In the process of learning mathematics, especially geometry, teachers must pay attention to the level of ability possessed by students. Van Hiele suggests that there are five stages of thinking that students will go through in learning geometry: the visualization stage, the analysis stage, the informal deduction stage, the deduction stage, and the rigor stage. Each stage of thinking will be passed by students sequentially without passing any of the previous stages. This study aimed to identify and describe the geometric thinking stages of high school students. The first is based on van Hiele's theory. The research method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. This research was conducted at MTs (Madrasah Tsanawiyah) An-Nur, Cirebon City, with a population of 318 students and a sample of 72 students selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique used is in the form of a Van Hiele geometric thinking stage test with 25 multiple choice questions divided into five subtests. The results showed that 29.17% of students were in stage 1 (visualization), 25% of students were in stage 2 (analysis), and 6.94% of students were in stage 3 (informal deduction). There are still students who have not entered the van Hiele geometric thinking stage (at stage 0), namely 13.89%. As for the students who could not determine their van Hiele geometric thinking stage, as many as 25%. The highest stage achieved by students was stage 3 (informal deduction), so no student reached stage 4 (deduction) and stage 5 (rigor). In general, the geometric thinking stage of MTs (Madrasah Tsanawiyah) An-Nur students is at stage 1 of van Hiele's geometric thinking.


MALÍČKOVÁ, Miriam. 2014. Stochastic model of collective behaviour of ants. [Master Thesis] Comenius University in Bratislava. Faculty of mathematics, physics and informatics. Department of applied mathematics and statistics. Supervisor: Mgr. Katarína Boďová, PhD. Bratislava: UK, 2014, 67 p. Colonies of ants are remarkable interacting living systems in which the distribution of roles of ants and interactions among individuals with an environment produce a reliable performance of a complex tasks. Particularly remarkable is the process of formation of narrow paths between the nest and food sources that is essential for the successful foraging. We have designed a simple mathematical stochastic off-grid model of ant foraging in the absence of direct communication. The motion of ants is governed by two components a random change in direction of motion that improves ability to explore the environment and to find food, and a non-random global indirect interaction component based on pheromone signalling. Using numerical simulations we have studied the model behaviour in different parameters setting and its ability to adapt to changes in environment.


With the innovation of transmission technology and means,the competition between news media is becoming more and more fierce,and the era in which timeliness is merely depended on as the competitive advantage has already become history,therefore,news scheme has been fairely necessary in the firece competition between news media and news transmmision.Thus the successful application of news scheme to TV news program is quite an effective way which can promote the effect of news report.


By using a high-spatial-resolution scanning infrared polariscope, in-plane components of residual strain have been characterized quantitatively in 2"/spl phi/ LEC-grown Fe-doped InP (100) wafers. Their two-dimensional distribution maps reveal characteristic fine structures such as slip-like patterns originated from crystallographic glides during the crystal growth process, and highly-strained spots and filaments due to inclusions or voids inside the wafer, or due to scratches on the surface. Solidification factor dependence of residual strain is also examined together with etch pit density and resistivity.


As part of the implementation of the Digital Single Market Strategy, in December 2015 the European Commission tabled a proposal for a directive on the supply of digital content. The proposed directive contains rules on the contractual aspects of the relationship between suppliers and consumers of digital content. In principle, the directive's rules will be mandatory, in that a contract may not deviate from them to the consumer's detriment. However, many rules are default ones, i.e. may be deviated from by the contract. This is especially so with regard to laying down the criteria for conformity of digital content. Importantly, the proposed directive is to be a 'targeted maximum harmonisation' instrument, meaning that once in force Member States cannot retain or introduce more consumer-friendly rules within its scope.The scope ratione materiae of the directive includes not only the supply of digital content to consumers in the strict sense, i.e. the supply of software, digital music, e books, films or images, but also digital services, in particular rental of on-line computer programs, cloud computing and social media platforms. The directive extends only to contracts concluded for consideration (counter-performance), which can also take the form of digital data, including personal data, provided by the consumer. Finally, the scope ratione materiae includes all modes of conclusion, i.e. on line and off-line. Importantly, according to the directive's preamble, digital content embedded in tangible goods is to be excluded from its scope. The scope ratione personae comprises exclusively business-to-consumer contracts.As regards criteria for evaluating whether the digital content is in conformity with the contract, the directive provides that a primary source for such criteria is the terms of the contract, as well as items of pre-contractual information which are deemed to be part of the contract. Subsidiary criteria for evaluating conformity include objective fitness for purpose, international technical standards, as well as public statements.The proposal takes over from the Consumer Sales Directive the idea of a 'hierarchy of remedies', meaning that in the case of non-conformity, consumers are barred from terminating the contract or claiming a reduction in price, instead having first to ask the trader to bring the digital content into conformity. Hence, consumers do not have a free choice of remedies. However, in the case of non-supply, consumers have the right to terminate immediately. They also have the right to terminate regardless of conformity in cases where the trader modifies the digital content, as well as in long-term contracts. The proposal contains detailed rules on the consequences of termination, particularly regarding the further use of consumers' personal data by traders, and the further use of digital content by consumers.Experts have identified a number of issues which have not been, but potentially could be, addressed by the directive. These include consumers' rights to multiple downloads, to re-sell digital content and to receive essential updates and maintenance, as well as the issue of optional guarantees granted on top of statutory liability for conformity.Finally, there are a number of questions about how the proposed directive relates to other legal instruments of EU law, in particular the General Data Protection Regulation, and intellectual property law. With regard to the former, the directive remains 'without prejudice', which means that its legal regime is parallel. With regard to all other legislation, the directive is a lex generalis, meaning that any sectoral or specific legislation will prevail over the directive's rules in case of conflict.


We show that the quantum family of all maps from a finite space to a finite-dimensional compact quantum semigroup has a canonical quantum semigroup structure.


This study investigated the experiences of special education teachers who used IEP software programs to author their IEP documents for students with disabilities. The participants included 8 special education teachers enrolled in a special education graduate program at a Research 1 University. This qualitative investigation used semi-structured face to face interviews to examine issues related to the impacts and constraints of the IEP software when authoring IEP documents. Analysis of participant interviews revealed several benefits and challenges when using the IEP software. Participants stated that the software allowed them to develop a professional looking IEP document, free of errors and no sections omitted that met the letter of the IDEA (2004) law. Participants also noted tension between compliance and the spirit of the law, for example ensuring IEP goals were individualized and aligned with students' needs and working as an interdisciplinary team to develop the IEP document. Some additional findings were that participants viewed the software as a tool for


Traditionally, myocardial ischemia has been viwed as an imbalance in the supply and demand of myocardial oxygen. Stable angina is usually considered to involve a fixed lesion, whereas unstable angina involves a fixed lesion as well as such components as platelet aggregation, thrombotic processess, and vasospasm. Variant angina involves primarily vasospasm. A newer concept holds that most angina results from mixed mechanisms in which both fixed lesions and vasomotor alterations play a role. These mechanisms are responsible for mixed ischemic events, characterized by episodes at varying levels of exertion, with or without anginal pain


Magnesium oxide-supported polytitazane–platinum complex has been found to catalyze the oxygenation of diphenyl methanol with high yield and high selectivity at 140°C and 1 atm O2. The N/Pt molar ratio, temperature and solvent had great influence on the activity of the catalyst.


A guide to finding resources related to Psychology, Sociology, Social Work, Mental Health, Child Development, TECA, Criminal Justice, Anthropology, and Archaeology


An impulsive control is one of the important stabilizing control strategies and exhibits many strong system performances such as shorten action time, low power consumption, effective resistance to uncertainty. This paper develops a nonlinear impulsive control approach to stabilize discrete-time dynamical systems. Sufficient conditions for asymptotical stability of discrete-time impulsively controlled systems are derived. Furthermore, an Ishi chaotic neural network is effectively stabilized by a designed nonlinear impulsive control.


Emperor Ləbna Dəngəl (1508-1540) was the son of Na'od  (1494 - 1508)  by Na'od Mogasa Aħmad Gran defeated him in several battles since 1529 AD. In 1539 Ləbna Dəngəl had fled to the monastery of Dabra Damo, where he died on September 1540.This article presents the physical feature of the abridged chronicles of Emperor Ləbna Dəngəl they were published and edited by M. Rene Basset (Etudes Sur l' Histoire d' Ethiopie, 1882) and J.Perruchon ('Le regne de Ləbna Dəngəl, 1894) including Tarika Nagast (MST), which was written by hand on Branna. It is found under the catalogue No.691-IES-MS, EMML-PRNO1527, in IES library. Thus, the article was constructed based on the documentation to present a short summary of, the life of Ləbna Dəngəl and the invasion of Aħmad Gran. In addition, some linguistic differences between the texts and some polygenetic errors are also presented, with philological analysis.


This paper investigate the impact of CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) gate microstructure on the reliability and performance of deep-submicrometer CMOS transistors. The amorphous silicon (/spl alpha/-Si) gate provides better capability for suppression of boron penetration in p/sup +/ doped gate p-channel MOSFETs, but gate depletion in the /spl alpha/-Si gate is slightly more severe than that of the poly-Si gate. The gate-length-dependent gate-depletion effect, in which the difference in linear g/sub m/ between MOSFETs with two different gate microstructures shows a strong L/sub g/-dependence, is reported and interpreted by impurity diffusion along the grain boundary. A gate nitrogen implant as an effective method for suppression of the boron diffusion is also discussed with emphasis on the impact on both device reliability and performance.


Thank you very much for reading feathered dragons studies on the transition from dinosaurs to birds. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite readings like this feathered dragons studies on the transition from dinosaurs to birds, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their laptop.


Since its emergence in 1980s, public private partnerships (PPP) have become a predominant approach for delivering social and economic infrastructure in the UK. This has inspired many scholarships into how such arrangements can bring about better performance for all. In much of the extant work, the focus has been on finding more effective ways of configuring the relationships between the public and private parties, often taking assumption that each of these sectors are homogenous entities. In this paper, we raise the question as to whether boundaries between the public sector and private sector are ever so clear cut. We do so by drawing upon an on-going archival study in to British railway industry in the 1960s. We found that the roles played by stakeholders were often messy, and that the labels of what constituted "public" and what constituted "private" were not always clearly defined. Indeed, relationships were often blended between the two spheres. Rather than to focus on finding better ways of bringing the public and private together in delivering PPPs, it is argued that these arrangements between public and private sectors are better studied as fertile context for boundary making and identity formation.


Dinitropyrenes (DNPs) are highly mutagenic in the Salmonella reversion assay and are tumorigenic in rodents. Bacterial nitroreductases have been implicated in the mutagenic activation of DNPs. In this study, we investigated the metabolism of 1,8-dinitropyrene (1,8-DNP) by anaerobic bacterial suspensions derived from human feces, and the intestinal contents of rhesus monkeys and rats. The 1,8-DNP metabolites were isolated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and identified by comparison of their chromatographic and mass spectral properties with those of authentic compounds. All of the intestinal microflora metabolized 1,8-DNP to 1-amino-8-nitropyrene and 1,8-diaminopyrene. The mutagenic activity of samples extracted from incubations of human or rat intestinal microflora cultured with 1,8-DNP was measured by reversion of Salmonella typhimurium TA98. There was a decrease in the mutagenic activities of the extracts with time of incubation that correlated with increased 1-amino-8-nitropyrene and 1,8-diaminopyrene formation. The decreased mutagenicity of the 1,8-DNP metabolites was confirmed by conducting assays with authentic 1-amino-8-nitropyrene and 1,8-diaminopyrene. Both compounds showed much lower mutagenic activity compared to 1,8-DNP. The results indicate that intestinal microflora have the ability to metabolize 1,8-DNP to amine derivatives that are less mutagenic than the parent compound.


The purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy and toxicity of carboplatin and paclitaxel administered every 3 weeks in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma, previously treated with cisplatin‐based therapy.


The invention provides a step calculation method, which reduces the interference of body situation of a user in step calculation and improve the step calculation accuracy. The method comprises the following steps: based on a step calculation device with sound recognition function, starting walking, prompting the currently various walking states of the step calculation device, and collecting the user step parameters by a sensor; setting an acceleration threshold for step calculation; collecting the acceleration parameter during walking through the sensor, and the like. Information of walking status corresponding steps can be obtained by combining the classification of acceleration values according to the walking states and the check and countering of an envelope line, the user experience is increased, and the step calculation accuracy of the user with weak or bad body status can be improved.


In this paper,we introduce matrix-valued multiresolution analysis and orthogonal matrix-valued wavelets.We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition on the existence of orthogonal matrix-valued wavelets by means of paraunitary vector filter bank theory.A method for constructing a class of compactly supported orthogonal matrix-valued wavelets is proposed by using multiresolution analysis method and matrix theory.


Purpose – Isaac Newton has been described as the father of modern science. What is less well known is that he had mental health problems. Here, the authors aim to review the literature on his problems and life to see if he was a mental health recovery hero. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviewed all the published papers on Newton's mental health problems, as well as many of the biographies written on him. Findings – Scholars of Newton have focussed most of their attention on Newton's breakdown of 1693. This has been attributed to mercurialism or paranoid psychosis. The more likely explanation is depression or bipolar disorder. Personality factors are also critical in understanding Newton; he had a troubled upbringing and problems in relating to others. The latter enabled him to focus exclusively on his research and experiments and may have contributed to his greatness. Originality/value – The authors have brought to bear their insights as a professional historian and as a clinical psychologist, giving this paper a unique perspective from previous uni-disciplinary reviews.


: This article aims to analyze and present the perception of teachers in the early years of a municipal education system about human rights education in the context of public school. The research was methodologically constructed based on the responses of the regent teachers of specific subjects to a questionnaire. It should be noted that the teachers act in the planning of classes, activities and in the proposition of pedagogical material related to the theme. The analysis of the results shows that approximately 70% of the teachers who answered the questionnaire perceived the existence of challenges to approach the theme in the context of public school education. It was also observed the consent of teachers about the relevance of education in human rights as a basis for new pedagogical practices that transform society.


This study aimed to investigate the impact of perceived health care service quality on patient satisfaction and patient loyalty in mafraq governmental hospital. A survey was conducted to gather data with a complete of 400 patients. To obtain the results and to analyse the hypothesis, the study used PLS-SEM Statistical technique. The findings showed that service quality had a positive direct effect on patient loyalty and patient satisfaction. Meanwhile, patient satisfaction mediated the relationship between service quality and patient loyalty. The study recommends that public hospital managers and healthcare providers should initiate continuous quality improvement programs and monitor healthcare quality to gain patient satisfaction patient and loyalty in return. Future studies may include other factors such as perceived value, trust, availability of hospital resources that can affect patient satisfaction and loyalty.


Much literature debates the validity of stock price prediction. Within this research the accuracy of trading rules was examined. In particular this research focused on whether certain basic technical analysis methods for investing in the stock market can yield higher returns, on average, than a simple buy-and-hold strategy. This method of technical analysis selected for investigation was the crossing of moving averages. Such an approach allows for central research objective to be addressed where the central objective was to identify the usefulness of technical analysis, specifically the moving averages trading rule approach and estimate whether it yields higher returns lower losses than a Simple Buy-and-Hold trading strategy. This research will contribute to existing literature by carrying out a quantitative examination of trading rules within the Irish stock market. A sample of fifty-six Irish stocks which were quoted on the ISEQ was selected for analysis Criteria for the sample were that the stock must have traded for a least five years between the years 2001 and 2011. The returns on the fifty-six stocks were recorded and empirical tested as to the usefulness and power o f moving average trading rules in price prediction was undertaken.


INTRODUCTION Increasing incidence of tuberculosis (TB) as well as the escalating trend of resistance to anti-TB drugs has attracted much attention during the past decades and has turned out the need for early microbiological conrmation of TB and drug sensitivity testing more than ever.[1] On the other hand, approximately 50% of patients with suspected active TB are either unable to produce sputum or demonstrate a negative sputum smear for acid fast bacillus (AFB).[2]Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is difcult in children with pulmonary tuberculosis as compared to adults where sputum is positive in upto two third of patients.[3] Children with pulmonary tuber-culosis typically have closed caseous leasions with a relatively small number of mycobacteria. The large cavitary population of tubercle bacilli seen in adults is usually absent in children. [4,5] This is compounded by the difculty in collecting sputum in children as they swallow the expectorate coming from the lungs. To obtain the respiratory tract secretions procedures like gastric lavage (GL) and the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) have been used. Gastric lavage collects the respiratory secretions which are swallowed at night. Bronchoalveolar lavage samples the alveolar epithelial lining uid directly and has been found to be useful in the diagnosis of several respiratory infections including tuberculosis.[6]


Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes between anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and basiliximab induction in deceased donor kidney transplantation (DDKT). Methods: Between May 2006 and February 2015, 40 patients underwent DDKT at our institution. Three cases (7.5%) of them were lost during the following-up schedule. In this study, ATG induction criteria were donor age >50 years old or donor creatinine level >1.3 mg/dL except hepatitis B virus positive and hepatitis C virus positive recipients. Recipients were divided into two groups: the ATG group (n=20) and the basiliximab group (n=17). Results: The 1-year patient survival in the ATG group was 89.4% compared to 93.8% in the basiliximab group (P=0.989). Graft survival for a 1 year in the ATG and the basiliximab group was 89.1% and 93.8%, respectively (P=0.967). Incidences of acute rejection episodes were more prevalent in the basiliximab group (15.0% vs. 29.4%, P=0.428). The glomerular filtration rate level by period of recipients was not different in both group (12th month, 64.60±16.17 mg/dL vs. 68.51±18.60 mg/dL, P=0.544). The overall complications during the follow-up were not significantly different in both groups (90.0% vs. 76.5%, P=0.383). Conclusions: The results showed that there was no difference in the patient survival and graft survival between induction of ATG and basiliximab of the DDKT were not different. Therefore, use of both induction agents led to a good patient and graft survival and ATG might be a safe and preferable agent for relatively poor renal function of donor in kidney transplantation.


We consider the optical ray dynamics in the objects formed by the media with hyperbolic dispersion, and uncover the origin of rapid transition to chaos in such systems.


Four cases of apparently voluntary rapid vibratory pacifier movements occurring in normal, unstressed infants up to 1 year of age and captured on video are presented. I speculate on the possible relationship of the movements to similar vibratory jaw movements in dogs, in which species they may represent a neuromuscular mechanism for rapid feedback control.


BACKGROUND
Multiple cutaneous cylindromas are uncommonly associated with extracutaneous cylindromas. An association between cutaneous cylindromas and salivary gland cylindromas would probably not be fortuitous.

CASE REPORT
A 66-year-old man developed multiple cutaneous cylindromas and cylindromas situated in the parotid and submaxillary gland. Histology was similar for both localizations.

DISCUSSION
This association was probably not fortuitous as the histology was similar, other cases have been reported in the literature, and recent complaint concerned the development of multiple cutaneous cylindromas and salivary gland cylindromas. Salivary gland cylindromas should be searched for in patients who develop cutaneous cylindromas as they are more aggressive in nature.


PURPOSE
The analytical performance of the first automated HPLC analyzer of haemoglobins A2 and Foetal is presented.

RESULTS
The analyzer shows an imprecision within-run between 0.66-2.7% and between-run 1.8-6.44. Correlation index with manual methods were r = 0.965 (p < 0.005) for Hb A2 and r = 0.999 (p < 0.0001) for Foetal Hb and the reference values of an adult population were established; Hb A2 (1.98-2.94%) and Hb F (0-0.95%). Several chromatograms of haemoglobinopathies are presented.

CONCLUSIONS
These results validate the method to resolve the increased demand of these parameters.


A novel series of 3,6-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazolo-[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles (6a–r) containing gem-dimethyl benzyl moiety were prepared by the condensation of 4-amino-3-aryl/aralkyl substituted-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles (5a, 5b, 5c) with various fluoro substituted aromatic acids in the presence of POCl3. IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR (COSY), and mass spectral data confirmed the structures of all the synthesized compounds. All the compounds were also screened for their antibacterial, antifungal and analgesic activities. Compounds 6b, 6d, 6f, 6g, 6h, 6i, 6m, 6n, 6o, 6p, and 6r exhibited promising antibacterial and compounds 6a, 6d, 6f, 6g, 6h, 6k, 6m, 6o, 6p, and 6q showed significant analgesic activities. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011)


The reckless use of fossil fuels causes a lot of problems such as depletion of fossil fuels, rising oil prices, air pollution, and fine dust. 27% of the world's major energy sources are used for transportation, and most of the transportation fuels are used as fossil fuels. Biofuels, which are attracting attention as a clean alternative energy source, are most actively applied to transportation fuels because of their environmentfriendly characteristics, but they have problems in fuel production cost and engine technology development. In order to solve these problems, research trends in domestic and overseas researches and engine dedicated to biofuels are described. In addition, the development of technologies that can reduce fuel production costs and the establishment and operation of policies for more stable fuel supply are required more flexibly to cope with sudden environmental changes.


When atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials are layered they often form incommensurate non-crystalline structures that exhibit long-period moir{\' e} patterns when examined by scanning probes. In this paper we present an approach which uses information obtained from {\it ab initio} calculations performed on short-period crystalline structures to derive effective Hamiltonians that are able to efficiently describe the influence of the moir{\' e} pattern superlattices on electronic properties. We apply our approach to the cases of graphene on graphene (G/G) and graphene on hexagonal boron nitride (G/BN), deriving explicit effective Hamiltonians that have the periodicity of the moir{\' e} pattern and can be used to calculate electronic properties of interest for arbitrary twist angles and lattice constants.


Using the oxidation-decoloration of alizarin violet by potassium bromate in hydrochloric acid medium,the appropriate conditions were studied and a new method for the determination of the trace potassium bromate was established.The experimental results showed that the maximum absorption peak is located at 460 nm with an apparent molar absorption coefficient of 1.9×104L·mol-1·cm-1.The linear range is 1~20mg·L-1,the recovery was from 95% to 103%,relative standard deviation was 2.3%;detection limit was 1.02 mg·L-1.The proposed method has been applied in determining of trace potassium bromate in food sample with satisfactory results.


The study was meant to investigate challenges facing police gender and children's desks in reduction of gender-based violence and violence against children in Kinondoni district, Dar es Salaam region in Tanzania. Specifically, this study sought to identify challenges facing gender desks in Kinondoni District and sought to examine the manner such challenges have affected practice or operations of gender desks in the area. The study took place in Kinondoni district as a case study strategy because the area had experienced many forms of violence incidences compared to other districts around Mainland Tanzania and Tanzania Zanzibar. The study design used descriptive mixed research design where both qualitative and quantitative data were used. Simple random sampling procedure was used to get respondents. Data were collected by using questionnaires, interviews and documentary review. The study results showed that insufficient number of police officers, poor selection of gender desk officers, gender and children desk officers performed other police duties and lack of budget to operate gender desk programs for building offices were among the challenging of gender desk. It is recommended that police force should have special funds for gender and children's desks that will go towards building new offices, undertake training of officers and provide means of transport as well as required modern equipment.


In stochastic quantisation, quantum mechanical expectation values are computed as averages over the time history of a stochastic process described by a Langevin equation. Complex stochastic quantisation, though theoretically not rigorously established, extends this idea to cases where the action is complex-valued by complexifying the basic degrees of freedom, all observables and allowing the stochastic process to probe the complexified configuration space. We review the method for a previously studied one-dimensional toy model, the U(1) one link model. We confirm that complex Langevin dynamics only works for a certain range of parameters, misestimating observables otherwise. A curious effect is observed where all moments of the basic stochastic variable are misestimated, although these misestimated moments may be used to construct, by a Taylor series, other observables that are reproduced correctly. This suggests a subtle but not completely resolved relationship between the original complex integration measure and the higher-dimensional probability distribution in the complexified configuration space, generated by the complex Langevin process.


This paper aims to show Relational Psychoanalysis as a new paradigm within the psychoanalytic field. To do so, it is given a brief description about its origins in the U.S. context and a general review about the work of Stephen A. Mitchell: one of the most important relational authors. Some of his essential ideas are explained, such as the relational conflict model and the concept of relational matrix. In addition, some contrasts between different psychoanalytic models are presented, as well as some of theoretic and technical implications that the relational paradigm brings to psychotherapy, psychoanalysis and psychology.


Abstract The contents and chemical forms of heavy metals in different types of industrial dusts have been examined and mineralogical composition of dusts characterized. Dusts emitted by the metallurgical plants contain iron minerals: magnetite and hematite, carbonates: calcite and dolomite, sulphates: gypsum and anhydrite and silicates: quartz and mullite. Dusts emitted by the chemical plants contain fluoroapatite and calcite. Sylvite, quartz and calcite are the main components of dusts from cement plants. Mullite and quartz are the main phases of dusts from power plants. In dusts emitted by metallurgical plants, rich in iron oxides a high content of Mn, Zn, Pb and Cu has been stated. Dusts originating from chemical plants are rich in Cd and Cr. In the examined dusts two groups of metals can be distinguished: metals such as Cd, Zn, Mn and Ni, which have a relatively large potentially mobilizable portion, and metals such as Cr, Pb, Fe and Cu that are more stably bound to dust particles.


Environmental and structural data from a monitoring system installed on a steel jacket platform in the Sicily channel has been examined for reliability. Significant data has been chosen to assess the design assumptions for the dynamic behaviour of the platform such as added mass, marine growth and axial pile group stiffness. A parametric structural dynamic identification is achieved by the modal parameter technique, comparing the theoretical and experimental response of the platform.


Solution culture experiment with 7 varieties of Chinese flowering cabbage in two nitrogen resources was carried out. The differences of nitrate accumulation, nitrogen nutrition characteristic and nutriments absorption was studied by analyzing plants and absorption solution. It can provide basis for making nitrate regulation measures and selecting low nitrate concentration varieties.


The invention provides a data buffering process and a device thereof. The method comprises: caching the received data in a data bit with the attribute of first state in a buffer zone and updating the attribute of the corresponding data bit to second state, wherein the first state represents that the data bit accommodates no caching data, or the data bit accommodates data processed, and the second state represents that the data bit accommodates data to be processed; transmitting the data cached in the data bit with the attribute of second state in the buffer zone to a processing terminal to processing and updating the attribute of the corresponding data bit to third state, wherein the third state represents that the data bit accommodates data being processed; updating the attribute of the corresponding data bit of the data finishing cache processing in the buffer zone to first state when finishing data processing at the processing terminal. The data propelling capacity of the buffer zone in the invention can be matched with the processing terminal device capable of processing different data, so as to achieve better data buffering process effect.


This chapter summarizes the results of a landmark trial comparing different doses of oral sildenafil versus placebo to treat erectile dysfunction. Patients received either an identical placebo or 25- mg, 50-mg, or 100-mg tablets of sildenafil to be taken approximately one hour before planned sexual activity (but not more than once daily) for 24 weeks. Higher doses of sildenafil resulted in higher mean score for frequency of penetration and maintenance of erection, which were also consistently better than placebo. The most common side effects were headaches, flushing, dyspepsia, rhinitis, and visual disturbances. This study established sildenafil as an effective, reasonably well-tolerated treatment for men with erectile dysfunction of varying etiologies.


The main content of the study is the theoretical analysis of the constructs of psychological stability and emotional competence of personality and experimental study of the influence of the parameters of emotional intelligence, which is the instrument of emotional intelligence, the level of psychological stability of the students of the university. In the process of the research the author of the paper has conducted a comparative analysis of selected groups of students in the parameters of development of emotional competence, whose tool is the emotional intelligence. The authors determined that there is a relation between emotional competence and psychological stability of students. The main conclusion of the paper states that the formation of abilities to understand and manage the emotions among students and the emotions of others in the communication process increases the level of psychological stability.


Flue-curing characteristics of flue-cured tobacco varieties Honghuadajinyuan,Zhongyan 100 and K326,which included changes of plastid pigments,water content and activities of polyphenol oxidase(PPO) were investigated,under the same curing conditions,in order to find out physiological and biochemical changes during curing process.The chemical compositions of cured leaves were measured and the appearances of economic characters were evaluated.The results showed that three tobacco varieties existed differences in yellowing process,water removal and activities of enzyme,Honghuadajinyuan performed slow loss of free water,high speed loss of bound water during fixing color stage,high ratio of free water and bound water,high activity of polyphenol oxidase,high chlorophyll content but low degradation,all these effected appearance quality after being cured;K326 performed rapid water loss during curing,low ratio of free water and bound water,polyphenol oxidase activity was at middle,the content of tobacco nicotine was high;the color change during the yellowing stage of Zhongyan100 was in accordance with water removal,with low PPO activity,low chlorophyll content,the percentage of fist-and middle tobacco leaves and average price were the highest.


Abstract : This report treats the problem of two phase flow with shocks in a duct using a numerical procedure involving both method of characteristics and finite difference techniques. The formulation incorporates the conservation equations of both the particle and gas phases. The computer code TWOFLO developed to solve this problem is presented.


The horizontal bursting instability was first observed in a single bunch in the Advanced Photon Source (APS) soon after operation began. Above the instability threshold, the bursting is characterized by exponentially growing bunch centroid oscillations whose amplitude saturates, then decays, repeating quasi-periodically. More recently, bursting was also observed with multiple bunches in both the horizontal and vertical planes, showing that this is not purely a single-bunch phenomenon. On the other hand, the multibunch instability threshold is strongly dependent on bunch spacing, and the dependence is markedly different for the two transverse planes. Depending on the bunch spacing, the bunch-to-bunch oscillations are sometimes coupled, sometimes not. In this paper, we discuss the threshold in terms of the chromaticity required to stabilize the beam. We present instability imaging data using a streak camera that shows the bunch-to-bunch oscillation phase, and turn-by-turn beam position histories that give the bursting time dependence for different bunch spacings. Finally, we discuss the machine impedance and measured tune shift with current.


This article presents a model that is useful for healing, learning, and growing from painful experiences, endings, and transitions in relationships. The learning and growing process applies whether the painful endings are the result of a game or natural life experiences and circumstances. The new awareness and learning from mistakes can then be applied to the new beginnings and to new hellos with the same person or in a new relationship. This nonblame good-bye/hello model encourages clients to become aware of their patterns of relating, to keep what is working, change what is not, and let go, grieve, and heal those losses that cannot be changed. Case examples illustrate uses of the model.


The growing popularity of computer network technology bring great convenience for people at the same time,the problems and hazards of its security also gave rise to the great distress.Effective security system must be carried out in order to avoid the harm of various insecurityto computer software,in order to achieve effective detection and prevention of computer software security vulnerabilities.In view of this,this paper focuses on the dynamic computer software security vulnerability detection technology systems analysis,to provide a theoretical basis for computer software security system.


Objective To study the dead character of motor neurons in spinal cord anterior horn following peripheral nerve injury in adult rats.Methods The right sciatic nerve of SD rat was cut and re-anastomosed.At different time points after operation,the L4-L6 spinal cord was taken,paraffin-embedded sections were stained with with HE.Mophological changes in motor neurons in spinal cord anterior horn were observed.The ultrathin sections were observed under electron-microscopy for ultrastructural changes in motor neurons in spinal cord anterior horn.Results The chromatin in body of the right motor neurons in spinal cord anterior horn concentrated and the body of the right motor neurons were divided into apoptotic body.Conclusion The right motor neurons' death in spinal cord anterior horn mainly was apoptosis after rat sciatic nerve injury.


An all digital implementation architecture was introduced for VSB modulators with symmetric roll-off factor for both spectrum sidebands. Based on sampling theorem, the modulation is completed by direct sideband spectrum shaping and linear frequency translation. Analyses show that this architecture has good performance and low hardware complexity, and it is applicable for multilevel VSB modulation.


The description of aircraft surface movement behaviors at airdrome is the key issue of control and scheduling simulation which aims to solve the surface traffic activities problems. Using the Petri Net theory and CPN Tools to build hierarchical and timed Petri Net of aircraft taxing, prescribed the entire progress of aircraft from apron service to takeoff in order to achieve flexible random route allocation and normal orderly operation.


At present, the model of heterogeneous fluid production in horizontal wells in bottom water reservoirs does not comprehensively consider the influence of parameters such as flow, length, and position of each production section, resulting in the distortion of interpretation results. Using the Green function and the Newman product method, this paper derives heterogeneous fluid production in horizontal wells in the bottom water heavy oil reservoir. The Stehfest numerical inversion algorithm was used to obtain the bottom fluid pressure solution of the horizontal well production in the bottom water heavy oil reservoir with the wellbore storage effect and skin effect. By drawing the typical chart of horizontal well test in sections, the new model can be divided into five typical flow stages: wellbore storage stage, transition stage, radial flow stage, linear flow stage, and late stable flow stage. Based on the interpretation of conventional parameters, such as permeability, well storage, and skin effect, the new model can further diagnose the parameters such as liquid production length, liquid production position, and liquid production volume of each horizontal section. The field application examples verify the validity of the research results and broad application prospects.


The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical sensors, and in particular relates to a preparation method for a micro redox potential sensor. The preparation method comprises the following steps of respectively preparing a gold thin film micro electrode and a silver thin film micro electrode by taking a polyvinyl chloride film as a substrate material, electroplating the silver thin film micro electrode in a sodium chloride solution to prepare a silver chloride thin film micro electrode, connecting the gold thin film micro electrode serving as an indicating electrode to a positive electrode of an ion meter, connecting the silver chloride thin film micro electrode serving as a reference electrode to a cathode electrode of the ion meter, inserting the two electrodes into an ammonium ferrous sulfate-high ferric ammonium sulfate redox standard solution at normal temperature, and checking and calibrating a potential value by taking a potential value of redox potential, which is measured by the conventional platinum electrode method. The prepared redox potential sensor can easily realize automation, portability and real-time detection, and can facilitate the observation of changes of redox potentials of sealed space medium and gas phase medium as well as semi-solid and full-solid medium systems. The micro redox potential sensor is prepared from the polyvinyl chloride film, so that the material is low in cost.


It remains controversial as to whether targeted biopsies should completely replace random biopsies for dysplasia surveillance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several histologic patterns of nonconventional dysplasia have been described in IBD. This study aimed to investigate the rate and clinicopathologic features of dysplastic lesions found in total colectomy or proctocolectomy specimens that were undetected on prior colonoscopy.


Background: This article deals with the phenomenon of mediation in the French legal system. It describes the general types of mediation, the supervision of financial market transactions in France, as well as the cooperation between market regulators. The article mainly discusses mediation in the financial market as an instrument for protecting rights, but also as a social process.
Research purpose: The analysis of foreign regulations regarding mediation in the financial market intends to indicate how to deal with sectoral and specialised mediation in the situations of increased risks. The insight in French regulations allows a better understanding of Polish legal opportunities in the field of mediation on the financial market. It is also a source of questions, reflections and openness to new solutions.
Methods: The article is based on historical and formal-dogmatic methods. The analysis will be conducted in chronological order.
Conclusions: Mediation is a social phenomenon. Within the financial market in France, it is subject to several essential code provisions. Still, its introduction was somewhat ahead of the regulatory process. Currently, we are dealing with regulation and supervision, which are trying to counteract harmful practices on the financial market. Mediation is one of the ways that can serve to protect consumers on the financial market.


ABSTRACT This study proposes a new method to classify image data for two groups and effectively apply it in identifying people infected with COVID-19 based on their lung image. First, we extract each image into a two-dimensional interval based on the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Next, find the prior probability based on the fuzzy relationship between the classified element and the established groups. Finally, combining the above improvements, we propose a new principle similar to the Bayesian method for classification. An image is classified into a group if it has the most significant value for prior probability and the smallest value for the overlap distance between the representative interval for the image and the groups. Applying the set of lung X-ray images to distinguish people infected with COVID-19, the proposed algorithm has given outstanding results compared with many well-known methods. The result also shows that this research can be applied in practice, and has the potential for different fields.


The indiscriminate disposal of non-biodegradable, heavy metal ionic pollutants from various sources, such as refineries, pulp industries, lead batteries, dyes, and other industrial effluents, into the aquatic environment is highly dangerous to the human health as well as to the environment. Among other heavy metals, lead (Pb(II)) ions are some of the most toxic pollutants generated from both anthropogenic and natural sources in very large amounts. Adsorption is the simplest, efficient and economic water decontamination technology. Hence, nanoadsorbents are a major focus of current research for the effective and selective removal of Pb(II) metal ions from aqueous solution. Nanoadsorbents based on graphene and its derivatives play a major role in the effective removal of toxic Pb(II) metal ions. This paper summarizes the applicability of graphene and functionalized graphene-based composite materials as Pb(II) ions adsorbent from aqueous solutions. In addition, the synthetic routes, adsorption process, conditions, as well as kinetic studies have been reviewed.


The Malaysian Way of Life brings together twenty-one short, accessible, insightful and sometimes humorous articles on a wide array of aspects of quintessential Malaysian culture and politics, written by some of the most well-regarded anthropologists in and out of Malaysia. Topics range from food to democracy, theme parks to multiculturalism, cinema to demonstrations and much more. To add further insight to these observations on Malaysian life, comments have been also provided by both scholars and writers in other fields. Whether or not you have wondered about the deeper aspects of durian, the slogan Malaysia Boleh or mosque designs, you will surely discover new perspectives of Malaysia s culture and politics and see them in a different light when you have to read The Malaysian Way of Life.


Considerable soybean yield losses caused by ozone (O3) stress have been demonstrated by large‐scale meta‐analyses of free‐gas concentration enrichment systems. In this study, comparative proteomic approach was employed to explore the differential changes of proteins in O3 target structures such as leaf and chloroplasts of soybean seedlings. Acute O3 exposure (120 parts‐per‐billion) for 3 days did not cause any visible symptoms in developing leaves. However, higher amounts of ROS and lipid peroxidation indicated that severe oxidative burst occurred. Immunoblot analysis of O3‐induced known proteins revealed that proteins were modulated before symptoms became visible. Proteomic analysis identified a total of 20 and 32 differentially expressed proteins from O3‐treated leaf and chloroplast, respectively. Proteins associated with photosynthesis, including photosystem I/II and carbon assimilation decreased following exposure to O3. In contrast, proteins involved in antioxidant defense and carbon metabolism increased. The activity of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism increased following exposure to O3, which is consistent with the decrease in starch and increase in sucrose concentrations. Taken together, these results suggest that carbon allocation is tightly programmed, and starch degradation probably feeds the tricarboxylic acid cycle while the photosynthesis pathway is severely affected during O3 stress.


In the presence of zinc, 3-bromo-3,3-difluoropropene or 3-iodo-1,1-difluoropropene reacted with carbonyl compounds to give the corresponding α,α-difluorohomoallylic alcohols in good yields at 0°C to room temperature. The reaction is applicable to aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, dialkyl ketones, and alkyl aryl ketones. Reaction with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones yielded 1,2-adducts exclusively. However, the reaction could not be extended to esters and acyl chlorides. Other metals such as cadmium and tin could also be used to mediate gem-difluoroallylation. The regiochemistry of this reaction could be rationalized in terms of the more nucleophilic α-carbon of the gem-difluoroallyl intermediate


This study is aimed at analysing computerized accounting system on service delivery in the banking sector. In an effort to accomplish this objective, both primary and secondary data were obtained and analyzed with the aid of table and simple percentage while the hypotheses formulated were tested using Chi-Square. The findings among others revealed that computerized accounting system has significant benefit on service delivery in the banking sector and also computerized accounting system guarantee a reliable banking sector. However, it has been recommended that banks should ensure that their human resources are effective and efficient to complement the computerization effort among the other recommendations.


This paper presents a summary of the research and development of strength theories of rock and concrete (especially in the last two decades in China), offers a prospect for 21st century and gives the nieihod of choosing a reasonable failure criterion for the applications in researches and engineering.


I am writing on behalf of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) in response to the Child Health Update by Drs Gilley and Goldman.[1][1] The National Advisory Committee on Immunization has published a review of the literature, along with a review of Canadian pertussis epidemiology


The challenge of shaping human experiences with intelligent products has urged design researchers to move from a user-centred towards a thing-centred approach. By investigating use from the perspective of 'digital things', designers can better understand how objects influence human experience as part of socio-material systems. The research presented contributes with studying the role of theatre methods in facilitating this move. Whereas earlier work with scenario acting and role-play primarily focuses on use, my study shows that Object Theatre can help challenge stereotypical notions of product use to reveal sentimental human experiences with things. The paper analyses how two new object theatre methods, Object Cemetery and Talking Objects, develop shared understandings between designers on two projects: the design of booking systems and health tracking systems. The developed methods reveal the experienced qualities of digital products beyond efficiency and convenience, and enable a collaborative negotiation of design directions.


Using electron-positron annihilation data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.5 fb , collected by the BESIII detector in the energy region between and , we report the first observations of the Cabibbo-suppressed decays , , and the Cabibbo-favored decay with statistical significances of , , and , respectively. The branching fractions of these decays are measured to be %, %, and %, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. We find that the branching fraction of the decay is about one order of magnitude higher than that of .


The transmission and reflection properties of a homogeneous anisotropic uniaxial layer are discussed. The layer may be transparent or absorbing. Analytic expressions are given for the elements of a 4*4 mode matrix M characterizing such a layer, for any angle of incidence and for arbitrary orientation of the optic axis. The reflection and transmission amplitudes are given in terms of elements of a layer matrix L=MPM-1, where the diagonal phase matrix P has as elements the phase factors for the ordinary and extraordinary waves as they traverse the layer in the forward and backward directions. Analytic expressions for the reflection and transmission amplitudes are given explicitly for the case when the optic axis of the layer lies in the plane of incidence, when the layer is thin, and when the layer anisotropy is weak. Application is made to anisotropic antireflection coatings, and to the modelling of slightly rough surfaces by anisotropic layers.


viduals are more predisposed. Among the African American, Hispanic, and Asian populations, keloids occur in 6% to 16% of individuals. Hormonal factors are also thought to contribute to keloid formation. Keloids can appear during puberty and regress after menopause. Patients with cutaneous disorders that have an inflammatory or infectious component, such as cellulitis, pilonidal cysts, and foreignbody reactions, have a special predisposition for keloids.


Abstract This study examines the socio-demographic determinants of household expenditures on life insurance in Malaysia. Cragg's two-part regression model is applied to data of 20,313 sample households from the 2009–2010 Malaysian Household Expenditure Survey to examine the determinants of purchase decisions and expenditure level for life insurance. Results of marginal effects, segmented by ethnicity, suggest that while socio-demographic factors are important determinants of life insurance demand, the effects vary across ethnic groups in Malaysia. For instance, wealth and education levels are associated with purchase likelihoods and amount of life insurance premiums purchased across ethnic groups. However, household size, regional location, urbanicity, and occupation type are associated with life insurance demand within certain ethnic groups only. Based on these results, several observations are noted vis-à-vis the life insurance market in Malaysia.


Groundwaters found in aquifers play an important role in the hydrological cycle and are essential for human activities and for natural ecosystems. They account for approximately one third of the human fresh water withdrawals and sustain ecosystems by supplying soil moisture during dry periods. Climate change will impact every components of the climate system and aquifers are no exception. Precipitation is the main driver of groundwater recharge and relatively shallow aquifers respond rather quickly to changes in the precipitation rates. Thus, climate change should have an impact on water table depths and could lead to water scarcity and food insecurity in some regions. Therefore, knowing the response of the aquifers to climate change is important to improve the development of mitigation and adaptation plans in water management.

Here, the response of unconfined shallow aquifers to climate change is assessed at the global scale using the global climate model developed in our institute (CNRM) : CNRM-CM6 and CNRM-ESM2. We analyse simulations conducted for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) following four pathways of greenhouse gas concentrations until 2100. The CNRM models are the only global climate models representing the physicals processes involving aquifers. Results show that aquifers should replenish at the global scale on average, which is consistent with the projected global intensification of precipitation. However, the evolution of water table depths is not uniform and presents large regional disparities. Additionally to climate change, anthropogenic impacts like intensive groundwater withdrawals for agricultural, domestic and industrial purposes should exacerbate the depletion in some aquifers basins. In order to identify these regions, the evolution of the water table depths is compared with the population density. This analysis highlights the widening risk of water stress in some already aquifer-dependant regions.


The aim of this research was to develop membranes of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CH), capable of absorbing an Aloe Vera solution and gradually releasing to accelerate wound healing. The methodology involved varying the membrane's composition using Chitosan and Polyvinyl Alcohol at 5 and 10% w/v, and implementing different PVA/CH relations of 30/70, 50/50 and 70/30 (v/v) and embed them in a 2% (v/v) Aloe Vera solution to create hydrogels. Once hydrogels were obtained, they were characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electronic Microscopy, and evaluated by mechanical and absorption tests as well as bactericide activity assays. The crosslinking degree between PVA/CH allowed obtaining a matrix with high absorption capacity and with gradual release of Aloe Vera, with mechanical properties and dimensional stability even after rehydration. Bactericide assays showed chitosan and Aloe Vera protective activity, which indicates this compound may be suitable for applications that help in wound healing.


The purpose of this article is to revead Li Wenzao's Liu li chang shu si ji, from the perspective of City Commerce, therefore discuss about the distribution and source of goods of the book marketplaces of Beijing City during the Qian Long period. Li Wenzao was famous for his article, Liu li chang shu si ji, which is the most important source of research of the history of book marketplaces of Beijng City. He was also a famous book collector and epigrapher in Shantong area during Qian Long period. Book marketplace was called Shu ci or Shu tan, means the place where book trade take place in. The traditional study of the history of Chinese book makes a great point of the production of the books, like writing, publishing, editing and print, or of the collection, therefore pays less attention on the book marketplace, namely regard the books as commodity and deliberate their viewpoint of consumption. As a matter of fact, during Ming and Qing dynasties, market economy prospered, book readers and collectors acquired their books mostly from the market trade rather than presentation, succession or hand copy. These situations make the study of the book marketplace very important. At the same time, book marketplace as a part of the whole marketplace, was also restricted and influenced by the commercial development, and this point of view is also neglected by the most of the scholars. This article is an attempt to study distribution of the book marketplaces and source of goods of Beijing City during Qian Long period from the perspective above, and discuss the relation between the matter above and city commerce and change of the inhabitant structure.


The take-off speed of freestyle skiing aerials is one of the key factors which can decide the success. However, the take-off speed depends on snow quality, circumstance condition, in-run slope angle, in-run distance, air resistance and skiers' action. By using sports biomechanics, mathematical model and numerical simulation method and combining theory with experiment, this study sets up a mathematical model of outside circumstance and skiers' self-adjustment, simulates the changes of inside and outside stress in each stage of sliding, calculates the parameters intuitively and then forms into speed values. The setup of this model can provide scientific guidance for ensuring necessary take-off speed for specific actions.


To my schoolteacher Mauro, who taught me how to doubt i 1 An introduction to inquisitive semantics 1 1.1 Information states and the classical update perspective .


In addition to synthesizing biofunctionalized magnetic nanopaticles for the purpose of magnetically labeling biomolecules, a system to measure the ac magnetic susceptibility of the labeled sample was developed. When a targeted biomolecule was mixed with magnetic fluid possessing biofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticles, portions of magnetic nanoparticles agglomerated to form clusters due to the association with the targeted biomolecule. Due to the formation of magnetic clusters, the measured ac magnetic susceptibility reduced. The relationship between the mixed-frequency ac magnetic susceptibility reduction and the amount of the detected biomolecule was established.


This paper establishes a cumulative logistic regression model in analyzing technological capability-upgrading of latecomer firms. We esdablishes an analytical framework of technological capability-upgrading of latecomer firms, and chooses automobile parts industry for empirical test. The results give us a more deepened understanding of the technological capability-upgrading mechanism of middle-tech manufacturing industry. The study finds that external linkages are not major factors for technological innovation capabilities in Chinese automobile parts firms whose innovation patterns are ralatively closed. Internal RD, external RD cooperation and size of firms are key factors for innovation capability-buliding.


The method includes receiving a request from a source system to save the data, and send data to the computer memory, the computer memory is also adopted cipher system -, interconnected in a network of computer system nodes, any physical storage device in the network even to storing the continuous transfer of data from one computer memory to another computer memory without - it includes - each computer memory employing the encryption scheme also. It is subsequently transferred to, and to determine an address by to receive data of the available node based on one or more factors, and transmits a message to transfer the data with the address of a specific node for the requester to the source system, the particular node It includes detecting the presence of data in the memory and, in a network of interconnected computer system nodes, in storing the transmission data to another computer memory of a node without any physical storage device.


The Born rule is a rule that a probability we observe a small particle like an electron is proportional to the square of the absolute value of the wave function. In this paper, we try to derive the Born rule from the many-worlds interpretation. Many researchers have tried to derive the Born rule (also called Born's rule, Born's law, or probability interpretation) from Many-Worlds Interpretation (MWI). However, no one succeeds. Thus, the derivation of Born's rule had become an important issue for MWI. We try to derive Born's rule by introducing an elementary event of probability theory to the quantum theory as a new method. We interpret the wave function as a manifold like a three-dimensional sphere, and interpret the absolute value of the wave function as the surface area of the manifold. We suppose that the manifold exists in the discrete space that has lattice points. We interpret a point on the surface of the manifold as a state that we cannot divide any more, an elementary state. We draw an arrow from any point to any point. We interpret an arrow as an event that we cannot divide any more, an elementary event. Probability is proportional to the number of elementary events, and the number of elementary events is the square of the number of elementary states. The number of elementary states is proportional to the surface area of the manifold, and the surface area of the manifold is the absolute value of the wave function. Therefore, the probability is proportional to the square of the absolute value of the wave function.


Significance In this study, we have developed a unique global black carbon (BC) emission inventory using a 10-km grid based on the latest source and emission factor information. The inventory is used to model BC concentrations using a global atmospheric aerosol climate model, with a high-resolution grid for Asia, to better resolve the exposure of populations to elevated BC concentration. The model with even higher resolution (10 km) is used for the North China Plain. Finally, the population exposure concentrations are evaluated. Black carbon (BC) is increasingly recognized as a significant air pollutant with harmful effects on human health, either in its own right or as a carrier of other chemicals. The adverse impact is of particular concern in those developing regions with high emissions and a growing population density. The results of recent studies indicate that BC emissions could be underestimated by a factor of 2–3 and this is particularly true for the hot-spot Asian region. Here we present a unique inventory at 10-km resolution based on a recently published global fuel consumption data product and updated emission factor measurements. The unique inventory is coupled to an Asia-nested (∼50 km) atmospheric model and used to calculate the global population exposure to BC with fully quantified uncertainty. Evaluating the modeled surface BC concentrations against observations reveals great improvement. The bias is reduced from −88% to −35% in Asia when the unique inventory and higher-resolution model replace a previous inventory combined with a coarse-resolution model. The bias can be further reduced to −12% by downscaling to 10 km using emission as a proxy. Our estimated global population-weighted BC exposure concentration constrained by observations is 2.14 μg⋅m−3; 130% higher than that obtained using less detailed inventories and low-resolution models.


At last, the finalists have presented their work and the jury has chosen the winners. Jeetha D'Silva reports from the glitzy New Delhi awards ceremony


Method for the heat treatment by induction of certain surfaces of an article, which has a hub (210) and a plurality of pins (220) or tube approaches that come out from there, wherein the surfaces that are to be subjected to the heat treatment, the surfaces (235 ) of the pins (220) include. The method uses an induction coil (300) which produces a planar field which is adapted to the regular shape of the component (100), namely that the induction coil (300) produces magnetic fields that are suitable such, induction currents in the to induce surfaces (235) of the pins (220) of the component (100) and heat them thereby. The method and the induction coil (300) are particularly suitable to carry out a curing process by heat treatment by means of induction for the surface (235) of pins (220), as in the tripod type stars steel in constant velocity joints of the tripod-type be used.


In this paper, we consider physical-layer security for device-to-device (D2D) communications underlaying cellular networks in which cellular users are under threat from multiple eavesdroppers. We propose an access selection scheme for D2D users to protect cellular users against eavesdropping. Specifically, in our proposed scheme, multiple D2D users whose distance to the cellular user is more than the threshold we set will be selected to share the same spectrum as that of the cellular user, and the interference generated by the selected D2D users can be seen as a jamming measure to interrupt the eavesdropping. Then, we consider the secrecy throughput as a standard based on which the security performance of our proposed scheme is quantified, and we derive a closed-form expression for the secrecy throughput of a cellular user with the aid of stochastic geometry. Moreover, by using the optimization method, we prove the existence of optimal threshold and design an iterative algorithm based on the advance-and-retreat method to determine the optimal threshold. Simulation results show that our access selection scheme can effectively improve the physical-layer security of cellular users and that the maximum secrecy throughput can be achieved with the optimal threshold.


We report on the application of protective capping layers for nonultrahigh vacuum (UHV) transport of BeTe layers. It allows the subsequent recovery of the clean BeTe(100) surface by thermal decapping in UHV. For capping tellurium/selenium double layers with a thickness of about 0.2 μm are employed. After decapping by annealing which results in the desorption of Se at 150 °C and of Te at 260 °C, the low-energy electron diffraction pattern confirms the reestablishment of (2×1) surface reconstruction of BeTe(100). Subsequent annealing to 520 °C results in (3×1) reconstruction. In situ monitoring by Raman spectroscopy and reflection anisotropy spectroscopy is used to control the decapping process and the subsequent annealing-induced change in surface reconstruction.


During the excavations of the synagogue in Capharnaum (from 1969 to 1981), the archaeologist Virgilio Corbo, with the assistance of this writer, catalogued more than 24,000 bronze coins. During those years fifteen trenches were opened within the internal section of the synagogue. Ten of these are located in the prayer room, four in the eastern courtyard, and one in the southern balcony. Not included in this mass of coins (but in no way less important) are those found in the large external area which directly connects the synagogue to the rest of the ancient city. In this short writing I propose to answer two questions. 1) From which stratigraphic context do these coins come? 2) What archaeological evaluation has been proposed? I take up this argument to introduce the study which Dr. E. Arslan contributed for this issue of the LA concerning the treasure discovered in Trench 12. At the same time I hope that my article will receive due consideration in the current debate about the chronology of the synagogue. 1. The strata In the excavation of the synagogue we have distinguished, from bottom to top, three basic strata. They are labelled by the letters A, B, C. Level A: structures, destroyed or partially reused to make place for the construction of the white limestone synagogue. Level B: artificial fill for the podium of the monumental synagogue. Level C: layer of mortar for the setting of the stone pavement and of the side benches. I will describe the basic characteristics of these strata beginning from the top. Stratum C was found in the entire area of the prayer room and in the eastern courtyard, while it is lacking in the southern balcony, at least in the area of Trench 18. The whitish mortar is about 30 centimeters thick and most probably comes from the same limestone brought from far away for the construction of the synagogue. In the prayer room our ten trenches were intentionally opened in those places where the original stone pavement was not preserved. By systematically clearing the top face of the well preserved mortar, it became possible to restore the complete general scheme of the


We study a multiperiod network revenue management problem where a seller sells multiple products made from multiple resources with finite capacity in an environment where the underlying demand func...


Poorly coordinated transfers can cause transferring passengers to miss connections and endure long waiting times. Selective holding of vehicles to allow easy connections is one means of improving transfer performance. With reasonably accurate knowledge of vehicle location from APTS and ITS advancements, there is great potential to utilize real-time location information to make better holding decisions. The Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority is the initial focus of our research efforts. Park Street, the transfer point between the Green and Red Lines, has the highest transfer activity within the system with over 56,000 daily transfers. In particular transfers from the Red Line to the Green Line Westbound have the greatest potential for significant benefits from coordination. A deterministic, analytical model is formulated to maximize total expected benefits from a hold, measured in equivalent net in-vehicle minutes saved from coordination recognizing the disbenefits to delayed passengers. An important assumption in the model is that passengers perceive out-of-vehicle time as more onerous than in-vehicle time. The analytical model results suggest that higher minimum holding thresholds eliminate borderline holds and improve the average benefit per held train. A simulation model is then designed to assess the actual benefits from holding trains, incorporating more realistic assumptions about the actual transferring process. Several assumptions made in the analytical model are relaxed such as the assumptions of fixed dwell times, of perfect prediction capabilities as well as of constant passenger arrivals. The simulation model results show that transfer coordination could produce daily savings of about 6,000 passenger-minutes. Total benefits produced by the analytical and simulation model differ significantly, primarily due to the assumption of perfect prediction capabilities in the analytical model. Sensitivity tests show that the model is most sensitive to changes in α, the perceived waiting time ratio. Decreases in α result in fewer holds, but also affect fewer people and improve passenger-benefit ratios. Results of the Park Street model are applicable to any rail-to-rail transfer context and could be expanded to improve rail-to-bus and bus-to-bus connections. Thesis Supervisor: Nigel H.M. Wilson Title: Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering


The utility model relates to a cylinder control valve, which is provided with a valve body. The valve body is combined with a two-section cylinder with different internal diameters of the caliber to form the cylinder control valve. The blocking and stopping of a piston which is arranged at the lower section of the cylinder and the upper section of the cylinder with smaller inner diameter is used for blocking and controlling the stroke of the piston. The inner diameter of the inclined intubation which connects the valve body and the cylinder is enlarged to avoid the friction and blocking of a valve cock and the wall of the inclined intubation when a switch is controlled.


Our paper provides a comprehensive examination of issues and concerns in the current unresolved debate over the existence of loss avoidance behavior. We rely on a methodology that avoids previous strong assumptions for approximating pre-managed earnings and provide, instead, new earnings management tests. The primary issue that we consider is whether firms alter the normal evolution of earnings around the zero profit line relative to other nearby locations in the earnings distribution. Using generalized logistic regressions, we find that firms starting in adjacent intervals of the cumulative earnings distribution after three quarters generally have the same odds of experiencing a given fourth quarter earnings except when such fourth quarter evolutions result in annual earnings in close proximity to the zero profit line. It is there that the odds of a given magnitude of fourth quarter earnings diverge in favor of firms experiencing smallest annual profits, in comparison to firms experiencing smallest annual losses. Our results are robust to the choice of earnings measure: earnings scaled by size, net income, and earnings-per-share.


Summary form only given. InnovaTek is developing a family of products for surface decontamination using nonequilibrium corona plasma technology. The products are designed to be portable and applicable for a wide range of both chemical and biological contaminants. Each device generates a corona discharge in air creating active species that react with surface contaminants and eradicate them. This technology is being developed under a contract with the Department of Defense for battlefield destruction of chemical and biological agents. However, our products are also being developed for a range of commercial applications, including health care, pharmaceutical, food safety, and emergency response decontamination needs.


Personalized location prediction is key to many mobile applications and services. In this paper, motivated by both statistical and visualized preliminary analysis on three real datasets, we observe a strong spatiotemporal correlation for user trajectories among the visited area-of-interests (AoIs) and different time periods on both weekly and daily basis, which directly motivates our time-aware location prediction model design called "<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq1-3005735.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-LocPred". It models the spatial correlations among AoIs by coarse-grained convolutional processing of the user trajectories in AoIs of different time periods ("ConvAoI"); and predicts his/her fine-grained next visited PoI using a novel memory-augmented attentive LSTM model ("mem-attLSTM") to capture long-term behavior patterns. Experimental results show that <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq2-3005735.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-LocPred outperforms 8 baselines. We also show the impact of hyperparameters and the benefits ConvAoI can bring to these baselines.


Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) patterning is a process for electrically transferring the micro- or nano-structures on a template onto a thin polymer film. The process involves applying an electric field to the patterned template and the substrate, which results in the template and substrate behaving like an electrode pair. The height of replication for EHD patterning has been limited at the nano-scale in previously proposed techniques because the electric field is sensitive to the spacer height of the template. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the template-modulated electric field on the formation of replication. We show that templates with conductive patterns allow for large field changes and enlarge the spacer height. Replication heights ranging from 1.5 to 8 µm can be achieved using templates with conductive patterns.


The double-aperture method has been used to correct the nonlinearity of the transmittance scale of an accurate double-beam spectrophotometer. The nonlinearity was found to be mainly due to the detector (photomultiplier) and slightly due to electronics (a bit error of the A/D converter). Transmittance correction quantities have been determined to permit measurements to an accuracy of better than 10-4 transmittance units.


On 15 April 2010 The Honourable J J Spigelman AC, Chief Justice of New South Wales, presented the Inaugural Address to the Law, Governance and Social Justice Forum convened by the Faculty of Law at the University of New South Wales. His Honour's lecture was entitled 'Violence Against Women: The Dimension of Fear' and sought to develop a particular theme on which he had lectured the previous year — namely, the underappreciated importance of what his Honour then termed the 'forgotten freedom', being freedom from fear, to contemporary human rights discourse. As his Honour's title on this most recent occasion indicates, his concern was with violence against women (and contemporary legislative and policy efforts, both Australian and international, to ameliorate or eradicate the problem). As the title of the present piece also hopefully indicates, my concern in responding critically here to his Honour's intervention into debates surrounding violence against women is to examine certain (of his) assumptions about culture and tradition.


Skeletal muscle hypertrophy occurs when muscle protein synthesis (MPS) exceeds muscle protein breakdown (MPB). The most efficient way to increase MPS and thus result in muscle accretion can be done through resistance training (RT) and consumption of dietary protein. However, the quality, quantity, and timing of dietary protein are key variables that can influence MPS and muscle hypertrophy. With regard to protein quality, milk proteins (whey) seem to be superior to plant proteins such as soy. Furthermore, the maximal quantity of high-quality dietary protein to stimulate MPS following RT in young men is 20 g, whereas, in the elderly (age>65 years), at least 35-40 g of high-quality dietary protein maximizes MPS. There is no difference in MPS following RT in women compared to men despite having lower testosterone. The leucine content of a dietary protein source can also influence protein quality and quantity and is a potent stimulator of MPS. However, the timing and distribution of dietary protein following RT seems to be equivocal. Therefore, the focus of this review is to examine protein timing (pre-workout, post-workout, throughout the day) on maximizing muscle anabolism in various populations: untrained, trained, elderly, and different genders. Based on the literature, more research is needed on protein timing in women and the elderly following RT. Finally, a proposed study on investigating the chronic effects of protein quantity and distribution following RT is suggested to fill the gaps in the literature as most of the studies on this topic are acute in nature.


The accelerating structure of the UNK consists of two cavities, working at 200 MHz and fed by an RF power generator via a 3dB hybrid. The UNK bunched proton beam will have an extremely high intensity (6.10/sup 14/ppp) and therefore the problem of acceleration stability is a paramount one. One of the causes of instability is known to be higher order modes (HOM) excited by the beam itself in the accelerating structure. In order to eliminate the beam instability the HOM coupling impedances must be reduced to a certain threshold level. A threshold value of the coupling impedance for the first ring of the UNK is Z/sub cn = 6 - 16 /spl Omega/ (the first ring contains 16 accelerating cavities). Here n is the HOM frequency - revolution frequency ratio. In this report the damping system reducing the cavity HOM impedances to the threshold level is described.<<ETX>>


Novel ascorbic acid derivatives which are stabilized to heat and light as compared with L-ascorbic acid and which are excellent in preservability and penetration into the skin and can be speedily hydrolyzed with phosphatase widely distributed in the living body to exert healthful physiological activities inherent in L- ascorbic acid; a process for the production thereof; and skin-whitening cosmetics containing the same. Specifically, ascorbic acid derivatives represented by the general formula (I), that is, L-ascorbic acid 2- phosphates wherein the phosphate moiety has branched alkyl, or salts thereof; a process for the production of the ascorbic acid derivatives which comprises reacting a branched alkanol with phosphorus oxychloride to form a monoalkyldichloro phosphate or a dialkylmonochloro phosphate, reacting the phosphate with 5,6-O-isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid separately prepared by reacting L-ascorbic acid with acetone, and then hydrolyzing the obtained compound with an acid into an ascorbic acid derivative whose phosphate moiety has branched alkyl; and skin-whitening cosmetics containing 0.05 to 80 % by weight of the derivatives: (I) wherein R1 and R2 are each hydrogen (H) or branched alkyl of 3 to 30 carbon atoms, with the proviso that the case wherein both R1 and R2 are hydrogen (H) is excepted.


IN THIS ISSUE Doctors Stemmer and Connolly present a highly readable compendium of clinical observations concerning the various pathologic disturbances of visceral blood supply. It is a thoroughly researched document which chronicles the entry of medical and surgical thought into an area which was once the sole domain of the physiologist. Since they first became aware of the increase of mesenteric blood flow that accompanies the entrance of food into the intestine, physiologists have sought to clarify the mysteries that influence visceral blood supply. They appear to have identified a unique and extremely sensitive vascular system which has an autoregulatory mechanism with vasomotor responses unlike those in other vascular systems. Exaggerations of these responses can precipitate profound pathologic disturbances. Examples are the spotty intestinal 'gangrene caused by clinical shock when other organ systems retain viability, and the massive intestinal necrosis in Gram-negative sepsis, left heart failure, and other chronic low output syndromes. That these can occur in the absence of occlusive lesions in the mesenteric vessels suggests a breakdown of the normal humoral and neural mechanisms that preserve intestinal blood supply. Two California surgeons, Dunphy and Mikkelson, must be credited with beginning the new era in the clinical management of chronic visceral ischemic syndromes caused by mesenteric arterial disease. Although the existence of these syndromes had long been suspected, Dunphy was the first to show that symptoms of chronic postprandial abdominal pain were often premonitory to the appearance of fatal 'intestinal gangrene. Mikkelson almost 20 years later was the first to demonstrate that relief of these symptoms could be provided by surgical removal of an obstruction in a mesenteric artery. The accuracy of arteriographic diagnosis and the refinement of surgical techniques that have now made possible the successful reconstruction of occluded or stenosed mesenteric arteries have created new questions in diagnosis and management. Why is one so rarely able to demonstrate functional changes in the intermittently ischemic gut? Are there other intestinal syndromes besides the one characterized by epigastric pain after eating? Is prophylactic operation indicated for the asymptomatic patient with multiple visceral occlusive lesions? Is "mesenteric steal" a real syndrome since for it to occur one must postulate an amendment to the accepted rules governing blood flow? Should both arteries be reopened in the symptomatic patient with lesions obstructing both the celiac and superior mesentary artery? If only one artery needs revascularization, which should it be? In the absence of major differences in collateral blood flow, why do some patients with median arcuate compression of the celiac artery have severe pain relievable by operation while others are completely symptom free? It is to be hoped that in the foreseeable future another medical progress report will supply answers to these questions. EDWIN J. WYLIE, MD Professor of Surgery University of California, San Francisco


The Muon Spectrometer of the ATLAS experiment [1] consists of three large air core toroidal magnets, one barrel and two end-caps. The bending power is about 3 and 5 Tm respectively. Tracking in the range |η| < 2 is done with regular arrays of 3 cm diameter high pressure drift tubes, called MDT, arranged in three measurement stations. The aim of the experiment is a relative resolution of 10% at transverse momentum of 1 TeV/c. At this value, the resolution is limited by the detectors alignment and the single point resolution. The second should not exceed 80 μm per tube, averaged over the drift distance. The gas composition (93%Ar-7%CO2) and gain (2·104), chosen in order to limit the aging, makes the drift response function, r(t), highly non linear, thus it depends on temperature, pressure and local value of the magnetic field. An auto-calibration method has been developed to calculate from the data themselves the r(t) function and to extract the resolution function. This method has been extensively tested on a beam of high momentum muons to study systematic effects and the statistics needed to guarantee that the calibration error is indeed much smaller than the single point resolution. We describe the analysis of these data, and present the results on the convergence of the auto-calibration as a function of the track angular range, the number of tracks, the track fit quality requirements, the correlation between angle and position measurement, for both three and four tube layers.


Finding the anomaly of high temperature is the key to the geothermal exploration. In this paper, the various factors that influence the temperature are analyzed. Taking the distribution of geothermal field in Cangxian uplift as case study example, forward modeling is conducted. It is found that the lateral heterogeneity of materials caused by tectonic movement is one of the main controlling factors of the regional geothermal field. Based on this observation, a "sweet spot model" for causing high abnormal temperature (geothermal anomaly) is proposed. It is pointed out that any anomalous heat source in the long history of geological evolution may not be sufficient to support the local or partial abnormal high temperature. The magmatic activity, radioactive heat generation and fault on the rock temperature may not be the only controlling factors. The temperature in the paleo-uplift area is characteristic of "mirrored reflection" in vertical direction in some cases.


Communities who happen to live where there is potential for big money to be made from mining the resources from under their feet, face a daunting set of challenges. Many people are saying 'No' to mining capital, and many communities are divided. We consider the thinking and praxis of militants from a number of areas in the province of KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) who are thinking resistance to a wave of real and prospective new coal mining initiatives. We conclude that this irruption of the "No" is simultaneously powerful and fragile. It is the assertion of the human life of the people against the forces of death. Provided the struggle that unfolds remains faithful to the fundamental 'No' that originated it, then it stops simply reproducing or modestly-reforming that world as-it-is, but instead marks out an emancipatory future of what could be.


In recent years, bone cutting tool-ultrasound osteotome has been used in the treatment of spinal stenosis. However, the contact force has a great influence on its cutting performance. The cutting speed will be reduced, if the connecting force is too small or too excessive. At present, the clamping devices at the end of the surgical auxiliary robot are mostly rigid connections, which will lead to the instability of the contact force between the surgical instruments and the vertebrae and the inability to achieve efficient and safe grinding. In this paper, a flexible force stabilizer for clamping ultrasonic bone knives is designed based on active-passive combined control mode. A flexible element is added in the ending grasp device to eliminate the sudden change of the contact force. An adaptive fuzzy controller is designed outside the loop to adjust the ideal contact force between the osteotome and the lamina according to the difference with the actual contact force for real-time adjustment. Through comparison experiments, the validity and feasibility of the active-passive combined hybrid control method for the contact force control of the end of the bone knife was verified.


The development of donor‐reactive antibodies is regarded to be an important barrier limiting long‐term outcome of allo‐ and xenografts. We asked whether enhanced signaling via the co‐inhibitory receptor programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1; CD279) can downregulate human B‐cell activation.


A geochemical and petrological study of Miocene to recent alkalibasalts, basanites, hawaiites, mugearites, trachytes, and phonoliteserupted within the Harrat Ash Shamah volcanic field wasperformed to reconstruct the magmatic evolution of southern Syria.The major element composition of the investigated lavas is mainlycontrolled by fractional crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene, Fe^Ti oxides and apatite; feldspar fractionation is restrictedto the most evolved lavas. Na


The most basic questions about the physical state of the solar corona remain unanswered after more than 50 years of study through remote-sensing observations. Although we know it to have temperatures that exceed 10 6 K, we do not know the linkage of mechanisms that both provide and dissipate the energy flux needed to sustain its existence. An abbreviated sample of basic questions is: What is the role of magnetic activity in the generation of plasma energy flux that may heat the corona? What are the size scales and temporal cadence of this activity? What is the role of suprathermal electrons generated by this activity in heating overlying layers? What is the role of waves in coronal heating processes? Do they provide the primary energy input from sources close to the photosphere or are they secondary to interactions in the corona between fine-scale plasma jets driven by, e.g. magnetic activity, that may lead to large-scale Alfven and fast-mode waves, fast-mode shocks and plasma instabilities? If so, what drives the plasma jets and how do their properties depend on, and also shape, the macroscopic structure of the corona? How does the mix of semicoherent wave packets generated by the interaction between plasma jets evolve into a turbulent flow? What is the feedback of this turbulence on the suprathermal particle population and how does the energy flux that this population carries evolve with heliocentric distance? What mix of processes in the corona differentiate between low and high speed solar wind ?


1. The characteristics of gastrin‐stimulated gastric acid secretion were investigated in conscious cats fitted with chronic cannulated gastric fistulae, with particular reference to tachyphylaxis. 2. There is a significant postive correlation between the peak acid secretion in response to pentagastrin 8 microgram kg‐1 hr‐1 and body weight. Male cats secret significantly greater amounts of acid in response to pentagastrin than females. The difference is lessened, but not eliminated, by expressing the acid out put in terms of body weight. 3. Pentagastrin stimulates a dose‐dependent increase in acid secretion in the range 0.5‐32 microgram kg‐1 hr‐1 when the response to each dose is assayed on separate occasions. Pentagastrin 64 microgram kg‐1 hr‐1 does not produce a further increase in acid secretion. The acid response to pentagastrin 1‐16 microgram kg‐1 hr‐1 assayed on a single occasion by a continuous infusion method shows a dose‐response relationship up to 8 microgram kg‐1 hr‐1 when it reaches a plateau of secretion. There is no difference between the two methods of assaying the gastric acid stimulating activity using doses of pentagastrin up to 8 microgram kg‐1 hr‐1. 4 The acid secretion in response to pentagastrin 8 microgram kg‐1 hr‐1 reaches a maximum after 45 min of stimulation and thereafter shows tachyphylaxis. Over a period of 5 hr there are at least two phases of tachyphylaxis distinguishable. During the period 0.75‐‐2.5 hr of stimulation there is a fast phase of tachyphylaxis (‐32.0 muequivH+kg‐1 15 min‐1). This is followed by a slow phase of tachyphylaxis (‐9.4 muequivH+kg‐1 15 min‐1) up to 5 hr of stimulation. 5. The absolute rate of the fast phase of tachyphylaxis of acid secretion (muequivH+kg‐1 15 min‐1) increases with increasing doses of pentagastrin, but rates of tachyphylaxis are similar when expressed as a percentage of the peak acid response to the particular dose of pentagastrin (5.1‐‐7.8% 15 min‐1). Synthetic human gastrin‐17, the synthetic C‐terminal decapeptide of human gastrin and the C‐terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin have comparable rates of tachyphylaxis. The possible receptor models for the tachyphylaxis of gastrin‐stimulated acid secretion are discussed.


Not only have insulin and better diet management greatly changed the prospects for the diabetic, but the added protection from infectious disease, once the bane of the diabetic's existence, provided by the sulfas and antibiotics have edged his prospects of longevity closer to those of the perfectly healthy person. The facts and figures tell for the first time how this happy circumstance is so.