The concept of a lower bound on optimal linear taxes is analyzed. A marginal tax rate is defined to be optimal if the corresponding state of the economy is a welfare maximum for some social welfare function reflecting at least a minimal aversion to inequality. The lower bound on optimal tax rates is proved to be strictly positive. This tax rate is also calculated in a numerical example based on Swedish data; the value obtained is 29 per cent.


. In 1980, J. C. Smith asked for examples which would demonstrate the relationships between the properties B(D, A)-refinability, B(D, wo)-refin- ability, and weak 0-refinability. This paper gives such examples in the class of r4 spaces.


The invention discloses a temperature detection circuit and electronic equipment. The temperature detection circuit comprises a thermistor, a comparator, a switch circuit and at least first temperature threshold value set resistor and second temperature threshold value set resistor, wherein the at least first temperature threshold value set resistor and second temperature threshold value set resistor are respectively connected with the thermistor in series so as to respectively form a first serial branch and a second serial branch; the first serial branch or the second serial branch is at least selected by virtue of a switch circuit to respectively detect a first temperature threshold value or a second temperature threshold value. Through the manner, the quantity of circuit components can be reduced when a plurality of different temperature threshold values are independently detected, so that the cost is lowered.


SUMMARY

Cowpeas, inoculated with one of five effective strains of Rhizobium isolated from African soils, were grown at root temperatures of 30 oC continuously or at 36, 38, 40, 42 and 44 oC for 5 h/day and returned to glasshouse ambient for the intermediate period. Growth was best at 30 and 36 oC; above 40 oC growth was poor and no nodules formed. At 40 oC two strains failed to nodulate. Symbiotic performance was not dependent only on nodule production as nodule efficiency varied inversely with temperature.

The number of nodules formed by strain R5000 after exposure of inoculated seed or seedlings to 40,42 or 44 oC for 5 h/day on each of 3 or 6 days depended on the age of plant and the duration of exposure to stress. When exposed to 42 or 44 oC during the first 3 days after sowing nodulation was reduced from 18 to 1–3 nodules/plant even after a further 40 days growth at ambient (30 day, 20 oC night). Nodulation was unaffected when 10–15-day-old seedlings were exposed to the same conditions.

Numbers of strain R5000 on seed declined rapidly following three daily exposures of 5 h at 39 and 42 oC; at 45 oC less than three bacteria survived on each seed. Other rhizobia of the cowpea group varied greatly in their toleration of high temperatures, some survived well at 45 oC whereas others behaved like R5000.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of financial advice on investor trading behavior by analyzing the influence of advisor personality.

Design/methodology/approach
The study utilized the Big Five personality framework from Costa and McCrae (1992) to measure personality traits of advisors and examined the data collected from 314 stock investor–advisor dyads. Personality traits of advisors were measured by the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (Costa and McCrae, 1989). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the fitness of the Big Five model. We followed two-stage least square method for estimating endogenous covariate by employing instrumental variable analysis. Probit model was used to evaluate the moderating influence of advisor personality traits on the association between the usage of financial advice and trading behavior.

Findings
The authors found that financial advice positively impacts investors' stock trading frequency. The authors also provide empirical evidence that financial advice is more likely to increase trading frequency when advisor personality tends to be openness, conscientiousness and agreeableness. On the other hand, information acquired from financial advisors causes fewer adjustments in investors' portfolios when the personality of advisors is likely to be extraverted and neurotic.

Research limitations/implications
The theoretical model in our study seeks to explain that a psychological factor, namely, advisor personality, influences the way an investor interprets information signals from financial advice, which, in turn, influences the investor's decision to trade in securities.

Practical implications
This research suggests that characteristics of advisors other than those of investors can be of relevance for policy makers in their attempts to improve their business in the financial services industry.

Originality/value
Survey-based studies in finance are lacking. This study adds to the existing literature of behavioral finance that accounts for the observed variations in investors' financial decision making explained by psychological factors. No previous study has been conducted so far exploring variations in the impact of financial advice on investors' stock trading behavior by the Big Five advisor personality, and this paper strives to fill this research gap in Chinese stock market.


We describe the relative rates of polymer diffusion and cross-linking in a latex film containing 2 wt % (1.3 mol %) of N-isobutoxymethylacrylamide (IBMA) as a cross-linking agent. The latex base monomer is a 4:5 weight ratio copolymer of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate (BA−MMA) with a glass transition temperature of 12 °C. Polymer diffusion was monitored by direct energy transfer (ET) in films prepared from latex particles labeled with phenanthrene as the donor and anthracene as the acceptor. In a model film without IBMA, the quantum yield for ET (ΦET) increased to its maximum value of 0.62 in a few minutes at 120 °C, whereas at 80 °C the films required hours of annealing to achieve full mixing. The temperature dependence of the diffusion rate indicated an effective activation energy of 43 kcal/mol. In contrast, a film prepared from latex of similar molecular weight containing 2 wt % IBMA formed gel rapidly at 80 °C in the presence of 0.5 wt % toluenesulfonic acid. The system reached its maximum ge...


More than 25 000 lawsuits have forced three makers of silicone breast implants in the US to pay over $3bn (pounds sterling 2bn) towards a legal settlement fund that eventually will reach $4.75bn (pounds sterling 3.17bn). Since 1962 more than a million women in the US have been given breast implants, but the surgical procedure was banned in 1992 by the Food and Drug Administration FDA) after many women reported health problems. Medical …


Abstract The behaviour of reinforced concrete one-way slabs subjected to horizontal translational end restraint is described in this paper. The presence of the end restraint induces compressive membrane action in the slab, increasing its strength and stiffness above that calculated using ßexural theory. The experimental component of this investigation involved the fabrication and testing of 16 one-way slabs, which were load tested under various boundary conditions. A very stiff reaction frame was used to impose the boundary conditions on the slabs. The results showed a significant increase in load-carrying capacity (up to 2.5 times greater) when the slabs were subjected to horizontal translational end restraint compared to simply supported slabs. This increase can be attributed to the presence of compressive membrane forces in the slabs. The results from these tests were compared to non-linear finite element models and a method of analysis developed by Rankin and Long.1 Good agreement with the experimental results was obtained using both finite element analysis and Rankin and Long's method. Variables that affected the peak load, according to Rankin and Long's method, were also investigated.


Chandan Reddy I came to the United States from Pakistan in 1991 as a student. I had come to the United States because I had a thought that coming out as a gay man would be safer for me in this country. After graduating in 1995, I moved to New York City and became a member of the South Asian Lesbian and Gay Association, SALGA. I had realized that going back to Pakistan was not an option for me anymore. I would not be able to do the kinds of work that I wanted to do with safety in Pakistan. There is no infrastructure in place in Pakistan where I could obtain legal recourse if threatened for being queer. As queer immigrants in this country are usually placed outside immigration law, applying for asylum seemed to be the only strategy where I did not feel that I was compromising myself as a gay man. Heterosexual marriage and working a job I did not like for years to get a green card did not seem like attractive choices. Choosing to apply for asylum instead of availing myself of other options also became a political choice. Furthermore, I strongly believed in my claim and felt that under U.S. immigration law I fit the categories of asylum. I did have a genuine fear that if I led life as an openly gay man in Pakistan, my life would be in danger. —Saeed Rahman, ARTICLE TITLE, Columbia Human Rights Law Review (1998)


The pursuit of meaning in drama is part of a larger pursuit of the means by which meaning is created and shared. Through an inquiry into the making of meaning it is possible to gain greater insight into the learning contained in the processes of drama. In his inquiry into drama and learning the author has found the 'system'a useful vehicle for engaging with the drama experience. 'Systems theory' offers a frame through which the drama experience can be interpreted, just as it does an opportunity to reflect upon the language systems through which meaning is held and communicated, in and through drama. 'Self-organising systems theory' extends this understanding by suggesting the processes through which explanations 'feed back' into the system and create opportunities to reflect on not only the experience, but the context of its occurrence. In the context of drama education, a systems analysis allows teachers, students and researchers to step back from the subject, to imagine, then construct connections more clearly (not the least being the researcher's own connection to the subject). In this increasingly rewarding field, science meets poetry in an imaginative synthesis of research and learning. For this reason alone it is a useful tool in the attempt to find a language appropriate to a discussion of the learning made available through drama education.


One of the most important avian fossils is a nearly complete skeleton of a hesperornithid from the late Cretaceous Niobrara Chalk Formation of western Kansas found by H. T. Martin in 1894. Williston assigned it to Hesperornis gracilis, a form named by Marsh but never really diagnosed or illustrated. Because of the size and apparent completeness of Marsh's monumental work on the Mesozoic birds of North America, these birds have been largely ignored since its publication. This has largely been the fate of H. T. Martin's exceptional specimen, parts of which have been figured under both Hesperornis gracilis, and H. regalis. This specimen can now be shown to be a previously undescribed genus of hesperornithiform bird, that provides the basis for a re-evaluation of the relationships of the Hesperornithiformes to other Mesozoic birds. Archaeopteryx is a member of a side-branch of avian evolution, the subclass Sauriurae, which became extinct at the end of the Mesozoic. The hesperornithiform Enaliornis is the earliest bird which can be shown to belong to the subclass Omithurae to which all modem birds belong.


This equipment is the kind TCAS. To improve the integrity and reliability of measurements, the calculation unit (140) is provided with a crossover function performing the comparison between two values of the same quantity, for example a relative distance from an intruder (2) , one developed by its own estimation means and the other provided by another CFAR equipment on board the intruder aircraft (2) and generating a mismatch alarm in case of exceeding a tolerance by the deviation. The calculation unit 140 is also provided with fault locating means locating the aircraft the CFAR is in default when one is in the presence of several intruder aircraft, by study of the differences observed in pairs of two values a same size prepared for each intruder aircraft.


Multislice Fourier ptychography (MFP) uses angularly diverse illumination to compute a three-dimensional image of the sample. We present an improved MFP algorithm, demonstrating better convergence properties and reduced noise in reconstructions. © 2019 The Author(s)


This study mainly discusses the mechanical behavior of a cobble rock mass during tunneling in Chengdu Metro Line 1. A cobble rock mass could be regarded as an assembly of discrete particles, with the micro parameters of the rock mass having a significant impact on its macro mechanical behavior. Due to the characteristics of such rock masses, the conventional study method in continuous mediums is no longer available; thus, in this study the granular discrete element method [basically particle flow code (PFC)] is applied. The results show that when supporting force is relatively low at the tunnel face and is unable to maintain the stability of the face, then large displacement happens in the frontage of the heading, and the stress of the rock mass is loosened. With time lapse, displacement becomes larger and the loosened area of the rock mass extends; then, the tunnel face collapses. With the help of the Chengdu Metro Line 1 project, it is proved that PFC is applicable in analyzing the mechanical behavior in a cobble rock mass during tunneling.


This article explores the determinants of confidence in the Turkish government. We question whether confidence-related questions in mass surveys tap specific support for the incumbent government or tap diffuse support for government as a democratic institution. For this purpose, sociocultural, performance, and party explanations are tested. Four waves of the World Values Survey for Turkey are used as the data set. The article finds that performance and party-based explanations are the most relevant. Turkish citizens place greater emphasis on 'government as the incumbent' rather than on 'government as a democratic institution'. The analysis also reveals the changing influences of both performance and party-based explanations across time, which points to the significance of context. Through a cross-country analysis, the viability of the findings in the Turkish case are evaluated against those of other developing democracies.


An endo-polygalacturonase (RAPG) from Rhizopus arrhizus grown on rotted apricot has been purified and characterized. Through dialysis, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and successive chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-100 and Sephadex G-75 columns, a 274-fold purification was achieved. RAPG was stable at pH 3.8–6.5. Its optimum activity was at pH 5.0. The activation energy (Ea) was 11.9 Kcal/mole. The Q1 0 value was 2.01 between 20° and 30°C. RAPG has a Vmax at 1.430 μmoles reducing product/min, and Km at 0.054% pectic acid (DP = 70). Both sodium and potassium ions stimulated RAPG activity in the 0.05–0.10M range. Tannic acid was an effective inhibitor, while chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric and gallic acids were not. The molecular weight of RAPG was 30,270 by SDS-gel electro-phoresis. Both viscosity drop and thin layer chromatography of the end products study proved that RAPG performed a random mechanism in the depolymerization process. RAPG also showed a synergistic effect when tomato pectinesterase was added to the reaction mixture with pectin as the substrate.


Five Chinese species of the genus Ectomocoris are revised, keyed and well illustrated by 28 figures. Biarmocoris subgen. n. is established for E. yayeyamae. E. maldonadoi sp. n. is described. E. distanti Cai et Lu is a new name for E. erebus Distant 1904, junior homonym of E. erebus (Distant, 1903). Lectotypes are designated. E. fiavomaculatus is not represented in China. All the male genitalia are reported for the first time.


The aim of this study; (1) Great to know simultaneously influence the performance of the quality of service in the Department of Population and Civil Registration of North Mamuju regency ; (2) untukmengetahuibesar partial effect on the performance quality of service at the Department of Population and Civil Registration of North Mamuju regency. Theory of performance used from T.R. Mitchell in Sedarmayanti (2009: 51), while the service quality theory of Parasuraman et al. (1988: 23) This type of research inikuantitatifdenganpendekatan survey. This study population pegawaidan society, in which 32 people while the number of employees totaled 45 796 community mental drawn using formulas to 100 people. Employees using census sampling, while for people to use simple random sampling, and data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression. The results showed; (1) The effect of simultaneous performance of the quality of service in the Department of Population and Civil Registration Mamuju Utara determined by the dimensions of quality of work (quality of work), promptness (timeliness), initiative (initiative), capability (ability), communication (communication) because the calculated F value is greater than the value of F table with a big influence 87.2% with the level of relations between variables are very kuat.Artinya if the performance increase of the unit, it will improve the quality of service; (2) The effect of partial performance of the quality of service in the Department of Population and Civil Registration of North Mamuju regency is determined by the quality of work (quality of work) significantly affects the quality of service for the value of t is greater than t table. Promptness (timeliness) significantly affects the quality pelayanankarena t value greater than t table. Initiative (initiative) significantly affects the quality pelayanankarena t value greater than the value t tabel.Capability (ability) significantly affects the quality pelayanankarena t value greater than t table, and communication (communication) significantly affects the quality pelayanankarena value of t count is greater than t table.


The microscopic behavior of the vehicle can be decomposed into car following and lane changing, and can be described by the longitudinal and lateral movement. The longitudinal movement has long been studied, while the lateral counterpart, especially the stochastic lateral movement, has rarely been investigated. The lacking of an understanding of the lateral behavior makes current microscopic simulation results deviate from real-world observations. Besides, many behavior identification algorithms which rely on lateral displacement are not robust, if the lateral stochastic nature is not well studied. To fill in this gap, a stochastic differential equation approach is employed. Firstly, the lateral noise is modeled by a transformed Brownian motion. Then the noise is embedded into a differential lateral movement model. The parameters in the lateral noise and movement models all have clear physical meaning. The Fokker-Planck equation, which describes the distribution evolution of the lateral displacement, is derived. A parameters calibration procedure is derived using the Euler discretization scheme. The model is calibrated using real world data. The results show that the proposed model can well describe the lateral movement distribution.


In this paper, a nano-moiré fringe multiplication method is proposed, which can be used to measure nano-deformation of single crystal materials. The lattice structure of Si (111) is recorded on a film at a given magnification under a transmission microscope, which acts as a specimen grating. A parallel grating (binary type) on glass or film is selected as a reference grating. A multiplied nano-moiré fringe pattern can be reproduced in a 4f optical filter system with the specimen grating and the prepared reference grating. The successful results illustrate that this method can be used to measure deformation in nanometre scale. The method is especially useful in the measurement of the inhomogeneous displacement field, and can be utilized to characterize nano-mechanical behaviour of materials such as dislocation and atomic bond failure.


The photolysis of formamide vapour has been studied at temperatures from 115 to 400°C and pressures from 8 to 50 torr, with 206.2 nm radiation. Products detected were CO, H2 and NH3, with quantum yields at 150°C of 0.8, 0.6 and 0.2 respectively. From experiments with added ethylene and with NH2CDO and ND2CHO, it was deduced that there were three major primary processes: NH2CHO +hν→ NH2+ CO + H (o= 0.35), → H + NHCHO (o= 0.22), → NH3+ CO (o= 0.45), followed by the reactions, H + NH2CHO → H2+ NH2CO, NH2+ NH2CHO → NH3+ NH2CO
 The reactions of CH3 with NH2CHO, ND2CHO and NH2CDO were also studied, and approximate Arrhenius parameters were obtained. For the first two compounds, A= 4 × 107(M s)–1 and E= 7 kcal/mol, and for the last, A=2 × 107 and E= 8. Hydrogen was abstracted almost exclusively from the formyl position, and the deuterium isotope effect was about 6.
 Below 200°C, NH2CO radicals were thermally stable, but at higher temperatures they decomposed, NH2CO → NH2+ CO, leading to a chain reaction. Approximate Arrhenius parameters of A= 4 × 109 s–1 and E= 20 kcal were estimated for this decomposition, which was found to be pressure dependent; limiting high-pressure values of A and E will be considerably higher.


Scientific education is a key factor to give people consciousness and to facilitate active participation to present society. A correct introduction of the Scientific Method through competence based didactic methods as integration of laboratory experiences and theoretical interpretation allows acquisition of a powerful method to interface and understand reality. Internet and Web 2.0 based resources are important tools to reach this goal: they amplify laboratorial experiences and allows a more effective competence based didactic organization.


All the studies conducted on the Centers for Children and Families (CCF) highlight that children's experience of social contacts with peers is highly significant as it positively affects children' well-being and favors their socialization. The Center for Children and Families represents a place that provides also children's families with intense emotional and social experiences. In CCF adults appreciate the opportunity of sharing play with their child and child care and education with other families and professionals. This article reports the analysis of observational reports and focus group interviews carried out with CCF staff in 40 Italian Centers for Children and Families. The analysis gives evidence that attendance at the Center provides an important experience also for those adults who take care of children with various roles: parents, grand-parents, baby-sitters.


FIELD: dynamic user interface and electronic device for generating signals of multi-functional check connection. SUBSTANCE: electronic device contains body, display, electronic circuits, positioned in aforementioned body, lens, force indicators for detecting contact with lens, and at least one vibrating element. Vibrating element is made with possible engaging resonance of lens for creating at least two check connection signals, selected from group, consisting of signal of tactile check connection, vibrating warning signal, sound signal and buzzer signal. Device has electric excitation circuit, which is electrically connected to vibrating element for electric excitation of aforementioned vibrating element by excitation signal. EFFECT: increased efficiency. 3 cl, 4 dwg


An unselected group of 130 patients with symptoms of an acute infection of the urinary tract have been studied from general practice. Only 77 (59%) of these 130 patients had infected urine. Treatment with sulphafurazole was possible in 72, and was effective in 57 (79% of those treated). A high incidence of infection observed in young women was apparently related to sexual activity rather than child-bearing.


Recent debate in development literature pertains to identifying the focus of development, whether it should be growth, poverty, or inequality. The reemergence of the age old issue of growth inequality has brought the debate on poverty to the center stage with large political and emotional undertone. This has been also been facilitated by the quality and the type of data (panel data on household consumption expenditure) which was not the case earlier. "Report of the Expert Group to Review the Methodology for Estimation of Poverty", Planning Commission, GOI (2009) observed that "While acknowledging the multidimensional nature of poverty, the estimates of poverty will continue to be based on private household consumer expenditure of Indian households as collected by the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO)". The largest numbers of poor, primarily landless workers, are in rural areas and the majority of them still rely on farm work for their livelihood. It will be of relevance to have a comparative analysis of Rural Household Consumption Expenditure over different time periods and across difference states in India. This paper is an attempt towards analyzing trends in rural household consumption expenditure over last two decades using NSS data.


Introduction: The relevance of providing healthy nutrition for school-age children, a significant coverage of students with school meals, and an increase in the proportion of children requiring correction of the diet have determined the objective of the study to evaluate school feeding and to substantiate further measures for its improvement.
Materials and methods: Twenty-six regulations on school meals adopted from the year 2000 to the present have been analyzed. The study of the eating schedule and the frequency of consumption of certain foodstuffs was carried out based on a survey of 1,975 parents and schoolchildren in grades 5 to 11. The energy value, the content of vitamins and minerals in school breakfasts and home meals of 1,168 fifth graders from the city of Minsk were estimated.
Results: The findings show that regulations on school meals have been developed in the republic; dietary nutrition is organized at schools, the material and technical base of school kitchens is constantly being improved, and children are being taught healthy eating skills. At the same time, the analysis of actual nutrition at school and at home indicates malnutrition causing an imbalance in the dietary intake of macro- and micronutrients.
Discussion: An effective model of school feeding has been created in the Republic of Belarus. Yet, the current system cannot fully ensure a balanced diet for children. It is therefore important to continue personnel training, monitoring of school meals using modern information technologies, and awareness raising on healthy eating among schoolchildren.


Eighteen primary cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were examined clinically and histophathologically at our department from 1985 to 1994. The results were as follows:1) There were 7 cases of nodal lymphoma, 9 cases of extranodal lymphoma, and 2 cases of lymphoma in Waldeyer ring. According to the LSG classification, 72%(13 of 18 cases) were diffuse large cell type or diffuse mixed cell type. Immunophenotypic analysis of surface markers revealed that 86%(12 of 14 cases) were B cell type.2) The combination of CT with ultrasound examinations, and cytological examinations were valuable in the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma.3) Ten cases followed up for over 3 years were in stage I or II, and 6 of them were treated with irradiation and chemotherapy. The prognosis of T cell type was poor.


The chitosan derivatives were improved in preparation method and characterized by FT-IR spectrum analysis.The bacteriostasis,stability,dissolubility,pH and other properties of the chitosan derivatives were investigated.The experimental results indicated that the dissolubility and stability of the chitosan derivatives prepared by the improved method were prominently enhanced.Two kinds of the chitosan derivatives at the concentration of 0.1%(w/v) showed obvious bacteriostatic activities on Esherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Their growths were terminated when the concentration reached 0.2%(w/v).The bacteriostatic activity of high molecular weight(Mw) chitosan derivative is higher on gram positive microbes while that of low Mw chitosan derivative is higher on gram negative bacteria.


A guide to political and social action organizations currently engaged in defending social justice causes. Descriptions of major activist organizations with weblinks.


Self-fluxing nickel-based alloys (GOST 21 448-75) are used as wearand creep-resisting coatings. In the increasingly demanding service conditions of sections and mechanisms of modern machines and industrial systems, the requirements on the reliability and endurance of components of technological equipment and tools are becoming more and more stringent. Especially important is the problem of improving the service properties of hot deformation tools and components of processing equipment. The analysis of the service conditions shows that they are taken out of service after a wear of 1–2 mm per side. This predetermines the use of methods of deposition of coatings of a relatively small thickness with high service properties, for example, plasma-powder surfacing, 2 for hardening and reconditioning the working surfaces. The application of the powders of self-fluxing alloys for the deposition of coatings of steel makes it possible to produce, in different conditions characterised by different intensity of thermal effects, various structural conditions in the deposited layer and, consequently, different properties of the working surface. It is therefore necessary to determine the relationships of the effect of the surfacing conditions on the structure and phase composition of the working layer. The key moment in this case is the problem of the relationship of the structure and technological durability of the component in specific service conditions. For efficient control of the structure and properties of the working layer it is recommended to utilise the thermal energy of the plasma arc. The combination of current I, surfacing speed v and preheating makes it possible to regulate in a wide range the heat input and, consequently, the superheating temperature and the mass of the weld pool, the holding time in the liquid condition, the fraction of the parent metal in the deposited metal, and the cooling rate. Surfacing was carried out using UPN-303 standard equipment. The structure and properties of the deposited layer were investigated after different surfacing conditions, connected by a full three-factor experiment (Table 1), and also after high-temperature heating (800–1100 °C). The chemical composition of the deposited powders of the investigated self-fluxing alloys is presented in Table 2. The coatings were deposited on substrates of steels 45, 5 KhNM, and 4Kh5MFS. The microstructure and chemical composition of the steel and the deposited layer were investigated by the methods of qualitative and quantitative metallography in a Neophot-2 microscope, and x-ray spectral microanalysis was carried out in equipment MS-46 and JCXA-733 by scanning on the area, examination along a path, and also at a 'point'. X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out in DRON-3 diffractometer in CoKαradiation. Microhardness was measured in PMT-3 equipment.


Fuel storage and dispensing system of the marine vessel comprises a gas fuel has a heat-insulating gas tank for storing a liquefied gas fuel. Local heat transfer circuit is provided to extract heat from an external heat source circuit. As part of the local heat transfer circuit, the heating device is provided to heat the gas fuel to increase the pressure in the gas tank. Wherein as part of the local heat transfer circuit, evaporated liquefied gas fuel drawn from the tank, the main gas evaporator exists for distribution to the marine vehicle engine.


With the merits as hiding receiving, far responding distance and easy-deploying, the single observation passive location has a broad application in military domain. Especially, it plays an important part in passive radar, navigation and aerospace, etc. With the information of phase-difference, phase-difference rate of change and Doppler frequency rate of change, a new algorithm based on EKF (called PFRC) is proposed. Compared with two popular passive location methods which are bearing-only (BO) and phase-difference rate of change (PRC), the PFRC has good performance in that it has higher precision and higher speed. However, the PFRC, based on the EKF, can only give a biased state estimation, which has poor robustness and precision against model mismatching and is inapplicable for maneuvering target tracking. In order to overcome the above limitations, based on the PFRC and the strong tracking filter (STF), an improved passive location algorithm is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance.


To choose an appropriate construction scheme for subway, it,s feasible to use fuzzy optimization theory and comprehensively consider the security of four construction methods as well as such factors as environmental influence, construction period, construction difficulty and construction cost, etc. to set up a mathematical model for the construction method of subway station. An analysis is made on the impact of group-effect in the excavation construction of pilot tunnel presented in PBA construction method on arch crown settlement and ground surface settlement, and a study is made on the arch crown settlement and ground surface settlement caused by the four construction methods in construction process. In addition, a contrastive analysis is made to draw a conclusion that PBA construction method is the most suitable construction method for Xinbai Square Subway Station in Shijiazhuang.


The present invention relates to a dielectric manufacturing method of the plasma display panel. Dielectric manufacturing method of the plasma display panel has a dielectric layer manufacturing method of the plasma display panel, comprising: a first step of forming a green sheet comprising a film forming material layer formed by applying a paste composition on a support film; A second step of transferring the film forming material layer of the green sheet on the substrate electrode is formed; And comprising: a third step of calcining the said film-forming material layer transferred onto the substrate, the second step, and the pre-heating temperature of the substrate 40 ℃ to 100 ℃, wherein the green sheet and the interval of the substrate 2mm It characterized in that is carried out while maintaining the following. Dielectric manufacturing method of the PDP can be good followability of each former extreme high temperature, by transferring the green sheet to withstand the high pressure to the substrate and reduce the processing time by forming the dielectric layer, to the performance produced a superior dielectric layer. PDP, the dielectric layer green sheet


The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery,The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang 050011,China. Objective:To study the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of pulmonary blastoma(PB)and to dis- cuss the diagnostic criteria and the corresponding therapies.Methods:Data from 15 cases of PB seen in our hospital between 1990 and 2006 were reviewed.Results:All patients underwent surgery.Nine patients re- ceived lobectomy,2 patients had bilateral lobectomy,1 patient underwent lobectomy and bronchus figuration, 1 patient received segment resection,1 patient had lobectomy and angioplasty,and 1 patient had resection of the whole lung.Before surgery,11 cases were diagnosed as lung cancer,2 cases were suspected of being be- nign lung tumor,1 case was suspected as lobus intermedius malignant tumor and only 1 case was accurately diagnosed as PB.Immunohistochemistry showed that CK and EMA were positive in 6 cases,Vim was posi- tive in 5 cases,and S100 was positive in 1 case.Conclusion:As a highly malignant tumor with poor prognosis, PB has a high rate of recurrence and metastasis.PB contains primitive epithelial components and mesenchy- mal stroma,making the tumor appear similar to well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma.Preoperative diagno- sis of PB is very difficult.Clinical manifestations,morphological characteristics and immunohistochemical pre- sentation provide important information.The main treatment for PB is surgery consisting of lobectomy and dis- section of diaphragm lymph nodes.Thorough resection is paramount.


In this study, the synthesis of single-phase zirconolite powder was explored using two-step route of combustion synthesis (CS) plus acid treatment. Zirconolite/Cu composite was firstly produced from the combustion reaction using CuO and Ti as the oxidant and reductant. After pickling and desiccation, refined zirconolite-rich ceramic powder was obtained with bimodal particle size distribution. The ceramic powder was finally preformed and calcined at 1050-1300°C for 6-48 hours, which resulted in bulk density and Vickers hardness of 4.02 g/cm3 and 11.54 GPa after sintering at 1100°C for 18 hours. Aqueous durability of the calcined waste matrice was evaluated according to MCC-1 standard. The 42 days normalized leaching rates of Ca, Ti and Zr were measured to be 3.96 × 10−3, 4.52 × 10−6 and 1.54 × 10−6 g·m−2·d−1.


PLM has the potential to help transform innovation results, but to maximize its value, it needs to do more. Here are some capabilities I challenge the PLM community to embrace as resolutions for the New Year.


Variations in the magnetic field generated by the piezomagnetic effect, which is referred to as the piezomagnetic field, has been discussed in a framework of magneto-statics, in which temporal variations are totally ignored. This treatment is valid for quasi-static processes, but possibly invalid for dynamic processes including fault ruptures. The earlier works by the author has demonstrated that, when the temporal variations in the EM field is considered, finite conductivity of the Earth's crust alters the feature of the piezomagnetic field. However, consideration of the temporal variations in the EM field makes estimation of the piezomagnetic field complicated, even in a simple two-layered model which consists of the Earth's ground with finite conductivity and the air as a perfect resister. The problem will be largely simplified if the situation is approximated by a finite space model with a uniform electrical conductivity. In the present work, variations in the EM field generated by the piezomagnetic effect are compared for two situations: finite space and semi-finite space models with finite conductivity, assuming the source of the piezomagnetic field is two-dimensional. It is demonstrated that, for some situations, the simpler model provides a good approximation of the expected piezomagnetic field.


A more accurate algorithm for corner and edge detections that is the improved form of the well-known Harris' algorithm is introduced. First, instead of approximating |L[m+x, n+y]-L[m, n]|2 just in terms of x2, xy, and y2, we will approximate |L[m+x, n+y]-L[m, n]|(L[m+x, n+y]-L[m, n]) by the linear combination of x2, xy, y2, x, y, and 1. With the modifications, we can observe the sign of variation. It can avoid misjudging the pixel at a dot or on a ridge as a corner and is also helpful for increasing the robustness to noise. Moreover, we also use orthogonal polynomial expansion and table looking up and define the comity as the "integration" of the quadratic function to further improve the performance. From simulations, our algorithm can much reduce the probability of regarding a non-corner pixel as a corner. In addition, our algorithm is also effective for edge detection.


Defined the National Wushu Aerobic Exercise( NWAE),as well as its content and features; analyzed the significances and advantages of the implementation of NWAE; pointed out the problems and difficulties of the current implementation of NWAE by fieldwork,this article finally offered corresponding measures. Results show that leaders' lack of knowledge of the NWAE,along with their inadequate attention to NWAE,lack of qualified teachers and equipments and facilities,weak construction of Wushu culture,etc. are seriously hindering the steps of implementation and promotion of NWAE. Therefore,the organization of promoting work,propaganda of NWAE,investment in qualified teacher and equipments and facilities,regularizing Wushu curriculum,motivating the leaders,teachers and students,standardizing the dressing and classroom behaviors,enriching the competing activities are needed to be paid more attention,in order to eliminate the obstacles of implementing NWAE.


Fractal analysis is adoped to study the change of dendrite grain boundary configurations at different solidification rates in two kinds of superalloys. It is found that fractal dimensions of the grain boundaries in both of the alloys increase with the increase of solidification rates. In addition, the relationship between the fractal dimensions of the grain boundaries and the system entropy in the solidified superalloys is discussed from the physical defination of fractal dimension.


A method that generates a static network for a dedicated parallel computer from an application program is proposed. The article describes the heuristic code scheduling algorithm that becomes necessary for the generation of the network. Furthermore, it describes the method of dependency analysis that becomes necessary for the insertion of the data transfer instruction and network generation. A network generation system was developed by this research based on the above algorithm. A parallel computer simulator was developed, and the performance of the generated network and the parallelized program was estimated. It achieved 87.0-94.5% parallel processing efficiency with 32 processors when an experiment was made by using some sample programs. The validity of the generated network and the parallelized program is shown with these results.


By adopting a quantitative research methodology this paper seeks to explore the characteristics and applicability of the QR codes in agri-food products. The research was conducted in Serbia with a sample 308 respondents. The statistical analysis methods employed were correlation and factor analysis using SPSS statistical program. The findings indicate that younger, more educated population in the proposed content of the QR code of honey; value the information on the certificate of honey quality, the chemical composition of honey and the influence of honey ingredients on the body with information on how to identify real honey, in relation to counterfeit, as the most useful to consumers. The results of this research have been further applied for the development of a QR code for a traditional food product, the Fruska Gora linden honey with a geographical indication.


Patient outcomes for arthroscopic repairs rotator cuff repairs have been analyzed almost exclusively by means of a single post-operative follow-up date. The purpose of this study was to examine the results of arthroscopic repairs of large rotator cuff tears performed by a single surgeon, both serially and at a two-year endpoint following surgery. Seventeen patients with retracted U-shaped tears involving the supraspinatus were repaired arthroscopically between June 2002 and October 2003 using marginal convergence suturing followed by tendon-to-bone fixation. Patients were assessed at six weeks, three months, six months, one year, and two years following surgery. Each assessment consisted of a medical history, physical examination, and the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC®) questionnaire. Evaluation at the two-year study endpoint also included range of motion measurements and a modified University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) scoring system. During the follow-up period, the three-month average WORC score (63.1%) was the first statistically significant difference from the pre-operation mean of 40.7%. WORC scores peaked at six months post-op (75.5%), and plateaued after this date. The one- and two-year average WORC scores (74.2% and 69.5%, respectively) did not differ significantly from the peak score achieved after six months. At the final two-year follow-up, the average UCLA score was 27.1. Fourteen of seventeen patients (78%) were satisfied with their surgical outcome. When workers' compensation claimants were excluded from the results, the average UCLA score was 32.0 and patient satisfaction was 100%. There was no significant difference in average range of motion between the surgically-repaired shoulder and the unaffected shoulder. This study shows that shoulder function improved significantly by three months after arthroscopic rotator cuff surgery and plateaued at six months post-op as measured by the WORC index. There was no statistically significant change in WORC score after six months post-op.


Learning causal models is one of the central problems of cognitive science. We describe a simulation of early learning in physical domains from observations that uses progressive alignment and qualitative modeling to derive plausible causal models from observations. We show how protohistories can be created via progressive alignment and used with covariance algorithms to infer causality. The result, a causal corpus described using qualitative representations, can make simple predictions and set the stage for more sophisticated later models. The simulation has been successfully tested with three learning problems, with encouraging results.


Vapor compression (VC) is by far the most dominant technology for meeting all cooling and refrigeration needs around the world. It is a mature technology with the efficiency of modern compressors approaching the theoretical limit, but its environmental footprint remains a global problem. VC refrigerants such as hydrochloroflurocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are a significant source of green house gas emissions, and their global warming potential (GWP) is as high as 1000 times that of CO2 [Buildings Energy Data Book (Building Technologies Program, Department of Energy, 2009)]. There is an urgent need to develop an alternative high-efficiency cooling technology that is affordable and environmentally friendly [A. D. Little, Report For Office of Building Technology State and Community Programs, Department of Energy, 2001]. Here, we demonstrate that elastocaloric cooling (EC), a type of solid-state cooling mechanism based on the latent heat of reversible martensitic transformation, can have the ...


The purpose of this study was to examine the relations among types of teacher questions, student responses, and the timing regarding questioning within science classroom discourse. Thirty one teachers consented to the study and their classrooms were videotaped during a 40-minute science lesson. Classroom discussions that followed an Initiation-Response-Evaluation (IRE) pattern were coded. It was found that about 65% of all teacher questions were short answer questions. Teacher wait-time, student response, and teacher evaluation time were significantly higher in long answer questions compared to short answer questions. Finally, there were positive correlations among these three variables. Detailed analysis results for short and long answer question types were also examined as a part of this study.


Based on the field work carried out during the oral trial of eight police chiefs in a case known as "the cause of the envelopes", I propose to analyze a set of institutional relations that make up a police-political and judicial network. The objective of this article is to question the notions of police "autonomy" and "self-government", to account for how the police are forming part of an interwoven fabric of institutions and to think that "the police", "justice" and "politics" cannot be seen as monolithic and separate blocks. Second, From the notions of squeezing, filling and judging, the type of relationships, complicity, collaboration, conflict and others that produce the aforementioned are analyzed. plot between institutions.


Figure 3: (a) Track created up to the distal tip of the broken nail with the cannulated drill. (b,c) Picture and fluoroscopy depiction of the ball-tipped guide wire passed up from below into the broken nail segment. (d) The ball-tipped guide wire extracted from the proximal wound along with the broken nail). Should read as Figure 3: (a) Track created up to the distal tip of the broken reamer with the cannulated drill. (b,c) Picture and fluoroscopy depiction of the ball-tipped guide wire passed up from below into the broken reamer segment. (d) The ball-tipped guide wire extracted from the proximal wound along with the broken reamer ).


There are several methods/algorithms for the design of LMJ-based H∞ controller. In order to select the related algorithm correctly in design, the solving ideas and procedures of these algorithms are analyzed. It is presented that the function hinfmix () by using the linearizing change of variables is more suitable for multiobjective problem. An example is given to illustrate the different results of the MATLAB functions.


We discuss the kinematic limits for the process \nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_\mu + e^+ + e^- in the assumption that neutrinos are superluminal. We derive our results by assuming that: i) it exists one reference frame in which energy and momentum are conserved; ii) the Hamilton-Jacobi equation v=dE/dp is valid; iii) the present experimental information on the neutrino velocity at different energies are correct. We show that the considered process cannot be avoided unless very peculiar neutrino dispersion laws are assumed.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a circuit device for operating an electric discharge lamp. SOLUTION: This device comprises input terminals K1, K2 for the connection to a power supply; rectifiers D1-D4 connected to the terminals K1, K2 for rectifying the voltage supplied from the power supply; accumulation means connected to the rectifiers; and DC-AC convertor 111 having a terminal connecting an electric discharge lamp. The device is further provided with means I (R1-R6, T1 , T2 , C1 /R6 , V, VI, VII) detecting a cyclic current pulse having a larger amplitude than a given value W1 and means II (IIA, S1) changing the operation condition of circuit device while being connected to the means I. Accordingly when this circuit device is used together with an improper dimmer, it is possible to prevent the device from being damaged.


Archaic rock engravings are found widely across the arid interior of Australia and are thought to represent an early pan‐continental tradition. A late Pleistocene age is assumed because of extensive weathering, but attempts to test this by direct dating have been unsuccessful. We use AMS 14C dating of calcium oxalate skins covering archaic engravings at two rock shelter sites in Central Australia (Wanga East and Puritjarra), constrained by 14C dates of charcoal in sedimentary layers beneath the same engraved slabs, to show this rock art is mid‐Holocene in age. Despite a limited range of simple geometric designs and uniformity across the arid interior, this corpus of rock art is not associated with the initial peopling of the Australian desert, but is a later development reflecting the dynamics of established desert societies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Abstract Oscillation criteria for nth order differential equations with deviating arguments of the form x ( n − 1) ( t ) α − 1 x ( n − 1) ( t ) ′ + F(t, x[g(t)]) = 0, n even are established, where g ∈ C([t0, ∞),  R ), F ∈ C([t0, ∞) ×  R ,  R ), and α > 0 is a constant.


ABSTRACT Objective: Cardiovascular risk as suggested by its name refers to altered lipid profile and C-reactive protein. It is associated with hypothyroidism due to the effect of abnormal concentrations of thyroid hormones in the cardiovascular system and increased the risk of atherosclerosis. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with cardiac abnormalities is not well-documented. C-reactive protein one of the markers of inflammation, considered to be the predictor of cardiovascular diseases. It may be helpful in the assessment of future developments of cardiovascular abnormalities in subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: Recently diagnosed 71 subclinical hypothyroidism patients were enrolled in the study and compared with 63 healthy individuals. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration. Thyroid profile (TSH, free thyroxine, triiodothyroinine) and C-reactive protein were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol were investigated in the study population by a spectrophotometric method, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was measured by the Friedewald formula. Results and Conclusion: Altered lipid profile, as well as higher concentrations of C-reactive protein, was observed in subclinical hypothyroidism patients as compared to controls. Higher concentration of TC, TG, and LDL was observed in subclinical hypothyroidism patients while the concentration of high-density lipoprotein was lower in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. The elevated concentration of C-reactive protein was also observed in the patient group. Patients having TSH >10 µIU/ml have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to patients having TSH <10 µIU/ml and increasing concentration of C-reactive protein along with LDL-C may progress to cardiac abnormality. Keywords: Subclinical hypothyroidism, C-reactive protein, Dyslipidemia, Cardiovascular risk.


When babies start to babble, they babble some sounds more often than others. In his Perspective,
 Locke
 discusses the findings of a new analysis of babbling babies in environments where English or other languages such as French, Swedish, or Japanese are spoken (MacNeilage and Davis). It turns out that babies preferentially babble four sequences of consonant and vowel sounds, a tendency that is reflected in the structure of protowords found in many of the world9s languages.


Reboiler systems have been an important part of process plant design since the beginning of the chemical process industries (CPI). However, some of the details that go into the design of a reboiler system are unappreciated by many chemical engineers, and attention to detail is of utmost importance. This article reviews the details of reboiler system design and how they affect the system from maintainability, operability, and safety standpoints.


There seems little doubt that if something has the potential to be valuable then there is good prima facie reason to value it. One values the unimpressive brown objects that one plants in autumn for their potential to become the snowdrops of the winter's end and the daffodils of the spring's beginnings. One values the lump of thoroughly bashed about cold and slimy clay for the pot it has the ential to become. The battery hen farmer values the eggs in his incubators for their potential to become chickens and thus profits. In each case however the value of the initial entity is not generally as great as the value of the entity it has the potential to become and in each case destruction of the initial entity is generally of less importance than destruction of the entity it has the potential to become. Are things different with human beings? All rightthinking people acknowledge an intrinsic value pertaining to all people such that they are intrinsically valuable and such that it is wrong to destroy them (or at least wrong to destroy them unless they are in some sense unjust aggressors, or unless they have, in certain intolerable circumstances, requested such destruction). Does the potential of early, living human beings to become people require us to acknowledge the same intrinsic value and the same right to life in early human beings such as human embryos, human fetuses and newly born human babies that we acknowledge for people? Traditional religious attitudes to abortion have often asserted and argued that this is indeed the case and that 'human beings with potential' (as distinct from potential human beings a crucial distinction in, for example, Roman Catholic discussion of these issues), should, from the time of conception, be accorded the same moral respect and protection as developed human beings are accorded; in particular, that from the moment of conception an innocent human being has a right to life. Opposing this view is the 'pro-choice' view that regards the matter of abortion as mainly a matter for the pregnant woman and which sees the embryo and fetus (though not usually the newborn child) as only potentially the sort of human being that has a right to life. This position rejects the claim that the argument from potential justifies ascription of the same rights to embryos and fetuses as are ascribed to adult people. It argues in opposition that embryos and fetuses while they have the potential to be human persons do not yet have the attributes or properties that make them human persons and therefore do not yet have the rights that are intrinsic to human persons, and in particular the right to life. In this issue of the journal Ms Poplawski and Dr Gillett argue that while 'the standard' version of the argument from potential is indeed inadequate to support a conclusion that embryos and fetuses ought to be ascribed a right to life, there is another, Aristotelian version of the argument from potential that does require, if not the ascription of an intrinsic individual right to life for all human beings, then at least the ascription of 'a relative sanctity for all human life' a sanctity 'attached to the human form as a whole where that form is viewed in a longitudinal sense and therefore present from conception and onwards throughout an entire life' (1). The outline of their argument is given in the following quotation: 'We will give a more Aristotelian analysis ... and argue that the form of a human being extends beyond that present at a given slice of time to take in the breadth of an entire life. There is a phase of development, a phase ofmoral engagement with others and a phase of dying (which may be abrupt or more drawn out). On this view the process of becoming a person is a progression through a series of linked developmental stages. Because each stage is an essential component of the whole, the form of humanity involves a life with a characteristic longitudinal "shape". 'At one stage of this whole the individual becomes a rational social being and an inherent moral value is realised. We then take this moral value, inherent to human beings as rational social beings (persons), and attach it to the form as a whole.' There can be little doubt that a temporally 'longitudinal' view of the form (or nature?) of human beings is what underlies our appreciation of the potential of human embryos and fetuses and even babies to become 'fully fledged' human people. Indeed in the case of early embryos what other reason could there plausibly be for ascribing some special moral value to the ball of cells that constitutes the early human embryo, other than a 'longitudinal' view of the coright.


The high purity amidinothiourea phosphate(P800) was got from the reaction of dIcyandiamide and phosphoric acid.And then this product was formulated with phosphoric acid and agent to prepare the fire-retardant urea-formaldehyde resins.The molar ratio of urea to formaldehyde was 1:1.3,the urea was added in batches,and the borax and P800 was added.The whole synthesis process was a weak base——weak acid——weak base process.


We adopted the method recommended by WHO to isolate and identify polioviruses with L20B, RD and Hep 2 cells. The results showed that L20B cells has good specificity, and is not sensitive to non polio enteroviruses. For isolating poliovirus of known strains and from stool suspension specimens the poliovirus detection rates were 100% and 93.3% separately, all higher than using RD and Hep-2 cells. Especially in the case that poliovruses distributed not evenly or mixed with non-polio enteroviruses, L20B cells can catch polioviruses from specimen efficiently and accurately. Adopting L20B and RD cells to isolate and identify polioviruses is superior to RD and Hep-2 cells, but for non-polio enteroviruses the isolation rate would be affected.


In this paper, an experimental study on the heat transfer characteristics of two-phase flow boiling of some alternative refrigerants to HCFC-22, on air/refrigerant horizontal enhanced surface tubing, is presented. Correlations have been proposed to predict the heat transfer characteristics such as average heat transfer coefficients, as well as pressure drops of alternatives to R-22; such as R-507, R-404A, R-407C, R-410A and R-408A in two-phase flow boiling inside enhanced surface tubing. In addition, it was found that the refrigerant mixture's pressure drop is a weak function of the mixture's composition. It was found that the correlations were applicable to the entire heat and mass flux, investigated in the present study, for the proposed blends under question. The deviation between the experimental and predicted values for the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop were less than ± 20, and ± 35 per cent, respectively, for the majority of data.


Recently the increasing attention in Russia is paid to purposeful training in Russian as status (the status nation) children of the migrants staying to Russia from the CIS countries and the Neighboring Countries. It is enough to mention the part of the "Moskovskij Uchebnik" series created by teachers of MIOO UNESCO chair and center of international formation of "Etnosfera" ("Russian from a step to a step: pronunciation, reading, letter"; "We study at the Russian school") and "The Russian abc-book for migrants" of group of authors of Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia (St. Petersburg). Similar editions are written (mainly Russian authors) and for Russian-speaking diaspora out of Russia (both Near, and Foreign Countries) which is quite often presented to the second and even by the third generation of natives of the republics of the former USSR and for the families of labor migrants coming to Russia. Thus, there is an impression that on identical grants from the methodical point of view (incl. a graphic row, selection of texts, giving of grammar and so forth) the following categories of speakers are trained: native speakers on Russian as only state language (Russia)/ one of state (Belarus, Ossetia, Transnistria) ones (language of training and the learned language); speakers on Russian as non-state, but staying in mainly Russian-speaking environment which remained since the period of the USSR (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine official language; Tajikistan, Uzbekistan language official language; Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia...) ; speakers on Russian as "family language" in completely foreign-language and foreign culture environment (foreign country). Is that right? The author will try to answer the question in the article.


Explores the relationship among the German confessional divide, collective memories of religion, and the construction of German national identity and difference.


Background: Wrist function has a significant impact on quality of life, which is why restoring normal wrist movement after surgery is so important. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the restrictions imposed on "face-to-face" visits, using smartphones has become more important in tracking patients. The main purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of telemedicine in following up patients who had undergone distal radius fracture operation. Materials and Methods: From February to October 2020, 126 patients between 20 and 60 years old were randomly selected at our orthopedic trauma center. All patients were visited in person by an orthopedic surgeon in the morning (control group) and again all of them were visited online via smartphone in the evening by another orthopedic surgeon (case group). Both visits were done at regular intervals in the 2nd, 6th, and 12th weeks after surgery. Patients were evaluated for extremity function outcomes and joint range of motion. Results: The two groups were similar in terms of mean Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation score and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score and did not show a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in wrist range of motion measurements between the two groups (in-person visits and smartphone visits) during the follow-ups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Changes in wrist range of motion after surgery can be assessed with high accuracy using smartphone applications and this method can be considered as a proper alternative to frequent in-person visits to evaluate postsurgical wrist condition.


Combining with the example of a construction work in Yongcheng city,He'nan province,it introduces systematically the application program of earth filling with coal gangue by dynamic compaction method,gives qualitative and quantitative evaluation on the consolidation effect with the use of dynamic compaction through the contrast between the researches and analysis of situ experimental results before and after dynamic compaction,finally get the bearing capacity after the consolidation of foundation.The result shows that the foundation bearing capacity and deformation after dynamic compaction can fulfill design request,whereas lack of local homogeneity which can be resolved by related countermeasures to foundation.This paper provides preference for similar construction work.


Background: Friendships constitute an integral part of adolescent growth and development. As the teens explore their identity towards functional independence, teen peer relationship acquires an important role. Contrary to prevailing beliefs, peer pressure can have both a positive and negative impact on youths. Methods: A school based cross sectional study carried out on adolescents falling between the age group of 11 to 19 years using a pre-designed written questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analytical methods. Results: The mean age for all was 17 years (Range 15-19 years). Adolescents preferred long term friendships (52%), opposite gender (66%) and similar socioeconomic status (43%) while making friendships. Majority admitted to have good quality time spent with parents (81%) and parents as the most influential persons in their lives (85%). While, teen peer relationship  can result in  improvement in academic performance (96%), skill and personality development (96%) it can also have negative influences like alcohol intake (52%), cigarette smoking (55%) and other misconducts (55%). Conclusions: Though, it may appear that teens are all influenced by their peers, parents continue to be the most influential persons in their lives. Peer friendships although thought of as all negative impact, can also have a  positive effect on youth development.


This paper proposes a study of distributed denial-of service attacks and a study of the defense mechanism that strive to counter these attacks. The attack illustrate do using both known and potential attack mechanisms along with this classification we discuss important feature .So each attack category that in turn define the challenge involved in combating these threats. Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS) attacks Have become a large problem for users of computer Systems connected to the Internet. DDOS attackers hijack secondary victim systems using them to wage a Coordinated large-scale attack against primary victim systems. Keywords—DDOS , Defense , Denial of services.


The 5th annual Applied Pharmaceutical Analysis (APA) Conference recently convened in Boston, affording a unique opportunity for analytical scientists and pharmaceutical opinion leaders to exchange ideas on subjects related to drug disposition. The theme for this year's meeting, The Role of Bioanalysis and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion in Translational Medicine, was evident throughout the sessions. Consistent with past meetings, the sessions were grouped into three workshops representing different areas of focus: regulated bioanalysis, biotransformation and discovery. A total of 68 talks were presented at APA 2009, along with nine posters. While MS was the main analytical tool represented, several ligand-binding applications were also presented, consistent with the current industry trend towards protein biomarkers and biotherapeutics. Overall, the meeting attracted 290 attendees, which represents an 8% increase from 2008. The affiliation of attendees was as follows: pharmaceutical and...


Based on the network simulator which name is NS2, a more complete and independent anycast communication module is designed and implemented. Through improving NS2′s group management, extending addresses and classifier, and expanding the function for anycast communication, this communication module solve the key technical problem of simulating anycast communication protocol on NS2 and analyzing the performance of anycast routing algorithm. The algorithm′s simulation results show that this anycast communication module is effective and feasible, and it can use to analyze specific performance of anycast routing algorithm.


The rapid expansion of Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) in China has drawn considerable attention as it may not only decrease vegetation diversity but also alter soil nutrient cycling in the affected ecosystems. Soil extracellular enzymes mediate nutrient cycling by catalyzing the organic matter decomposition; however, the mechanisms by which alien plant invasion may affect soil extracellular enzymes remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the responses of soil extracellular enzyme activities and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry to S. canadensis invasion. Several extracellular enzymatic activities related to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling were measured using a fluorometric method. Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry was used as a proxy of soil microbial metabolic limitations. S. canadensis invasion appeared to be associated with decreased activities of enzymes and with substantial conversions of microbial metabolic carbon and nitrogen limitations. The changes in the activities of extracellular enzymes and the limitations of microbial metabolism were correlated with the alterations in the nutrient availability and resource stoichiometry in the soil. These findings reveal that the alterations in soil available nutrients associated with S. canadensis invasion may regulate extracellular enzymatic activities and cause microbial metabolic limitations, suggesting that S. canadensis invasion considerably affects biogeochemical


tioning (DIF) have been proposed primarily for the item response theory dichotomous response model. Three measures of DIF for the dichotomous response model are extended to include Samejima's graded response model: two measures based on area differences between item true score functions, and a χ statistic for comparing differences in item parameters. An illustrative example is presented. Item response theory (IRT) methods for detecting differential item functioning (DIF) have been proposed primarily for the dichotomous IRT model in which an item is scored as correct or incorrect. The dichotomous case is the IRT model used for most achievement and ability testing. Fewer methods for detecting DIF for the graded response IRT model have been proposed. Under IRT, the parameters of the item are assumed to be invariant over samples of examinees drawn from the same population. When invariance does not hold for item parameters, the item is said to be functioning differentially; that is, the item is a DIF iterrc. Such items are of concern because they present a potential threat to the validity of the test. DIF studies under IRT require that item parameters for a set of items be estimated in two groups. The reference group (R) is usually a majority group, and the focal group (F) is usually a minority group. The item parameter estimates must be expressed in the same metric before any comparisons can be made between item response functions (IRFS). Current methods for DIF detection in the IRT dichotomous model consist of two general approaches. In the first approach, the area between IRFs is estimated and tested using two Z tests proposed by Raju (1990). In the second approach, parameters of IRFS estimated in different samples are compared. Examples of this include the X described by Lord (1980) and the likelihood ratio test described by Thissen, Steinberg, & Wainer (1988). It is important to differentiate between the detection of DIF and the impact of DIF. DIF is detected either by area or item parameter differences; impact is described by determining who is affected by the DIF. This paper focuses on the detection of DIF. The transformation or linking of the metric obtained in the focal group to that of the reference group can be affected by the presence of DIF; therefore, the resulting link between the two metrics may be incorrect. If this occurs, errors may result in the detection of DIF (Shepard, Camilli, & Williams, 1984). Recent evidence (Baker & Al-Karni, 1991; Kim & Cohen, 1992) suggests that the test characteristic curve (TCc) method for linking (Stocking & Lord, 1983) may be more accurate for small samples than a mean method (Loyd & Hoover, 1980), a weighted mean and sigma method (Linn, Levine, Hastings, & Wardrop, 1981), or the minimum 2 Method (Divgi, 1985). Baker (1992) extended the 'rcc method to the case of the graded response model. The present paper extends Raju's


A recent paper by Wolters et al. [1] has raised considerable interest and stirred some debate regarding whether or not the word "idiopathic" should still be part of the name of the disease that we currently call idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) [2]. The authors stated that the term idiopathic no longer seemed to describe this progressive lung disease accurately, especially considering the increasing understanding of the causes and pathogenesis of IPF. In a perspective published in the European Respiratory Journal, Wells et al. [3] responded that IPF remains a truly idiopathic fibrotic disease, with no overall explanation for the development of disease, with the exception of genetic predilection and some familial cases. "Cryptogenic" and "idiopathic" have different roots and slightly different meanings, which could reconcile the seemingly opposing views on terminology for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis http://ow.ly/mvMb30nc2te


The minimum mean squared error (MMSE) channel estimator (CE) can provide receiver performance better than the least square (LS) CE. However, the MMSE CE usually uses a pilot pattern optimally designed for the LS CE. In this paper, we derive an optimum pilot pattern for the MMSE CE in single-carrier MIMO systems assuming that both the transmitter and receiver know the average channel information, such as the channel correlation matrix and signal to interference and noise power ratio. Analytic and simulation results show that the MMSE CE with the use of the proposed pilot pattern can reduce the MSE compared to the use of one optimized for the LS CE.


Understanding online consumers and their buying behavior had been the major focus for marketers and gained special attention among the marketing science researchers for over three decades. The purpose of this research is to investigate the past and current trends in online consumer behavior domain, by highlighting the research themes through bibliometric analysis and provide an agenda for future research. The study carried out a systematic literature review of online consumer behavior research with the help of bibliometric analysis from 1999 to 2020, and the bibliographic data of 1254 documents were obtained from the Scopus, one of the popular academic indexing databases. The study performed various bibliometric analysis using open-source software tools, including Biblioshiny, VOS Viewer, and Sci2 tool. This paper is unique in applying a variety of quantitative and scientific mapping tools for better understanding and visualization of the research field. The analysis of scientific research will be a reference guide for research scholars in the academic community for understanding the intellectual structure, theoretical foundations of online consumer behavior research and identify the knowledge gaps and recommend future research directions. It can also help the marketing practitioners to understand the dynamic characteristics of online consumers and their buying behavior, through various contributions made by the scientific literature.


Micro-grid is a distribution subnet which has a certain degree of control capabilities and self-regulation, including distributed generation, energy conversion device, load monitoring and protection device. Hybrid AC/DC micro-grid is an ideal and powerful topology model in the process of development of diversification and low cost for the distributed generation, the distribution network and the loads. In this paper, aiming at the access and control applications for the high density distributed power and loads in the hybrid AC/DC distribution network in the future, a new mutual support hybrid AC/DC micro-grid topology structure is proposed. Meanwhile, a corresponding simulation model is established. Based on this, stability of proposed hybrid AC/DC micro-grid system is studied. Finally, simulation results further verified the correctness of the model of hybrid AC/DC micro-grid and the feasibility of the proposed scheme of hybrid AC/DC micro-grid.


The stand-alone solar power system provides the necessary, simple and now cost effective solution for irrigation water pumping solution. This paper investigate the design a single-stage solar powered 5.0kw induction machine driven water pump system with boost and MPPT. The MPPT operation in single stage done by the quasi-Z source network and pump driven by the normal voltage source 3-phase inverter. The control of single stage inverter done by the two independent loop, the first loop control the MPPT using the shoot-through a-leg during zero state, and second loop control the 3-phase inverter and dc-bus voltage by PI controller. The simple V/F and space-vector PWM method use for the speed control of induction machine driven pump in second loop. The control algorithm is implemented digitally in TMS320F28035 microcontroller.


Equilibrium jack is the very important part of a two leg shield support.It affects the performance of the hydraulic support significantly.Lots of serious accidents had happened,the key reason is the failure of equilibrium jack.Equilibrium jack failure modes and reasons were listed and appropriate preventive measures were proposed to prevent similar accidents


Housing has a strategic role in shaping the character and personality of the nation and as an effort to develop Indonesian people as a whole, self-identity, independent, and productive. Therefore, the state is responsible for ensuring the fulfillment of the right to housing in the form of decent and affordable housing. Liability is divided into two, namely mistakes and risks. Thus known as responsibility on the basis of errors (liability without based on fault) and liability without error (liability without fault), known as risk responsibility or absolute liability (strict liability) that can be done by consumers if the developer defaults before PPJB Efforts is done through deliberations to reach consensus. If the word consensus cannot be reached, then the consumer can sue through a general court or if taking the path outside the court, in general the path taken is through arbitration Business actors or developers who violate these provisions are threatened with criminal sanctions for a maximum of 5 years or a maximum fine of Rp2 billion. The threat of sanctions is contained in Article 62 of the Consumer Protection Act. In addition, developers who fail to provide infrastructure, facilities and public utilities will be subject to criminal acts based on Law Number 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Settlement Areas, Article 162 paragraph (1) with a maximum fine of Rp. 5 billion. Keywords : Legal Responsibility, Business Actors, Apartment Consumers DOI : 10.7176/JLPG/99-14 Publication date :July 31st 2020


Design philosophy of University Resource Planning derived from design of ERP system,and got through to build unitive information platform and interface standard to achieve kinds of Application systems integration,but information service need not build unified data system like ERP because of the loose coupled modes.Although the modes was better than ERP in the aspects of application function expansibility and compatibility,but it still faced access bottleneck and uncontrollability when a large number of transfer was used in the application system modes.To solve this problem,the paper provided a management method base on clouding computing technology to solve work efficiency of URP system and obtained well experimental result.


This book is a comprehensive guide and practice book for students and others who want to improve their proficiency in Hindi. It deals with all the four skill areas i.e. listening, speaking, reading and writing. This book will also prove useful for the Preliminary and Intermediate stages of the Languages Ladder in Hindi.


Using field plot experiment, the influences of film mulching and permanent-bed-planting leguminous crops on growth, yield and quality of Chinese cabbage were studied. The results showed that in comparison with traditional planting method, film mulching, permanent-bed-planting soybeans, and film mulching + permanent-bed-planting soybeans all can improve the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, yield and quality of Chinese cabbage leaf, and fi lm mulching especially can improve the yield of Chinese cabbage. Among them, yield improved by 130.7%, 7.2% and 17.3%, respectively; Chlorophyll increased by 7.4%, 9.2% and 10.3%, respectively; net photosynthetic rate improved by 42.6%, 39.9% and 39.2%, respectively; vitamin C improved by 6.1%, 33.3% and 39.4%, respectively; soluble sugar increased by 18.6%, 14.3% and 22.5%, respectively; nitrate reduced by 7.5%, 25.0% and 25.0%, respectively.


This article considers the position of clinical psychology in the evolving NHS. It describes how the changing structures in the NHS over the past 30 years created opportunities for greater influence, and how the recent changes may limit that. It goes on to consider how we might build on the developments we have created and strengthen our influence.


The purpose of this paper is primarily to analyze the narrative characteristics and study the feminine storytelling in transmedia content focused on woman's diary. Transmedia storytelling uses multiple media platforms to provide users with a big story experience. Particularly, it is composed of a rhizomatic structure which pursues transdimensional, non-hierarchical and multiplicitous characteristics as it uses a variety of media simultaneously. Users navigate through story blocks, select and combine them and connect to various media to solve the problem, to find the hidden clues and fill the blanks of the story. The formal characteristics of such transmedia content give significant effect on the theme of the content. Through the multiple channels of media, voices of subaltern such as youth, female, a person of color, etc. can be spoken out. In addition, a single event can be interpreted in various point-of-views. In this process, orality-literary interaction is pursued while restoring orality. 'Woman's diary' is a form and motif that reveals such intermediality, orality, polyphony, and hybridity. Woman's diary is a clue to the event and a puzzle to solve in transmedia content. This is also a private discourse that the Others are able to give their own voices. This study concludes that transmedia storytelling integrates binary oppositions between technology and art, orality and literacy, developer and user, and implements polyphony by practicing 'feminine writing' proposed by Hélène Cixous.


With large diameter foam insulated pipe lines, the engineer must contend with a major shortcoming of foam insulation - the severe problems associated with field bending large diameter pipe. Bending foam insulated pipe will result in inevitable localized insulation damage. Minimizing this damage while achieving good quality pipe bends, will require proper choice of physical properties for both insulation and jacket, bending machine improvements and a realistic appraisal of standards for bend quality.


A diagram editor based on Rich Internet Applications( R IA)is designed and realized in this paper.The back end of the browser is based on E language file and provides data service conforming to the IEC 61970 standards.The graphics delegate may fetch data and create multiple views including power grid layer view,diagram view and report view on Internet Web as needs.The diagram includes schematic diagram,single line detailed view and etc.


On a touchscreen keyboard, it can be difficult to continuously type without frequently looking at the keys. One factor contributing to this difficulty is called hand drift, where a user's hands gradually misalign with the touchscreen keyboard due to limited tactile feedback. Although intuitive, there remains a lack of empirical data to describe the effect of hand drift. A formal understanding of it can provide insights for improving soft keyboards. To formally quantify the degree (magnitude and direction) of hand drift, we conducted a 3-session study with 13 participants. We measured hand drift with two typing interfaces: a visible conventional keyboard and an invisible adaptive keyboard. To expose drift patterns, both keyboards used relaxed letter disambiguation to allow for unconstrained movement. Findings show that hand drift occurred in both interfaces, at an average rate of 0.25mm/min on the conventional keyboard and 1.32mm/min on the adaptive keyboard. Participants were also more likely to drift up and/or left instead of down or right.


Two major remedial campaigns have been applied to a plume of trichloroethene (TCE) contaminated groundwater near the former X-740 facility at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant in Piketon Ohio. The two selected technologies, phytoremediation using a stand of hybrid poplar trees from 1999-2007 and in situ chemical oxidation using modified Fenton's Reagent from 2008-2009, have proven ineffective in achieving remedial action objectives (RAOs). The 'poor' performance of these technologies is a direct result of site specific conditions and the local contaminant hydrogeology. Key among these challenges is the highly heterogeneous subsurface geology with a thin contaminated aquifer zone (the Gallia) - the behavior of the contamination in the Gallia is currently dominated by slow release of TCE from the clay of the overlying Minford formation, from the sandstone of the underlying Berea formation, and from clayey layers within the Gallia itself. In response to the remediation challenges for the X-740 plume, the Portsmouth team (including the US Department of Energy (DOE), the site contractor (CDM), and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA)) is evaluating the feasibility of remediation at this site and identifying specific alternatives that are well matched to site conditions and that would maximize the potential for achieving more » RAOs. To support this evaluation, the DOE Office of Groundwater and Soil Remediation (EM-32) assembled a team of experts to serve as a resource and provide input and recommendations to Portsmouth. Despite the challenging site conditions and the failure of the previous two remediation campaigns to adequately move the site toward RAOs, the review team was unanimous in the conclusion that an effective combination of cost effective technologies can be identified. Further, the team expressed optimism that RAOs can be achieved if realistic timeframes are accepted by all parties. The initial efforts of the review team focused on reviewing the site history and data and organizing the information into a conceptual model and findings to assist in evaluating the potential of alternative remediation technologies. Examples of the key conceptual findings of the EM-32 review team were: (1) The Gallia represents the most practical target for deployment of in situ remediation treatment reagents - injection/extraction focused in this zone would provide maximum lateral impacts with minimal potential risk of failure or adverse collateral impacts. (2) The slow release of TCE from clay and sandstone into the Gallia represent a long term source of TCE that can re-contaminate the Gallia in the future - technologies that effectively treat the permeable portions of the Gallia, but do not leave residual treatment capacity in the system are unlikely to achieve long term remedial action objectives. CDM, the site contractor, provided important and useful information documenting the status and preliminary results of the on-site technology alternative evaluation. In the CDM evaluation, potential technologies were either retained (or screened out) in two preliminary evaluation phases and a detailed evaluation was performed on the five alternatives that were retained into the final 'detailed analysis' phase. The five alternatives that were included in the detailed analysis were: (1) hydraulic fracturing with EHC (a solid bioremediation amendment), (2) enhanced anaerobic bioremediation, (3) in situ chemical oxidation, (4) electrical resistance heating, and (5) reactive barriers. In several cases, two or three variants were separately evaluated. The review team found the CDM effort to be generally credible and reasonable. Thus, the review team focused on providing additional considerations and inputs to Portsmouth and on amending and refining the alternatives in ways that might improve performance and/or reduce costs. The Department of Energy Portsmouth Paducah Project Office requested assistance from Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management (EM-32) to provide an independent technical panel to review previous and ongoing remedial activities designed to address TCE contamination in groundwater at X-740. In 1999, a corrective action was implemented at X-740 to address contamination in the groundwater. The DOE planted poplar trees over 2.6 acres of the groundwater plume. After several years of groundwater monitoring, the results indicated that the benefits of phytoremediation were limited and insufficient to meet remedial objectives. In 2007, an alternative remedial strategy based on in situ oxidative treatment was negotiated with Ohio EPA. During FY2008, three treatment phases of chemical oxidation were completed. The general charter for the independent technical review team is to review the results of s previous and ongoing remedial actions to determine whether the current strategy will be effective in meeting the end points specified in the regulatory work plan. « less


The objective of this research is to evaluate the perceptions of different trading firms about the quality of the logistics infrastructure for the foreign trade. Based on the literature review, the major dimensions regarding these firms were defined and operationalized: type of load (container or bulk) and criticality of port operation. A survey was conducted with the 250 largest Brazilian firms ranked at the AEB list (Brazilian Foreign Trade Firms Association). Based on the 101 questionnaires returned, it was identified that the bulk traders tend to consider the access to ports a bigger logistical shortcoming than the container traders. With regard to the criticality of port operation, firms of the intermediate goods industry perceive the decay of the physical infrastructure and the foreign trade bureaucracy as a consequence of their limited production capacity


C kidney disease (CKD) and its complications, which involve most organ systems, can be prevented. Cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms are the two major fatal complications. Although it is important to prevent these two, there have been few discussions, and awareness and use of accurate methods are needed to enable timely diagnosis. Based on our more than 10 years experience in a long term care of predialysis patients with CKD, simple and accurate tests will be presented. A single center, retrospective cohort study was performed that included 553 patients (female/male; 179/343; 71 + 4 years old) in stages 4 and 5 CKD (estimated GFR 15 + 6 ml/min/1.73 m2) were treated in the kidney disease center from 2001 to 2009. 11 patients had fatal myocardial infarctions, 6 patients had non fatal cerebrovascular infarction and 19 patients had neoplasms. Based on these data, we started to search for a method for early detection of cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. For cardiovascular diseases, left ventricular hypertrophy found in echocardiography was associated with progression to dialysis but not with early detection of catastrophic cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, occult blood in stool samples helped to find polyploid lesions with malignancy in the large intestine.


Nowadays liquid tuned dampers are used in high-rise buildings and many others "dynamically sensitive" engineering structures. Liquid damper properties can be widely changed using different shapes of water containers, additional barriers inside, different types of liquid etc. Different types of liquid dampers exist or are proposed by researchers. Main types of liquid dampers are observed and compared in the paper. One of the main disadvantages of the majority of liquid dampers is that only one main oscillation frequency is damped, that is not enough for the structures, where different vibrations modes are essential simultaneously. Existing solutions of this problem are examined in the paper.


This paper presents a review-based comparative study of state-of-the-art technologies, technical challenges and research barriers, and development trends of gearboxes used in tidal current energy converters (TCECs). Currently, the development of commercial projects using TCECs is still in the demonstration phase. While many drivetrain designs and configurations of TCECs inherit from those of wind turbines, different operational constraints, e.g., high-torque and low-speed conditions, make TCECs potentially suffer from high failure rates in harsh deep-sea environments. Evidence of these potentially high failure rates highlights the need for adopting the most resilient drivetrain options with a high degree of maintainability. The gearbox option is a critical issue that needs to be addressed for the choice of the drivetrain configuration due to its longest downtime per failure among all drivetrain components of TCECs. The main purpose of this study is to review current gearbox technologies of TCECs with advantages and disadvantages as well as to identify future technical challenges and research barriers. Gearbox maintenance is also a focal point in this study. We present a discussion of the operation phase to highlight operational maintenance methods currently used in the tidal energy industry. This study will, therefore, address the critical issue by proposing a review-based gearbox option comparison and discussing potential solutions to reduce operation and maintenance costs of gearboxes of TCECs.


This work presents a type of method to process automatic summarization. And the method is a kind of trainable summarizer, in which the several characteristics considered such as sentence position, positive keyword, the center of negative keyword, title with similar sentence, sentence included in name entity, sentence included in numerical data, relative length of sentence, the comparability of the sentence and the aggregation with bushy path are the abstract each sentence generated. Firstly, the effect of the each sentence characteristic on the task is investigated. Then all the graded functions will be used to generate the modes of genetic algorithm (GA) and mathematical regression (MR), and to obtain a suitable combining characteristic weight. The proposed method is the thing to measure the 100 English religious articles composed by the database on several compressibility and the design method the result presented is promising.


We consider surface branch data with base surface the sphere, odd degree d, three branching points, and two partitions of d of the form (2,...,2,1) and (2,...,2,2h+1). If the third partition has length L, this datum satisfies the Riemann-Hurwitz necessary condition for realizability if h-L is odd and at least -1. For several small values of h and L (namely, for h+L<6) we explicitly compute the number n of realizations of the datum up to the equivalence relation given by the action of automorphisms (even unoriented ones) of both the base and the covering surface. The expression of n depends on arithmetic properties of the entries of the third partition. In particular we find that in the only case where n is 0 these entries have a common divisor, in agreement with a conjecture of Edmonds-Kulkarny-Stong and a stronger one of Zieve.


The non-hydrostatic model of the global neutral wind system of the Earth's atmosphere, developed earlier in the Polar Geophysical Institute, is utilized to investigate how solar activity affects the formation of the large-scale global circulation of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Simulations are performed for the winter period in the northern hemisphere (16 January) and for two distinct values of solar activity (F10.7=101 and 230). The simulation results indicate that solar activity ought to influence considerably on the formation of global neutral wind system in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The influence is conditioned by the vertical transport of air from the lower thermosphere to the mesosphere and stratosphere. This transport may be rather different under distinct solar activity conditions.