Leah Kalmanson's Cross-Cultural Existentialism: On the Meaning of Life in Asian and Western Thought develops what the author calls 'speculative existentialism' by challenging the metaphysical assumptions behind the existential inquiry in the West. The author turns to East Asian thought— Ruism (also known as Confucianism) in particular—questioning the "problematic understanding of subjective interiority" that remains in European existentialism despite its efforts to subvert subject-object dualism. The author writes, "my book is ultimately about the radical existential vision of Ruism, a tradition that has, in general, received less attention than Buddhism in comparative existential work." A revised existentialism via Ruist thinking is sought not only theoretically but also through practical techniques for mental cultivation, self-transformation, and existential realization. This journey pushes the existential inquiry not only beyond dualist assumptions but also beyond the human condition in its engagement with a qi 氣 cosmology that emphasizes the continuity between humans and environments. The author uses the term 'speculative' in a specific sense: "a mode of speculation that grants us access to reality beyond the constraints of the ordinary subjective experience." The term comes from Quentin Meillassoux's "speculative realism," a call for a renewed realism that reclaims access to mind-independent reality, renounced by post-Kantian philosophy (including phenomenology) that accepts the distinction between phenomena and noumena. Meillassoux critiques the tendency prevalent in post-Kantian philosophy to understand a reality limited to our own perceptual and cognitive abilities—what he calls a 'species solipsism.' In her invention of 'speculative existentialism', Kalmanson redefines speculation itself, "not as the interior rumination of a subject looking out on the world but rather as a dynamic activity that transforms both selves and their environments." By putting the key concepts of European existentialism—anxiety, absurdity,


Purpose – Since the introduction of the concepts of the J‐ and S‐curves, many researchers have tried to verify their validity empirically. This paper aims to review the related papers and to offer direction for future research.Design/methodology/approach – This is a review paper. As such, no method is employed here. Rather, the methodologies used by others to test the J‐ and S‐curves are explained and reviewed.Findings – No new findings are offered since this is a review paper.Practical implications – The J‐ and S‐curves show whether currency depreciation worsens the trade balance first before improving it. Since the majority of studies are country‐specific, policymakers could benefit by learning whether currency depreciation will be effective in improving the trade balance.Originality/value – This is a literature review paper and its originality is in terms of collecting the literature together and presenting it in one single paper.


Interventional management of pain has been described as the 4th step of the WHO analgesic ladder and proves immensely useful for many refractory and resistant pains. Recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) can lead to chronic pelvic and perineal pain, which are often refractory to analgesics including strong opioids, and requires centrally acting neuropathic pain medications, along with psychological and behavioral therapies, and may need interventional pain management. Sympathetic nerve blocks are indicated and can be used in management of visceral pain/cancer pain. A patient with cancer may experience pain due to cancer, side effects of its treatment, or a noncancer pathology. They are prone to recurrent infections including urinary tract, respiratory tract, bloodstream infections, among others, which become a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. In this case report, the authors present a case with advanced cancer in whom recurrent UTI led to chronic debilitating perineal pain which was successfully managed with superior hypogastric plexus and ganglion impar block highlighting the potential utility of these underutilized blocks in challenging situations of complex pelvic and perineal pains.


The performance and durability of anode supported solid oxide fuel cells is heavily dependent on the porosity of their anode layer. An optimal amount of porosity is needed to achieve high performance without compromising the flatness, and by extension, the hermetic sealing of the cell. This presents challenges for commercialization, as anode porosity heavily influences the densification of the cells during sintering. In this work, the effect of pore former loading was evaluated on both cell performance and curvature. It was also found that anodes with an intermediate amount of pore former had the best performance but also the most curvature. The mechanism behind this was evaluated with an optical dilatometer. As expected, when cells were sintered with thicker anode support layers, they resulted in significantly flatter cells. Improvements to performance but not flatness were achieved with the use of graded porosity in the anode, with high porosity at the fuel side that decreased closer to the electrolyte. This effect was more pronounced at lower temperatures and fuel ratios, further demonstrating that this is a more efficient microstructure for the anode than a typical anode with uniform porosity. The use of graded porosity was then evaluated as a means of improving the performance of thicker anodes, to take advantage of their greater flatness and mechanical strength. Unfortunately, thicker anodes exhibited a significant drop in performance. It was found that the greater distance for gas diffusion in thicker anodes means that a different microstructure is needed for efficient gas flow and charge transfer. In the case of thicker anodes, it was found that having two anode regions, one thinner region with moderate porosity adjacent to the anode functional layer and one with high porosity making up the bulk of the anode resulted in the best performance. This allows sufficient fuel flow in a thicker anode, without significantly reducing the activity of the anode. In this way, this anode microstructure behaves similarly to an anode functional layer, which is well known to improve fuel cell performance. While graded anode microstructures have been reported before, there have been few, if any, studies that evaluated both their performance and flatness simultaneously. Optimization of anode porosity in anode supported cells is essential to improving both their performance and reliability, which are necessary for widespread adoption of SOFCs.


This paper contributes to our understanding of the social life of used computers in West Africa through analysis of the sending, distribution, recognition, and reception of recycled equipment. Based on multi-sited and longitudinal fieldwork in Denmark and Ghana, it employs George Marcus' suggestion of following things as a methodological selection device for ethnography. Theoretically, it engages the concept of affective circuits to address how transnational recycling, belonging, hometown development, and family relations are interlinked. I present a three-fold argument: first, that the actions of sending, distributing, recognizing, and receiving used equipment enable different actors to demonstrate and perform hometown belonging, development, and leadership; second, that these capacities reflect differentiated mobilities and connectivity of the people involved; and third, that the recycled furniture and information technology (IT) gear become upcycled to objects of value, being mobilized and transformed through long-term processes and negotiations of reciprocity.


Several internal engine measures in combination with advanced turbocharging have been considered for fulfilling the IMO II regulation by the beginning of 2011, which requires a NOx reduction of 20% compared to IMO I. In order to fulfill the requirement of the IMO III regulation which will be effective as of 2016, a major decrease of the specific NOx emissions (about -80% compared to the IMO I values) needs to be achieved in the ECA's (Emission Control Areas). Sulphur-oxides (SOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions are to be controlled by limiting the sulphur content of the fuel used. An alternative measure is the use of SOx abatement equipment such as sea water scrubbers, fresh water scrubbers or a dry exhaust gas cleaning system. For IMO III either external measures (aftertreatment technologies) or a combination of internal engine technologies are required. This paper provides an overview of IMO III solutions with regard to NOx reduction measures and their impact on the engineturbocharger system considering both, 1-stage and 2stage turbocharging. From a selection of possible solutions, two high potential NOx reduction technologies, namely SCR and EGR, have been chosen to be studied in greater detail. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is a proven technology that basically allows any engine to fulfill IMO III. Nevertheless some configurations require SCR to be installed before the turbine (2-stroke engines, 2-stage turbocharging), which affects the transient operation. The impact on the system and an evaluation of several counter-measures is provided based on transient simulations. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) is an established NOx-reduction technology in the automotive sector, but is not yet state-of-the art for large engines. An evaluation of several strategies with regards to NOxreduction, fuel consumption, and other relevant parameters shows the potential and the advantages of recirculating exhaust gases. A further challenge for the turbocharging system is the necessity to provide a variability which allows an engine to fulfill the low emission limits within the ECA's while running elsewhere with the highest fuel economy. c ©CIMAC Congress 2010, Bergen © CIMAC Congress 2010, Bergen Paper No. 139 2 INTRODUCTION In the coming years marine emission limits for marine engines will be significantly reduced. See Fig. 1 for NOx and Fig. 2 for sulphur. 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 0 250 500 75


The analysis of the exciton reflectivity contour in CuGaS/sub 2/ crystals at 8 K was carried out. Absorption and luminescence spectroscopy was employed for additional characterization. The value of the exciton Ridberg constant /spl Rfr/=0.03247 eV, the energy of the continuum E/sub g//sup n+/spl infin//=2.50305 eV and the thickness of the exciton-free layer L=22 /spl Aring/ were deduced from this analysis. The excited n=2 (2.53323 eV) and n=3 (2.53774 eV) states of the excitons were determined. The upper polariton branch was drawn from the angular dependence of the reflectivity.


The delta opioid receptor (DOR) undergoes both phosphorylation dependent and independent internalization, indicating that recruitment of GRK2 to the plasma membrane by Gβγ is not an absolute requirement for receptor internalization. We hypothesized that treatment of cells with pertussis toxin (PTX), an inhibitor of Go/i protein receptor coupling, would partially inhibit receptor internalization and allow for the study of G protein independent pathways. An immunoassay to measure internalization of FLAG‐tagged DOR in HEK 293 cells revealed that treatment with DPDPE for 1 h stimulated 52 ± 8% internalization with an EC50 = 27 ± 4 nM. In addition, the full agonists deltorphin and (+)BW373U86, each at 10 μM, induced 63 ± 7% and 56 ± 11% internalization, respectively. No significant internalization was observed after treatment with 10 μM morphine, naltrindole or oxymorphindole. Treatment of cells with 100 ng/ml PTX (18h) followed by a 1 h incubation with 10 μM DPDPE decreased receptor internalization to 29 ± 6%. Although maximal DPDPE‐induced internalization was reduced by PTX treatment, the potency was unchanged. After a 6 h incubation with DPDPE, cell surface receptor loss in the absence or presence of PTX reached maximum values of 82 ± 5% and 79 ± 5%, respectively. However, the half‐life of DPDPE‐induced cell surface receptor loss was increased by PTX treatment from 14.7 ± 2.0 min to 31.4 ± 7.3 min. The PTX sensitive and insensitive DPDPE‐induced internalization pathways were clathrin and lipid raft dependent and were independent of factors in serum. In conclusion, inhibition of G protein coupling slows, but does not prevent DPDPE‐induced internalization, confirming that the cell has Gβγ independent mechanisms available to induce internalization.


This paper deals with the challenging problem of closed-loop identification for multivariable chemical processes and particularly the estimation of an open-loop system model for a laboratory twin-screw extruder used in powder coatings manufacturing process. The aim is to produce a low order efficient model in order to assist the scaling-up and the control design of the manufacturing process. Various identification techniques, such as prediction error and subspace methods are used to first generate candidate closed-loop models that fit to the original input-output process data. Then, a comparison and a model validation of the estimated models was performed, by means of the mean square error and data fitting criteria, in order to select the model that best describes the dynamic behaviour of the underlying process. The idea is to extract the dynamics of the plant from the dynamics of the identified closed-loop system by using the knowledge of the controller parameters.


Added sugars may contribute to the development of insulin resistance in metabolic diseases. It is further suspected that this is related to fructose‐induced intrahepatic fat deposition. How it relates to daily fructose intake, and what the relative roles of fructose, glucose and excess energy are, remains however controversial. We therefore evaluated the effects of short term overfeeding with various amounts of fructose, glucose, or saturated fat on hepatic insulin sensitivity (HIS) and lipid content (IHCL) in healthy male subjects. Data collected in several studies were pooled. Fasting hepatic glucose production (HGP), HIS and IHCL were measured after both 6–7 days on a weight‐maintenance diet (control, C; n=53) and 6–7 days of overfeeding with 1.5 (F 1.5, n=7), 3 (F3, n=17), or 4g fructose/kg/day (F4, n=10), with 3g glucose/kg/day (G3, n=11), or with 30% excess energy as saturated fat (fat 30%, n=8).


Conversational UI (CUI) like voice assistant and chatbot are being introduced to provide 24x7 enquiry response, advice and technical support. This study aims at assessing User Experience related factors, which reinforce Trust between Wealth Management customer and the CUI in tasks normally performed by Relationship Managers. Given the nancial and resource constraints of the thesis, semi structured interviews and Wizard of Oz experiments were chosen as the methods of study. These methods helped in delving deep into user issues within limited time period. The study nds that investors were happy to get response in text and graphics mode but not in voice since the information was considered condential. There were apprehensions in using chatbot for getting investment advice. Findings of this study may be helpful to wealth management organisations in designing conversation UI strategy. However, the study was conducted with clients in India, hence the ndings are more relevant to countries with similar sociocultural conditions.


Internet of Things (IoT) technologies will play an important role in enabling the smart grid achieving its goals in monitoring, protecting, and controlling by incorporating sensors, actuators, and metering devices while supporting various network functions and system automation. In this regard, home energy management systems (HEMS) enable customers efficiently use energy by managing their consumption, providing feedback information and improving control of major appliances. This work proposes a novel framework for IoT based appliance recognition in smart homes. It consists of two parts: training framework and inference framework. The proposed framework allows incorporating different loads in the monitoring system and enables selecting and testing specific parameters related to dataset configuration, feature extraction, and classifier model setting. The work contributes by developing an easy-to-use tool that allows customization of the training/prediction parameters according to the user criterion. Once the data and all its parameters are loaded, a novel feature extraction algorithm is used to obtain a total of ten statistical features. For the classification task, three machine learning models are included: a feed-forward neural network, a long short-term memory and a support vector machine. In addition, the user can apply a set of techniques to handle imbalanced classes, and also measure the influence of the selected features in the classifiers' prediction by performing a feature importance analysis.


Knowing about the clients is the central aspect of health care practice. This study aimed to explore the essences of the lived experience of Public Health Midwives (PHMs) as primary care givers to the children and nutrition counselors for mothers and care givers. The methodology of the study was interpretive phenomenology described by Heidegger. There were three Focus Group Discussions (FGD) involving six PHMs in each FGD. Altogether, eighteen PHMs participated in the in-depth experiential conversations using an FGD guide. The discussions were video and audio recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis and interpretation were carried out according to van Manen. Four major themes have emerged through the interpretation process. The themes were: (1) habit of fast food, (2) busy life of mothers and care givers and (3) lack of knowledge among mothers and care givers (4) lack of health care personnel. A sub theme 'critical financial situation' was also emerged under the theme busy life of mothers and care givers and another sub theme 'interference by mother-in-laws in child nutrition' was emerged from within the major theme, lack of knowledge among mothers and care givers. The study was quite specific to Eastern province of Sri Lanka, where the nutritional status of the children aged 6-36 months was lower than the average level during the study period. The findings of the study will be helpful to the health care personnel in the Eastern province; in planning and providing the optimum care to children aged 6-36 months and nutrition counseling for their mothers and care givers in future.


Oil well is a basic unit of oilfield. To maintain well production above the break-even point is important for well production management. One of the targets of reservoir management is to increase benefit production through producing well management. Managers in the oilfield should fully master and utilize the variation of break-even point to adjust production deployment and maximize benefit. This paper used the break-even principle of economics, conducted economic benefit analysis about oil wells by taking a block in Zhongyuan Oilfield as an example, presented the single-well production limit of different dimensions of management such as the complete cost, the producing cost, and the operating cost, classified the benefit of single well, put forward corresponding measures, and increased economic production of reservoir, providing basis for the producing decisions made about reservoir management.


To accurately predict the risk of coal and gas outburst and evaluate the reliability of desorption indexes of drilling cuttings (K1 and Δh2) in No. 16 coal seam of Pingmei No. 12 coal mine, two sets of coal samples were selected from the target coal seams for proximate analyses, methane adsorption/desorption tests, and desorption indexes of drilling cuttings tests. The results indicated that the desorption volume in the initial stage of desorption is large, and increases slowly in the later stage. The methane desorption volume of PMD1 and PMD2 coal samples accounts for 15.14%–18.09% and 15.72%–18.17% respectively in the first 1 min, and 43.92%–48.55% and 41.87%–52.25% respectively in the first 10 min in the 120 min desorption tests. Both K1 and Δh2 present power function relationships with methane pressure. Similarly, the power function relationships also can be found between the initial desorption characteristics (Q1 and Q4–5) and the methane pressure. Finally, the average relative error between the measured value and the calculated value of Q1 based on K1 is less than that of Q4–5 based on Δh2, which indicates that K1 is a more reliable index than Δh2 to predict the risk of coal and gas outburst in the No. 16 coal seam of Pingmei No. 12 coal mine.


Summary A number of compounds were tested for lathyrogenic activity, while others were investigated for their ability to potentiate BAPN induced aortic rupture in turkeys. β-Mercaptoethylamine hydrochloride when fed together with 1-isonicotinyl-2-isopropyl hydrazine phosphate was toxic, causing massive internal hemorrhages, and slower growth. Diaminobutyric acid and methyl 3-aminopropyl sulfide induced no aortic lesions. N-Glycyl-BAPN induced characteristic BAPN toxicity symptoms while 2 other acyl derivatives, N-pantoyl-BAPN and N-glutaryl-BAPN, did not. Furazolidone and Parnate sulfate, when fed together with BAPN, markedly enhanced the toxicity symptoms induced by BAPN. Additions of 3% L-lysine monohydrochloride, 3% L-cystine, or 2% taurine also potentiated BAPN toxicity in young turkeys.


Studies in Ontario have shown that corn (Zea mays L.) yields are reduced when corn is seeded immediately after rye (Secale cereale L.) harvest or chemical kill of winter rye. A study was conducted in 1983 and 1984 on a Maryhill (Typic Hapludalf) loam soil to determine the effect of spring tillage systems and timing of rye chemical kill on the subsequent corn crop. The rye was seeded in early October after corn silage harvest (...)


In the light of a massive migratory movement who in 2015 resulted in more than 160 000 asylum applications in Sweden, a need for a good integration arises, which is partly linked to employment and ...


The interaction of high energy ions with magnetohydrodynamic modes is analyzed. A numerical code is developed which evaluates the contribution of the high energy particles to mode stability using orbit averaging of motion in either analytic or numerically generated equilibria through Hamiltonian guiding center equations. A dispersion relation is then used to evaluate the effect of the particles on the linear mode. Generic behavior of the solutions of the dispersion relation is discussed and dominant contributions of different components of the particle distribution function are identified. Numerical convergence of Monte-Carlo simulations is analyzed. The resulting code ORBIT provides an accurate means of comparing experimental results with the predictions of kinetic magnetohydrodynamics. The method can be extended to include self consistent modification of the particle orbits by the mode, and hence the full nonlinear dynamics of the coupled system.


This study is aimed to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of parsley aqueous extract (PAE) and its effect on heart tissue of diabetic rats. Diabetes induced by subcutaneous injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Sixty diabetic rats were equally divided into four groups: control diabetic rats, diabetic rats treated with PAE and/or gliclazide. In addition, sixty normal rats were equally divided into four control groups: control non-treated rats, normal rats treated with PAE and/or gliclazide. The experiment lasted for 45 days. STZ injection induced a significant increase in plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein levels and glutathione transferase activity in association with a significant decrease in plasma highdensity lipoprotein, whole blood glutathione and serum homocysteine levels. Expression of caspase-3 in cardiac tissue was affected by STZ injection. In conclusion, administration of PAE significantly attenuates the hyperlipidemia, overcomes the oxidative stress and improves heart tissue of diabetic rats.


An approach for decision-level fusion for gesture and speech based human-robot interaction (HRI) is proposed. A rule-based method is compared with several machine learning approaches. Gestures and speech signals are initially classified using hidden Markov models, reaching accuracies of 89.6% and 84% respectively. The rule-based approach reached 91.6% while SVM, which was the best of all evaluated machine learning algorithms, reached an accuracy of 98.2% on the test data. A complete framework is deployed in real time humanoid robot (NAO) which proves the efficacy of the system.


Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a unique form of carbon filament/fiber in which the graphene walls roll up to form tubes. They can exhibit either metallic‐like or semiconductor‐like properties. With the graphene walls parallel to the filament axis, nanotubes (single wall metallic‐type or multi‐wall) exhibit high electrical conductivity at room temperature. This high electrical conductivity allied to their remarkable thermal stability has made CNTs one of the most intensely studied material systems for field emission (FE) applications. In this paper we will describe the growth of multiwall CNTs and their application in a range of field emission based systems including their use in SEM sources, emitters for use in microwave amplifiers and as emitters in field emission based displays (FEDs). (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


【Objective】To observe the curative effect of emergency treatment of acute obstructive anuria by ureteroscopy.【Methods】Between January 2003 to January 2008,36 cases of acute obstructive anuria were treated by ureteroscopic lithotripsy.【Results】In 91.7%(33/36) of cases stones were fragmented in one treatment session,and the stone free rate within 4-6 weeks was 100%.Complications occurred in 3 patients with perforation in 2 and septic shock in 1 which were all cured after proper treatment.Those with perforation were cured by conservative treatment.No major complications such as ureteral stricture were encountered during 3-10 month follow-up.【Conclusions】 Ureteroscopic lithotripsy is an ideal,safe and effective way to treat acute obstructive anuria.It should be used more often and widely if possible.


Background: The effects of infection and developmental adaptations in
infancy on the prevalence of subsequent atopy-related diseases at
different ages during childhood are not fully determined. This study
aims to examine the similarities and differences in the age-specific
association of asthma, allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis, and atopic
dermatitis with early life infection (i.e., daycare, older siblings, and
severe airway infection) and developmental adaptations (i.e., preterm
birth and overweight gain) in children. Methods: In this longitudinal
cohort study (n = 47,015), children were followed from 0.5 to 11 years.
The potential risks and protective factors, including daycare attendance
at 0.5 years, existence of older siblings, history of hospitalization
due to cold/bronchitis/bronchiolitis/pneumonia during 0.5–1.5 years,
preterm birth, and overweight gain at 1.5 years, were assessed using
multivariable logistic regression with adjustments for potential
confounders. Results: A negative association was observed between early
life daycare attendance and asthma at 5.5–9 years, which disappeared
after 10 years. A negative association was also noted throughout
childhood between early life daycare attendance and the presence of
older siblings with allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis. However, the
association between early daycare and atopic dermatitis was found to be
positive during childhood. In contrast, the early life history of
hospitalization owing to cold/bronchitis/bronchiolitis/pneumonia was
identified to be a risk factor for developing both asthma and allergic
rhinitis/conjunctivitis. Preterm birth was a significant risk factor for
childhood asthma. Conclusion: Different age-specific patterns were
demonstrated in the relationship between early life daycare, severe
airway infection, preterm birth, and atopy-related diseases in
childhood.


Public relations professionals encounter ethical problems as individuals who make decisions about their professional lives. They also serve as ethical counselors to organizations, a role in which they help organizations behave in ethical, responsible, and sustainable ways. This introduction defines ethics and social responsibility and discusses the possibilities and obstacles that public relations professionals face in the role of ethical counselor. Seven research problems in public relations are discussed : personal ethical decisions ; relationships with clients and other practitioners ; loyalty to organizations, publics, and society ; choice of a client or organization, advocate and counselor roles, secrecy and openness, and digital media. The introduction ends with a discussion of the need for ethical theories of public relations and describes several promising theories.


The report provides an overview of the BART system within its Bay Area setting. The planning, design and construction of the system are described here, as are its physical facilities, operations, and management. Physical and social characteristics of the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area, the primary BART service area (Contra Costa, Alameda, San Francisco and northern San Mateo counties) and the immediate surroundings of the system are discussed, and the populations within those areas are defined. Data is presented here without analysis or evaluation and is intended to serve as background and perspective for viewing the various studies within the BART Impact Program. (Color illustrations reproduced in black and white)


Studies of the correlation between the geomagnetic fields recorded at high-latitude observatories and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) observed from the IMP 8 satellite in the solar wind have indicated that variations in the IMF BY component may generate perturbations of similar appearance in the geomagnetic north (H) components observed in the noon sector of the dayside polar cap. During southward interplanetary field conditions (IMF BZ < 0) these perturbations are observed to progress poleward from the cusp region across a large fraction of the dayside polar cap, changing only slightly in shapes and amplitudes. These progressing geomagnetic variations are interpreted as the footprints of the variable IMF BY component present in the solar wind volume which is magnetically connected to the polar cap ionosphere. It is suggested in this work that both the IMF BY variations and the corresponding variations in the H(ground) components are related to interplanetary field-aligned currents. The "open" magnetospheric topology, resulting from the merging of the geomagnetic field and the interplanetary field during southward interplanetary field conditions, allows these interplanetary currents to flow along the merged field lines to the northern and southern polar cap ionospheres. Here they generate the convection-related Hall currents responsible for the observed geomagnetic perturbations. The closure from one polar cap to the other can be partly in the form of ionospheric Pedersen currents and partly in the form of field-aligned currents along closed field lines in the inner magnetosphere.


In the economic development literature it has become conventional wisdom that agriculture can contribute to industrial growth in various ways in the initial stages of development. Implicit in this argument is an economy dominated primarily by free markets. To what extent agriculture can contribute to industrial growth in a centrally planned economy (CPE) has not been theoretically investigated. This paper is a comparative study of two vastly different experiences: that of Lombardy, a region in northern Italy, between 1861 and 1914, where agriculture has made substantial contribution to the region's industrial develop ment within a free market system;1 and that of the USSR, where after 1928 the agricultural surplus was a main pillar of economic growth within a CPE. While their paths of development were vastly different, both Lombardy and the USSR were "latecomers" to modern industrial


Recently, we have reported the synthesis and chiroptical properties of optically active gold nanoclusters protected by a pair of penicillamine enantiomers [1]. On the basis of kinetic and structural considerations, we have attributed the observed optical activity to a dissymmetric field induced by the chiral penicillamine shell. A recent theoretical study supports the dissymmetric field model [2]; symmetric metal cores can be optically active when perturbed by a dissymmetric field originating from the surface adsorbates. On the other hand, the origin of optical activity of glutathione-protected gold nanoclusters has been discussed in the context of an inherently chiral core model [3,4]. Thus the arguments on the origin of optical activity are still fragmentary due to few examples of well-defined optically active nanoclusters. We report here the synthesis and chiroptical properties of optically active D-/L-penicillaminecapped silver nanoclusters with the core size ranged in 1-3 nm.


It is common to consider the following: I. Retention of soil particles that may enter the drainage pipe and cause its clogging. For some sensitive structures it is important to prevent settlements due to soil transportation by drainage water.


Funding such computer use was, of course, the major stumbling block. As at most institutions, a growin B number of disciplines are exposing students to computing by including it as part of the curriculum. However, many students do not have the opportunity to take such courses. Many others received just enough exposure to see that computing could be useful to them, only to discover there was no way to get access to the computer in their other courses.


Sir, Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter spp., are emerging worldwide as a major public health concern. According to the European survey on carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, including 38 countries in 2013 (EuSCAPE) (http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/antimicrobialresistance-carbapenemase-producing-bacteria-europe.pdf), the epidemiological situation has significantly worsened over recent years and now represents a major threat to patient healthcare. Here, we identified and characterized a series of carbapenemresistant K. pneumoniae circulating in a single hospital in northern Spain during a 3 month period. All K. pneumoniae isolates with reduced susceptibility to at least one carbapenem (imipenem and/or ertapenem) recovered at the University Central Hospital of Asturias, northern Spain, from September to December 2014, were selected for the study. A total of 68 isolates were recovered from 41 patients admitted to different wards, but only a single isolate per patient (the first obtained) was considered for further characterization. These isolates were involved in urinary tract infections (33.3%), respiratory infections (19%), sepsis (17%) and surgical wound infections (14.3%), while 9.7% of the patients were colonized. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion assays (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA), and the Microscan System (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA) was used for determination of MICs and bacterial identification. Susceptibility to colistin was determined bya broth culturemicrodilutionmethod as recommended by the CLSI. The results of susceptibility tests were interpreted according to CLSI breakpoints; however, the MICs of tigecycline and colistin were determined and interpreted according to EUCAST guidelines. The Carba NP test was applied for the detection of carbapenemase activity. All 41 isolates were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate and piperacillin/tazobactam. In addition, all showed reduced susceptibility or resistance to ertapenem and imipenem, except 15 isolates (36.6%) that remained susceptible to imipenem. Interestingly, nine isolates (21.9%) were resistant to cefoxitin, and resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins was observed in all but one isolate (97.6%). Additionally, 93% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 78% to trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, 68% to gentamicin, 80% to tobramycin, 41% to amikacin, 20% to tigecycline, 7% to fosfomycin and 10% to colistin. The Carba NP test was positive for all 41 isolates. Genes encoding resistance to carbapenems (blaOXA-48, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaKPC, blaIMP) and to broad-spectrum cephalosporins (blaCTX-M, blaSHV) were screened by PCR amplification followed by sequencing. PCRs were also performed to determine the genetic environment of the blaOXA-48 gene. 6 All isolates were positive for the blaOXA-48 carbapenemase gene that was located in transposon Tn1999.2. In addition, 80% of the isolates resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins were positive for the blaCTX-M-15 gene, while the remaining 20%were positive for the blaSHV-12 gene. Conjugation assays were performed using each of the blaOXA-48-positive isolates as donors and E. coli J53 resistant to sodium azide as the recipient strain. Transconjugants were selected on eosin methylene blue agar containing sodium azide (100 mg/L) plus temocillin (50 mg/L). Plasmid DNAwas extracted using the Kado and Liu technique and the incompatibility group of the blaOXA-48-carrying plasmids was established, as previously described. The blaOXA-48 gene was carried by a conjugative plasmid of 62 kb belonging to the IncL/M group, corresponding to the epidemic plasmid bearing the blaOXA-48 gene. 7 The remaining b-lactamase genes identified among the OXA-48 producers were always carried on distinct plasmids. To establish the genetic relationships between the isolates, 25 of them, selected as representatives of the different resistance phenotypes and hospital wards (Figure 1), were analysed by PFGE performed using endonuclease XbaI (www.pulsenetinternational.org). Overall, 19 different PFGE profiles were identified, with similarities evaluated by the Dice coefficient and cluster analysis performed using the software program MVSP (Multivariate Statistics Package for PCs, RockWare Inc.). Using a coefficient of similarity of 0.85, the 19 profiles could be distributed into six clusters termed CX1–CX6. One isolate per cluster was typed by MLST according to the Pasteur Institute scheme (www.pasteur.fr/mlst), giving rise to the subsequent clones ST326 (CX1), ST405 (CX2), ST147 (CX3), ST104 (CX4 and CX5) and ST15 (CX6) (Figure 1). Of note, all clones except ST104 had previously been associated with OXA-48 production in Europe and/or Spain. The concomitant occurrence of five different K. pneumoniae clones producing OXA-48 in a single hospital might be explained, at least in part, by the high transfer frequency of the IncL/M plasmid carrying the blaOXA-48 gene. 10 In view of our data, it is likely that the spread of OXA-48-producing K. pneumoniae in Spain will rapidly mirror the endemic situation observed in Italy and the USA with KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolates. Once again,


Iron is an essential element for almost all organisms, since iron serves as a catalytic center for redox reactions in many enzymes. Bacterial pathogens need to acquire iron from tissues of host to survive. Heme transport by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter plays a key role in pathological processes. In gram-negative bacteria, the heme or heme protein binds to specific outer membrane receptors on the bacterial surface. The heme is then transported into the cell via ABC transporters. Here, we present the crystal structure of the heme transporter complex BhuUV-T from Burkholderia cenocepacia at 3.5 Å resolution in nucleotide-free state. The permeation pathway created by transmembrane helices of two BhuU subunit exhibits an inward-facing conformation. Comparison with the outward-facing conformation previously reported for the heme transporter HmuUV from Yersinia pestis and homologous vitamin B12 transporter BtuCD-F from E. coli indicates the structural mechanism involving the translational shift of nucleotide binding subunit and repositioning of the helices of permease subunits for substrate translocation. Structure of interface between BhuUV and periplasmic heme-binding protein BhuT suggests that the acidic residues of BhuU at the periplasmic interface may have an important role in releasing the heme from BhuT. We also determined the BhuT in apo and two types of holo form, providing the structural basis for transient and ambiguous heme recognition.


Bamboo forests play an important role in achieving the objectives of the United Nations program on Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation. We developed and validated a modeling system that simultaneously estimate aboveground biomass and its components for a common bamboo species (Bambusa procera A. Chev. and A. Camus) in tropical forests. Eighty-three bamboo culms were destructively sampled from seventeen 100 m2 sample plots located in different parts of the Central Highlands in Viet Nam to obtain total plant aboveground biomass (AGB) and its components. We examined the performance of weighted nonlinear models fit by maximum likelihood and weighted nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression fit by generalized least squares for predicting bamboo biomass. The simultaneous estimation of AGB and its components produced higher reliability than the models of components and total developed separately. With a large number of bamboo species, it may not be feasible to develop species- specific biomass models, hence genus-specific allometric models may be considered.


Whites associate product quality with Caucasian facial features, blacks with Negroid features, but both rate products more favorably when the model exhibits stereotypical racial features.


Voltage fluctuation suppression and reactive power proportional sharing in islanded microgrids (MGs) are often difficult to maintain simultaneously. Hence, a dynamical reconfigurable master–slave control architecture is proposed herein. When a load fluctuates, the leader will be dynamically selected through specific features (such as the output power, output voltage, and power capacity); subsequently, the leader sends his information to all other distributed generators (DGs) as a unified signal in the MG. Meanwhile, the other DGs adjust their local output based on the unified reference to achieve accurate power sharing in each DG. Moreover, system voltage recovery can be realized simultaneously since each DG contains closed-loop voltage control. In addition, for the automatic selection of the leader, a dynamically selected method based on a weight-voting-based differential delay method is proposed herein; the method realizes the unicity and automatic selection of the leader during communication failure. Additionally, the stability of the proposed method is proven mathematically. The results show that the proposed method is stable for any communication period and DG quantity. Furthermore, the communication delay and communication failure are derived mathematically. The results show that the proposed method demonstrates robustness against communication delay. Finally, experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method under communication delays, failures, and power failures.


The hot rolling,cold rolling and simulative continuous annealing experiments were carried out in the laboratory on the base of new type SFG HSS(super fine grain,high strength steel sheet).The microstructure observation results show that the microstructure of this new type steel contains not only very fine ferrite grain but also Nb(C,N) precipitates by improving chemical composition,controlled rolling and controlled annealing.The PFZ zone is free of precipitate called Precipitated Free Zone on the one side of the grain boundary.The results show that the SFG steel has very high tensile strength and good tensile elongation by fined Nb,Ti(C,N) precipitates and very fined ferrite grain.On the other hand,it also has very low yield strength by the formation of the PFZ.Contrast to the conventional IF steel,the SFG steel have the characters of super fine grain,high tensile strength,low yield strength/tensile strength rate,good elongation and high r-value.


With more children being enrolled in childcare, caregivers can play an important role inpromoting children's nutrition education and healthy eating [...]


1. The Setting: World War II and the destruction of the Old 2. Origins of the Cold War in Europe, 1945-1950 3. Toward hot war in Asia, 1945-1950 4. A global Cold War, 1950-1963 5. The rise and fall of detente, 1963-1978 6. Cold wars at home 7. Nuclear weapons and arms control 8. The final phase, 1978-1989 9. The aftermath


In this paper, an energy management (EM) controller capable of operating in real-time and its verification in Controller Hardware in Loop (CHIL) is proposed. A coordinated multi-agent system-based optimization scheme is developed for the energy management for EV integration. The real-time simulation testbed is developed with Typhoon HIL 602+ unit interfaced to RTDS. The Typhoon HIL unit emulates an EV and the RTDS mimics the grid. The EM controller is developed in Java Agent Development Framework (JADE) and it is interfaced to the testbed through Ethernet (Socket) protocol. The results presented in this paper validate the real-time operation of the controller and the cost optimization at the workplace microgrid.


Structural requirements for antitussive activity in some novel 16-substituted derivatives of 6,14-endoethenotetrahydrothebaine Sm,-Powerful morphine-like analgesics and narcotic antagonists have been found in derivatives of 6,14-endoethenotetrahydrothebaine (Bentley, Boura & others, 1965; Bentley and Hardy, 1967; Blane, Boura & others, 1967). Many of these compounds resemble other narcotics by causing depression of medullary centres mediating the cough reflex, and a search was therefore made within this seric for an antitussive agent in which some dissociation of other morphinelike properties was apparent. The work led to the finding that substitution in the 16-position with an alkyl group resulted in the production of compounds possessing powerful antitussive properties, but having less prominent analgesic and other morphine-like actions than the unsubstituted compound (I ; R=H) which is a highly potent analgesic.


Primitive machine learning method such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) or k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) faces a major challenge when its training and test data is distributed with large-scale variations in lighting conditions, color, backgrounds, size, etc. The variation may be because training and testing data can come from related but some other domains. Considerable efforts have been made in the development of transfer learning methods. However, most current work focuses only on the following goals or objectives: i)Preservation of source domain discriminative information with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA); ii)Maximization of target domain variance; iii) Subspace alignment; iv) Minimization of marginal and conditional distribution by using the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) criterion;v)Preservation of original similarity of the data samples. Current approaches to preserve source domain discriminant information can easily misclassify the target domain samples which are distributed near the edge of the cluster. In order to overcome the limitations of existing transfer learning methods, we propose a novel Unsupervised Transfer Learning Via Relative Distance Comparisons (UTRDC) method. UTRDC optimizes all the aforementioned objectives jointly with a common projection vector matrix for both domains as well as uses the relative distance constraints for better inter-class separability and intra-class compactness. Furthermore, we extend our proposed method UTRDC to a kernelized version to deal with non-linear separable datasets. Extensive experimentation on two real-world problems datasets (PIE face and Office+Caltech) has proven that the proposed methods outperform several approaches to non-transfer learning and transfer learning.


We consider the control performance of an LQG system with a noisy analog feedback channel between the state-observation and the controller. To bound the performance, we use the sequential rate distortion function and the assumption of equi-memory. We then discuss the trade-offs between control and communication costs and how to relax the equi-memory assumption.


The present authors have developed a phased array Doppler sodar and participated with it in the International Sodar Intercomparison Experiment (ISIE) at Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) in 1988. During the period of ISIE, a significant low-level jet (LLJ) was observed in the morning of September 18, 1988. The turbulent structure of an LLJ was analyzed using sodar observations as well as tower observations, and is summarized as follows; (1) Low frequency fluctuations (<0.002 Hz) increase in the time period of LLJ appearance. (2) The turbulent momentum flux in this frequency range shows divergence from the jet core in the developing stage and convergence toward the jet core in the decelerating stage. (3) This shows that turbulence acts as the resisting force to the development of an LLJ.


Changes in the proportions of river and lake-produced eggs of a landlocked amphidromous ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis in the Lake Biwa water system, Japan, were monitored by stable-isotope analysis, based on different δ15 N and δ13 C values of prey organisms between the lake and its tributaries. During the 3 month reproduction season, the δ15 N values of spawned eggs decreased with time. This result implies that there was a shift from lake-produced eggs to river-produced eggs within a reproductive season, based on the observation that adult fish in the lake had previously been shown to have eggs with distinctly higher δ15 N values in their ovaries than those in the tributaries. This explanation was also supported by the change in δ13 C values of the spawned eggs. Furthermore, eggs with lower δ15 N and higher δ13 C values tended to be spawned at less variable depths, suggesting that females spawning river-produced eggs selected the spawning sites from a narrower range. We conclude that stable isotope ratios of spawned eggs can be indicators of the relative contributions of different food chains and can enable comparisons of reproductive characteristics between types of egg. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The potential for food availability and consumption to produce variation in growth rates among hatchling striped plateau lizards (Sceloporus virgatus) was studied under laboratory conditions. Growth rate and survivorship were positively linearly related to the amount of food consumed. Differences in food consumption and availability created large differences in body size by the end of the experiment.


The need to extensively analyze business processes for multiple purposes is currently of major relevance to banks. Automatically analyzing business process models not only in a syntactical but also in a semantic way becomes increasingly important in order to achieve additional value from modeling efforts. In this article, we introduce a domain-specific BPML which supports the economically efficient semantic analysis needs of banks. Hence, we develop a language using process building blocks for the specific application of IT-driven business process analysis in the banking sector. With a design science approach, we adapt a language from the public sector to the banking requirements and evaluate our findings with the help of a real-life case from the banking industry.


Biodiversity is more recognized as a critical component of food production and food security and an important component of environment conservation. So, the paper tries to address the key research questions about the factors influencing crop diversity on the farm and are the household with high farm diversity more food secure or not? The study thus aimed to assess the on-farm crop diversity and their relation to food self-sufficiency in two different agro-ecological regions of Nepal, i.e. Tulsipur sub-metropolitan (inner terai) and Sundarbazar municipality (mid-hill). For this, a total of 70 households were randomly selected, 35 from each region, and semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and focus group discussion were employed to collect primary data. And the richness, Shannon–wiener, Simpson index, and food self-sufficiency level of households were assessed. The Shannon Wiener index of vegetables, spices were found to be 3.770 and 3.721 and that of fruits was found 2.772 and 2.607 in the home garden of Tulsipur and Sundarbazar respectively. Food self-sufficiency was achieved among 40% of households in the Tulsipur while the figure of the Sundarbazar was only 28.6%. The size of cultivated area and species richness was found moderately positive correlated. Statistical analysis showed that agro-biodiversity across two regions had less difference and finally, the paper showed that biodiversity level has a direct link to household food self-sufficiency level which helps in reducing food insecurity. Our results, therefore, promote to make effective implementation of regional food security strategies and policies to improve.


First and second recursive space-time trellis code modulation (STTCM) encoder, each in a continuous symbol interval, to generate a plurality of M-PSK symbols from each group of b input bits, where , it is M = b bit group, the first encoder given directly, provided via the interleaver to the second encoder output symbols is deinterleaved reversed. Selector the T symbols from the first encoder, the T symbols from deinterleaver, the T output paths for T antennas for performing transmission diversity, giving alternately in successive symbol intervals . STTCM encoder for fast and slow fading channel, different T, utilizing the value of M.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a composition for a cosmetic material capable of suppressing yellow discoloration phenomenon thereof for protecting the skin and/or hair from a light, especially from ultraviolet rays. SOLUTION: This composition containing a dibenzoylmethane derivative and a titanium oxide nanopigment contains 0.1-10wt.% dibenzoylmethane derivative of formula I (R1 to R4 are each H, a 1-8C alkyl or a 1-8C alkoxy) and 0.1-30wt.% titanium oxide pigment in a cosmetic medium. This pigment is coated and/or treated with a silicone. Also, preceding to the silicone treatment, the pigment is allowed to be coated with a coating agent other than the silicone such as an alumina, silica, etc. Further, a benzylidene camphor-type compound of formula II (D, E are each H, a 1-20C alkyl, etc.) is excluded from the compounds of formula I. As the compound of formula II, 4-methoxy-4'-tert- butyldibenzoylmethane is preferable. This cosmetic composition can be used as a light fast composition or a makeup product.


The effect of a ship's speed on its propulsion power requirements is of importance primarily due to their well-known cubic relationship. The ship's speed also plays a fundamental role in its profitability; higher speeds are attractive to shipping's customers but costly to the owner, both in capex and opex. Revenue and costs are dynamic and largely influenced by freight rates and bunker prices which fluctuate according to market conditions. This is further complicated in the LNG carrier sector where chemical and thermodynamic interactions contribute to the rate of LNG boil-off in the tanks. This affects revenue either directly at the LNG import terminal, or indirectly through on board reliquefaction plant power requirements. This paper investigates the 'optimum speed' problem in the LNG carrier fleet from a technical perspective that describes boil off, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions as a function of vessel speed, and from an economic angle whereby revenue and costs are evaluated with respect to speed by means of a profit optimisation and cost minimisation function.


The integration of renewable energy sources in the electrical grid brings along several benefits but also creates many challenges. One of the important assets in smart grids is the presence of flexible loads such as electric vehicle (EV) loads which enables better grid operation and control. EV loads can help mitigate the intermittent nature of renewable energies if they are adopted in adequate amount, but their volume to date is not sufficient. To promote wide EV adoption much faster, a strong EV charging infrastructure is needed. However, the locations of charging stations on the distribution and the transportation networks affect networks performances. Thus, it is crucial to plan the location according to both networks rather than considering one and ignoring the other. In this paper, Sioux Falls transportation network and IEEE 33-bus system are used to locate the stations optimally by using Differential Evolution (DE) optimization algorithm. It is found that the optimal co-planning can maintain the enhance the operation of the distribution network.


Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens) grows wild in arid areas of Mexico. Secondary metabolites of oregano have high demand because of their uses in areas such as medicine and food industry, and particularly, because their essential oils have antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The main factor that promotes the production of secondary metabolites is water stress. With the absence of water stress in in vitro cultivation of the oregano, the essential oil production is almost null, so is necessary use tools, like vegetal hormones such as auxins and cytokinins as Benzyladenine (BA) and Naphtalenacetic acid (NAA), compounds like Polyetileneglycol (PEG) and Abscisic acid (ABA) for the induction of shoot multiplication and water stress to evaluate the production of essential oils de in response to these factors . Were added { XE "estres hidrico" } BA y NAA to the culture medium to the induction of shoot multiplication, treatments T6= 44 nM NAA/3.5 ?M BA T10= 54nM NAA/3.5 ?M BA T11= 54nM NAA/4.5 ?M BA T12= 54nM NAA/5.5 ?M BA, were the best functioned, getting the greatest number of shoots for plant from 13 to 25. While the plants were subjected to higher water stress measured by the percentage electrolyte loss, Relative Electrical Conductivity (REC) were those that were subjected to treatments ABA 2 (10 ?M) (REC, 40.45%), ABA 3 (100 ?M) (REC, 46.46 %) and PEG 3 (10%) (REC, 49.14%) coinciding with this by analyzing the samples with gas chromatography (FID) resulting ABA1 y ABA 2 were the treatments that showed the 3 compounds searched tymol, p-cymene and carvacrol, while PEG 3 showed the highest concentration of tymol among all the samples confirming that water stress is one of the factors more importants for the production of essential oils.


A method of forming a crew member (2) of a vehicle, in particular military vehicle, in the vehicle interior, wherein a virtual vehicle external environment is generated, where the crew member (2) having a head fixed, the vehicle interior end of the film camera (6) and a head-fixed, arranged in the field of view of the crew member's display device (6), on which the camera image is displayed, wherein a is arranged in the vehicle interior marker (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) the position of an outlook (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) is defined, and wherein at the position (the outlook 5.1, 5.2, 5.3) (from the position and direction of view of the crew member 2) is displayed dependent section of the virtual vehicle outside environment in the camera image and corresponding vehicle simulator.


The waste butyl rubber can be mainly reclaimed by the use of regenerated rubber and waste rubber powder or activated waste rubber powder. The best application effect can be achieved with regenerated rubber. The regeneration methods and applications were summerized in this paper, the process and mechanism by method of plastification at room temperature were mainly introduced, through the author's experiment some experiences about prepration of waterproofing membrane with regenerated butyl rubber were also introduced.


The invention discloses a method and system for realizing one-card multi-application self-adaptive identification. The method comprises: arranging a card compatible with a Mifare application and a Desfire application in a user terminal, the user terminal communicating with a facility; and when the facility reading the card, the card, according to a facility card searching instruction, determining whether to replace the last four bytes of a seven-byte unique user identification code (UID) with a UID of a Mifare type, and then according to the UID types of the last four bytes, automatically identifying to select the Mifare application or the Desfire application to communicate with the facility. By using the method, system and card provided by the invention, automatic identification of the Desfire application and the Mifare application can be realized during card reading, and identification through adjustment of the facility is avoided, thus the investment cost of a facility equipment manufacturer is lowered.


Representation of history is the most powerful formative factor of historical insights in society in the 20th and 21st century. Currently, there have been a number of films in production which interpret Latvian history, thus raising the profile of issues relating to the portrayal of the history of the cinema. This article conceptualises the discursive differences between historical research and historical films in order to create a basis for further studies of historical films and their adequacy for the research perspective. This article also outlines the historical features of the cinema, as well as the possibility of an alternative historical narrative: a hybridised form of a historical account created by film.


Abstract Reaction of carboxylic acids with aroxy(alcoxy)sulfonylisocyanates allowed the preparation of the corresponding aroxy(alcoxy) N-acylsulfamates. With succinic diacid, the same reaction yielded the corresponding N, N′-diacylsulfamates, whereas the N, N′-disulfonylureas were obtained by reaction of maleic or fumaric diacids.


Today is polling day in the United Kingdom. Voters will decide in the coming hours between Labour and Conservatives, who are neck and neck in the most unpredictable run for Westminster in…


The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has increased dramatically during the last decade, especially in Asian population. The control of hyperglycemia is very important for diabetes patients. Prevention of T2DM should be a major public health goal because of its substantial effect on heath. Treatment of high-risk individuals with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance to prevent T2DM has important medical, economic, social, and human implications. Identifying risk factors affecting transition diabetes is thus very important. Having defined a patient population at high-risk for developing diabetes, the intensive intervention of diet, physical activity, lifestyle modification, and drug therapy (metformin) can substantially affect the delay and prevention of T2DM. Tight glucose control has the potential to reduce the incidence and prevalence of T2DM.


Seattles SHOOK ONES have long grown into their standing as one of melodic hardcore's most engaging and energetic writers and performers. Their new ...


The problems of creating artificial intelligence technologies in the control of service robots are considered. Based on the synthesis of artificial neural networks and associative memory, a neural network model of iterative hetero-associative memory has been developed. This model is designed for recording, storing and processing sensory and control information. A neural network model of the hierarchical intellectual control system of autonomous mobile robots is proposed. This model, based on the available a priori knowledge, is able to function and adapt to changes in external conditions. Keywords—intelligence control system, autonomous mobile robot, artificial neural network, associative memory, knowledge base, OSTIS


Radar emitter identification is state-of-the-art in modern electronic warfare. Presently multistatic architecture is adapted by almost all the radar systems for better tracking performance and accuracy in target detection. Hence, identification and classification of radar emitters operating in the surveillance region are the major problems. To deal with the difficulty of identification of radar emitters in a complex electromagnetic environment, in this work entropy maximization method of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) based on gradient ascent algorithm is proposed. This algorithm separates unknown source signals from the interleaved multi-component radar signals. The discrete source signals are extracted from the multi-component signal by optimizing the entropy where maximum entropy is achieved using a gradient ascent approach through unsupervised learning. As better detection capability and range resolution are achieved by Linear Frequency Modulated (LFM) signals for radar systems here, multicomponent LFM signals with low SNR are considered as the signal mixture from which, the independent sources separated. A mathematical model of the algorithm for entropy maximization is illustrated in this paper. Simulation result validates the effectiveness of the algorithm in terms of time domain separation of the signal, and time-frequency analysis.


The example of Lithuania shows, that using hitherto existing interpretation of inflation criterion in the EU of 27 members has distinct implications for the expansion of the euro area. In the comming years, structural factors, related to the process of catching-up with highly developed European economies, will have significant influence on the inflation rate in the new EU member states from Central Eastern Europe. Since the inception of the euro area, the reference value of the inflation criterion is determined both by the single ECB monetary policy as well as by independent monetary policies of the EU member states outside the euro area. In the enlarged EU this results in a growing divergence between the reference value of the inflation criterion and the euro area inflation rate. The article indicates proposals of changes which would better allow for taking into consideration the dynamics of monetary integration within the EU, yet would not require changes of the Treaty provisions.


The accuracy of Railway Freight Transportation Measurement Safety Monitoring System has great impact on the further application in the transportation.The mistaken alarm of Railway Freight Transportation Measurement Safety Monitoring System was one of the main factors which influenced the accuracy of the System.Based on the principle of Overload and Unbalanced Loading Detecting Device and the data processing procedure of the System,it was found four types of mistaken alarm,analyzed the reasons for those mistaken alarms,thus proposed ways of identifying and measures to reduce the mistaken alarm,which would significantly improve the accuracy of the System.


At the present paper, projects about the radiological characterization of waste and the Greek research reactor components that were carried out at the National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" (NSCR "Demokritos") are presented. Remarkable examples are the radiological characterization of the reactor ion exchange resin waste [1, 2] as well as the characterization of the reactor primary cooling system [3, 4]. Furthermore, the technique for verification of compliance with the clearance limits which was developed for pipes [5] and also the procedure for verification of clearance of an old reactor delay tank segments [6] are mentioned. The estimates of total radioactivity present in materials are derived from non-destructive radiological measurements and in some cases through computational models as well as by sampling and laboratory analyses. 1. Resin waste project The radiological characterization of the ion exchange resin waste of the Greek Research Reactor (GRR-1) aimed at selecting the most cost effective management program with the view of removal from the regulatory control at the proper time: (i) after verification of the general clearance [7, 8] or (ii) in order to be disposed at a landfill. Additionally, it should be stressed, that the full data of resin characterization makes easier the characterization of the research reactor, since these data give the information about the radionuclides of concern inside the primary circuit of the reactor. The ion exchange resin was used for purification of the reactor coolant water at the demineralization co-flow regenerated units. After the end of its useful life, the resin material of total mass 300 kg was stored for one year for radioactivity decay at the reactor premises and then was put in 3 steel drums coated with plastic. Each drum was labelled as regards the year of receipt by the radioactive waste management team. The waste is kept in primary form, in drums, at the radioactive waste interim storage facility of the NCSR "Demokritos. The storage period of resin, until 2011 (the year of decay correction), ranged between 9 to 48 years, thus the short lived radionuclides have been decayed. The dose rate on the surface of the drums ranged between the level of natural background and 4 μSv h -1 . During the life time of resin 15 regeneration procedures were performed. After each regeneration process, about 10 m 3 of slightly acid aqueous liquid waste was produced and collected in a retention tank for decay and monitoring. Then, one sample of 0.5 l was collected and put into a 30 l plastic vessel that was used for accumulation of the composite sample for the specific year. Firstly, the radiological characterization was carried out by collecting samples of primary waste from each of the resin drum and performing analysis by gamma spectrometry. The analysis results indicated that the waste belongs to the classes VLLW and LLW [9]. The activity concentrations are: Ag-108m < 4.70 Bq/g, Cs-137 < 160 Bq/g, Eu-152 < 2 Bq/g, Co-60 < 6 Bq/g. Furthermore, the data of gross beta and gamma spectrometry analysis of liquid waste that was being produced during the


This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Jefferson Digital Commons. The Jefferson Digital Commons is a service of Thomas Jefferson University's Center for Teaching and Learning (CTL). The Commons is a showcase for Jefferson books and journals, peer-reviewed scholarly publications, unique historical collections from the University archives, and teaching tools. The Jefferson Digital Commons allows researchers and interested readers anywhere in the world to learn about and keep up to date with Jefferson scholarship.Operative management of partial-thickness tears of the proximal hamstring muscles in athletes. Abstract Background: Chronic insertional tendinopathy of the hamstring origin represents a challenging clinical problem to the orthopaedist, and can lead to significant impairment of recreational and competitive athletic performance. Non-operative treatment is frequently met with limited success, while there is a paucity of data on the efficacy of surgical management for partial proximal hamstring tears in the setting of tendinopathy.


Long Term Evolution (LTE) of UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access and Radio Access Network is a Fourth Generation wireless broadband technology which is capable of providing backward compatibility with 2G (Second Generation) and 3G (Third Generation) technologies. LTE is able to deliver high data rate and low latency with reduced cost. It uses the frame structure as Time Division Duplexing (TDD) Land Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD). The broadcast channel in LTE is Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) information is divided into two categories one is Master Information Block (MIB) consists of a limited number of the most frequently transmitted parameters essential for initial access to the cell, and is carried on the PBCH and the other System Information Blocks (SIB) at the physical layer are multiplexed together with unicast data transmitted. The main objective of this paper is the realization of receiver architectures for PBCH in LTE considering Single Input Single Output (SISO), Multiple Input Single Output (MISO), Single Input Multi Output (SIMO), and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO). The Receiver processing steps involves as channel de-estimation, demodulation, minimum mean square error (MMSE) and among the received data minimum value is calculated using the comparator at receiver side. By applying the following VLSI DSP methods folding to reduce the number of resource elements required and another method consider to reduce the delay is Super scalar processing method and the results are compared between the direct method, folding method and super scalar method. Based on simulation and implementation, results are discussed in terms of Register Transfer Level (RTL) design, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) editor, power estimation and resource estimation. To simulate all the modules of all PBCH channel Verilog code, Modelsim is used. For synthesis and implementation of the above architecture PlanAhead 13.4 tool on Virtex-5, xc5vlx50tff1136-1 device board is used.


Objective To analyze the chromosome karyotype and telomerase activity of human BMSCs which are used as seed cells for tissue engineering during multi-generation culture. Methods Routine methods were used to fix cells and G-banding technique was applied to analyze the chromosome karyotype of human BMSCs. Also Roche's telomerase PCR-ELISA kit was used to detect the telomerase activity of human BMSCs. Result No abnormal changes the chromosome karyotype and telomerase activity of human BMSCs were detected during multi-generation culture till P10 in vitro. Conclusion The chromosome karyotype and telomerase activity of human BMSCs measured up to the security prescript after multi-generation culture.


We provide a method, based on automata theory, to mechanically prove the correctness of many numeration systems based on Fibonacci numbers. With it, long case-based and induction-based proofs of correctness can be replaced by simply constructing a regular expression (or finite automaton) specifying the rules for valid representations, followed by a short computation. Examples of the systems that can be handled using our technique include Brown's lazy representation (1965), the far-difference representation developed by Alpert (2009), and three representations proposed by Hajnal (2023). We also provide three additional systems and prove their validity.


This study was conducted to investigate whether females based their mate choice on obtaining indirect benefits (i.e., high male genetic quality) or direct benefits (i.e., high male territory quality) in polygynous Oriental Reed Warblers. We examined the characteristics of males chosen by more than two females, and their territories. Males settling earlier tended to establish their territories in areas of dense reed; however, there was no significant difference in reed density between polygynous and monogamous males. The wing and tail lengths of early arriving males were longer than those of late-arriving males, and early arriving males were heavier. However, there were no significant differences in male morphological characteristics between polygynous and monogamous males and bachelors. Interestingly, polygynous males had the most diverse song repertoire (59.20±6.98), followed by monogamous males (53.09±5.09) and bachelors (46.254±1.11). These results suggest that song repertoire, which indicates male quality, is the most important factor affecting mate choice in females of the polygynous Oriental Reed Warbler.


In this research, structural engineering of lanthanum-manganate-based material was studied, starting with material synthesizing La0.7(Ca1-xSrx)0.3MnO3 with variation of x=0; 0.1; 0.2; and 0.3 using the sol-gel method as a microwave material. The effects of Sr substitution on the stucture, size of grain, and microwave-absorbing properties were investigated in detail by various analytical methods. Using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) showed that the sample had single phase and orthorombic structure (space group of Pnma), substitution of Sr2 + ions did not cause changes in structure. Characterized using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) showed change in grain size which increase when given Sr substitution. Characterized using VNA (Vector Network Analyzer) in the 8-12 GHz range shows that the sample La0.7(Ca1-xSrx)0.3MnO3 with x=0 has been able to absorb up to 55.64% microwaves at 10.44GHz. The study concluded the material of La0.7(Ca1-xSrx)0.3MnO3 have a good potential to be a candidate of microwave absorbing materials.


In recent yeam much aaention has been paid to the quantized evolution of the centreof-mass momentum and position of ultracold atoms in light fields. We consider the effects resulting from the quantization of the extemal angular momentum variables. We investigate how spin and orbital angular momentum of light are transferred to internal and extemal angular momenhlm of an atom in dipole and quadrupole h'ansitions.


To compare the outcomes of aorto-coronary bypass grafting and its combination with implantation of cardiac resynchronization devices, 164 patients with severe heart failure and left ventricular dyssynchrony were examined and surgically treated.


Undertaking a molecular course as part of our degree? This app is aimed at students undertaking a Molecular Methods course as part of their Life Science degree programmes at the University of Glasgow, however, students from other Higher education establishments who are carrying out molecular biology practical work may also find it useful.


Introduction Part 1: Why Constitutional Identity and for Whom? 1. The Constitutional Subject: Singular, Plural or Universal? 2. The Constitutional Subject and the Clash of Self and Other: On the Uses of Negation, Metaphor and Metonymy Part 2: Producing Constitutional Identity 3. Reinventing Tradition through Constitutional Interpretation: The Case of Unremunerated Rights in the United States 4. Recasting and Reorienting Identity through Constitution-Making: The Pivotal Case of Spain's 1978 Constitution Part 3: Constitutional Identity as Bridge Between Self and Other: Binding Together Citizenship, History and Society 5. Constitutional Models: Shaping, Nurturing and Guiding the Constitutional Subject 6. Models of Constitution Making 7. The Constitutional Subject and Clashing Visions of Citizenship: Can We be Beyond what We are Not? 8. Can the Constitutional Subject go Global? Imagining a Convergence of the Universal, the Particular and the Singular


Background: To study the dry eye prevalence in patients on chronic antipsychotic therapy.
Methods: 50 patients who were diagnosed of schizophrenia and have been under anti-pschyotic were included.
Results: 17 patients out of 50 patients on anti-psychotic medications for more than 2 years had dry eye disease. Of the 100 eyes evaluated, 30 eyes were found to have dry eye disease. Patients on two drug regimen showed more prevalence of dry eye than on mono drug regimen in our study.
Conclusion: Anti-psychotic drug may induce dry eye syndrome and thus may lead to morphological alterations in corneal parameters through its anticholinergic and antidopaminergic activities.
Keywords: Dry eye, Prevalence, Antipsychotic


Investigations of the cerebellar nuclei and the white matter adjacent to them have been very few in number as compared with many studies of cerebellar function based upon gross extirpation of this organ or upon destruction or stimulation of its cortex. It is well known, however, that the nuclei constitute at least the major source of all efferent cerebellar connections, and the small amount of attention which they have received is by no means commensurate with their importance in cerebellar activity. The difficulty of approaching these nuclei, situated as they are within the interior of the cerebellum, has doubtless been the primary obstacle to their study, but this difficulty has been overcome by several investigators. With the immediate object of investigating the reactivity of the cerebellar nuclei to electrical stimulation, Horsley and Clarke (1) devised their stereotaxic instrument for accurately orienting an electrode within the interior of the brain. Unfortunately their study of the cerebellar nuclei was never completed, and we have only brief and incidental mention of their results (1, 2). At Horsley's invitation this work was continued by Sachs and Fincher (3) but only a preliminary report was made, in which again but brief mention of the results appeared. Some observations of the effect of electrical stimulation of the medial cerebellar nuclei, with the aid of the Horsley-Clarke instrument, have been reported by Mussen (4). In the work of Miller and Laughton (5, 6) on the decerebrate animal, the cerebellar nuclei were electrically stimulated after their exposure by ablating the over-lying cerebellar parts. In the present investigation, the Horsley-Clarke stereotaxic instrument has been employed in the electrical stimulation of the cerebellar nuclei and the territory adjacent to them in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). METHOD. Stimulation of the cerebellum was performed under light nembutal anesthesia (10-19 mgm. per kgm. of body weight) plus supplemental ether added when necessary by means of a tracheal cannula and ether bottle. The animal was suspended untied in a hammock with the limbs hanging free and the head in the freely swinging stereotaxic instru-


| The present study was carried out to investigate the viability of gametes from Asian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) following short-time storage under hatchery condition at room temperature (26–28°C) and at chilled temperature (2–4oC) using a household refrigerator. Eggs stored at refrigeration for 5 min resulted in a drastic reduction of fertilization success (36%) in comparison with those stored at room temperature (86%). Eggs without water have had significantly higher successes of fertilization than those stored with water in both storage conditions. On the other hand, prolonged potency was observed for sperm stored in refrigerator than those kept outside at room temperature. Sperm kept in refrigerator with both water and dextrose solutions were consistently viable for at least 48 hours. At room temperature, however, sperm diluted with dextrose showed comparatively higher fertilization (up to 50 min, 27–98%) than sperm diluted with water (up to 10 min, 25–87%). Similar results were obtained when the whole testis was stored. Sperm–egg contact time experiment showed a quick fusion and it required only a minute to achieve 100% fertilization. The results of this study provide evidence on the short-time storage of catfish sperm that might be of relevance to hatchery operators including, for example, production of quality seeds by sacrificing less numbers of male individuals.


IPv is the next generation Internet protocol. More and more productions supporting IPv have been developed, which makes IPv conformance testing necessary. The test suite specification language is very important for conformance testing. Because the current test suite specification languages such as TTCN can't meet the IPv testing requirements, this paper defines a new formal test suite specification language abbreviated by TSSL. TSSL can describe any test packet and any test behavior needed for IPv testing. TSSL is also appropriate for IPSec testing and has the ability to simulate multiple testers on a single tester. The test platform supporting TSSL has been developed.


In the present work, the closed form solutions for thermo-mechanical response characteristics of cross-ply and static response characteristics angle-ply plates are developed. The laminated composite plates are modelled in an axiomatic framework based on an inverse hyperbolic shear deformation theory (IHSDT). The principle of virtual work is used to obtain the governing differential equations. The governing differential equations are solved separately for cross-ply and angle-ply plates by consideration of stiffness characteristics of these plates. The sinusoidal and uniform transverse mechanical loading is considered with the linear and non-linear variation of temperature field across the thickness of the plate. The composite plates with simply supported boundary conditions are considered and Navier solutions satisfying the associated boundary constraints are developed. Due to the limitation of applicability of closed form solution only to the simply supported case, the laminated plates are modelled in finite element framework using the potential energy approach. The convergence and accuracy of finite element solution is compared with the closed form solution. The thermo-mechanical response characteristics of cross-ply and static response characteristics angle-ply plates under various boundary conditions are investigated and the results are presented in the non-dimensional form. The obtained results are compared with the existing results for a variety of examples and based on this comparison study, the validity, applicability and accuracy of IHSDT for such analysis is ensured. It is observed from the results that IHSDT can be accurately applied for thermo-mechanical responses of laminated composite plates. The effects of span thickness ratio, boundary conditions, material anisotropy ratio, lamination sequence, loading and thermal conditions, and aspect ratio on the thermo-mechanical response characteristics are also concluded.


In recent years, the adoption of third-party libraries is the dominant practice in software development. With a promise of quality and stability of the code, libraries offer an effective and efficient mean for software reuse in software development. Over time, both the system using the libraries and the libraries themselves, evolve and change. Keeping the libraries up to date, could potentially improve performance and reduce costs, but can be a challenging task or cause dependency issues. Library developers preferably want to keep their product up to date with new trends, therefore they constantly change and adapt the library, integrating old methods with the existing code or adding new features. The newer versions of a library provide bug fixes, optimizations and introduce new functionalities. Updating libraries can quickly become a complex task within large systems, especially when they are composed of many libraries and some may be incompatible with each other.


Gas diffusion layer of carbon paper plays the role of supporting catalyst layer,stabilizing the electrode structure and offering the gas-water channel,which is the key component of PEMFC.But the key technology of high performance carbon paper is held by Europe,the United States and other countries,it restricts the development of PEMFC technology in China.The effect of the different ratio of carbon fiber on the paper strength and electrical conductivity were studied,the influence of dispersant on the carbon fiber dispersion was investigated by the absorbance method,resistance detection and deviation of tensile strength.The results showed that the ratio of carbon fiber had a great effect on strength and electrical conductivity of carbon paper,the carbon fiber ratio from 70% to 80% to prepare carbon paper was appropriate.PAAS and CPAM had the same trend on the effect of carbon fiber dispersion,CPAM was relatively better.The analysis results of three detection methods to present the dispersion uniformity were basically identical and credible.


The Karoo is a unique region in South Africa in terms of its ecological processes and endemic species. Large areas are needed to maintain viable populations of nomadic birds that follow erratic rainfall events and subsequent food and nesting resources, as well as ephemeral standing water. Whereas many species are adapted to arid conditions, our trait-based analysis found that an unusually large percentage (almost 45%) of 315 bird species in the semi-arid Karoo region rely on water to some degree. Indeed, some birds may have benefited from human activities to date, such as through the provision of water for livestock. However, this reliance on water makes birds vulnerable to changes in water quality stemming from various industrial developments. Given the large areas of the Karoo under consideration for concessions, the most noteworthy of these is hydraulic fracturing for shale gas, which results in a large quantity of waste water ('produced water') that contains a wide variety of chemicals, including petroleum byproducts. Given the negative impacts of secondary waste water on wildlife in other parts of the world where shale-gas exploration is being undertaken, careful attention must be given to preventing access to such produced water by an estimated 60 to 141 species of birds that make use of the water in the Karoo.


Polypropylene and polyethylene were coated with alpha-Chymotrypsin (a-CT) or subtilisin Carlsberg (SubC) or Burkholderia cepacia lipase (lipase BC) by different immobilization procedures, such as physical adsorption and covalent linking. This latter procedure was based on the chemical functionalization of the plastic surface by oxygen gas plasma treatment. Immobilization of the enzyme was carried out by using as cross-linking agent i) glutaraldehyde (GA) or ii) N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The effects of duration of the plasma treatment and the type of the immobilization procedure on the transesterification activity of the enzyme were investigated. In general polypropylene resulted a better support than polyethylene. Moreover, a-CT showed higher transesterification activity when immobilized with GA, while for SubC, DIC and NHS were better cross-linking agents than GA. No activity was observed with these enzymes when immobilization was carried out by physical adsorption. On the contrary, lipase BC immobilized by physical adsorption was even more active than the free enzyme. Concerning thermal stability, immobilized SubC was less stable than the free enzyme. Overall, these results show that plastics endowed with biocatalytic properties could be obtained by simple immobilization protocols and that optimal immobilization conditions depend on the type of starting plastic, plasma treatment, cross-linking method, and the nature of the enzyme.


Nanoscale TiO2 photocatalysts are widely used for biomedical applications, self-cleaning processes and wastewater treatments. The impregnation/deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles is indispensable for facile handling and separation as well as the improvement of their photocatalytic performance. In the present study, ordered mesoporous COK-12 silica thin platelets with a high-aspect-ratio and rough surfaces are demonstrated as a potential nanoporous support for homogeneous TiO2 nanoparticle coatings with high loading up to 16.7 wt%. The photocatalytic composite of COK-12 platelets and TiO2 nanoparticles is characterized in detail by HRSEM, SAXS, XRD, N2 physisorption analysis, solid-state UV-vis spectroscopy, HAADF-STEM, EDX analysis, and electron tomography. HAADF-STEM-EDX and electron tomography studies reveal a homogeneous dispersion of nanosized TiO2 nanoparticles over COK-12 platelets. The final composite material with anatase TiO2 nanoparticles that demonstrate a blueshifted semiconductor band gap energy of 3.2 eV coated on a highly porous COK-12 support shows exceptional photocatalytic catalytic activity for photodegradation of organic dyes (rhodamine 6G and methylene blue) and an organic pollutant (1-adamantanol) under UV light radiation, outperforming the commercial P25 TiO2 (Degussa) catalyst.


The MCF10A human breast epithelial cell lineage includes the benign MCF10A cells, premalignant cells (MCF10AT, MCF10ATG3B) and malignant MCF10CA1a tumor cells. The premalignant and tumor cells recapitulate the progressive alterations associated with the temporal development of PBD and carcinoma. Ras protein levels were elevated by 6.9‐, 22.4‐ and 32.2‐fold in 10AT, 10ATG3B and 10CA1a cells, respectively, relative to 10A cells. K‐Ras was not detected, N‐Ras levels were unchanged; Rac and Rho levels increased in 10CA1a tumor cells. Phospho‐phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, phosphoinositide‐dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), phospho‐PDK1, phospho‐eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and phospho‐eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E‐BP1) levels progressively increased in the cell lineage, with the greatest increase monitored in 10CA1a tumor cells. Phospho Ser 473 and Thr 408 Akt levels increased 10.2‐ and 136‐fold in 10CA1a cells, respectively, relative to 10A cells. Phospho‐p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) increased >2‐fold in 10CA1a cells, relative to 10A cells. Immunohistochemistry confirmed Ras, phospho‐Akt and phospho‐p70S6K (Thr 421/ Ser 424) expression in lesions arising from premalignant and tumor cells. FOXO 1, phospho‐FOXO 1 and phospho‐FOXO 4 were significantly elevated in 10ATG3B premalignant and 10CA1a tumor cells. Phospho‐FOXO 3a was progressively elevated, with the greatest levels detected in 10CA1a tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that phospho‐FOXO 1, 3a and 4 staining was less in benign lesions, but elevated in advanced 10ATG3B and malignant 10CA1a lesions, showing a correspondence between the cells and lesions. Hence, phospho‐Akt and phospho‐FOXO 1, 3a and 4 merit consideration as biomarkers of tumorigenic risk from hyperplastic breast tissue. © 2009 UICC


Thank you for downloading vietnam the secret war. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite books like this vietnam the secret war, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their computer. vietnam the secret war is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the vietnam the secret war is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Background and Aims: Mappia (Icacinaceae) is a genus comprising four species inhabiting Mesoamerica and the Greater Antilles. In the most recent phylogenetic analysis based on morphological data, three species, representing a continental clade (Mappia longipes, M. mexicana and M. multiflora) sister to the Antillean species M. racemosa, were supported. Our aims in this study were to evaluate whether environmental data support the previous hypothesis in Mappia entities.
Methods: In this study, we use ecological niche analysis (environmental niche modeling and niche divergence/conservatism tests) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to test the previous morphological hypothesis at species and infraspecific level.
Key results: Ecological differentiation between M. multiflora distributed from southeast Mexico to Costa Rica and M. racemosa occurring in Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico (Greater Antilles) was found, but not between the infraspecific taxa within the Antilles (M. racemosa var. brachycarpa, and M. racemosa var. racemosa).
Conclusions: Our study brings an important signal of the ecological divergence between closely related species, but with disjunct patterns of distribution.


Teachers are often ill-prepared to manage classrooms in urban schools. In the present study, an empirically-based behavioral management strategy, the Good Behavior Game (Game), was investigated. The effects of the Game on student behavior and teacher response statements, including praise, were examined. A teacher with 22 students in a first grade classroom of an urban elementary school participated in implementation of the Game. Using a withdrawal design, results showed that student on-task behavior increased while disruptive behavior decreased, replicating previous findings. The number of teacher praise statements remained at near zero levels across conditions. Frequency of teacher neutral and negative statements varied with the level of student disruptive behavior. Teacher praise and limitations are discussed.


【Objective】 To observe the contents change of zinc,ferrum,calcium,magnesium,copper,lead,manganese and selenium in blood of children with asthma,and explore significance in pathogenesis.【Method】 1 986 children with asthma were selected as observing group and 856 normal children were randomly chosen as control.Serum zinc,ferrum,calcium,magnesium,copper,lead,manganese and selenium were detected and compared between the two groups.【Results】 Serum zinc,ferrum and calcium in the asthma group were obviously lower than those in the control group,and serum lead in the asthma group was obviously higher than that in the control group(P0.05).There were no significance differences between the two groups of serum copper,magnesium,selenium,manganese(P all0.05).Asthma in an acute attack,blood content of zinc,calcium were lower than those in remission(P0.05).【Conclusion】 Microelement zinc,ferrum and calcium deficiency and increased lead plays an important role in the occurrence and development process of children asthma,which may be an important reason for immune function reduction and immune regulation disturbance.More attention should be paid to the relationship between microelement in blood and the prevention and the cure of excessive lead when we treat the children with asthma.


The page is defined as a textual support, whether the text be present or virtual. This phenomenon is not specific to our book- and alphabet-based civilization. The very invention of writing rests on an original means of exploiting the space inaugurated by the image, and on the questions raised by that particular kind of space. By calibrating and structuring this space, soothsayers established the laws of a system of signs specific to visual communication – divine visual communication – which was also capable of transcribing human language. Far from being the origin of writing, counting, on the other hand, was only developed and refined by being integrated into the page's space.