-1, Ro Im V4 6-1-2, Ro Im V4 6-2-1, Si Im V4 10-5-3, Si Im V4 6-2-5 along with respective susceptible checks (Robusta and Rasthali), tolerant check (AnaikombanAA) and resistant check (Pisang Lilin- AA). Various biochemical assays used were total phenol, tannin content, lignin content, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenyl alanine ammonia lyase and ascorbic acid oxidase. The results revealed that the mutants namely Ro Im V4 6-1-1 and Si Im V4 10-5-3 were found to be resistant while the mutant Ro Im V4 6-2-1 was moderately resistant. The rest of the mutants namely Ro Im V4 6-1-2 and Si Im V4 6-2-5 were found to be susceptible to nematodes. The resistant and moderately resistant mutants of banana could be further used in breeding programmes as well as being recognized as potential cultivars of commerce.


Evidence is presented that an established bacterial gastro-intestinal community can undergo significant changes upon addition of lactobacilli. Indeed, administration of doses of about log 10 8-9 CFU/day were shown to alter the gastro-intestinal community both in terms of population levels and biochemical activities. Four bacterial strains, namely two Lactobacillus plantarum species, Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila , were added separately to the SHIME reactor, an in vitro simulation of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. The survival of these strains and their effect on the performance of the microbial ecosystem were studied. The experiments carried out with the L. plantarum strains revealed significant decreases of CH 4 -production, ?-glucuronidase activity and presence of total anaerobes, methanogens, gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes and enterobacteriaceae. However, within two weeks after the Lactobacillus supplementation was stopped, the ecological balance re-established towards the original microbiota. The results suggest that if these types of Lactobacillus strains were to be used as a probiotic, they should be supplemented daily at doses of 10 8 per capita to obtain a prolonged influence on the intestinal microbiota. Neither of the other strains had a significant effect on methane production or bacterial numbers of methanogens. During the administration of Escherichia coli , the ?-glucuronidase activity increased. Keywords: in vitro simulation, lactobacilli, intestinal microbiota, inoculation efficiency.


The frequency stability of a ship power system is determined by the speed response characteristic of the diesel engine speed regulation system, which is a nonlinear control system. To analyze the dynamic characteristic of this system, a nonlinear mathematical model is built first, and then, a nonlinear H-two/H-infinity controller is designed. In combining the direct feedback linearization with the mixed H-two/H-infinity control theory to design the speed regulator for the dieselgenerator, we transform the specifications of the system to that of a standard H-two/H-infinity control problem, and then develop a nonlinear H-two/H-infinity speed control law for the diesel engine. The computer simulation results show that the nonlinear H-two/H-infinity speed regulator effectively improves the dynamic precision of the system and suppresses the load disturbance, thus providing desirable frequency stability for a ship power system.


Even though the antifogging property of nanosilica coated glass surface is highly increased due to the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups on nanosilica surface, the durability of this property on outdoor glass was diminished rapidly after rain washing. In addition the topology of nanosilica coated glass surface plays very important roles to control an light transmittance or antireflection property. To improve these coating durability and characteristics a hydrophilic nanosilica coating on glass was prepared by coating with 1.5 wt% of nanosilica (Ludox) suspension in the presence of hydrolyzed tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). The optimum hydrolysis condition of TEOS in acidic or basic aqueous solution was also examined by contact angle measurement.The final transparent hydrophilic coating layer coated with nanosilica-TEOS in acidic condition (pH=4) showed much improved durability of hydrophilic surface as well as higher visible light transmittance than original uncoated glass by 2 % point.


The directed carbon fiber preforming (DCFP) process has the potential to create discontinuous fiber architectures with significant levels of fiber alignment. This article investigates the achievable levels of alignment and identifies the compromises inherent in the production of aligned preforms. The tensile properties of laminates produced from 6 and 24 K filament counts are compared at three different fiber lengths (28, 58, and 115mm). Experimental characterization indicates that up to 94% of fiber bundles can be aligned within ±10° using the current DCFP alignment method. Consequently, tensile stiffness and strength can be increased by 206 and 234%, respectively, over the random fiber case, as a result of the high concentration of aligned fibers in the loading direction. These alignment properties equate to maximum stiffness and strength retention values of 83 and 31% compared to continuous unidirectional material.


Burn is tissue injury caused by heat, radiation, electricity, contact with hot objects or chemicals. It's a global public health problem accounting for an estimated 180000 death annually according to WHO.

 To detect the efficacy of intravenous vitamin C and plasma albumin level in burnt rats.

 This study was an experimental study on 14 rats only not including any human and they were divided into two groups: Group A that represented burnt rats that won't be injected with parenteral vitamin C and Group B represented burnt rats that will be injected with parenteral vitamin C.

 There was no statistically significant difference found between two groups regarding albumin level and total proteins level before burn and Post burn 8h. There was highly statistically significant difference between Albumin level and total proteins level before Burn, Post Burn 8h level and Post Burn 24h level.

 It is concluded that vitamin C holds potential as a powerful adjunct in burn resuscitation and it may be safe and decreases fluid requirement in the acute phase after burn injury.


The absolute configuration of a series of naturally occurring and semi-synthetic halogenated furanones is proposed on the basis of chemical interconversions and X-ray and CD analyses. The CD analyses clearly reveal that the presence of the allylic O-atom has a strong influence in determining the sign and intensity of the low energy ππ* transition.


The Phu Khanh Basin is a north to south elongated, approximately 300km long and 100km wide, extensional basin. It lies in approximately 20-2,500m of water in the Vietnam continental shelf area, which comprises a series of Cenozoic sedimentary basins, located within a transitional zone from the continental crust of the Indochina Craton to the oceanic crust of the South China Sea. The Phu Khanh Basin is bounded to the north by the north-east to south-west trending Da Nang Shear Zone, on the east by the steep continental slope of the South China Sea, on the west by the Da Nang Shelf and is separated from the Cuu Long Basin to the south by the north-west to south-east trending Tuy Hoa Shear Zone.


A large number of investigations into the radiation doses from x-ray guided interventional cardiology procedures in children have been carried out in recent years. A review was conducted of these studies, gathering data on kerma area product (PKA), fluoroscopic screening time (FT), air kerma, and estimates of effective dose and organ doses. The majority of studies focus on PKA and FT with no estimation of dose to the patient. A greater than ten-fold variation in average PKA was found between different studies, even where data were stratified by patient age or weight. Typical values of PKA were 0.6–10 Gy · cm2 (<1 year/10 kg), 1.5–30 Gy · cm2 (1–5 years), 2–40 Gy · cm2 (5–10 years), 5–100 Gy · cm2 (10–16 years) and 10–200 Gy · cm2 (>16 years). PKA was lowest for heart biopsy (0.3–10 Gy · cm2 for all ages combined) and atrial septostomy (0.4–4.0 Gy · cm2), and highest for pulmonary artery angioplasty (1.5–35 Gy · cm2) and right ventricular outflow tract dilatation (139 Gy · cm2). Most estimates of patient dose were in the form of effective dose (typically 3–15 mSv) which is of limited usefulness in individualised risk assessment. Few studies estimated organ doses. Despite advances in radiation protection, recent publications have reported surprisingly large doses, as represented by PKA and air kerma. There is little indication of a fall in these dose indicators over the last 15 years. Nor is there much suggestion of a fall in doses associated with the use of flat panel detectors, as opposed to image intensifiers. An assessment of the impact of radiation dose in the context of overall patient outcome is required.


Contamination control is an important driver in the success of most space missions with more and more stringent constraints of quality and reliability : indeed, most of spacecrafts having equipments sensitive to molecular contamination like optics or detectors, the risk of damage and performance loss of such sensitive surfaces has to be considered as a real concern and treated in the early phases of the development of an instrument. Since molecular contaminants result mainly from outgassing of polymers, bakeouts under vacuum are required at the lowest possible product level in order to reduce the contamination potential of selected materials. Nevertheless, this conventional method takes time and could be relatively expensive. Then the use of low cost porous materials has appeared as an interesting alternative to trap organic contaminants, taking advantage of their controlled adsorption characteristics in channels of molecular dimensions. A recent PhD study has showed that, compared to other materials, zeolites widely used in catalysis and separation processes have great potential in such applications. Theoretical and experimental investigations have demonstrated the feasibility with three types of highly efficient zeolites. This paper reports on further development related to the preparation of uniform, homogeneous thin films of pure zeolitic materials deposited on different substrates (glass, carbon fibers...). Kinetics and sorption capacities of several representative outgassed species on these films have been investigated by thermogravimetric analyses and the results compared with the efficiency of corresponding powder materials. A discussion on the potential locations of such molecular adsorbers inside optical instruments is proposed.


Fe-doped TiO2 powders were synthesized by sol-gel method.The obtained powders were characterized by XRD,UV-Vis,PL and nano-sizer analyzer,respectively.The results show that Fe-doping can decrease the phase transition temperature,broaden the absorption spectrum to the visible light region,and inhibit the recombination of photoelectron-hole pairs.Under the fluorescent light irradiation,the degradation rate of the Fe-doped TiO2 sample to methyl blue reaches 90.36%,which is obviously higher than 43.58% of P25(TiO2 photocatalyst made by Degussa,German).


Improvement in high speed DSP applications can be done by integrating computational power with effective memory management. Bandwidth and latency of operation in memory system is rigidly dependent on data accesses. DSP applications such as multimedia require exhaustive streaming at high speed buses. The energy consumption is the key element which will be the focus of research in VLSI and Embedded systems industry. Today a cardinal issue of DSP application is to reduce impact of memory access on execution time while reducing energy consumption of the system. Memory Scheduling is significant in DSP applications to use memory bandwidth effectively. In this paper, we introduce the dynamic memory access scheduling with refresh priority considerations. In addition, a novel bus switching activity monitoring mechanism is implemented to efficaciously reduce the energy consumption of memory operations. H.264/AVC provides higher coding efficiency through added features and functionality, which impose additional computational complexity in encoder and decoder. The features of memory access patterns of H.264 encoder are analyzed. The overhead cycle of page activation has been reduced to improve bus efficiency which also reduces latency of operations. The scheduler and memory controller has been experimented by running a dynamic H.264/AVC application on Xilinx FPGA.


We present a measurement of the microlensing optical depth toward the Galactic bulge based on 4 years of the OGLE-II survey. We consider only bright sources in the extended red clump giant (RCG) region of the color-magnitude diagram, in 20 bulge fields covering ~5 deg2 between 0° < l < 3° and -4° < b < -2°. Using a sample of 32 events we find τ = 2.55 × 10-6 at (l, b) = (1.°16, - 2.°75). Taking into account the measured gradient along the Galactic latitude b, τ = [(4.48 ± 2.37) + (0.78 ± 0.84) × b] × 10-6, this value is consistent with previous measurements using RCG sources and recent theoretical predictions. We determine the microlensing parameters and select events using a model light curve that allows for flux blending. Photometric quality delivered by difference image analysis (DIA) combined with the 1.″3 median seeing of the OGLE-II images are sufficient to constrain and reject the majority of strong blends. We find that ~38% of the OGLE-II events that appear to have RCG sources are actually due to much fainter stars blended with a bright companion. We show explicitly that model fits without blending result in similar τ estimates through partial cancellation of contributions from higher detection efficiency, underestimated timescales, and a larger number of selected events. The near cancellation of the optical depth bias and the fact that microlensing event selection based on models without blending discriminates against blends have been utilized by previous analyses based on RCG sources. The latter approach, however, leads to biased timescale distributions and event rates. Consequently, microlensing studies should carefully consider source confusion effects even for bright stars.


According to Ronald J. Deibert, hypermedia technology has changed the postmodern social epistemology from a stable and fixed identity of nations to multiple identities. As a result of this, the Information Age points to a possible end of separate national identities with their dominating cultures. This has already taken place in literature. Michael Ondaatje's The English Patient (1992) best illustrates Deibert's hypermedia theory. Although Ondaatje's story itself, which is based on World War II, has nothing to do directly with a change in the mode of communication, "Erase Nations!" is not only the theme of the novel, but also could be a slogan for the Information Age. This essay intends to take The English Patient as a test case of Deibert's media theory to show how multiple identities and cultures are created in the new space of flows. As Deibert suggests, this space of flows provides a novel with new possibilities to develop a multiple self in the "pluralities of worlds and multiple realities." Michael Ondaatje creates various writing spaces for the image of a multiple self--situated in multiple cultures in the same way as multimedia do in computer writing. The English Patient provides a model for hypertext, which is essentially a 'fit' between social epistemology and a communications environment. The notion of nation is closely related to the notion of selfhood, which has its origins in Plato's philosophy. Before Plato there was no self as we understand it today; there was only unified collectivity. The self was multiple and plural based on rhetorical roles in oral poetry; one was identified with every speaker. And one became everything that one remembered because there were no printed words or written words. There was no central, unified identity. Oral culture encourages such multiplicities because it is the only way to remember one's culture. As Eric Havelock observes, "Oral verse was the instrument of a cultural indoctrination, the purpose of which was the preservation of group identity" (Havelock, 1963, 100). As long as one deals with the "spell of tradition," one "cannot frame words to express the conviction that 'I' am one thing and the tradition is another; that I can stand apart from the tradition and examine it; that 'I' can and should break the spell of its hypnotic force" (199). One cannot question cultural tradition in oral poetry, because it disappears the moment it is questioned. It is only when one begins to question and doubt that one develops a sense of 'self' apart from tradition. According to Havelock, it was only at the end of the fifth century that the word psyche began to take on new meaning, not as a life force, but as soul, individual mind; soon, it carried all the modern connotations of psyche as "the Separation of the Knower from the Known" (197). So what Plato does in the area of writing, while saying that writing


This supplementary material contains some technical details for the results stated in the main article and is organized as follows. Section S.1 gives some useful lemmas needed in the proofs. Section S.2 gives an additional example to illustrate the over-fitting bias issue. Section S.3 details B-Split, which is an alternative to R-Split, and offers a finite sample comparison between R-Split and B-Split. Section S.4 contains the proofs and derivations needed in Sections 3.2 and 5. Section S.5 contains the proofs for PODS discussed in Sections 4.2 and 5. Section S.6 gives sufficient conditions for Assumptions 5 and 9. Section S.7 contains the implementation details for the combined approach of R-Split and the post-double-selection method mentioned at the end of Section 5. Section S.8 contains the derivation of variance estimation in R-Split via the non-parametric delta method used in Section 3.1. In Section S.9, we discuss how regression adjustment for the average treatment effect estimation can be handled in our framework. In Section S.10, we provide an additional set of results for the analysis in Section 7 based on polynomial basis function expansions instead of spline basis expansions. Finally, Section S.11 contains the implementation details of the adaptive Lasso used in Example 1 of Section 2.2 and the simulation studies of Sections 6.


In this paper, neural network is used as a predictive network modeling method, with the support of MATLAB Neural Toolbox, based on the implementation of predictive research. A risk warning model is designed for sports events relying on neural network s to reduce the losses caused by risk accidents. First, the article introduces a literature review of sports event risk warning, combined with the sports event risk warning index system; summarizes the main advantages of using neural network and fuzzy theory; and establishes a sports event risk warning model relied on neural network. The article starts with the application of gray network in sports risk warning design, starting from the necessity of applying gray network in sports event risk warning; analyzes the risk warning model and operation process; and conducts sample data verification to verify this power of the model. Practice has proved that the application of gray neural network in sports events can play a role in risk warning.


This paper aims to research the driving effect of the urbanization development speed on water resources conflict by building the risk stress coupling analysis model of urbanization development speed and water conflict. Firstly, we use the nonlinear fuzzy comprehensive adjustment (FCA) measure model based on entropy weight method to determine the level of urbanization and water resources conflict risk, then construct the coupling coordination degree function of urbanization speed and water conflict risk pressure, and calculate the coupling coordination degree. Secondly, we determine the level of water resources conflict according to the coupling coordination degree to obtain the trigger threshold value of water resources conflict and analyze the coupling results. Lastly, we start the instance analysis with Beijing City, Tianjin City, and Hebei Province region in Haihe river basin of China, as an example, by analyzing the influence of the urbanization speed on water resource conflict and by obtaining the threshold value of water resources conflict caused by the effect of water consumption of gross domestic product (GDP) per 10 thousand Yuan and annual per capita domestic water consumption on the urbanization development speed, expressed in interval number.


Modern cars offer one common interface to the outside, the OBD. Among the multitude of protocols that could exchange messages with the car's internal devices over OBD the CAN-BUS protocol is the most well-known; several commercial devices (so-called dongles) would allow to send and receive messages without any user-controlled restrictions. In order to enable fine-grained filtering on the CAN - BUS we exploit a security weakness called man-in-the-middle: the car or dongle does not apply any origin authentication as neither digital signatures nor message authentication codes (MACs) are used. We are the first to present this approach and offer measurements for our concurrent and multi-stage design that enables a fine-grained and extensible filtering approach for all protocols within the OBD.


Wireless sensor network has a rapid growth in both science research and commercial development as well as been widely used in a variety of realms. Facing different kinds of challenging issues of WSNs, the deployment of nodes stands out for it has a critical influence on area or target coverage, network connectivity, network lifetime, etc. This paper explores classifications of node and deployment strategies from different angles, weighing their pros and cons and analyzing its impacts on the performance of a WSN.


A bulk nanocrystalline (nc) Ni–Fe alloy was subjected to tensile deformation, which leads to grain growth. The nanoindentation study indicates that the hardness, H , and Young's modulus, E , of the nc alloy before and after tensile deformation did not show a clear indentation-rate effect. However, the tensile deformation results in a decrease in the E values of about 15%, which might be attributed to the grain rotation, leading to texture development during the stress-induced grain growth.


The site of Captain Cook's first landing on the Australian continent lies at the far end of the Kurnell peninsula. The site is fairly unassuming considering the events that took place there have been "subsequently ascribed the status of a foundational moment in Australia's history" (Nugent 2008, p. 198). There are no signs that guide you to the destination as would normally be expected of a site of this magnitude. There is a sense that this is a forgotten place, that the now occupants of this land have tried to bury their arrival here. It is because of that sense that I chose to visit the site and explore why it has been treated in such a way.


A GaN Schottky barrier diode (SBD) on SiC for frequency doubler applications was fabricated with a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{N}-/\text{N}+$ </tex-math></inline-formula> GaN stack of 200 nm/1500 nm in thickness and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5\times 10^{17} cm^{-3} / 8\times 10^{18} cm^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in doping densities, respectively. A cut-off frequency of 459 GHz at zero bias and reverse breakdown voltage of 15.4 V were obtained. A quartz glass circuit with flip-chip-mounted GaN SBDs was inserted between split-waveguide blocks to form a balanced frequency doubler. When driven with 2 W input power in pulsed mode, measured output power was 200–244 mW from 177–183 GHz with efficiency 9.5-11.8%.


A moderately thermophilic, alkalophlic and powerful crystalline cellulose-digesting bacterium, Bacillus K-12, was isolated from filter paper wastes and found to be similar to Bacillus circulans or Bacillus pumilis, except for its ability to grow at a moderately high pH and temperature. The isolate grew at a pH ranging from 6 to 10 and at a temperature ranging from 35 to and produced a large amount of cellulase components containing avicelase, xylanase, CMCase, and FPase when grown in avicel medium for 5 to 7 days at . The crude enzyme preparation from the culture broth hydrolyzed xylan, raw starch, pullulan and glucan such as laminarin. Furthermore, the enzyme hydrolyzed crystalline cellulose to cellobiose and glucose and had a broad pH activity curve (pH 6~9). The enzyme was stable up to .


Diseases are the worst enemy to man currently. This study was aimed at isolating pathogenic bacteria from water obtained from shallow wells in Dundori Kenya. Also, the study aimed at testing the isolates for sensitivity to antibiotic metabolites previously extracted from Actinomycetes isolates from soils of Egerton University. Water samples were collected from shallow wells randomly selected from Dundori and abbreviated as A, B, C, D, and E. Bacterial pathogens were isolated from the water samples using the membrane filtration technique. The isolates were characterized using biochemical means. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was carried out using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Comparison of means was carried out using one way ANOVA. Shallow wells B, D and E were highly contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Biochemical characterization of the isolates indicated that the most common isolates were Vibrio cholera, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus sp, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. There was no significant difference between the zones of inhibition produced by the antibiotic metabolites (F=2.149 P=1340) when tested against the test isolates. There were no significant differences between the MIC's of the antibiotic metabolites on the bacterial pathogens (F=2.01 P=0.15). Water from some shallow wells in Dundori is highly contaminated with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus sp., Vibrio cholerae and Staphylococcus aureus. The pathogens can effectively be controlled using antibiotics from the Actinomycetes. There is a need to sensitize the residents of the study area on ways of preventing seepage of contaminants into the shallow wells.


Purpose To investigate the current situation of assistive device (AD) usage among seniors in Tibet, China, and explore its influencing factors. Methods A mixed-methods design was used. Cognition, attitude, behavior, and preference toward ADs were assessed by a self-designed questionnaire. Additionally, participants responded to the open-ended questions. Anderson's behavior model analyzed the impacts of the prerequisite factors, enabling factors, and demand factors influencing the utilization of ADs by Tibetan seniors. Results Of the 211 Tibetan seniors, 149 (70.6%) Tibetan seniors expressed the willingness to utilize ADs. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that one prerequisite factor: age; one enabling factor: care situation, and one demand factor: dysfunctional condition were factors influencing the utilization of ADs. Qualitative comments described: psychological, physical environment, and social support factors were the main influencing factors. Conclusion This study presents the current situation to utilize ADs by Tibetan seniors on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, incorporates Anderson's behavioral model for quantitative analysis, and combines qualitative research to explore the facilitating and hindering factors, to provide reference and basis for the development of ADs for seniors and policy formulation. The sample size of this study is relatively small and limited to ethnic groups, and we plan to increase the sample size and include more ethnic groups in the future study.


The use of programmed instruction as an aid to marriage counseling is looked at by two seminary professors who also do considerable marriage counseling themselves. The Marriage Enrichment Program developed by Dr. Tom Malone is examined both as to its positive and negative aspects. Both Hand and Stewart report their use of the program and some of their positive and negative feedback from the program. They evaluate the general use of tapes, records and at-home techniques which couples may buy and use, and suggest that these programs be used in association with counseling or marriage growth groups, and in particular with the help of trained counselors as guides.


A method and system for backing up and restoring data is provided. First performed a full backup (full backup) is generated by the full set of data (full dataset). Thereafter, incremental or differential backup to perform the (incremental or differential backup) generates a differential or incremental data set, respectively. When needed, a new full set of data, without performing a full backup, may generate a new full set of data by combining the previous full dataset and that immediately after the (subsequent) incremental or differential data set. The new full dataset may be created on a computer other than the computer which hosts the data of the previous full dataset. The new full dataset may be used to quickly recover data when a failure of or damage to the off-site storage device or a computer file system occurs. Full data sets, the differential backup, incremental backup, the differential data set, incremental data set


A backup system for the human civilization is proposed in case of global disasters. This system will be composed of backup servers to store and distribute knowledge accumulated by the modern civilization and mobile terminals, such as smart phones or tablet computers, as terminal devices to receive and display the knowledge stored in servers.


In this thesis, the electromagnetic susceptibility of systems with electro-explosive devices is studied analytically, numerically, and experimentally. Special interest is devoted to the device's response to HPEM disturbances. This thesis proposes procedures, models, and techniques suitable to determine the frequency range in which the susceptibility of an EED connected to a firing circuit with random characteristics increases. The proposed approaches are based in calculating the energy transfer from an incident disturbance to the critical element in the system (i.e. the EED's bridge-wire) from three transfer functions; which describe the system's electromagnetic and thermal responses. The electromagnetic response of the EED and its firing circuit is modeled using different strategies based in numerical calculations and analytical approaches. The thermal response, due to the thermal dissipation process inside the EED, is modeled using analytical models reported in the literature, which are verified using numerical simulations. The problem in characterizing the system response due to the variability of the firing circuits is addressed using equivalent structures and Monte-Carlo technique. Additionally, the proposed models are experimentally validated. Finally, the proposed techniques are used to analyze a particular system in which EEDs are used. In this study, the susceptibility frequency range and the typical system response are determined.


BACKGROUND: The incidence of caesarean section has increased. Maternal morbidity has also increased. Inadvertent use of antibiotics many drug resistant microbial strains have emerged. Management of post caesarean wound infection becoming difficult. Attempts have been made to bring down such infections by taking all aseptic precautions and use of minimal possible effective dose of prophylactic antibiotic or antibiotics post operatively. The purpose of this study to evaluate the effectiveness of single dose antibiotic in uncomplicated caesarean section. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of single dose of ceftriaxone prophylaxis to that of ampicillin, gentamicin and metronidazole for 5 days post-operatively with regard to post-operative complications in uncomplicated caesarean sections. MATERIAL & METHODS: Hundred registered patients were selected among the pregnant women who underwent caesarean section in Obstetrics & Gynaecology department in Bharati Hospital, Sangli for a period of 1 year from December 2013 to November 2014. This study compares the drug efficacy of prophylactic single dose injection of ceftriaxone 1gm given intravenously 30 minutes prior to caesarean section with the control group of injection Ampicillin, + Gentamicin, Metronidazole given routinely for 5 days post operatively to prevent postoperative infection. In single dose antibiotic 50 patients and in control group 50 patients were studied. RESULT: Failure rate in single dose antibiotic was 2.0% (1 out of 50) and failure rate in multiple dose antibiotics was 6.0% (3 out of 50). Average duration of hospital stay was about 7 to 8 days. In all failure patients antibiotic were given according to culture and sensitivity report. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic single dose antibiotic is effective in reducing infective morbidity in low risk patients and also reduces chances of drug resistant in future.


This paper describes information sharing in a community using associative representation. The associative representation links heterogeneous information without defining the semantics strictly. We leave the interpretation of the semantics to human tacit knowledge. We have developed a system called CoMeMoCommunity which gathers community members' information automatically and helps the members with sharing it. Our system has two layers structure that consists of personal information-space called "Personal Knowledge Layer" and common informationspace called "Common knowledge Layer". In the system, agents that are created by users as users7 alter ego at Personal Knowledge Layer interact with other agents at Common Knowledge Layer in place of the users. We have evaluated the system at the preliminary experiment. The results suggest that the system enables community members to facilitate communication by sharing each members' information.


A discussion of a paper with the aforementioned title by M. Abramento and A.J. Whittle, published in this journal (Volume 121, Number 6, June 1995) is presented. The discussion raises several questions about the physical interpretation of the modified shear-lag analysis used in the mechanics of composites when analyzing the load-transfer behavior for pullout tests with extensible, planar reinforcement. It is asserted that the important problem of predicting the tensile stress distribution and load-elongation response of planar reinforcement in confined conditions was not solved correctly and that the use of shear-lag analysis for soil matrices caused significant contradictions with logical development of theoretical models and observed behavior of evaluated materials. Discussion is followed by closure from the authors.