Mosque is a religious institution which receives constant financial support from the Muslim community in order to carry out various development projects and spiritual activities. However, the expenditure of mosque institution is limited to the development for the benefit of the parishioners only. Moreover, the existence of waqf development institution faces the problem of funding constraint that causes the inability to complete the construction of development projects. Therefore, this study aims to identify acceptance factors of Muslim Community towards the direct involvement of mosque institution to channel some part of monetary contribution from the Muslim society, at the community level, for waqf development outside the community. This study has employed the instrument of a questionnaire form involving 312 Muslim respondents in one state of Malaysia and logistic regression was used for the analysis. The results show that knowledge, equipment, money and difference are positively significant whereas satisfaction show negative direction towards the agreement to transfer mosque fund to waqf fund. In general, the finding of the study provide supports that respondents agree to channel the mosque institution fund for the use of development outside of the community. Interestingly, respondents are found to be open minded in the matter of mosque fund expenditure to be utilized for the waqf development even though it will be implemented in the area of outside of the community. Nevertheless, this perception is influenced by the current level of development of a mosque encompassing the physical facilities, infrastructure and activities conducted by the mosque management. The physical level of the mosque which has yet to reach certain quality requires that the mosque fund to be spent first on its own community needs. Thus, this study shows that Muslim community does support the involvement of mosque institution as the agent in the development of economy and social by utilizing the mosque fund.


Epileptic seizure detection in a home situation is often not feasible due to the complicated attachment of the EEG-electrodes on the scalp. We propose to detect nocturnal seizures with a motor component in patients by means of a single video camera. To this end we use a combination of optical flow and mean shift clustering to register moving body parts. After extraction of seven features, related to amplitude, duration and direction of the motion, we carry out a first validation with a linear support vector machine classifier. This resulted in a sensitivity of 80.60% and a positive predictive value of 62.07%.


Within half a century, there were two Unitarian authors who created rhymed Hungarian translations of the Book of Psalms – Miklós Fazakas Bogáti at the end of the 16th century and János Thordai in 1627. There are still unanswered questions regarding these translations: why did Bogáti's translation not spread among Unitarian congregations? Was Thordai acquainted with Bogáti's translation?
 This paper explores the circle of possible answers to these questions from various perspectives. It also examines Bogáti's biography and the subsequent legacy of his Psalterium, taking into account the context of Church history and the history of publishing Unitarian songbooks. In addition, the poetics of the two translations are analysed. Based on these it transpires that there were several circumstances that made the spreading of the Psalterium difficult.
 However, Thordai's work should not be viewed solely as depending on Bogáti's translation, since it is not certain that Thordai was trying to fill a gap with his translation. The Transylvanian Unitarians did not necessarily intend to publish a complete Unitarian translation of the Book of Psalms in their songbooks.


The present study has been focused on the super-ego variants of learning Disabled children. 100 Learning Abled (LA) and 100 Learning Disabled (LD) children, aged 6-9 years were studied. Super Ego (SE) variants were assesed by using the Indian adaptation of Rosenzweig Picture-frustration Study. Result revealed that the t-value of only one variant (1-1) is statistically significant, while others were insignificant.


The invention relates to a fine S-wave impedance access technology based on a logging and prestack channel set seismic data. The technology is characterized by calculating an elastic modulus of a dry rock matrix and a modulus of saturated fluid rock by a Xu-White equation; taking a conventional sound wave and a density logging as a datum curve based on the estimation of initial S-Wave speed, and correcting and inputting elastic parameters to obtain the initially corrected S-wave impedance information; and establishing an iterative inversion model via an error obtained by comparing the change rule changing with offset distance of amplitude of the prestack channel set and an actual outdoor seismic channel set synthesized by a P-wave and a S-wave and density information with a wave group by a rotation orthogonal direction-based method to finally obtain a S-wave impedance curve. The technology has strong adaptability, convenient operation, simple and easy calculation, strong anti-noise capability, stable S-wave parameters and the like, and position change of a plurality of main in-phase shafts between a synthetic channel set and the actual seismic channel set obtained by initial inversion parameters is consistent with the amplitude change.


Based on a linearized set of self-consistent equations describing the time-dependent self-consistent wave-particle interaction in a gyrotron oscillator, a spectral approach is used for determining the spectrum of stable and unstable self-consistent eigenmodes. The model is an extension of a recently developed model based on a moment approach in [1] and retains all the relevant system inhomogeneities such as cavity-wall and magnetic field profiles. It is shown that this model predicts a new set of eigenmodes in addition to the set of eigenmodes issued from the cold-cavity modes. The model, the numerical implementation together with results for a real gyrotron cavity will be presented, discussed and compared to experimental results.


When the Code of Canon Law came into force on May Igth, 1918, the teaching that the Church supplies jurisdiction in common error attained, for the first. time, the status of a written ecclesiastical 1aw.l True, the doctrine had been recognized for centuries previously, but until the promulgation of the new Code it enjoyed the rank only of jus consuetudinarium. Like so many other canonical institutions it had its origin in Roman Law, and was introduced to Canon Law through the universal acceptance by canonists and theologians-with approval of ecclesiastical authority-of certain laws contained in the Corpus Juris Civili~.~ By incorporating in his Decretum some relevant extracts from the Code and Digest of J ~ s t i n i a n , ~ Gratian, who died about the year 1160, appears to have been the first ecclesiastical writer to make mention of the principle ; but it is clear from the writings of Pope Innocent IV (d. 1254) that it had become firmly established in canonical jurisprudence as early as the thirteenth century.* From the viewpoint of legal force there is, of course, no difference between jus scriptum and jus colzsuetudinarium, and consequently


Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and image quality of peripheral MRA with two-point Dixon-FatSaturation during the steady state after injection of gadofosveset. Materials and Methods: In prospective, intraindividual study 10 healthy volunteers (mean age 29.2 years) were examined at 3.0T (Siemens Tim Trio) 1h after the bolus injection of 0.03mmol/kg BW gadofosveset (Vasovist®, Bayerhealthcare) using a dedicated 36-element peripheral MRA-matrix coil. A large field of view ranging from the knee to the ankle volume-interpolated breathhold-exam (VIBE) sequence with two-point Dixon fat-suppression (DixFS) and the a VIBE sequence with spectral fat-saturation (SFS) were acquired in a random order. The VIBE sequences were specifically adapted to steady state conditions with a long TR of 7ms and a low flip angle of 12°. Apart from the different method of fat-suppression the sequence parameters of the VIBE sequences were equal (spatial resolution 1×1x1mm3, TAqc DixFS 0:52min, SFS 0:58min). Image quality was rated by two radiologists in consensus on a 4 point ordinal scale (4-very good –1 poor-non diagnostic). The signal-to-nose ratio (SNR) contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR, vessel-fat) was measured in the volunteers/patients using the difference method at three distinct points over the FOV (knee level +20mm, +210mm, +350mm). T-tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Diagnostic image quality was achieved in all exams. The image quality of the DixFS-images was rated superior (median 4) over the SFS-images (median 3, p=0.03). The SNR of muscles and vessels was 40% higher with DixFS (p<0.008) while the SNR of fat was decreased by 40.3% from 40.7 with SFS to 22.4 with DixFS (p<0.0001). The CNR (fat/muscle) of the DixFS images of 84.1/71.7 was significantly higher than the CNR of the SFS images of 47.7/47.4 (p<0.001). Conclusion: Two-point Dixon fat suppression for MR-angiography during the steady state after the administration of gadofosveset is feasible with superior image quality and more than 50% increase in CNR (fat/muscle) compared to spectral fat saturation without an additional time penalty.


: Net work on chip is a scalable fast communication system used by multi core systems. However, research has shown that metallic interconnects cause high latency and consume excess energy in NoC systems. Ant colony optimization is a new fault tolerant routing algorithm introduced for network on chip systems. It is based on the concept of behavior of natural ants. If a node is faulty it will find out new path based on amount of pheromone deposited.


Indicators are increasingly dominating our lives; whether we are aware of it or not. They have been popular tools for sustainable development policy makers, planners and managers, largely because they do the hard work of condensing complexity into single values that can be more easily digested and acted upon. But much power rests with those who select the indicators deemed to be important. This paper explores some of these issues at what is now regarded by some as the new frontier in "indicatorology"; their use and influence. The authors argue that a new tyranny of methodology may be at play. Author's Note Dr. Simon Bell is a Senior Lecturer in Information Systems at the Open University. His background is multidisciplinary, with a strong emphasis on research methods development, information systems design and monitoring and evaluation. Simon co-developed and refined the information systems analysis and design methodology "Multiview" and developed various project planning methods. Working with the European Union and UNEP he worked across the Mediterranean on a series of coastal area management projects refining and adapting participatory methods in information collection and presentation from a diverse variety of stakeholder groups. More recently, with Professor Stephen Morse, he has co-developed the Triple Task Method for the European Union FP7 programme. The method innovates in the area of engaging with and exploring group dynamics in a range of stakeholder participatory engagements. Dr. Bell has written and published widely in the areas of participatory methods, information systems and methodology development. Stephen Morse is Chair in Systems Analysis for Sustainability at the Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey. His background is in the biological sciences, with a specialism in the theory and practice of sustainability. Steve has been involved in sustainable development projects and research for nearly 30 years, and his research interests are broad spanning both the natural and social sciences. Research projects have included work on the socioeconomic impacts of genetically modified crops, the analysis of partnership within faith-based aid chains and the influence of indicators on policy (with Simon Bell). Steve is an author of more than 80 research papers and 15 books including "Sustainability; A biological perspective"


We present experiments revealing a singularity in the coherent current across a superconductor/semiconductor/superconductor (SSmS) junction at the bias voltage corresponding to the superconducting energy gap $V=\ensuremath{\Delta}/e.$ The SSmS structure consists of highly doped GaAs with superconducting electrodes of aluminum configured as an interferometer. The phase-coherent component of the current is probed as the amplitude of $h/2e$ vs magnetic-field oscillations in the differential resistance of the interferometer.


Survey to select the desirable clones of litchi (Litchi chemensis Sonn.) was conducted in the litchi growing areas of Bihar, Jharkhand, Assam and Tripura during the fruiting season of 2007–08 to 2010–11. The fruit characteristics were studied in the selected clones, which have exhibited a wide range of variation. On the basis of variability in fruit characteristics, ninety-seven clones were identified and studied for various physico-chemical parameters.The important clones from value addition and processing point of view were those having (i) higher fruit weight (ASL-95 (29.92g/fruit), ASl-85 (21.75g/fruit) and ASL-97 (21.13g/fruit)), (ii) high TSS (ASL-65 (20.88oBrix) and ASL-92 (20.16oBrix)), (iii) small seeds (ASL-97 (0.52g/seed) and ASL-95 (1.18g/seed)) and (iv) high pulp percentage (ASL-97 (83.65%) and ASL-95 (79.78%) were identified. Four clones viz., ASL-97, ASL-95, ASL-96 and ASL-89 were having most of desirable attributes for fresh fruit consumption as well as for processing/value addition and have been finally selected and propagated vegetatively. Further, there is ample scope for selection of the desirable clones from the existing variability in the litchi orchards.The correlation studies for fruit weight with pulp weight, fruit weight with seed size, pulp weight with TSS,TSS with acidity and fruit colour with TSS and acidity, etc. can be established for screening of large populations of the identified litchi clones.


Röckner and Zhang (Probab Theory Relat Fields 145, 211–267, 2009) proved the existence of a unique strong solution to a stochastic tamed 3D Navier–Stokes equation in the whole space and for the periodic boundary case using a result from Stroock and Varadhan (Multidimensional diffusion processes, Springer, Berlin, 1979). In the latter case, they also proved the existence of an invariant measure. In this paper, we improve their results (but for a slightly simplified system) using a self-contained approach. In particular, we generalise their result about an estimate on the L4-norm of the solution from the torus to R3, see Lemma 5.1 and thus establish the existence of an invariant measure on R3 for a time-homogeneous damped tamed 3D Navier–Stokes equation, given by (6.1). Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 60H15; Secondary 35R60, 35Q30, 76D05.


Despite their relatively low sampling factor, the freely available, randomly sampled status streams of Twitter are very useful sources of geographically embedded social network data. To statistically analyze the information Twitter provides via these streams, we have collected a year's worth of data and built a multi-terabyte relational database from it. The database is designed for fast data loading and to support a wide range of studies focusing on the statistics and geographic features of social networks, as well as on the linguistic analysis of tweets. In this paper we present the method of data collection, the database design, the data loading procedure and special treatment of geo-tagged and multi-lingual data. We also provide some SQL recipes for computing network statistics.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: magnetic resonance system visualization contains a sequence control block, a block digitization and a control unit. The sequence control unit controls the magnetic resonance scanner to collect compressed data magnetic resonance from the region visualization of the subject. Block digitization determines the change in the concentration of contrast medium present in the region visualization of the subject based on the magnetic resonance signals received by the radio frequency receiver. The control unit regulates the degree of compression of the collected data magnetic resonance based on the definition made by the block digitization. EFFECT: balancing the spatial and temporal resolution of dynamic contrast images. 15 cl, 4 dwg


Abstract Biomembranes show some properties of liquid crystal. The molecules of the membrane can diffuse along the membrane plane. ISE (In Situ Electrophoresis) is one of the new techniques to measure the lateral diffusion of the molecules. By this technique, we studied the membrane fluidity of Ehrlich ascitic cancer cell of a mouse, and obtained the diffusion coefficient D = 3.2 × 10−10 cm2/sec and the electrophoretic mobility m = 1.3 × 10−4 (μ/sec)/(v/cm) of the Con A receptors of the membrane at 22°C. A larger dispersion of the diffusion coefficient was noticed. We suggest that this is probably one of the characteristics of cancer cells.


Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of PGA with oral keratinocyte fibroblast and to improve cell!seeding methods for developing tissue engineered oral mucosa.Method: Human oral keratinocytes and fibroblast were seeded on PGA mesh separately. 1) Observe cell attachment and tissue development on the PGA scaffolds by light microscopy and electron microscopy. 2) In addition, MTT was also performed to document growth of oral mucosa keratinocyte and fibroblast.Result: Cells can attach and grow on the PGA scaffolds, The fibroblasts and keratinocytes were also found to grow faster on PGA fibers than on culture dish.Conclusion: PGA has excellent biocompatibility with oral mucosa keratinocytes and fibroblast. It's feasible to use it to develop a new functional tissue in vitro.


Readers should know that Dr. Graves was not entirely satisfied with this piece, though it is by far the most popular of the articles and quite readable as an introduction to the theory. Helixes one and two are reversed in later papers so that problems of existence come first as A, B, C, etc., rather than N, O, P, etc., as in this writing. Graves was also not happy with some of the depictions of GT and HU characteristics. Human Nature Prepares for a Momentous Leap


The paper presents results of calculations of aerodynamic characteristics and numerical simulations of flight of guided aerial bombs with a laser guiding system for their selected structural configurations. Moreover, the aerodynamic characteristics were calculated with different methods and the results were compared. A system of twelve differential regular equations supplemented by principles of steering was used to describe bombs spatial motion for simulation purposes. The main objective of the paper was the analysis of an influence which bombs structural configuration effects on aerodynamic characteristics and the identification of aerodynamic properties which are specific for these structural configurations and which could be preferred at designing of guided bombs. Exemplary results of calculations are presented in the paper.


Seen on PTC's Product Lifecycle Stories Blog - a discussion between Kalypso and PTC on the challenges around executive leadership with large-scale PLM initiatives.


A cyclic polyether (1) showed enhanced cation binding ability by trans to cis photoisomerization in the presence of benzophenone. The results were explained in terms of the profitable structural arrangement of oxygen atoms of the polyether linkage in cis-1.


The current status of the SWIRT Project is discussed. This project, involving the Observatories from Teramo, Rome and Pulkovo, is presently aimed to the infrared follow-up of supernovae and to the search of them in external galaxies. This is accomplished with the near-infrared camera SWIRCAM, mounted at the focal plane of the 1.1-m telescope AZT24 at Campo Imperatore, L'Aquila, Italy. The first results of the survey program performed on 1448+514 galaxies are described. The infrared follow-up of six supernovae is shown, with a particular attention to the infrared+optical lightcurves of the type-IIn supernova SN1999el, the second of this class of objects ever studied with this detail. Finally the future perspectives, related mainly to the implementation of the lowresolution spectroscopic mode of the camera SWIRCAM, are outlined.


The cis-decalin based γ-amino alcohols, 1−5, were synthesized, resolved, and employed as catalysts in the addition of organozincs to benzaldehyde. Despite large facial differentiation in the RZn ad...


We investigate the impact of security analyst coverage on the incidence of corporate financial fraud in China. After controlling for the endogeneity between analyst following and fraud, we find that financial analyst coverage cannot significantly influence the incidence of fraud. The empirical findings suggest that financial analysts do not serve as external monitors to managers and large shareholders in China.


Persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) after 6 months caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has been reported with a variable prevalence worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of long‐term OD and identify predisposing factors.


Near-field radiative heat transfer between bodies at the nanoscale can surpass blackbody limits on thermal radiation by orders of magnitude due to contributions from evanescent electromagnetic fields, which carry no energy to the far-field. Thus far, principles guiding explorations of larger heat transfer beyond planar structures have assumed utility in surface nanostructuring and related enhancements in the density of states. We re-examine this assumption by deriving fundamental limits to near-field radiative heat transfer in polaritonic materials, which can be made to exhibit strong resonant response in the infrared, limited only by intrinsic material losses. We show that at any given wavelength, multiple scattering severely limits the marginal utility of nanoscale texturing for the purpose of enhancing near-field heat transfer, beyond shifting the resonant response of these materials to selective wavelengths. While dipolar bodies are shown to benefit from stronger material response (larger indices of refraction and smaller losses) up to a size-dependent threshold, the upper bounds on near-field heat transfer between extended structures are found to be practically reached by planar structures at the surface polariton condition, which has ramifications for the ultimate performance of thermophotovoltaics, nanoscale cooling, and related thermal devices operating in the near field.


he authors report a very rare case of tuberculous spondylitis combined with a schwannoma of spinal cord. A 39-year-old man was admitted because of paraparesis(G1/G2). MRI showed severe cord compression at two different levels. One was by the bulged soft tissue and subligamentous abscess extending from T7 to T9 and the other was by an intradural extramedullary cord tumor at the level of T1-2. At first operation, T8 corpectomy and T7-9 plate fixation with autogenous iliac bone graft were performed. After then, Paraparesis was improved(G2/G3) postoperatively. The second operation underwent two weeks later. The tumor was totally removed and shortly after second operation, paraparesis was markedly improved(G3/G4). Histological diagnosis were tuberculous spondylitis and schwannoma, respectively. The authors reviewed this case where good surgical outcome was obtained by two stage operation.


We describe a class of approximation procedures which is applicable to a variety of lattice theories including lattice gauge theories. The approach is nonperturbative in the temperature or its inverse. The low-order approximants are expected to be most reliable at low temperatures. As examples we approximate the free energy of the classical $x$-$y$ model and of Abelian gauge fields on a lattice in two ways, one of which gives us monotonically converging bounds on the free energy.


The study included 103 male patients aged from 40 to 55 years with postinfarction myocardial fibrosis. The patients were divided into three groups of functional class (FC) of CHF according to the New York Heart Classification (NYHA) according to the test of 6-minute walk (TSMW): 1 group consisted of 28 patients with CHF FC I; 2 - 46 patients with FC II; 3 - 29 patients with FC III classification NYHA. The control group consisted of 20 healthy volunteers. 62 patients - 15 (I FC), 28 (FC II) and 17 (III FC) received omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acidsat a dose of 1 g per day. The efficacy was evaluated after 6 months. Use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acidsCHF patients improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation and. It reduces the activation of oxidative stress, characterized by a decrease in the level of MDA, AGP and ONOO-, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes.


The major presence of international firms in financial markets has made an important contribution to stability in domestic banking systems in a number of emerging-market economies. Argentina is a case in point. More than half of Argentina's banking system now comprises large international institutions. This helped to build confidence in the banking system, which in turn helped to avoid a run on bank deposits after the Russian and Brazilian crises comparable to that following Mexico's 1995 crisis. In view of the critical role that weak domestic banking systems played in the East Asian crisis, Argentina's experience suggests that increased openness in financial services can play a major role in stabilizing the domestic banking system.


Much has been written about the impact of disability laws on employers and employees. Yet there is little empirical support available on whether disability laws impact employers in a negative or positive way. We fill this gap in the literature by studying the impact of state disability laws adopted by legislatures and courts between 1976 and 1988. By examining the data of approximately 18,000 commercial banks and after controlling for local state economic conditions, we examine whether disability laws impact firm employment, salaries, profitability, and capital investments. We find a small decline in employee salaries and a large decline in fixed asset investment associated with the passage of state disability laws. Our results are significant and surprising, and have policy implications for both state and federal disability protections.


Due to globalisation, many companies have established or acquired production plants worldwide in order to capture the market opportunities that lay beyond their national borders. This has resulted ...


In this paper, an efficient wake-up scheme is proposed for emergency service in T-DMB systems. The approach is based on a conventional activation flag detection which has also been utilized in One-Seg systems. The paper addresses how the conventional detection can be improved in mobile devices. The simulation results reveal that the presented method is superior to the conventional scheme in terms of BER.


• L. Jaulin and F. Le Bars. An interval approach for stability analysis; Application to sailboat robotics. IEEE Transactions on Robotics , 2012. • F. Le Bars, J. Sliwka, O. Reynet, and L. Jaulin. Se t-m mbership state estimation with fleeting data. Automatica, Volume 48, Issue 2, Pages 381-387, 2012. • F. Le Bars, J. Sliwka, and M. Sebela. Autonomous su bmarine robotic system. Cybernetic Letters , 2010.


Polyploidization is a normal cellular adaptation for a variety of cell types in mammals, including cardiomyocytes (CMs); however, the development of polyploidization understudied. Recent work suggests that genetics contribute to diverse displays of ploidy in the adult murine heart. Therefore, we hypothesized that the developmental progression to reach differing end-states may similarly be affected. Here, we assessed CM endowment, cell cycle, and ploidy temporally across two diverse inbred mouse strains, A/J and C57Bl/6J. Consistent with previous work, C57Bl/6J hearts displayed rapid cell cycle activation in the first postnatal week largely coinciding with the first round of endomitosis. Total CM numbers are relatively unchanged after P7, while final ploidy states are generally constant from P14 on. In contrast, A/J mice displayed depressed cell cycle activation in the first week of life. Polyploidy in A/Js reaches its peak at P21, whereby only ~3.5% of CMs remained mononuclear and diploid. Interestingly, from 3-6 weeks of age, we observed a dramatic expansion of total CM numbers and of the 1x2N subpopulation to ~8%, which could not be explained by proliferation of the residual diploid population. Instead, the expanded diploid population appears to come from a polyploid CM. This finding was confirmed by analysis identifying a population of CMs which had definitively completed cytokinesis by 6 weeks which was not present at 3 weeks. We believe this is the first report of ploidy reversal by a mammalian CM, a phenomenon first observed by the hepatocyte field. Ongoing single nuclear RNA seq is examining the transcriptomic differences between A/J and C57Bl/6J CMs at P21 to identify this unique "primed" population competent to undergo ploidy reversal. Preliminary results from this study suggest that AJ CM nuclei, regardless of their ploidy, are more likely to be in the cell cycle in comparison to C57. Understanding the developmental paths to end state CM endowment and ploidy states can help us understand the biology of organ size and reciprocally can be applied to stimulating regeneration.


Understanding and controlling the food microstructure to achieve desired texture and nutrition leads in recent trends in food research. Many microscopic tools are being employed by industrial and academic researchers to reveal the morphology and chemical distribution of the food and ingredient systems. Confocal Raman microscopy is a chemical imaging tool that was recently introduced to the food area, and has gained significant interest among food scientists.


An algorithm was proposed to estimate the boundary and area of terrains with the quadrotor aircraft as the measuring instrument. The tightly coupled closed-loop integrated navigation system( strap-down inertial navigation system and global positioning system) was used to collect the positioning data. The Pauta criterion and EKPF( extended Kalman particle filter)were used to exclude the anomalous positioning data and dispose the remaining positioning data respectively. The boundary and area were estimated using the proposed algorithm based on the final positioning data. The front facing and bottom facing cameras of the aircraft were used to determine the flight direction and select the boundary points. This algorithm could be used to estimate irregular convex polygons,concave polygons and segmental arcs. The estimation error was limited within ± 1. 2%. The actual flight test results indicated the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed algorithm.


Background: Agents which cause contact dermatitis are simple chemical compounds and by themselves these agents will not cause sensitization and are called haptens. These require another molecule usually a protein called the carrier molecule derived from the epidermis to cause allergic sensitization. The confirmation of contact dermatitis is done by the patch testing. There is no substitute for the patch test in the management of allergic contact dermatitis. Methods: After selecting the patient suspected to have allergic contact dermatitis the findings were recorded in the proforma which also includes the systemic examination of CVS, CNS, GIT and respiratory system to study systemic correlation if any. Investigation were done which included Hb%, TLC, DLC, urine routine and microscopic examination, patch testing and other special investigations if required. The patient was subjected to patch testing after the acute stage has subsided and the patient was on no therapy with topical or systemic steroids prior to patch testing . Results: The incidence of allergic contact dermatitis due to cosmetics was found in 7 (5.6%) cases. In that hair dye (PPD) inducing dermatitis was found in 4 (57.4%) and due to hair oil 1 (14.2%), kumkum 1 (14.2%) and Sunsilk shampoo 1 (14.2%). The incidence of PPD sensitivity in this series of 125 cases was 4 (3.2%). Conclusions: PPD is a well-known potent sensitizer, it is a chief constituent of the commonly used hair dyes and also some other cosmetics like nail polish.


This paper analyzes the distributive incidence of gasoline tax in Chile, using the Fifth and Sixth Family Budget Surveys. Incidence is calculated for income and expense distribution so that the potential differences between temporary and permanent income are taken into account. The Suits Index is estimated to measure the progressivity of the tax and confidence intervals are calculated by bootstrapping to make a statistical comparison between changes in incidence and changes in the tax. The results show that the tax is slightly or moderately progressive, but is less progressive in income than in expenses. The simulation of a reduction of nearly 42% in the tax rate, like the one implemented in 2008, reveals that the effect is, in terms of incidence, to reduce the progressivity of the tax minimally.


A case of sudden enlargement of the submandibular and parotid salivary glands following endotracheal intubation is described. The literature concerning this condition is reviewed, and the possible causes are discussed.


Optical spectral transmission imaging (OI) measures the blood-specific absorption of light transmitted through tissue.1–5 OI of joints may measure the level of inflammation in joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), where the inflammatory process is associated with angiogenesis and increased blood flow.

We compared OI by Hemics Full Hand Proto with colour Doppler (CD) ultrasonography as gold standard reference for inflammation. Sixty-two patients fulfilling the 2010 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for RA, with no significant deformation of hands or wrists and no surgery for the last 3 months, had OI performed of the wrists and all metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints. Median age was 62 years, 76% were female, median DAS28 was 3.6 and 71% were anti-CCP-positive. Fifty-eight received disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (synthetic, biological or in combination), five of these in combination with prednisolone. Four patients did not receive antirheumatic treatment. An OI score of …


Examining the validity of the country brand personality construct at this juncture in the nascent field's development is critical to ensure that future research is on solid footing. This paper analyzes the extent to which human personality scales are appropriate in conceptualizing and measuring country brand personality.


Reading literacy and reading interest was examined in four primary schools in Papua New Guinea: in an international, suburban, settlement and village school. In this paper we present a summary of findings located within a local context and examine the implications as viewed through two lenses. From an 'educational for equality' perspective, the findings suggest a critical need to re‐evaluate the use of national testing to select children for further education and address the serious shortage of reading books in school libraries. From an 'education for life' perspective, the findings indicate a continuing need for community‐based actions together with innovative teacher education programs aimed at developing ways of strengthening the connections between home and school.


A frequency detector at X-band based on MEMS technology is presented, which is based on detecting the phase shift between the two different CPW transmission lines. The phase shift, which is proportional to the frequency of the signal, results in the variation of the output power. The variation is detected with two kinds of the microwave power sensors, one is the capacitive power sensor and the other is the thermopile one. Therefore, the detector can offer a wide detectable frequency range. This frequency detector is designed and fabricated using GaAs MMIC technology. It is measured at X-band with 10 dBm and 17 dBm. The sensitivity is 0.56 GHz/pF under 17dBm by the capacitive power sensor, and 6.67 GHz/mV under 10dBm by the thermopile, respectively.


When type systems detect legitimate program errors,they help to reduce the time spent debugging.Type systems carth errors in code that is not executed by the programmer.Proof generation capabilities of proof construction systems are based on type theory.The base of the theory is the typed λ-calculus.Higher-order type system of higher- order subtyping,known as F_~ω,has been used as a core calculus for typed languages.The Curry-Howard isomorphism is a correspondence between type systems and intuitionistic logic.Proof generation capabilities of proof construction systems are based on type theory.Type systems allow us to express program properties that are automatically verified.


This article uses a retrospective approach to looking at participatory visual work with girls, in relation to addressing gender violence in and around schools in sub-Saharan Africa. Drawing on a variety of work focusing on the visual, including Jo Spence's innovative work from the 1990s ('What can a woman do with a camera?'), this article seeks to extend and elaborate the idea of feminist visual methodologies in order to uncover the critical issue of girls' safety and security. Participatory work with girls, the article argues, as part of what is referred to here as 'girl-method', can be an effective way to reveal the perspectives of girls. At the same time, the use of the visual (and in particular, visual artefacts such as photos, videos, drawings, and digital archiving) invites researchers and communities (including the girls themselves) to re-visit the data and in so doing to explore it further. The article concludes with a call for new and longer-term increased levels of participation when it comes to working with girls, by highlighting the use of the participatory digital archive as a feminist visual tool.


Framatome ANP develops a new boiling water reactor called SWR 1000. For the case of a hypothetical core melt accident it is designed in such a way that the core melt is retained in the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) at low pressure owing to cooling of the RPV exterior and high reliable depressurization devices. Framatome ANP performs - in co-operation with VTT - tests to quantify the safety margins of the exterior cooling concept for the SWR 1000, for determining the limits to avoid the critical heat fluxes (CHFs). The three step procedure has been set up to investigate the phenomenon: 1. Water-air study for a 1:10 scaled global model, with the aim to investigate the global flow conditions 2. Water-air study for a 1:10 scaled, 10 % sector model, with the aim to find a flow sector with almost similar flow conditions as in the global model. 3. Final CHF experiments for a 1:1-scaled, 10 % sector., the boarders of this model have been selected based on the first two steps. The instrumentation for the water/air experiments included velocity profiles, the vertically averaged average void fraction and void fraction profiles in selected positions. The experimental results from the air-watermore » experiments have been analyzed at VTT using the Fluent-4.5.2 code with its Eulerian multiphase flow modeling capability. The aim of the calculations was to learn how to model complex two-phase flow conditions. The structural mesh required by Fluent-4 is a strong limitation in the complex geometry, but modeling of the 1/4 sector from the facility was possible, when the GAMBIT pre-processor was used for the mesh generation. The experiments were analyzed with the 150 x 150 x 18 grid for the geometry. In the analysis the fluid viscosity was the main dials for adjusting the vertical liquid velocity profiles and the bubble diameter for adjusting the phase separation. The viscosity ranged between 1 to 10000 times the molecular viscosity, and bubble diameter between 3 to 100 mm, when the calculation results were adjusted for a good agreement with the experimental data. The analysis results were very valuable for designing the final water/steam facility for final CHF tests. The validation against data from the air-water experiments proved that the present CFD codes approach to the state where they can be used for simulating such two-phase experiments, where the fraction of both phases is essential and the flow is strongly affected by the density differences. It is still too early to predict, if the CFD calculation of the 1:1 scale critical heat flux experiments is successful, could the result be used for formulating a new type of a critical heat flux correlation, where the effects of CRD's on the flow patterns and gap dimensions are model parameters. (authors)« less


The invention relates to aldehyde-free odorless environment-friendly and transparent polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) glue and a preparation method thereof, and can effectively solve the problem of complex technology or containing of harmful substances such as aldehydes in the prior art. The technical scheme includes that the glue is produced by the PVA, water, a modifier and a preservative, wherein, by weight, the PVA accounts for 1-15% of the glue, the modifier accounts for 0.5-10% of the PVA, the preservative accounts for 0.01-0.05% of the PVA and the balance water. The method includes mixing the PVA with the water at a room temperature of 18-25 DEG C, heating up to 85-100 DEG C after evenly stirring, cooling to 45-80 DEG C after completely dissolving, adding in the modifier and modifying for 0.5-2 hours at a temperature of 45-85 DEG C, cooling to the room temperature of 18-25 DEG C, adding in the preservative, and obtaining the glue. According to the PVA glue and the preparation method thereof, the reaction condition is relatively mild, the operation is simple, the glue is aldehyde-free, odorless, transparent, innovative, high in viscosity, low in production cost and prone to industrial production.


The described work analyses the issue related to the application of a nodal pricing methodology to the Italian power system. If on one side the nodal pricing methodology has proven to be the best possible solution for electric energy, on the other side the application to the Italian power system introduces some problems. This paper presents the peculiarity of application to the Italian real time balancing market with a scenario developed on a case study in order to show up the possible system distortions.


There is an emergent concern in green wireless communication, to decrease the energy consumption in cellular uplink networks. In this paper, network cooperation (NC) is investigated as a method of energy saving. Now-a-days, user terminals, i.e., smart phones are usually furnished with various network access interfaces like cellular networks (CN), Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. This paper examines the cooperative inter-network transmission scheme for selective decode and forward (SDF) and incremental decode and forward (IDF), where one smart phone user cooperates with other smart phone user with the help of multiple network access interfaces to send its signal to the base station (BS). For comparison, we also analyze energy efficiency (EE) of non-cooperative single hop (SH) scheme and conventional cooperative intra-network transmission technique for the cooperative SDF and IDF in terms of given target data rate and outage probability demands. Numerical results show that IDF technique using cooperative inter-network transmission is more energy efficient than the other techniques.


Bromocriptine inhibits PRL secretion and causes a size reduction of PRL-producing adenomas. To clarify its antitumor effect, PRL cell adenomas were studied by histology, immunocytochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and light and electron microscopic morphometry. All patients had macroadenomas (diameter, >10 mm) and serum PRL levels from 420–9800 ng/ml. Patients 1 and 2 received no medication. Four patients were treated with bromocriptine (7.5 mg/day for 4–weeks); patients 3 and 4 continued therapy up until the operation, whereas patients 5 and 6 discontinued bromocriptine 7 and 14 days, respectively, before tumor removal. All four bromocriptine- treated patients demonstrated a reduction in serum PRL levels and tumor size on computed tomography. Patients 5 and 6 showed reexpansion of their tumors after drug withdrawal. By light microscopy, all six tumors represented chromophobe adenomas and were positive for PRL by the immunoperoxidase technique. The intensity of immunostaining and the number of ...


A web-based tire management system tracks both tire-related and vehicle-related information for multiple fleets and for multiple models and brands of tires to enable sophisticated analysis of tire-related issues to be performed on behalf of individual fleets, as well as for tire dealers and manufacturers.


Abstract The electrical behavior of thunderstorms triggered by local heating and sea-breeze convergence, a low pressure disturbance, and a weak frontal passage has been studied at the NASA Kennedy Space Center, Florida. A nonlinear least-squares minimization procedure has been developed to describe changes in the total electrostatic field produced by lightning in terms of point charge models for the cloud charge distributions. The results of this analysis indicate that discharges to ground usually neutralize cloud charges in the range from −10 to −40 C. The computed charge altitudes for Florida are somewhat higher than for other geographical locations, 6 to 9.5 km, but the corresponding ambient air temperatures, −10 to −34°C, are similar. A large fraction of the discharges to ground show total field changes which are small or even reversed in polarity within 3 km of the discharges. An analysis of these cases suggests that ground discharges often neutralize a small positive charge, 0.5 to 4 C at altitudes ...


The remarkable ability of echolocating bats to use echoes of emitted sounds as a substitute for vision is one of the most fascinating stories in neuroethology. Based in part on personal experience, the author discusses key discoveries in the early decades after the discovery of the phenomenon by Griffin and Galambos in 1941. Advances in our understanding of this remarkable phenomenon illustrate well the importance of comparative approaches, technological advances, and the synergistic interaction between behavior and electrophysiology.


Ice wedges, with tops located 27 to 55 cm below the ground surface, were studied over several summers between 1998 and 2006 at three sites with differing elevations in northern Victoria Land, East Antarctica. The thermal regime, based on data‐logger measurements over five years, exhibits very low temperatures, an inferred absence of snow, and high temperature gradients between the ground surface and the top of the ice wedge that may trigger cracking. A co‐isotopic study of the wedge‐ice oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δD) isotopic values shows extremely negative deuterium excess values and a strong divergence from the expected precipitation. These values and observations of hoarfrost crystals in ice‐wedge cracks during summer field surveys indicate that sublimation processes control the formation of ice in wedges, especially at high elevations within this region. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


NASA has awarded a contract to TechTrans International, Inc., of Houston for logistics operations services at its Johnson Space Center, also in Houston.


This paper investigates the question if productivity effects of vocational and especially firm-specific training can be raised by exploiting complementary relationships between training and Human Resource Management practices. For this purpose an econometrical model (cross-section and panel) is conducted on the basis IAB Establishment Panel using the waves between 2002 and 2005. Although there is an extensive literature on the effects of training on an enterprise's productivity as well as some literature on complementarities between HRM Practices (including training) the effect of a coherent system of HRM practices on different training forms (general/specific) is under-researched, especially in Germany. The initial points of this paper are the theory-contradicting empirical findings that firm-specific training has a lower (partly insignificant) effect on firm's productivity than general training. The theoretical basis which would suggest contrary empirical outcomes is the knowledge-based view (and its roots: resource- and capability-based view). Within this paper possible knowledge barriers of an individual knowledge keeper are presented as the latter one plays a decisive role within rather informal training forms in whose context predominantly firm-specific knowledge is transferred. Based on these barriers several Human Resource Management measures can be identified as a remedy. Within this paper bundles of them are tested regarding their complementary relationship to (firm-specific) training and their possibility to improve (firm-specific) training's contribution to productivity. The econometrical analysis cannot corroborate this paper's hypothesis that the individual-based barriers of knowledge transfer can be reduced by a combination of a coherent system of Human Resource Management Practices and thus (firm-specific) training's productivity effect can be raised. However, it can be stated that HRM measures have a positive and significant complementary effect on general as well as on general and specific training.


We report blue- and red-shifting amplified spontaneous emission of CdSe/CdS quantum dots, controlled by varying core/shell dimensions and modifying exciton-exciton interactions, with low optical gain threshold of two-photon absorption pumping.


A review is made of the current status of the nonaxisymmetric nozzle from a technology standpoint. Some of the potential payoffs attributed to this class of nozzles installed on twin-engine high performance fighter aircraft are addressed. These payoffs include a reduction in cruise drag through improved integration and an increase in aircraft maneuverability and agility through the application of thrust vectoring and reversing. Improved takeoff and landing characteristics also are expected through the use of thrust vectoring and reversing. Stealth and survivability aspects of the aircraft can be increased through a reduction of nozzle infrared signature and radar cross section.


The Internet of things (IoT) has to be considered as a global infrastructure helping to connect different types of objects by benefiting from the captured data and their communication capabilities, if any. All existing and new networks are included to be part of this IoT infrastructure. IoT provides unique identification of the connected objects and their virtual representation to be the basis for independent development of services and applications. These objects will be characterized by self-governing data capture, event transfer, network connectivity and interoperability. Today, there are a huge number of applications in different fields for the internet of things. The Internet of Things applications make people life more easy, and they can be useful in a lot of fields, such as, in smart home, smart logistics, smart transportation, smart health care, smart agriculture, etc.. In this paper, a software model for fire-alarming application is proposed. The fire-alarming application is based on the improved seven-layer architecture. This fire-alarming application is explained in details in this paper, where the developed model is applied to different case studies and the results are presented and discussed.


Francois Moureau : Royal entries or the prince's pleasure. This article considers royal entries as exceptional shows with a single performance. In the 18th Century, the ' Entree ', in which the deified Prince showed himself to the people, became a ritual ceremony directed by Parisian civil servants or local authorities, who stuck to rigid, stereotyped patterns. There was no local colour or enthusiastic crowds ; everything was French, monarchical and unified. Rare popular exuberance or aberrations such as the royal illness at Metz were integrated to emphasize the permanence and inevitability of royal power. All this can be seen in the accounts of ' Entrees ' which were splendid works intended to immortalise the King's memory and actions. The decline of this dramatic genre after 1750 proves that here, as elsewhere, the time was ripe for reform.


On Saturday 16th September Film at the Frazer returns with two fantastic films, both shown on our brand new stage-filling screen and at special value ...


Salt accumulation has a negative effect on microorganisms, but plant residues may enhance the microbial activity and biomass. An experiment was conducted over 50 days to evaluate the effect of wheat and alfalfa residues on microbial activity and biomass and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability in sandy and clayey soils at different salinity levels. Equivalent amounts of calcium (Ca+2) and sodium (Na+) salts were added to both soils. Values of electrical conductivity (EC1:5), denoted S1, S2, and S3 in each soil, were 0.16, 1.10 and 1.98 dS m−1 in the sand and 0.19, 0.82 and 1.75 dS m−1 in the clay. Residues of wheat and alfalfa were added at 2% (w/w). Cumulative respiration and microbial biomass decreased with increasing salinity, but with residue addition they increased with a greater rate in amended sandy soil than in clay soil, with a more pronounced effect for alfalfa than for wheat residue. After 10 days, with wheat residue available N values were 113, 86, and 71 μg in the clay and 144, 114, and 94 μg g−1 soil in the sand in S1, S2, and S3, respectively. Relative to wheat residue, alfalfa residue increased N availability by 9, 13, and 19% and 22, 24, and 24% in the clay and in the sand in S1, S2, and S3, respectively. Compared to the control, in the clay P availability increased by 33, 57, and 100% with wheat residue and by 58, 128, and 175% with alfalfa residue, whereas in the sand it increased by 92, 45, and 40% with wheat residue and by 130, 145, and 280% with alfalfa residue in S1, S2, and S3, respectively. Availability of N and P increased from day 10 to day 50 in both soils, but with different magnitudes. Residue addition can increase microbial activity and nutrient availability in saline soils, particularly in coarser textured soils.


Steel Corrugated Construction is a perspective type of constructions, which is exhibiting numerous advantages in comparison with one that currently applied in automobile and railroad networks (reinforced concrete water-throughput pipes, reinforced concrete frame bridges). Modern development of the industry capable to make corrugated sheets with various geometrical characteristics and desing, for underground constructions.


The background of ultrasonic motor(USM)and its application in space detection was briefly introduced,then the advantage of the USM was analyzed than the electronagnetic motor.And the application present of the USM in space detection were put emphasis on the introduction.Finally the question in application of the space detection were explained in details.


In the spring of 1964, the Ad Hoc Committee of the Triple Revolution submitted a report to President Johnson. The conclusions reached in this report can be summed up as follows: the technical ability of our society to produce goods and services has progressed to such an extent that increasing numbers of its members will find it impossible to obtain employment in economic production, and those who do obtain such employment will find their hours of labor considerably shortened. This hypothesis led the committee to include in its report the following statement. "Gaining control of our future requires the conscious formation of the society we wish to have. Cybernation at last forces us to ask the historic question(s). What is man's role when he is not dependent upon his own activities for the material basis of his life?"1 According to at least two members of the committee, our society is on the verge of solving the economic problem of scarcity. ^ Put in a different way, we have developed tremendous capacity for production of leisure time.


Summative electronic assessments embodies enormous advantages such as automated marking, immediate feedback and on-demand tests. User security plays a vital role in summative eassessments, as it ensures that online tests are delivered to the correct students only. Thus, the existing user security model presents a two-layered challenge to the student; whereby responses to "who are you?" and "is it really you?" questions are solicited. Amidst the usefulness of the existing model, summative e-assessments are susceptible to impersonation challenges. In this paper, we classify the user security concerns into Type A, Type B and Type C impersonation types. We suggest that these vulnerabilities can be linked to a weakness in the user security model. Hence, without discarding the existing model we propose a goal-oriented approach to address the user security needs of the eassessment system. Furthermore, a review of the existing solutions depicts insufficient capabilities to minimise all the three types of impersonation challenges. Hence, we propose that an appropriate blend of existing methods will minimise the types of impersonation threats and improve user security in summative e-assessments


Erik de Corte - Professor Emeritus, Center for Instructional Psychology and Technology (CIPT), University of Leuven, Belgium. Address: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Oude Markt, 13, Bus 5005 3000 Leuven, Belgium. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com emergence of national evaluation schemes in higher education in Western Europe occurred in the mid-1980s, and originated in The Netherlands, Flanders, France and the United Kingdom. In the years thereafter many other Western European countries established similar evaluation systems. Over the past thirty years these systems have undergone important changes. This article discuss the following topics relating to evaluation in Western European higher education. What were the causes for the establishment of schemes for the evaluation of higher education institutions in Western Europe in the mid-1980s? Defining main concepts relating to the evaluation of higher education programs: quality assurance, quality, quality control, quality management, quality audit, quality assessment, evaluation, and accreditation. Quality assessment introduced in the mid-1980s lasted till the start of the 21th century, and focused on contributing to the improvement of higher education. The Dutch system of quality assessment that was representative for Western Europe will be presented. Notwithstanding the largely positive influence of the quality assessment system, in the early years of the 21st century a shift occurred in Western Europe from quality assessment to accreditation defined as a formal judgment that the quality of a degree course or an institution meets certain standards. Although based on quality assessment this approach shifted the focus from improvement to accountability. As an example the Dutch accreditation scheme will be discussed. Because of the shift from improvement to accountability, but also because of the bureaucratic burden and the expensiveness, the accreditation scheme was more and more heavily criticized. This led to very intensive discussions and consultations that resulted in a revised accreditation system that is operational in The Netherlands since 2012. The major changes in the accreditation approach will be reviewed. The article concludes with some final comments and a future perspective.DOI: 10.17323/1814-9545-2014-4-36-57


Assertive community treatment (ACT) is widely regarded as an evidence-based practice (Bond, Drake, Mueser, & Latimer, 2001); however, observers have questioned the recovery orientation of the model. As an organizational model of service delivery, the recovery orientation of ACT can be improved through the integration of other, more clinically defined evidence-based practices. We present findings from an uncontrolled, 9-month pilot study in which a peer specialist was trained to provide illness management and recovery (IMR) on a well-established ACT team. This pilot included both quantitative measures of knowledge and recovery beliefs, and a qualitative interview with consumers (N = 14) and providers (N = 16). Consumer perceptions of recovery significantly improved, and there was a trend toward increased knowledge. In interviews, consumers and staff reported many benefits of IMR, including an increase in consumers' trying new things, being involved in more meaningful activities, and greater hope (for consumers and staff). The integration of IMR onto ACT with a peer specialist shows promise as a useful way to improve consumer recovery outcomes and increase the recovery orientation of ACT.


An experiment was conducted during 1988 and 1989 to identify thermo-insensitive and stable clones of guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). Early-flowering clones were found more thermo-sensitive, showing a sharper decline with the onset of short days and fall in temperature in October. Mean squares due to genotypes and environments were Significant ( P =0.01) for all the 3 characters, green-forage yield, tiller number and plant height, However, mean squares due to genotypes X environment (linear) interactions were significant ( P = 0.01) only for green-forage yield and tiller number. Pooled deviations were non-significant for all these characters. Based on regression analysis and decline (%) in October, only 1 clone, P 5 X P 9 , out of 3 high-yielding clones (P 5 X P 39 , P 5 X P 9 and P 1 X P 6 ), was found stable. All the 4 clones (P 20 X P 39 , P 20 , P 20 X P 9 and P 6 x P 20 ) showing high mean performance for tiller number were specifically adapted to favourahle growth conditions. Out of all potent clones showing high mean performance for plant height, 2 clones (P 1 x P 6 and P 5 x P 31 ) were found stable.


Our purpose of the study is based on the application of rapid cooling method with extracorporeal circulation, either for severe brain injury or any poor surgical case which might decrease basal metabolic rate, so the vital condition could be minimized. Rosomoff's method is utilized to decide to equalize the experimental injury to the brain. Pathologically, subdural and cortical necrosis and haemorrhage are observed in a constant area, and necrosis, infiltration of leucocytes, edema and haemorrhage are seen histologically in acute posttraumatic stage. Two cannulae were inserted through femoral and jugular veins to the right atrium for the outflow which are connected with a heat exchanger. The blood is then pumped into the femoral artery as described as V-A method. The temperature gradient was less in the esophagus than in the rectum, and cardiac exercise results less since pulmonary circulation is decreased. On the contrary, V-V method described by Foltz often encounters ventricular fibrillation because of rapid decrease of heart temperature. This perfusion did not give any change of oxygen content in the carotid artery. 20°C of rectal and 25°C of carotid temperature were obtained within 10 to 3,0 minutes. No particular change was seen in blood contents because of short duration of cooling excepting for an increase of lactic acid. Perfusion with heparinized blood caused rather untoward haemorrhage from traumatized area, therefore, A.C.D. solution with isotonic dextrose was applied with a good result, and finally siliconized vinyl tube was utilized for the circuit without any coagulation even after over 1 hour's perfusion. The capacity of circuit is only 150 cc. which was primarily 800 cc. Heat exchanger is made of stainless, has a small capacity and gives a sufficient exchange rate. Low amplitude E.E.G. was seen at 6 hours after the injury, but the control group shown slow waves. Less brain edema was observed in our series with a little mortality rate. The basic experiment and the result are discussed, this preliminary report will be followed by clinical application of this method soon.


An experimental investigation is carried out to Study the cavitation in a journal bearing with pressurized lubricant supply. Visual observations are performed at various shaft speeds and supply pressure levels. Oil film pressure is measured at various shaft speeds under the submerged condition. Results from visual observations show that the extent of cavitation is reduced as supply pressure increases. The film pressure measurements indicate the occurrence of a negative pressure loop upstream of the cavitation region and a constant cavitation Pressure through the cavitation region.


Abstract In this work, the effects of the morphological variation and the polymer/polymer interface on the tensile modulus of binary polymer blends were evaluated using a combined modeling method. The characteristics of the polymer/polymer interface region were evaluated using a neural network system and the results were used to improve the analytical model. The model accuracy was investigated by comparing its predictions with the tensile test results of some prepared iPP/PA blend samples and also some other data from literature which revealed an acceptable accuracy (error < 5%).


The mechanism and characteristic of several two-sludge systems are introduced in this paper.Moreover,the operational parameters affecting denitrifying phosphorus removal and the efficiency are analyzed.Finally,the optimal operational parameter for every phase is given out,in order to promote the study of several two-sludge systems in condition of low C/N.


In academic research, recommender systems are often evaluated on benchmark datasets, without much consideration about the global timeline. Hence, we are unable to answer questions like: Do loyal users enjoy better recommendations than non-loyal users? Loyalty can be defined by the time period a user has been active in a recommender system, or by the number of historical interactions a user has. In this paper, we offer a comprehensive analysis of recommendation results along global timeline. We conduct experiments with five widely used models, i.e., BPR, NeuMF, LightGCN, SASRec and TiSASRec, on four benchmark datasets, i.e., MovieLens-25M, Yelp, Amazon-music, and Amazon-electronic. Our experiment results give an answer "No" to the above question. Users with many historical interactions suffer from relatively poorer recommendations. Users who stay with the system for a shorter time period enjoy better recommendations. Both findings are counter-intuitive. Interestingly, users who have recently interacted with the system, with respect to the time point of the test instance, enjoy better recommendations. The finding on recency applies to all users, regardless of users' loyalty. Our study offers a different perspective to understand recommender accuracy, and our findings could trigger a revisit of recommender model design. The code is available in https://github.com/putatu/recommenderLoyalty.


We have tested the hypolipaemic activity of some drugs (Chlofibrate, Procetofene, Niadenate. Phenofibrate and Piridinol Carbamate), in rats with Triton-induced hyperlipaemia. At two dose levels (200 mg/kg b. wt and 400 mg/kg b. wt). Niadenate is the most active in both cases. Piridinol carbamate and phenofibrate show a similar activity, being able to decrease lipid levels nearly half as much as Niadenate in equal concentration of Triton 400 mg/kg b. wt. Procetofene is less active than Chlofibrate and Niadenate when Triton is used at 200 mg/kg b. wt.


of the experiments by providing guidelines, a direction and criteria for the investigation. Fair enough! There are other problems that are pointed out in the course of the discussion. Most of the courses described are ad hoc, directed towards personal development and outside of the regular curriculum of the college. The penetration into the general instructional program of the college by the innovators is minimal and the conception of student development in interaction with the college community is still largely a fantasy. The limitations of the coverage also apply to the students involved as consumers of the scheme. As Del worth and Piel remind the participants, they are the "traditional": eighteen to twenty-two year old, Anglo (?), middle class, academically able. None of the other contributors revealed any awareness that, in this sense, they were catering to a segment of the college and university population of the U.S. whose relative proportion has considerably decreased during the period that the developmental orientation has been taking hold in student personnel work. To sum up, Encouraging Development in College Students is a valuable book. For those in the field it brings together material that will partly be well known to them and partly new, and for the general reader it provides a useful compendium of contribution and critique. The book will have its place as a text book in introductory courses in Student Counseling or related courses.


The wearARM computing core for wearable applications uses highly miniaturized, mechanically flexible electronic packaging technology. Used with the MIThril platform, the system supports high-performance, low-power, user configurable wearable computing with wireless connectivity and local mass storage.


In the context of rural revitalization, it is important to promote the establishment of lasting cooperation between small farmers and new farmers to drive farmers to increase their income and achieve common prosperity. Based on the research data of 342 small farmers in six provinces, the article empirically analyzes the willingness of small farmers to continue cooperation with new farmers in the future from the perspective of satisfaction using an ordered logistic model. The research results show that small farmers' satisfaction with the benefit linkage model, with the benefit distribution, and with benefit dispute handling positively and significantly influence small farmers' willingness to continue cooperation with new farmers in the future. For every 1% increase in satisfaction with the benefit linkage model, the probability of continuing to cooperate with new farmers in the future increases by 9.40%, and for every 1% increase in satisfaction with the benefit distribution and satisfaction with benefit dispute handling, the probability of continuing to cooperate with new farmers increases by 7.30% and 9.40%, respectively. Accordingly, this paper puts forward policy suggestions such as respecting the choice of interest linkage model of small farmers, improving the benefit distribution mechanism, and handling cooperation disputes reasonably, in order to improve the satisfaction of small farmers' cooperation, promote the construction of lasting cooperation between small farmers and new farmers, and build a rural community of interest.


This paper describes the features and design details for a video thermometer and humidity indicator (VTHI) The VTHI displays the ambient temperature and relative humidity on a NTSC standard television screen. The goal is to overlay the character information on top of a background video display. This will allow the user to get the desired information without interrupting the program. The temperature and humidity data will remain on the screen for five seconds. The displayed characters will be white with a black background. The circuitry required for this design includes temperature and humidity transducer interfaces, sync separation circuitry, digital timing and character generation circuitry, and video switching and amplification circuitry.


Lunar observation from phase angles of minus 25 deg. to plus 25 deg. with mount wilson 60-inch telescope - lunar topography


This article presents the design of a novel and compact ultra‐wideband fractal‐based monopole antenna. Enhancement of the antenna's bandwidth is achieved by increasing the unit‐cells of the fractal tree without significantly impacting on the antenna's physical size. The actual size of the miniature antenna is limited to 24 × 24 × 1 mm3 and it operates across 2.1–11.52 GHz for VSWR ≤ 2. The proposed fractal structure makes the antenna flexible in terms of resonance and bandwidth control, which is a function of iteration order of the fractal used. The efficiency of the prototype antennas fabricated was evaluated through simulations and measurements. The measured results confirm the antenna radiates omnidirectionally and has a large impedance bandwidth. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2366–2370, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27081


Information on the country's self-sufficiency in fruits and berries is given taking into account the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation. The issues of increasing the production of fruit and berry products by expanding the areas occupied for the cultivation of intensive gardens are discussed. A number of technologies have been identified to accelerate the increase in the gross harvest of horticultural products. Indicators of efficiency of intensive-type orchards on low-growing rootstocks are provided.


We report on effective x-ray generation under excitation of clusters of polyatomic CF2Cl2 molecules by femtosecond laser radiation of moderate intensity I ≈ 5 × 1015 W cm−2 (E ≈ 5 mJ). The maximal laser energy conversion efficiency to chlorine x-ray lines (E = 2.6–2.8 keV) reached 2 × 10−5 when the CF2Cl2 clusters were formed in the presence of the carrier gas helium. It was demonstrated that the spectrum of laser-induced x-rays can be used to detect mixed clusters, appearing in a 3% mixture of CF2Cl2 with Ar. We proposed adding a light thermalizing gas to the mixture, i.e., using a ternary mixture CF2Cl2–Ar–He, to control the fraction of components that the mixed clusters are composed of. We have given the first demonstration of a dual-energy x-ray source with a tunable line amplitude that is controlled by the helium fraction in the mixture.


The present invention provides an electronic device and a communication method. The communication method of an application processor includes the following steps: generating a plurality of files; generating a file set channel by transmitting a first pattern of input/output (I/O) requests to a storage device, the I/O requests being I/O requests corresponding to files from among the plurality of files; and transmitting first bit data to the storage device via the file set channel, the first bit data being transmitted using file set signaling, the file set signaling including a second pattern of I/O requests corresponding to first files from among the plurality of files such that each file in the plurality of files represents a bit of the first bit data.


Prevalence of worming on elementary student in Indonesia is still high enough such as about 60-80%. One of the causing factors of the higher worming prevalensi is the condition of environmental sanitation is not feasible. This research intended to know how far the relation between environmental sanitation (condition of restroom, type of house floor, the availibility of clean water, and the facility of garbage exile) and worm infestation on elementary student in Kalilangkap village, Bumiayu district, Brebes Regency. This research was as analytical obseration with the design of sectional crosss and it conducted on August-September 2013. Population in this research consisted of the whole students in State-02 Elementary School in Kalilangkap village and all of them were as the samples. Number of them were 100 students and they were determined based on the criteria of inclution and exclution. The data were obtained from the laboratorium test, interview, and observation by using questionaire. Analysis of relation used statistical test of chi square with the significant level (α) of 0.05. Result showed that the proportion of worm infestation on elementary student in Kalilangkap village was 14% which included 35.71% of Ascaris lumbricoides and Ancylostoma duodenale with the same amount, 21.43% of Trichuris trichura, and 7.14% of Oxyuris vermicularis. There was no significant relation between the condition of restroom (p-value of 0.869), type of house floor (p-value of 0.077), the availibility of clean water (p-value of 0.618), and the facility of garbage exile (p-value of 0.612) with worm infestation on elementary student in Kalilangkap village. Based on the result, it could be concluded that there was no significant relation between environmental sanitation and worm infestation on elementary student in Kalilangkap village. However, it was suggested that the clean and health life style had to be continously increased for preventing and controlling the worm distribution on the elementary school.


For establishment of plaque assay on BHK-21(Cl-13) cell line, different parameters were standardized. A cell count of 3-4 X 10 5 /ml was found suitable when grown in Eagle's minimum essential medium (EMEM) containing 5% foetal bovine serum (FBS) whereas a concentration of 2% FBS was optimum for the overlay media containing 0.2% final conc. of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); a pH value of 7. 8 was suitable for normal growth of BHK-21 cells as well as for the development of plaques; an inoculum size of 0.2ml per well of a 6-well TC plate at 10 -8 dilution of the Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus was found to be sufficient to give the optimum plaque count. A 90 minutes adsorption time was adequate for the virus to adsorb onto the BHK-21 cells. Under these conditions the development of plaques occurred in five days at 36 + 1 0 C, 5% CO2 and >90% Relative Humidity (RH). Repeatability of the assay was tested and found to be good (Mean + SD= 90 + 6.6; CV=7.2%). A comparison between the JE virus plaques on BHK-21 cells and Chick Embryo Fibroblast (CEFB) cells showed comparable results. Thus, it was concluded that the continuous cell line such as BHK-21 can be used in place of CEFB cells for plaque assay of JE virus and this system can be used as an alternative approach for the potency assay of JE vaccine.


We present the results of a follow-up ASCA observation and multicolour optical and near-infrared photometry carried out at the 3.5-m Italian National Telescope Galileo of SAXJ1353.9+1820. This object, serendipitously discovered by BeppoSAX in the 5-10 keV band, has been spectroscopically identified as a red quasar at z=0.217. The combined X-ray and optical-infrared data reveal the presence of a moderately luminous X-ray source (~ 10^{44} erg s^{-1}) obscured by a column density of the order of 10^{22} cm^{-2} in a otherwise optically passive early-type galaxy. The implications for the nature of red quasars and their possible contribution to the hard X-ray background are briefly outlined.


During the whole history of the existence of mankind different peoples at different times created myths, legends, tales and epic works. The main pecularity of this process was the fact that, in spite of belonging to different cultures and epoches, differences in the plots, subject-matters of the works were the same, universal. Creation of the world, fought between good and evil, relationship between man and woman principles are the problems, exciting the mankind of the past, present and purhaps they will be actual problems in future. Certainly, it does not mean that in the ancient times all the peoples of the world thought just in the same way, and that they had possibilities to share their opinions, but it shows that the same principles exist in the world-principles of commonness, influencing on the mind of the mankind in the same way as to the time and space. Despite the common features and the same subject-matter, culture of each people is original, unrepeated, because the surrounding realities creating culturological ground is original as well: nature, landscape, animal world which establish national being, national kitchen and traditions. In the article universal concepts called "structure forming forces" composing the skeleton of myths of many peoples of the world by Edvin K.Krapp were considered.


Chang'E-2 was launched on October 1st 2010,inaugurating the second phase of a three-step moon mission which will culminate in a soft-landing on the moon.After half a year's exploring,the globe image data of 7 m resolution had been acquired by CCD stereo camera on Chang'E-2.The image data acquiring and preprocessing,data format and quality are recommended,which are helpful for lunar scientists to understand and make use of these image data products,and to extract information for studying lunar science.


The Problem Managers and other individuals in the workplace may have a bias, either conscious or unconscious, against Black women based on their appearance. Since slavery, Black people with lighter skin complexion and straighter hair have been given preferences and privileges not afforded Black people with darker skin or those with naturally kinky hair. This study brings this subtle form of discrimination to the attention of Human Resource Development professionals and sheds light on how such interactions may affect their learning, development, and performance. The Solution Using a critical Human Resource Development lens, we suggest that managers, organizational leaders, and decision-makers are educated to recognize and address hair bias. Leaders must ensure compliance with the CROWN Act and legislation that prohibits discrimination against natural and protective hairstyles. The Stakeholders Stakeholders include U. S. Human Resource Development professionals, hiring managers, recruiters, and leaders who are concerned with hiring and promoting diverse talent.


The synthesis of piperazine(PIP) and triethylene diamine(TEDA)from ethanolamine(MEA) with ammonia over Fe-Cu/ZSM-5 catalyst was investigated.The results showed that when Fe,Cu contents increased,the acid properties were raised,the acid amount and the conversion of MEA increased.The effective in conversion of MEA by Cu content was weaker,but evident to promte synthesis of piperazine.The reaction properties were not only influenced by the surface acid but also influenced by the properties of Fe,Cu.


Technology's role and use as a tool for teaching the English language is growing as educators recognize its ability to create both independent and collaborative learning environments in which students can learn English with ease. In our country, various approaches and methods are used to teach English and develop English language skills. However, the majority of them are traditional, less interesting, ineffective, and less motivating. As a result, it is necessary to employ modern approaches and ICT (Information and Communication Technology) tools to improve understanding and acquisition of fundamental skills, i.e. Students' LSRW (Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing) of the English language at the school level. ICT has a lot to offer both teachers and students in terms of expanding their vocabulary and improving their English language skills. Nowadays, ICT tools and approaches are widely used due to their convenience, omnipresence, effectiveness, and low cost. CAL (Computer Assisted Learning), CALA (Computer Assisted Language Assessment), CALI (Computer Assisted Language Instruction), CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning), Blogs, Wiki, e-mail facility, Digital libraries, multimedia, mobile learning, MOOCs, Virtual classrooms, and so on are some of these approaches, facilities, and tools. These facilities have paved the way for individualized learning and given learners the freedom to learn whenever and wherever they want, according to their needs and convenience. Technology has become a tool for making learners innovative as well as a source of motivation for learners to learn. To compete with these native English speakers.


In this paper a possible multilayered market for unbundled electricity service provision is modelled and analyzed. This market architecture is compared to the fully coordinated security-constrained economic dispatch. This architecture is motivated by the need to enable the transmission service provider to value its delivery service in an unbundled way from the value of power supply. The paper demonstrates basic feasibility of this design and states theoretical assumptions and conditions under which the two solutions are equivalent.


The law courses are important parts of professional basic courses in the curriculum system in Police Academies. Classroom teaching evaluation is an important way to improve the quality of teaching. From analyzing the feasibility of applying CIPP evaluation model in classroom teaching and through the use of questionnaire survey and anylysis to the results, the author proposes that multiple evaluation subject groups should be set up; multi stages and evaluating contents be decided in the evaluation of the classroom teaching in law courses of the plice academies.


Ever since manitarianthe fall of the Berlin Wall and the subsequent collapse of the Soviet Union there has been an upsurge of international undertakings that have claimed humanitarian justifications for military interventions in foreign societies. A second kind of justification for such interventions all of which are launched by Western countries (especially the United States) was associated in this period with the global "war on terror" initiated during the presidency of George W. Bush in response to the 9/11 attacks of 2001 on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. In other words, this upsurge in interventions draws partly on a normative rationale drawn from religion, morality, and law and partly from a security rationale premised on stretching the law of self-defense to meet the distinctive challenge of transnational mega-terrorism. The central question raised is whether this contemporary practice of intervention has been beneficial from the perspective of either humanitarianism or security.


Aiming at the nonstationary characteristics of echo signal for a high-speed maneuvering target, a signal feature extraction method is proposed by combining the time-frequency analysis and convolution neural network, and then the automatic detection of radar moving target in a noisy environment is realized. Firstly, the echo signal is modelled as a more accurate Gaussian modulation-linear frequency modulation (GM-LFM) signal and converted into the time-frequency image by a second-order synchroextracting transform (SET2). Then, ridge extraction is applied to extract the maximum energy ridge from the time-frequency distribution, and the data set is constructed by the maximum energy ridge. Finally, the data set is input into AlexNet for training, and the deep-level features of echo signal are extracted to realize the automatic moving targets detection. Simulation results show that SET2 and RE can effectively enhance the time-frequency characteristics of echo signal under the noisy environment, and the detection accuracy and noise robustness of the proposed method are better than that of SET1 and smooth pseudo-Wigner–Ville distribution (SPWVD).


Recently, micro air vehicles (MAVs), which can be applied in both civil and military applications such as search and rescue and reconnaissance, have been intensively researched and developed by many research groups around the world. Most of the work is adopted either principle of bird flight [1-4] or insect flight [5-7], however, most successful flapping-wing MAVs adopt principle of bird flight with a control surface at tail. In contrast, flying insects without tail have many fascinating features of flight characteristics and maneuverable abilities, especially; insects successfully control their flight and attitude using only their flapping wings. Therefore, research efforts have been focusing on mimicking insect flight at desired scale as the next generation of flapping-wing MAVs [8-12]. Despite of much progress in understanding flight principles of both bird flight and insect flight, building a real flapping-wing MAV mimicking birds or flying insect without tail fins is another story and still a challenging task.


An objectives the research are 1) conducting a juridical study on the institutional arrangements of the Tirta Mandiri BUMDes, 2) understand the development of the Tirta Mandiri BUMDes business unit, 3) understand the socioeconomic- financial impacts of the existence of the Tirta Mandiri BUMDes, and 4) understand the strategy of Tirta Mandiri BUMDes in increasing the competitiveness of its business. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, with case study method. Data collection methods use interviews, observation and document study. The data analysis technique of this study uses interactive data analysis of Miles and Huberman models. The results of the study indicates the institutional structure of BUMDes Tirta Mandiri has fulfilled the prevailing laws and regulations, the development of the business unit of BUMDes Tirta Mandiri indicate the significant progress, Tirta Mandiri BUMDes has a positive socio-economic-financial impact on improving the economic life of its citizens, and Tirta Mandiri BUMDes has implemented a strategy to improve business competitiveness through technology.


This paper is based on the method of volume of fluid function (VOF) and founds numerical wave tank similar to real sea condition using business software CFD and its function of second development, proceeds numerical simulation of linear wave and second-order stokes and compares them with the theoretical value. The numerical result corresponds to the theoretical result, which lays the foundation for further research of interaction between wave and power generation device.


The karyotypes of endangered plant Orchidantha chinensis and O.chinensis var.longisepala were studied for the first time in this paper.The results indicated that metaphase chromosomes of O.chinensis were ranged in length from 5.00 to 7.78μm,while those of O.chinensis var.longisepala were ranged in length from 5.00 to 7.92μm.The karyotype of the former was formulated as 2n=6x=54=23m+3sm(1sec)+1st(sec),that of the latter was formulated as 2n =6x=54=22m+4sm(2sec) + 1st(sec).Both belong to Stebbins' 2A type.The conclusion that O.chinensis var. longisepala was considered as a variety was supported in light of the karyomorphological data in this paper.


This essay explores western theatre dance as meaningful, despite its difference from language or discourse. I contend that although like language dance communicates through cultural codes, it does not convey literal messages but then neither is dance dominated by a requirement for factual specificity. I argue, however, that dance is structured like a language and I provide an analysis of the methods according to which language functions on an everyday basis. I review linguistic categories and argue for their counterparts in dance including vocabulary and syntax, the utterance and the speech act. The speech act is an important instance of language use which I hold is represented in dance; and in addressing this topic I shed new light on the performative quality of dance. The various theoretical issues discussed in the essay are illustrated by examples taken from modern and postmodern dance as well as from classical ballet.


The philosophy of the early Stoics is all too often interpreted in modern terms: their determinism has been compared to Laplace's,' their views on causality represented as Humean2 and their account of freedom and responsibility characterized as soft determinist.3 This tendency may seem innocuous enough, even if one judges as misguided attempts at giving ancient thinkers a coat of modern analytic varnish. But, as we shall see, analytic respectability is only purchased at a price and much that is bizarrely original in the Stoic theories is lost as a consequence. I am not however suggesting any radical revision of recent interpretations of the Stoic account of causality, in discussing which I merely aim to provide the necessary background for the subsequent discussion of Stoic freedom which is my main concern. On the latter issue, misunderstanding of the Stoic texts is acute and extensive. Remarkably, there is an almost total failure (apparently stretching back to the ancient commentators) to recognize that philosophers who were concerned with both determinism and freedom could treat these topics in virtual isolation from each other. Consequently, interpretations almost invariably reflect some kind of sensed conflict between the two ideas. Some commentators (amongst


Much attention has been focused on the risks of inoculation with the human immune deficiency virus in the operating theatre. However, less emphasis has been placed on infection resulting from outpatient exposure to this pathogen. A survey of current protective measures undertaken by ENT consultants in the outpatient clinic in the United Kingdom is presented. The precautions employed by the majority of these subjects are inadequate and non-universal. A review of the risk factors and subsequent safety recommendations is detailed.


The article examines modern approaches to solving the problem of using information technologies in the management of agricultural business, which is an urgent direction for improving the management system in the context of the implementation of national standards in the field of digitalization of the economy. The essence and content of the approaches used to collect and process information approaches are revealed, their advantages and disadvantages are noted. The direction of the use of innovative information platforms has been substantiated, contributing to the use of innovative software automated products for making managerial decisions on the provision of agricultural production with materials at different stages of reproduction, on cost optimization, rational use of financial, material and labor resources. The directions of using methods and techniques of digital information technologies in organizations of the agricultural industry in a certain future are determined, which is associated with the regulation of the expected results from agricultural production in the future.


The rising concentration of carbon-dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, due mainly to fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, is a predictable aspect of climate change and can increase the photosynthesis rate of C3 and C4 plants. However, few studies have evaluated these effects on grasses used in Brazilian pastures for livestock grazing. In this study, we evaluated forage production of Brachiaria brizantha under contrasting CO2 atmospheric conditions in a free air carbon-dioxide enrichment (FACE) facility located at the Embrapa Environment research unit, Jaguariuna, Sao Paulo state (22o43' S, 47o01' W, 570 m above sea level). The facility has twelve octagonal rings (10 m diameter) distributed in a 7 ha area in a completely randomized block design with two treatments and six repetitions. Six rings are kept in untreated conditions (≈ 390 μmol mol−1 CO2; Control) and other six with pure CO2 flux to achieve a higher target concentration (≈550 μmol mol−1 CO2; Elevated CO2) by means of an arrangement of tubes and wireless network controller based on environmental sensors. In October 2015, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu was sown in 5.8 m2 plots inside each of 12 octagonal rings combined with P and K fertilization (82 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 41 kg ha-1 K2O), followed by N fertilization (40 kg ha-1 N) 30 days later. Seventy days after sowing, the aboveground biomass was cut, leaving 20 cm of plant residue. From January to July 2016, at regular intervals of 21 days, ten harvests were performed, in which after measuring the canopy height, two forage samples (0.25 m2) from each plot were collected, weighed (fresh mass, FM) and dried (dry mass, DM) in a forced air circulation oven (72 h at 55 oC) to determining the aboveground biomass availability. The statistical analysis was performed using SAS ® 9.4. The data were submitted to analysis of variance using the PROC GLM procedure, and the effect of treatment (Control and Elevated CO2) was tested by least squares. Forage height and fresh and dry aboveground biomass production were not significantly different between treatments (P > 0.05). The results indicate that at least under short-term enrichment, B. brizantha was not affected by elevated CO2. This result is in line with other studies that have shown that C4 plants are less responsive than C3 plants to CO2 enrichment, probably because in C4 plants, the ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO) is located in bundle sheath cells in which CO2 is concentrated three to six times higher than atmospheric concentration, which is sufficient to saturate RuBisCO and prevent any increase in CO2 uptake with CO2 fertilization.