effective, specific therapy for an intracellular enzyme deficiency state, Gaucher disease, and this therapy provided a positive transformation of the lives of people suffering from this devastating disease. As is evident from the contributions in this supplement, much more has been learned than just the ability to alleviate many of the Gaucher disease manifestations in afflicted individuals. Fundamental to progress in learning more about Gaucher disease has been the compilation and analysis of Gaucher disease manifestations, their natural progression, their response to specific therapies, and the emergence of comorbidities. This knowledge can only be derived from datasets of sufficient size to allow rigorous analyses. The International Collaborative Gaucher Group (ICGG) Gaucher Registry (clinicaltrials.gov NCT00358943), with its independent oversight, continues to provide detailed and expanding datasets to facilitate such analyses and encourage investigators to ask penetrating, patientrelevant questions. As Grabowski et al. point out in their contribution to this supplement, ICGG Gaucher Registry analyses have radically changed the perception of Gaucher disease type 1 from a late-onset indolent disorder to a disease that has onset during the pediatric years in >50% of patients with the disease (i.e., a progressive disease of childhood and adolescence). This is true even in patients with the "mild N370S/N370S genotype," indicating the need to abandon such subjective attributions to genotypes. As highlighted by Mistry et al. in the first review of this supplement, long-term, progressive morbidity of untreated or late-treated adults with Gaucher disease type 1 is now well-delineated and an essential part of the decision-making process around treatment options. Also, as reviewed by Charrow et al., sufficient data are now becoming available from the ICGG Gaucher Registry to track treatment outcomes over the long-term, and identify the limits of enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs). Certainly, these outcomes provide comparison standards for other new therapeutic approaches. Critically important has been the emerging recognition of comorbidities in Gaucher disease type 1, including malignancies and Parkinson's/Lewy body disease, which Cox et al. review in their contribution to this supplement. Clearly, further studies/analyses will elucidate the expected ethnic and demographic variations in Gaucher disease type 1 so that therapeutic interventions can not only be tailored to the individual, but also to his/her specific ethnic predilections to ensure greater personalized treatment programs and enhanced outcomes. Of additional significance to the field of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), the ICGG Gaucher Registry is a prototype for the other LSD registries, analyses, and directions. These other registries are now becoming sufficiently mature to contribute, similarly to the ICGG Gaucher Registry, to enhanced and data-driven improvements in patient care. In this way, the ICGG Gaucher Registry, similar to ERT for Gaucher disease type 1, has been transformative for patients and for the field of LSDs and their treatments.


This work is concerned with the design of an observer for Switched Linear Systems (SLS) subject to an unknown switching signal. The convergence of the proposed SLS observer is proved, based on observability results for SLS, for the following two cases. First, it is shown that if the discrete state of the SLS is observable, then the observer estimates the switching signal, even though the individual Linear System (LS) may not be observable. And second, it is shown how the observer may provide an estimate of the continuous variables, even though the discrete state is unknown.


Pre-epitaxial (001)InP substrate cleaning, growth of In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As heterostructures lattice-matched to InP substrate by molecular beam epitaxy technique and manufacturing processes of microwave photodiodes with Schottky barrier are developed in this work.


This article examines the federal ligislative and information policy leadership roles of the American Library Association. A brief history of ALA's Washington office is followed by a review of research and scholarship on the objectives and techniques of public interest lobbying. The outcomes of two legislative initiatives from the 1979 White House Conference on Libraries and Information, the National Indian Omnibus Library Bill, and the National Periodicals Center, are examined to see what can be learned that is potentially relevant to legislative proposals emerging from the Second White House Conference.


The United Nations celebrated 2005 as the International Year of Microcredit. And, in 2006, the Grameen Bank and its founder Muhammad Yunus were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for the contributions of microfinance in combating poverty and empowering women. Yunus (2013) claims that access to microfinance has the potential to empower economically poor people who have been ignored by the formal banking sector due to lack of collateral. And, as women constitute a greater proportion of the poor population, microfinance institutions preferentially target women in the provision of loans. Proponents of microfinance argue that providing credit to women 'leads to a set of mutually-reinforcing 'virtuous spirals' of increasing economic empowerment, improved well-being and social/political/legal empowerment for women' (Mayoux 1999: 959). Microfinance institutions point out the fact that a large number of women use microloans and that the loan recovery rate is around 98 per cent and support the narrative that microfinance enables women to establish microenterprises and generate profits sufficient enough to repay the loan and empower themselves, attracting the attention of governments and international development organizations (Karim 2011: xxii). The success of microfinance institutions is even more appealing as rural Bangladeshi women, facing many socio-cultural limitations, prove to be creditworthy clients in a country that has one of the poorest economies in the world (Karim 2011: xiv). Either these women are becoming successful microentrepreneurs with access to microcredit, or there exists an unrevealed story behind the high repayment rates.


The effects of phenobarbital sodium (10-60 mg/kg s.c.), chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (10-60 mg/kg s.c.) and diazepam (1-10 mg/kg i.p.) were studied in rats performing a continuous lever pressing avoidance task with light as warning signal. The conditions of this discriminated Sidman avoidance test were the following: shock-shock interval = 30 seconds; response-warning signal 20 seconds; warning signal-shock = 10 seconds; shock of 2 mA for 2 seconds. Interindividual differences in control shock base lines after an extended period of training influenced the direction of the drug effects, whereas differences between drugs were mostly of a quantitative nature. In fact, all agents provoked a decrease in shock rate in animals with high shock base lines and an increase in shock rate in animals with low shock base lines. The latter effect was more marked after diazepam than after phenobarbital or chlordiazepoxide. Response rates were generally increased, particularly in animals with low or intermediate shock rates after treatment with phenobarbital or chlordiazepoxide. Dosedependent increases in the relative frequency of responses emitted in the absence of the warning signal were observed after all drugs, also in cases in which overall response rate was little affected.


Correction for 'Focused ion beam milling of self-assembled magnetic superstructures: an approach to fabricate nanoporous materials with tunable porosity' by Verner Håkonsen et al., Mater. Horiz., 2018, 5, 1211–1218.


The pedestrian movement is more complex than vehicular flow for the reason that people are more flexible and intelligent than car. Without the limit of "lanes" pedestrian movement is loose and free. Furthermore, they are easily affected by other walkers as well as the environment around. In this paper some special technique is introduced considering human behavior to make the rules more reasonable. By simulating the two-dimension pedestrian movement, the phase transition phenomena of pedestrian movement, including the up walkers moving from the bottom to the upper boundary and the right walkers moving from the left to the right boundary, are presented. Studying on the effect of the system size on the critical density shows that the critical density is independent of the system size in the scope studied in this paper.


On the assumption that different forms of experience are ideal types and not mutually exclusive concrete realities and that, therefore, they coexist in all times and in all societies, this text aims to show that it is not in the context of modern experience, but in traditional experience, that communication works. After explaining this hypothesis, the author tries to define the problematic nature of the relations between modern experience and communication. Key words: experience, communication, modernity, tradition.


The development of low smoke and fume (LSF) type cables and the factors which led to their use by BNFL are reviewed


Dividend payouts must be viewed as part of an integrated financial strategy that include a company's future funding needs and have costs and benefit implications on financial flexibility since they involve amounts and timing of cash flows. The study found out that there exists a relationship between the financial flexibility and dividend policy and that the probability and amount of dividends decrease as the value of financial flexibility increases. Keywords: Financial flexibility, dividend policy, Nairobi Securities Exchange


Abstract:Scholarly reading of the New Testament, as differing from the popular reading, or misreading as the case may be, demands and involves expertise. Such expertise is aware that certain settings and circumstances gave rise to the articulations that became scriptural texts. Making the age-old text understandable to today's audience is vitally important. Exegesis has become interdisciplinary, presenting itself in and through models of interpretation. One of such, as this work buttresses, is the place of psychology in New Testament hermeneutics. This article highlights the fact and responds to the realisation that psychological and psychic sensitivities influenced the expressions that became Scripture, and it argues that this awareness is a veritable aid to the interpretation of biblical texts. Termed psychological hermeneutics, it articulates the relationship between religious symbolisms, as expressed in biblical texts, and the pre-occupations of psychology. The article establishes that interpretation of New Testament texts through this prism affords a re-reading of the Christ event that enables positive cognitive restructuring. It gives rise to positive emotions and rational responses towards personal competence for the betterment of society.


Limited data are available on long-term, seasonal changes in testicular steroidogenic activity in nondomestic felids, primarily because of the difficulties associated with longitudinal blood sampling (e.g., handling, restraint, anesthesia). Therefore, a noninvasive approach for assessing testicular androgen production was developed using the domestic cat (Felis catus) as a model. Two adult males were injected i.m. with 4 μCi14-testosterone to determine the time course and relative proportions of androgen metabolites excreted in urine and feces. Peak urinary radioactivity was detected 13 and 19 hr postinjection and accounted for ∼8% of the total radioactivity recovered. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis detected multiple polar urinary metabolites, none of which eluted with the 3H-testosterone reference tracer. The majority of urinary testosterone metabolites consisted of nonenzyme-hydrolyzable, water-soluble (presumably conjugated) forms. In feces, radioactivity was detected in the first sample collected at 22 hr postinjection for both males, although peak metabolite excretion in one male was not observed until 61 hr postinjection. HPLC analysis detected several fecal metabolites consisting primarily of nonhydrolyzable, water-soluble forms (84.4 ± 0.9%) with some ether-soluble forms (15.6 ± 0.9%). None of the fecal androgen metabolites were associated with free testosterone. However, one or more of the water-soluble fecal metabolites was quantifiable using a commercially available testosterone radioimmunoassay. The biological relevance of this immunoactivity was confirmed in the domestic cat; concentrations were high in adult, intact males and nondetectable in intact females and castrated males and females. In addition, fecal androgen concentrations in a male Pallas' cat (Felis manul) exhibited seasonal fluctuations that corresponded with parallel changes in serum testosterone and ejaculate quality. These data indicate that testicular steroidogenic activity can be monitored non invasively in felids, providing a potentially valuable tool for endangered felid management to: (1) assess pubertal status, (2) determine the influence of season on reproduction, and (3) diagnose possible causes of sub- or infertility. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


Acknowledgements Preface Introduction: Work in Context Part I Ways of Working in Former Times Editor's Introduction: Historical Aspects of Work, Employment, Unemployment and the Sexual Division of Labour 1. The Familiar Fate of the Famulae: Gender Divisions in the History of Wage Labour CHRIS MIDDLETON 2. Ways of Getting a Living in 18th Century England R. W. MALCOLMSON 3. Women's Work, Mechanization and the Early Phases of Industrialization in England MAXINE BERG 4. Protective Legislation, the Capitalist State and Working-Class Men: The Case of the 1842 Mines Regulation Act JANE HUMPHRIES 5. Work, Culture and Society in Industrializing America 1815-1919 HERBERT G. GUTMAN 6. From Work to Employment and Unemployment: The English Experience KRISHAN KUMAR Part II Employers' Strategies and Workers' Strategies Editor's Introduction 7. Taylorism, Responsible Autonomy and Management Strategy STEPHEN WOOD and JOHN KELLY 8. Thirty Years of Making Out MICHAEL BURAWOY 9. Piece Rates, Hungarian Style MICHAEL BURAWOY 10. Managerial Strategies, New Technology and the Labour Process J. CHILD 11. The Decentralisation of Production - the Decline of the Mass-Collective Worker? FERGUS MURRAY 12. Labour Market Segmentation and Workers' Careers: the Case of the Italian Knitwear Industry GIOVANNI SOLINAS 13. Worker Behaviour in the Labour Market GABOR KARTESI and GYJORGY SZIRACZKI 14. Rethinking Internal Labour Markets: New Insights from a Comparative Perspective DAVID STARK Part III Most of the World's Work: Ideas, Concepts, Problems Editor's Introduction 15. Accumulation, Reproduction and Women's Role in Economic Development: Boserup Revisited LOURDES BENERIA and GITA SEN 16. Conceptualizing the Labour Force: The Underestimation of Women's Economic Activities LOURDES BENERIA 17. Domestic Labour and the Household MAUREEN M. MACKINSTOSH 18. Women as Food Producers and Suppliers in the Twentieth Century: the Case of Zambia SHIMWAAYI MUNTEMBA 19. Gender, Accumulation and the Labour Process NANNEKE REDCLIFT 20. Female Workers in the First and Third Worlds: the Greening of Women's Labour RUTH PEARSON Part IV Forms of Work and Sources of Labour Editor's Introduction 21. No Exit for Wives: Sexual Divisions of Labour and the Cumulation of Household Demands in Canada MARTIN MEISSNER, ELIZABETH W HUMPHREYS, SCOTT M. MEIS and WILLIAM J. SCHEU 22. Who Cares? A Review of Empirical Evidence from Britain GILLIAN PARKER 23. Household Composition, Social Networks and Household Production in Germany WOLFGAN GLATZER and REGINA BERGER 24. Reciprocal Exchange of Labour in Hungary ENDRE SIK 25. Work and Informal Activities in Urban Southern Italy ENZO MINGIONE 26. Time, Technology and the Informal Economy JONATHAN GERSHUNY Part V Disaggregated Capitalism: New World Factories, New Technologies, New Strategies and New Contradictions Editor's Introduction Homeworking in Britain. CATHERINE HAK.


According to the current situation of low efficiency location in the warehouse management of companies,this paper proposed the mathematical model and the constraint conditions of optimization of dynamic location assignment of stereoscopic warehouse and discussed on the strategies of location assignment.And adopted weight coefficient transformation based on genetic algorithm to solve the optimization model,verified the effectiveness of algorithm through simulation.


A computational image analysis model that resembles the functioning of the brain is introduced. The multiple-channel neural network model consists of three stages: multiple-channel representation, neural network classification and spatial context correction. The model is implemented and applied to the problem of texture analysis. Gabor filters are involved to represent the textural patterns. Low misclassification rates are obtained. Composite textural images are also applied to the system and accurately segmented images are obtained. The usefulness of the model is demonstrated.<<ETX>>


attributed to individuals as exceptions, thereby establishing an accepted social distance between African Americans and education, and by extension the engineering arena. Chapters 4 and 5 compare two urban Chicago institutions: the private Illinois Institute of Technology and the public University of Illinois at Chicago in the 1960s and 1970s. In this more engineering-specific chapter, the focus is on how these institutions were initially advertised as progressive technical solutions to urban problems (e.g., poverty and blighted neighborhoods). Despite their initial missions to educate a diverse regional population (i.e., IIT) and returning GIs (i.e., UIC) rather than seek national prestige, this case study highlights a departure from the institutions' departures from these respective missions and the evolution of the present two-tiered system in American engineering education: top-tier schools aligned themselves with military and industrial research; lower-tier schools focus on education and social problems. In addition, the association between status and scientific rigor became more aligned politically and socially, resulting in a backlash to what had been virtually open access in engineering, and an emergence of rigid college preparatory standards. The initial championing of Centers for Urban Research and various academic and social support programs were subsequently equated with lower standards, reinforcing racially constructed notions of merit and eventually falling out of favor. Unable or unwilling to recognize the difference between qualified and "qualifiable" students, these institutions forwent racially inclusive endeavors to compete for so-called top students and faculty, and research money. Chapters 5 and 6 review Texas's Agricultural & Mechanical public university system between the 1980s and 1990s, highlighting the relationship between College Station's predominantly White main campus and the historically Black campus of Prairie View A&M. This chapter focuses on progressive intervention by Texas-based private industry (e.g., Texas Instruments and Raytheon) and federal entities (e.g., the National Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration) to prepare more African Americans for careers in engineering and to meet national objectives related to globalization and technological competitiveness. These organizations recognized the value of multi-pronged diversity and, at least indirectly, attempted to expand the definition of engineers and engineering success beyond one-dimensional technical rigor to include teamwork, communication, and strategic thinking. Slaton describes their support of minority engineering retention programs, minority-serving institutions, and the establishment of networks affording marginalized students and faculty expanded professional and research opportunities. Race, Rigor, and Selectivity in U.S. Engineering is an important text for historians of higher education, engineering education scholars, and those interested in science, technology, and society. Slaton relies on case studies; as a result, she does not provide a comprehensive history of racial disparities in higher education, engineering education, or the engineering workforce. Despite that narrow focus, her book provides an underexamined perspective on timely issues facing higher education generally and engineering education specifically: academic achievement, postsecondary access, and diversity; remedial education; state and federal policymaking and enforcement; desegregation and the role of historically Black institutions; the role of STEM education on social progress; merit and rigor; and how research funding and/or accreditation affect academic program composition. Overall, this book is a worthy historical analysis of six institutions which exposes the origins of the engineering color line.


We study the behavior of the wave kernel of the Laplacian on asymptotically complex hyperbolic manifolds for finite times. We show that the wave kernel on such manifolds belongs to an appropriate class of Fourier integral operators and analyze its trace. This construction proves that the singularities of its trace are contained in the set of lengths of closed geodesics and we obtain an asymptotic expansion for the trace at time zero.


One of the many environmental problems resulting from electricity generation in thermal power plants is the release of large amounts of solid wastes (coal combustion products). In the absence of effective eco-friendly disposal practices, this waste is accumulated in the form of coal ash embankments or in the excavated parts of the open-cast mines. The so constituted big landfills and surface impoundments emit leachate emissions containing a wide range of conventional pollutants among which, by definition, sulphate ions (SO4) dominate. Using the computer program VS2DI, a numerical model is developed of the conditions for mass transport of pollutants (using the example of SO4) from the designed new embankments for deposition of non-hazardous industrial solid waste from TPP in the area of the internal embankments of Troyanovo-North open-cast mine, part of the Maritsa East Coal Mining Complex. The scheme of convective-diffusion mass transport is employed, taking into account reversible elimination (sorption-desorption), mechanical dispersion and mixing. On the basis of the developed model, a long-term prognosis (100 years) is made for the extent and the degree of subsurface contamination from the new embankments. Based on the model solutions, the retention capacity of the geological foundation and the risk of groundwater pollution are assessed.


The present paper is intended to frame-out the analytical approach to study the transference of Love-type waves in a viscoelastic sandy layer sandwiched between a size-dependent consistent couple stress to take care of earth's interior microstructural nature and an orthotropic viscoelastic half-space. An additional parameter termed as characteristic length which is used to investigate the internal microstructural structure of the earth's interior, which provides us the deeper insights of the analysis of wave propagation aspects. With the help of analytical variable separable technique, the closed version of dispersion equation for the Love-type waves has been derived. The impacts of different material parameters like characteristic length ( l), sandy parameter [Formula: see text], viscoelastic parameters ( F1, F2, F3), thickness ratio ( H3), and imperfectness parameter ( σ1, σ2) which are involved in this study are encapsulated by means of graphs on the phase velocity of Love-type waves. Finally, the obtained result is well match up with the classical Love wave equation. This approach of employing micro continuum theories to analyze seismic waves can bring some useful adjustments to previously established facts about seismic waves, as well as improve the applications of micro continuum theories in the field of seismology.


High-density polyethylene(PE-HD)/polyamide 6(PA6)in-situ reinforced microfibrillar composites were prepared via processes of melt extrusion—hot tensile—pull stretch.The effect of content of dispersed phase PA6in matrix on morphology and distribution was analyzed by SEM. The influence of processing method on the mechanical properties of the composites was discussed. As measured,the mass ratio of PE-HD/PA6in the composites was 85/15with diameter of the fiber between 2and 10mm.Compared with regular blends,the tensile strength,tensile modulus, and impact strength of in-situ reinforced microfibrillar composites were improved by 6.9 %, 14.8%,and 10.0%,respectively.


This note describes how the emittance {epsilon} and the betatron functions {beta} and {alpha} of a beam in an uncoupled high energy linac or transport line are extracted from an arbitrary number ({ge}3) of beam size measurements separated by various betatron phase advances. It is assumed that the beam sizes have no contributions from dispersion, intentional or otherwise.


I live in the United States of America, a country that seems preoccupied by afterlives, a nation obsessed by questions of what the human future will be like, whether secularly or religiously imagined. From the billion-dollar media industry increasingly pumping out secular doomsday fantasies and the prevalence of imminent apocalyptic views among American Christians, to the sweeping climate change and Anthropocenic futures imagined by academics and survivalists alike, we seem to be perpetually asking ourselves, in more and less direct ways, what will be our hereafter? Presumably, much of this preoccupation comes out of a very real premonition of coming disjunct—after all, that is what apocalypse is, at heart: a


This paper deals with the effects of a superimposed radial outflow upon the motion of the fluid between a rotating and a stationary plane disc. This is an idealisation of the situation found in advanced turbo-machinery in which cooling of the rotor faces is necessary. The boundary layer approximations to the equations of fluid motion are integrated by an extension of the numerical technique proposed in Ref. 11. Predictions of drag torque and radial pressure distributions are compared with experimental results from a 30 in (762 mm) diameter system, using a range of speeds up to 4000 rev/min, while varying the axial spacing and rate of imposed radial flow. Qualitative agreement was satisfactory throughout the range, but quantitative discrepancies in the estimates of drag and in the pressure distributions at certain flow conditions suggest that the simple mixing length hypothesis used in this analysis for the turbulent shear terms in the equations of motion is not universally adequate.


Several conceptual designs of complete wind power plants were developed, and estimates of energy capture, capital cost, operating and maintenance cost, and cost of electricity were prepared. Two vertical-axis wind turbine designs were considered: the 500 kW DAF Indal Series 6400 and the 170 kW FloWind Model 170. Small cluster installations of 3.4 MW to 5.2 MW and large cluster installations of 85 MW to 130 MW were designed. The performance of each turbine was evaluated for four specific wind regimes, and the small and large cluster layouts were optimized for the baseline Amarillo, Texas, wind regime. Cost estimates were based upon existing production methods and capacities and upon higher production levels of 400 to 1000 units per year over a period of five years.


We present for the first time a physically realistic exact asymptotically flat solution of the Einstein-Maxwell equations representing the exterior gravitational field of a stationary rotating mass endowed with a magnetic dipole moment. Our solution reduces in its static pure vacuum limit to the Schwarzschild metric.


With recent advances in homomorphic encryption (HE), it becomes feasible to run non-interactive machine learning (ML) algorithms on encrypted data without decryption. In this work, we propose novel encoding methods to pack matrix in a compact way and more efficient methods to perform matrix multiplication on homomorphically encrypted data, leading to a speed boost of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.5\times - 20\times$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>5</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn>20</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="huang-ieq1-3139318.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> for slim rectangular matrix multiplication compared with state-of-the-art. Moreover, we integrate our optimized secure matrix arithmetic with the MPI distributed computing framework, achieving scalable parallel secure matrix computation. Equipped with the optimized matrix multiplication, we propose <italic>uSCORE</italic>, a privacy-preserving cross-domain recommendation system for the unbalanced scenario, where a big data owner provides recommendation as a service to a client who has less data and computation power. Our design delegates most of the computation to the service provider, and has a low communication cost, which previous works failed to achieve. For a client who has 16 million user-item pairs to update, it only needs about 3 minutes (in the LAN setting) to prepare the encrypted data. The server can finish the update process on the encrypted data in less than half an hour, effectively reducing the client's test error from 0.72 to 0.62.


The paper presents a strategy which has been developed for optimizing the design and control of a parallel hybrid vehicle by using optimal control theory. For simulation and analysis, the optimal control of the vehicle powertrain is calculated directly by optimization for minimum fuel consumption. With this method, both an optimal design of the components and an operation strategy for online driving can be derived. The powertrain of the hybrid vehicle consists of a combustion engine and an electric drive, combined with a continuous variable transmission gear. For a given driving cycle, the completed results of an optimized control vector are described.


Abstract : The report represents an initial study into the possibility of using Expert System concepts to aid users of finite element analysis systems. By concentrating on limited aspects of the problem a Lisp based prototype consult program has been constructed. This clearly demonstrates the advantages of adopting an Object Oriented approach in this area. The report suggest how this initial work may be further exploited to create a full scale expert system. Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Computer programming; Structural analysis; Great Britain.


We present the results of the optimization of a classical molecular force field used to calculate the properties of shocked nitromethane by Monte Carlo simulations. The optimization technique allows a good transferability of the potential parameters on a broad range of thermodynamic conditions (temperature and pressure) since a large variety of reference data can be used in the optimization procedure, including densities, vaporization enthalpies or pressures along the Hugoniot curve. Results of calculated properties of shocked nitromethane are in good agreement with experimental shock Hugoniot data, including temperature measurements of second shock Hugoniot.


The treatment of substituted ethyl 1-(3',4'-dihydro-3',3'-dimethylisoquinolyl)-1-oximinoacetates with hydrazine hydrate leads to a 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline ring enlargement with the annulation of a pyrazole ring to form substituted 5,5-dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetra-hydro-3-oxopyrazolo[3,4-b]benzo-3-azepines.


Introduction: Asthma prevalence has increased world-wide especially in children; thus there is a need to develop new therapies that are safe and effective especially for patients with severe/refractory asthma. CD4 + T cells are thought to play a central role in disease pathogenesis and associated symptoms. Recently, TRPV4 has been demonstrated to regulate the activation and inflammatory properties of CD4 + cells. The aim of these experiments was to determine the role of TRPV4 in an asthma model using a TRPV4 inhibitor and genetically modified (GM) animals. Methods: Mice (wild type or TRPV4 -/- ) and rats were sensitised with antigen (HDM or OVA) and subsequently topically challenged with the same antigen. Key features associated with an allergic asthma type phenotype were measured: lung function (Late asthmatic response [LAR] in the rat model and airway hyperreactivity [AHR] in the mouse model), allergic status (IgE levels) and airway inflammation. Results : Targeting TRPV4 using either GM mice or a pharmacological inhibitor (dosed after sensitisation but before challenge) abolished IgE levels in the mouse model (100% inhibition of the HDM response) but had no impact in the rat. Airway inflammation was significantly decreased in both models (Rat BALF eosinophilia: 92.5% inhibition of the OVA response, mouse BALF eosinophilia: 88.5% inhibition of the HDM response). This was associated with suppression of antigen triggered changes in lung function (Rat LAR: 74.9% inhibition of the signal; mouse AHR: 92.4% inhibition of the response to 3 mg/ml of aerosolised 5-HT). Conclusion : These data would support the evaluation of TRPV4 inhibitors in allergen challenge models in proof of concept clinical trials.


Most countries in Europe have set targets to reduce carbon emissions and increase energy efficiency. In these countries, renewable energy from micro-generation technology (MGT) is an important part of the low carbon agenda. Little is known about the decision-making processes around the selection and adoption of such technologies, or about the actual effects of particular policy instruments encouraging their use. In this chapter, a simple illustration based on a single case study is used to show that innovation triggered by regulation, in this case the adoption of MGT, often has outcomes that do not reflect ultimate policy objectives in an effective way. The adoption of MGTs happens through a recursive process of interest articulation and negotiations. The outcome – the innovation – can end up being a compromise that only partially fulfil needs of stakeholders, but do not address ultimate policy objectives.


The vertical tourism research engine has become the important constituent of online travel markets recently. In this article,we have firstly illustrated its current developing situation and summarized its values and existing problems. Secondly,we have further discussed the feasibility of the cooperating between this vertical researching engine and SNS,and then we have expounded the concrete cooperating skeleton,the effectuating mechanism and some pivotal problems.


In this paper, we consider the generalisation of classical Fibonacci sequence and Lucas sequence. We consider the sequence Hn defined by the recurrence relation Hn = Hn−1 + Hn−2 ; for all n ≥ 2, with H0 = 2m, H1 = k + m; where m, k are fixed integers. The initial conditions are the sum of'k' times the initial conditions of Fibonacci sequence and 'm' times the initial conditions of Lucas sequence. Using the technique of generating functions, we obtain the extended Binet formula for Hn . We obtain some fascinating properties for this sequence. We also establish some amusing identities for this sequence displaying the relation betweenHn, Fibonacci sequence and Lucas sequence.


This paper analyses the harmful results of false accounting data which means to: to hide real business situation of enterprises; to disorder normal social economic running ;to influence economic safety and worsen the social atmosphere.Analysis shows that main reasons lie in :social factors technical methods and so on .Based on these main reasons ,the solutions are suggested :1)establish complete accounting regulations and standard systems; 2)develop accounting network; 3)enhance entity inside accounting control; 4)strengthen supervision;5)make well known Accounting Law well known;6)set up and complete accounting supervision system; 7)cast more education on accounting people professional virtue; 8)regulate accounting running order.


No one can deny the fact that, both men and women perform certain roles in the society. Women are integral part of family and pivotal force in any kind of progress say in Socio-economic progress. Though women are physically weaker than men, yet women also are to perform certain role for social-economic development of the families as well as society. It is essential in any family that both men and women should have equal say regarding decision making in the family. These decisions may be regarding Children's schooling, employment, marriage, savings, food, family budget, land purchasing, purchasing of any valuable property etc. The present study is undertaken to analyse the role of women in decision making in the family of Kamrup District (Assam) regarding family planning, schooling of it children savings, food and family budget, Children's future, buying land or other valuable property etc. The study reveals that most of the women (60%) are found to have equal status in the family with regard to taking various decisions.


Warm appreciation should be recorded for the collaboration of author and publisher in arranging some of the more obtrusive features of this volume. The bibliography, which is very well-selected, is also conveniently cited by abbreviations. A single index combines monuments and ideas and authors and titles. Nearly fifty carefully-chosen plates illustrate the text with superior and delicately graded half tones. In format and typography the volume is a delight. The binding is so flexible that cross-referencing to plates and notes is an easy process. In short, this is the way scholarly works deserve to be published.


This paper discusses the place of research on the use of information systems technologies to store and explore linguistic data. As such, it may be regarded as small contribution to the philosophy of science. After a section on the nature of informatics in general, some general principles will be applied to computer-assisted linguistic studies, and a number of examples will be provided to illustrate the concept of linguistic informatics.


Consider the problem $\nabla [ {k(\|x\|)\nabla U_\lambda } ] + \lambda f(U_\lambda ) = 0$, $x \in B$: unit ball in $R^n $, $\nabla U_\lambda \cdot \hat n/_{\partial B} = 0$. Conditions are given on k and f that guarantee the formation of boundary layer and also of a spike layer around the origin as $\lambda \to \infty $ for some particular radially symmetric solutions to the above problem. In the first case, the nodal curve of the solution approaches $\partial B$ as $\lambda \to \infty $, while in the second one it shrinks toward the origin as $\lambda \to \infty $. Range location for the value of the solution on $\partial B$, in the first case, and at the origin in the second one, is given for $\lambda $ sufficiently large. Only radially symmetric solutions are considered since they are the only ones that can be stable equilibria of the corresponding parabolic equation.


A multiscale method based on the extended space-time finite element method is de- veloped for the coupled atomistic/continuum sim- ulation of nanoscale material systems. Exist- ing single scale approach such as the finite ele- ment method has limited capability of represent- ing the fine scale physics in both the spatial and temporal domains. This is a major disadvantage for directly incorporating FEM in coupled atom- istic/continuum simulations as it results in errors such as spurious wave reflections at the atom- istic/continuum interface. While numerous efforts have been devoted to eliminating the interfacial mismatch effects, less attention has been paid to developing fine scale, atomistic level represen- tations within the FEM framework. In this pa- per, we show that multiscale space-time approxi- mations can be established within the context of FEM. By augmenting the regular space-time fi- nite element shape function basis with the enrich- ment function, we demonstrate that the contin- uum and atomistic representations can be consis- tently linked and this naturally leads to a reflec- tionless interfacial boundary condition. In addi- tion, a unique feature of this approach is its ability to achieve wave transmitting condition that is en- ergy conservative. Realization of these properties is illustrated through both harmonic and nonlinear lattices in 1D. Keyword: Coupled simulation, enrichment, X- FEM, X-TFEM, VAC model, reflectionless inter- face


Composite oxide films have been produced on AZ31 magnesium alloy by adding nano-Al2O3 particles to alkaline anodic oxidation solution.The effect of nano-Al2O3 particles on the process of anodizing,surface morphology and properties were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),potentiodynamic polarization test and friction tests.The results show that the coating formation voltage increases with the addition of nano-Al2O3 particles.The performances of composite oxide films have no linear correlation with the concentration of nano-Al2O3 particles.The composite oxide film prepared in the presence of 10g/L nano-Al2O3 particles has uniform,smooth and compact surface morphology and shows best corrosion resistance and excellent wear resistance.


Balanites aegyptiaca or Desert Date (Zygophyllaceae) is widely distributed in arid and semiarid regions in Africa and South Asia. The current study aims to identify the infraspecific variation between B. aegyptiaca native to Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Detailed macroand micromorphological analyses of leaflets, petioles, stems, spines, and fruits were performed using a light and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed by using the relevant Rsoftware packages. Leaflet shape and apex, leaflet length/width ratio, leaflet indumentum density, and the petiole length were recorded. Based on those traits, the present study suggests the existence of one variety, "B. aegyptiaca var. aegyptiaca" in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. At the same time, two varieties were recorded in Egypt "B. aegyptiaca var. aegyptiaca and B. aegyptiaca var. tomentosa".


PURPOSE: To compare endothelial cell density (ECD) loss rates in penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK), and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK). DESIGN: Single-center, multiple-surgeon, retrospective cohort study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who received PKP, DSAEK, or DALK from 2009 to 2014 were analyzed (68 vs. 38 vs. 11 patients, respectively). We excluded patients with therapeutic PKP or regraft, infection, endothelial rejection, or uncontrolled glaucoma. Only clear grafts and initial ECD more than 1000 cell/mm2 were included in the study. The main outcome was ECD loss rate. The follow-up time period was divided into five subgroups: 0–1.5 months, 1.5–6 months, 6–12 months, 12–24 months, and longer than 24 months. RESULTS: Average ECD loss rate (cell/mm2/month) declined in all three groups (PKP group: −561.5, −113.2, −36.6, −31.4, and −53.7; DSAEK group: −686.4, −68.3, −21.8, −14.4, and −5.1; DALK group: −576.5, −68, −23.7, 5.9, and 18.3). Although DSAEK group showed faster ECD loss rate in the early postoperative period, it became slower compared to the PKP group within the postoperative 6th month and demonstrated significant difference within 2 years. No ECD loss developed in the DALK group after the 1st postoperative year; this was significantly different from the PKP group. CONCLUSIONS: Although ECD loss rate in the DSAEK group was initially larger than that in the PKP group, the DSAEK group possessed better long-term endothelial cell survival rate. The DALK group had a lower ECD loss rate than that of the other groups and maintained a stable ECD at 1 year after surgery.


Learning and teaching are the essential inseparable components of any educational contexts, both of which can be facilitated by the utilization of reflective tools. Such tools enhance learners' reflective thinking skills which constitutes a solid base for constructivist learning settings. Constructivist language learning environments require teachers and learners to reflect on classroom dynamics utilizing appropriate tools. There are numerous reflective teaching tools to encourage the learners to learn more, research more, and be more open and curious about learning elements. Once these tools are utilized at an optimum level, the educational settings would yield fruitful and constructive outputs. From a constructivist stance, this study reviews four reflective tools diaries, videos, portfolios/e-portfolios, and blogs- concerning ELT and language teacher education. This study involves a descriptive and comprehensive look by highlighting each reflective tool's impact on the partakers of the targeted educational settings. The study also presents some guidelines on how to utilize and integrate those reflective tools in ELT contexts. üzerine etkisini betimleyici bir bakış açışıyla eğitim düzleminde çok yönlü ele almaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışma yansıtıcı öğretim araçlarının sınıf ve sınıf dışı düzlemlerde nasıl kullanılabileceğini içeren tavsiyelere de yer vermektedir.


A survey of engineers and scientists concerning the format of NASA technical reports indicates that a summary as well as an abstract should be included, that the definitions of symbols and glossary of terms should be located in the front of the report, and that the illustrative material should be integrated with the text rather than grouped at the end of the report. Citation of references by number, one-column, ragged-right-margin layout, and third-person writing style are also preferred by a majority of the respondents. The preferences of managers and nonmanagers are very similar for all aspects of technical report format covered by the survey.


Len Nichols, PhD, talks about the biggest issues facing the healthcare system, the role of smaller practices in new models, and the timeline for when these new models will be deployed.


This paper proposes a method to separate mixed speech signals and to address blind sound signals using kernel independent component analysis.What is introduced then is the principle and basic algorithm of kernel independent component analysis.Mixed speech signals are separated using kernel independent component analysis algorithm and fast fixed-point separation algorithm.The experimental results indicate that the separation using kernel independent component analysis is desirable.


Intimate partner violence is a recognized public health problem with direct impacts, including cuts, bruises, and broken bones as well as longer-term effects, including headaches, insomnia, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and a greater likelihood of developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Dutton, et al., 2006; Loxton, Scholfield, Hussain, & Mishra, 2006; Plichta, 2004; Romito, Molzan Turan, & Muarchi, 2005). As a result, women who experience IPV use a variety of health care services, including emergency departments, primary care physicians, and public health nurses (Campbell, 2002; Plichta, 2004; Van Hook, 2000). Although rates of IPV identification vary by practice setting, the results suggest that utilization of these services by victims of IPV is common. For example, 13 percent of 1,526 women at 31 outpatient clinics were identified as victims of abuse (Wasson et al., 2000), as were 14 per cent of 2,465 women using a variety of obstetrician/gynecologist offices, emergency departments, primary care offices, pediatrics, and addition recovery (McCloskey, et al., 2005), and 44.3 percent of 399 women at one family medicine clinic (Peralta & Fleming, 2003). Given the prevalence of IPV in these settings, health care providers have a central role in dealing with immediate injuries and other health impacts of IPV. However, it is also crucial for these providers to appropriately identify and refer women to much needed community resources which may prevent further injury and support women in working toward reducing and eliminating violence in their lives. For victims of IPV who live in remote and rural communities, support offered by health care providers is more crucial, as there is often few other resources and services.


The paper utilizes a novel battery model based on the electrical features of LiFePO4 battery, because Kalman filter algorithm(KF) is largely dependent on system model. Measurements of battery state are easily disturbed by colored noise which is high relevance in working condition, and the paper studies that the system noise satisfy one-order AR model. The paper proposes an adaptive extended Kalman filter with colored noise(CN-AEKF). The simulation proves that the algorithm can accurately estimate SoC and possess algorithm stability. At the same time, the algorithm solves the sensitivity of initial covariance value of system noise, improving the adaptivity of estimating SoC.


Nanogold probe, with nanocrystal core and overlapped macromolecular, was assembled by bioaffinity reaction. Transmission Electron Microscope and optical spectrum was used as characterization method of nanogold bioassembly. The optical method was applied in immunosensing.


Neutrophils traffic in the bloodstream as initial responders against invading pathogens. In particular, neutrophils are critically important in combatting Staphylococcus aureus , which is a Gram-positive extracellular bacterial pathogen that is the most common cause of skin infections and a prime cause of life-threatening infections such as pneumonia and bacteremia.

Over the past two decades, the public has become well aware of multidrug-resistant community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which has spread rapaciously through the population, creating a serious public health threat (1, 2). Thus, it is crucial to understand how neutrophils contain a local S. aureus infection to prevent systemic dissemination that often leads to death.

In PNAS, Bogoslowski et al. (3) describe a novel mechanism that prevents S. aureus dissemination from an initial site of S. aureus skin infection in the mouse footpad. Utilizing two-photon microscopy, Bogoslowski et al. report that S. aureus migrated from the skin via afferent lymphatics to popliteal lymph nodes where they encountered an accumulation of trafficking neutrophils, which deployed phagocytic and antimicrobial mechanisms to halt the spread of infection (Fig. 1 A ). A rapid neutrophilic response is critical to prevent bacterial dissemination beyond the local skin infection and lymph nodes, which filter draining extracellular fluids from the infected tissue. By imaging green fluorescent neutrophils, the authors visualized and enumerated neutrophils trafficking through the lymph node, essentially preventing S. aureus systemic dissemination. Recruitment of neutrophils into the lymph nodes involved ( i ) high endothelial venules (HEVs) (Fig. 1 B ), ( ii ) a chemotactic gradient of complement C5a, and ( iii ) L-selectin on neutrophils binding to peripheral node addressin (PNAd) on endothelial cells, which mediated neutrophil rolling, arrest, and migration into the lymph node (Fig. 1 C ). L-selectin was thought to be primarily involved in lymphocyte rolling, adhering, and entering HEVs in secondary lymphoid organs, but these new data suggest a …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: sisimon{at}ucdavis.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic killed millions of people and affected the whole world, including Serbia. Healthcare workers could not isolate themselves from patients. They worked under adverse and challenging conditions, which could have caused mental health problems. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for anxiety in healthcare workers working in Covid wards (CW) of Primary Healthcare center (PHC). Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare workers of the CWs. During the study period, we had a total of 150 completed questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square test, and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. We used SPSS for data analysis. Results: Our sample included 150 healthcare workers (HCWs), of whom 86.0% were females, the majority were 41-50 years of age (40,0%), and have been working for 21-30 years (32,7%). In our sample, 94,6% HCWs stated they received personal protective equipment (PPE). The results revealed a significant association only between gender and anxiety. Anxiety was higher among females than males. Correlation analysis indicated the feeling of anxiety was positively correlated with the workload, exhaustion, and family strain. The feeling of anxiety was not correlated with the feeling of protection. The feeling of protection was in negative correlation with family strain. Conclusion: Anxiety was present in HCWs during the pandemic. Gender is the risk factor for anxiety in HCWs who work in CWs in PHCs.


Abstract : In this work, several algorithms based on higher-order moment (autocorrelation) matching of single hydrophone element data have been developed and tested on real transient data sets. Of particular interest is the success and robustness of the Frequency-Domain Autocorrelation Matching (FACM) algorithms in the presence of environmental mismatch, signal mismatch, and noise, for different signals in an unknown environment. Recently acquired data was analyzed for signal variability in terms of spatial coherence of phones, beams, and modal structure. The ability to localize using these higher-order moment matching algorithms was compared to the spatial structure of the signal, the placement of the receiving elements, and the signal variability. This work suggests that the FACM algorithms are strongly dependent on the source-receiver relative positions, and on the uniqueness of the signal vertical structure. It is also shown that their performance increases with the number of multipath arrivals and, therefore, with the range. More importantly, the localization results obtained with raw linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals seemed to be as useful as the ones obtained from matched-filtered data.


Sri Lanka is a multi-ethnic society hence the ethnic integration has been a hot topic for decades.   By 2021, it has been 73 years after the independence from British empires, however, natives still struggle for the reconciliation among themselves. Often occurred ethnic clashes usually account for a huge social and economic cost.  Various scholars have highlighted that youth is highly active in initiating ethnic clashes . And, it is quoted specifically for the 'Educated youth' in Sri Lankan context. Therefore, this study explores the perceptions of 'multi-ethnic, educated youth' in heightening ethnic integration in Sri Lanka. This study utilized quantitative research approach and survey method. Primary data was mainly used for the study and collected through an online questionnaire. 100 multi-ethnic youth who are studying in higher education institutions in Sri Lanka selected as the sample using random sampling technique.  The readiness of respondents was basically measured through their perceptions with respect to the social integration model proposed by Awang et al (2019). Descriptive statistics were used in analyzing data. The results showed that the overall readiness of educated youth in promoting ethnic integration is high in Sri Lankan context. The respondents are almost ready for the social acceptance and cultural appreciation levels of the model. However, they have showed, relatively a slight attraction towards compromisation and adaptation levels for which a high degree of ethnic tolerance is required. Therefore, it can be concluded that the majority of educated youth are social extroverts and are aware the importance of integration. However, since they showed a little attraction towards the upper layers of integration pyramid, there is a need of re-evaluating existing social integration policies. So that, some policy recommendations are suggested to enhance more operational activities in reconciliation process to reach the upper levels of ethnic integration (compromization and adaptation) in Sri Lankan context.


- Using a combination of Pass Transistor Logic (PTL), CMOS logic, and transmission gate (TG) logic in 65-nm technology, a unique Hybrid Full Adder (HFA) has been developed. This implementation includes various modules such as the XOR module, the carry generator module, and the sum generator module, which are used to realize a 1-bit HFA. To design the proposed HFA, an inverter logic is used in conjunction with the XOR logic to obtain the logic of XNOR. The proposed design is impressive as it uses only 13 transistors, resulting in a small area. This improvement in terms of Power-Delay Product (PDP) makes it suitable for basic building blocks of Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) circuits. Furthermore, the power consumption of the proposed HFA is significantly lower, resulting in improved PDP compared to other hybrid full adders. A comparison of the essential parameters between the proposed HFA and other existing HFAs has been made.


PURPOSE: A laser processing apparatus and a method thereof are provided to reduce cutting loss when processing materials using an etching solution such that additives for absorbing lasers are not necessary. CONSTITUTION: A laser processing method comprises first to third steps. In the first step, laser beams are absorbed, and an etching solution(7) is filled into a container. One or more surfaces of a work touch the etching solution. In the second step, the laser beams are irradiated from the upper surface of the work in order that the laser beams are collected into the part where the work touches the etching solution. In the third step, the work and laser beams relatively move to process the work.


Introduction The issue of coordination training in sport has a further development at present (Lyakh, 1983-2009; Lyakh & Sadowski, 1999; Neumaier, Mechling, 1995; Starosta, 2003, 2006; Simonek, 2006; Neumaier, 2003; Neumaier, Mechling, Straus, 2002; Hirtz, 1995, 2007, Roth, 1998; Sadowski, 2000; Raczek, 1991, 1999, 2000; Raczek, Mynarski, Lyakh, 2003 and others). However, as yet, there are no generally works whose authors would evaluate what has been done in this field, and what to improve in the future. The analysis of references in the literature provides the methods of experts' evaluations, surveys, questionnaires, laboratories, computer and motor tests for evaluation of CMAs (Coordination Motor Abilities), technical skills and other characteristics, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. The subjects of this study were the athletes of playing sports events: basketball players, volleyball players, handball players and footballers, athletes involved in single combats (Greco-Roman and free-style wrestling, kickboxing, tae kwon do), acrobats of different age, sex, period of sports experience and skill level. The author of this paper was a tutor of more than 10 dissertations in this field. In this paper we discuss main aspects of coordination training in sport.


This paper investigates the guaranteed cost control problem of uncertain non-linear systems with time-varying delays via the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model approach. Based on the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional theory and the linear matrix inequality technique, a state feedback controller is proposed to stabilise the non-linear systems and minimise the guaranteed cost of the closed-loop systems. Both delay-dependent and delay-independent stability criteria are derived to guarantee the asymptotic stability of closed-loop systems. Furthermore, the supplementary requirement that the time-derivative of time-varying delays must be smaller than one is released for the proposed delay-dependent stability criterion. Two illustrative examples are provided to verify the validity of the results developed in this paper.


Rethinking Curriculum in Art Marilyn Stewart and Sydney Walker (2005). Worcester, MA: Davis Publications. 162 pages. ISBN# 0-87192-692-X.Contemporary theories about how artists work and how students learn have led some educators to question how art curriculum is currently organized and implemented. In Rethinking Curriculum in Art (2005), Marilyn Stewart and Sydney Walker present a framework for transforming curriculum in art from a series of disconnected or loosely connected lessons and activities into integrated inquiries organized around enduring questions "about the human experience [that] have been investigated over time" (p. 25). Like other books in the Art in Education Practice Series, which Stewart created and edits, Rethinking Curriculum in Art successfully provides practical advice on how to accomplish this goal, in addition to making theoretical propositions.Many of the authors' ideas for developing meaningful comprehensive art curricula, and examples thereof, were gleaned from their experiences as consultants to the Transforming Education through the Arts Challenge (TETAC) sponsored, in part, by the Getty Education Institute for the Arts and the Annenberg Foundation. Through TETAC (1996-2001):...the staffs of the 35 partner schools [united] with parents, arts professionals, school officials and community leaders to demonstrate the power of the arts, when linked with other elements of whole school reform, to transform the total learning environment of the partner schools. (TETAC, n.d.)Rethinking Curriculum in An offers partial documentation of that project and demonstrates how lessons gleaned from DBAE are still useful in visual culture-dominated discourse.I was first introduced to this book by one of the authors, Sydney Walker, during a conversation about the art education course for preservice early elementary educators (preK-grade 3), I was teaching as a graduate assistant. She suggested the book might be useful in that context. As promised, Rethinking Curriculum in Art presents a complex discussion of theories and practices related to integrated, comprehensive arts-based education I promote in that class. My only hesitation in using the book with the early elementary generalist population is that these issues are not more explicitly related to theories familiar to or discussed in terms of theories and models used within that population. Building on Stewart and Walker's discussions of inquiry-based and constructivist learning, early childhood instructors can and future art researchers might, for example, connect Stewart and Walkers text with Reggio Emilia (Edwards, Gandini, & Forman, 1993) or Chard and Katz's (1989) project approach.Rethinking Curriculum in Art does address important aspects of contemporary curriculum planning and implementation relevant to educators interested in teaching in and through art. The authors remind readers that choices about content, instruction, and assessment "reflect basic assumptions about what counts as important content in art, what kinds of instructional strategies are most effective, and how we can best assess how our students are achieving" (p. 1). Following this observation, each chapter in the text encourages readers to reconsider routine operating procedures in art education including: (1) establishing topics for inquiry, (2) selecting content, (3) planning instructional strategies, (4) structuring assessment strategies, and (5) considering the overall design and alignment of these unit components. These topics reflect the five components of curricular development introduced to teachers who participated in TETAC. Samples of their work give life to the theories Stewart and Walker promote. Appendices to the text provide straightforward summative guidelines for comprehensive curriculum development.Throughout the book, but particularly in the third chapter about the selection and development of enduring ideas, the authors emphasize the alignment of curricular components around such themes and the investigation of related questions. …


The three-hour-running lecture mode is generally carried out in the postgraduate courses in our university,and what is the effect? With this issue in view we designed the questionnaire and investigated among the instructors.The questionnaire results are processed by quantitative analysis.Finally,we discuss this new teaching mode and its effects.


As anticipated, the National League for Democracy (NLD) won a landslide victory in the 2015 Burma elections. This is a massive and historic achievement. Nothing will be the same again in Burmese…


I now have the honour to hand over formally the Presidency of the Institute to my successor, Col. Boulton Myles. As you will remember, Dr. R. E. Roberts had been formally chosen as the next president of the Institute, but unfortunately owing to reasons of health he had eventually to decline the invitation. Council, feeling that the selection of president was at the present time of more than ordinary importance, nominated Col. Boulton Myles as its choice for the vacant post, at the same time inviting other suggestions. The members of the Institure wisely by their silence gave consent. I have therefore the pleasure of installing Col. Boulton Myles as my successor. For a number of years he has been the Medical Secretary of this Institute, as well lately its Senior Medical Vice-President, and it would be absurd for me to attempt to recite his many qualifications for the office. The Council has had many opportunities during the last few rather stormy months for seeing the energy and skill with which he dealt w...


A common perspective about translation is that in most cases,adaptation should be adopted and alienation should be avoided. Actually, some valuable cultural ideas of source language are absent when adaptation is used too much. While palatable alienation can enrich, the culture of target language and promote the cultural exchange, and enhance the languages' blending.


Extend a simple calculation for a loading dint, extend a ratio do not extend a stake saves , extend the head is calculation formula


Redman-MacLaren et al. draw on a survey to explore Indigenous boarding student's levels of satisfaction with Queensland Department of Education's Transition Support Service (TSS) that provide assistance to remote-dwelling Indigenous students in the transition to boarding schools while Louth discusses findings from a longitudinal study that examined the impact of an educational aspirations programme. Norman et al. examine educator's perspectives of a school-based oral language and early literacy programme based on Aboriginal stories, knowledges and cultures while Williamson and Boughton discuss the impacts of an Aboriginal-led adult literacy campaign in Brewarrina, New South Wales. The next two papers focus on findings from the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (ages 9–11) with Prehn et al. examining academic self-concepts of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, while Peacock and Prehn highlight the importance of Aboriginal Education Workers for decolonising and promoting culture in primary schools.


In nuclear power plants, residual stress of dissimilar metal weld propagates cracks in the weld metal which is susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. Overlay welding is a process widely used to mitigate residual stress replacing inside tensile stress by compression stress. However, according to the result of this study the effect of overlay welding on residual stress depends on both internal medium and constraint condition. The purpose of this study is to maximize the positive effect of overlay welding by finite element analyses.


The importance of proper verification and validation (V&V) of simulation models and experiments is well accepted in the modeling and simulation community. There is currently a push to improve the scientific aspects of modeling and simulation, including validation. To determine the amount of validation performed in practice, we analyze 110 health care simulation papers from the last eight years of the Winter Simulation Conference for the level of verification and validation reported and the types of validation techniques applied. Our results show that validation is not discussed sufficiently in most published papers. Although many authors are performing some level of validation on their simulation, close to a fourth of the papers do not mention V&V, while more than half do not provide detail of the type and amount of V&V performed.


The innovation of SWUST chemical experiment based on the content of Design of Chemical Comprehensive Experiments courses,teaching methods and means were innovated to stimulate students'enthusiasm for learning,and so as to enhance their ability to apply theoretical knowledge,experiment skills,and innovation.


The illustrations implying death are those images a poet creates using other texts and applied his/her literary experiments to present the targeted meaning. In meaningful systems of contemporary critical researches, such a concept is appeared with names such as intertextuality, personal call, heritage and mask. Using descriptive – analytical method, the present research attempts to investigate the case of contemporary Lebanese poet Khalil Hawi who applied Arab and the World heritage infinitives so that taking advantage of them he can explain the implication of death and concepts and issues related to it. At the end of such investigation, it is fond that poems of Hawi are full of throught extracted from Arabic literary heritage, native and non-native legends by applying Arab and world literary patterns (for instance Mutanabbi, Maari, Khalil Gibran, Elliot and Lorca) and religious texts (for example Bible and Qur'an); it will be revealed that how he has allocated such texts and converted them as a part of his poems


While the U.K. was the first industrialized country to issue index-linked government bonds, France joint the group of issuers only recently with two series indexed either to the French inflation or to the inflation of the Euro-area. This study investigates the efficiency of those markets. We test the informational content of inflation forecasts and develop trading strategies speculating on the movement of break-even inflation The results indicate that the market for French OATi's offer the possibility to obtain excess returns. These results are fairly consistent regardless of market frictions introduced in the return calculation. We also show that those trading strategies are beneficial for practitioners tracking indexlinked bond indexes of the particular markets. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +31-43-388-3859; fax +31-43-388-4875. E-mail address: email@example.com .


The cartoon shows a reporter questioning netball player Catherine Latu. To illustrate a story about a comment on a Facebook page about Latu's weight and the ensuing discussion. Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s). Physical Description: Image file - Jpeg


Some initial results on the implantation of single- and multi-mode optical fibres are described. Fibres are wound onto a bobin system for insertion into the implantation chamber. Long and short lengths of fibres as well as discrete elements along a fibre have been implanted. Refractive index changes of 5 x 10-3 have been produced in the fibres, leading to new guiding properties. A large dose dependent fluorescence and attenuation increase is also produced in the fibre.


In my college years I took a folklore class from Barre Toelken, one of the modern giants of folk studies. Along the way I gained a personal appreciation for aphorisms and idioms—short sayings commenting on a situation by comparing it to something else, usually unfavorably. Dictionaries boil down an aphorism to "a pithy observation that contains a general truth." An idiom is an aphorism with cleverness thrown in for good measure. Anyone who has sworn "when hell freezes over" has used an idiom. The seafaring people of northern Europe occasionally invoke a folkish comment describing a futile effort. "That Jan," someone might say, "he's sweeping back the tide with a broom."


Background of the study: Mental health literacy is a very important skill because mental health is as important as physical health. University students must have mental health literacy because they face heavy pressure in the learning process and in social interactions. Academic libraries can play an active role in creating students' mental health literacy.Purpose: to identify and explain how the role of academic libraries in creating students' mental health literacy.
Method:  It is a literature review, namely reviewing the books, journal articles, news, reports on mental health, mental health among students, the function and role of the academic library. Next, synergize the results of the study with the results of the researchers' thoughts.
Findings:  Academic libraries can carry out various activities as an effort to create students' mental health literacy, namely providing easy access to mental health information sources through library  collections development and providing mental health corners; promoting mental health collections in the library; organize mental health literacy campaigns through events such as seminars; providing health consultation facilities in collaboration with mental health professionals such as psychologists and psychiatrists.
Conclusions: Academic libraries can play an active role in creating students' mental health literacy by utilizing their resources and by collaborating with professionals.


We report on the anodic formation of a self-standing 720 μm thick TiO2 nanotubular membrane by complete consumption of a 250 μm thick titanium foil sample. By employing double sided electrochemical oxidation of titanium in an electrolyte comprised of water, NH4F, and ethylene glycol, we obtain two highly ordered, hexagonal close-packed titania nanotube arrays 360 μm in length that are separated by a thin compact oxide layer; the individual nanotubes in each array have an aspect ratio of ∼2200. The potentiostatic anodization of titanium in an ethylene glycol, NH4F, and water electrolyte dramatically increases the rate of nanotube array growth to approximately 15 μm/h, representing a growth rate ∼750−6000% greater than that seen, respectively, in other polar organic or aqueous based electrolytes previously used to form TiO2 nanotube arrays. We consider the effects of electrolyte composition, applied potential, and anodization duration on the length and diameter of the resulting nanotubes in terms of a growt...


This paper is a summary of the first phase of a study initiated by the US Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), seven Southern California water agencies, and the California Department of Water Resources. The objective of this study, known as the Southern California Comprehensive Water Reclamation and Reuse Study (SCCWRRS), is to identify opportunities and constraints for maximizing water reuse in Southern California using two time horizons, 2010 and 2040. Maximizing water reuse will help to meet increasing demands while facing limited supplies of fresh water future.


Skin diseases pose a significant problem for patients receiving long-term immunosuppression, in particular, kidney-transplant recipients. Most of these skin diseases are composed of neoplastic, infectious, or drug-related skin lesions. Skin cancer is the most common malignancy associated with immunosuppression. The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in the immunosuppressive kidneytransplant recipient is considerably higher than in the normal population and skin cancers in these recipients tend to be aggressive in nature. Regular surveillance of renal-transplant recipients and early biopsy of suspicious skin lesions allow early detection of skin cancer. Patients should also be advised to avoid unprotected exposure to sunlight, to apply appropriate sunscreens and to stop smoking. We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma on the face of a 46-year-old male kidney transplant recipient who was on an immunosuppressive regimen. (Korearl J Derrnatol 2004;42(7):870-873)


Ever growing poverty, unemployment, huge inequality between rich and poor countries are witnessed to the nightmare and failure of world economy first time in the 21st century. The present economic crises across the globe are said to be the result of neo-economic theories such as Thatcher-Regan free market model which dominated world economic philosophy more than 30 years. The series of the current global financial crisis, particularly in USA and the European countries service industry, Automobiles industry and Information Technology and its related services, are become a global threat where it swallows developing countries economies one by one. Many studies said that this is the result of failure of free market model where the government intervention in trade and commerce is negligible. In a free market economic model, there is a close collision among trade, commerce and Politics which leads to manipulation of market by a few market leaders with the cost of a huge number. In this juncture, this is the time to find out an appropriate solution to cue and accelerate the economic growth. In this paper an earnest attempt is made to study the impact of global economic crisis on developing countries which are often become puppets in the hands of developed countries. This paper speaks in three core areas where the first section deals introduction of the study, the second section deals, heart of this paper, impact of the global economic crisis on developing countries particularly South Asia, Africa and India and the last section speaks out some possible conclusions.


This paper transcribes the Dunhuang document P.4837A,restores its original structure,and points out the source of its citations.The writing of P.4837A is later than that of Tongdian written by Du You;P.4837A is a document on military philosophy with Bazheng from Wojijing as its frame.Furthermore,the writing of Wojijing should be dated before the Tang Dynasty.


Biographies can tell us about ourselves, where we came from, and where we might go. I recently read two narratives of the lives of extraordinary people and their times. I think their lives and politics are relevant to us today. The Undiscovered Paul Robeson: Quest for Freedom, 1939–1976, by Paul Robeson Jr., chronicles the years of struggle in the life of the theatrical performer, singer, linguist, and fighter for human freedom. Subversive Southerner: Anne Braden and the Struggle for Racial Justice in the Cold War South, by Catherine Fosl, tells the story of a militant Southern woman who rejected the political culture of her day to fight for the liberation of African Americans, always insisting that Southern whites had to play a significant role in that struggle.


The findings above suggest that the anti-methanogenic effects of lovastatin lactone in the intestine may be dissociated from systemic effects such as lipid lowering, that are attributable to lovastatin β-hydroxyacid. This was investigated by analyzing the effects of SYN-010 on serum markers known to be affected by current lovastatin formulations, specifically: alanine aminotransferase (ALT; liver), creatine kinase (muscle), total cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (lipids). Systemic drug exposure was investigated by measuring plasma trough levels of lovastatin lactone and β-hydroxyacid on days 2, 7 and 28.


1 Copies may be obtained, at cost, from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22121. 2 See footnote 1 to § 247.1. of external factors that impact the S&S, such as adverse conditions, as recommended by the S&S commander/publisher, the S&S board of directors, or the Unified Command CINC. 3. Annually, the S&S commander/publisher shall provide a financial plan that shall include a capital expenditure budget and a 2year forecast for the S&S board of directors' evaluation and recommendation to the Unified Command CINC. The S&S shall also forecast and get approval for building and/or construction projects through the S&S board of directors. 4. The S&S shall maintain a 5-year business strategic and corporate plan that shall be forwarded to the S&S board of directors. The Unified Commands shall forward the ongoing strategic and corporate plan to the Director of the AFIS for overall DoD strategic goals.


A taxonomy of the genra Xistra Bolivar and Teredorus Hancock from China are revised,amony then two new species are described,i. e. Xistra shilinensis sp. nov.,and Teredorus longidorsalis sp. nov. The Xistra shilinensis sp. nov. is allied to Xistra wuyishanensis Zheng Zeng,2011,but differs in: 1) antennae inserted just below the lower margin of eyes; 2) lateral margin of frontal ridge upper narrower and lower broader; 3) with a pair of short parallel longitudinal keels between shoulders; 4) hind process reaching one third of hind tibia; 5) hind margin of subgenital plate of female with three process; 6) lower outer side of hind femur with two black spots; 7) hind tibia black,with two light rings in the middle.The Teredorus longidorsalis sp. nov. is allied to Teredorus guangxiensis Zheng et Shi,2003,but differs in: 1)width of longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge narrower than the width of basal segment of antenna; 2) antennae inserted just below the lower margin of eyes; 3) with a pair indistinct of short oblique longitudinal keels between shoulders; 4) hind process reaching the top of hind tibia; 5) length of the first segment of hind tarsus slightly longer than the third; 6) length of upper valvulae 3 times its width; 7) middle of posterior margin of subgenital plate of female triangularly projecting; 8) hind tibia black,with two white rings in the middle.The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology,Shaanxi Normal University.


In this paper, we describe the effects of ultrasonically preformed cavitation multibubbles in molten metal on both the onset of nucleation and the grain refinement of the solidified metal. Wood's alloy, that is, a bismuth-based quaternary eutectic alloy having a low melting point, was employed in the experiments. It was found that the irradiation of ultrasound at a frequency of 20 kHz and a power of 800 W for a prescribed time before solidification can affect the solidification microstructures of the alloy even if no ultrasound is additionally irradiated during solidification. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image analysis showed that the microstructures were refined by irradiating ultrasound before solidification. This result suggests that numerous ultrasonically induced nanobubbles remained in the molten metal and provided many sites of nucleation. The size of a stably remaining cavitation bubble is estimated to be about 0.2 µm. The grain size of the metal after solidification decreased with an increase in the time elapsed between ultrasound irradiation and solidification. It is very interesting to note that the refinement of solidification microstructures by irradiating ultrasound occurs not during, but before solidification.


The emergency care of patients who may have spinal injuries has become highly ritualized. There is little scientific support for many of the recommended interventions and there is evidence that at least some methods now used in the field and emergency department are harmful. Since prospective clinical trials are not likely to resolve these issues I propose a reconceptualization of spinal trauma to allow a more rational approach to treatment. To do this I analyze the basic physics, biomechanics and physiology involved. I then develop a list of recommended treatment variations that are more in keeping with the actual causes of post impact neurological deterioration than are current methods. Discarding the fundamentally flawed emphasis on decreasing post injury motion and concentrating on efforts to minimize energy deposition to the injured site, while minimizing treatment delays, can simplify and streamline care without subjecting patients to procedures that are not useful and potentially harmful. Specific treatments that are irrational and which can be safely discarded include the use of backboards for transportation, cervical collar use except in specific injury types, immobilization of ambulatory patients on backboards, prolonged attempts to stabilize the spine during extrication, mechanical immobilization of uncooperative or seizing patients and forceful in line stabilization during airway management. 4. Dixon M, O'Halloran J, Cummins NM. Biomechanical analysis of spinal immobilisation during prehospital extrication: a proof of concept study. Emerg Med J. 2013 Jun 28. • Background. In most countries, road traffic collisions (RTCs) are the main cause of cervical spine injuries. There are several techniques in use for spinal immobilization during prehospital extrication; however, the evidence for these is poor. The aim of this study was to establish which rescue technique provides the minimal deviation of the cervical spine from the neutral inline position during the extrication of the RTC patient using biomechanical analysis techniques. • Methods. A simulated male patient(weight 80 kg, height 180 cm) was fitted with a cervical collar and extricated from a prepared motor vehicle with roof removed and standard Emergency medical services safety measures in place. A rescue crew of four firefighter first responders and two paramedics performed eight different extrication techniques. The patient was marked with biomechanical sensors in the midline and in two horizontal planes at the level of the forehead and clavicles, respectively. Relative movement between the sensors was captured via 12 infrared high-speed motion-analysis cameras recording at 200 Hz. A virtual threedimensional mathematical model was developed from the recorded movement. Results. Control measurements were taken from the patient during self-extrication under verbal instruction and movement was recorded of 4.194◦ left of midline (LOM) to 2.408◦ right of midline (ROM), resulting in total movement of 6.602◦. In comparison, the minimum deviation recorded during equipment-aided extrication (long spinal board and/or extrication device) was movement of 3.365◦ LOM and 8.352◦ ROM, resulting in total movement of 11.717◦. The maximum deviation recorded during equipment-aided extrication was movement of 1.588◦ LOM and 24.498◦ ROM, resulting in total movement of 26.086◦. • Conclusions. Standard extrication techniques cause up to four times more cervical spine movement during extrication than controlled self-extrication. 5. Engsberg JR, Standeven JW, Shurtleff TL, Eggars JL, Shafer JS, Naunheim RS. Cervical spine motion during extrication. J Emerg Med. 2013 Jan;44(1):122-7. • Background: It has been estimated that up to one-quarter of spinal cord injuries may be significantly worsened during extrication or early treatment after a motor vehicle accident. • Study Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the planar motions of the head relative to the torso during extrication from an automobile in a laboratory setting. • Methods: Video motion capture was used to quantify the range of motion of the head relative to the torso in 10 participants as they were extricated from a mock motor vehicle during four different extrication techniques: 1) Unassisted Unprotected, 2) Unassisted Protected with a cervical collar (CC), 3) Assisted and Protected with a CC, and 4) Assisted and Protected with a CC and Kendrick Extrication Device. • Results: The results indicated a significant decrease in movement for all motions when the driver exited the vehicle unassisted with CC protection, compared to exiting unassisted and without protection. Decreases in movement were also observed for an event (i.e., Pivot in seat) during extrication with paramedic assistance and protection. However, no movement reduction was observed in another event (i.e., Recline on board) with both paramedic assistance and protection. • Conclusion: In this study, no decrease in neck movement occurred for certain extrication events that included protection and assistance by the paramedics. Future work should further investigate this finding. 6. Leonard JC, Mao J, Jaffe DM. Potential Adverse Effects of Spinal Immobilization in Children. Prehosp Emerg Care. Oct-Dec 2012, 16(4) , pp 513-518. • Objective. The purpose of our study was to describe potential adverse effects associated with spinal immobilization following trauma among children. • Methods. We conducted a prospective cohort study of children presenting to the emergency department (ED) for evaluation following trauma over a 13-month period. Children were eligible if they underwent spinal immobilization prior to physician evaluation or if they met the American College of Surgeons (ACS) guidelines for spinal immobilization but were not immobilized. We compared children who were immobilized with those who were not immobilized for selfreported pain, use of radiography to evaluate the cervical spine, ED length of stay, and ED disposition. We also report the characteristics of the cohort. • Results. One hundred seventy-three spine-immobilized children and 112 children who met ACS criteria but were not immobilized were enrolled. There were differences between the two study groups, which included age, mechanism of injury, and proportion transported by emergency medical services. However, the comparison groups had comparable Pediatric Trauma Scores (PTSs) and Glasgow Coma Scale scores (GCSs). Immobilized children had a higher median pain score (3 versus 2) and were more likely to undergo cervical radiography (56.6% versus 13.4%) and be admitted to the hospital (41.6% versus 14.3%). The comparison groups had similar lengths of stay in the ED. • Conclusion. Despite presenting with comparable PTSs and GCSs, children who underwent spinal immobilization following trauma had a higher degree of self-reported pain, and were much more likely to undergo radiographic cervical spine clearance and be admitted to the hospital than those who were not immobilized. Future studies are warranted to determine whether these differences are related to spinal immobilization or differences in the mechanisms of injury, injury patterns, or other variables. 7. Stuke LE, Pons PT, Guy JS, Chapleau WP, Butler FK, McSwain NE. Prehospital spine immobilization for penetrating trauma--review and recommendations from the Prehospital Trauma Life Support Executive Committee. J Trauma. 2011 Sep;71(3):763-9; discussion 769-70. • This paper from the Prehospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS) Executive Committee provides a literature review and recommendations. In summary the PHTLS recommendations are: • There are no data to support routine spine immobilization in patients with penetrating trauma to the neck or torso. • There are no data to support routine spine immobilization in patients with isolated penetrating trauma to the cranium. • Spine immobilization should never be done at the expense of accurate physical examination or identification and correction of life-threatening conditions in patients with penetrating trauma. • Spinal immobilization may be performed after penetrating injury when a focal neurologic deficit is noted on physical examination although there is little evidence of benefit even in these cases. 8. Haut ER, Kalish BT, Efron DT, Haider, AH. Stevens KA, Kieninger AN, Cornwell EE, Chang DC. Spine Immobilization in Penetrating Trauma: More Harm Than Good? J Trauma. 2010;68: 115–121 • Background: Previous studies have suggested that prehospital spine immobilization provides minimal benefit to penetrating trauma patients but takes valuable time, potentially delaying definitive trauma care. We hypothesized that penetrating trauma patients who are spine immobilized before transport have higher mortality than nonimmobilized patients. • Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of penetrating trauma patients in the National Trauma Data Bank (version 6.2). Multiple logistic regression was used with mortality as the primary outcome measure. We compared patients with versus without prehospital spine immobilization, using patient demographics, mechanism (stab vs. gunshot), physiologic and anatomic injury severity, and other prehospital procedures as covariates. Subset analysis was performed based on Injury Severity Score category, mechanism, and blood pressure. We calculated a number needed to treat and number needed to harm for spine immobilization. • Results: In total, 45,284 penetrating trauma patients were studied; 4.3% of whom underwent spine immobilization. Overall mortality was 8.1%. Unadjusted mortality was twice as high in spine-immobilized patients (14.7% vs. 7.2%, p _ 0.001). The odds ratio of death for spineimmobilized patients was 2.06 (95% CI: 1.35–3.13) compared with nonimmobilized patients. Subset analysis showed consistent trends in all populations. Only 30 (0.01%) patients had incomplete spinal cord injury and underwent operative spine fixation. The number needed


In medieval China,the North-Western dialect was considered to be an important part of the Chinese language.This dialect was popular in a vast area that extended across the Western Regions of China and played an important role as an indispensable medium in cultural exchanges between Chinese and Central Asian ethnic groups.As a result,Chinese words were found in the texts of ancient Central Asian languages such as Tibetan,Sogdian,Khotanese and Uighur that were found in Dunhuang,Turfan,and other Central Asian sites.These words generally exhibited the features of North-Western dialect.However,considering the enormously large territory over which it was spoken,it can be easily imagined that the North-Western dialect has spawned many variations.Absent reliable information on the phonological systems,less attention has been paid to such variations.This paper attempts to point out the existence of systematic and significant variations among the ancient North-Western dialects by using Tibetan transcriptions,Uighur pronunciations,and Western Xia documents.


For a class of linear systems, the paper studies the reliable tracking controller design problem against actuator faults. A sufficient condition for the existence of a reliable tracking controller is given. Then a reliable tracking controller design method is developed. This method is based on linear guaranteed cost tracking performance index and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The simulation illustrates the design procedures and their effectiveness. The comparisons of the reliable tracking controller and the normal tracking controller show the necessity of reliable tracking control.


Bathyplectes curculiollis (Thomson), a parasite of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), apparently was not released in Missouri or Arkansas (Brunson and Coles 1968), yet it was found parasitizing larvae of the alfalfa weevil at Garwood, Mo. (Reynolds Co.), in 1965 and at Hardy, Ark. (Sharp Co.), in 1968. The presence of both emerged and unemerged diapausing cocoons in the litter of alfalfa fields in April at each locality indicated that B. curculionis must have been present in both states at least 1 year prior to discovery. In Missouri this date would coincide with the initial discovery of the weevil in the state (Munson and Enns 1968) and indicates a simultaneous introduction of both host and parasite. The nearest known parasite release sites were in Kentucky and Tennessee in 1963 and 1964 and the parasite had been recovered in Illinois in 1964 although it was never released there (Dysart and Puttler 1965).


With the rapid development of imaging equipment present day,advanced cardiac imaging has been the advancest noninvasive examination.Because of the peatures of cardiac diseases,nursing works in imctging is important especially.


Measuring Hemoglobin (Hb) levels is required for the assessment of different health conditions, such as anemia, a condition where there are insufficient healthy red blood cells to carry enough oxygen to the body's tissues. Measuring Hb levels requires the extraction of a blood sample, which is then sent to a laboratory for analysis. This is an invasive procedure that may add challenges to the continuous monitoring of Hb levels. Noninvasive techniques, including imaging and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals combined with machine learning techniques, are being investigated for continuous measurements of Hb. However, the availability of real data to train the algorithms is limited to establishing a generalization and implementation of such techniques in healthcare settings. In this work, we present a computational model based on Monte Carlo simulations that can generate multispectral PPG signals that cover a broad range of Hb levels. These signals are then used to train a Deep Learning (DL) model to estimate hemoglobin levels. Through this approach, valuable insights about the relationships between PPG signals, oxygen saturation, and Hb levels are learned by the DL model. The signals were generated by propagating a source in a volume that contains the skin tissue properties and the target physiological parameters. The source consisted of plane waves using the 660 nm and 890 nm wavelengths. A range of 6 g/dL to 18 dL Hb values was used to generate 468 PPGs to train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The initial results show high accuracy in detecting low levels of Hb. To the best of our knowledge, the complexity of biological interactions involved in measuring hemoglobin levels has yet to be fully modeled. The presented model offers an alternative approach to studying the effects of changes in Hb levels on the PPGs signal morphology and its interaction with other physiological parameters that are present in the optical path of the measured signals.


Objective: To observe the influence of dexamethasone on serum IL-4 and the pathological changes of lung tissue of guinea pig with asthma.and to explore the mechanism of dexamethasone in the treatment of asthma.Methods: 30 healthy male Hartley guinea pigs were divided into three groups randomly and equally: control group,model group,dexamethasone treatment group.The model guinea pigs of asthma was induced by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin.The level of CD4+ IL-4 was tested by flow cytometer and analyzed statistically.Lung histological changes were examined by HE stains and under microscopy.Results: IL-4 increased obviously in model group compared with control group(P0.05).The levels of IL-4 in serum of dexamethasone treatment groups were significantly lower than those of model group(P0.05).The bronchial tube epider-mis damage and the mucous membrane gland proliferation were obviously improved in dexamethasone treatment group compared with model group.Conclusion: Dexamethasone could relieving asthma according to inhibiting the activation of Th2 and improveing the lung tectology changes.