As an advanced biomedical knowledge modeling technology, biomedical ontology models the biomedical domain. However, since the lack of uniform standards for constructing biomedical ontologies, the biomedical ontologies obtained by different construction methods for the same thing may be different, which is known as the biomedical ontology heterogeneity problem. To solve this problem, we need to execute the biomedical ontology matching process, where it is important to integrate different similarity measures to improve the quality of alignment. Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) is an effective algorithm to address the biomedical ontology meta-matching problem. However, the classical EA-based biomedical ontology meta-matching technique needs to traverse reference alignment to evaluate the individuals, which makes the algorithm have high running time. To overcome this drawback, we propose an Interpolation Model (IM) based Hybrid EA (IM-HEA), which combines EA with a problem-specific IM to evaluate the individual and execute the local search process. In particular, we use lattice design to divide the feasible domain into several uniform sub-regions, and on this basis, approximately evaluate the fitness of newly generated individual. In addition, to avoid the algorithm falling into the local optimum, we further introduce an IM-based local search process into EA's evolving process. In the experiment, we test IM-HEA on OAEI's Benchmark and Anatomy and compared them with classical EA in terms of alignment's quality and running time. The experimental results show that IM-HEA greatly enhances the efficiency of EA with little sacrifice on the alignment's quality.


Bit-Stream based control, which uses one bit wide signals to control power electronics applications, is a new approach for controller design in power electronic systems. Bit-Stream signals are inherently high frequency in nature, and as such some form of down sampling or modulating is essential to avoid excessive switching losses. This paper presents a novel three-phase space vector modulator, which is based on the Bit-Stream technique and suitable for standard three-phase inverter systems. The proposed modulator simultaneously converts a two phase reference to the three-phase domain and reduces switching frequencies to reasonable levels. The modulator consumes relatively few logic elements and does not require sector detectors, carrier oscillators or trigonometric functions. The performance of the modulator was evaluated using ModelSim. Results indicate that, subject to limits on the modulation index, the proposed modulator delivers a spread-spectrum output with total harmonic distortion comparable to standard space vector pulse width modulation techniques.


Measurement of elevated temperature, time dependent corrosion effects of liquid metals on immersed structural materials by blocked two-level factorial experiment


The experience of the development of social partnership in developed countries shows that it is pos- sible to single out models of social partnership: the English – the conservative, the French – the socialist, the German – the social – democratic. The transition of one model to another has become possible as a result of the long struggle of trade unions for the rights of workers. On the basis of the development and strengthening of trade unions and the formation of associations of employers, the practice of regulating the relations of workers and employers on the basis of collective agreements and agreements is extended, tariff autonomy is developing. There is a balance of interests between capital and labor. The trade unions, defending the position of hired workers, make significant concessions, recognizing that the successful and timely modernization of the economy tomorrow will compensate for the difficulties of today. In addition, trade unions have a solid and institutionally well-defined experience of cooperation with business. In turn, entrepreneurs do not cross the lines of the possible and reasonable with regard to the concessions required from the trade unions. The purpose of the study – the experience of the development of social partnership in developed countries. The objectives of the study are to study the experience of the development of sоcial partnership, collective agreements and agreements, analysis of the development of trade unions. The subject of the investigation is social partnership in developed countries. Research methods – comparative.


Investigations were made concerning the age at which regionally specific cell nuclear binding sites for estradiol appear in the female rat brain, and the cellular mechanism which might govern their appearance. One hr in vivo uptake of 3H-estradiol into whole tissue homogenates and nuclear pellets was studied at different times after birth in brain regions of ovariectomized female rats. Brain regions known to bind estradiol, namely, hypothalamus-preoptic area-amygdalamidbrain (HPAMB), were compared with cerebral cortex. HPAMB nuclear uptake of 3H-estradiol rose slightly during the first 3 weeks after birth and then increased approximately 6-fold between days 20–24 and 25–26. This high level of HPAMB nuclear uptake of estradiol persisted, with minor quantitative variations, in all subsequent age groups studied. Concentrations of radioactivity in nuclear pellets of cerebral cortex were low throughout development. Radioactivity concentrations in nuclear pellets of HPAMB and, to a lesser extent, cerebral corte...


In this paper the list of candidate clusters identified from the I -band images of the ESO Imaging Survey (EIS) is completed using the data obtained over a total area of about 12 square degrees (EIS Patches C and D). 248 new cluster candidates are presented. Together with the data reported earlier the total I -band coverage of EIS is 17 square degrees, which has yielded a sample of 302 cluster candidates with estimated redshift in the range and a median redshift of . This is the largest optically-selected sample currently available in the Southern Hemisphere. It is also well distributed in the sky thus providing targets for a variety of VLT programs nearly year round.


1Electrical Engineering Department, Govt. College of Engineering, Amravati, India 2Electrical Engineering Department, Govt. College of Engineering, Amravati, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract At present, electric motor drives are acting like backbone of modern industry. In industry sector, around 70% of used motors are three phase induction motors. Induction motors are so popular in industries because of their maintenance free operation, robustness and simple construction. However, DC motor were used before decades because of complex speed and torque control of induction motor drives. But after the introduction of DTC (Direct Torque Control), the method become widely used for its speed control and torque control of induction motor drives. DTC method become popular because of its simplicity and good torque control characteristic but still method is affiliated with huge torque Ripple, variable switching frequency and high current total harmonic distortion. Many remedies and improvements for these problems were suggested in the course of time. the aim of this paper is to give a wide review on Some of the improved methods and make comparative analysis between them.


Eleven mono ring substituted arylammonium chlorides (RSACI) have been prepared and characterised. The thermal decomposition of RSACI has been investigated using TG and DSC techniques. Kinetic parameters have been evaluated using nine mechanism based kinetic models. The decomposition pathways for these salts have been proposed. It has been observed that simultaneous sublimation/decomposition processes are involved during the thermolysis of RSACI.


A procedure to improve the sensitivity of the two‐color Z‐scan technique is presented. The sensitivity of the technique as a function of the pump and the probe beam confocal parameters and their relative transverse dimensions is evaluated. The results show that, in the case of small nonlinear phase shift, the sensitivity of the measurements at the probe beam center may be a factor of 4 greater by the appropriate choice of the beams parameters. Results for arbitrary phase shift values and for detection at or out of the probe beam center are also reported.


We have developed an observational scheme for the detection and discrimination of Mars atmospheric H2O and CO2 clouds using ground-based instruments in the near infrared. We report the results of our cloud detection and characterization study using Mars near IR images obtained during the 1990 and 1993 oppositions. We focused on specific wavelengths that have the potential, based on previous laboratory studies of H2O and CO2 ices, of yielding the greatest degree of cloud detectability and compositional discriminability. We have detected and mapped absorption features at some of these wavelengths in both the northern and southern polar regions of Mars. Compositional information on the nature of these absorption features was derived from comparisons with laboratory ice spectra and with a simplified radiative transfer model of a CO2 ice cloud overlying a bright surface. Our results indicate that both H2O and CO2 ices can be detected and distinguished in the polar hood clouds. The region near 3.00 μm is most useful for the detection of water ice clouds because there is a strong H2O ice absorption at this wavelength but only a weak CO2 ice band. The region near 3.33 μm is most useful for the detection of CO2 ice clouds because there is a strong, relatively narrow CO2 ice band at this wavelength but only broad "continuum" H2O ice absorption. Weaker features near 2.30 μm could arise from CO2 ice at coarse grain sizes, or surface/dust minerals. Narrow features near 2.00 μm, which could potentially be very diagnostic of CO2 ice clouds, suffer from contamination by Mars atmospheric CO2 absorptions and are difficult to interpret because of the rather poor knowledge of surface elevation at high latitudes. These results indicate that future ground-based, Earth-orbital, and spacecraft studies over a more extended span of the seasonal cycle should yield substantial information on the style and timing of volatile transport on Mars, as well as a more detailed understanding of the role of CO2 condensation in the polar heat budget.


Facing the characteristics of Space Plug and Play technology,a novel adapter model is developed in this paper and achieved the transmission between the standard PnP interface and standard adjunctive unit on traditional spacecraft.This paper presented the main function,message interactive process,basic components and overall workflow of the developed model.Based on the developed plan of the adapter model,the functions of individuals and the basic communication protocols are described.At last,the systematic test of integrated electronic verification system is demonstrated,the components,functions and features of the verification system are described in detail.Using FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) combined with ARM,and from the given test results,the availability and reliability of the transfer model is verified to be successful.


The technological innovations developed by the PVC Co.,Ltd.of Shouguang Xinlong Electrochemical Group in the processes of acetylene,vinyl chloride,polymerization and drying for the production of PVC were introduced as well as and the new techniques adopted.


Archival functions are understood as what is expected in the performance of the Archivology professional. The archival trajectory corroborated that the Canadians, more precisely represented by Carol Couture and Yves Rosseau, admited seven functions existing within the area. They understood them as tasks that the archivist must perform. And as a function it can be primordial for the conception of the other, interconnecting. Since knowledge (scientific) and doing (practice) are, in a sense, intrinsic in the area, it is understood that the archival functions must be part of the archival institutions. These functions are: production / creation; evaluation, acquisition, classification, description, diffusion and preservation, which should be the activities to be carried out by an archival institution. That is, if all of them are correctly executed, the level of organization and management tends to be in a formidable quality. This article aims to present the functions and their importance to help delimit what should be the role of the archivist and institutions, thus an attempt to open the debate about which ministry / secretariat the institution should be tied.


In this article, I argue that voters not only rely on characteristics of candidates, such as age and gender, but also on procedural cues to evaluate candidates, particularly on how candidates were selected. I argue that selection via primaries, which has become popular in Western Europe, is an important cue to voters. Drawing on procedural fairness theory, I develop contradicting arguments about how primaries affect voters' evaluations of candidate quality, such that either the logic of procedural fairness improves voters' evaluations of candidates' quality, or the violation thereof through clientelism and vote-buying leads to worse evaluations of candidates. I employ a conjoint experiment, implemented in Spain, and analyze responses to an open-ended question to investigate underlying mechanisms. The findings indicate that voters perceive candidates resulting out of primaries as outsiders, who are less corrupt but also less experienced and less competent.


The effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors like disease, nutritional status, bilateral eyestalk ablation and different water exchange regimes on the total haemocyte count (THC) of the spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus was studied. The THC count reduced by 31.30, 50.34 and 72.01% in the lobsters infected by shell disease with 5-10, 10-20 and > 20% lesion cover respectively. The control healthy lobsters with 0% lesion showed the highest THC (20.07 ± 0.99× 10 6 cells ml -1 ) and the lowest was observed in the group displaying > 20% shell lesion cover (5.59 ± 0.49 × 10 6 cells ml -1 ). The serum protein reduced by 16.19, 33.27 and 55.06% respectively in the groups displaying 5-10, 10-20 and > 20% lesion cover. Clotting time showed a significant (p < 0.01) negative correlation with THC and serum protein. Starved lobsters and those fed with pellet diet displayed significantly (p < 0.05) lower THC and serum protein compared to lobsters fed on green mussel (Perna viridis). Bilaterally eyestalk ablated lobsters showed a higher THC and serum protein content than their unablated counterparts. The lobsters grown in different water exchange regime (25, 50, and 75% exchange) had a comparatively lower (17.38, 12.92 and 8.73%) THC and the culture water had a higher (81.86, 48.80 and 21.84%) total heterotrophic bacterial (THB) and Vibrio sp. load (86.20, 77.83 and 18.40%) than the lobsters maintained at 90% water exchange regime. The haematological parameters like THC, serum protein content and clotting time which are altered by environmental and biological stress factors can thus be used as potential stress indicators for monitoring the health status of spiny lobsters.


The properties and treatment process of QT600 3 have been compared with 45 # forged steel.It have been proved that the material properties and working process of ductile cast iron are better than or similar to 45# forged steel. Using ductile cast iron as materials of roller beds of plate mill to substitute the 45# forged steel can meet the requirements of production process. It can avoid the similar surface defects of 45# forged steel and decrease the production cost considerably.


Acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries are frequent injuries in athletes, typically resulting from a fall onto the lateral aspect of the acromion with the arm in an adducted position. AC joint stability depends primarily on the AC and coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments. Treatment is typically nonoperative for types I and II injuries and operative for types IV, V, and VI injuries. Type III injuries involve disruption of both the AC and CC ligaments, and controversy surrounds the indications for nonoperative vs operative treatment for these injuries. Multiple surgical options have been described for AC instability, including CC screw fixation, coracoacromial ligament transfer, and numerous methods of anatomical CC ligament reconstruction. CC ligament reconstruction can be performed either open or arthroscopically, with various combinations of allograft, autograft, synthetic ligaments, and suture materials. The purpose of this review is to discuss biological solutions to anatomical CC ligament reconstruction. In addition, the authors' preferred techniques for biological AC reconstruction have been discussed.


Nanoscale properties of boric acid were studied by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nanome-chanical testing system. XPS was used to research on the transform behaviors of H3BO3 at different temperatures.The crystal structure, surface morphology, and mechanical properties of H3BO3 were described. The results showthat H3BO3 has layered structure, and can be transformed to boron oxide at high temperature. In addition there area lot of defects in H3BO3 crystal.


Extracting the actual boundary of a tooth is useful in order to obtain an accurate shape to design a false tooth. A tooth in a dental X-ray image, however, exhibits sharp corners at its root making the boundary extraction task difficult. In this paper, a new technique based on active contours is presented along with a novel modification to detect sharp corners of objects of interest. The proposed technique has the ability to incorporate prior knowledge of significant corners of teeth into the deforming contour and is able to deform towards the boundaries of the object without surpassing corner points. Experimental results with several synthetic and real medical images show the ability of the new technique to extract features of interest from images consisting of sharp corners with increased accuracy.


Binary capric acid-stearic acid(CA-SA) eutectic mixture was absorbed into expanded perlite(EP) by vacuum impregnation to prepare granular shape-stabilized phase change material(PCM),then it was added into inorganic substrate gypsum to develop PCM wallboard.PCM was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR),scanning electron microscope(SEM),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),multiway temperature detector,and heat diffusion coefficient detector.The results indicated that the optimum absorption ratio of binary CA-SA eutectic mixture with the mass ratio of 4∶1 in the EP composite PCM was 75%(mass fraction).The CA-SA eutectic mixture was uniformly distributed in the porous network of EP,and there was no chemical reaction between binary CA-SA eutectic mixture and EP because no substance was produced in the composite PCM.Phase change temperature and latent heat of CA-SA/EP composite were 20.7 ℃ and 120.4 J/g,respectively.The thermal properties of the shape-stabilized PCM were stable after 500 thermal cycles.


This special issue focuses on fragility and development in Africa. All of the contributions are part of a collaborative project initiated by the African Economic Research Consortium (AERC). Fragility is widely recognized as the main development challenge and all major international development agencies (e.g. the World Bank, OECD, the African Development Bank and UN Organisations) have published a number of reports on the subject.1 Fragility has not only an impact on the citizens of fragile states but also generates considerable regional and global negative spillovers. Fragility is associated with some of the world's biggest problems: poverty, hunger, malnutrition, disease, displacement, terrorism and crime. This special issue highlights different aspects of fragility and the complex interrelationship with economic, political and social processes and outcomes. McKay and Thorbecke (2019) investigate how fragility affects individual well‐being while Chuku and Onye (2019) examine the macroeconomic consequences of fragility. The consequences of fragility for inclusive growth are analysed by Fowowe and Folarin (2019). Fragile states generate regional spillovers, for example on trade (see Chacha and Edwards 2019) and exacerbate the cost of conflict (see Dunne and Tian 2019). Further aspects of conflict, namely post‐conflict stabilization (Hoeffler 2019) and reduced capital accumulation (Nkurunziza 2019) are also examined. The remainder of this introduction first provides an overview of Africa's development challenges and a definition of fragility. This then leads to the discussion of the difficulties that the authors faced when examining fragility, how they conducted their research and what their main findings are. A collaborative project should provide a whole that is greater than the sum of its parts. As the editor I concluded that even though fragility constitutes the most serious impediment to development, this is neither reflected in academic research nor in the policy efforts to support fragile states. I hope that you will find this special issue also stimulating for your own thinking and research on fragility and development.


Objectives This study is a basis for developing a parent education program for fathers with early children using movies by identifying fathers with early childhood children's parenting experiences, views on parent education programs, and specific needs such as movies, discussions, and family-linked activities. for use as a resource.
Methods For fathers with children in infancy, a questionnaire was prepared to ask about the awareness and experience of child rearing and father education, and the development needs of parent education programs for fathers, and a preliminary survey was conducted on 10 fathers, followed by the main survey. Questionnaires were distributed to fathers of children aged 3 to 5 years through internet questionnaires and 3 kindergartens located in Gyeonggi-do. A total of 254 fathers were included in the study, excluding 13 incorrect copies out of 267 returned questionnaires. Data analysis method was descriptive statistics-frequency analysis using SPSS 26.
Results Looking at the results according to the research question, fathers with children in infancy had a high will to participate in childrearing, but felt various difficulties such as lack of time and did not have enough time to actually participate in childrearing. Fathers are aware of the need for father education, but the rate of actual participation in education is low. For the father education program, they preferred blended education and online education to offline education, and wanted a program that utilized various teaching methods as well as lectures and games. As for specific teaching methods, interest in movies, father talk (discussion), and consulting was high in both online and offline education, and in particular, demand for teaching methods that reflect on and empathize with movies following the general lectures was high in online education. As for the training time, they mainly wanted 30 minutes to 1 hour and 1 hour to 1 hour and 30 minutes, and the average number of training sessions was 4.4 times.
Conclusions Due to COVID-19, which lasted for the last 2-3 years, father education at education/nursing institutions could not be conducted, and as a result, fathers' experience of participating in parent education was low. Therefore, stable operation and accessibility of father education are needed, and online education can be a suitable alternative to this situation, and fathers also prefer blended education or online education. Fathers are requesting various methods beyond the existing lecture or play-oriented education methods. As one of these alternatives, fathers are very interested in education using movies and recognize that it is particularly useful online. It is necessary to improve the participation rate through various methods, such as using online education for fathers who do not have enough time and visiting father education, while expanding the range of choices that fathers can choose regarding the time of education. Finally, the results of this study are meaningful as basic data for the development of a parent education program for fathers with children in infancy using movies.


Summary.

The lipid composition of Microbacterium thermosphactum has been investigated. The major phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, bis-phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The glycolipid fraction contained an acylated glucose and trace amounts of a glycosyl diglyceride, tentatively identified as dimannosyl diglyceride. The fatty acid components of the lipids were predominantly C15 and C17 branched chain isomers. The lipid composition of this organism was compared with that of other Corynebacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae and it is suggested that the present classification should be retained.


. Photographic multi-station observations of 47 Leonid meteors are presented that were obtained from two ground locations in Spain during the 1999 meteor storm. We find an unresolved compact cluster of radiants at _z= 153.67 ± 0.05 and 8 = 21.70 _ 0.05 for a mean solar longitude of 235.282 (12000). The position is identical to that of the Nov. 17/18 outburst of 1998, which implies that both are due to comet 55P/Tempei-Tuttle's ejecta from 1899. We also find a halo which contains about 28% of all meteors. The spatial distribution of radiant positions appears to be Lorentzian, with a similar fraction of meteors in the profile wings as the meteor storm activity curve.


In this modern age, reliable and affordable electricity is requirement of every human being. 19% of population of the world is without access to electricity. Developed countries are managing to provide reliable and affordable electricity to all, while maintaining energy security. Developing countries are unable to supply the electricity to all, therefore, consuming kerosene for lighting and diesel for agricultural, telecom towers, commercial and miscellaneous activities. In India 300 millions peoples are without access to the electricity, one third of rural population and 6% of urban population (1) . Government of India is providing subsidy on kerosene for lighting and diesel for agricultural and other purposes. The Government of India has a vision to electrify 100% villages and households that are not in remote under Rajeev Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana. Such remote villages and households are to be electrified by offgrid solar PV under the guidelines of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission.


Acrive Power Filrers (APFs) improve the elecrriciry supply by correcting harmonic distortions created by non-linear lodds. It also corrects the poor power-facror resulring from inductive loads. Topologies and control techniques available for APFs are numerous. This paper considers a single phase APF. A scheme rhac requires minimum calculation burden has been selected. The system considered, uses an unified constant frequency integrarion control that gives a minimum calculation burden and fasrer response. The control method adapted requires sensing rhe load currenr and DC-link volr~ge only. However, it causes some problems at the integrarion level. The analog integrator gives some initi~l voltage when opel-ated ar high frequencies due ro insblliry to reset the inregcator fully. To avoid errors due to offset in rhe integrator, an offser feedback is proposed and tested in rhis study. The conrl-ol is siniulared and rhe results 2r.e validxed wirh laboratory esperimrn~al waveforms.


AbstractAdriamycin hydrochloride was microencapsulated with ethylcellulose by a phase separation method to develop a prolonged release dosage form. Polyisobutylene (PIB) was used as a coacervation-inducing agent to control the particle size and drug release rate of the resultant microcapsules. With increasing the concentration of PIB (1 to 3 %) the average diameter of the microcapsules decreased, due to the fact that the microcapsules were discreted to a single microcapsule. At low concentration of PIB, the resultant microcapsules were agglomerated, which resulted in increasing the size. The microcapsules prepared with PIB 2 % prolonged desirably the drug release from the microcapsules. A little size effects of the microcapsules on the drug release rate was found for the microcapsules with PIB 2 % and 3 %.


In oil and water layer identification,using neural computing has disadvantages including complex network structure and long training time caused by large input information space dimension,and low matching accuracy of network caused by redundant attribute.Based on attribute simplification and optimization theory,this paper proposes a simplified neural computing method,including sample attribute simplification method based on coarse aggregation, stable study method based on LM method,and implicit layer count determination method base on gloden section.imitation test and actual application show that this simplfied neural computing method can not only meet the demand of accuracy of identification system,but also save the cost and improve processing speed.


Deviations from the center within a robust neighborhood may naturally be considered an infinite dimensional nuisance parameter. Thus, in principle, the semiparametric method may be tried, which is to compute the scores function for the main parameter minus its orthogonal projection on the closed linear tangent space for the nuisance parameter, and then rescale for Fisher consistency. We derive such a semiparametric influence curve by nonlinear projection on the tangent balls arising in robust statistics. This semiparametric IC is compared with the robust IC that minimizes maximum weighted mean square error of asymptotically linear estimators over infinitesimal neighborhoods. For Hellinger balls, the two coincide (with the classical one). In the total variation model, the semiparametrie IC solves the robust MSE problem for a particular bias weight. In the case of contamination neighborhoods, the semiparametric IC is bounded only from above. Due to an interchange of truncation and linear combination, the discrepancy increases with the dimension. Thus, despite of striking similarities, the semiparametric method falls short, or fails, to solve the robust MSE problem for gross error models.


Reliable communication over the wireless network with high throughput is a major target for the next generation communication technologies. Network coding can significantly improve the throughput efficiency of the network in a cooperative environment. The small cell technology and device to device communication make network coding an ideal candidate for improved performance in the fifth generation of communication networks. However, the security concerns associated with network coding needs to be addressed before any practical implementations. Pollution attacks are considered one of the most threatening attacks in the network coding environment. Although there are different integrity schemes to detect polluted packets, identifying the exact adversary in a network coding environment is a less addressed challenge. This paper proposes a scheme for identifying and locating adversaries in a dense, network coding enabled environment of mobile nodes. It also discusses a non-repudiation protocol that will prevent adversaries from deceiving the network.


It is pointed out by commenting on the development of poems with seven characters to each line in the Liang and Chen periods that there existed not only a rich creation of such poems during the periods,and that there existed some studies and exploitation of rules and forms of the poems with respect to tonal patterns and rhyme schemes,exercising a very important influence on the development of such poems in later times.


High School English literature, as with mainstream texts and visual media, adopt phallocentric language and gender imagery. Phallocentric literature used in high school locates male characters in dominant, empowered roles which subjugate, control and exploit female and arginalised male characters [homosexual. non-white) with historically ascribed compliance. Phallocentric language locates the marginalised characters as binary 'others' in de-authorised, disemp:iwered roles with no discurstve space except in relation to the dominant Eurocentric white male.


Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) (Project Title: "New Value-Added Biomaterials from Waste Streams of Biodiesel Industries and Polylactides (PLA)"; Project NO.: SR9223 TF#049549), Hannam Soybean Utilization Fund (HSUF)


The problem of contract dispute or contract deceit,especially the contract dispute in the civil case,has been a difficult issue in the judicatory practice even educational circles.The common ground of civil case and contract deceit is to breach the duty,logically speaking,duty first,then responsibility,further,to distinguish civil case from crime responsibility.The boundary of contract dispute and contract deceit lies in whether the party concerned breaches the main contract duty of the duties and on this foundation to reconstruct the content of contract deceit.


The influence factors of grounding resistance are introduced.Through analyzing the factors affected soil resistivity and the relationship between grounding electrode and grounding resistance value,seven methods of reducing grounding resistance by reducing the soil resistivity and improving the grounding electrode are summed up.A reference and choice for all kinds of inspections and tests in which the grounding electrode must be required is provided.


The aim of this article is to shed light on reasons as to why women are marginalized in the field of International Relations, which subsequently answers the question as to where are women in international relations. To answer such question, author will approach International relations from its sub-approach, that is, International Security Studies (ISS) or more specifically Feminist Security Studies. The reason for such selection of approach is because feminists or women in general face gender–specific security problems which are overlooked because of the nature of IR which is a men dominated, hyper-masculine field and precisely because IR and its traditionalist realist approach hold the state as the main referent object of security [1]. The first section will discuss that because the post-cold war era lacked a catalyst event or a metaevent this allowed the widening and deepening of the term security, this in turn presented Feminist scholars an opportunity and space to solidify and present their own approach of international relations to rectify and give answers to gender based problems. It will also discuss the birth of feminist security studies which had its core the objective of exposing the hegemonic masculinity of IR. The second section will discuss the topic rape as a weapon of war, and that it is rarely discussed and neglected by mainstream international relation scholars. Lastly, the last section will discuss how the meta-event 9/11 repositioned the state as the referent object by using a gender-based narrative.


SUMMARY The topic of cataloging education for catalogers and non-catalogers alike has been a perennial topic for practitioners. This follow-up study explores the views of library educators with regard to cataloging education. Twenty-three educators with primary teaching duties in reference, twenty-nine educators with primary teaching duties in cataloging and seventy educators whose primary teaching duties were in neither reference nor cataloging in ALA-accredited master's degree programs responded to a survey based on the ALCTS Educational Policy Statement, Appendix: Knowledge and Skills, Intellectual Access and Information Organization concerning the importance of cataloging competencies for all entry-level academic librarians. The survey found library educators, in general, agreed with practitioners on the listed cataloging competencies for all entry-level academic librarians.


Deaccessioning is a largely controversial practice involving the sale or disposal of objects from a museum's collection. Although it has received increasing attention in the past few decades as a solution to museums' financial concerns, its implications have rarely been researched in academia which is mainly due to the 'barely legal' status of deaccessioning as a management practice. Previous research suggests that visitors' responses may vary depending on some factors, such as the destination of income generated by deaccessioning operations and the public's perception of the museum collection as a public good. We address this question by analysing visitors' responses in Italian public museums. Specifically, we hypothesize that stronger public cultural identity of the collection and the purpose of the income generated by deaccessioning strongly affect the attitudes to deaccessioning. Using structural equation modelling, we estimate several important determinants of visitors' responses. We also show that attitudes to deaccessioning do not influence the decision to visit a museum. The findings of the article have implications for museum governance and particularly for the knowledge about deaccessioning in cultural economics and museum management. JEL classification: Z11, Z18, H40, D12, C36, C38


The authors report a rare case of a patient with panhypopituitarism who became pregnant by gonadotropin therapy and gave birth to a healthy baby. A brain tumour and/or the surgical resection of a brain tumour occasionally results in pituitary dysfunction. An 18‐year‐old Japanese patient developed hypogonadotropic secondary amenorrhoea because of a craniopharyngioma, which was surgically removed. The patient came to us, and peripheral blood was collected every 15 minutes for four hours. The levels of luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured. Results showed that LH and FSH levels were very low and did not fluctuate. Several years later, the patient complained of infertility, and treatment with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was started. The therapy was repeated for several cycles, but she did not conceive, so hMG‐hCG therapy combined with conjugated oestrogen administration was started. The patient became pregnant at the seventh cycle of this combined therapy. She was not treated with supplementary growth hormone.


We review published studies to show that changes in soil moisture levels have significant impacts on a range of wading bird species that use UK lowland grassland, including wet grassland, and obtain their food predominantly by probing the soil. We examine both the hydrological and the ecological literature and assess how management options could alter (1) ecosystem services (via water quality and flooding) and (2) habitat quality for wading birds. The combination of biodiversity goals with broader ecosystem services has been widely advocated and we suggest that appropriate management at multiple scales (e.g. small-scale: ponds; large-scale: integrated washlands) could potentially provide both ecosystem services and habitat for wading grassland birds. However, there is only a limited base of evidence on which to assess the potential linkage between these two areas, particularly for non-wading bird species. Future work should be directed at identifying (1) how crop yield, ecosystem services and biodiversity relate to each other, (2) the extent of land needed to be managed to benefit these multiple purposes and bring about measurable gain (e.g. one or two ponds may make significant inroads in reducing run-off and pollution but make little difference to wading birds) and (3) solutions to the challenges of setting up management options at large spatial scales (e.g. catchments).


The present invention discloses a motor rotor which comprises a shaft fixed to a core shaft and a plurality of groups of permanent magnets embedded in the core, and the total number of poles of the rotor formed of permanent magnets and the like groups, each group comprising a permanent magnet two adjacent permanent magnets, the core group has a plurality of fixing holes for accommodating the permanent magnet groups, each group comprising two fixing holes adjacent fixing holes, the fixing hole has a trapezoidal shape, the fixing hole width in the circumferential direction from the core toward the center of the core toward the periphery of the core is gradually increased, the two permanent magnets of each set of permanent magnets are fixed to two fixing bore holes a fixing group, fixing each of the two sets of fixing holes a first gap distance between the bore, the first gap from near the center of the core toward the periphery of the core decreases. The present invention also discloses a motor using the rotor.


Our view of the universe of genomic regions harboring various types of candidate human-specific regulatory sequences (HSRS) has been markedly expanded in recent years. To infer the evolutionary origins of loci harboring HSRS, analyses of conservations patterns of 59,732 loci in Modern Humans, Chimpanzee, Bonobo, Gorilla, Orangutan, Gibbon, and Rhesus genomes have been performed. Two major evolutionary pathways have been identified comprising thousands of sequences that were either inherited from extinct common ancestors (ECAs) or created de novo in humans after human/chimpanzee split. Thousands of HSRS appear inherited from ECAs yet bypassed genomes of our closest evolutionary relatives, presumably due to the incomplete lineage sorting and/or species-specific loss or regulatory DNA. The bypassing pattern is prominent for HSRS associated with development and functions of human brain. Common genomic loci that may contributed to speciation during evolution of Great Apes comprise 248 insertions sites of African Great Ape-specific retrovirus PtERV1 (45.9%; p = 1.03E-44) intersecting regions harboring 442 HSRS, which are enriched for HSRS associated with human-specific (HS) changes of gene expression in cerebral organoids. Among non-human primates (NHP), most significant fractions of candidate HSRS associated with HS expression changes in both excitatory neurons (347 loci; 67%) and radial glia (683 loci; 72%) are highly conserved in Gorilla genome. Modern Humans acquired unique combinations of regulatory sequences highly conserved in distinct species of six NHP separated by 30 million years of evolution. Concurrently, this unique mosaic of regulatory sequences inherited from ECAs was supplemented with 12,486 created de novo HSRS. These observations support the model of complex continuous speciation process during evolution of Great Apes that is not likely to occur as an instantaneous event.


Lovastatin is a myocardial infraction agents belonging to MG-CoA reductase enzyme inhibitors. It is administered as immediate release solid oral dosage form, a short elimination half life with significant fluctuation in plasma concentration necessitate it to be formulated into modified release dosage forms. A system that can deliver drug at a prolonged rate is very important for the treatment of various chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma and heart disease. The objective of the present study was to enhance the solubility, bioavailability, dissolution rate and reduce fluctuation of plasma concentration of a poorly water-soluble drug Lovastatin. The aqueous solubility of lovastatin, in present formulation was improved by the presence of both the polymers. Dispersions with soluplus and PEG 1500 were prepared by hot melt extrusion technique. These formulations were characterized for solid state properties by X-ray powder diffraction studies; Controlled porosity osmotic pump tablet (CPOP) system was designed to deliver Lovastatin solid dispersion in a controlled manner up to 16 hr. It was prepared by incorporating drug solid dispersion in the core and coated with cellulose acetate ,Polyethylene glycol -400 levels (30, 50 % w/w of polymer) of pore former at a weight gain of 5, 7 & 10%. Formulation variables like level of pore former and percent weight gain of membrane was found to affect the drug release from the developed formulations. Drug release was inversely proportional to the membrane weight but directly related to the level of pore former. Drug release from the optimized tablet formulation was


Summary Background  A specialist patch test clinic was set up in April 1997 at the Department of Dermatology, South Infirmary–Victoria Hospital, Cork, Ireland. The number of batteries available was expanded from six to 21 and the routine testing of patients to their own products was introduced, as was prick testing for latex hypersensitivity.


Ensuring the trustworthiness and security of electronics has become an urgent challenge in recent years. Among various concerns, the protection of design intellectual property (IP) is to be addressed, due to outsourcing trends for the manufacturing supply chain and malicious end-user. In other words, adversaries either residing in the off-shore fab or in the field may want to obtain and pirate your design IP. As classical design tools do not consider such threats, there is clearly a need for security-aware EDA techniques. Here we present novel but proven techniques for efficient protection of design IP, embedded in an industrial-level design flow using Cadence Innovus. The key idea in our work is that disguising the interconnects is supremely suitable to protect design IP, while inducing only little additional cost and providing strong resilience. We share our customized libraries with the community, and we demonstrate our design flow and its security measures. I. BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION Design IP may be duplicated without consent, resulting in financial loss for the IP owner—it is estimated that several billions of dollars are lost each year owing to IP piracy [1]. The tools and know-how for reverse engineering (RE) are becoming more widely available, thus rendering the scenario of malicious end-user obtaining chip design IP a practical threat. Besides, adversaries in the fab can readily obtain the underlying IP from the design files given to them. Different countermeasures have been proposed against IP piracy. To mitigate RE attacks, layout camouflaging (LC) seeks to alter the appearance of a chip such that it is arduous for the attacker to infer the chip's real functionality [2]. The notion of split manufacturing (SM) is to split a layout into multiple parts (typically into FEOL and BEOL), and outsource only one part (typically the FEOL) [3], [4]. There are various shortcomings with prior art, limiting their practical value. Most LC schemes are costly: customized, ambiguous gates incur high PPA overheads, and adapting the FEOL manufacturing processes incurs commercial cost on top [2]. As for SM into FEOL and BEOL, there is a cost-security trade-off: the higher the split layer, the lower the commercial cost, but also the lower the resilience [3]. II. CONCEPTS AND METHODOLOGY To advance both SM and LC, we developed novel techniques for judicious and well-controlled disguising of interconnects. As for SM, we implement three different strategies: lifting of nets to the BEOL, controlling the distances between open pin pairs, and addition of dummy nets (Fig. 1). Further, we promote a new metric, percentage of netlist recovery (PNR), which can quantify gate-level IP theft more meaningfully than established metrics. As for LC, we propose a similar notion, which is low-cost and generic. The inputs of any regular gate are obfuscated by secret n : 1 mappings in the BEOL (Fig. 1), leveraging RE-resilient materials such as Mg/MgO. Applied with SM in conjunction, this scheme is the first in the literature to cope with both the FEOL fab and the end-user being untrustworthy. All our techniques are implemented as a security-and-cost-aware design flow in Cadence Innovus, showcasing the practical relevance and applicability of our work. We have designed and optimized various types of BEOL-centric custom cells for the controlled obfuscation of interconnects; we provide these cells to the community. We conduct our experiments on a broad range of practical benchmarks, and we base our evaluation on DRC-clean layouts.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the factors that affect the quality of life (QoL) among persons with intellectual and physical disabilities. Materials and Methods: This study is descriptive. The study involved 157 persons with intellectual or physical disabilities who were 18 years of age or over in Kirklareli, a province in northwestern Turkey. The study data were collected Turkish versions of World Health Organization (WHO) Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) and Turkish versions of WHO Quality of Life Disability Module (WHOQOL-DIS-TR). Results: According to the results of the multivariate linear regression analysis, high education level, living in an urban area, living alone, good-moderate perceived income, good-moderate health level and presence of a physical disability led to an increase in the WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-DIS module scores obtained by the people with disabilities whereas increasing age led to a decrease in their WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-DIS module scores. Conclusion: People with intellectual disabilities obtained lower scores from the psychological health and social relationships domains of the WHOQOL-BREF, and from the WHOQOL-DIS disability module and its independence module than did people with physical disabilities, and that low education level, living in a rural area, poor income and poor perceived health were among the changeable risk factors leading to poor QoL.


Background. Functional equations are one of the most widely-used ways to define functions in various areas of mathematics. The article considers the systems of functional equations on multiple functions of countably valued logic and the closure operator, based on existence of a solution for the given systems FE-closure operator. The work investigates some properties and expressiveness of the FE-closure operator with and without logical connectives. Materials and methods. The FE-closure operator, considered in the paper, is researched similarly to the previously-known closure operators. Such main notions as closure of set, closed and precomplete class are determinedsimilarly to other closure operators. In proving the author used well-known facts about Boulean functions, permutations in multiple natural numbers, homogeneous function class and conjugation principle for the closure operator. Results. It is proved that the FE-closure of an empty set with logical connective disjunction coincides with the FE-closure of a ternary discriminator p. It is established that FE-closure of a ternary discriminator p and final constant pool coincides with the set of all functions, self-conjugated relative to any permutations with fixed points coinciding with the given constants. It is shown that the strength of the FE-precomplete class assemblage is at most continuous. Conclusions. On the basis of the considered properties of the FE-closure operator with and without logical connectives it is possible to estimate its expressiveness. The considered closure operator is a strong closure operator (in comparison, for example, with superposition operators), and nevertheless it causes quite a lot of closed and precomplete classes.


1 case of AIDS and 1 of AIDS related complex were ascertained in Bombay to make a total of 3 known cases in India. The 1st patient is a 23-year old married woman who had received 3 whole blood transfusions during a hospitalization in the Middle East. She had a history of fever for 1 year cough breathlessness vomiting and diarrhea with loss of 20 kgs in 6 months. She had oral and esophageal candida and vaginal monilia and sputum positive for S. aureus coagulase + and Klebsiella. He ELISA and Western blot tests for AIDS were positive; she had lymphopenia of 800-1000/mm ; a T4/T8 ratio of 1.2; and an absolute T4 cell count of 450/mm . Her monilial infection could be controlled with continuous mycostatin but her cough and diarrhea continued intermittently. The 2nd patient was a 30-year old man from Delhi who had traveled extensively to the U.S. and was sexually promiscuous. He had a high fever cyanosis tachypnea a weight loss of 20 kg in 4 months cough and breathlessness. He died after 9 days in intensive care of confirmed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The ELISA and Western blot tests were positive; lymphocytes were low at 756/mm ; the T4:T8 ration was 0.8 and T4 cells were down to 32% at 242/mm .


In order to study the effect of accelerated aging and priming with gibberellic acid on germination characteristics, lipids peroxidation, soluble protein, total phenol and electrical conductivity of wheat seed (Pishtaz Cultivar) an experiment in factorial laid out completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at Seed Technology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran, in 2016. Factors were included of seed aging(100% relative humidity at 40°C) in three levels [low deterioration (4 days), medium deterioration (6 days) and high deterioration (7 days)] and priming with gibberellic acid in four levels (0, 25, 50 and 100 ppm). Analysis of variance showed that the effect of seed aging, priming with gibberellic acid and interaction between two factors on all traits were significant. Based on the means comparison of the traits germination percentage, germination rate, soluble protein and total phenol decreased with increasing aging time. But, the level of malondyaldeid and electrical conductivity increased due to damage to cell membrane with increasing aging time. Investigation of interaction between two factors showed that the priming with gibberellic acid reduced the negative effects of seed aging on all traits.


The susceptible order of the Jinzhong strain was monitored for insecticides resistance of Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata(Motschulsky)adults collected from Jinzhong and Datong were determined with vial residual method.The results showed that the order of susceptibility in adults was cyhalothrinbeta-cypermethrinphoximabamectinmalathion.The susceptibility of adults to cyhalothrin was the highest,and that to malathion is the lowest.Comparing with relatively susceptible population,the Jinzhong strain had developed middle level of resistance to malathion,beta-cypermethrin and cyhalothrin,resistance ratio are respectively 10.78,16.47 and 15.97,high level of resistance to phoxim and abamectin,resistance ratio are 130.46 and 165.15 respectively.


Psychotropic effects have been imputed to oral contraceptives (OCs); however studies with large populations found no depressive episodes caused by OCs. Affective disorders of women such as premenstrual syndrome and postpartum and menopausal depression are well-known. The estrogen and progesterone levels are high during pregnancy when the risk of emotional disease declines. A study on Marvelon (containing .15 mg of desogestrel and .03 mg of ethinyl estradiol) involving 27000 women found a history of depression in 3% but in 90% the symptoms disappeared after OC use. Other studies corroborated the finding that OCs exerted a stabilizing effect on emotional disorders. The overwhelming majority of women without psychiatric anamnesis did not suffer any mood fluctuations under OC use. In a study 4327 women were interviewed at 3 and 6 months of OC use and in 45.7% their sense of well-being improved 30.3% were in a good frame of mind and 21.2% had a slight deterioration of their sense of well-being. Neurotic and introverted persons tended to attribute affective disorders weakness of concentration sleep disturbances and the avoidance of sex to OCs. With such individuals OC indication requires particularly strict adherence to rules. The ability of Ocs to improve acne was analyzed when 1785 questionnaires were examined from 1958 women who had used Marvelon. 60% reported improvement of their acne and 50% of the more severe cases improved. Dysmenorrhea and menstrual cycle disorders improved similarly. Body weight increase in insignificant with modern OCs. OCs exert a positive psychotropic effect through their ability to influence these conditions.


Rural-based water security coping strategies (RUBAWACS) among rural communities is a common phenomenon not only in Kenya but worldwide. These strategies are seen as response to risks associated with water scarcity and contamination such as reduction in water per capita and water-borne diseases. However, response to these risks by communities through various strategies is hampered by a number of factors such as limited resources, cultural barriers, policy gaps as well as institutional challenges. The rural-based water security coping strategies are informal responses that people rely on to solve resource-based problems that the government and other formal institutions cannot easily address. In spite of the importance of these strategies in supporting local communities in ensuring water security, studies are yet to fully address the question of how the various strategies contribute to water per capita and household sanitation. The main objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of rural-based water security coping strategies (RUBAWACS) in addressing challenges of water scarcity in Muhuru-Bay, Migori district. We utilized the livelihood theory as advanced by Chambers and Conway (1992) and Ellis (2000; 10) to describe the emergence and impacts of RUBAWACS on domestic water security in Muhuru-Bay. The United Nations Development Programs' concept of human poverty of 1965 was also explored and related to the enhancement of human development through provision of clean and safe water. Data was obtained from field survey, secondary sources as well as PRA simple pair wise ranking. For the field survey, a semi-structured questionnaire was used in Muhuru-Bay in four villages namely; Rabwao, Nyakiringoto, Bande and Olando. Sixty (60) respondents were randomly selected for interviewing. Eight key informants provided detailed information on key areas of investigation. This was complimented with in-depth key interviews as well as focus group discussion (FGD). In analyzing the field data, descriptive and inferential statistics was calculated using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. This was then integrated with narratives and the results from PRA pair-wise ranking. Ground photographs were also captured to ascertain qualitative information from respondents. The graphical presentations of the frequency distribution in form of pie charts and bar graphs were made by the application of micro-soft excel (MS-Excel).


calculated from a J(PACALD) value as high as 10**-3 s**-1 at overhead sun (Peeters and Müller, 2010), and that the photochemistry of PACALD should proceed to some degree within 12 min. That was the reason why we made simulations of upper and lower bound cases by employing either m = 3 (S1 run) or m = 1 (S2 run). Upon Drs. Müller and Peeters' comment, we performed an additional model run (called S2mod here) employing a more explicit reaction scheme:


The purpose of this study was to create predictive species distribution models (SDMs) for temperate reef‐associated fish species densities and fish assemblage diversity and richness to aid in marine conservation and spatial planning.


The search for cohesive groups inside a social network is a topic commonly known as community detection and has attracted many researchers. However, the identification of groups with competitive features using blockmodeling, biclustering and structural or regular equivalences has benefited from a less important interest within the research community. In this paper we define a generic biclustering method called BiP that computes semantically meaningful coclusters (or biclusters) from a two-mode data network. The method has the following features: (i) it allows the processing of adjacency matrices whose data type can be either binary, discrete or categorical without any need for prior data codification, and (ii) each generated block may either represent a cluster of objects with the properties they own (or not), or a juxtaposition of subgroups with distinct profiles (and sometimes purely opposed ones) for a subset of attributes.


Particularly carrier (10) is described for the at least one sample chamber for cryopreservation of biological samples (11), the carrier (10) is set so as to place the sample chamber (11) and the first frame portion (30) and a second frame portion for contacting with a side (31, 41) is in a state of being combined are and can be assembled detachably with connecting elements (50) and (40) comprising a mounting frame (20) having said sample chamber (11) can be secured between the side surfaces (31, 41).


The paper discusses the differences between deterministic models and stochastic models in calculus. deterministic models offer very good representations of natural occurring phenomenon but they do not represent everything. Stochastic representation takes into account random probability that is inherit in all real world events and thus represents more then its counterpart. I explain this by using the action potential of nerves as a specific example and show that the deterministic model that Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley does not properly represent the firing of action potential in nerves at threshold voltages. Creating a stochastic model of the action potential takes into account that probability of the gates opening and closing and at threshold levels mimics the true reaction of an action potential at threshold voltages. INTRODUCTION The real world is made up of minute random events yet a majority of real world systems are explained using deterministic models. Some such models include various population models and the modeling of action potentials in nerves. In mathematics, deterministic models are explained as a set of states which are predetermined depending on the initial conditions. Thus, as long as the initial conditions never change, the outcome will always be the same. In other words, deterministic models introduce no randomness into the system. Even though these models give seemingly correct outcomes, they go against the nature of real world systems. This is because the majority of real world systems are 1 Deterministic vs. Probabilistic (stochastic), "Mathematical Model", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_model 2 Lodish, Harvey et al., Molecular Cellular Biology (New York: W. H. Freeman & Co.; c1999), Chapter 21 only affected by randomness in amounts small enough to not notice. This of course depending on the initial conditions. In order to get an accurate portrayal of a system, the whole system must be modeled accurately, not just certain cases. This is where stochastic models come in. Stochastic models depend on some predetermined and random variables to transition from one state to another. With those random variables comes a way to represent the randomness involved in real world systems. The rest of this paper will discuss in detail the limitations and advantages of stochastic and deterministic models to represent real world systems using the action potential of nerves as the primary example. BIOLOGICAL BACKGROUND The human neural system is comprised of excitable cells spread throughout the body that lead to the spine and up to the brain. nerves are a type of excitable cell and the type this paper will use. The way signals are transferred through nerves is by sending electrical impulses starting at the dendrites and down the axon body. Once the electric impulse gets to the axon terminal it will induce a rise in calcium ions in the cytosol. This rise causes vesicles to fuse with the plasma membrane and releases its contents into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitters bind to the receptors on the next cell creating an electrical disturbance. If that disturbance is high enough then that cell triggers its own electrical impulse. The electrical impulse is created by a rapid increase and decrease in electrical membrane potential in the cell. The change in electric potential is caused by the passing of Na and K ions through voltage-gated channels that were open. As the potential increases, more Na channels open. The opening of the channels further increase the potential and depolarize the membrane. When the membrane is depolarized to a certain level it will open enough channels to have a landslide effect and create a spike in the electric potential. This occurrence is called the Action potential. The action potential has a very unique feature in that it has an all-or-nothing response. This means that once the electric potential gets to a certain level the action potential will always fire. This voltage (which is electric potential) level is called the threshold voltage. The action potential in cells has been studied for quite some time and extensive research has been done on the topic which makes it a perfect medium to compare stochastic and deterministic modeling. Arguably the most famous model for action potential is the one that Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley came up with in 1952. Their model was described by a set of differential equations and will be used as the example for deterministic modeling. The work on this topic that was done by both Professor Eric Jakobsson from the University of Illinois and myself will be used as the example for stochastic modeling. Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley published a series of papers in 1952 on their work describing important properties of ionic conductances in nerve action potentials. They conducted their experiments on a squid axon. The squid axon was a good platform for research because it was large enough to visibly see and also the squid axon basically has two types of voltage-dependent conductances unlike more complex systems. From the research done they came up with a set of differential equations to model action potential in nerves. Figure 1.1: Differential equations discovered by Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley. According to the differential equations that Hodgkin and Huxley came up with the 3 Mark Nelson and John Rinzel, "Hodgkin Huxley Model" in The Book of GENESIS: Exploring Realistic Neural Models with the GEneral NEural SImulation System, Second Edition, James M. Bower and David Beeman (TELOS/Springer-Verlag; 1998), Chapter 4 4 A.L. Hodgkin and A.F. Huxley, "A Quantitative Description of Membrane Current and its Application to Conduction and Excitation in Nerve", J. Physiol 117 (1952), 500-544 change in electric potential (voltage) across the membrane is based on three factors; the electric current of Na ions, K ions, and Cl ions (leakage). According to Hodgkin and Huxley the leakage current is negligible compared to the Na and K currents. The electric currents of the Na and K currents are determined by multiplying the current conductance of those ions at that voltage with the voltage difference between the current voltage and the ion's electric potential. Each of those factors change as the current system voltage changes. The conductance changes based on how many voltage-dependent channels are open which in turn are controlled by voltage gates inside of the channel. There are three types of voltage gates that determine how many channels are open. The Na channels are controlled by three m gates and one h gate while the K channels are controlled by four n gates. The change in these gates are determined by the three lower differential equations. The alpha and beta functions are listed in the table below. The alpha function determines the percentage of gates that go from open to close whereas the beta function determines the opposite. Figure 1.2: Alpha and Beta functions for the n, m, and h gates. Voltage = u. These equations were discovered by Hodgkin and Huxley by performing patch clamp experiments on the squid axon. They clamped the voltage at a certain level so it would not change as they stimulated action potentials in the axon. This was done so they could measure the change in conductance independent of voltage change. They proceeded to run these at various voltage levels to acquire accurate data. DETERMINISTIC MODEL With the equations above we were able to replicate Hodgkin and Huxley's data, including the patch clamp experiments through simulations run on Octave software. We did this in order to 4 A.L. Hodgkin and A.F. Huxley, "A Quantitative Description of Membrane Current and its Application to Conduction and Excitation in Nerve", J. Physiol 117 (1952), 500-544 5 Wulfram Gerstner and Werner N. Kistler, "Spiking Neuron Models". http://icwww.epfl.ch/~gerstner/SPNM/SPNM.html later compare our data from the stochastic model simulations. Once we confirmed that our results were same as the graphs presented by Hodgkin and Huxley in their 1952 paper we changed the parameters to test how accurate it simulated the all-or-nothing response that action potentials have. Figure 1.3: Graph of the Hodgkin-Huxley model simulations at various voltages We noticed that as the input voltage changed the action potential peak and curve changed also. The lower the input voltage the smaller the peak and the more wide spread the curve which is not similar to how action potentials fire. With this we found our limitations of the deterministic model we used. The closer we got to the threshold voltage the more the model deviated from the correct representation of an action potential. The reason for this is because the model created by Hodgkin and Huxley does not take into account the random chance for a gate to switch states. Depending on the current voltage of the system any gate has a vary chance to switch from open to close or close to open. This random factor gave us the idea for the stochastic model we used.


Rhizopus cohnii lipase was immobilized by adsorption on porous chitosan polyphosphate beads. The obtained preparation, active against fatty acids esters of p-nitrophenol and against olive oil, was characterised and compared with the free enzyme. Both lipase forms displayed the highest activity at pH 8—9. The optimum activity temperature of free and immobilized lipase was 37iC and 30iC, respectively. Immobilization did not significantly change the thermal stability of lipase in comparison with the free enzyme. Both forms of the enzyme were stable at 30iC, they lost half of their activity within 45—50 min at 50iC, and at 60iC they were fully inactivated within 10 min. Affinity to p-nitrophenylpalmitate (pNPP) for both the free and immobilized lipase was identical and amounted Km=0.2 mmol/L. With the use of HPLC, enzymatic hydrolysis of olive oil by the free and immobilized lipase was compared with the chemical hydrolysis of this substrate. It was found that both forms of the enzyme were active only against emulsified substrate, and the chromatograms of products of reactions catalysed by free and immobilized lipase showed no qualitative differences. Among the products of olive oil degradation by both forms of the enzyme, fractions identified as palmitic and linoleic acids were detected, whereas oleic acid, normally generated in the largest amount after chemical hydrolysis, was not detected.


The remote service of machinery design is one important portion of Appication Service Provider(ASP) platform of manufacturing. Analysing the need of product design of small- and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, a remote service system of machinery design was built based on ASP model utilizing AutoVue 、JSP and web database technologies. This system will improve the design ability of small- and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises.


Through a socio-historical perspective of politics, this article analyses the dynamics of the mobilization around the Luxembourgish language in a context marked by an increased presence of immigrants in the 1980. Drawing on a diversity of empirical sources (press archives, parliamentary debates, interviews), it shows how the institutionalization of Luxembourgish as national langue through law in 1984 leads to strengthen the link between skills in this language and access to political rights. Through the case of Luxembourg, the article raises the more general question of the influence of a democratic norm, linked to the monolingual nation-state model, on contemporary plurilingual societies.


Read more and get great! That's what the book enPDFd success in answering reference questions two studies will give for every reader to read this book. This is an on-line book provided in this website. Even this book becomes a choice of someone to read, many in the world also loves it so much. As what we talk, when you read more every page of this success in answering reference questions two studies, what you will obtain is something great.


In modern conditions, small and medium-sized agribusiness in agriculture is represented by farms and personal subsidiary farms. The lack of a system and mechanism for servicing agricultural producers of small and medium-sized agribusiness hinder their development. Small and medium-sized businesses are particularly in need of developing a system of sales, supply, financing, service, which would take into account the needs and specifics of its development. This problem is solved by the development of a system of cooperative entities. Agricultural consumer cooperation includes great potential growth rates of production, economic and social development of the village, as a link between the various spheres of agriculture. It is one of the most reliable ways to strengthen agriculture and has a number of advantages over other forms of management.


Objective To evaluate the factors that elevate blood pressure levels in children and to provide evidence for hypertension prevention.Methods A total of 3 693 children aged 7-13 years were chosen by economic levels,and investigated with questionnaire.All the participants received physical examination.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors to children's elevated blood pressure.Results The prevalence of elevated blood pressure was 20.8%,and 19.5% and 22.4% for boys and girls,18.5% and 24.7% for urban and rural respectively.Univariate analysis showed that the type of residence(urban or rural),economic level of residence,overweight and obesity,central obesity,as well as frequency of breakfast,vegetables,and dairy consumption were statistically associated with elevated blood pressure among children(P0.05);Logistic regression analysis showed that economic level of residence,type of residence,overweight were closely related to elevated blood pressure among children.Conclusion Overweight and obesity,economic level of residence are important risk factors for children's high blood pressure.Control of children obesity is important to high blood pressure among children.


This paper examines the nature of love labouring and explores how it can be distinguished from other forms of care work. It provides a three fold taxonomy for analysing other-centred work, distinguishing between work required to maintain primary care relations (love labour), secondary care relations (general care work) and tertiary care relations (solidarity work). A central theme of the paper is that primary care relations are not sustainable over time without love labour; that the realization of love, as opposed to the declaration of love, requires work. Drawing on a wide range of theoretical and empirical sources, including a study of caring undertaken by the author, the paper argues that there is mutuality, commitment, trust and responsibility at the heart of love labouring that makes it distinct from general care work and solidarity work. It sets out reasons why it is not possible to commodify the feelings, intentions and commitments of love labourers to supply them on a paid basis.


Under specific activating conditions, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) composed of decondensed chromatin lined with microbicidal protein such as neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase. NETs contribute to innate immunity but can also foster autoimmune diseases and thrombus formation. NET formation (NETosis) requires reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by NADPH oxidase and histone hypercitrullination by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), allowing for chromatin decondensation. Rac GTPases are expressed in three isoforms: Rac1 is ubiquitously expressed and plays a role in PMN migration and oxidase function; Rac2 is hematopoietic-specific and the major isoform in PMNs and Rac3 is mostly neuronal. Rac1 and Rac2 regulate the cytoskeleton in PMNs, controlling actin polymerization, cell shape, adhesion and migration and are essential components of the NADPH oxidase complex. The present study aimed to explore the role of the Rac pathway on NETosis in PMNs, including the upstream guanosine exchange factor (GEF) activator, Vav, and a downstream effector of Rac, p21 activated kinase, Pak. We developed a flow cytometry-based quantification of H3 hypercitrullination (H3Cit). In response to phorbol myristate ester (PMA) stimulation, H3Cit is increased to 136% of basal in WT cells, compared with 103% in Rac2-/- (P in vivo vena cava stenosis model (WT 78% and Rac2-/- 56% of mice with thrombus). Deletion of floxed Rac1 sequences in a Rac2-/- background in vivo allows generation and purification of PMNs lacking both Rac isoforms. Rac1Δ/Δ,Rac2-/- PMNs, which are defective in actin polymerization, had reduced basal H3Cit and a nearly complete lack of PMA-induced increase in H3Cit (136% vs 69%, WT vs Rac1Δ/Δ,Rac2-/-, P Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Th e tension between the German-speaking majority and the Slovenian-speaking minority in Carinthia is most impressively manifest in the dispute over bilingual place signs. Th is question has been an ongoing issue in Carinthia's recent history. During the fi rst stormy period in the 1970s, Barker evaluated offi cial policy on this question as "in short, yet another instance of reliance upon fool's luck, i.e., the nineteenth century policy of fortwursteln".1 Forty years later, nothing has changed and fortwursteln remains the offi cial policy toward bilingual topographic signs. Th e challenge now is to examine the driving forces behind this confl ict, the factors that keep it alive at the beginning of the twenty-fi rst century. Th is article attempts to explain those forces, using an interdisciplinary approach that combines law and history.2 Th e following four main topics will be discussed: 1) Th e fi rst part compares developments in the 1970s with those of recent years, highlighting changes that have taken place in politics and society. 2) Th e second part analysis specifi c forms of nationalism and identity in Carinthia and their role in the minority–majority confl ict. In particular, it examines the structures of confl ict and the special importance played by identity resources such as topographical signs and minority legislation. 3) Th e third part gives an overview of relevant national and international legislation, interpretations of these norms, and outlines the mechanisms by which


In Latin America there have been processes of improvement in the practice of educational evaluation that deserve to be looked at. This article has as objective to examine the Mexican experience, in order to evaluate its range. With changes in regulatory framework and the creation of institutions that monitor assessment processes in the education sector, aligning the goals and objectives with the international assessment proposals, Mexico has developed an experience in upgrading its systems, which is worth analyzing, not only for its achievements but also for its limitations that may be taken into account in other countries working at preliminary stages under similar situations as the Mexican case. Despite the actions in the field of school evaluation, there has not been enough study of their use and impact; it is not yet clear how they have contributed to an improvement that include school resources, human resources -both teachers and directors- or to the study of school processes and educational programs.


Abstract Physical activity is a well-established predictor of health and longevity. Wearable accelerometers produce high-frequency, time series data that capture multiple aspects of daily physical activity across the spectrum of intensity. Historically, the majority of accelerometry-based physical activity research has employed summary threshold metrics such as moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, or "MVPA." Although these measures are important for understanding compliance with physical activity guidelines, they underutilize the potential of this data. To advance the science of physical activity in older adults, more sensitive, clinically translatable measures are needed. This symposium will examine the associations between novel measures of accelerometry-derived physical activity and various aging-related health outcomes. Dr. Wanigatunga will discuss the association of physical activity volume and fragmentation with the frailty phenotype in the Study to Understand Vitamin D and Fall Reduction in You (STURDY). Dr. Cai will present evidence on the association of physical activity quantities and patterns with measures of visual impairment in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Ms. Qiao will present a novel accelerometry-derived measure of performance fatigability in the Developmental Epidemiologic Cohort Study. Finally, Dr. Urbanek will discuss the role of accelerometry-derived free-living gait cadence in defining fall risk in STURDY. Collectively, these presentations highlight critical associations between objective measures of physical activity and health outcomes in older adults and illuminate the need for thinking beyond MVPA to improve prevention and intervention efforts.


Abstract A theoretical model is developed for an h.c.p. crystal containing extrinsic stacking faults. The probability of faults occurring between any close-packed layers of the original crystal α, and the probability that an inserted (condensed) layer is followed by another inserted (condensed) layer β, are calculated. The different diffraction effects for different values of α and β are predicted.


Provided are a method for controlling power mode switching and a computer program product thereof. The method for controlling power mode switching, applied to a computer device, is provided. The computer device includes a power source supplying electrical power to the computer device for operation and is operated in a first power mode. In the method, firstly, a request for switching the computer to a second power mode is received. A power consumption amount corresponding to the second power mode is calculated. A remaining capacity of the power source is obtained. Then, whether the power consumption amount is larger than the remaining capacity is determined. If the power consumption amount is larger than the remaining capacity, a warning indicating that the remaining capacity is not sufficient is sent to an operating system of the computer device and the computer device is not switched to the second power mode.


Enclaves constitute a key tracer guide to assess the magmatic source and evolutionary processes of Cu–Mo–Au porphyry-type deposits. In this study, four types of enclaves were identified in the Baogutu reduced Cu porphyry-type deposit, West Junggar, Northwest China: gabbroic enclaves (Type 1) and schist enclaves (Type 2) are proposed to be restites and immiscible enclaves, respectively, which confirm the contributions of mantle components and sediments in the reduced Cu porphyry-type deposit. Fine-grained dioritic enclaves (Type 3) have a similar mineral composition and texture to the dioritic host rocks, which are probably autoliths derived from inhomogeneous fractional crystallization. Tuffaceous siltstone enclaves (Type 4) with a zircon U-Pb age of 339.2 ± 7.5 Ma (MSWD = 0.55), the formation age of which is in agreement with the host early Carboniferous rock unit, indicate that these tuffaceous siltstone enclaves might have formed in a contamination process. Moreover, the schist enclaves, together with the newly discovered 2691.3 ± 12.3 Ma inherited zircon in tuffaceous siltstone enclaves, further indicate that the Baogutu arc could be a continental arc.


Stagnating saline environments can be prone to sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) activity which modifies the chemistry of these waters and therefore influences the aggressiveness of such media towards structural materials. The decrease in pH and concomitant rise in sulphide levels are both parameters of importance to the integrity of concrete and the encapsulated reinforcing steel. The presentation expands on previously published studies in this area by concentrating on mechanistic aspects of steel corrosion in these complex chemical environments. It shows that competition between the processes that disrupt and restore passivity to the steel surface are a central feature of the electrochemistry of these systems, but are not restricted to chloride-related phenomena. The paper also discusses how corrosion susceptibility is affected by the local pH at the steel-concrete interface, by the anions present, and by oxygen availability. The third section of the paper addresses the effects of concrete-environment interactions on the likely nature of the aqueous medium that are seen by the reinforcing steel in the absence of significant macrocracking, and hence how corrosion reactions can further develop.(A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 831449.


Community services are among the important business aspect to strengthen the profit and desired between industries and social responsibility alike.Therefore, there is a need for a competitive company to gain trust and loyalty from their potential consumer. This project utilized knowledge based technology to address the need of diabetes patient to improvise their quality of life. Based on the case study done at B Braun Medical (M) Industries Sdn. Bhd., the project offers an ample space of interaction between the company and diabetic community via World Wide Web.


A silicon nitride film was deposited on an Si(100) substrate with a silicon dioxide surface layer from NH 3 and SiH 2 Cl 2 by low-pressure chemical vapour deposition under various conditions. The etching rates of the silicon nitride films by buffered hydrofluoric acid (BHF) were investigated using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. The change of the etching rate at the interface region suggested the existence of a transition layer on the interface between the silicon nitride film and the silicon dioxide layer on the substrate. The silicon concentration of the transition layer is higher than that of the silicon nitride. The existence of a transition layer was also confirmed by angular-resolved XPS. Measurement of the etching rate of the silicon nitride films by BHF was applied to clarify the relation between the deposition conditions of the silicon nitride films and the thickness of the transition layer. The growth of the transition layer was controlled by nitridation of the substrate in ammonia ambient before deposition of the silicon nitride film.


The embodiment of the invention relates to a rural meteorological disaster early warning processing system, which comprises a meteorological server, an image coding server, a streaming media sever, a message pushing server and a terminal management platform server, wherein the meteorological server acquires and publishes real-time meteorological information, meteorological forecast information and disaster early warning information; the image coding server carries out coding processing on received video image data or static image data; the streaming media server processes the video image data, which is subjected to coding processing, into streaming media data; the message pushing server generates an early warning message according to received alarm information, and pushes the early warning message; and the terminal management platform server receives and processes the real-time meteorological information, the meteorological forecast information, the disaster early warning information, the static image data, the streaming media data and the early warning message, and sends the information to corresponding disaster early warning receiving and processing terminals, and the information is outputted into video information, image information and/or voice information through the disaster early warning receiving and processing terminals.


This paper explores the history of the Mozambique African National Union (MANU) and of early nationalism in Mozambique, by providing an analysis of MANU discourse in 1961. Reading through MANU documents produced in 1961 and deposited in the Arquivo Histórico de Moçambique, I argue that MANU was neither exclusively constituted by Makonde nor was it in favour of a local or regional ethno-nationalism. While it was strongly represented by Makonde people, MANU also integrated the other ethnic groups of northern Mozambique – such as Yao, Nyanja and Makhuwa people – who were also working and living in different parts of Tanganyika, Zanzibar and Kenya. Defending the importance of national unity and accepting other ethnic groups beyond the Makonde, MANU wished to become a political party representative of all Mozambicans. The Union was also in favour of the participation of women in political struggle and it placed great importance on education. It was this vision that prompted MANU to join efforts with the Mozambican Democratic National Union (UDENAMO) and Independent Mozambique African Union (UNAMI), which merged to form the Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO).


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Sales Promotion and Brand Trust on Buying Decisions on the sale of imported goods during the pandemic at the Cimol Gedebage Market, Bandung. This research method uses descriptive and verification analysis with a quantitative approach. The source of this research uses primary data. This research data collection using a questionnaire. The sample of this research is 120 consumers in Cimol Gedebage Market, Bandung by using simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive analysis and path analysis. The results of this study indicate that Sales Promotion has a positive and significant effect on Buying Decision. It is known that the total effect of Sales Promotion on Buying Decision is 77.7%. Sales Promotion has a positive and significant effect on Brand Trust with a total effect of Sales Promotion on Brand Trust, which is 57.2%. Brand Trust has a positive and significant effect on Buying Decision, with a total effect of 44.1%.


The maximum shear modulus is a fundamental parameter related to the mechanical behavior used for analysis of dynamic behavior and aseismatic design of geotechnical structures of soft clays.The previous methods to get the maximum shear modulus in China are generally from the laboratory test which is of time consuming and lower accuracy.This paper performed the measurements of shear wave velocity using the downhole and seismic piezocone tests on the background of expressway engineering of the Quaternary Lixiahe ages-old lagoon facies soft soils in North Jiangsu.Based on the shear wave velocity test data from the downhole and seismic piezocone tests,empirical correlations between the maximum shear modulus Gmax and parameters derived from piezocone measurements are developed.It is shown that the piezocone tip resistance and pore pressure parameter can be used for a preliminary estimate of the maximum shear modulus Gmax of soft soils.


Dentigerous cyst is the most common type of developmental odontogenic cyst which is formed by accumulation of fluid between the reduced enamel epithelium and crown of an impacted, embedded or unerupted tooth. The cystic lining is a thin fibrous connective tissue wal/lined by 2–3 eel/layered thick flat epithelial cells. Secondary inflammation causes various histopathological changes like hyperplasia, degeneration and break in continuity of epithelium &excessive resorption of bone. Here, we present a case report of infected dentigerous cyst involving permanent mandibular right canine.


This diploma thesis deals with creation of printing outputs through the use of generator of printing reports. In theoretic part, there are described printing mechanisms in Microsoft Windows and common possibilities of developer how to create printing output from the application. Practical part attends to description of particular program for graphical draft of report and follow-up printing of created report in another application according to a text output from graphical designer.


The Netherlands is updating its flood protection, whilst fully taking into account climate change and socioeconomic development. This translates in 'anticipatory standards' which need to be met in 2050, and which apply for the then foreseen climate and economy. Whilst the government maintains to have adopted a policy of adaptive planning and management, the new standards are thus based on one future situation, which qualifies as a 'high end scenario' from a flood risk management perspective. The consequences of adopting these new standards are now becoming clear. It is expected that many hundreds of kilometres of primary flood defences need to be reinforced and/or raised, at an estimated investment of about 9-14 billion euros. The many uncertainties about actual future development, however, complicate the decision making about the implementation of individual reinforcement projects: should one aim at immediately meeting the new standard or gradually improve and grow towards it? In this paper we discuss the uncertain decision making context, show that lawfulness (working according to procedures, rules and regulations) and expediency (towards a purpose) may jeopardize the good intentions of adaptive management, and argue that optimization may not provide the most useful answer to this decision making problem.


I, century, and particularly from the publication by Beccaria, the Milanese lawyer, of his book on Crimes and Punishments in 1764. Many of these earlier *deas were inclined to be philosophical. Stimulated by Darwinism, biological I ?r constitutional theories, notably Lombroso's views on the atavistic criminal man, the 'born criminal', became fashionable in the later nineteenth century. Sheldon's somatotypes, twin studies and genetic studies are the logical modern successors of earlier constitutional theory; the sociological theories ?f the twentieth century, developed partly as a reaction to biological concepts, take account of economic, environmental and topographical, as well as s?cial, factors and form a valuable background to studies of personality structure. However, many sociological hypotheses are highly theoretical and based on but little empirical data. Delinquency, it is probably rightly said, begins at home, and while such deeply rooted ideas as the 'broken home' and maternal deprivation may be important contingencies, there are other factors; father, too, is important 111 the family. The surest safeguard against delinquency in the child is a consistent upbringing in an affectionate family, with early ethical training.


The control of Majorana fermions is an essential procedure for implementing topological quantum computation. The Majorana fermion can be described by a real wave function with only two phases (0 and {\pi}) which provide a controllable degree of freedom. We propose a strategy to regulate the phase of the chiral Majorana state by coupling with a scanning tunneling microscope tip in a system consisting of quantum anomalous Hall insulator coupled with a superconductor. With the change of the chemical potential, the chiral Majorana state can be tuned alternately between 0 and {\pi}, in which, correspondingly, the perfect normal tunneling and perfect crossed Andreev reflection appear. The perfect crossed Andreev reflection, by which a Cooper pair can be split into two electrons going into different terminals completely, leads to a pumping current and distinct quantized resistances. These findings may give a feasible avenue to regulate the phase of Majorana state.


Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a water catchment technique used in urban areas globally. RWH has a deep history rooted in indigenous practices and has recently become more accepted in urban areas. The quality and quantity of harvested water depends both on the geographical location of the system with respect to nearby land-use, seasonality, and rainfall intensity, as well as the material of the catchment surface. The economic viability of RWH systems is dependent on initial expenses, operation and maintenance costs, and water fees. Furthermore, government subsidies and clear, concise policy may improve water tank installation, usage, and maintenance. Policy may also help the general public install and use RWH systems through the promotion of education that improves RWH-specific knowledge. While community engagement (CE), stakeholder participation, and increased community knowledge of RWH may potentially yield increases in system use and sustainability, there is a general paucity of this research in peer-reviewed literature. Future studies should explore community engagement within the context of rainwater harvesting systems in urban areas.


The catalytic performance of the titanium-based metal–organic framework MIL-125 was evaluated in the selective oxidation of cyclohexene (CyH) with environmentally friendly oxidants, H2O2 and tBuOOH. The catalytic activity of MIL-125 as well as the oxidant utilization efficiency and selectivity toward epoxide and epoxide-derived products can be greatly improved by acid additives (HClO4 or CF3SO3H). In the presence of 1 molar equivalent (relative to Ti) of a proton source, the total selectivity toward CyH epoxide and trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol reached 75–80% at 38–43% alkene conversion after 45 min of reaction with 1 equivalent of 30% H2O2 at 50 °C. With 50% H2O2 as the oxidant, the total selectivity toward heterolytic oxidation products increased up to 92% at the same level of alkene conversion. N2 adsorption, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy studies before and after the catalytic oxidations confirmed the absence of structural changes in the Metal–organic framework (MOF) structure. MIL-125 was stable toward titanium leaching, behaved as a truly heterogeneous catalyst, and could easily be recovered and reused several times without any loss of the catalytic properties.