The UK government aims to improve the position of those aged over 50 in the labour market. As part of this commitment, the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) commissioned this survey of people aged between 50 and 69 years to identify the factors that encourage labour market participation and influence labour market withdrawal among this age group. Key research objectives were identified for separate groups of interest. For older workers in employment, the aim was to analyse the factors likely to influence the decision to retire or remain in the labour market. For those in receipt of income replacement benefits, factors that might influence people to return to some kind of employment or activity, or move more permanently into inactivity were analysed. For those people who considered themselves to be retired, the reasons for early retirement, whether they would consider working again and/or engage in voluntary activity, satisfaction with retirement and retirement income, and comparisons with pre-retirement expectations were investigated. The research also looked at factors such as financial situations, reasons why people work beyond state pension age, and barriers to economic activity. The survey found that, for many people, the current state pension age of 60 is seen as the 'natural' time to retire. The additional or alternative source of income available at this age increased people's financial capacity to stop working. Evidence revealed that women have already become attuned to extending their working life beyond the current state pension age. The notion of 'semi-retirement' was viewed as a way of easing the transition from work to full retirement. The vast majority of people below state pension age and not working fell into four main categories, each of which have different implications for policy: (1) those who were actively seeking work; (2) those who considered themselves retired or financially secure; (3) those who were looking after home or family and had typically been away from the labour market for a long time or had never had a paid job; and (4) those who were not seeking work for health reasons.


The aim of the article is to reconstruct a fundamental set of views on the national existence and national mission, formulated in the first years of 20th century in the climate of 'metaphysical' and 'national philosophy revival'. What is described here is the work of those writers whose views were finally formed in the period of modernism, although in many cases their literary activity goes beyond the time limits of the Young Poland epoch.


The experiment was conducted at the research field of Agricultural Research Station, Rajbari, Dinajpur during rabi season of 2018-19 and 2019-20 to develop a profitable and economic fertilizer dose and optimum planting time for Squash and to increase the productivity and yield. Two different dates of planting viz. 15 November and 30 November considered as factor A and different organic manures viz., vermicompost, poultry manure and cowdung considered as factor B. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) design (Factorial) with three replications. Organic manures and planting time showed significant effects on most of the parameters. In case of organic manures, highest individual fruit weight (1707.50 g) and fruit yield (32.43 tha-1) was recorded from vermicompost whereas the lowest fruit weight (1233.17 g) and fruit yield (23.52 tha-1) was recorded from cowdung application. In case of planting time, the highest individual fruit weight (1747.11 g) and fruit yield (29.61 tha-1) was recorded from 15 November planting date whereas the lowest fruit weight (1196.44 g) and fruit yield (25.86 tha-1) was recorded from 30 November planting date. For combination, highest individual fruit weight (2153.66g) and fruit yield (34.06 tha-1) were recorded from vermicompost with 15 November planting date while the lowest individual fruit weight (1105.33g) and fruit yield (20.56 tha-1) were recorded from cowdung with 30 November planting date. Vermicompost with 15 November planting date was found suitable for total productivity and economic return of the system.


We investigate a vertically integrated theater's contract and screen allocation decisions in the movie industry characterized by quality unpredictability, price uni- formity, and revenue-sharing contracts. Based on a simple theoretical model that describes the decisions of theaters and movie distributors, we derive two mecha- nisms of foreclosure behaviors: selection and allocation foreclosure. Our empirical results suggest that integrated theaters not only impose a higher quality standard for movies from independent distributors at contracts but also screen their aliated movies more even after contract. Vertically integrated theaters' favoritism toward its aliated movies are more pronounced at company-owned theaters than franchised theaters. Further, we also nd integrated theaters' favorable treats for their rival movies compared to independent movies as well as non-linearity of the foreclosure e ects across movie quality and seasonality.


The papers in this issue will be welcomed by experts in the field, academic researchers, and practitioners alike, since they provide insightful findings that may also trigger future research here revealing and discussing new trajectories to solve challenges that corporate governance discipline and boards are facing


Melanosis, clinically presenting as a benign macular hyperpigmentation, consists of increased pigmentation (melanotic or melanocytic) either in the mucosal epithelial cells or as subepithelial pigment‐laden macrophages. On the other hand, primary sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is a rare disease with poor prognosis and high rates of local recurrence and metastasis. We report follow‐up on a previously presented case of a 53‐year‐old man with recurrent clinical melanosis that progressed from histopathological melanocytic hyperplasia to melanoma in situ over a period of 4.8 years (Yao et al. Allergy Rhinol (Providence), 2016;7(3):164–167). The patient experienced multiple recurrences and local spread despite multiple extensive surgeries. We now report that this patient ultimately developed bilateral invasive SNMM and died with metastatic melanoma. Molecular analysis of the invasive melanoma revealed ALK rearrangement, specifically an EML4‐ALK fusion, which represents the first report of this particular genetic variant in mucosal melanoma.


The research on the form distribution of woods' root system is one part of forest ecosystem study.Based on 20 years' study on root system form distribution,the influence of site condition,tree age and mixed way,soil type on the form distribution is elaborated.And the question,which needs further investigate the relationship of woods and soil,is also put forward.It is regarded that the study on technology of mathematic models is an important field in root system research.


In mobile communications, wireless channel has been widely considered to be time-variant. Recently, the automatic clustering algorithms for dynamic multipath components (MPCs) are one of the key techniques for time-variant channel modeling. Meanwhile, in order to observe the time-variant characteristic of the dynamic MPCs, the tracking algorithm for MPCs or clusters is also required. However, how to combine clustering and tracking algorithm for time-variant channel modeling is still not well solved. In this paper, two frameworks of automatic tracking and clustering for time-variant MPCs are investigated and compared: i) The MPCs tracking based clustering algorithm (MTC), which focuses on identifying the moving paths of the time- variant MPCs between different snapshots, where the initial MPCs need to be clustered at first. For MTC, instead of using the minimum distance between each MPC/cluster which has been widely used in the past, the whole distance matrix between successive snapshots is used to accurately identify the moving paths; ii) The cluster-centroids tracking based clustering algorithm (CTC), which is designed to cluster the MPCs in each snapshot individually, and the moving paths of each cluster are identified by tracking the cluster-centroids. By using the F- Measure, the above two algorithms are compared using time-variant channel simulator.


The RELAP5/MOD3 input data model of the MARIA research reactor has been developed to provide the capability for the analysis of the reactor core under loss of flow and reactivity insertion transients. The model was qualified against the reactor data at steady state conditions and, additionally, against the existing reliable experimental data for a transient initiated by the reactor scram. The results obtained with the code agree well with the experimental data. The RELAP transient simulation was performed for loss of forced flow accidents including two scenarios with protected and unprotected (no scram) reactor core. Calculations allow estimating time margin for reactor scram initiation and reactivity feedbacks contribution to the results. The presented input data model should be treated as the first step for developing of the model including the whole primary cooling circuit of the reactor.


Island flaps are defined as those flaps whose pedicle contains only nutrient vessels and nenres-sensory, motor, or both.' " It is not surprising that the first island flap, described by Dunham and MonksQt the turn of the century, was on tlie face since the axially running vessels of tlie face are located suuerficiallv in the subcutaneous tissue of tlie overlying skin. Since that time, numerous skin island flaps for reconstruction of nose, eyelid, lip, and cheek defects have been documented. If the 2 cm pedicle skin flaps",' are added to the island flap category, their application in face and neck surge@ is enormously enlarged. The tirst island flap must be credited to the surgeons of ancient India, the Kooma5, as referred to in the writings of Sushruta in about 800 R.C.l.h-'o The introduction of delaved island flaos was another step forward, permitting camouflage of facial defects otherwise not hlyodermal flaps on a large scale for reconstruction of skin and soft tissue defects in head and neck su rge~y were introduced in the mid to late 1970s. These flaps have literally revnlutionized head and neck surgery.'"-"' Since musculocutaneous flaps are most often dissected as island flaps, they are included in this discussion. The treatment of carcinoma of the face and neck by wide excision of the tumor and with inilnediate reconstruction of the defect is a well-established procedure. In advanced carcinoma of tlie face and neck, fear of mutilation and interference with function rather than involvement with life-supporting structures limits adequate excisional surgery. Furthermore, the patient will more readily submit to wide excision in the face and neck i f immediate repair is assured and mutilation kept to a n,inil,,um. ".'"'fi.1W~.~


This article is mainly included in the information in the article about dental diseases and how to be without them. The article mainly contains information on dental diseases.


The determination of four impurity elements (Co, Pb, Mo, and Ti) in a zirconium oxide matrix is described. The method is applicable to the analysis of metal samples which have been removed from ingots, strips, bars, or other shapes and which can be converted readily to the oxide. Synthetic standards containing the appropriate alloying constituents must be used for the analysis of Zircaloys. Metal samples are converted to the oxide in a muffle furnace, and a one gram portion of the oxide is mixed with 100 mg of chromic oxide. The mixture is pressed into the sample electrode and excited in the d-c arc. Then the spectra are recorded photographically, measured photometrically, and the calculated relative intensity ratios referred to the appropriate analytical curves to determine the elemental concentrations. (auth)


Background Research findings support the application of the glycaemic index concept in the dietary treatment of diabetes. However, it is still unclear how to use this concept in general practice. The G.I. guide was accordingly developed to be used as an educational tool when introducing the glycaemic index in practice.

Methods A sample of 21 professionals involved with the treatment of diabetes (expert population), and 18 individuals with diabetes (lay population), were included in a pilot study to determine the feasibility of The G.I. guide to increase knowledge about the glycaemic index in practice. All participants were asked to complete a knowledge questionnaire on the glycaemic index before and directly after meeting and discussing The G.I. guide.

Results The mean change in knowledge about the glycaemic index before and after being exposed to The G.I. guide was highly significant in both the expert (P < 0.0001) and the lay group (P < 0.0001). The G.I. guide did not change lay or expert participants' opinions about healthy eating guidelines.

ConclusionThe G.I. guide was effective in increasing knowledge and raising interest about the glycaemic index in practice.


An additional renal artery (ARA) is ''An artery other than the 'main' renal artery, which arises from the aorta and terminates in the kidney'' (Satyapal et al., 2001). Rare exceptions to this definition of ARA may arise from the middle sacral, common iliac, internal iliac, or inferior mesenteric arteries (Eisendrath and Strauss, 1910). An extremely rare variation is the topic of this case report. An ARA was observed arising from the contralateral common iliac artery, supplying the lower segment of the kidney and proximal ureter. Furthermore, this unique case is based on a successful live-related renal transplantation and in such a clinical setting is probably the first of its kind to be described. The incidence of ARA is 27.7% (right and left sides, 12.2% and 15.5%, respectively). Bilateral incidence was 11.4%. First ARA were more common on the left side (27.6%) than the right side (18.6%). Second ARA occurred with similar incidences on either side (right, 4.7%; left, 4.4%) (Satyapal et al., 2001).


The Danish excavations in Bahrain of Tylos graves at Sar and from Pylon T158 resulted in the recovery of seventeen skeletons. Apart from a single infant, all remains were of adults with females dying, on average, at a younger age than males. Among the pathological conditions identified, porotic hyperostosis (frequently linked to anaemia) was common. Infectious lesions were observed including two cases tentatively diagnosed as tuberculosis. The only other pathological condition noted was a possible case of skeletal fluorosis. This range of disease is comparable to other skeletal samples dating to the Tylos period. Measurements also indicate that these samples are similar to other Tylos remains from Bahrain. A feature of this period is the disparity in health between males and females, evidenced by differences in robusticity and height. This disparity is more marked than in other periods and it is argued that it is evidence of a greater inequality on the island during this period.


An exact solution is presented to the problem of scattering of a plane wave by a chiral semi-elliptic-cylindrical boss located on an infinite perfectly conducting ground plane. The problem is formulated by expressing the incident, reflected, scattered as well as the transmitted electromagnetic fields in terms of appropriate angular and radial Mathieu functions and sets of expansion coefficients. The unknown expansion coefficients can be determined by imposing the appropriate boundary conditions on the surface of the chiral semi elliptical cylinder. Numerical results are presented for normalized backscattering widths of semi-elliptic-cylindrical bosses of different chiral material, to show the effects of these on it.


By analysis to the fracture mechanism of lining and based on experiments, specific material is compared and proved that, under certain conditions, due to different heat treatment technology, material will become ineffective gradually starting from ductile fracture, quasi-cleavage fracture to cleavage fracture, its strength and hardness will also reduce. Meanwhile the internal causes for material fracture cleavage tongue or microcrack are reemerged. The nature of material heat treatment is discussed based on the experiment phenomenon.


The authors discuss post positive naturalistic inquiry as taught at Curtin University. A large group of Indigenous postgraduates are researching Aboriginal ways of re-defining and presenting the past and present, and putting new voices to them. (non-author abstract)


Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) potently blocks protein synthesis by catalyzing the inactivation of elongation factor‐2 (EF‐2). Targeted PE‐cytotoxins have been used as antitumor agents, although their effective clinical translation in solid tumors has been confounded by off‐target delivery, systemic toxicity, and short chemotherapeutic half‐life. To overcome these limitations, we have created toxin‐resistant stem cells by modifying endogenous EF‐2, and engineered them to secrete PE‐cytotoxins that target specifically expressed (interleukin‐13 receptor subunit alpha‐2) or overexpressed (epidermal growth factor receptor) in glioblastomas (GBM). Molecular analysis correlated efficacy of PE‐targeted cytotoxins with levels of cognate receptor expression, and optical imaging was applied to simultaneously track the kinetics of protein synthesis inhibition and GBM cell viability in vivo. The release of IL13‐PE from biodegradable synthetic extracellular matrix (sECM) encapsulated stem cells in a clinically relevant GBM resection model led to increased long‐term survival of mice compared to IL13‐PE protein infusion. Moreover, multiple patient‐derived GBM lines responded to treatment, underscoring its clinical relevance. In sum, integrating stem cell‐based engineering, multimodal imaging, and delivery of PE‐cytotoxins in a clinically relevant GBM model represents a novel strategy and a potential advancement in GBM therapy. Stem Cells 2015;33:589–600


There is ample evidence that further advancement in the state of the art of digital magnetic recording systems hinges to a large extent on the limitations imposed by the writing process, and in particular on the phenomena of recording demagnetization and asymmetric peak shift. To adequately handle these problems one must consider the dynamic interaction of the writing-demagnetization process self-consistently and integrally, instead of treating these processes as independent and unrelated. The evolution of our theoretical understanding of saturation recording is discussed, with particular emphasis on the iterative process which offers the greatest promise for the adequate treatment of the nonlinear writing-demagnetization phenomena. The results of the theoretical analysis are used to predict the desired properties of the recording materials for high bit packing densities, where recording demagnetizing is severely limiting system performance. Besides the well-known criteria of small thickness and relatively low remanence and high coercivity, a very narrow range of switching fields (steep-sided hysteresis loop) is also very desirable. In this regard the recent development of a superior gamma-ferric oxide coating is most exciting. It consists of nondendritic particles which can be well dispersed and aligned resulting in phenomenal orientation ratios, narrow range of switching fields, and superior recording performance.


The properties of advanced materials depend strongly on their three-dimensional (3D) structure. Conventional TEM/STEM provides a two dimensional representation of this 3D structure that depends in a complex way on dynamical scattering, making information about the third dimension along the optic axis difficult to extract. Several methods have been developed in an effort to circumvent this problem and provide 3D information, including electron tomography, physical and optical sectioning.


In this paper, a memristor with structure of Ag/ PEDOT:PSS/ Ta was fabricated and measured at room temperature. The conductance of the device decreased continuously as the consecutive negative voltage scanning. But for positive voltage sweeping, the conductance value reduced initially then increased, which was quite different from previous reported experimental results. The relaxation phenomenon was observed under the consecutive voltage pulses, which can be used to achieve a synaptic learning behavior. It is found that the PEDOT:PSS layer was critical for the special characteristics.


ABSTRACT Background: Rape is amongst the most prevalent sexual assault against women in Pakistan. 1i These bullets when fired damage the physical, psychological, social, and economical well being of the victim, culminating often into problems culminating in a myriad of social, psychological and medical problems. Objective: To analyze the various medico legal parameters & dimensions of alleged rape cases in metropolis of Karachi and present this analysis in relation to the demographic parameters of the alleged cases. Methods: A descriptive and cross sectional study on a total of 1210 cases of alleged sexual assault, that were reported from January 1, 2007 till December 31, 2011, at the three authorized medico legal centers of Karachi: Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital and Civil Hospital Karachi. Results: Amongst the total of 1210 cases, majority involved unmarried females (n=898; 74.21%), whereas married cases were 312(25.79%). On an average 20% of the cases were reported per year (n=292), with peak incidence in 2011 when the percentage rose to 21.65 %( n=262) and the minimum being at 17.27 %( n=209) in year 2007. Most cases were reported 0-6


Preventive medicine is a practical subject,and experimental teaching is an important way to cultivate the professional ability of prevention medicine,but experimental teaching of preventive medicine in our school does not come up to the expected requirements for cultivation of modern preventive medicine professional. Through strengthening of etiological detection laboratory construction,improving biological effect testing laboratory,community-based open preventive medicine practice teaching platform will be established,and the medical experimental center of prevention will be improved constantly. The construction of experiment center can provide better platform for cultivate students' experimental operation skills,innovation ability,and gradually increase the level of experimental teaching.


SIR Dr Frisher et all have recently addressed the issue of mortality in drug injectors. They report a mortality from all causes of 0.54%, which is substantially lower than that described in previous studies. Additional studies, besides those quoted by Frisher et al,26 showed higher mortality in drug injectors. The main difference between these studies and that of Frisher et al is that the former are all longitudinal follow up studies of drug addicts, while the latter estimates numerator and denominator separately. The authors attribute the lower rate shown in their study to an underenumeration of the denominator. We would suggest that a very likely explanation is the estimate of the numerator. The authors used the following criteria to define deaths related to drugs: (1) ICD code on death certificates; (2) reports of drug injection as the mode of transmission in deaths of subjects tested for HIV from the HIV registry; and (3) reports of drug injection in sudden deaths from the Procurator Fiscal's Office. On the basis of these data they found 51 deaths in the age group 15-40 years for the year 1989. Over 90% of these deaths were attributed to overdose and suicide, 2% to AIDS and accidental causes, and only 9.8% to other medical causes (see table IV in the original paper). The results from other studies (4, 6-7) show that the proportion of deaths not directly related to drug use is relevant. In particular, the cohort study we conducted in Rome (6), following up 4200 drug injectors from 1980-88, showed that other medical causes accounted for 28% of the deaths overall. Not only do injectors seem to die from causes directly related to drug use, they have an excess risk for other causes of death, and such an excess risk could have been missed using the sources described by Frisher et al. In conclusion, we think that mortality in drug injectors estimated by the authors cannot be considered a rate for all causes, but only an estimate of the number of deaths in drug injectors attributable to causes directly related to drug abuse. The only way to


A common approach taken in high‐dimensional regression analysis is sliced inverse regression, which separates the range of the response variable into non‐overlapping regions, called 'slices'. Asymptotic results are usually shown assuming that the slices are fixed, while in practice, estimators are computed with random slices containing the same number of observations. Based on empirical process theory, we present a unified theoretical framework to study these techniques, and revisit popular inverse regression estimators. Furthermore, we introduce a bootstrap methodology that reproduces the laws of Cramér–von Mises test statistics of interest to model dimension, effects of specified covariates and whether or not a sliced inverse regression estimator is appropriate. Finally, we investigate the accuracy of different bootstrap procedures by means of simulations.


BACKGROUND
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is a common disease, which has a poor prognosis after failure of therapy. Activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR axis is commonly detected in recurrent or metastatic SCCHN, and provided the rationale for the clinical phase II trial in pretreated SCCHN.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The primary end point was the progression-free survival rate (PFR) at 12 weeks. Forty eligible patients have been recruited after failure of platinum chemotherapy and cetuximab. A preplanned futility analysis was successfully passed after ≥1 success was detected in 20 patients. Secondary objectives consisted of progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), safety and tolerability, and predictive biomarkers for KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA mutations, and HPV status. Archived tumor tissue was analyzed for DNA sequence.

RESULTS
A total of 40 patients were eligible. The PFR at 12 weeks was 40% (95% CI 25.0-54.6). The median PFS and OS were 56 days (95% CI 36-113 days) and 152 days (76-256 days), respectively. In 33 assessable patients, disease stabilization occurred in 57.6%, with tumor shrinkage in 13 patients (39.4%). Overall, the treatment was well tolerated. Fatigue (47.5%), anemia (25.0%), nausea (20.0%), and pneumonia (20.0%) were the most common adverse events. Neither PIK3CA mutations, nor HPV status were predictive for success with temsirolimus treatment. No mutations were found for KRAS or BRAF.

CONCLUSION
Tumor shrinkage and efficacy parameter indicate that inhibition of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR axis was a putative novel treatment paradigm for SCCHN. We could not identify parameters predictive for treatment success of temsirolimus, which underscores the need for refinement of the molecular analysis in future studies.

CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER
NCT01172769.


The invention discloses a heat-fused highly-wear-resisting anti-pollution white traffic marking material and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method is used for manufacturing the traffic marking material in the traffic technical field. The heat-fused highly-wear-resisting anti-pollution white traffic marking material comprises the following components: petroleum resin, modified rosin resin, di-n-butyl ortho-phthalate, titanium dioxide, glass bead, stilbene biphenyl sodium disulfonate, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, microcrystalline wax, refined white mineral oil, quartz sand and quartz powder. The traffic marking material prepared by adopting the preparation method disclosed by the invention not only can be used for improving the wear resistance and anti-pollution capacity of the traffic marking, but also strengthening the adhesion force of the traffic marking.


When the very possibility of socialism has been rejected before capitalism has completed its historical task of developing the productive forces, one is forced to reduce what is happening in the Third World to being exclusively the expression of capitalist expansion, without bothering to recognise its possible specific characteristics and contradictions. This proposition is only true at such a high level of abstraction that it is then without political bearing. The bourgeois vision of 'development' can content itself with this type of abstraction since it does not propose to change the world but to enjoy it. In effect, capitalism develops the productive forces, but in its own way, and to speak of 'stagnant' and 'blocked' capitalism does not have much meaning. But who really said that? The bourgeois apologists for capitalist expansion content themselves, therefore, with saying: (i) that the 'under-developed' world is the site of capitalist expansion as the economic growth rates and the rhythms of industrialisation bear witness; (ii) that this expansion is not different from that which the developed countries experienced and know; (iii) that the insertion in the international division of labour is a factor for the acceleration of development by putting capital and efficient technologies at the disposition of the Third World countries; (iv) finally, that this expansion, based on both the internal market and on the insertion into the world market, is synonymous with cultural progress, improvement in the standards of living, etc. This bourgeois vision reduces social reality to economic, quantitative, global and simple measurements alone; the specificities of the local classes and their insertion in the global system are obliterated; one 'industry' is as good as another since they bring in profits, one form of exchange is as good as another since those who exchange both apparently gain by so doing. Bourgeois thought's claim to Universalism leads it to reject that which is beyond the limits of the analysis of its 'reality', which itself is reduced to mere economics, the political factor, the national factor, and so on. Within this frame of thought, there is no room for imperialism; it is a universal political fact ('the strong dominate'). The doctrinaire even claim that imperialism is a vestige of the past, in contradiction with the 'spirit of capitalism'! The refusal of peoples to submit to the requirements of 'development' is, therefore, always a conservative reaction of backward peoples who reject the progress being offered to them. A hint of racism comes to the surface here and there. It is true that the labour movement has at times shared this viewpoint with its bourgeoisie as regards Asia, Africa and Latin America. The Second International


The minimum number of channels required to satisfy the frequency assignment constraints of a collection of equipments for which specified pairs of equipments are denied cochannel operation has been shown to be equal to the chromatic number of an associated graph. This paper provides a formulation of the graph-coloring problem in terms of a related problem for which efficient computer programs have been prepared. This related problem is known as the zero-one set covering problem in which the rows of a binary array are "covered" with the minimum number of columns such that every row contains at least one nonzero element in a column belonging to the cover.


The paper deals with a research of output prediction algorithm for a system of nonlinear stochastic static objects that can not be decomposed, in partial parametric and nonparametric uncertainty. The authors set the goal to perform modeling in conditions brought nearer to real technological industrial process conditions, due to the prior information obtained. In the approach the theoretical aspects of parametric and nonparametric identification of stochastic objects are used; term of compound vectors that allows to take account of intrastation complexity is introduced; problems of distinct discrecity of variables measurement and account of different levels of the prior information are considered. The authors present a new type of models which is based on the following triad: basic laws, parameterized and nonparame-terized relations. The work contains new algorithms, models and computational investigations. The results can be ap-plied when modeling of technological processes of production and processing, as well as in description of objects char-acterized with multi-linked relations and complexity resulting from the lack of information. Keywords: prior information, complex system, nonparametric estimate, multilinked system, K-models, prog-nostication.


tor of newborn transition to extra-uterine life, and commonly monitored in the delivery room. A defined reference range for SpO2 exists, with data derived from a cohort of infants that received early cord clamping (ECC) (Dawson 2009). However, this parameter has not been defined in infants following delayed cord clamping (DCC). We aimed to define a reference range for SpO2 in infants receiving DCC ≥90 seconds and compare this to the established reference range where infants routinely received ECC. Methods: A prospective observational study measuring SpO2 in term infants following vaginal delivery. Immediately after birth, a pulse oximeter was applied to the infant's right hand or wrist, and SpO2 data were collected every 2 seconds for 10 minutes. Infants receiving ECC or resuscitation were excluded. Results: 257 infants were included, 103 studied in the DCC cohort compared to 154 reported previously in the Dawson ECC cohort. The mean gestational age and birth weight were similar in both groups. The median (IQR) time for cord clamping in the DCC group was 178 (131, 271) seconds. The mean (SD) SpO2 (%) in the DCC vs ECC groups at 60, 90 and 120 seconds were 75.6 (9.4) vs 68.0 (13.1) (p=0.01), 71.6 (10.9) vs 70.9 (13.7) (p=0.89) and 70.6 (13.4) vs 73.1 (12.0) (p=0.34), respectively. Conclusions: 60 seconds after birth, infants receiving DCC had a higher SpO2 value than those receiving ECC. However, at other recorded time points there were no significant differences in SpO2.


Solid desiccant cooling systems take advantage of solar energy for air conditioning. The process involves passing air through a desiccant bed for drying and subsequent evaporative cooling to provide the air conditioning. The desiccant is then regenerated with hot air provided by a gas burner or solar collectors. This performance is limited by the capacity of the desiccant, its sorption properties, and the long-term stability of the desiccant material under cyclic operation conditions. Therefore, we have developed a versatile test facility to measure the sorption properties of candidate solid desiccant materials under dynamic conditions, under different geometrical configurations, and under a broad range of process air stream conditions, characteristic of desiccant dehumidifer operation. We identified a dependence of the sorption processes on air velocity and the test cell aspect ratio and the dynamic hysteresis between adsorption and desorption processes. These experiments were geared to provide data on the dynamic performance of silica gel in a parallel-passage configuration to prepare for tests with a rotary dehumidifier that will be conducted at SERI in late FY 1984. We also recommend improving the accuracy of the isotopic perturbation technique.


Aim  Apolipoprotein E (APOE, protein; [ApoE, gene]) is a lipid transport protein abundantly present in brain cells. We investigated whether the APOE genotype is associated with cerebral palsy (CP) and whether patients with CP with comorbid conditions and more severe neurological deficits are likely to have a particular genotype.


The mathematical model, proposed by the authors, is based on a concept of asynchronous machine in a form of two infinitely long cylindrical shells with current layers, the shells being separated by an air circular gap. The study is based on comprehensive use of information relating to the operation mode, when axes of stator and rotor coincide. New parameters are introduced, resulting from radial displacement of a rotating rotor, but their formulation allows using known methods of calculating parameters of machines.


Among all the different types of behavioral addictions, the one related to sexual activity is probably the most difficult to treat as we are reluctant to discuss issues related to sex. From innocuous viewing of pornographic content in adolescence, a 34-year-old married male for 6 years becomes addicted to it. The case highlights the importance of recognizing pornographic addiction as a disorder and the difficulties encountered in its management.


Odor ΨΩγemission has become mathvariant="normal" mathvariant="sans-serif-bold-italic" an important issue in kitchen waste management. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are the two most important odor sources as they contribute malodor and can cause health problems. As biotreatment and chemical treatment are two majorly applied technologies for odor control, in this study, they were used to remove ammonia and hydrogen sulfide and the performance of each process was compared. It was found that chemical absorption could efficiently eliminate both ammonia and hydrogenmathvariant="script" sulfide, and the removal efficiencies of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide highly depended on the pH of the adsorbent, contacting time, and gas and solution ratio (G/S). The ammonia-removal efficiency reached 100% within less than 2 s at G/S 600 and pH 0.1. The complete removal of hydrogen sulfide was achieved within 2 s at G/S 4000 and pH 13. Biotrickling filter showed better ability for hydrogen sulfide removal and the removal efficiency was 91.9%; however, the ammonia removal was only 73.5%. It suggests that chemical adsorption is more efficient compared to biotreatment for removing ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. In the combination of the two processes, biotrickling filter followed by chemical adsorption, the final concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide could meet the Level 1 standard of Emission Standards for Odor Pollution (China). The study provides a potential approach for odor control during kitchen waste aerobic composting.


Candidate stool markers are hemorrhaged, secreted, exuded and exfoliated into stool. Detection of the presence of hemoglobin in feces using a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) has proved effective; guaiac-based FOBTs are proven by multiple RCTs and fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) for hemoglobin, by case-control studies. DNA changes and the quantitative downstream effects on RNA and protein expression result in many candidate markers. A growing body of evidence suggests a potential link between the microbiota and colorectal carcinogenesis. CRC risk is determined by the influence of the diet on the microbiota to produce antior pro-neoplastic metabolites. Previous studies reported a profound differences in the microbiota and metabolic phenotype between African Americans and rural South Africans. I'd like to summarize candidate stool markers for CRC screening in this chapter.


Abstract Boron implanted metal, semiconductor and ceramic samples as well as metal-semiconductor bilayer structures were annealed thermally. Measurements of the corresponding depth distributions were performed by means of the thermal neutrondepth profiling technique.The results are evaluated in terms of diffusion coefficients whenever possible. Further, long time observations on the stability of implanted Boron are reported. In a special case, boron also served as a marker to study high temperature sublimation of the matrix.


most of the dense clouds, those having absorption systems with damped Ly-a Hnes, are also galactic dlsk complexes, despite their surprisingly frequent cxxurrence in high redshii quasar spectra (9). The study of the condltions and evolution of these cloud systems can tell us much about the evolution and conditions in the host galaxy Itself. The ionic abundances and dust content In disks and outer gaseous envelopes of moderate to high redshift galaxies are important parameters for the study of primevd galactic evolution. Also, the dust content of distant galaxles strongly aWms the opacity of the d y Universe. CASPEC obsemtlons of the BL Lac object 021 5+015, alrned at studylng the Ionization level of absorption systems wlth N(H$1018-1 O2Ocrn4, have permltted an estimate of the column densities of Mg I l l Mn lI and Fe II in the z-1,345 absorber (10). In this system the derived abundances of IWg, Mn and Fe are all equal to 0.15 (f 0.5) tlmes the s o b values, implying no depletion onto dust grains. The abundance of Nt ll has been derlved In the 2-2.81 1 system toward PKS0528-250 (I I), suggesting that much less NI is depleted In this system than In Galactlc interstellar clouds. In these two absorbers the abundances are about 0.10 and 0.05 tlmes the solar values and the dust-togas ratio is approximately one order of magnitude lower than the Galactic value. In contrast, the damped Lya (N(HI)10l9 cm-7 system at ~ 2 . 5 2 3 toward UM-402 has metal abundances close to solar. Obviously, while there Is a spread in the abundances in these high dshlf t clouds, some high redshm galaxies are able to process hydrogen into heavy metals in short cosmlc time scales. Often the high column density, damped Ly-u line, dwds are accompanied by much lower column density satellite llnes (2, 12).Thess satellite lines may arise from clouds In a turbulent halo phase or in an aacompanylng galaxy cluster. The total velocity spread of the Individual components of the damped Ly-a llne rarsly exceeds ane hundred km s-', appropriate for a galactic disk, while the satellite lines span a velocity range of several hundred km g' , and In a few cases up to one or two thousand km s-3 comparable with velocity dispersions in galaxy clusters. The evolution of such complexes of lines with z (if any) may glve insight into the -Innings of galaxy clusters. The brighter high redshilt quasars can now be studled wlth Mgh spectral resolution using ESO telescopes and echelle spectrographs. For these studies ESO has some important advantages over its competitors. These include: (a) the EMMl spectrograph Is somewhat more efficient (1) than comparable instruments at other observatories and @) the observing wndltions at La Silia are quite good. Furthermore, the Barbieri Key Programme and the Hamburger Sternwarte Key Programme will increase the number of bright, Southern Hemisphere quasars that will be available for study. Together, these advantages represent a slgnlficant capability that should be exploited. The experience gained in these initlal studies wlll point the way to future work and give valuable experienoe in the extraction of the peak performance from the telescopes, their instrumentation and the data reduction facllitiss. European astronomers will then be in a good positlon to fully exptolt the revolutionary possibilities represented by the future availability of the VLT and its powmful complement of instruments.


Early in postnatal development, glutamatergic synapses contain primarily NMDA receptors and progressively acquire AMPA receptor function. To determine whether this transformation occurs in a process of regenerative synaptogenesis following axotomy, we investigated the recovery of AMPA and NMDA receptor‐mediated neurotransmission after the transection of mossy fibres (MF) in organotypic hippocampal cultures. An NMDA component could already be elicited 1 day after the lesion and reached a saturated level after 3 days. Thereafter, an AMPA component appeared and slowly matured after 10 days. The preceding establishment of NMDA receptor function implies that immature MF synapses are functionally silent at least for the first several days of recovery. The appearance of AMPA receptor‐mediated neurotransmission was unchanged in the presence of an NMDA‐receptor antagonist or tetrodotoxin, which suggests that the AMPA receptor maturation is virtually independent of neuronal activity. Thus, the conversion of silent to functional synapses is not unique to synaptic plasticity or developmental processes but also occurs in recovery after brain damage, but its mechanism is likely to differ from NMDA receptor‐dependent recruitment of AMPA receptors in synaptic plasticity.


Objective: to analyse the relationship between environmental hygiene and humidity with the incidence of leprosy in Jeneponto District . Methods: This research used observational descriptive research with Case Control approach. Data collection techniques are carried out by survey and observation. Sampling was taken by purposive sampling for case samples and control samples. Case samples were lepers in Jeneponto district. And the control sample were non-lepers sample  in Jeneponto district. Researchers matched the type of house between cases and controls Results: The results of the study by Chi square statistical test showed that there was a significant relationship between environmental hygiene with the incidence of leprosy( p value = 0.002 <0.05) and there was a significant relationship between humidity with the incidence of leprosy ( p = 0.022 <0.05). Conclusion: Leprosy is an infectious disease that has a predictive factor of leprosy caused by environmental hygiene and humidity


Pomacea canaliculata Lamarckis a land water snail,knowing as gold snail, that famously knowed as pestin the rice plant since 10 day age after transplanted. Harvest loss because this animal decreasing ricemild (gabah) range 16-40%. Arabian chicken (Gallus turcicus) basicly one ofnative chicken (buras) that already adapted it could be layed280 eggs and people consider that Arabian chicken egg is native chicken egg. The research was done to determine the precentage of gold snail powder (as alternative feed) that would give the best feed consumption andegg production quality. Field research used Completely Randomized Design replication with substitution of control feed with gold snail powder including P0 (basic/control feed without gold snail powder), P1 (97.5% control feed + 2.5% gold snail powder), P2 (95% control feed + 5% gold snail powder), P3 (92.5% control feed + 7.5% gold snail powder), and P4 (90% control feed + 10% gold snail powder), each treatments was repeatedly 5 times and if there were significant effect it would continued by Least Significant Different. The research showed that the using of gold snail powder doesn't gives significant effect on feed consumption and FCR (feed convertion ratio). More higher of gold snail powder substitution couse the colour of egg yolk become tough, and also the egg heavy, egg diameter, and eggshell thickness become hight, but more highergold snail powdercousing the decreasing of egg yolk fat.10%.Gold snail powdersubstitution show the the best result on egg yolk colour, egg yolk fat, and higher eggsheel. It is suggested continued research usinggold snail powder more than 10% in feed formulation but giving attention on protein and energy balancing, and mineral content not decrease egg production.


In th is section w e recall som e basic facts about the Burnside rin g which are due to tom Dieck [2]. O n th e se t o f closed smooth G-manifolds consider th e equivalence relation : X--, Y if and only if fo r all subgroups H o f G t h e Euler-Characteristics X(XH) and X(YH ) a re e q u a l. L e t A(G) be the se t o f equivalence classes and let [X ]e A(G) be th e class o f X . D isjoint union and cartesian product induce addition and m ultiplication, respectively, o n A (G ). T h en A(G) becomes a commutative ring w ith iden tity . W e ca ll A(G) the Burnside r in g o f G. L et C(G) be th e se t o f con jugacy classes of subgroups of G . Denote by (H) the con jugacy class o f H in G.


In an effort to educate and promote the awareness of brain injury, one of the driving missions of the Task Force, we would like to introduce the first edition of the quarterly Congressional Brain Injury Task Force Newsletter. Below you will find recent legislative activity, studies and reports, media coverage, and upcoming events related to traumatic brain injury (TBI). We believe that knowledge and information can inspire the change needed to improve the lives of individuals suffering from TBI.


Traffic accidents due to driver's lack of attention have always been a major concern. Recently, there have been numerous reports of accidents that took place because the drivers were checking their phone or even texting while driving. Current efforts of traffic safety policy makers target the development of strategies that limit mobile phone use while driving. We describe an in-vehicle software system that eases the interaction between the driver and the smartphone. Using our software system, the driver may choose to automatically filter, in an adaptive manner, messages and notifications from third party applications, while driving. Using information from the vehicle sensors, the system identifies potentially dangerous situations and adapts its behavior to limit user distraction. The software development process is based on the principle of separation of concerns. The system complies with Intelligent Environments principles, especially by prioritizing user's safety at all times. Further system developments regard the integration of Augmented Reality visualization and hands-free interaction capabilities.


A kind of new optical interconnection element -- holographic Bragg grating with a red sensitive photopolymer is reported in this paper. Grating-splitting boards with equal intensity are designed and fabricated on a red sensitive photopolymer by Lloyd's interferometer of the special design, and they are successfully demonstrated in application of optical butterfly interconnection network.


On the mobile communication systems, the reliability of data and image transmission is usually improved by using hybrid ARQ channel coding schemes which are combined by automatic repeat request (ARQ) and forward error correction (FEC). In this paper, different hybrid ARQ techniques based on Turbo codes are first introduced. A novel Turbo ARQ with a limited number of retransmissions is recommended. Moreover, the retransmission algorithms for combined decoding are described. Simulation results show a significant increase in throughput, especially at low-to-moderate E_b/N_o.


Discussion of paper 46–110 by Bun Po Kang presented at the AIEE summer convention, Detroit, Mich., June 24–28, 1946, and published in AIEE TRANSACTIONS, 1946, July section, pages 403–07.


The measurement of NO2 abundance in the air is of interest for monitoring pollution sources and air quality. A new instrumental concept has been recently introduced, which makes use of an acoustooptical tunable filter (AOTF) as the main component of a spectral imager. With the capability of resolving the absorption spectrum of NO2, and a high spatial and temporal sampling, this instrument can be seen as a NO2 camera. In this instrument, the selection of different optical wavelengths by the AOTF is done by applying a radio frequency (RF) signal to the AOTF. The selected frequency and the applied amplitude are the key parameters for the quality of the measurements. The design and assembly of an RF chain, consisting of an RF generator and RF amplifier, will lead to an electronics bench capable of driving the NO2 camera. In view of a potential spaceborne application of this instrumental concept, the design of the RF generator is only making use of space-qualified components. This paper focuses on the development of this part of the electronics bench.


The pharmaceutical industry and academia both offer career paths for pharmacists specializing in drug information. Each setting presents its own distinct opportunities and challenges. A recent shortage of a thrombolytic agent serves as a sample case because of its impact on the Drug Information Analysis Service at the University of California. San Francisco, and the Medical Information Department at Genentech, Inc. The practice differences between these two settings are highlighted as they relate to the shortage, and the effects on each institution are described. The relationship between the work generated by the shortage and its utility as a teaching case during a drug information residency is explored.


A serially sectioned embryonic head of Heloderma suspectum formed the basis for a three-dimensional reconstruction of the cartilaginous nasal capsule and its membrane bones. Further, the soft parts of the nasal capsule were analysed microscopically. The embryonic nasal capsule is described and compared to the morphological conditions in other lizards, especially the varanids, which many recent authors believe to be their closest relatives.

The results support the close affinities between the helodermatids and the varanids. Both groups have a well developed recessus lateralis in a cartilaginous capsule, entered by the nasal concha. Further, in both groups a fragmentation of the cartilago paraseptalis occurs in a comparable location and form. Heloderma has no double lacrimal duct, in contrast to previous accounts, but the two canaliculi at the origin of the duct fuse noteworthy far ahead (in other squamates they fuse in front of the bulbus oculi). In the varanids the two branches of the lacrimal duct remain separate and open separately.

Some unique features of Heloderma are presented as well, above all the presence of a second concha.


Since different multiwavelets, pre- and post-filters have different impulse responses and frequency responses, different multiwavelets, pre- and post-filters should be selected and applied at different noise levels for signal denoising if signals are corrupted by additive white Gaussian noises. In this paper, some fuzzy rules are formulated for integrating different multiwavelets, pre- and post-filters together so that expert knowledge on employing different multiwavelets, pre- and post-filters at different noise levels on denoising performances is exploited. When an ECG signal is received, the noise level is first estimated. Then, based on the estimated noise level and our proposed fuzzy rules, different multiwavelets, pre- and post-filters are integrated together. A hard thresholding is applied on the multiwavelet coefficients. According to extensive numerical computer simulations, our proposed fuzzy rule based multiwavelet denoising algorithm outperforms traditional multiwavelet denoising algorithms by 30%.


Low resolution mutational studies have indicated that the amino-terminal extracellular domain of the rat parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related protein (PTHrP) receptor (rP1R) interacts with the carboxyl-terminal portion of PTH-(1–34) or PTHrP-(1–36). To further define ligand-receptor interactions, we prepared a fully functional photoreactive analog of PTHrP, [Ile5,Bpa23,Tyr36]PTHrP-(1–36)-amide ([Bpa23]PTHrP, where Bpa isp-benzoyl-l-phenylalanine). Upon photolysis, radioiodinated [Bpa23]PTHrP covalently and specifically bound to the rP1R. CNBr cleavage of the broad ≈80-kDa complex yielded a radiolabeled ≈9-kDa non-glycosylated protein band that could potentially be assigned to rP1R residues 23–63, Tyr23being the presumed amino-terminus of the receptor. This assignment was confirmed using a mutant rP1R (rP1R-M63I) that yielded, upon photoligand binding and CNBr digestion, a broad protein band of ≈46 kDa, which was reduced to a sharp band of ≈20 kDa upon deglycosylation. CNBr digestion of complexes formed with two additional rP1R double mutants (rP1R-M63I/L40M and rP1R-M63I/L41M) yielded non-glycosylated protein bands that were ≈6 kDa in size, indicating that [Bpa23]PTHrP cross-links to amino acids 23–40 of the rP1R. This segment overlaps a receptor region previously identified by deletion mapping to be important for ligand binding. Alanine scanning of this region revealed two residues, Thr33 and Gln37, as being functionally involved in ligand binding. Thus, the convergence of photoaffinity cross-linking and mutational data demonstrates that the extreme amino-terminus of the rP1R participates in ligand binding.


Howard Moody is pastor of Judson Memorial Church in New York City and a Director of the New York Civil Liberties Union. In 1967, Moody brought together a small group of clergymen to help counsel women with "problem pregnancies." Risking public censure and criminal prosecution, the Clergy Consultation Service on Abortion referred thousands of women for safe abortions. In addition, Moody and others formed a coalition to support the passage of a bill to legalize abortion. The New York Legislature passed such a bill in April, 1970, which permits abortions by licensed physicians within the first 24 weeks of pregnancy. On July 1, 1970, the New York Clergy Consultation Service, which had served as a model for other organizations in other states, was disbanded and reconstituted as Clergy and Lay Advocates for Hospital Abortion Performance. The new organization is designed to deal with local restrictions on abortions and the growth of high-priced "abortion brokers." This article is reprinted from the March 8, 1971 issue of Christianity and Crisis, Copyright © 1971 by Christianity and Crisis, Inc. The article is used with permission and is reprinted not only as a commentary on a controversial issue but as a case-study of the problems involved when clergy and churches take on the role of social and cultural change-agents. It's definitely not easy, but apparently it can be done. Dr. Moody wishes to acknowledge the assistance of his associate, Arlene Carmen.


Objective:To observe the effect of naloxone combined with Qingkailing injection for the treatment of acute ethanol poisoning.Methods: 56 patients with acute ethanol poisoning in emergency department of our hospital from Jan 2009 to Dec 2011were randomly divided into control group and treatment group(28 cases in each). Two groups on the basis of conventional therapy,the control group was given naloxone,the treatment group was given naloxone combined with Qingkailing injection treatment in which conscious and limb motor function recovery time were observed in two groups after treatment. Results: Conscious of time and limb motor function recovery time in the treatment group were significantly shorter than that in the control group in which there was differences between two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:The treatment of caloxone combined with Qingkailing injection for acute ethanol poisoning patients is good effect,and can shorten the course of the disease,and less side effects,which is worthy of clinical application.


In-flight entertainment system implementing a wireless link between a network server S and the processing units made without SDBI, j serving each individual equipment of a plurality of seats GSi, j in the same row, identification i of the column in which a wireless processing unit SDBI, j is positioned is performed by providing an undervoltage sequential layout (PWi-on) of the columns, the energisation of a column coli triggering this yet known by the server BP startup process of equipment SDBI, j of this column, which permits identification of the column i by measuring local duration bi, j, provided by an internal clock DTi, j of the equipment previously initialized at a known time of the boot process BP.


: In addition to the time computed physically, we have the experiential time that is recognized by the subject. Dôgen, who was a sophisticated philosopher as well as a Zen monk in the Kamakura period, shows that time and existence cannot be separated from each other. On the other hand, Ecclesiastes (The Words of Koheleth), a book of The Old Testament , considers time as an event phenomenon which proceeds to the future dynamically, implying the existence of God. Although apparently differing about how to conceptualize time, those two, in fact, have a critical common point to share.


Specific foods and ingredients improve disease resistance and general health status. The identification of such components within these food products increases and focuses large interests from agriculture and food industries. The aim of this work was to characterize the effects induced by the consumption of lactoferrine, two probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM® and Bifidobacterium animalis Bb12®) and SM3® on the intestinal immune system of BALB/c mice at the local and the peripheral level. Ingredients were incorprated in diets either in combination or alone. We confirmed that the two probiotic bacteria used in this study remained viable in faeces in sufficient numbers to legitimate claimed benefits. The SM3 had a


This paper presents the determination of the dissociation constant (Ka) of captopril and nimesulide as contextualized experiments to teach chemical concepts to students of Pharmacy. Captopril is an antihypertensive drug, which presents high water-solubility and weak acid properties. The pKa of carboxylic acid group of captopril is 3.7. Nimesulide is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug sparingly soluble in water. It is weakly acidic (pKa ≈ 6.5) because of its methanesulfonamide functional group. The pKa of captopril was determined by potentiometric titration with NaOH 2.0 x 10-2 moL L 1. The pKa of nimesulide was determined by using spectrophotometry and photometric titration. The experimental values of pKa of both drugs are in very good agreement with those from literature


The story height in tall buildings is significant factor in the central city due to the limited construction area. To obtain the lower story height, the authors developed a new composite beam which uses shallow asymmetric steel composite section with web openings, named iTECH system. The structural performances in terms of shear, moment were experimentally explored and proved to be acceptable by Korean Structural Design Code. Since the depth of the proposed beam is thinner than that of the classical steel composite beam, the vibration characteristics are questionable and have to be verified by the test. In this paper, the vibration performance of the proposed composite floor was explored by a series of field test. The natural frequency and damping were measured at three different construction steps; steel erection stage, concrete casting stage, and finishing stage. The test results were compared with those by the international codes. As a result, the proposed composite floor showed good vibration characteristics which satisfy requirements by the codes.


Obtaining an algae axenic culture in the culture medium are challenging. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of several methods to reduce bacterial contamination in culture medium. The study was conducted using a complete randomized design in 3 stages, stage 1 using iodine immersion method with 4 treatments, stage 2 using immersion of antibiotics mixture with 3 different concentrations, stage 3 using mixture of antibiotic and medium with 3 concentration. The results showed that in stage 1, the lowest bacteria density was in treatment 4 (15 % betadine with 60') (675.27 idv·mm-2), stage 2 showed that treatment 1 (50 mg·L-1) had the lowest bacteria density (265.62 idv·mm-2). Stage 3 showed that treatment 3 (10 mg·L-1) had the lowest density of bacteria (24.78 idv·mm-2). Based on the ANOVA test, stage 1 has no significant difference (> 0.05), in stage 2 there was a significant difference with treatment 1 was the best treatment, in stage 3 there was a significant difference and treatment 4 was the best result. Iodine 15 % with 60' immersion time; immersion with 50 mg·L-1 antibiotic, and mixture of medium with 10 mg·L-1 antibiotic gave the best results in reducing bacterial contamination.


Analysis of reaction influencing factors is the basis for studying reaction kinetics and mechanism. Under alkaline leaching system with liquid/solid as 40, the paper studied how reaction time and reaction temperature affected the reaction process. Meanwhile, XRD and SEM were used to study the mineral phases, micro-morphology and micro-composition of re-action products. Results showed that the reaction rate of fly ash under alkaline leaching system decreased with reaction time.The reaction was sensitive with reaction temperature. The crystalline phase and gel which were forming at later stage could hinder the reaction process. Then, Linde Type F(K) could be formed under 20 ℃ to 75 ℃ and 5~10 mol/L alkaline solution.


Prime minister Tony Blair's claim that the number of midwifery students is rising, when in fact numbers are dropping, have been brushed aside as an 'unintentional' error.


The views and opinions expressed or implied in this article are those of the author (or authors) and do not necessarily reflect the position of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Abstract—Improved methods for estimating saltwater recreational fishing catch and effort have been developed by the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. Sampling weights that account for a complex sample design in surveys of anglers are now available with NMFS catch and effort estimates. Previously, estimates of the economic value to anglers (known as the "willingness to pay") for additional fish caught that were based on angler surveys did not typically account for the underlying complex sample design. In this study, a recreational-demand model was used for analysis of fishing site choices in the Gulf of Mexico in 2009 among private-boat anglers who target groupers (Epinephelus spp., Hyporthodus spp., or Mycteroperca spp.) or red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus). Different versions of the model were developed with and without accounting for the complex sample design. Results between the unweighted version and weighted versions of the model varied in estimates of catch between sites and the value anglers place on being able to catch and keep additional fish. In 2012, the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) released a new method for estimation of recreational fishing catch and effort based on data obtained from its Access Point Angler Intercept Survey (APAIS) of saltwater anglers. Previous methods of estimation of catch and fishing effort from this intercept [interview] survey were subject to a number of different potential biases as pointed out by the National Research Council of the National Academies (NRC, 2006). In particular, the earlier estimation methods did not account for the complex sample design of the intercept survey and instead simple random sampling was assumed. The new method of estimating catch and effort uses specially calculated weights and variance adjustments (Breidt et al.1). The APAIS sampling weights incorporate information from a sepa-


A typical single-phase switching converter inherently has unbalanced characteristics due to the DC source, transmission path (TP), and load terminals. Because of the unbalance, there exists a common mode (CM) noise current, which flows into the frame ground (FG). This paper presents the hybrid balance (active plus passive balance) technique to improve the system unbalance situation applied to a single-switch converter by using two-switching (active balance) converters to balance TP and the passive balance (compensated capacitors) scheme for the DC source and load. The reduction mechanism of the CM noise is explained using the equivalent circuit model. The improvement is achieved utilizing the hybrid balancing technique and the results are validated based on the CM rejection ratio (CMRR). The experimental results have shown that the hybrid balance technique can improve the conducted CM noise reduction by 36.07 dB.


Objective:To study effective method of interrupting the hepatitis B virus (HBV) from mother to infant transmission.Methods:According their difference what the virus antigen carrying,the pregnant women who was the HBV carrier were divided six groups.Ms group' pregnant women were the HBV superficial antigen (HBsAg) positive and the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative.According pregnant different years,they were divided Ms1group and Ms2group and Ms3group.Mse group' pregnant women were HBsAg and HBeAg double positive.MF group' pregnant women were the HBV carrier and their consorts were HBV carrier too.F group' pregnant women were not the HBV carrier but their consorts were the hepatitis B carrier.Each group' pregnant were adopted different method interrupting the HBV vertical transmission.Results:In Ms1 group 230 pregnant women there were 22 cases who was inject the hepatitis B immunity globulin (HBIG) during pregnant later period (9.6%).In Ms2 group 372 prenant women there were 37casas were injected HBIG (9.9%).In Ms3 group 287pregant women there 4 cases who was the hepatitis B deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV-DNA) positive and was injected HBIG (1.4%).Between Ms3 group with Ms1 group and Ms2 group there were very marked difference in the pregnant women were injected HBIG percentage (χ2=17.850,P=0.000) ;(χ2=20.311,P=0.000).In Mse group 32 pregnant women were injected HBIG all (100%).In MF group 72 pregnant women there were 20cases were injected HBIG (27.7%).In F group 48 pregnant women there 3 cases were injected HBIG (6.2%) and 32cases were inoculated the hepatitis B vaccine (66.6%).Each group 1041 neonate's vein blood the hepatitis B antigen were negative within 24 hour after birth.Between 3 month to 1 year after birth all baby' vein blood the hepatitis B antigen were still negative.Conclusion:When the pregnant women or whose husband was the hepatitis B carrier,if their HBeAg was positive or HBV-DNA was positive,the pregnant women need to be injected HBIG at pregnant late time to interrupting the virus vertical transmission.Otherwise,do not need to.When parents were the HBV carrier,if the newborn vein blood the hepatitis B antigen was positive,the neonate need to be injected HBIG,otherwise,do not need to.All neonate must be inoculated the hepatitis B vaccine.


A new method is proposed for the determination of the output sensitivity function. This method is based on the idea of using orthogonal functions and has the distinct advantage that it reduces the problem of determining the output sensitivity function to that of solving linear algebraic equations. The approach is straightforward and appears to be computationally simpler than known techniques.


Address Index is a tabulation of data containing the addresses/regions of patients who have been treated at the Puskesmas. The Cibeunying Health Center in indexing patient addresses has been computerized, namely by connecting to SIMPUS and quite effective in recapitulation, it has been computerized by recapitulating patient data whose addresses are not clear or not indexed. Then it is computerized. accurate. Information technology, which is a combination of computer technology and telecommunications, changes the industrial paradigm to a post-industrial paradigm which means it also changes the behavior of the business or business environment, which means that information technology gains closeness between business people and their customers, because this shortens the distance and time. Design  model  using SDLC  Planning (Planning),  Analysis  (Analysis),  Design  (Design), Implementation (Implementation), Maintenance (Maintenance). Address Index Information System Address at Puskesmas Cibeunying, to input a computerized address index report that is directly connected by the health office can be called SIMPUS. The medical record installation officer no longer needs to type in Microsoft excel and then move it again, if there is an error in the address, just go to the registration section directly to see more details. If it is complete, all patient address indexes will be effective and efficient.
Keywords: Index of addresses, information, health centers.


The study aim is to develop hybrid filament-wound polymeric composites based on flame retardant polyester resin (UPe) and multi-layer structured glass or combined carbon and glass fibers for use as ablative thermal insulation of rocket motor by wet filament winding technique. The composites have a multi-layered structure consisting of two layers of carbon (CF) or glass woven fabric (GF) and one layer of carbon or glass direct roving (CR or GR, respectively), repeated in three cycles. Structural analysis, performed using FTIR spectroscopy and dynamical-mechanical analysis, confirm highly polymerized network. Lower values of the tanδ peak height indicate improved interfacial adhesion between carbon/glass fibers and UPe. The improvements of thermal insulation index of 37% and erosion rate of 38.6% at 180°C are achieved for combined carbon/glass fiber–based composite compared to the neat UPe. Tensile and interlaminar shear properties are investigated according to the fiber orientation and the highest values of tensile and interlaminar shear strengths are obtained for composites with longitudinal orientation, 417.48 MPa and 22.30 MPa, respectively. Compared to the neat UPe, which degrades after 50 s at 3000°C, the composites are stable up to 192 s.


The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of volunteering and its development in contempo-rary society. The theoretical part of the work devoted to the basic concepts related to vo-lunteering, its history in the Czech republic and in the world, and discusses characteristics of young adulthood. The practical part of the thesis deals with the research, which is aimed at finding out the main factors, what motivates young volunteers aged 20 to 30 years to devote to volunteer activities.


Eighteen peanut genotypes were tested under plastic rain-proof shelter of field condition to investigate the effects of short-term waterlogging (10d, W_(10)) and long-term waterlogging (88d, W_(88)) initiated at late vegetative stage and normal irrigation (NI) on per plant seed actual yield (AY). Then relative yield (RY), waterlogging tolerance coefficients (WTC) and waterlogging tolerance indexes (WTI), based on AY, were calculated to evaluate and classify the differences of waterlogging tolerance of the genotypes. The results showed that: (1) The responses of peanut to waterlogging varied with waterlogging term and genotypes. W_(88) and W_(10) caused decrease by 2.5%~48.6% in some genotypes, while increase by 5.5%~56.7% in others. Of them, seven always decreased, five always increased, five and one only adapted to W_(88) and W_(10) respectively. (2) Seven tolerant types were classified with short and long-term WTC, whereas six tolerant types were classified with WTC and AY combined by cluster analysis. In addition, it was inferred that deviations would occur when WTI (waterlogging tolerant index) was used as comprehensive index combined WTC and AY. (3) Several elite genotypes tolerant to waterlogging were obtained, they can be utilized in researching target genes and copying with waterlogging damage.


Method: The study included a total of 190 participants including 138 young adults aged from 18 to 29 years (22.04±2.35) and 52 older adults aged from 60 to 80 years (67.27±5.22). The relationships between EQ-5D-3L, CES-D and SF-12 scales were investigated for content, convergent and divergent, criterion-related and the known-groups construct validity. In order to assess reliability, internal consistency and item-total correlation coefficients were calculated and test re-test analyses were conducted.


This paper emphasizes the impact of a coordinated flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) and energy storage devices in the combined automatic load frequency control and automatic voltage regulator model of a multiarea system having reheat thermal, wind, solar thermal, and diesel units in each area. The generation rate constraints and the governor dead band for the thermal plant are considered. A fractional integral derivative controller with filter (FOIDF) is proposed for this model, and the lightning search algorithm is implemented to optimize the controller parameters. The comparative analysis of FOIDF with integer order controllers shows the superiority of the former to others. The system performance with different area capacity ratios demonstrates the significant effect of the same on the system dynamics. Analyses reflect the satisfactory performance of the proposed renewable integrated system with a drastic change in step load perturbation. Investigation of the integration of FACTS devices like a th...


ABSTRACT This article seeks to explain the disjuncture between the decline of music education in schools and the importance music has in popular youth culture and in creativity within the new knowledge economy. The data discussed in this article have been derived from analyses of major documents on curriculum reform as well as e-mail responses from music educators around the world. This analysis reveals that these music educators agree with the perception of a demise in music education around the world, as well as the significance of the disjuncture alluded to. The four major reasons found for the decline in music education are: (1) the model of curriculum supported in educational reforms; (2) an emphasis on standardized evaluation; (3) less resources available; and (4) a wrong approach on music advocacy.


It is important to make pyrolysis research during coal fast heating-up condition for coal gasification process and operation of gasifier. Research of coal fast pyrolysis character was made by using TGA/SDTA 851 thermo-gravimetric analyzer with different type coals, different heating-up speed rate, different coal/ash rate in the experiment. Results shows, with heating-up speed rate increase, maximal weight loss speed rate increases. With coal degree of metamorphism increases, maximal weight loss speed rate reduces. With coal/ash rate increase, weight loss speed rate increases at first and then reduces, it is concluded that optimal coal/ash rate exist。In N2, O2, CO2 three type atmosphere, gasification temperature in CO2 is higher than pyrolysis in CO2 and combustion in O2. Combustion reaction is much stronger than gasifica- tion. Apparent kinetics parameter is obtained by Coast-Redfern integration method。


One-way chain is an important cryptographic primitive in many security applications. Advantages of one-way chain are that can be generated by low-powered processors within milliseconds using one-way function, and processors can compute a sequence by means of starting value. However, the drawback of one-way chain is that this cannot control to compute interval values of one-way chain. That is, when hash values in one-way chain are used as encryption keys, if one hash value in one-way chain is compromised to an attacker, then the attacker can compute other encryption keys from the compromised key (hash value) using hash function. Therefore, one-way chain hardly applies to encryption scheme, such as pay per view system and DRM system. In this paper, we propose a new concept which is called interval hash chain using a hash function. In particular, proposed hash chain is made for only computing interval hash values by using two different hash chains. We then proceed to use contents encryption scheme to get grading and partial using contents in DRM system.


Abstract A previously unknown female of Argistes velox Simon, 1897, type species of the genus Argistes, is described and the male is redescribed. Th e species is known only from Sri Lanka. Status of the genus is briefly commented.


The environmental challenges and uncertainties facing children and young people can have a profound impact on their mental health and wellbeing. In the second of this two-part mini-series, Stephani...


This paper presents a comparison of the national Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) architectures used in the U.S., European Union, and Japan. The bases for comparison include guidelines, user services, logical architecture, physical architecture, and standardization. The paper concludes with suggestions regarding the development of the national ITS architecture for China.


Abstract Using the properties of diagonally dominant interval matrices defined in a previous paper, a group of conditions and criteria are given for estimating ‖MGN‖ (MGis the Gauss-inverse ofM), which are more useful than those of the well-known estimate of ‖MG‖. By applying these results to the convergence of splitting methods used for solving linear interval equations such as the Jacobi, Gauss–Seidel, SOR, and regular splitting equations, we obtain some new results.


Parametric study on thermal performances of a hybrid double-side micro-jet cooling system were performed through the three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes analysis. Three design variables, viz, the diameter of the jet hole, the distance from the upper jet exit to substrate, and the distance from the lower jet exit to substrate were assessed to analyze the impact on cooling performance. The steady incompressible turbulent flow and conjugate heat transfer in the cooling system were calculated using the shear stress transport turbulence model. The grid dependency test was performed to determine the optimal number of grids to reduce the computational time and conserve system resources. To validate current study, the numerical results were compared with experimental data, and it shows good agreements. To compare the cooling performance, the maximum temperature on the semiconductor and the pressure drop were assessed. As a result, the diameter of jet shows the highest sensitivity on the maximum temperature. The distance from the lower jet exit to substrate also shows the largest impact on the pressure drop, while the other design variables show little differences.


In any teacher education practicum program in the Philippines, teaching demonstration is the most challenging undertaking of the student teachers during the internship program. This phenomenological study design explored the teaching demonstration experiences of student teachers reflected in their teaching journals. Data were 22 teaching journals taken from the internship portfolios produced by the Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSEd)-English graduates from a state university in the Philippines. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. Eight generated themes from the teaching journals that could provide suggestions for future student teachers and other members of the discourse community concerning the teaching demonstration were drawn, which are 1. "The Look" of a Student Teacher, 2. Teaching with Enthusiasm, 3. The Voice of a Student Teacher in the ESL Classroom, 4. Lesson Planning Advice, 5. Subject Matter Familiarity, 6. Instructional Materials Efficiency, 7. Tips for Classroom Management, and 8. Improving the Questioning Skill. A focus group interview with the participants, which was also analyzed using content analysis, with some of the BSEd-English graduates was also utilized to further discuss the findings. The paper concludes with pedagogical implications for the Teacher Education Institution (TEI) and the concerned members of the discourse community.


Background: Our study was designed to evaluate the relationship between periodontal pocket depth
and salivary calcium and phosphorous among overweight and obese Yemenis living in Abha city.
Methods: This study will focus on the analysis of 450 Yemeni patients living in Abha city; 160
patients have a body mass index >30kg/m2; 120 patients had BMI ≥25-<30 kg/ m2 and 170 patients
had BMI<25 Kg/ m2. All entrants' patients in our study were subjected to periodontal examinations
including as assessment of plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI) and periodontal pocket depth
(PPD). Data regarding salivary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels were also collected and
analyzed by ANOVA test
Results: About (75%) of patients had a BMI ≥25, and All patients had PPD more than 5mm and
salivary Ca and P levels more than salivary Ca and P levels in patients with BMI ≤ 25 . There was
relationship between increased BMI and increased PPD. In addition, salivary Ca and P levels were
significantly and positively associated with periodontal pocket depth formation (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Among Yemenis obesity patients in Abha city, there were relationships between PPD,
BMI and salivary Ca and P levels. There is dire need to additional studies to detect this correlation
and social environmental factors should be evaluated.


Abstract : This study evaluated the ability of the Tray Pack Rations Ration) to adequately sustain Marines, without causing excessive weight loss and/or gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, during a 60-day Marine construction mission. Volunteers (n = 35) were randomly assigned to receive either 2 T Ration meals (breakfast and dinner) and 1 Meal, Ready-to-Eat (MRE) (T group), or 2 B Ration meals and 1 MRE (B group). Volunteers (n = 19) in the T group (all with a rank of E-4 or below), but none in the B group, dropped for food related reasons Seventeen volunteers in the T group and 34 in the B group finished the study and remained in their assigned group. Measures obtained were dietary intakes, ration acceptability, and energy expenditure (n = 15) determined by doubly-labeled water, subjective GI symptoms and mood states, physical performance and weekly body weights. Neither group reported GI symptoms. The type of ration did not affect sleep, mood or physical performance. Weight losses, which did not significantly differ between ration groups, exceeded the 3% criterion by Day 56. Both groups were in negative energy balance. However, in comparison to administrative personnel and construction engineers in the B group, Construction engineers in the T group experienced the greatest energy deficit (-950 kcal/day). Mean nutrient intakes of the T group did not meet the Military Recommended Dietary Allowances for energy, folate, magnesium, and zinc and also did not achieve the dietary recommendations for carbohydrate and dietary fiber. Relative to the B group, the; T group consumed significantly less energy, carbohydrate, protein, dietary fiber, vitamin A, folate, thiamin, vitamin C, magnesium, and phosphorus. T Ration entrees were initially acceptable, but their ratings declined to dislike after repeated exposure.


Summary.  The paper describes the creation of the Office for National Statistics 2001 output area classification, which was created in collaboration with the authors. The classification places each 2001 census output area into one of seven clusters based on the socio‐economic attributes of the residents of each area. The classification uses cluster analysis to reduce 41 census variables to a single socio‐economic indicator. The classification was made available with a host of supporting and descriptive information as a National Statistic via National Statistics on line. The classification forms part of a suite of area classifications that were produced by the Office for National Statistics from 2001 census data. Classifications of local authorities, statistical wards and health areas are also available.


HE influence of liturgical drama and mystery plays on medieval art has often been discussed.' Influence is one thing; it is a different matter to see on an eleventh-century or early twelfth-century ivory the representation of an actual dramatic performance. The iconography of a small box of oval section, now in the Victoria and Albert Museum,2 has puzzled several scholars. Goldschmidt3 and Longhurst4 described the scenes on it but the identification of the legend portrayed was in doubt. It was M. D. Anderson who suggested a possible solution, by referring to a miracle of St Lawrence in which the saint restored a crystal chalice which had been smashed when the dea-


The Shadow Report and the Silent Report are two suggested tools to improve the environmental information. This research aims to analyze the shadow and silent reports disclosed by the Norte Energia corporation about the construction of the Belo Monte hydroelectric plant in Volta Grande do Xingu. In this study, qualitative and descriptive characteristics were collected and analysed. The following data were analysed for the construction of Shadow and Silent Reports: the treatment of environmental contingencies; the mitigation of environmental impact - the impact on Volta Grande do Xingu's icthyofauna (fish); population growth in the region of Altamira. We found that the Brazilian accounting standards have been followed by Norte Energia. There is a trial basis about the mitigation projects of environmental impact on fish on the region. We also identified a significant divergence between the Shadow and  Silent Report findings with relation to population growth in the region of Altamira.


CULTURE IS INDIVISIBLE FROM PLACE. SOME BELIEFS, CUSTOMS, AND practices can be transplanted from one location to another and come through more or less intact. Others are significantly altered by the alien conditions they encounter in their new surroundings. The four-hundredth anniversary of the founding of Jamestown has renewed scholars' interest in the transfer of cultures from the Old World and their reception and transformation in the New. Those whose starting points are Africa, the Mediterranean, northern Europe, and the British Isles tend to emphasize how geopolitical realignments and social and economic upheavals in places where migrations began set in motion events that reshaped societies and restructured economies half a world away. (1) Those who see the transatlantic movement of peoples and cultures from the receiving end, from the colonies, are often most impressed by the circumstances that challenged the assumptions that settlers brought with them and that they began adjusting almost as soon as they unpacked their bags. The two viewpoints, taken together, produce no surprises when they inform us that successful overseas migrants were traditionalists by instinct and improvisers of necessity. Where these analytical approaches break new ground is when they show how that balance was struck. [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] Students of material culture are place-bound more than most scholars. Because archaeological sites and vernacular buildings are rooted in the landscape, specialists who study them are best acquainted with the destinations where long-distance travelers to North America eventually settled. Archaeologists, zooarchaeologists (animal bone specialists), folklorists, and architectural historians collect physical evidence in those places that should help historians understand important cultural adjustments that otherwise are often poorly documented in written records. Nowhere is such information about the earliest settlements on the American mainland more plentiful than it is in Virginia and Maryland, where public and private research organizations have conducted archaeological excavations and architectural surveys for almost two generations (see Figure 1). Colonial Williamsburg and the National Park Service at Jamestown Island pioneered modern, systematic field research beginning in the 1930s; those institutions and others have extended the work to the rest of the Chesapeake Bay region since 1970. (2) The sheer volume of material evidence assembled by field-working historians is nothing less than staggering. The investment of time, talent, and funds in collecting this body of new information, not to mention the intellectual capital it represents, raises a reasonable expectation that scholars from various kindred disciplines were working together in anticipation of the Jamestown quatercentenary. In reality, collaborations have been rare. (3) The quantity and complexity of archaeological and vernacular building evidence are partly to blame. So are material culture specialists themselves. Seldom have they gone out of their way to help uninitiated colleagues zero in on historical problems that the physical record might usefully inform. Archaeological collections are vast archives of raw data. Artifacts numbering in the millions can be used to tell many different stories or (too often) no story at all, at least not stories that are sufficiently original to make notable contributions to a broader understanding of the past. One promising exception is the interest that many scholars from different disciplines now share in the learning process that colonization set in motion. As surprising as it sounds, certain groups of artifacts recovered from seventeenth-century Chesapeake sites, when skillfully interpreted, throw light on some of the make-or-break choices that spelled the difference between success and failure for colonists. This essay brings to that larger conversation pertinent archaeological evidence of three kinds--animal bones, farm buildings, and the excavated remains of Jamestown. …


Understanding the mechanisms that drive weight loss in a lean population may elucidate systems that regulate normal energy homeostasis. This prospective study of British military volunteers investigated the effects of a 6‐month deployment to Afghanistan on energy balance and circulating concentrations of specific appetite‐regulating hormones.


Objective To observe the effects of propofol in combination with alfentanil in relieving pain in abortion.Methch One hundred and three healthy women pregnancying 6 - 10 weeks and demanding abortion were randomly divided into three groups, in Group Ⅰ women were given infusion anesthesia of propofol with 2. 5 mg' kg- 1, in Group Ⅱ women were given infusion anesthesia of propofol plus alfentaril with 1 μg' kg- 1. Group Ⅲ was the contrast one. Results The effective rate was 100 % in the first two. Women reached the aim of relieving pain, but in Group Ⅲ only 10 % of women responded to the treatment. As to effects of cervix relaxion, Group Ⅱ was the best, Group Ⅰ was better than Group Ⅲ. (P 0.001 ). No PAAS rate was occurred in Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ, (P 0 .01 ). Conclusion Propofol plus alfentanil abortion has a significant effect. The therapy can control nervous reflections, avoid abortion syndrom and lessen bleeding. It is a safe and ideal method.


Background : Mushrooms have been used as functional foods, nutraceuticals and medicines for decades in Asian countries. Because of their vital roles in human health, nutrition, and well-being, they are described as treasures in the wild and have served as food supplements. In regard to their nutritional composition, they are relatively low in total fat, vitamins, minerals, and fiber, but rich in high quality proteins and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Objective : To determine the nutritional value and proximate analysis of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, formulate mushroom juice powder, and determine its nutritional composition of the powder Methods : Optimization of the processing condition of the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) Kummer was first conducted using four different drying temperatures; 55 o C, 60 o C, 65 o C and 70 o C hourly for  3 hours to determine the best drying temperature. The temperatures at which the juice retained 5-10% moisture were selected for preparation of condensate and analysis because they had the best nutrient composition. Stevia (plant sugar) was used as a sweetener and ginger as the flavor for the formulation of the juice powder. A nutritional composition analysis of the juice powder was also carried out. Results : The nutritional composition of dried P. ostreatus at the chosen drying temperature (55 o C) were (8.71, 9.45, 7.07, 9.38, 51.81 and 13.3 mg/g) for iron, manganese, copper, zinc, magnesium and calcium respectively. Nutritional values Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mg and Ca for the juice powder were 8.96 mg/g, 12.1mg/g, 7.94 mg/g, 11.88 mg/g, 59.0 mg/g and 42.0 mg/g respectively. The vitamin content of initial P . ostreatus raw material were Vitamin B1 (4.99) and B6 (0.74) while for the juice powder B1, B6 and C were 0.78mg/g, 0.035mg/g and 0.21mg/g respectively. Proximate analysis showed that the mushroom contained moisture (11.20±0.47%), fat (0.55±0.07%), protein (39.75±0.53%), fiber (3.30±1.04%), ash (8.65±0.52%) and carbohydrate (36.54±0.50%) while juice powder contained moisture (5.0%), fat (1.0%), protein(27.13%), fiber (16.00±2.52%), ash (2.83±0.12%) and carbohydrate(48.04±2.58%). Conclusion : This work demonstrated that the nutrient composition of the mushroom improved when formulated into juice powder. The quantity of Zn and Ca significantly increased in the juice powder at p<0.05 and reached the recommended daily dietary allowances and adequate intakes. Keywords: Pleurotus ostreatus, Juice powder, Nutritional value, formulation


Summary The Author refers to the results of a study performed on the radication of the scion of some of the grafte vine most spread in Sicily. The experiments were carried out during two years of research and they take into account the orientative findings obtained previously. Various rhizogenic means were used: three types of Seradix, No 1, 2 and 3, Vitamine B1 distilled in water at various degrees of concentration, rasping, dipping in distilled water and the relative dry checks not subjected to any treatment. The following results were obtained which appear significant with regard to the particular pedoclimatic surrounding in which the tests were carried out. The dipping of the scions in water had almost always and sometimes relevant effects. The three types of Seradix did not increase the percentages of radication to any significant degree. The scions treated with Vitamine B1 have shown significant increments in comparison with the simple tests but not superior, on the whole, to those referring to the ...