Background: Exercise is also known as physical activity. In simple terms exercise is any movement that works your body at a greater intensity than your usual level of daily activity. Exercise raises your heart rate and works your muscles and is most commonly undertaken to achieve the aim of physical fitness. It offers major health benefits and counselling for it should be integrated into the medical consultation. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of physical activity habits among doctors in School of medicine / faculty of medical sciences . Also, to identify the reasons for engagement in physical exercise among the study population and the reasons for not engaging in physical activity. Besides that , to determine whether physicians in the study encourage their patients to be physically active through their advice and lifestyle , and whether they encourage to study sport medicine in medical colleges. Method : A cross-sectional study was carried out among doctors who are in contact and lecturers of the school of medicine/faculty of medical sciences/university of sulaimani. The questionnaire were collected by visiting their hospitals , departments or branches from March 1 till April 1 and was a self-administered questionnaire and verbal consent was taken .The doctors absolutely voluntarily participated in the study, and obtained information was coded and anonymous. The data of this study was entered and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0 software program . Result : In this study the collected data are 91 , in which 64.8% are male and 25.2% are female , and age ranges 29 – 63 , with highest response between 35 – 44 age group , and BMI ranged from<18 to >30 with the highest response from over-weighted group, and among specialty the highest response were among surgeons. The prevalence of physical activity assessed as 53.8% and with no significant associations between physical activity with age, gender, marital status and BMI but only specialty shows significant association of 80.8% of surgeons. There is close prevalence of physical activity between male and female of 52.5% and 56.25% respectively, and highest prevalence for age are among 45 and above, and normal and obese BMI groups are of highest in engaging in physical activities and overall 59.2% do exercise regularly. The most common motivator is improving health 38.8% , and most cited barriers are being busy with family (37.4%) and being too tired (35.2%).91.2% recommend studying sport medicine in medical colleges , and 97.7 counsel their patients for exercising. Conclusion : Doctors shows good engagement in physical activities. Prevalence of exercise is not related to gender, age ,BMI, marital status but only associated with specialty. Male and female show close prevalence of engagement in physical activities. The regularity of exercise among doctors is not maintained as expected. Most doctors recommend studying Sport medicine in medical colleges. The most common motivator among doctors is improving health , and being busy with family and being tired are the most cited barrier . Being a doctor has affect in not participating in physical activities by many ways. Most doctors counsel their patients about exercise. South American Journal of Public Health Special Edition May 2016


Scalar perturbations during inflation can be substantially amplified by tiny features in the inflaton potential. A bump-like feature behaves like a local speed-breaker and lowers the speed of the scalar field, thereby locally enhancing the scalar power spectrum. A bump-like feature emerges naturally if the base inflaton potential Vb(ϕ) contains a local correction term such as Vb(ϕ)[1+ε(ϕ)] at ϕ=ϕ0. The presence of such a localised correction term at ϕ0 leads to a large peak in the curvature power spectrum and to an enhanced probability of black hole formation. Remarkably this does not significantly affect the scalar spectral index nS and tensor to scalar ratio r on CMB scales. Consequently such models can produce higher mass primordial black holes (MPBH⩾ 1 M⊙) in contrast to models with `near inflection-point potentials' in which generating higher mass black holes severely affects nS and r. With a suitable choice of the base potential—such as the string theory based (KKLT) inflation or the α-attractor models—the amplification of primordial scalar power spectrum can be as large as 107 which leads to a significant contribution of primordial black holes (PBHs) to the dark matter density today, fPBH = Ω0, PBH/Ω0,DM ∼ O(1). Interestingly, our results remain valid if the bump is replaced by a dip. In this case the base inflaton potential Vb(ϕ) contains a negative local correction term such as Vb(ϕ)[1−ε(ϕ)] at ϕ=ϕ0 which leads to an enhanced probability of PBH formation. We conclude that primordial black holes in the mass range 10−17 M⊙ ⩽ MPBH ⩽ 100 M⊙ can easily form in single field inflation in the presence of small bump-like and dip-like features in the inflaton potential.


Metromedia Steakhouses Company, L.P., is the operator and franchisor ofthe Ponderosa and Bonanza Steakhouse chains. Two years ago, the Financial Planning and Analysis Department redefined its mission. We set out to gain a full understanding of what was happening in each of our markets. Up to this point, our analysis was focused almost exclusively on overall system performance factors. This change resulted in a data explosion. Analytically, what we were doing for the system, now had to be replicated by a factor of better than 50. Furthermore, we are currently gearing our efforts so that we may evaluate the individual restaurants in the same way. To fulfill the mission, our group sought out to systematically build the data sets required. We decided to build our data on PC's utilizing a Local Area Network. WHY LAN? There were several reasons why we chose LAN over the existing mainframe resource: 1. Data/Graphical Interfacing. A technique that has turned out to be useful in our company is presenting a report of analytical data and graphics on the same page, often times with comments. This type of format has an appeal to a wide audience because the graphs can tell a story rather quickly to those who are not analytical or "numbers oriented," while the data side appeals to those who want the numbers. From this format, both types can discuss the issues literally from the same page. The PC provided us the best tool to carry this out. 2. Flexibility. Like many businesses, we are in a dynamic, fast paced environment. It is not uncommon to be required to analyze an issue from many different angles in a short amount of time. Again, the LAN platform allows us to pull together information quickly, load it into a spreadsheet and perform the analysis. 3. Independence. By having the data on the LAN, our analysts are free to get the data they need, in the fashion they need, and not to be dependent on MIS support. Once decided upon the LAN, we began developing the data foundations needed to analyze the business. We knew very well that in so doing we would miss in some areas because of the constantly changing demands. We also knew that we had to logically reconstruct the data to make it work. Exhibit 1 gives the flowchart that outlines how we break down the revenue line into the key areas that influence it the most.(Exhibit 1 omitted.) As you may know from your own experience, it takes a lot of hard work and cooperation from many areas to gather this type of data and to organize it in a mutually beneficial format for multiple users. …


Abstract An adaptive spline method for smoothing is proposed that combines features from both regression spline and smoothing spline approaches. One of its advantages is the ability to vary the amount of smoothing in response to the inhomogeneous "curvature" of true functions at different locations. This method can be applied to many multivariate function estimation problems, which is illustrated by an application to smoothing temperature data on the globe. The method's performance in a simulation study is found to be comparable to the wavelet shrinkage methods proposed by Donoho and Johnstone. The problem of how to count the degrees of freedom for an adaptively chosen set of basis functions is addressed. This issue arises also in the MARS procedure proposed by Friedman and other adaptive regression spline procedures.


In developed countries, Sustainable Systems are one of the policy priorities which helps to solve various problems of cultural, social, environmental, etc. This goal, the achievement of sustainable development "environmental sustainability" is a very important topic in architecture. One of the most important things, which is neglected today, is the human need for nature. The Goal of Architects and urban planners is to dedicate most of the City areas to the significant parks and green spaces. For achieving this goal, idea of Green roof is introduced in 1970 after the first oil crisis. Green Roof used unused roof space to create Green Spaces. This idea was not only try to create a sustainable architecture, but also in terms of aesthetics is a tool in the hands of architects and designers. In this paper, we attempt to get more familiar with this idea and their implementation practices.


Objective To study the value of hCG,Progestone(P)and CK ratio of blood in peritoneal cavity versus venous blood(Rp/v-hCG,Rp/v-P and Rp/v-CK)in the diagnosis of early ectopic pregnancy(EP).Methods 104 cases with EP and 16 women with intrauterine pregnancy with hemoperitoneum(hlUP)were enrolled in this prospective study.The level of hCG,P and CK in all subjective were measured in blood in peritoneal cavity and venous blood,then calculate the ratio of Rp/v-hCG,Rp/v-P and Rp/v-CK.ROC was used to differentiate EP,determine threshold of hlUP and evaluate the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in diagnosis EP preoperatively.Results The median Rp/v-hCG(5.74)and Rp/v-P(2.40)of EP group were significantly higher than that in hIUP group(0.57 and 0.74 respectively,P0.05).The median Rp/v-CK had no significantly difference between EP group(0.87)and hIUP group(0.91,P0.05).The threshold value of Rp/v-hCG and Rp/v-P between EP and hIUP was 1.0.The sensitivity of Rp/v-hCG,Rp/v-P,parallel test and serial test in the diagnosis of EP were94.23%,77.88%,96.15% and 75.96%,the specificity were 93.7%,93.75%,87.5% and 100%,respectively.Conclusion Rp/v-hCG1.0,Rp/v-P1.0,parallel test and serial test could be used to diagnose and differentiate EP from hIUP accurately.


The Georgian (Sakartvelo) species of Centrodora Forster, 1878 (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) have been collected from the Lagodekhi Protected Areas and three species (C. salicis, C. ochrura, C. dorsati) are recorded for the first time from Georgia and the Caucasus


In the case commented on, the European Court of Justice, in its preliminary ruling concerning the interpretation of "pre-packaged foodstuff", employs a systematic interpretation and rules that Article 1(3)(b) of Directive 2000/13/11EC must be interpreted as meaning that each individual portions of honey presented in form of portion-cups closed by an aluminium seal and packed in cartons supplied to mass caterers constitutes a "pre-packaged foodstuff" where the mass caterers sell those portions separately or offer them for sale to the ultimate consumer as part of a pre-packagedmeals for all-inclusive price. Small portions of "pre-packaged foodstuff" are extensively used in food industry. This preliminary ruling has significant practical implications for food manufacturers.


This research is proposed to described the third year students' reading comprehension at SMP Negeri 3 Linggo Sari Baganti, to describe the third year students' review ability at SMP Negeri 3 Linggo Sari Baganti, and to analyze the correlation between students' reading comprehension and review ability at SMP Negeri 3 Linggo Sari Baganti, this research used qualitative approach with coorelational method. Sample of this research was determined using proportional random sampling which taken 15% of the amount of the students each class. Based o research findings and data analysis, it can be inferred as follows: first, the ability of students reading comprehension at SMP Negeri 3 Linggo Sari Baganti can be classified as "good" (70,10). Second, the ability of students' review can be classified as "good" (73, 88). Third, there is a significance correlation between the third year students' reading comprehension and students' review ability at SMP Negeri 3 Linggo Sari Baganti which its reliability 95%.


The use of polysaccharides to alter the rheological properties of aqueous fracturing fluids has been a common practice for many years. In certain cases, the inherent properties of these natural and synthetic polymers have been negated by their sensitivity to adverse parameters present in both the base fluid and the formation. Some of these parameters have been identified as ionic strengths, transition metal concentrations, high bottom-hole temperatures, and chemical redox systems. Chemical solutions to these problems, which eliminate or minimize the detrimental effects, have been developed for field operations. Once the problem has been recognized and defined, an appropriate chemical treatment will usually make the field water usable, bypassing the necessity of finding an alternate supply. Higher base viscosities of the polymer sol and less polymer sensitivity to the ionic strength of the field waters have been noted in several instances. Exceptional polymer stability at higher temperatures has been obtained with one procedure.A description is presented of the various polysaccharide systems, their sensitivities, and the methods employed in countering these sensitivities. (35 refs.)


To avoid large currents caused by closing-loop operations in medium-voltage distribution grids, it is necessary to develop an effective method for rapid and accurate calculation of the closing-loop currents. In this paper, theoretical analysis is conducted to obtain the typical equivalent circuit for the calculation and analysis of the typical 10kV closing-loop system in Shanghai Grid. Three methods considering both the calculation complexity and the result accuracy, namely detailed power flow analysis method, simplified power flow analysis method and approximate formula method are proposed based on the typical equivalent closing-loop system. In the case study, the closing-loop currents of 10kV distribution grid of Shanghai under various operation scenarios are calculated with the three methods respectively, and the influence of the load levels and transformers' tap positions on the closing-loop currents are analyzed in accordance with the practical requirements of dispatching. The validity of the three methods is confirmed through comparison of the calculation results with full-network simulation results through BPA software. Furthermore, the convergence, accuracy and practical applicability of the three methods are compared, thus to provide a feasible and reliable decision basis for practical distribution grids dispatching.


This note is a reference guide to the econometric work on fiscal multipliers for MENAP countries. Spending and tax multipliers are estimated from conventional VAR models and identified using a sign-restrictions approach. Estimates show that fiscal multipliers tend to be small, except for those associated with government investment spending, which generally exceed unity. For the average MENAP country, fiscal multipliers for current spending, government consumption and government investment spending are 0.5, 0.8, and 1.1,respectively, while the tax revenues multiplier is estimated at around –0.4. There is also significant variation in the size of these multipliers across countries, consistent with differences in economic fundamentals, such as openness to trade and the flexibility of the exchange rate. The estimated multipliers are generally consistent with theoretical priors, and are in line with the evidence from the literature for other economies and categories of spending and taxes.


Intellectual honesty is not often met with in days of political and social convulsions; at those times, principles allying truth and reason are more often honoured in the breach than in the observance. James Mackintosh wrote his pamphlet because he sincerely thought that Burke had not been quite fair to the supporters of the principles of the French Revolution, to the ideas of liberty, equality, and the rights of man. Its complete title is Vindiciae Gallicae: Defence of the French Revolution and its Admirers against the Accusations of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke, Including some Strictures on the Late Production of M. de Calonne. It was published in London by G.J. and J. Robinson in April 1791. There were three editions in a few months. The quotations in this paper are taken from the August edition, the third one.' Its success made an anonymous translator publish a French version in I792. The French title 'Apologie de la Revolution Frangaise .. .', because of its choice of Apologie instead of Defense, emphasized an essential aspect of the work: it is more constructive than destructive, putting forward its own propositions rather than denying Burke's. Mackintosh's choice of a Latin title, and his introduction of a number of Latin quotations and classical allusions, point to his deliberate selection of his readers. He addresses the educated liberals of the kingdom, a public quite different from that of Paine, for instance. The word 'Vindiciae' may also be a reference to the young author's legal interests. At twenty-six he had turned his attention from medicine to the legal profession. The title-page boasts this connection: 'By James Mackintosh of Lincoln's Inn, Esq'. As a generous vindex he felt it his duty to vindicate what he thought good and just. Thirty-two years after his death, the 1864 edition of Chambers's Encyclopaedia reads: 'The first work that brought him into notice was his Vindiciae Gallicae. ... In sober philosophic thought, sound feeling, and common sense, it greatly surpassed the splendid philippic against which it was directed, and was enthusiastically lauded by the Liberal party; Burke himself thought highly of it'. Such praise may surprise a contemporary reader, but the author of the article on Mackintosh was sensitive to what opposes him to Burke. The latter is splendid and the former is sober. It is not easy to read Mackintosh nowadays because no modern edition is available, although a few extracts can be found in Alfred Cobban's anthology.2 The bicentenary of the French


Along with the normal development of China's securities market, due to historical reasons, some securities companies' accumulation of risks has become increasingly prominent, the disposal and the risk of market withdrawal of high-risk securities companies, have been an important issue which Chinese securities markets confronted with. In recent years, as the withdrawal from the legal market mechanism of the securities companies is not perfect enough, there are some executive-led policy-related issues in the process of compulsory withdrawal . Therefore, improving the market withdrawal mechanism of Chinese securities companies, is of great realistic significance. Based on the analysis of Chinese current lack of relevant legislation and practice of the problems ,the specific system designs are discussed.


This paper considers G. Carmichael's use of the term demand and its importance to the translation of a passage from his commentary to S. Pufendorf's De Officio relevant to the development of price analysis. A new translation of this passage allows us to highlight the relationships between the scheme of price determination put forward by Carmichael and those put forward by other authors. The discussion touchs also upon A. Smith's views on the role of cost and demand and shows that his analysis of price is developed along lines already contained in Carmichael's and F. Hutcheson's works and in older traditions. Copyright 1993 by Scottish Economic Society.


In this interview, climate scientist Tom Wigley says that waiting to take significant action on climate change makes it more likely that geoengineering will be needed to address the problem. He advocates for research on a combination approach: climate engineering together with mitigation efforts aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Wigley says that geoengineering may become necessary to stabilize global sea level rise, because sea level has much greater inertia than temperatures in the atmosphere. He argues that the climate problem cannot be solved with renewable energy alone, and that, without turning to geoengineering, consideration of the nuclear energy pathway—in particular, resuming the development of fast reactors—should be an essential component of attempts to address the climate crisis. Wigley claims that his colleagues in climate science are generally supportive of nuclear engineering and less fearful of it than they are of geoengineering.


Proton magnetic resonance second moment and spin‐lattice relaxation data are reported for polycrystalline solid dimethylamine and dimethylamine clathrate deuterate from 77 K up to the melting points of the respective compounds. The second moment results for solid dimethylamine indicate a hindered rotation of the methyl groups around their threefold axes, while the proton T1 data show a broad distribution of reorientational correlation times among the methyl groups. A quantitative interpretation of this distribution based on the Davidson‐Cole distribution function is given, and a reorientational energy barrier of 2.70±0.20 kcal mole−1 is obtained from the relaxation data using a Davidson‐Cole distribution parameter δ=0.8. In the dimethylamine clathrate deuterate, a pseudothreefold axis (c‐axis) reorientation of dimethylamine is observed at higher temperatures. Proton spin‐lattice relaxation in this case is nonexponential over most of the temperature range studied, and an analysis of the ``null'' time (t0) ...


The phase changes of VLF signal in Antarctic during extra-large solar flare on February 25,1991 and a few days later have been observed.According to the observation results,combing with the corresponding fitting formula,this article has calculated the reduced height,the level of solar flare,the time of particle sedimentation occurred and the speed of the solar wind.The analysis indicates that calculation results are in good agreement with satellite observation data issued by NGDC.It is evident that only by observing the phase of VLF signal can be used to predict the time and level of solar flare and particle precipitation event.


Abstract: Four episodes of infectious endocarditis in three patients receiving maintainance hemodialysis are reported. Patient No. 1 developed mitral valve infectious endocarditis following shunt surgery and responded to medical treatment. Patient No. 2 died during treatment for aortic and mitral valve infectious endocarditis. Infection was attributed to poor asepsis during conduct of home hemodialysis. Patient No. 3 had two episodes of infectious endocarditis associated with an external shunt infection. The first was successfully treated with mitral valve replacement and antibiotics. A paravalvular leak developed during a second episode of infectious endocarditis. This episode was treated with antibiotics and surgical repair of the paravalvular leak. None of the reported patients had evidence of pre‐existing valvular heart disease. Vigorous treatment of cannula infections is recommended.


OBJECTIVES
To assess elbow function, complications, and problems of radial head fractures associated with elbow dislocation receiving surgical treatment with a floating prosthesis.

DESIGN
Prospective clinical study.

SETTING
University Hospital, Orthopaedic Department, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium.

PATIENTS
Eleven consecutive adult patients were treated with a floating prosthesis for acute radial head fractures associated with elbow dislocation from January 1994 to September 1996.

INTERVENTION
The floating radial head prosthesis (Tornier SA, Saint-Ismier, France) was used in all our patients. The implant is in two parts: a radial head made of high-density polyethylene enclosed in a cobalt-chrome cup, which articulates in a semiconstrained manner with the spherical end of a cemented intramedullary stem. The implants were inserted within the first week following the injury (range 2 to 7 days). Three cases also required internal fixation of the coronoid process of the ulna; in one case plate fixation of an olecranon fracture was also performed.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
Patients were assessed by physical examination, a functional rating index (Morrey et al.), and radiographs. The parameters evaluated were motion, stability, pain, and grip strength. Potential complications such as infection, prosthetic failure, or dislocation were investigated.

RESULTS
The minimum follow-up time was two years (mean 32 months, range 24 to 56 months). Four patients were considered to have excellent results, four patients were considered to have good results, two patients had fair results, and one patient had a poor result. There were no cases of infection, prosthetic failure, or dislocation. No patient required prosthetic revision.

CONCLUSION
The basic principle of maintaining anatomic and physiologic relationships applies when deciding on treatment for radial head fractures with associated elbow dislocation. The loss of lateral osseous support will render the elbow grossly unstable. We believe that a floating prosthesis may be indicated in Mason Type III radial head fractures associated with elbow dislocation, especially in the presence of associated destabilizing fractures. Well-controlled comparative randomized studies will be needed to delineate the optimal treatment for a given situation.


XMM's optical system The exploded view of the XMM spacecraft shown in Figure 1 identifies the main elements of the optical system*. Three Mirror Modules (MM-1, 2 and 3), equipped with two Reflecting Grating Assemblies (RGA-1 and 2), and the self-contained Optical Monitor (OM) are mounted at the heart of the spacecraft. The optical system is completed by five Charge Coupled Device (CCD) detector cameras, of which three (EPCH and EMCH-2 and 3) are placed at the 'primary focus' of the respective Mirror Modules. The remaining two cameras (RFC-1 and 2) are suitably positioned at a 'secondary focus' on the imaginary 'Rowland circle', where the spectrum created by the two grating assemblies can be collected. Requirements and goals Pointing The pointing requirements originate from the scientists and have been thoroughly defined and negotiated between the Project and the instrument Principal Investigators early in XMM's design phase (Phase-B). Since a stringent pointing requirement is a direct cost driver, it was decided to split the scientists' demands into:


Feb. 2004 Vol. XXX No. 3 Dear Reader, This current issue of the Newsletter is on Sexual Partnership, Marriage and Family. The first essay concerns the decline of marriage and why fewer people choose to be married. The second essay is about the movement to open the benefits of marriage to gay people. The third essay tries to mediate this paradox. If marriage is less desirable for heterosexual people or is not living up to its promises, why are homosexual people so intent on joining a failing institution? The third essay argues that the focus on marriage is misplaced. The dividing line should not be between single and married but between parents and non-parents.


ABSTRACT A range of VR products offer a variety of "extreme" experiences, providing their users with access to numerous unforgiving environments and confronting situations. This paper explores how they intensify and extend the medium's capacity for interfering in and imposing upon individual and collective perception and sensation. It locates "extreme VR" within a genealogy of the medium's own preoccupation with sensorial intensities, exploring its potential to advance certain forms of control over audiences. Suggesting the designs of "extreme VR" as forms of training in intense synthetic stimulus, it considers how they might inform wider strategies for ordering and standardizing experiences and sensibilities at scale. Not only do these extreme forms of VR register a growing techno-industrial power to immerse, incorporate and influence, they also offer the means to habituate particular regimes of socio-sensorial experience.


NUNES, Valéria Fontoura. PUTNAM'S SOCIAL CAPITAL CATEGORY: outlining indexes to an institutional social responsibility to UNIPAMPA. 2014. 113f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Faculdade de Educação, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 2014. The institutional framework is created by several dimensions. They determine its didactic and pedagogical structure, its organization and management of the institution, planning, assessment and policies. The institutional policies aim at its internal public (teachers, education administrative technical department and students) and external (local community, social groups, municipal, state and federal governments). The social institution, such as public university and, in this case, the Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), acts along with the internal community, at the same time, assures the external community participation, which might give something back through projects and social contributions. The dissertation aims at outline the social capital indexes for the institutional social responsibility towards Universidade Federal do Pampa, having as reference Robert Putnam"s. The method applied in this work identified categories that appeared pre-analysis, by exploring the material and handling the results. Thus, the following categories are: (a) cooperation and (b) systems of participation. In this perspective, thinking about the institutional social responsibility of UNIPAMPA means to assume its commitment as social agent. In this way, the relationship network between the institution and the communities is based on human relations. Finally, it involves the consolidation of the social capital indexes outlined to the institutional social responsibility, which establishes such a social cohesion for public benefits.


With a few exceptions, no single unit has a large experience with transplantation in patients with abnormal bladders. Many of these patients will have been children with congenital abnormalities of the bladder but in whom the onset of end-stage renal failure and therefore the need for renal transplantation does not occur until adulthood. In the four articles in this forum, units with experience in this area (Italy, United Kingdom, and United States) review the literature on the subject and include their own experience. Certainly, an abnormal urinary bladder is no longer a contraindication to renal transplantation. In the past, urinary diversion has been the usual approach to bypassing the abnormal bladder. With the development of augmentation cystoplasty and clean intermittent self catheterization, both Franc-Guimond and Gonzalez from the United States and Capizzi and colleagues from Italy argue that augmentation cystoplasty for the small, noncompliant bladder allows the creation of a continent low-pressure reservoir into which the transplanted kidney can be drained. The results are comparable with those achieved in a normal bladder. On the other hand, Neild and colleagues from the United Kingdom describe their own large experience in which most patients have urinary diversions. They report comparable graft survival in the group with abnormal bladders with that in patients with normal bladders but with poorer renal function. Barry, based on considerable personal experience, discusses the evaluation of the lower urinary tract in patients with possible abnormal bladders and examines the technical problems and solutions encountered in the management of the patient with an abnormal bladder. It is clear that the child or adult with an abnormal bladder who is approaching end-stage renal failure needs careful evaluation of the lower urinary tract to plan the most satisfactory technical approach to the eventual renal transplant. If augmentation cystoplasty or urinary diversion is planned, into either a continent or incontinent reservoir, the surgery is best performed before renal transplantation. The use of prophylactic antibiotics for several months after transplantation is advocated by both the UK and the Italian group to reduce the incidence of urinary tract infection. All of the authors stress the need for careful follow-up of these patients if good results are to be achieved. Thus, the child or the adult with renal failure and an abnormal bladder can successfully receive a transplant with good long-term results, but no one technique for the urinary drainage of the transplanted kidney can be considered as a standard approach. Indeed, it may be that the approach should be customized for each patient.


A new procedure is developed which enables one to start from the quark and lepton mass and mixing data at the low scale and construct mass matrices which exhibit simple SO(10) structure at the SUSY GUT scale. This approach is applied to the present data involving quark and charged lepton masses, the CKM mixing matrix and the MSW solar neutrino and atmospheric neutrino depletion effects. In terms of just 12 model parameters suggested by the procedure for the 5 mass matrices, we can reproduce 15 masses and 8 mixing parameters remarkably consistent with the input starting values.


If an owner withholds information that materially affects a project, it could end up paying a judgment whether it withheld the data deliberately or not.


Globalization has significantly transformed the labour market structure in developing countries during the past few decades. The central feature of the transformation is women's increased participation in industry or services sector jobs from traditional agriculture sector in India. However, scholars and policy makers have been debating about quality (good or bad) of these jobs. In particular, manufacturing jobs are often cited as "good or quality jobs" as it provides higher benefits and paid more to the workers than the other sectors of the economy. But over the years, the increasing adoption of flexible practices for hiring women workers by manufacturing firms raises questions about its quality. In this context, the present paper attempts to explore the jobs quality for women in manufacturing sector in India. The analysis will be based on various rounds of National Sample Survey, Government of India, data and few case studies of women workers in the electronics manufacturing sector. It will help in bridging the gap in existing literature and will help policy makers to get better understanding on the women's employment status in Indian manufacturing sector.


Task-based language teaching is a foreign language teaching method evolved from 1980s,which is widely accepted by linguists and foreign language teachers.From the theoretical basis for the formation and implementation of models,this paper explores the application of the task-based language teaching method into the English classroom teaching to further validate the advantages of this teaching method.


Wireless sensor networks require robust wireless communication protocols that are energy efficient and provide low latency.This paper analyzes the traditional LEACH protocol and proposed a modified algorithm.clustering considers the state of node and energy cost speed,it is calculating the energy consumption of each hundred round of the network,dynamically adjust the clustering strategies to reduce the whole cost.New algorithm includes clustering,cluster routing,cluster-head local adjustment and data transfer.Network data transfer by single hop or multi-hop.Simulation results show that improved algorithm can effectively reduce the energy consumption and extend the network life.


Over the last decades, environmental changes driven and/or compounded by population pressures and climate change have dramatically impacted human mobility, including population displacements or migration, especially in developing countries. Slow onset degradation processes (aridification, desertification, wind and water erosion, deforestation, shoreline erosion, etc.) and sudden disasters (extreme climate events such as floods, droughts, storms, heat waves, etc.) have intensified since the 1950s in terms of frequency, intensity and duration, as well as in their socio-economic consequences. In the absence of an international objective to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, global warming and its wide range of negative impacts are not likely to be contained in the future.


In the Mediterranean area, patients with LTP syndrome who are sensitized to multiple allergens are often tested for sIgE using multiplex platforms. The results obtained from different commercial platforms are not interchangeable, so it is important to compare and validate the platform selected for use. The objective of this study is to compare and validate the performance of the ImmunoCAP ISAC E112i and the macroarray ALEX2 in our daily practice.


The invention discloses a preparation method of 2, 3, 5-trimethyl benzoquinone (TMBQ), which comprises the following steps of: (1) mixing CuCl2 and/or CoCl2, ferric chloride and triethylamine hydrochloride, evenly stirring and preparing a composite catalyst; (2) dissolving trimethylolpropane (TMP) in an organic solvent and preparing a TMP organic solvent solution; and (3) adding the prepared composite catalyst into the TMP organic solvent solution, stirring, evenly mixing, heating until backflow, dropwise adding a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution and then carrying out reaction for 2-8hours at the temperature of 20-80 DEG C, and cooling the reaction solution to room temperature; and finally obtaining the TMBQ product after separating and purifying. The preparation method of the 2, 3, 5- TMBQ adopts TMP catalytic oxidation for one-step synthesis of TMBQ, and is a green technology, the oxidizing agent and solvent which are adopted by the preparation method have the advantages of being low in toxicity and harmless, the composite catalyst has high activity, and the transformation rates of the TMP and the selectivity of the TMBQ are high.


This essay looks at the historical significance of an APS classic paper that is freely available online: Motley HL, Cournand A, Werko L, Himmelstein A, and Dresdale D. The influence of short period...


The present paper deals with the monthly interva l variation of limnochemical characteristics of river Betwa during October 2011 to August 2012. Five major s ampling station (10 sites) were selected, stat ion- I Jhirri (1 to 2 sites), station- II Nayapura (3 to 4 sites) , station- III Mandideep (5 to 6 sites), statio n- IV Bhojpur (7 to 8 sites), station- V Vidisha (9 to 10 sites). Vari ous physico-chemical parameters like temperature , pH, hardness, Dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were measured, and standard methods were apply in the present work. Stud ies revealed high values of hardness, BOD and COD at station II Nayapura and station III mandideep, and low values of DO and pH at the statio n, where station I Jhirri, IV Bhojpur, and Vidisha low values of hardness, BOD and COD. High value of hardness, BOD and COD indicate the river water polluted at sta tion II Nayapura and station III Mandideep.


OBJECTIVE
To observe the therapeutic effect of Fufang Cangzhu Tang (Composite Atractylodes Decoction) on senile obesity or overweight with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

METHODS
32 cases of senile obesity or overweight with IGT were treated with Composite Atractylodes Decoction, with another 30 cases treated with dimethyldiguanide as the controls. Changes of body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip circumference ratio (WHR), glucose tolerance, fast serum insulin and blood lipid before and after treatment were compared.

RESULTS
After treatment, the body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and WHR, glucose tolerance, fast serum insulin and blood lipid in the Composite Atractylodes Decoction treatment group decreased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), with no significant difference as compared with the control group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Composite Atractylodes Decoction can obviously decrease the body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, glucose tolerance, fast serum insulin and blood lipid in the senile patients with obesity or overweight with impaired glucose tolerance.


Abstract A function f with bounded variation and integrable Hilbert transform of df is locally absolutely continuous. We give a direct real-valued proof of this result and connect it with integrability problems for the Fourier transform of a function with bounded variation, in particular, with a Hardy–Littlewood theorem.


Otorhinolaryngology is a very broad speciality with six subspecialties recognized by the Royal Colleges. These include otology, rhinology, laryngology, head and neck surgery, facial plastics and paediatrics, however each of these is then further subspecialised. The scope of the speciality has changed over the last twenty years with increasing integration with other head and neck specialities and with other specialities such as oncology and radiology. The spectrum of disease and the number of treatment modalities is also increasing with otorhinolaryngology being at the forefront of technical innovations such as robotic surgery and 3D endoscopy. So if you thought all we did was remove tonsils and stop nose bleeds...things have changed.


The paper presents the results of research and analysis of the currently most popular renewable energy sector, i.e. microgeneration. It is developed at the lowest level of the entire cycle of generation, transmission, distribution and consumption of energy, i.e. at the level of its customers. It is an important component of civic energy, in which the existing consumer (private person, local government unit, business entity, etc.) also becomes an energy producer and an active partner of the energy sector in local energy management. It acts to improve the efficiency of energy use, thus obtaining certain financial, energy and environmental benefits. The article presents the material results of RES energy use in the microgeneration of power and heat in the Siedlce subregion (52 municipalities – 16.5% of all the municipalities of Mazovia Province). It allowed gaining practical experience allowing to extend the research to other subregions of the region. The influence of national legal conditions, statutory support system, planning and organizational activities of the self-government and the municipalities of Mazovia Province on the development of local microgeneration (on the municipal level) was investigated. Basic local conditions were analysed, i.e. economic (municipal incomes), technical (municipal energy profiles, conditions of distribution net- works), construction and environmental. Numerous positive factors influencing the development of the sector were highlighted, but real limitations were also clearly indicated. The sources of information included basic legal acts of the national level, programming, planning and strategic documents of the regional and municipal level, data of the Central Statistical Office [GUS] and energy companies and information obtained from the survey conducted by the municipalities. There are no specialized and detailed publications on the practical results of the development of this energy sector at the Mazovian municipalities level. This article is intended to fill this gap. An author's attempt was made to determine the real place and role of this energy sector in achieving national RES targets in the 2020–2030 period. It was based on the conducted analyses and the latest legislative and organizational actions of the government aimed at facilitating the development of prosumer microgeneration.


The study's main objective was to assess any pathophysiological significance of Acacia nilotica pods aqueous extract and Albizia lebbeck stem bark methanolic extract on the reproductive system of female multimammate rats (Mastomys natalensis). A total of 60 sexually mature female rats were randomized into a 2 × 3 factorial experimental design for treatments (Control, A. nilotica, and A. lebbeck) and treatment duration (7 or 14 days). Control rats consumed basal feed only, whereas extract-treated rats consumed the basal feed containing 2% w/w of either of the two plant extracts. At the end of treatment duration, treated female rats were cohabited with males for 16 days and sacrificed 20 days after the first day of cohabitation. Parameters including pregnancy rates, number of fetal implantations, possible resorption sites and fetal litter size were assessed at necropsy. Further post-necropsy parameters were evaluated in ovaries including the ovarian weights, follicular and corpora lutea numbers and general histopathology. Results showed that pregnancy percentages, the number of fetal implantations and fetal litter size were significantly reduced (P 0.05). However, the number of corpora lutea of pregnancy was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in ovaries of rats under extract treatments than in their control counterparts. Instead, ovaries of rats receiving the two extracts contained a larger number of degenerating follicles, signifying halted ovulatory and conception activities. The current study has demonstrated that dietary inclusion of crude extracts from A. nilotica pods and A. lebbeck stem bark can lead to decreased fertility success rates in M. natalensis female rats through suppression of ovulatory activities and induction of follicular atresia.

 Key words: Rodent pests, medicinal plants, fertility success, reproductive system.


The F5 algorithm Faugere (2002) is generally believed as one of the fastest algorithms for computing Grobner bases. However, its termination issue is still unclear. More recently, an algorithm GVW Gao et al. (2010) and its variant GVWHS Volny (2011) have been proposed, and their efficiency are comparable to the F5 algorithm. Though the termination for the GVWHS algorithm is solved, one can find in this paper that the termination can also be proved without using the property "compatible" in Volny (2011). In the paper, we clarify the concept of an admissible module order. For the first time, the connection between the reducible and rewritable check is discussed here. For an admissible monomial order and an admissible module order, we prove that the GVWHS algorithm is correct and terminates for any polynomial ideals. What is more, it can be seen that the GVWHS is in fact a F5-like algorithm. By using the similarity between the GVWHS algorithm and the F5B algorithm in Sun and Wang (2010), we solve the termination and correctness of the F5B algorithm. And we notice that the original F5 algorithm in Faugere (2002) is slightly differ from the F5B algorithm in the rewritten criterion. Exploring the potential ordering on Rule of the original F5 algorithm, we finally prove the long standing open problem - the termination of the original F5 algorithm.


Safety-critical Java (SCJ) is designed to enable development of applications that are amenable to certification under safety-critical standards. However, its shared-memory concurrency model causes several problems such as data races, deadlocks, and priority inversion. We propose therefore a dataflow design model of SCJ applications in which periodic and aperiodic tasks communicate only through lock-free channels. We provide the necessary tools that compute scheduling parameters of tasks (i.e. periods, phases, priorities, etc) so that uniprocessor/multiprocessor preemptive fixed-priority schedulability is ensured and the throughput is maximized. Furthermore, the resulted schedule together with the computed channel sizes ensure underflow/overflow-free communications. The scheduling approach consists in constructing an abstract affine schedule of the dataflow graph and then concretizing it.


This special edition provides a compendium of information about global and human rights challenges facing psychiatry and the steps required to meet those challenges. It focuses on the ethical issues that rise from cultural disadvantages experienced by psychiatric patients or prospective patients, including discrimination and inequalities in access to care, and on the vulnerabilities and needs of special groups. This collection should pull at us; it should make us quite unsettled – uncomfortable with the state of mental health sciences, services, and suffering throughout the world. It is a call to action for the profession, in concert with primary health care providers, health care leaders, administrators, legislators, the media, patient advocacy groups and other interested parties. The virtues of compassion, self-sacrifice, selfeffacement, and integrity constitute the bedrock of an ethical approach to the clinical and administrative practice of psychiatry (McCullough, 1997, 1998; McCullough & Chervenak, 1994). We are entrusted with protecting and promoting the interests of patients and practising medicine to the highest intellectual standards. The articles published in this special edition well illustrate these virtues, even if these have not been explicitly identified. Compassion promotes the relief of pain and suffering through identification with patients' distress. Self-sacrifice is the routine willingness of physicians to take risks in their own lives to protect and promote the interests of patients. Self-effacement enables physicians to set aside their own concerns and to put aside differences such as ethnicity, social class, and economic status when these should not count as clinically relevant. Integrity commits physicians to practise with the highest intellectual and moral standards. Together these virtues obligate us as mental health professionals to bring our best efforts to identify and relieve suffering, to search for novel therapies, to advocate for our patients, and to improve the quality of their lives within the constraints of our moral authority and expertise. The articles are presented in three groups. The first concerns global issues in mental health care, including health disparities and mental illness throughout the world, stigma, mental health care in lowand middle-income countries and in marginalized populations. The second concerns special groups such as children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders, old-age patients, patients with addictions, and patients with neuropsychiatric diseases, as well as cultural aspects of suicide. The first two sections thus deal with the concerns of individuals with mental illness and other situational sources of vulnerability or injustice in life. The third discusses requirements for ethics training to meet the challenges identified by our authors in responding to the many millions of people throughout the world who live with mental illness and its consequences.


Ackerly. S. C. 1992 07 15: Morphogenetic regulation in the shells of bivalves and brachiopods: evidence from the geometry of the spiral.

Analyses of the spiral geometry in shells of the mollusc Pecten maximus and the brachiopod Terebratulina retusa indicate a relative reduction in morphological variability within the population during growth. The spiral, as measured by a model of exponential radial expansion, tends to converge on a particular adult form, irrespective of irregularities during early growth phases. The recurrence of this pattern of variability in populations from two separate phyla (molluscs and brachiopods) suggests a common mechanism controlling shell form. Brachiopoda. Mollusca, coiling, spiral. morphogenetic regulation, growth.


Castleman disease (CD) is a group of lymphoproliferative disorders with common lymph node histological features. It may be either unicentric or multicentric. Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) is localized and carries an excellent prognosis, whereas multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is a systemic disease occurring most commonly in the setting of HIV infection and is associated with human herpesvirus 8.1Castleman disease in the abdomen and pelvis is rare and liable to misdiagnosis, but its characteristic imaging features can help in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.2Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) is rare, and there are no reliable estimates of its incidence in the population. While UCD can occur at any age, it is generally a disease of younger adults. The median age at presentation is approximately 35 years.3, 4


Due to the large scale and decentralized nature of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, it is prohibitively expensive to test a P2P algorithm by deploying it on real-world networks and obtaining data on its performance. To be able to conduct research on evaluation of P2P protocols, simulation is often used as it can provide beneficial results without the expense of creating a real network. P2P networks can make use of a wide variety of protocols to locate resources such as data files and other peer nodes on the network. In the last decade, numerous studies have been performed to address the problem of resource discovery in P2P networks. The goal of this research is to simulate a selection of P2P overlay networking protocols in an attempt to evaluate and compare their performance in a dynamic environment.


The study was conducted to assess plaque and gingival scores among orphans and parented children. This study was planned in an Orphanage school and a Private school. A total of 84 subjects were examined including 30 orphans and 54 school students. A modified Index of Loe and Silness was used to score condition of gingival levels. Similarly the plaque index developed by Silness and Loe used for the assessment of plaque levels. A periodontal probe was used for gingival index and a dental explorer for evaluating plaque scores. Chi-square test was applied to compare the values of plaque and gingival index at p value ≤ 0.05. More than half of the orphans (56.7%) and school children (55.6%) had mild type of gingivitis. The level of gingivitis was increasing with advancing age among orphanage children. The school children had worse plaque scores compared to orphans. The frequency of moderate plaque values enhanced with growing age in school going children. Orphans have a higher gingival index than children residing with their parents. Thus there should be adequate dental health educational programs for these children as well as for their parents or caregivers to improve the quality of oral health.


The Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt kinase cascades are pivotal in transmitting signals from membrane receptors to transcription factors which regulate growth, apoptosis and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Previously we determined that activated Raf-1 or Akt expression by themselves, did not relieve cytokine-dependence of FL5.12 hematopoietic cells. However, when activated forms were introduced and activated in the same cell, cytokine-dependence was relieved. This was determined with conditionally active forms of Raf (Raf-1:AR) and Akt (Akt:ER) that are activated upon testosterone (binds AR) and tamoxifen (binds ER) treatment respectively. Upon hormone deprivation for 24 hrs, FL/Akt:ER+Raf-1:AR cells exited the cell cycle and underwent apoptosis. The effects of Raf, Akt and cytokines on cell cycle progression, prevention of apoptosis, downstream signal transduction pathways and chemotherapeutic drug resistance were examined. Activation of Raf or Akt individually suppressed but did not totally inhibit apoptosis, while their simultaneous activation prevented apoptosis. Activation of Raf was associated with cell cycle progression and prevention of caspase 3 activation. In fact, Raf activation by itself resulted in a more potent induction of cell cycle progression than when Raf and Akt were both activated but Akt activation was required for the long term growth of the cells. Treatment with either MEK or mTOR inhibitors suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis and their combined treatment had a synergistic effect. Parental FL5.12 cells normally undergo G1 arrest after doxorubicin treatment and G2/M arrest after paclitaxel treament for 24 to 48 hrs. The FL/Akt:ER+Raf-1:AR cells are more resistant to these drugs and did not display as dramatic G1 or G2/M arrests after either doxorubicin or paclitaxel treatment respectively. Stable drug resistant FL/Akt:ER+Raf-1:AR cells were obtained by culturing the cells under limiting dilution conditions in the presence of 10 to 50 nM doxorubicin. These cells also displayed resistance to paclitaxel. Activation of Raf in the drug resistant cells increased the IC50 for doxorubicin 80-fold as compared to when it was not activated or when just Akt was activated. In contrast, activation of Raf in the unselected FL/Akt:ER+Raf-1:AR cells increased the IC50 for doxorubicin 10-fold. The drug resistant and drug sensitive cells displayed activation of p53 phosphorylation at S15 in response to doxorubicin indicating that the drug resistant cells did not become drug resistant by an altered p53 response. Both drug sensitive and resistant cells induced ERK upon Raf activation or doxorubicin treatment. Higher levels of the MRP-1 drug pump and p27Kip1 CDK inhibitor were detected in the drug resistant cells in response to Raf-1 activation than in the drug sensitive cells. The effects of MEK and mTOR inhibitors on the sensitivity to doxorubicin and paclitaxel were examined to determine the efficacy of combining classical chemotherapy with targeted therapy. MEK inhibitors efficiently induced apoptosis in the presence of doxorubicin or paclitaxel while the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin was less effective. Thus the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is associated with cell cycle progression, prevention of caspase 3 activation and subsequent apoptosis and increase in MRP-1 and p27Kip1 expression in drug resistant cells. The Akt pathway is necessary for long term proliferation in the presence and absence of doxorubicin.


The sugar and chlorophyll content of alcoholic extracts of oven-dried and lyophilized leaves of Digitalis purpurea and Digitalis lutea are reported. Freeze-drying preserves more total chlorophyll and chlorophyll "a" than oven-drying. Little difference in chlorophyll "b" was observed with material dried by either method. Oven-drying increases the-amount of sugars extracted with alcohol U. S. P. from Digitalis lutea. Freeze-drying does not have any more effect than oven-drying on the amount of carbohydrate material extracted with alcohol U. S. P. from Digitalis purpurea.


Flight Lieutenant Dan McKernan and crew. (210 Squadron Liberators) Back row L-R: Flight Officer Phil Kirkpatrick, wireless operator, NSW; Flight Officer Mac Ashcroft, waist gunner, NSW; Sergeant Jack Stead, nose gunner, NSW; Sergeant Johnny Bowman, tail gunner, Vic; Sergeant Bob Steel engineer, SA; Sergeant Maurie Wells, ball turret gunner, NSW. Front row L-R: Sergeant Jack Steel Navigator, WA; Flight Lieutenant Dan McKernan, Captain, Vic.; Warrant Officer Mick Powell, second pilot, WA; Sergeant George White, bombardier, WA. NOTE: McKernan's aircraft was in the first flight led by the Commanding Officer of 21 Squadron, Squadron Leader Black, when 21 Liberators from 21, 23, and 24 Squadrons bombed Balik Papan on July first.


Most exercise is safe for pregnant women. In fact, daily exercise during your pregnancy can help you and your baby be healthier and might decrease your chance of having some problems during pregnancy. If you had a medical problem before you became pregnant or have had complications during your pregnancy, you should talk about the safety of exercise with your health care provider before you start any activity.


Traditional reliable broadcast protocols fail to scale to large settings. The paper proposes a reliable multicast protocol that integrates two approaches to deal with the large-scale dimension in group communication protocols: gossip-based probabilistic broadcast and semantic reliability. The aim of the resulting protocol is to improve the resiliency of the probabilistic protocol to network congestion by allocating scarce resources to semantically relevant messages. Although intuitively it seems that a straightforward combination of probabilistic and semantic reliable protocols is possible, we show that it offers disappointing results. Instead, we propose an architecture based on a specialized probabilistic semantically reliable layer and show that it produces the desired results. The combined primitive is thus scalable to large number of participants, highly resilient to network and process failures, and delivers a high quality data flow even when the load exceeds the available bandwidth. We present a summary of simulation results that compare different protocol configurations.


A number of fused silica samples were evaluated for their resistance to densification by deep UV radiation at 193 nm wavelength. Density changes for all the samples equal the product of a material dependent constant and the absorbed two-photon dose to a sublinear power of about 2/3. This dose dependence is consistent with earlier compaction studies using UV, electron, and gamma radiation. We also studied the isothermal-annealing behavior of UV-induced compaction in fused silica and found a correlation between thermal recovery of compaction and the compaction rates for different fused silica samples. Preheat-treatment at 950 °C for 1 h increased the UV-induced compaction rate of two types of fused silica samples, but did not affect that of the other two types of samples. Based on these experimental observations and the well-accepted network structure model of glasses, we propose a model to explain the sublinear power dependence on absorbed radiation dose for the ionization-induced compaction.


This paper presents a new method in fingerspelling recognition in highly dynamic video sequences. Sign language videos are labeled only in a video sequence level. A deep learning network extracts spatial features of video frames with the AlexNet and uses them to derive a language model with the Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) network. The results of this deep learning network are the predicted fingerspelling gestures at a frame level. The recognition results of testing video sequences with 100 percent accuracy are used to improve spatial features of video frames. We construct a Siamese network from the recognition results in the first recognition pass. A network deployed in the Siamese network is the ResNet-50. We employ the Siamese network to derive the efficient representation of each fingerspelling gesture. The derived features corresponding to each video frame are fed to the LSTM network to predict fingerspelling gestures. Our proposed method can outperform state of the art fingerspelling recognition algorithms by almost four percent in recognition accuracy from our experimental results.


Objective:TostudythemechanicalpropertiesofanewtitaniumalloywithTi-12.5Zr-3Nb-2.5Sn.Methods:Samples of a newly developed Ti-Zr-Nb-Sn alloy were prepared.The mechanical properties were measured by tensile test.The microstructure and microhardness profile of the specimen section were measured by metallurgical microscope and microhardness test meter.Results:The data of the tensile strength (MPa),yield strength (MPa),elongation(%),elastic modulus (GPa) and microhardness (HV) of the Ti-Zr-Nb-Sn alloy were 671.3,561.5,18.1,92.5 and 250.7 respectively.The microstructure showed fine crystal grains.Conclusion:The microstructure and the mechanical properties of the Ti-Zr-Nb-Sn alloy may meet the requirement for dental restoration


Objective
To investigate whether topical anesthesia of endotracheal and laryngopharynx through tracheal tubing inhibits cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation.

Methods
Forty ASA grade Ⅰand Ⅱ patients(20-60 y) subjected to elective orthopedic surgery were assigned into test and control group(n=20). After anesthesia with midazolam, sufentanil, etomidate and vecuronium, manual ventilation was performed for 3 min. Then, a triplet tracheal tube was inserted from mouth into endotracheal within 30 s, and 1% tetracaine was quickly delivered into endotracheal and laryngopharynx through two tubes attached on the ventilation tube of the triplet tube. The tube was retained for mechanical ventilation throughout the operation. SBP, DBP, HR, epinephrine(E), noradrenaline(NE) and cortiso (Cor) were measured when patients entered into surgery room (T0), just before (T1) and after (T2) endotracheal, and 1 (T3), 3 (T4) min, and 5 (T5) min after intubation.

Results
Compared with levels at T0, SBPs were significantly increased(17%) only at T2 in test group(P 0.05) , but were significant increased by 18% (P<0.01) and 14% (P<0.05) at T2 and T3, respectively, in control group. Levels of serum E and NE in test group were significantly lower than those of control group at T3 and T5(P<0.05), and levels of serum Cor in test group were significantly lower than those of control group at T5(P<0.01).

Conclusions
Endotracheal and laryngopharynx topical anesthesia with tetracaine through modified tracheal tube markedly inhibited cardiovascular responses following endotracheal intubation.

Key words:
Triplet tracheal tube; Topical anesthesia; Tracheal intubation; Cardiovascular responses; Catecholamine


The economic value of irrigation water to horticultural producers in southern Spain is examined using a choice experiment. Marginal water values are found to be typically above those currently paid and to increase with holding size. Potential gains from trade are identified but this would entail the transfer of water and production from smaller to larger holdings. Uncertainty in future irrigation water allocations is also examined. We find producers to be strongly risk averse in their preferences towards water allocations, with significant heterogeneity in the valuation of reduced uncertainty regarding future water allocations. Oxford University Press and Foundation for the European Review of Agricultural Economics 2010; all rights reserved. For permissions, please email email@example.com, Oxford University Press.


This paper investigates the efficacy of Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS) to monitor the critical landslides in Nainital township and adjoining areas of state of Uttarakhand, India which has problems due to inadequate drainage management system, seismically active Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) passing from the area, unwanted construction on highly unstable slopes and low insitu strength of rocks. In this research work, 13 descending ENVISAT ASAR C-Band images of Nainital acquired between October 2008 to August 2010 are processed to study the PS-InSAR time series analysis for measuring surface displacement. The case study indicates that StaMPS efficiently extracted sufficient number of PS pixels and detected the slow movement occurring in some regions. In the study area, few critical zones are also identified where time series 1D-Line of Sight (LOS) displacement map shows the maximum deformation (away from the satellite) of about 17 mm/year.


Both trigonometric and rational solutions to the spectrum-dependent Yang-Baxter equation are presented for the minimal representations of the quantum exceptional E6 and E7 universal enveloping algebras.


Big data has unlocked a new opening in healthcare. Thanks to the considerable benefits and opportunities, it has attracted the momentous attention of all the stakeholders in the healthcare industry. This chapter aims to provide an overall but thorough understanding of healthcare big data. The chapter covers the 10 'V's of healthcare big data as well as different healthcare data analytics including predictive and prescriptive analytics. The obvious advantages of implementing big data technologies in healthcare are meticulously described. The application areas and a good number of practical use cases are also discussed. Handling big data always remains a big challenge. The chapter identifies all the possible challenges in realizing the benefits of healthcare big data. The chapter also presents a brief survey of the tools and platforms, architectures, and commercial infrastructures for healthcare big data.


This article is a guide to studies on housing in Brazil. It offers an overview of the literature and a discussion on the main topics of interest to researchers. The first studies date back to the 1950s and 1960s, but the given bibliography dates from 1970 since this was when housing studies became a specific area of study. The literature, now quite substantial, is the result of a variety of research and analytical approaches.' Much of the stimulus to the studies has come from the universities owing to the development of post-graduate courses in social sciences and urban planning. An increasing number of studies are also being financed by different governmental agencies. The contribution of foreign scholars, especially in relation to studies on the favela (squatter settlements), should also be noted.


Many natural compounds are attached to sugars, and this influences their biological activities by altering molecular and cellular specificities. Among the different sugar moieties found in natural compounds, deoxyand aminosugars display the most variation. Here, we report that flavonoid deoxyaminosugar conjugates, which are rare in nature can be produced in an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing a glycosyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Flavonoids are synthesized mainly in plants and have diverse physiological impacts on humans. Most natural flavonoids are conjugated to sugars. The sugar moiety affects the absorption of flavonoids in the small intestine. Naturally occurring flavonoid sugar conjugates include glucoside, galactoside, glucuronide, rhamnoside, xyloside, and arabinoside. Flavonoid deoxyaminosugar conjugates have not been found in nature. The biosynthesis of flavonoid–sugar conjugates utilizes uridine-diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs). UGTs from various plants and microorganisms have been characterized. UGTs from plants show sugar–donor and sugar–acceptor selectivity. Thus, regioselectivity is an important advantage of in vitro enzymatic synthesis or in vivo synthesis by using bacteria expressing UGTs over chemical synthesis. However, it is difficult to synthesize unusual sugar conjugates by these routes without understanding the specificity of UGTs. To synthesize a flavonoid deoxyaminosugar conjugate, we examined UDP–sugar metabolism in Escherichia coli and the sugar specificity of UGTs. Several nucleotide sugars, including UDP-glucose, UDP-glucuronic acid, TDP-rhamnose, or UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, are present naturally in E. coli. Among them is the unusual deoxyamino sugar, UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-l-arabinose (UDP-l-Ara4FN). Starting from UDP-glucose, three genes, ugd (UDP-glucose dehydrogenase), arnA (UDP-l-Ara4N formyltransferase/ UDP-GlcA C-4"-decarboxylase) and arnB (UDP-l-Ara4O C-4" transaminase), are involved in the biosynthesis of UDP-lAra4FN (Scheme 1). ArnA converts UDP–glucuronic acid into UDP-4''-ketopentose, which is the first committed step for UDP–4-amino-4-deoxy-arabinoside. ArnB transfers an amino group to form UDP–4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (UDP-Ara-4N). ArnA further converts UDP–Ara-4-N to UDP–l-Ara4FN. It is assumed that this pathway could provide the sugar donor for the biosynthesis of a flavonoid–Ara4FN conjugate. UDP-l-Ara4FN is a derivative of UDP-arabinose. Most plant UGTs have selectivity for UDP–glucose. However, a UGT from Arabidopsis thaliana, AtUGT78D3, has specificity for UDP-arabinose and uses quercetin as a sugar acceptor to make quercetin–3-O-arabinoside. To examine whether AtUGT78D3 could use UDP–l-Ara4FN, we carried out molecular docking with the modeled structure of AtUGT78D3. We used this approach because UDP–l-Ara4FN is not commercially available. The structure of AtUGT78D3 was built by using molecular modeling. UDP–l-Ara4FN or UDP–arabinose was docked into the mod-


Background: While the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in Egypt is relatively high, data on the awareness of Egyptians about the cause of RHD are lacking. Methods: Using a pre-tested questionnaire, we performed a multicenter survey of outpatients attending 15 university hospitals across Egypt. Results: A total of 6958 participants were interviewed. Most subjects (81.7%) reported a previous experience of sore throat. Seeking treatment, most patients (69.3%) consulted a medical professional, while the others relied on self/peer medication. Individuals consulting a physician received antibiotics more frequently than those who did not (89.1 vs. 38.7%; OR: 12.4, 95% CI 10.8–14.1). The median RHD knowledge score in our sample was 4 (IQR = 6). While most subjects (56.3%) claimed knowledge of the complications of an untreated sore throat, only a third (34%) were aware of the association between sore throat and RHD. In a multivariate analysis, older age (Mean Difference [MD]: 1.58, 95% CI 1.37–1.79), female gender (MD: 0.89, 95% CI 0.75–1.04), higher education (MD: 1.10, 95% CI 0.90–1.30), and being interviewed outside Cairo (MD: 0.67, 95% CI 0.51–0.82) were significant predictors of knowledge about RHD. Conclusion: The current study showed low levels of awareness on the cause of RHD among Egyptians and highlights a pressing need for interventions to address this public knowledge gap.


Moringa seed oil (MSO) was used as a feed additive to evaluate its potential to manipulate rumen fermentation and productive performance in lactating Ossimi ewes. Cold extracted MSO was supplemented at four different levels (1, 2, 3, and 4%) in diet using in vitro batch culture system for optimizing best supplementation level for sheep. Results of in vitro study revealed non-significant (P>0.05) effect of MSO on true dry matter degradability (TDMD) up to 3% inclusion level, however, decrease in TDMD was observed by 4% MSO supplementation as compared to control and other treatment groups. Accumulated gas production was significantly (P 0.05) affected by treatment. Our study revealed that MSO could be used as a natural fat supplement to meet energy requirements of lactating sheep. Moreover, antioxidants and other bioactive compounds, present in MSO can effectively modulate rumen fermentation which makes it a potential alternative of chemical feed additives (especially antibiotics) to improve feed digestibility and utilization for increasing animal productivity.


The invention discloses lever type comprehensive oil extracting equipment which comprises a motor, a transmission mechanism, a reduction box, a camshaft, a connecting rod, a walking beam, a support, horseheads, suspension ropes and a connecting base, wherein each horsehead is respectively arranged on the two ends of the walking beam, the motor, the transmission mechanism and the reduction box are arranged at the bottom of the support, the output shaft of the reduction box is connected with the camshaft, the camshaft is connected with the lower end of the connecting rod, the upper end of the connecting rod is connected with the bottom part of one side of the walking beam through the connecting base, and the two suspension ropes are respectively arranged on the two horseheads. The bottom parts of the two suspension ropes are connected with oil extracting rods, the bottom parts of the oil extracting rods are connected with oil extracting pumps, and the working area proportion of the left oil extracting pump and the right oil extracting pump is inverse to the well pressure proportion of a left oil well and a right oil well. A rotating shaft is arranged between the walking beam and the support, and the distance proportion of the rotating shaft to the left suspension rope and the right suspension rope is inverse to the working tension proportion of the left suspension rope and the right suspension rope. The lever type comprehensive oil extracting equipment is used for simultaneously extracting the two oil wells, the horseheads work in the up-and-down moving process, a frequency changer is not needed, the oil extracting efficiency is improved, and the extracting energy consumption is reduced.


Movement of the renminbi (RMB) exchange rate is not only affected by economic factors, but also by political factors home and aboard. This paper analyzes the transmission mechanism of political cycles on the RMB exchange rate first, and then sets up a i°political cycle spillover effect modeli± followed by an empirical analysis. We find that: (1) the US political cycle has a direct effect on the RMB exchange rate in the short run, which is mainly transmitted by capital flows and Chinai¯s exchange rate policy control; (2) the RMB exchange rate changes periodically in accordance with the US presidential election and midterm election cycle, with the appreciation ratio significantly lower in the first year of the election cycle, while significantly higher in the year after the midterm election; (3) The effect of the political cycle will not be affected by which party holds power, though it will be affected if the president and parliament are ruled by the same party. This paper not only extends the research of the influencing factors of the RMB exchange rate to the political field, but also sets up a use theoretical model to analyze the impact of political issues on the RMB exchange rate, providing a new perspective to fully understand the external environment of RMB exchange rate reform.


In this article, numerical simulation of transient liquid phase bonding of ceramic/metal joint has been carried out by using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software. To increase the wettability, aluminium sheet was used as an interlayer. Hence, numerical simulation of TLP bonding process is done by varying the bonding temperature. Transient thermal analysis had been carried out for each cases and temperature distribution was predicted by the developed numerical model. From the simulation studies, it is found that the decrease in bonding temperature enhances favourable temperature distribution and eventually improves the joint efficiency of graphite/copper joints.


Background COPD patients often have cardiac comorbidities. Cardiac involvement at the time of a COPD exacerbation is associated with a high short-term mortality, but whether this influences long-term outcomes is unknown. We explored whether biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction at the time of a COPD exacerbation predict long-term outcomes. Methods Two prospective cohorts of patients admitted to Waikato Hospital for exacerbations of COPD were recruited during 2006–2007 and 2012–2013. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and troponin T were measured on admission and were used to indicate cardiac stretch and myocardial injury, respectively. 5-year survival after discharge and subsequent admissions for cardiac disease and COPD exacerbations were analysed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards tests. Results The overall 5-year mortality was 61%. Patients with high NT-proBNP on admission had higher mortality than those with normal cardiac biomarkers (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.76, 95% CI 1.18–2.62). High NT-proBNP was also associated with a higher risk of future cardiac admissions (aHR 1.75, 95% CI 1.2–2.55). Troponin T levels were not associated with long-term survival (aHR 0.86, 95% CI 0.40–1.83) or future cardiac admissions (aHR 0.74, 95% CI 0.34–1.57). Neither biomarker predicted future COPD exacerbations. Conclusion The long-term prognosis following a hospitalisation for an exacerbation of COPD is poor with less than half of patients surviving for 5 years. Elevated NT-proBNP at the time of a COPD exacerbation is associated with higher long-term mortality and a greater likelihood of future cardiac admissions, but not future COPD exacerbations. Elevated NT-proBNP at the time of #AECOPD is associated with higher long-term mortality and a greater likelihood of future cardiac admissions, but not future COPD exacerbations https://bit.ly/37wnRQP


The starting point for this book is the premise that the workplace is the natural location for learning, but that the process of learning through and at work does not necessarily come naturally. Raelin's objective is to show how the everyday work activities in which we engage provide the framework within which both individual and organisational learning can occur, and to explain the range of approaches which can be used to create a workplace learning environment. This book provides a practical guide for those engaged in business development, primarily from the standpoint of organisational development professionals, but it will also be of interest to those public and private sector educators and trainers concerned with workforce development and the nature and potential of the workplace as a learning environment. It is not concerned with the practicalities of delivering work-based learning (WBL) programmes per se, rather with establishing and promoting the workplace as a legitimate and essential learning environment. Raelin balances context, discussion and theory (Chapters 1-4) with practical explanation and guidance (Chapters 5-11), delicately seasoned throughout with wide-ranging examples and case studies which demonstrate the global application of the approaches described. Comprehensive notes and references are provided on a chapter by chapter basis and the index cross-references cited authors; however, a separate alphabetical bibliography of sources is not provided and this would have been a useful addition.


High-velocity clouds (HVCs) are HI clouds with velocities of more than 100 km s−1. These clouds do not partake of the differential Galactic rotation; a significant fraction of them are falling down towards the Galactic disk. The typical mass of these clouds is ∼ 104 M⊙, so in a collision with the disk energies of the order of ∼ 1051 erg can be released into the interstellar medium. Such collisions should produce strong shocks propagating through both the cloud and the disk. Under adequate conditions, these shocks can accelerate particles up to relativistic energies by Fermi mechanism. In this work, we study the hydrodynamical inter-actions and the relevant radiative processes (thermal and non-thermal) associated with HVC-disk collisions. We find that a shock propagating through a typical cloud should give rise to significant non-thermal radio emission, whereas the protons accelerated there diffuse and might emit elsewhere. A shock propagating through the disk, on the other hand, produces extended gamma-ra...


The lifetime behavior of encapsulated 450V polymer Aluminium electrolytic capacitors was measured over ~1800 hours in an aging test under a high temperature of 105°C and a high-voltage of 450V. Leakage current, capacitance, and equivalent series resistance were measured at regular intervals throughout the study and show a successful implementation of two different additives containing Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS).


The synthesis of some new 4-hydroxy, 4-butyloxy, 4-propionyloxy, and 4-acryloyloxy substituted isochroman-3-ones is described. The influence of the substitution pattern in position 1 and 4 on the CO 2 elimination, which leads to high reactive ortho-quinodimethanes, is investigated. The saturated compounds are used for model reactions with diethyl maleate to study the Diels-Alder reaction and to explain the curing mechanism of unsaturated polyesters. The acrylic ester is copolymerized with styrene to give a reactive copolymer which can easily cure unsaturated polyesters at 170 °C in two mins without toxic byproducts.


Analysis of data can be made by replacing observations by their ranks. The analysis produces inference for the regression model where the location parameters of the observations, i, i 1⁄4 1; 2; . . . ; n, are related by 1⁄4 X . Here X is an n by p matrix of explanatory variables and is a vector of p unknown regression parameters. The observations are replaced by their ranks and an approximation, based on Taylor's series expansion, made to the rank marginal likelihood. For details of the approximation see Pettitt (1982).


A novel multilayer metal membrane has been developed that can be used for the separation of hydrogen from feed streams with near perfect selectivity. The membrane is comprised of very thin layers of fully dense palladium film deposited on both sides of a thin Group V metal foil, ion-milled prior to sputtering of the palladium. Palladium loading are kept low using the thin film deposition technology: 0.0012 grams of palladium per square centimeter of membrane is typically used, although thinner coatings have been employed. This membrane operates at temperatures on the order of 300 C and is capable of high rates of hydrogen flow. Flows are dependent on the pressure differential applied to the membrane, but flows of 105 sccm/cm{sup 2} and higher are regularly observed with differentials below one atmosphere. Long term testing of the membrane for a period in excess of 775 hours under constant conditions showed stable flows and an 85% hydrogen recovery efficiency. A system has been successfully applied to the hydrogen handling system of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and was tested using a pseudo-reformate feed stream without any degradation in performance.


A semi-automatic precision surveying system is being developed for PEP. Reference elevations for vertical alignment will be provided by a liquid level. The short range surveying will be accomplished using a Laser Surveying System featuring automatic data acquisition and analysis.


The instability of interfaces in an ultrafine TiAl-({gamma})/Ti{sub 3}Al-({alpha}{sub 2}) lamellar structure by straining at room temperature has been investigated using in-situ straining techniques performed in a transmission electron microscope. The purpose of this study is to obtain experimental evidence to support the creep mechanisms based upon the interface sliding in association with a cooperative movement of interfacial dislocations previously proposed to interpret the nearly linear creep behavior observed from ultrafine lamellar TiAl alloys. The results have revealed that both the sliding and migration of lamellar interfaces can take place simultaneously as a result of the cooperative movement of interfacial dislocations.


A plurality of package layers 804 and 806, as a radiation shielded integrated circuit device including a radiation-shielding lid 802 or base 808, a circuit die (816, 818) is from receiving a large amount of irradiation than the total dose tolerance It is shielded. Semiconductor devices, packaging, integrated circuit devices, ionizing radiation, a radiation shield, a heat sink, the total radiation dose limit, space environment


Each year thousands of students with limited English proficiency enter schools around the world. This enrollment brings the challenge of meeting students' educational needs in such a way that students gain a working knowledge of the English language and are able to use that knowledge in other academic and social settings. The process of learning English as a second or third language puts challenges in front of the student, including varied levels of anxiety in particular learning situations as well as how to individually cope with learning the language.


This review updates information concerning control of puberty, diagnosis and treatment of precocious puberty and behavioral changes, which appear to be related to environmental changes, rather than physical timing of changes. The relative role of hormone exposure during fetal life or later are still unclear.


In China it is urgent that strengthening legal protection for the abundant and variable national-and-folk intangible culture heritage. State, organization and individual citizen are all the protection main body of these heritages, each undertakes appropriate protective obligation within the limits of law prescribed authority. We should define the categories of right correlating with national-and-folk-intangible-culture heritage and select appropriate legal protective system differently. With a double protective mechanism established, protecting public right with the National and Folk Intangible Culture Heritage Law being soon issued, does private ones with Intellectual Property Right Law. Besides all above, it is outside the country that more solicitude must be shown for the national-and-folk-intangible- culture heritage.


As transcoding in the distribution chain is provided a method and system for controlling the transcoded remotely. Band method in accordance with the first program from the first program and the signal processing equipment - a step (210) for receiving signaling. The method bands further includes the step 215 to transcode a first program in the signal processing equipment in accordance with the at least one parameter specified by the I signal.


The evolution and existing of business group is an important issue which gets great interests. Based of the perspective of value-creation, this paper discusses the difference hypothesis between firms and the characteristic of the synergy in business group, and gives the business group a hackle. We argue that the synergy based of the difference between firms is the evolutional foundation, and business group has unique synergy which not only should exist on the group subsidiary, but also should be achieved in head office of group. Further, we try to analyze the weakness of Chinese business group, and give some brief advices.


This paper investigated 263 college students of graduating class using self-designed employment pressure questionnaire,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ) and Social Avoidance and Distress Scale(SAD).The result of this investigation shows that the important problems to employment pressure included the demand of vocational guidance,social resources' support and utilization,the academic performance,the expectation and the worry of the future career.In the factors of graduate's employment pressure and scores of positive reply,the group be trained is better than the group not be trained(P0.05,P0.001);the social avoidance,social anxiety and the pressure of personal mental experience are positive correlated;negative reply is far-reaching influence to employment pressure in regression analysis.In a word,the research of different problems of the employment pressure among the college graduates provides the understanding of employment ability upgrading training.


As an important transportation phenomenon, Bloch oscillations have been studied extensively in Hermitian systems. Here by exploiting the concept of parity-time symmetry, we experimentally realize for the first time Bloch oscillations in a non-Hermitian silicon photonic lattice and show that such system contains intriguing physics.


A tension device for a cable socket support method and a cable tension method thereof are provided to minimize deformation of a tension focusing part, and to introduce tensile force of the accurate target value to the cable by fixing the tension control device with a connecting socket. Hydraulic jacks(102) are driven to lower a jack chair(104) along tension rods(106). A cable socket(600) is lowered to tighten a cable. A tension control device(200) is placed between the cable socket and a connecting socket(300), and jointed until the head of the tension control device is closely contacted with the inside of the cable socket to fix the tension control device to the connecting socket and to maintain the tensile force of the cable after removing the hydraulic jacks. A main support device(400) has an upper plate(402) and a center plate(404) vertically fixed to the side of the upper plate. A U type support device has a mounting part(502) mounted on the lower end of the coupling leg, and a fixing end(504) fixed to the center plate. The U type support device includes a tension reinforcing band(506).


The utility model discloses a torsion reverser of a screwdriver used in narrow and small space. The torsion reverser of the screwdriver used in the narrow and small space comprises an elbow base, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, a first bevel gear shaft, a second bevel gear shaft and a screwdriver end. The first bevel gear shaft and the first bevel gear are connected into a whole. The second bevel gear shaft and the second bevel gear are connected into a whole. The first bevel gear and the second bevel gear are meshed with each other and arranged in a cavity of the elbow base. The first bevel gear shaft is provided with a structure matched with the end portion of a screwdriver rod. The second bevel gear shaft is connected with the end of the screwdriver in a detachable mode. According to the torsion reverser of the screwdriver used in the narrow and small space, due to the structure, torsion reversing can be achieved, a screw forming a certain angle with a handle of the screwdriver can be unscrewed, a screw arranged in the narrow and small space can be screwed and unscrewed without interference, the application range of the screwdriver is widened, and the product design thought of designers can be broadened.


Geotechnical engineering construction deals with the soil as material and with the works built on. It has progressively become an important aspect of the civil engineering projects. This is emphazised in this report through a state of the art on three topics: the influence of the earth removal on the structures, the soil shear strength improvement and geotextiles. Due to the wide extension of such a subject, the description of each of these topics is limited to excavations, low depth tunneling and embankments for the first one, soil reinforcement for the second one and geotextiles as mechanically resistant inclusion for the third one. It is pointed out that strain is an essential parameter to understand mechanisms as well as the behaviour of the works and to justify their conception. A rather exhaustive list of references is proposed at the end of this report.(a) for the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 287689.


The paper covered the selection of clinical trial diseases in the clinical pathway experiment in the hospital in the recent two years.It also introduced such management measures as making clinical pathway texts,the rate of cases into clinical pathways,emphasis of variation management,and enhanced clinical pathway data analysis.A comparison between the groups before and after clinical pathway management,found that the clinical pathway can reduce the average days of stay and total patient costs by 3.4 days and 1519 yuan respectively.Both patients and hospitals benefit from clinical pathways.The paper also advocates continuous and dynamic management at various stages of clinical pathway management.

Key words:
Clinical pathway; Application; Management


Thank you very much for reading hungarians in transition interviews with citizens of the nineties. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this hungarians in transition interviews with citizens of the nineties, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their computer.


The KPF since its inception 1887 has been faced with greater demands for effectiveness and efficiency. The force therefore developed its first strategic plan in 2004, the Kenya Police Force Strategic Plan (KPFSP) 2003-2008 and a second strategic plan in the year (2008-2012) which were both intended to cater for all management operations of the entire police force, including the training colleges. However, one of the greatest challenges which the force has experienced over the years is inadequate training of its officers. This therefore questioned the role of the force strategic plan in addressing the strategic needs of the training institutions of the force and in particular the Kenya Police College-Kiganjo which is the main training institutions of the force. The purpose of the study therefore was to examine the role of the PFSP in addressing the strategic needs of the college. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and study locale will be the Kenya Police College Kiganjo in Nyeri District which stands on 167 acres of land . .The target population is 500 which consists of instructors, students, and administrators of the college. The literature makes reference to main scholars, both classical and contemporary, and their contribution to this particular study. The data was collected by use of both opened and closed questionnaires, and interview schedules. A Sample of 30% of the total population was selected to fill structured questionnaire where the researcher administered the instrument alone. Simple .random, stratified sampling and purposive sampling techniques were employed. The independent variables were Strategic plan variables whereas the dependent variables were the strategic needs variables. Both primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed by use of both qualitative and quantitative methods and after analysis the result have been presented in narrative, tables, charts and graphs form. The study significantly enriched the existing literature on strategic planning in organizations and in particular the KPC Kiganjo.


Possible correlated or pleiotropic effects on food intake, growth rate and carcass traits (meat quality and carcass composition traits) were investigated for the prolificacy related Booroola gene ( Fec B ). This gene was introgressed in a Texel sheep population by systematic backcrossing with sires carrying the Booroola gene. In a 3-year experiment 273 spring-born male lambs were offered concentrates ad libitum , after weaning. Lamb carrier effects and dam carrier effects for the Fec B gene were estimated, accounting for year, backcross generation, slaughter weight, weaning age, concentrate type, rearing code, age of the dam and litter size as fixed effects. Carriers of the Fec B had a higher dressing percentage (+1·15%), longissimus muscle depth (+0·26 mm to +0·7 5mm) and cross-sectional area (+0·98 cm 2 ). However the gene also had a positive effect on subcutaneous fatness (+0·12 points), KKCF (+30 g) and a substantial positive lamb carrier effect on carcass fat tissue content (+3·09%), which reflects a relative increase in fatness of 11·9%. The Fec B gene had also very small, significant effects on some meat colour traits. The dam carrier effects of the Booroola gene were negatively associated with food efficiency and with longissimus muscle depth (‐1·38 to ‐2·25 mm). The increased fatness of lambs could imply that for optimal use of Fec B , non-carrier