U N E M P L O Y M E N T C O M P E N S A T I O N i n this country represents payment for a p a r t of the wage loss suffered dur ing unemployment . A n unemployed worker , except i n the D i s t r i c t of Co lumbia , receives a weekly benefit based only on his past wages, and f a m i l y responsibilities p lay no p a r t i n the determinat ion of benefit r ights . I n the D i s t r i c t , f r om $1 to $3 a week is added to the benefit amount i f the worker has certain specified dependents. I t is significant, however, t h a t d u r i n g the past 3 years more than a dozen bills re lat ing to dependents' allowances were introduced i n the legislatures of M a r y l a n d , M i c h i g a n , N e w Y o r k , and Oregon. 1 The N e w Y o r k State Adv isory Counci l has recommended dependents' allowances. A M i c h i g a n b i l l p rov id ing such benefits lacked only a few votes for enactment i n February 1942. T h e W a g n e r M u r r a y D i n g e l l b i l l (S. 1161 and H . R . 2861) includes provisions for payment of dependents' benefits for the short term risks of unemployment and temporary d isabi l i ty as wel l as for the longterm risks of old-age and permanent d isab i l i ty . Because of th is interest i n dependents' al lowances, the Delaware employment security agency undertook a survey of the number and characteristics of c la imants ' dependents i n December 1941 and of the relationship between benefits and fami ly responsibi l ity. A l t h o u g h data on fami ly responsibi l it ies were available f rom the decennial census, the N a t i o n a l H e a l t h Survey, and the F a m i l y Composit ion Study , there were no accurate data on dependents of unemployment compensation claimants. The Delaware s tudy was intended to determine whether the c la imant group differs i n composition f rom the populat ion at large and to w h a t extent the existing benefit formula reflects f ami ly responsibilities. Since the s tudy was carried on against a background of discussion of specific proposals for the inclusion of dependents' benefits i n unemployment compensation, i t was designed to throw some light on the issues involved i n these discussions. One major policy question concerns the types of dependents t h a t should be included. Definitions of dependents i n the bil ls mentioned above vary widely . Some declare merely t h a t benefits shall bo payable w i t h respect to "dependents . " Since, however, the most common provision l imi ts the definition of dependents to wives and children, the fol lowing analysis gives part icular attent ion to these dependents. A t the same t ime, recognition of the fact t h a t there are other classes of persons dependent on claimants suggested the desirability of obta in ing comprehensive in format ion on the whole question of f a m i l y responsibilities of claimants.


ABSTRACT As part of a national survey on social workers' attitudes toward immigrants and immigration (N=4,499), we collected information on respondents' perceptions of immigrants as threats and respondents' views on structural inequality as it pertains to immigrants' opportunities for success. Contrary to the Council on Social Work Education's Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards stating the need for social workers to understand the existence and functioning of structural forces of inequality, nearly a third of our respondents denied that immigrants are disadvantaged compared to U.S.-born citizens, and more than a third denied that disadvantage is related to race, ethnicity, or national origin. Those who denied disadvantage were more likely than those who did not to see immigrants as threats. We provide interpretations for these findings and offer some recommendations for social work research and education geared toward deepening practitioners' knowledge of the structural barriers faced by immigrants.


This paper defines a formal model that organizes agents into a social hierarchal structure so that they can easily communicate and negotiate. It also delineates the main algorithms agents can employ in order to achieve reliable levels of connectivity within the society. This paper also outlines an e-commerce application, which implements the discussed underlying theoretical model.


Broad spectral losses near 800 nm have been identified which arise concurrently with the formation of type 1 single-pulse fiber Bragg gratings. The losses can be reduced 7-fold with 640 nm light while minimally affecting Bragg reflectivity.


The present work introduces an origin of sensing function of polyelectrolyte-coated colloids based onTb(III) complexes with calix[4]resorcinarene cavitand bearing four 1,3-diketone groups at the upperrim. The Tb(III)-centered luminescence of the colloids remains unchanged at pH 3–9, although theTb(III) complexes are highly pH-dependent in DMF solutions. Both colloidal and luminescent proper-ties of the colloids are stable within one month at least, which reveals stability of complex-based hardnanotemplates and soft polyelectrolyte deposition. The chelating substrates (catechol, tetracycline andfluoroquinolone derivatives)inducequickandreproducibleluminescentresponseofthecomplex-basedcolloids without any detectable changes of their colloidal properties. The ternary complex formation atthe interface of the colloids is the reason for their luminescent response on the substrates in aqueoussolutions. BoththeinsolubilityoftheTb(III)-containingcoresandtheshieldingand/orbuffereffectofthepolyelectrolyte coating affect the interfacial complex formation, which results in more selective lumi-nescent response of the colloids on the tetracycline and fluoroquinolone antibiotics in comparison withthe complexes in solutions.© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Purpose – This article seeks to provide a conceptual model that explains the complexity of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system to general and project managers in a non‐technical manner that is easily understood.Design/methodology/approach – The 4Ps business model serves as a starting‐point to derive the ERP model because most managers are familiar with it and can therefore relate to it with ease. An ERP system is divided into four major components, namely, the software, the customer mindset, change management, and the flow of processes within it. A fifth component, methodology, encircles these four components to ensure that they are integrated and implemented in an organised manner.Findings – ERP is more than just software. Unless a clear understanding exists of the different components and their integration, ERP projects will continue to be plagued by failure. This model is applicable to any ERP system as it is generic and vendor‐independent and helps in determining the scope of an ERP project.R...


The invention relates to a partitioning dust removing system with an auxiliary vibrating dust removing function. The partitioning dust removing system comprises a solar cell panel and a glass protection layer. A vibrator is arranged on one side of the solar cell panel, the lower surface of the glass protection layer is divided into a plurality of dust removing regions, a plurality of parallel electrodes are installed on the dust removing regions respectively, the ends of the electrodes are connected with a switcher, the switcher is connected with a high-voltage switch, the high-voltage switch is electrically connected with a high-voltage switching module, and the high-voltage switching module supplies electricity through a high-voltage power supply module. A power detecting module is connected to the output end of the solar cell panel, the power detecting module transmits detected power data to a DSP real-time data processing module, the DSP real-time data processing module is connected with the high-voltage switching module through an intelligent control module, and the output end of the intelligent control module is further connected with the vibrator. The partitioning dust removing system has the advantages of being low in dust removing efficiency and good in dust removing effect.


Non-dormancy culture is a cultural model, which prevents the onset of dormancy of deciduous fruit trees with dormant nature and promotes the next growth cycle to commence. Restriction of vegetative growth to ensure flower initiation, defoliation to prevent the onset of dormancy, stimulation of adequate and uniform budburst, and avoidance of secondary dormancy are essential for success of non-dormancy culture. Factors of inducing dormancy, determining the stage of flower initiation and dormancy development, the methods of avoiding dormancy and stimulating adequate and uniform budburst, the growth and development of tree and the cultural management, the cause of secondary dormancy and the methods of avoidance of secondary dormancy, and the breeding of non-dormant cultivars are the critical points for non-dormancy culture.


Effect of organic additives on the dynamic behavior of surfactant in solution was studied using the maximum bubble pressure method. Dynamic surface tension of solution of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) was measured at different concentrations with various additives. Additives such as lauric acid diethanol amide (LDEA), cocoamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), lauryl amido propyl betaine (LAPB), and lauryl amido propyl amine oxide (LAPAO) were employed for this study. The concentration of surfactant mixture needed to reduce surface tension to the defined quantity within the time available for adsorption is compared.


An electrical power system is a large-scale system for which voltage control is of a significant concern for the dispatchers. For the purpose of voltage control, such a system can be partitioned into smaller size control regions. This means adapting the traditional power system to a more reliable and smart system able to cope with random and sudden load variations and disturbances. This paper investigates a decentralized neural network secondary voltage control. A number of representative buses are labeled as pilot buses displaying the critical point for voltage control in each region. The control uses decentralized neural network controllers which are attached to these pilot buses to eliminate steady-state voltage violations. The methodology is applied to the IEEE 118-bus network. The results show the performance and ability of partitioning and neural network secondary voltage control to regulate the voltage and to avoid propagation of disturbances between regions.


This article, a continuation of [HRo], constructs the Satake parameter for any irreducible smooth J-spherical representation of a p-adic group, where J is any parahoric subgroup. This parametrizes such representations when J is a special maximal parahoric subgroup. The main novelty is for groups which are not quasi-split, and the construction should play a role in formulating a geometric Satake isomorphism for such groups over local function fields.


University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. May 2010. Major: Natural Resources Science & Management. 1 computer file (PDF); x, 169 pages. Ill., maps (some col.)


Many workers have studied the migration of insects (see Johnson 1969), but few have attempted to place their observations into a regional and climatic perspective. In Australia, the cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) is the most important vector of Subterranean Clover Stunt Virus (SCSV) to crop and pasture legumes. Its long-range migratory behaviour in Australia was first reported by Johnson (1957) who observed that large populations developed during the spring of certain years on medic (Medicago spp.) on the inland plains of north-central New South Wales (N.S.W.) and were blown eastward toward the coast on north-westerly winds. The reasons for the build-up of the cowpea aphid during certain years in that area are unknown. Hughes et al. (1964, 1965) and O'Loughlin (1963) conducted aphid trapping experiments over a wide area of southeast Australia, but derived few useful generalities. This paper examines the climatic limits for the development of cowpea aphid populations in south-east Australia, relating its migration and colonization to climate. Gutierrez, Morgan & Havenstein (1971) studied the ecology of the cowpea aphid in the temperate pasture regions of south-east Australia and found that aphid populations developed only in those areas where suitable conditions occurred for both the plant and the aphid. Pastures in this area are influenced by availability of moisture, while aphids do not survive during periods of ground-frost. By using a model of the aphid's population biology, Gutierrez et al. (1974) showed that the southern pasture areas were marginal for the aphid because the season was too short for the development of large populations. When, however, the attributes of a subtropical climate and host plant were incorporated into the model, the output suggested that the cowpea aphid could be an efficient migratory species. The results conformed to the hypotheses of Dingle (1972), who used static life-table parameters to demonstrate the biological attributes required by successful migrants.


Salt accumulation in the plastic film house soils under continuous cultivation condition causes problems such as salt damages to plants, nitrate accumulation in vegetables, groundwater contamination, etc. due to excess application of fertilizers. Objective of this research was to find an optimum adsorbent to reduce salt concentration in the soil solution of plastic film house soils, where crop injuries have been observed due to the salt accumulation. The soils were significantly high in available P , exchangeable Ca and Mg , as compared to those of the average upland soils in Korea. Soils were treated with each of adsorbent such as ion-exchange resin, zeolite, rice bran, etc. at 2% level and prepared into saturated-paste samples. After equilibrium, soil solution was vacuum-extracted from the soil and measured for changes of the pH, EC, and concentrations of . Rice bran effectively removed in the soil solution up to 100%. Efficiency was decreased in the orders of rice bran > ion-exchange resin > zeolite. Removal efficiencies of zeolite and ion-exchange resin for were ranged from 1 to 65% and from 7 to 61%, respectively. Ion-exchange resin was also effective for removing . Overall results demonstrated that rice bran and ion-exchange resin could be applicable for salt accumulated soil to remove the respective anion and cation.


"The financing of government in the South presents an important field of study. The needs in relation to sources of revenue are greater in the South than in other parts of the nation. The South has relied heavily on the property tax to meet these needs, but it has also experimented widely with other forms of taxation. It has depended on federal grants to a great extent, though it has had difficulty in meeting certain conditions set up for some of these grants. The whole subject of government finance needs to be further studied and the experiences of the various states in the area need to be compared and contrasted. Materials will be found in state reports, in the reports of federal agencies which distribute grants-in-aid, and in the findings cf various groups which have studied the general problem, as, for example, the Advisory Committee on Education which reported to the President in 1939, and the Committee on Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations set up by the Department of the Treasury." Much of the foregoing comment by a group of Southern political scientists with special reference to the Southern region is equally applicable to states in other sections of the country. It has often been alleged that the American tax system, in so far as it may be called a system at all, is a survival of the horse-and-buggy age. The thousands of small local taxing jurisdictions existing throughout the country—some 165,000 of them—are striking evidence of our antiquated methods of levying and collecting taxes. In Pennsylvania alone—and many other states are in a worse condition—there are approximately 5,200 local units of government, half of them school districts, and all of them with the power to tax and to incur debt.


The current study aims to gauge the magnitude of the effect the pandemic has had on Rheumatology training (including the effect on clinical, academic and research training) in India, their physical, mental and social wellbeing during the pandemic and the perceived changes in Rheumatology training and care during the pandemic from the trainee's view1.To asses the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the training of Rheumatology Residents (DM, DNB and Fellows)2.Understand the issues faced by trainees and the extent of affection.Study design: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study using an online survey sent to rheumatology trainees in India.Sample: Convenience sampling was used, so the sample size was not calculated.Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Rheumatology trainees from India including DM/DNB residents and fellows with the ability and desire to complete the survey were included.Data collection and instruments: The link to the survey was sent to the rheumatology trainees through social media platforms like WhatsApp, Telegram and email.Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics were performed by calculating measures of central tendency for quantitative variables and using counts and percentages for qualitative and nominal variables.A total of 78 trainees from 24 institutes in 12 states participated in the study. Mean age of the participants was 31 with 70% of trainees being male and 30 % females. 56 (70%) participants were DM students, 15 (19%) participants were DNB students, 5 fellowship students and 2 Non- academic Senior Residents. An overwhelming majority of residents (84%) felt COVID-19 Pandemic Negatively impacted their residency and their Physical (65%), Mental(74%) and Social wellbeing (80%). 79% of trainees felt burnt-out due to the pandemic. Majority of trainee felt the pandemic negatively impacted their training with clinical teaching(91%), Clinical examination skill (74%), current(80%) and future(70%) research opportunities suffered during the pandemic. Most residents felt diminution and significant reduction of the overall footfall(99% & 72%) of patients in rheumatology including OPD(100% & 77%) and indoor(99% & 67%) admissions along with academics(85% & 35%), procedures(97% & 66%) and exposure to musculoskeletal ultrasound(96% & 71%). Almost 60% and 40% of trainees had their OPDs and indoor admissions stopped during COVID-19 pandemic of these 20% had their OPDs and Admissions closed for more than 6 months. 85% of the participants had one or the other psychological symptoms with almost half experiencing anxiety(44%), low mood(47%) or lack of sleep(41%); 85% were concerned about their family members being infected and 40% lost a close relative to COVID. 91% of the trainee were posted in COVID-duties 2/3rd of them in ICUs, 50% being posted for 1-3 months and 20% more than 3 months, a quarter of trainees got infected during their duties (COVID and Non-COVID) and though most had asymptomatic to mild COVID, 15% still had moderate to severe COVID. Teleconsultation was started by more than half of the respondents after COVID related lockdowns with greater than half not being happy with teleconsultations.The COVID-19 Pandemic has completely altered the status quo for rheumatology trainees and has affected their physical, social and mental wellbeing. Academic and clinical training has reduced, Current and future Research has become difficult, disruptions in OPDs and Admissions, recurrent COVID postings and reduction in patient footfall, Procedures and MSK-US have been detrimental to trainees.[1]Chandwar K, Dixit J, Kishor K, Ekbote D,Dogga P. COVID‑19 anniversary – The hits, the misses, and the wayforward: A resident's view. Indian J Rheumatol 2021; 10.4103/injr.injr_97_21None declared


Photon emission from a metal surface (Au and Pt) induced by electron-transfer reactions was observed in an electrolyte solution containing solvated electrons. The quantum efficiency \ensuremath{\Phi} increases as the electrode potential ${\mathit{U}}_{\mathit{w}}$ becomes positive. The high-energy threshold of the spectrum, ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{th}}$, increases linearly with increasing ${\mathit{U}}_{\mathit{w}}$ at the rate of 1 eV/V. The relaxation energy of solvated electrons in the electrolyte solution is estimated from the values of ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{th}}$ and ${\mathit{U}}_{\mathit{w}}$. The peak energy ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{p}}$ of the spectrum also increases as ${\mathit{U}}_{\mathit{w}}$ becomes positive although the magnitude of the shift is much smaller than that of ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{th}}$. ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{p}}$ and the low-energy threshold ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{l}}$ of the spectrum are metal dependent. The emitted-photon spectra are simulated by considering the transition between bulk band states of the metal while ignoring k-vector conservation. The simulated results are compared with experiment and the validity of this model is discussed.


THE SETTING NEPAL IS A SMALL, INDEPENDENT KINGDOM, lying astride the backbone of the Himalayas in Central Asia. One hundred miles wide, five hundred long, she serves as a buffer between India on the south and Tibet (now part of Communist China) on the north. Her terrain is rugged: along the Indian border there are dense jungles; in the middle band there are hundreds of valleys surrounded by two-mile high foothills; in the north is the Tundra region of the high Himalayas and the high peaks. The country has been sliced into sectors north and south by several major river systems which have cut deep gorges, and with their various tributaries have compounded, even more than the mountains, the problems of transportation. In spite of these obstacles, the people have built an extensive network of trails during the past I,ooo years, but there are still less than 300 miles of jeepable roads in an area of 55,000 square miles. Since many of the trails have no permanent bridges across the rivers, transportation (and communications) virtually ceases for about three months during the summer monsoon period. In 1952, it took as long as thirty days to travel from the capital to some parts of the kingdom. Now, thanks to a dozen landing strips hacked out of the mountain sides and some war-surplus Dakotas, the time has been shortened to 5-10 days for most areas, and fifteen for a place like Namche Bazaar at the foot of Mt. Everest. Furthermore, two-way radio communication sets are being installed at the thirty-two district headquarters villages. Nepal has a rural economy. Of her 28,000 villages and towns, only six have more than 0,000ooo people; 96 per cent of them have less than 500. Ninety-three per cent of her labour


The irreversible two-electron electrochemical reductions of several quadrivalent sulphur(IV) dilactones to dianions of 2,2′-thiodibenzoic acid derivatives and the anodic oxidations of the latter species in acetonitrile are reported.


The quantitative evidence on whether extractive industries generate economic wealth at the local level is far from conclu sive. In line with recenL studies highlighting the moderating role of institutions and governance structures in the resource development nexus, we argue that the effect of mining on local economic well-being is largely driven by different control right5 regimes. 'Ne claim t.hat domeslic mineral production stimula1.es local income more than inl.ernationally controlled ex traction, since national mining companies promote more backward economic linkages and have higher incentives to engage in local capacity building. To lest our micro-level arguments, we combine information on districts' economic well-being as weil as individual's assessments of their personal economic situation "~lh our own dataset on the control rights of copper, gold, and diamond mines. Relying on these data, we perform disu·ict-and individual-level analyses of sub-Saharan Africa covering the period from 1997 to 2015. Our instrumental vaiiable estimations and fixed effects models show that the presence of domestic mining companies is associated with increased local wealth. Multinational firms, by contrast, are linked lO increased regional unemployment. They largely fail to promote subnalional economic well-being.


A. V. Glushkov , Ya. I. Lepikh, S. V. Ambrosov, O. P. Fedchuk, O. Yu. Khetselius, A. V. Ignatenko Abstract. A numerical calculation of the DC Stark effect for hydrogen and sodium atoms and Wannier-Mott excitons in an external uniform DC electric field is carried out within the opera- tor perturbation theory method. New adequate model for description of the unique especialitites in the photoionization spectra of the hydrogenic atoms is proposed. It is found that the Stark shift for the n=2 state of excitons in the Cu 2 O semiconductor (yellow series) at the electric field strength 600 V/cm results in — 3,1 10 -4 eV which agrees well with experimental data of Gross et al. It is in- dicated also that the analogous unique especialitites may possibly take a place in the Wannier-Mott excitons spectra near the threshold boundary.


The main aim of Music Recommendation System is to give proper meaningful suggestion to person for specific items based on users mood and interest towards particular items, MRS has seen a boom in recent years. The two most popular recommendation algorithms: 1) Content-Based Filtering and 2) Collaborative Filtering. The ContentBased method recommends music based on the user data, In Collaborative method we use rating and sharing of content between different users to recommend music. We take help to provide the music recommendation by contentbased method music subjective features are like the Speechiness, loudness and Acoustiness etc. are analyzed. Cold-start is the most common problem for new users. Here, most popular tracks are recommended to users to solve it.


In this paper,the flocculant of cationic polyacrylamide(CPAM)and coagulant polyaluminum chloride(PAC)were used in coagulation treatment process of organic pigment wastewater.The effects of CPAM used alone or in combination with PAC were studied.The effects of combined CPAM with PAC treatment were excellent.The results showed that the turbidity removal rate reached 97.56% when the initial pH value of wastewater was 7 and the dosage of CPAM and PAC were 10mg/L and 150mg/L,respectively.


At present,ecological environment and energy security have become the biggest challenges of the sustainable development.In order to reduce our dependence on oil and emissions that casue of global warming,all the countries in the world are all searching for alternate energy sources.Bioenergyis a precious renewable energy that has economic,social and environmental effects.And it is an important approach to the diversity of energy strategy and also a good substitute.But biofuels especially taking food as raw material generates worldwide controversy.Biofuel industry affects food security through three channels:1.Competes with food on using agricultural natural resources,indirectly affects the output and quality of food;2.Directly increases food demand and price;3.Enhances the productive efficiency of agricultural and relevant departments,adjusts the employment structure and income level and promote rural development.On this basis,this paper provides countermeasures on coordinated development between biofuel industry and food security.Firstly,pursue both food and energy security through an integrated approach;Secondly,promote the environmental anf social sustainability of biofuel industry;Finally,strengthen the participation of small farmers in biofuel industry and make farmer share the profits of biofuel industry Chain.


Objective:To study the inhibition effect of synthetic peptide RGDV on the growth and angiogenesis of hamster buccal-pouch carcinoma and to investigate the antitumor mechanism of RGDV. Methods: Hamster buccal-pouch carcinogenesis model was established in 32 hamsters by topical application of 5 g/L DMBA in left buccal pouch three times per week for 12 weeks. The effects of RGDV on the growth of carcinoma were investigated. 5-bromo-2' -deoxyuridine (BrdU) and von Willebrand factor-VIII (vWF-VIII) expressions were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Results:RGDV inhibited tumor growth. The tumor growth inhibition rate was 53.36%. The expression of micro-vascular density (MVD) was significantly downregulated. Conclusion:RGDV shows anti-tumor effects by inhibiting proliferation and angiogenesis of carcinoma.


In this paper, new parameters of Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) for edge detection of image are proposed. In conventional methods, two kinds of edge parameters, which detect horizontal and vertical direction edges, are introduced. In the proposed method, other four kinds of edge parameters are introduced for more accurate edge detection.


: With the rapid development of information and economy,the traditionary enterprise information system is hard to cope with the changes of environment.This paper first simply introduces the architecture of CORBA,and then summarizes the process of designing information system based on CORBA.According to an application the authors have done,the enterprise information system based on CORBA is proved to have the abilities of transplantable,integrated and flexible.


A method based on RP-HPLC with indirect UV detection was developed for the determination of Vildagliptin in pharmaceutical dosage form. Vildagliptin is a potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor used for treatment of diabetes. Reverse phase separation was obtained within 4 min and was linear in the range of 50–90 µg/mL (r 2 = 0.999). Separation was performed on a C18 column using a mixture of pH 8.2 buffer, acetonitrile and methanol as the mobile phase along with indirect UV detection at 254 nm. The retention time was found to be Rt = 3.9 ± 0.1 mins. The validation of this method included determination of its specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, LOD, LOQ, and robustness. The LOD was 2.98 g/m and The LOQ was 9.94 g/mL for Vildagliptin. The proposed method was successfully applied for the quantitative analysis of VLG in tablet dosage form, which will help to improve quality control and contribute to stability studies of pharmaceutical tablets containing this drug.


Key messages  Dairy farming is an important enterprise for income generation, food security and soil fertility.  Increasing dairy productivity requires adequate supply of quality feed in smallholder farms which requires the use of high yielding and of quality forages that can maximize productivity per unit area.  Napier grass is the most widely established and adopted grass in dairy production in TZ and other ECA countries.  Napier gave yields of 48 to 82 tons of dry matter / ha /year under good agronomic and management practices.  Surplus fodder can be conserved and be used when there is feed shortage and maintain milk supply.  Conserved fodder could be sold at profitable price. Opportunities to invest and scale  Deliberate effort to creating awareness and capacity building to all stakeholders on fodder production as an enterprise to generating incomes by both public and private sector  Assured availability of quality forage all year around require participation of all key stakeholders, at each level; forage production, consumption and marketing.  Private sector have shown ability to design forage technologies that are labour saving and gender sensitive such as wooden and motorized forage choppers  Private sector have potential to validate and disseminate recommended proven good forage technologies e.g. hay making; silage making;  Strengthening forage seed system and assurance of quality forage planting material need involvement of both public sector and private sector.


The recently undertaken Space Exploration Initiative has prompted a renewed interest in techniques for characterizing the surface and shallow subsurface (0-10s of meters depth) of the Moon. There are several reasons for this: First, there is an intrinsic scientific interest in the subsurface structure. For example the stratigraphy, depth to bedrock, density/porosity, and block size distribution all have implications for the formation of, and geological processes affecting the surface, such as sequential crater ejecta deposition, impact gardening, and seismic settling. In some permanently shadowed craters there may be ice deposits just below the surface. Second, the geotechnical properties of the lunar surface layers are of keen interest to future mission planners. Regolith thickness, strength, density, grain size and compaction will affect construction of exploration infrastructure in terms of foundation strength and stability, ease of excavation, radiation shielding effectiveness, as well as raw material handling and processing techniques for resource extraction.


Introduction: Pilonidal sinus is a chronic inflammatory condition which includes penetration of hair fragments into the skin. It rarely occurs in areas other than sacrococcygeal region.


It is expected that robots will be widely exposed to humans in the near future. Emotional communication is very important in human-robot interaction, as well as human- human interaction. Facial expression is an emotional expression method between humans, and it also enables human to recognize a robot's emotional state. Although there are lots of previous research regarding facial expressions, it is not easily applicable to different shapes of robot faces, if the number and types of the robot's control points are varied. In addition, the natural connection between emotions has not been considered or has been inefficiently implemented in previous research. In this paper, we propose a linear dynamic affect-expression model for continuous change of expression and diversifying characteristics of expressional changes. Therefore, the proposed model allows a robot's facial expression and expression changes to more closely resemble those of humans, and this model is applicable to various mascot-type robots irrespective of the number and types of robot's control points.


INTRODUCTION Microdamage formation occurs in trabecular bone in vivo, and is considered an important aspect of bone quality. Microcrack length is self-limiting under monotonic loading, 3,4 but cracks propagated when the applied loading mode was changed. Clinically, such changes in loading mode can be interpreted as loading due to a fall or other abnormal load. In addition, microcracks are more common in bone with deteriorated architecture, suggesting that damage formation may be enhanced in diseased trabecular bone. If damage initiation and propagation are enhanced in diseased bone, it could further exacerbate the decrease in toughness with architectural deterioration. Ovariectomized sheep have been used as a model of osteoporosis 7,8 and provide a means to investigate osteopenic vs. normal trabecular bone while eliminating many confounding effects of lifestyle, genetics, and age. Ovariectomy results in compromised architecture and mechanical properties, which may enhance microdamage susceptibility. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of architectural deterioration from osteopenia on microdamage initiation and propagation. Specifically, the aims were to: 1) induce damage in trabecular bone samples in compression; 2) propagate the damage by loading in shear; and 3) quantify the microdamage formation and propagation using fluorescence microscopy to determine their dependence on disease state and architectural measures.


This paper investigates the recirculation channel with an addition of bleeding channels located on shroud surface of recirculation channel in the rotor domain, where the bleeding system consists of 36 channels distributed on the recirculation channel. This study focuses on its effects on aerodynamic performance of a single-stage transonic axial compressor, NASA Stage 37. Validation of numerical results was performed using experimental data for a single-stage transonic axial compressor. A parametric study with only three position of the bleeding channels were performed in a single-stage transonic axial compressor, NASA Stage 37. The numerical results showed the aerodynamic performance of a single-stage transonic axial compressor was increased, such as total pressure ratio, adiabatic efficiency, stall margin as compared to the smooth casing. R C


The fouling reasons of PTA steam tube rotary dryer were analyzed during the production of terephthalic acid(PTA) through drying simulation experiments.The composition of the fouling material was analyzed.The measures to restrain the fouling were proposed.The fouling of the dryer can be restrained through the filtration and vacuum distillation of acetic acid liquor to the oxidation stage prior to recycling.The quantity of fouling material can be efficiently reduced by controlling the moisture content of crude terephthalic acid(CTA) filter cake about 10%before drying and controlling the impurities content of CTA filter cake as followed;2 100 -2 300,200 -250,100 - 150μg/g for 4-carboxybenzaldehyde,p -toluic acid,benzoic acid,respectively.


This paper discusses centralized integration of multisensor noisy and fuzzy data, which employs both Kalman filtering and fuzzy arithmetic. Due to the property of fuzzy arithmetic, fuzziness of the parameters in a system under the extended operation will unlimitedly increase and finally reach an unacceptable range. We have previously adopted a new compression technique to solve this problem. This paper extends our work on the filtering of single sensor noisy and fuzzy data to integrating multisensor noisy and fuzzy data. An example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm presented.<<ETX>>


Because of the biodegradable character,magnesium alloys opened a new era applications of biliary stent. AZ31 magnesium alloy rolled in room temperature,if the e value was controlled at 15 %,it could get the best tube surface and mechanical capability,the excellent heat treatment was 400 ℃. These techniques can slake the internal stress and crystal grain could be refinement. Compared the biocompatibility and axial shortening rate between magnesium alloy stent and stainless steel stent, the feasibility of biodegradable stent in the bile duct field was considered.


Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess the seasonal dynamics of microbial biomass and its contribution to soil system along a fragment size gradient in subtropical humid forest of Meghalaya.   Area of study: The study was conducted in forest fragments located at Jarain and adjoining areas in Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya, northeast India.Material and Methods: Forest fragments of sizes ranging from 3.8 to 105 ha were selected for the study and grouped into Small (< 5 ha), Medium (> 5 and < 15 ha), Large (>15 and < 50 ha) and Very Large (105 ha) classes. Three experimental plots each of 20 x 20 m were established at the forest edge and at 50 m distance assigned as 'interior' microsite in each of the fragments for sampling of soil. Soil samples (0-10 cm depth) from each of the experimental plots were collected in replicates on seasonal interval and microbial biomass was estimated by the fumigation extraction method.Important findings: Microbial biomass- C, -N and -P varied significantly (p< 0.05) between the fragment sizes, microsites and seasons. The microbial biomass was higher in the interior as compared to the edge. It was also high during the winter season. Overall, soil microbial biomass -C, -N and -P ranged from 260 to 969; 25 to 95 and 8 to 67 µg g-1 respectively. The contribution of microbial biomass -C, -N and -P to soil organic carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogen and phosphorus ranged from 1.48 to 1.81 %, 2.54 to 4.54 % and 3.41 to 5.22 % respectively. Fragmentation alters the microenvironmental conditions and soil properties that in turn affect the microbial biomass. Highlights: This interaction of plant, soil and microbial community would gradually degrade in the fragments due to change in vegetation composition and structure, microclimatic conditions and soil physical and chemical properties. Our results suggests that microbial mediated ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling are more susceptible to variation at the edge which may become unstable and unpredictable in forest fragments exposed to various human disturbances.Keywords: fragment size, microbial biomass, microenvironment, subtropical forest.


Face detector frequently confronts extreme scale variance challenge. The famous solutions are Multi-scale training, Data-anchor-sampling and Random crop strategy. In this paper, we indicate 2 significant elements to resolve extreme scale variance problem by investigating the difference among the previous solutions, including the fore-ground and back-ground information of an image and the scale information. However, current excellent solutions can only utilize the former information while neglecting to absorb the latter one effectively. In order to help the detector utilize the scale information efficiently, we analyze the relationship between the detector performance and the scale distribution of the training data. Based on this analysis, we propose a Selective Scale Enhancement (SSE) strategy which can assimilate these two information efficiently and simultaneously. Finally, our method achieves state-of-the-art detection performance on all common face detection benchmarks, including AFW, PASCAL face, FDDB and Wider Face datasets. Note that our result achieves six champions on the Wider Face dataset.


ABSTRACT The development and validation of a patient exit interview tool, the Interprofessional Clinic Homeless Satisfaction with Student Engagement Survey (ICHSES), and its incorporation in the administration of an interprofessional, co-curricular program, the Community Homeless Interprofessional Program (CHIP) is described. Incorporation of patient satisfaction with student engagement during interprofessional training experiences serving individuals who are homeless has not been previously published. At CHIP, medical, pharmacy and social work students engage with individuals experiencing homelessness in a church and faculty-supervised environment. The students provide basic health assessment, education, and referrals to community resources. Once the interaction with the students is complete, patients are asked to participate in an exit-interview using the ICHSES. Questions in the ICHSES focus on engagement with the students and the patient's perception of the assistance they received. Based on survey responses by 220 patients, the 5 question ICHSES showed high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.77). The ICHSES survey could be utilized in similar clinics engaged in serving the homeless.


We define spatial structuring as the mental operation of constructing an organization or form for an object or set of objects. It is an essential mental process underlying students' quantitative dealings with spatial situations. In this article, we examine in detail students' structuring and enumeration of 2-dimensional (2D) rectangular arrays of squares. Our research indicates that many students do not "see" the row-by-column structure we assume in such arrays. We describe the various levels of sophistication in students' structuring of these arrays and elaborate the nature of the mental process of structuring.


In analyzing the economic practicality of cogenerating electricity and hot water by means of gas-driven engines, French researchers noted that the influencing factors are energy cost, the coincidence of electrical and thermal needs, annual operating times, and investment cost. Studies showed that gas-fired cogeneration is most profitable during peak periods of electricity consumption and during winter high-consumption times (when the electric rates are highest).


The objective of this work is to evaluate the concentration of cyanogenic glycosides CGs (amygdalin and prunasin) in the cultivar and rootstock, as an indicator of compatibility in pear grafts. The work consists of two experiments. Experiment 1 evaluated Cascatense/Pyrus Calleryana and Cascatense/EMC combinations. Experiment 2 evaluated the combinations Packham's Triumph/Adams, Santa Maria/Adams, and Rocha/Adams. The experimental design of the two experiments was randomized blocks with four replications. The evaluations were carried out in the spring and summer of the harvest 2014/2015. The results indicated graft compatibility in the Cascatense/P. Calleryana, Packham's Triumph/Adams, and Rocha/Adams combinations; slight incompatibility of Santa Maria/Adams, and severe incompatibility of Cascatense/EMC. The obtained results indicate that differences ≥ 20 mg g-1 of CGs between scion and rootstock were correlated with a drastic reduction in vigor, problems of continuity in graft union, low yield, and early defoliation.


Blurry vision after concussion can mean different things. A loss of acuity in one eye is often due to direct injury to the eye, which happens frequently in concussion. Refer to ophthalmology right away. Intact acuity in each eye, but worse vision with both eyes open is often due to a subtle cranial nerve injury. Subtle third cranial nerve or fourth cranial injuries typically cause vision to be worse looking up or down, whereas sixth nerve injuries are typically worse looking to one side. Consider referral to neuro-ophthalmology and an ocular rehabilitation prescription. Visual attention deficit is sometimes described as blurry vision. Treat the attention deficit. Migraine auras often cause visual impairment of some kind: distorted vision, double vision, loss of central vision, loss of vision on one side of the visual world, sparkling lights, jagged lines, and so forth. Paroxysmal changes in vision after concussion should be treated as presumptive migraine, or migraine equivalent even if there is not a severe headache. Patients will benefit from best corrected vision when starting aggressive cognitive rehabilitation even if preexisting visual impairments didn't impair them much in everyday life before the concussion.


Jbelieve it is unreasonable to perform a two-stage laparoscopic procedure (eg, sleeve gastrectomy with a second stage completion duodenal switch or gastric bypass) when a single stage open procedure can be accomplished. The qualified bariatric surgeon must have open surgery skills sufficient to perform difficult operations in difficult patients. A dedication to do laparoscopic surgery at the expense of logic is not justified. There are many competent bariatric surgeons who can do an open biliopancreatic diversion with a duodenal switch or a gastric bypass in patients with a BMI of 60 kg/rn2 or greater and in patients with severe cardiopulmonary disease, prior surgery, or other problems. We have solvable difficulty in exposing the upper abdomen and deflecting the liver; we can, indeed, clearly visualize the esophagogastric junction. The overall advantages of the open approach include a lower leak rate. The specific advantages of a single operation with one anesthesia, one trip to the operating room and hospital stay, and one highly charged emotional event for the patient and the patient's family are obvious-if surgery can be done safely and successfully. There are sufficient data available in the world literature to clearly demonstrate success and safety with open procedures in difficult, super-obese patients. In skilled hands, open bariatric surgeiy in the most difficult patients can be performed safely and successfully regardless of the procedure contemplated, the weight of the patient, and other adverse circumstances.


The objective of this study was to examine the impact of board composition and ownership structure on the dividends pay-out policies employed by a sample of manufacturing companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) for the period of 2013–2015. The study used the size of the board, board independence, gender (percentage of females in the board), and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) duality to represent the board composition. Meanwhile, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and foreign ownership were used to represent the ownership structure. In addition, several control variables were used, such as Return on Assets (ROA) firm's age, firm's size, and financial leverage. The dividend per share, representing the company's dividends pay-out policy, served as the dependent variable of the study. The results of the multiple regression analysis identified the board size, duality, institutional ownership, and earnings per share to be significantly associated with the variation in dividends per share at, at least, the five per cent level. There was the exception of the duality variable, which had a negative coefficient, contrary to the prediction, and the other variables indicated a positive relationship with the dividends per share. However, among these variables, the earnings per share was found to be the most powerful explanatory variable in the regression model, which was measured by their respective standardized coefficients (Beta) weights.


Rapid urbanization and increasing urban poverty are shifting the historical locus of food insecurity from the rural areas to the cities of Africa. Project data from the African Food Security Urban Network (AFSUN) baseline survey carried out in 11 cities in nine southern African countries in 2008– 2009 demonstrates the existence of extremely high levels of urban food insecurity. The lack of access to food is primarily the result of household poverty, high unemployment, and limited income-generating opportunities rather than any absolute food shortages. The research also shows the growing importance of supermarkets, and the relative insignificance of urban agriculture in the food sourcing strategies of the urban poor.


A 60‐year‐old woman complaining of cervical lymph‐adenopathy was admitted to Keiyu General Hospital, Yokohama. Malignant lymphoma involving systemic lymph nodes and the bilateral tonsils was suspected by computed tomography. The biopsy diagnosis of the cervical lymph nodes was B‐cell lymphoma, diffuse medium‐sized cell type. The cleaved centrocytic lymphoma cells were immunoreactive for CD20 and CD22 but negative for immunoglobulins. Characteristically, a considerable number of neoplastic lymphocytes possessed eosinophilic round inclusions in the cytoplasm. The inclusions were green in color by Papanicolaou staining, whereas they appeared vacuole like in Giemsa‐stained preparations. Ultrastructural study confirmed the presence of aggregates of intermediate‐sized filamentous structures mainly in the perinuclear area. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were poorly developed. Immunocyto‐chemical staining using cytologic specimens and fresh‐frozen sections disclosed that the inclusions were composed of vimentin filaments. Morphologic similarities to signet ring cell lymphoma are discussed. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 473 479, 1991.


The author describes the various methods available for profiling i.e. measuring the cross section of structures such as caverns, sewers and tunnels. The uses of such information are listed and general observations made on the number of measurements to be taken. Methods are categorised as either contact or non-contact, and non-contact methods further divided into manual and automatic. Methods outlined include the probe and protractor system, tacheometers consisting of a theodolite and Electromagnetic Distance Measuring (EDM) system, optical tacheometers, the PROTA tunnel profiler, photogrammetric methods, light sectioning, flash photography, rotating laser, reflectorless EDM, automated theodolites and optical triangulation using CCD linear sensors. The mechanism of each technique is explained and advantages and disadvantages discussed. Methods particularly suited to tunnels are noted. Possible future trends are considered and the high-speed coaxial optical beam seen as a particularly useful and likely development.


Esophageal cancer is the 6th most common cancer worldwide. Our laboratory has used a rodent preclinical model of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to identify putative chemopreventive agents for this disease and to determine their mechanisms of action. In our previous studies, we found an association between increased expressions of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the development of N-Nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced tumors in the rat esophagus. We also demonstrated that S, S'-1,4-phenylene-bis(1,2-ethanediyl) bis-isothiourea (PBIT), a selective iNOS inhibitor and celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, significantly inhibited NMBA-induced rat esophageal tumorigenesis. In view of these observations, we initiated a study to determine the combination effects of low doses of celecoxib and PBIT on progression of preneoplastic lesions to papillomas in NMBA-treated rats. F344 rats were treated with NMBA (0.30 mg/kg b.w.) three times per week for 5 weeks. After 72 hours, animals were fed AIN-76A diet or AIN-76A diet containing different doses of celecoxib, PBIT, or celecoxib plus PBIT. At week 35, rats were sacrificed and esophageal tumors were counted. The incidence of esophageal tumors was decreased from 100% in NMBA-treated rats to 96.55%, 82.76% (P Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-423.


Abstract : The experimental work leading to the development of a flueric diverter valve (FDV) is described. The work has shown that a gas flow can be controlled in a 'three-dimensional' aerodynamic valve that has no moving internal parts. In the Phase I effort, flow tests of various power nozzle configurations were completed, and a subscale model of the FDV was evaluated under simulated V/STOL operating conditions. A major objective is design of a unit of practicable size that will operate at subsonic and supersonic pressure ratios. In flow tests using cold gas at 0 to 45 psig, a subscale model of the FDV diverted 100 percent of the flow with the control orifice vented to atmosphere. The overall valving efficiency defined in terms of a thrust recovery factor for various nozzles (not optimized) typically measured 0.83. (Author)


This paper deals with the pilot contamination problem for multi-cell massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) mobile communication systems. The pilot contamination effect constitutes a major bottleneck for overall performance. Most of researches on pilot decontamination ignore the fact that different users can be distinguished by the direction of arrivals (DoA), even the users in different cells use the same pilots. We propose a spatial domain method based on two dimensions DoA (2D-DoA) which can distinguish the target user in 3D space. To obtain the desire signal's DoA, two type of 2D-DoA estimation methods are proposed. Utilizing the estimations to preprocess the received signals the interference can be suppressed effectively. Simulation results show the pilot contamination can be reduced obviously and the system performance can be improved significantly by the proposed method.


Research concerns with Chinese gangs in the United States focuses on two sites, San Francisco and New York. This study examines Oakland Chinatown and the development of its first Chinese immigrant youth gang, the Suey Sing boys, during the five years form 1968-1973. I rely heavily on data from primary sources, such as interviews with gang members and field observations. Key topics for investigation are the formation of the Suey Sing boys, the relationship of the youth gangs to the Chinatown social structure, and the relationship between gangs in Oakland and San Francisco.


The laser microprobe mass analysis (LMMA) technique currently finds extensive application in the qualitative microanalysis of a wide range of materials. These microanalytical applications include the analysis of polymeric materials [1], semiconductors [2] and particulate samples [3]. These qualitative analyses have repeatedly demonstrated the analytical ability of this technique for producing rapid, elemental, isotopic and, in some cases, molecular characterization of these types of materials. The development of quantitative or semi-quantitative analytical methodologies is the goal of any analytical technique and rather extensive investigation of the quantitative capabilities of the laser microprobe technique have been pursued since the initial development of this technique. These investigations have centered on developing appropriate microanalytical standards [4], characterizing the pertinent physical and chemical processes occurring during high power laser irradiation of materials [5] and modeling the nature and extent of the ionization produced with physically reasonable models [6, 7]. To date, these quantitative studies have generally provided good analytical methods and results and, although the number of quantitative analyses of materials systems have been rather limited, the results do provide sufficient encouragement to pursue further quantitative studies with this technique. In this paper, we discuss the results obtained in a laser microprobe analysis of phosphosilicate glass (PSG) standards in which the quantitative capabilities of the technique for the determination of the phosphorous content of PSG glasses were evaluated. The results of this analysis were compared to those produced from a secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis of these PSG standards. We have also evaluated the in-depth profiling capability of the laser microprobe technique and demonstrate this capability with a depth profile of a 11 B implant into Si. Finally, we present preliminary data obtained from a new modification to the basic laser microprobe technique in which the conventional laser system is employed to ablate the sample material and a second laser pulse ionizes the neutral-components in the vapor plume produced by the ablation laser. This two laser configuration of the laser microprobe promises to improve the sensitivity and reproducibility of this microanalysis technique.


Part of the CO[sub 2] released to the atmosphere by the global use of fossil fuels remains unaccounted for in observations of atmospheric CO[sub 2] or model estimates of carbon uptake by the world's oceans. CO[sub 2] stimulation of terrestrial net primary production (NPP) has been proposed as a mechanism to account for this [open quotes]missing carbon[close quotes]. To assess this proposition, we use a global model of carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. Plant growth is a logistic function of vegetation carbon density. We model the CO[sub 2] response of NPP as a logarithmic function of increasing atmospheric CO[sub 2] (the classic response function of global carbon cycle models) and as a more physiologically justified rectangular hyperbolic response. We derive parameters for these functions from experimental studies of plant response to suggest a recent upper limit on CO[sub 2] stimulated terrestrial carbon storage of [approx]0.5 Gt C yr[sup [minus]1] and a maximum CO[sub 2] enhance storage is sufficient to account for the [open quotes]missing[close quotes] fossil fuel carbon releases, but it is sufficient to also account for most estimates of the additional carbon released by changes in land use.


Polyurethanes based on diphenylmethane 4,4′-diisocyanate (MDI) were examined by electronic spectroscopy and by continuous and laser flash photolysis. Fluorescence and phosphorescence emissions were observed, and although the source of the fluorescence could not be identified, the phosphorescence appears to originate from a benzophenone-type oxidation impurity. On laser flash photolysis, transient absorptions were observed at 375 nm and 580 nm. The latter is assigned to a ketyl radical center formed by hydrogen abstraction from the polymer matrix. Participation of these species in the photochemical reactions leading to deterioration of the MDI-based polyurethane is discussed.


Analysing the impact of novel middleware abstraction is a crucial activity, in particular when applied to reflective middleware, a paradigm that was proposed 10 years ago. Impact analysis is unfortunately a difficult and multifaceted task. We argue here for a broad and systematic approach based on statistical text analysis. We present preliminary results that demonstrate the potential of this approach to uncover hitherto unsuspected trends, and hopefully inform the future of reflective middleware research.


Abstract Indonesia offers attractive conditions to explore research on political connections, because Indonesia is a developing market country with a history of strong political connections in business. This study aims to investigate how the effect of the political connections held by board of commissioners and directors in the company on auditor quality and how earnings management moderate political connections and audit quality. This study used a sample of all companies from all sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2015-2017 except financial and insurance industry companies, thus a sample of 1213 firm-years was obtained. The analysis technique used is logistic regression analysis. The results revealed that companies with board of commissioners and directors who are politically connected have a positive and significant effect on auditor quality, it means that companies with political connections tend to choose industry specialist auditors as the company's external auditors. The results also revealed that earnings management does not moderate the effect of corporate political connections on audit quality. This research provides new insights about the use of political connections in the business environment especially in audit quality decisions in Indonesia.


In aerospace industry, the structure of the aircraft is assembled using small parts or a combination of them that are made with different materials, such as for instance aluminium, titanium, composites or even 3D printed parts. The union between these small parts is a critical point for the integrity of the aircraft. The quality of this union will decide the fatigue of adjacent components and therefore the useful life of them. For the union process the most extended method is the rivets, mainly because their low cost and easy manufacturing. For this purpose it is necessary to made drill holes in the aeronautical surface to insert the rivets. In this contribution, we present the preliminary results of a 3D inspection system [1] for drill holes analysis in aeronautical surfaces. The system, based in optical triangulation, was developed by the Group of Optoelectronic Image Processing from the University of Valencia in the framework of the Airbus Defence and Space (AD&S), MINERVA project (Manufacturing industrial - means emerging from validated automation). The capabilities of the system permits to generate a point cloud with 3D information and GD&T (geometrical dimensions and tolerances) characteristics of the drill hole. For the inner surface defects detection, the system can generate an inner image of the drill hole with a scaled axis to obtain the defect position. In addition, we present the analysis performed for the drills in the wing station of the A-400 M. In this analysis the system was tested for diameters in the range of [10 – 15.96] mm, and for Carbon Fibre.


Ancestorship refers to the 'role and influence of "ancestors" in society, within and beyond the sphere of religion, more or less strictly defined'. Scholars whose work is included in this collection devote attention to how roles and influence are established, reproduced, transformed, or deployed. Context is very important because, as co-editors Couderc and Sillander underscore, many seminal anthropological discussions regarding ancestors focused largely on the function and implication of genealogical linkages established through systems of unilineal descent. In Borneo, bilateral kinship is practised. Ancestorship in Borneo, the editors explain, is flexible and 'often prominently predicated more on social influence' than descent. Ancestorship, therefore, is treated in this book as an 'inclusive and polythetic' concept. While primary and secondary treatment of the dead are mentioned in several chapters, the volume as a whole pursues issues of the extent to which 'ancestors may be seen as the outcome of mortuary ritual' and when they come about otherwise. That is, it examines the relative importance of deathways vis-à-vis other kinds of rituals or local practices concerned with ancestors. One author, for example, presents an unconventional variety of ancestorship in which the ancestor is a cooking hearth. Another examines notions of ancestorship in instances where the relevant individual is not yet deceased. Several contributors accord particular emphasis to concepts or accounts of metamorphosis and transformation, which is a subtheme of the book. Those transformations include the living becoming ancestors, the dead becoming part of a larger category of forebears, and ancestors becoming other kinds of creatures. The volume also considers various representations of ancestors, including notions of ancestors and potency in the spirit world, physical remains and other material objects that mediate contact with ancestors or with their influence, and concepts of ideational ancestral heritage such as shared values and norms. The contributors offer compelling analyses that trace how 'predecessors' who share genealogical or social ancestry with the living 'stand in a constitutive relationship' to people whom, without them, would not be quite what they are. An attractive feature of the book is that many of the authors engage one another through their essays. Their references to theoretical or ethnographic commonalities or differences in the work of fellow contributors make for a more coherent reading. All of the essays help realise the volume's ultimate goals, which are to elucidate the characteristics of Borneo ancestorship and encourage comparison. Ancestors in Borneo Societies is highly recommended for specialists on Southeast Asia, however it deserves a wider readership. In view of the volume's stimulating engagements with anthropology's intellectual ancestors as well as current theorisations of various persuasions, it will also appeal to scholars with interests beyond the solely geographic. Such interests would include eschatology, comparative kinship, the preservation of material and immaterial heritage, or the study of indigenous identities which, in common with some of the Borneo ancestors described in this book, also continue to transform.


Discussed on ADV400 NC system produced by DELTA TAU company in double spindle gantry drilling remaking.Expounded the drilling numerical control remaking scheme,gantry drilling the mechanical structure and CNC system electrical interfaces.After modification of gantry drilling machine,the using performance was restored,and the automation level and machining precision were improved.After a period of using inspection,it achieved the innovation requirements.


Wafer bonding and hydrogen implantation exfoliation techniques have been used to fabricate a thin InP template layer on GaAs with intermediate silicon nitride bonding layers. This template layer was used to directly compare subsequent metal organic vapor phase epitaxial growth of InGaAs∕InAlAs quantum-well structures on these wafer-bonded templates to growth on a standard InP substrate. Chemical mechanical polishing of the bonded structure and companion InP substrates was assessed. No effects from the coefficient of thermal mismatch are detected up to the growth temperature, and compositionally equivalent structures are grown on the wafer-bonded InP template and the bare InP substrate. However, after growth dislocation, loops can be identified in the InP template layer due to the ion implantation step. These defects incur a slight mosaic tilt but do not yield any crystalline defects in the epitaxial structure. Low-temperature photoluminescence measurements of the InGaAs grown on the template structure and...


Background Bone marrow stimulation (BMS) has been considered a well-established method for treating knee and ankle osteochondral lesions. Some studies have also shown that BMS can promote healing of the repaired tendon and enhance biomechanical properties during rotator cuff repair. Our purpose was to compare the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic repair rotator cuff (ARCR) with and without BMS. Methods A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google scholar, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 20, 2022. Data on retear rates, shoulder functional outcomes, visual analog score and range of motion were pooled and analyzed. Dichotomous variables were presented as odds ratios (OR), and continuous variables were presented as mean differences (MD). Meta-analyses were conducted with Review Manager 5.3. Results Eight studies involving 674 patients were included, with mean follow-up period ranging from 12 to 36.8 months. Compared to ARCR alone, the intraoperative combination of the BMS resulted in lower retear rates (P < 0.0001), but showed similar results in Constant score (P = 0.10), University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score (P = 0.57), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score (P = 0.23), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score (P = 0.31), VAS (visual analog score) score (P = 0.34), and range of motion (ROM) (forward flexion, P = 0.42; external rotation, P = 0.21). After sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses, no significant changes in statistical results were observed. Conclusion Compared to ARCR alone, the combination of intraoperative BMS can significantly reduce the retear rates, but showed similar short-term results in functional outcomes, ROM and pain. Better clinical outcomes are anticipated in the BMS group by improving structural integrity during long-term follow-up. Currently, BMS may be a viable option in ARCR based on its straightforward and cost-effective advantages. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42022323379.


Abstract We determined the physical, chemical, biological, and land use characteristics that distinguish northern Wisconsin lakes with self-sustaining populations of muskellunge Esox masquinongy from lakes where stocking is required to maintain populations. Lakes that supported self-sustaining muskellunge populations were characterized by fewer shoreline alterations and by spawning habitats with softer, organic-nitrogen-rich sediments. Lakes that required stocking had extensively developed shorelines. The direction of water level change during the spawning period, percentage of spawning area sediment covered by woody debris, number of deadfall trees per kilometer of shoreline, and percentage of shoreline that was totally developed were the most important variables for classifying the level of muskellunge reproduction a lake could support. A linear discriminant function correctly classified 83% of the lakes with self-sustaining muskellunge populations and 89% of the lakes requiring stocking to sustain or e...


The cascade impactor and PM10 sampler were used to collect atmospheric particles in the south Shanghai.Chemically,the sequential extraction method was applied to detect the exchangeable particle-phase mercury(ExPM),hydrochloric soluble mercury(HPM),elemental particle-phase mercury(EPM) and residual particle-phase mercury(RPM).Results showed that the average concentration of total Hg in particulate matters as,ρ(total-Hg) was 0.48 ng/m3(0.07-1.44 ng/m3),of which 47.8% was in PM1.6(particulate matter with diameter ≤1.6 μm.The average content of the total Hg content,w(total-Hg),in particulate matters was 1.81 μg/g(0.35-6.89 μg/g) which was greatly higher than that in the coal or cement.Mercury in particles showed a signivicant seasonal variation and ρ(total-Hg) that it was higher in winter and spring;while it was lower in summer.The bimodal pattern of diurnal variation of ρ(total-Hg) in PM10 was found while no distinct diurnal of w(total-Hg) was found.The concentration of difference mercury species was detected higher in nighttime than that at daytime.The mercury species were impacted by meteorological conditions and sources distribution.Except in spring of 2006,w(HPM) in particle displayed the similar level in other seasons and higher ρ(EPM) was observed in winter of 2005 and spring of 2006 which were 0.19,0.17 ng/m3,respectively.HPM and EPM were mainly concentrated in fine particles while RPM in 1.6 μm and 1.6-3.7 μm were not significantly different.The ρ(total-Hg) and ρ(RPM) negatively correlated with temperature,daily temperature difference,relative humidity while positively with ρ(SO2),while both ρ(HPM) and ρ(RPM) showed different correlations.The results determined by the sources and atmospheric behavior of HPM and EPM,HPM were easy to dissolve in liquid phase and was associated with solar-light dependent photochemical reactions,while EPM depended on contributions of combustion sources and the deposition velocity.


OF THE DISSERTATION x 1 Let's Talk About Sex Education: The Effect of State-Mandated SchoolBased Sex Education on Teenage Sexual Behaviors and Health 1 1.


The Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) defines the
mechanisms for the communication between a Path Computation Client
(PCC) and a Path Computation Element (PCE), or among PCEs. This
document describe the usage of Transport Layer Security (TLS) to
enhance PCEP security, hence the PCEPS acronym proposed for it. The
additional security mechanisms are provided by the transport protocol
supporting PCEP, and therefore they do not affect its flexibility and
extensibility.


The article contains data concerning the incidence of brain tumours beginning with epileptic seizures depending on environmental factors in towns and districts of Belgorod Region. The brain tumors were observed in 92 children from different districts of Belgorod Region. 61 children had epileptic seizures as the first symptom of the brain tumour development. The author analyzes possible causes of high incidence of the disease in different districts of the region and gives some guidelines on early detection.


The conductivities of thin Al, Au, and Ag films were measured via their transmission at terahertz frequencies. The conductivities of all the films, particularly the thinner films and Al films, were much smaller than their bulk dc values. This reduced conductivity can be quantitatively understood in terms of an increased scattering rate from defects. The transmission is consistent with a frequency independent conductivity, implying a very fast electron scattering time.


Quantum mechanics is a theory to explain and predict the behavior of particles such as electrons, protons, neutrons, atomic nuclei, atoms, and molecules, as well as the photon–the particle associated with electromagnetic radiation or light. From quantum theory we obtain the laws of chemistry as well as explanations for the properties of materials, such as crystals, semiconductors, superconductors, and superfluids. Applications of quantum behavior give us transistors, computer chips, lasers, and masers. The relatively new field of molecular biology, which leads to our better understanding of biological structures and life processes, derives from quantum considerations. Thus, quantum behavior encompasses a large fraction of modern science and technology. Quantum theory was developed during the first half of the twentieth century through the efforts of many scientists. In 1926, E. Schrodinger interjected wave mechanics into the array of ideas, equations, explanations, and theories that were prevalent at the time to explain the growing accumulation of observations of quantum phenomena. His theory introduced the wave function and the differential wave equation that it obeys. Schrodinger's wave mechanics is now the backbone of our current conceptional understanding and our mathematical procedures for the study of quantum phenomena. Our presentation of the basic principles of quantum mechanics is contained in the first three chapters. Chapter 1 begins with a treatment of plane waves and wave packets, which serves as background material for the subsequent discussion of the wave function for a free particle.


Abstract Mechanism of a novel transformation of the alkyl phenyltellurides to alkyl halides via nucleophilic substitution of the phenyltelluro group in organotelluriums is studied on the basis of kinetics and stereochemistry using the titled chiral substrate. The results obtained strongly suggest that the substitutions proceed via SN2 mechanism with Walden inversion and very low Arrhenius' energies of activation.


Whittaker and Watson state that " several proofs of this important proposition have been given, but none are simple." The following proof lays no claim to elegance; but it is simple in the sense that it follows naturally, by elementary processes, from the fundamental properties of the ^-functions; having served their purpose in defining the functions, in determining their periodicity factors, and, in particular, in establishing the equation


The microstructural integrity of Ni-based fuel electrodes is mandatory for long term SOFC operation. Degradation due to microstructural changes as Ni-agglomeration, sintering and densification has to be prevented by an appropriate microstructure. In this work the performance of 4 types of nickel-ceria based fuel electrodes, which differ with respect to layer sequence and manufacturing processes, is evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at the nominal operating temperature of 600 °C. Accelerated degradation tests at increased operating temperatures of 700 °C and 900 °C are performed on the one based on a GDC infiltrated Ni-backbone that performed the best. The polarization resistance at 600 °C recorded at the beginning and the end of life increased by up to 100%. Microstructural analysis of the electrodes at different aging states revealed strong microstructural changes of fine infiltrated GDC structures and Ni agglomeration at higher operating temperature.


This is a general guide to a sampling of library resources specific to the study of engineering at Norwich University.


Microarray technology has become a power tool in the field of bioinformatics. It is used to measure gene expression levels and similar to any other image capturing processes is prone to noise. There are different kinds of noise, during preparation, hybridization and scanning in microarray images which usually are modeled by Gaussian noise. Since introduction of wavelets in 1970s, many more forms and extensions of this transform have been developed and used, such as stationary wavelet transform (SWT), complex wavelet transform (CWT), curvelet transform (CURV) and contourlet transform (CNT). By developing of more sparse transforms, it is important to have a perspective of how efficient the transforms are in different applications, such as microarray image analysis. In this paper, we compare the efficiency of common sparse transforms including ordinary discrete wavelet transform (DWT), SWT, CWT, CURV, CNT, Contourlet-SD decomposition, steerable pyramid (STP) and shearlet transform (SHR) for microarray image denoising. Therefore after converting microarray image into x-let transform, BayesShrink method, soft and hard thresholding are used to perform denoising of these images. Both local and general thresholds are calculated for each subband in order to evaluate the effect of incorporating intrascale dependency on top of sparsity property in statistical modeling of x-let's coefficients. Our simulation results show that CWT and SHR outperforms the others when using global thresholding and SWT is the preferred transform when using local thresholding. Although STP and SHR have better performance for some criteria like structural similarity (SSIM) index, but CWT is faster.


THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY is leading U.S. federal agencies in an investigation of the causes of last week's electricity blackout, President George W. Bush and Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham announced last week. Codirecting the investigation is Canadian Minister of Natural Resources Herb Dhaliwal, with whom Abraham met last Wednesday. DOE takes over the investigation from the North American Electric Reliability Council, which administers U.S. voluntary standards for electricity transmission reliability, Abraham said at a briefing. He stressed that the DOE investigation is already under way and fully supported by the council, energy industry leaders, and state and federal energy regulators. He offered no timetable for completion, however. Others predicted a report by late September or sooner. Also last week, the House Energy & Commerce Committee scheduled two days of hearings on the outage for Sept. 3 and 4. Testifying will be top energy officials from utilities and federal, state, and local agencies. And ...


Abstract : Satellite ground systems represent an often neglected aspect of cyber security when dis-cussing Air Force and Department of Defense cyber vulnerabilities. An increasing amount of cyber security research and attacks focus on space ground systems in the form of satellite control, satellite communications terminal hacking, and GPS spoofing. Public evidence exists demonstrating nation-state adversary willingness and intent for attacking these systems. Ground systems find themselves in a gray area of compliance between the two cyber security risk management regulations DoDI 8510 and Committee on National Security Systems Instruction 1253.


In order to provide a superior metallic gloss, fine-grained and presenting a silver gloss fashion - the class of the aluminum flake pigment coating appearance, the present invention particularly provides an average of 0.025 ~ 0.07μm is obtained by grinding an aluminum powder in an organic solvent the thickness (t) and 8 ~ 30μm average particle size (D50) of the aluminum flake pigment, a coating composition containing it, and the ink composition from its membrane. The aluminum powder is preferably prepared by atomization method. A ball mill is preferably used for the grinding mill.


Eighteen replacement heifers were selected and divided into 2 groups with 6 heifers each to study the early supplement, early weaning and suitable mating techniques The feeding experiment showed that the puberty age of heifers in group 1 averaged 10 3 months, the pregnancy rate of heifers in 1st and 2nd estrous was 83 3% with reproductive survival rate of 83 3%; the corresponding values in group 2 were 11 1 months, 66 7%, and 66 7% respectively; in control group were 12 7 months, 50%, and 50% respectively


AbstractElectric-field nonuniformity in the active region of a LED (light-emitting diode) heterostructure based on five identical GaN/InGaN quantum wells is investigated by the electroreflectance method. The energies of band-to-band transitions in the quantum wells and barriers are determined from the analysis of electroreflectance spectra using the Kramers–Kronig transforms. The procedure for estimating the electric-field strength in separate quantum wells of the active region by the position of spectral lines is proposed. It is found that the energies of the main transition in quantum wells of the active region with zero bias of the p – n junction differ by a magnitude on the order of 140 meV, which corresponds to a difference in the electric-field strengths of 0.78 MV/cm. It is shown that the nonuniformity of the electric field in the active region depends on the p – n junction bias.


Cold season air warming was more rapid than warm season air warming on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP). However, the effect of this asymmetrical seasonal air warming on permafrost hydrological changes has not been fully understood. This study applied a distributed cryospheric hydrological model to evaluate the effects of different seasonal air warming on the changes in frozen soil and hydrological processes in a typical catchment, the source region of the Lancang River on the eastern QTP. The results show that the area of permafrost reduced by 14.0%. The maximum frozen depth of seasonally frozen ground (MFDSFG) decreased at 5.0 cm decade−1, and the active layer thickness (ALT) of permafrost increased by 3.3 cm decade−1. Controlled experiments illustrate that cold season air warming dominated the reduction in MFDSFG which caused the liquid soil moisture increase in seasonally frozen ground, and warm season air warming primarily determined the increase in ALT which enhanced the liquid soil moisture in permafrost. Cold season air warming had a greater effect on runoff than warm season air warming because it dominated the permafrost degradation into seasonally frozen ground. In the region where permafrost degraded into seasonally frozen ground, both the cold and warm season air warming contributed to the soil liquid water increase, and the cold season warming had a greater effect due to its more important role in thermal degradation of permafrost. The findings of this study reveal different complex impacts of cold and warm season air warming on permafrost hydrological changes on the QTP.


We have investigated several CME‐related SEP events with unusually high abundance of He+ relative to He2+ in the energetic particle population which have been observed between 1998 and 2000 with ACE/SEPICA and SOHO/CELIAS. Usually the abundance of He+ is below a few percent whereas at these times the He+/He2+ ratio can be closer to one. Possible sources for He+ are interstellar pickup ions or cold plasma in CME's. We have investigated in detail the temporal evolution and the energy spectra of these events. We find that the maximum of the He+/He2+ ratio usually coincides with the arrival of the shock or a solar wind structure. This is a strong indication for local acceleration of these ions. The He+ enhancement does not seem to be associated with cold plasma within CME's itself. Therefore, most probably interstellar pickup ions are the source for the He+ enhancement. Furthermore, the He+/He2+ ratio appears to be consistently lower at higher energies. Also, the observed temporal variability decreases with i...


Technology import raises industrial competitiveness through increased productivity and efficiency of the concerned units. Thus, it is necessary for developing countries to have liberal regimes in favor of technology import. Increases in productivity and efficiency lead to competitiveness. However, it is necessary to measure how the adoption of foreign technology leads to better utilization of resources and lowering cost of production. In non-FCA units (units without foreign collaboration), technological backwardness is reflected in high cost of production and low productivity. This paper examines the aspect of technology import by investigating the income generation behavior of selected units of the Indian Automobile Ancillary industry. Based on the data gathered from 84 units for a period of three years, this empirical analysis measures the productivity indices and apply the Cobb-Douglas function to find the elasticity of value addition on account of labor and capital outlays for units operating with or without foreign collaboration. The comparative study of FCA and Non-FCA units, with respect to value added, wages (labor), total assets (capital), and their productivity vis-a-vis growth during period of 1987-88 over 1985-86 concludes that the Non-FCA units performed better in terms of overall efficiency.


We study the duality phenomenon between sigma-models and Toda QFT's. We claim that affine Toda field theory behaves in the strong coupling regime as η -deformed sigma-model plus a free field.


Several variational methods are applied to the calculation of the position and width of the lowest 1S resonance state of H−, which is the simplest physical example of an electronic Feshbach resonance. These methods include two different versions of the analytic continuation of stabilization graphs that enforce the correct branch‐point structure and two versions of the complex‐stabilization approach, one that stabilizes the complex resonance energy with respect to the exponents of the complex orbital(s) and one that stabilizes it with respect to both the real and complex orbital exponents. The calculations involve medium‐, large‐, and very‐large‐sized basis sets of Gaussian orbitals and full configuration interaction (CI). The use of the same basis sets with the various methods allows for detailed comparisons among them. Although the sensitivity of the results to the fit parameters prevents true convergence, reliable estimates of the position and width of this resonance (about four‐figure accuracy in the position and two‐figure accuracy in the width) are obtained both from a version of the analytic continuation of stabilization graphs that employs one eigenvalue of a real, Hermitian Hamiltonian matrix but enforces the correct branch‐point structure and from a complex‐stabilization approach that involves complex basis functions and a non‐Hermitian Hamiltonian matrix. In the former approach, we find that the results are less accurate when two eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian matrix are employed in the analytic continuation, possibly due to interactions with excited resonance states. For the latter approach, we show that good results can be obtained with basis sets containing a single complex orbital if the resonance energy is also stabilized with respect to an analytic continuation of the real orbital exponents, but that there is no advantage in using two complex orbitals with close exponents.Several variational methods are applied to the calculation of the position and width of the lowest 1S resonance state of H−, which is the simplest physical example of an electronic Feshbach resonance. These methods include two different versions of the analytic continuation of stabilization graphs that enforce the correct branch‐point structure and two versions of the complex‐stabilization approach, one that stabilizes the complex resonance energy with respect to the exponents of the complex orbital(s) and one that stabilizes it with respect to both the real and complex orbital exponents. The calculations involve medium‐, large‐, and very‐large‐sized basis sets of Gaussian orbitals and full configuration interaction (CI). The use of the same basis sets with the various methods allows for detailed comparisons among them. Although the sensitivity of the results to the fit parameters prevents true convergence, reliable estimates of the position and width of this resonance (about four‐figure accuracy in the p...


The CSforALL movement to bring computational thinking to K-12 has been a boon for practitioners and language developers. This panel features three educators passionate about a particular lan- guage that has been successful with K-12 audiences. Each will demonstrate their language, describe what makes it unique, and share some of the fun and engaging projects students have created.


Magnetronlike structure is a non-cathode magnetron waveguide structure. It is the basic configuration of relativistic magnetron with axial extraction (MDO). First, the dispersion relation and the field expression of the magnetronlike structure are obtained by the field matched method. Then, the results are proved by the high electromagnetic field analysis software, and the cutoff frequency is studied by changing the structure parameters. The final results show that with keeping the other parameters constant, the π mode cutoff frequency can be promoted by reducing the outer radius, enlarging the inner radius or increasing the number of the cavities. Enlarging the cavity angle will reduce the π mode cutoff frequency. The outcomes produced in this paper will play a fundamental role in the theoretical analysis on the mode conversion and transmission of the relativistic magnetron with axial extraction.


The textbook describes the physical foundations, theory, principles of selection and calculation of the main parameters of spring suspension schemes, discusses the issues of fitting crews into curves, vertical dynamics of the traction drive, the use of coupling weight and vibrations of electric rolling stock.
It is intended for the training of certified specialists in the direction of "Railway rolling stock".


Abstract Isolated fibular shaft fractures (IFSF) have rarely been described in the literature. As the fibula is a non weight-bearing bone, fractures may present subtly as a soft tissue injury or in some cases be completely asymptomatic. Though usually self limiting, missed IFSF may progress to non-union with potential poor healing outcomes, particularly in those engaged in continued rigorous athletic activity. This is a case of occult IFSF, initially identified via diagnostic ultrasound (DU) circa one year post onset of lower limb pain with impact activity. X-ray confirmed bony non-union. Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) was performed, with bone biopsy negative for pathological fracuture. Union was achieved, but symptoms of allodynia and hyperesthesia persisted post metalwork removal one year post surgery. The patient was unable to return to recreational sporting activity and referred for pain control team management.


With the increasing confrontation between doctors and patients and the increasing number of medical conflictions, case reports, as convincing evidence, have played a more and more important role. How to improve medical students' capability of writing case reports and avoid the occurrence of some medical conflictions turns out to be a problem that has to be solved. This article makes a tentative exploration in this respect.


In 1995, Naor and Shamir proposed a technique of secret sharing, called visual cryptography. In visual cryptography, the secret message is divided into shares which are copied onto transparencies and given to participants. In general k-out-of-n visual cryptography, at-least k of the n shares belonging to a qualified set need to be stacked together to reveal any information about the secret message. In this paper, utilising this property of general k-out-of-n visual cryptography, we propose an efficient method for formation of shares based on pre-formed shares. We also show how such a method can be applied for the purpose of authentication and cheater detection.


The invention discloses a saloon car transmission shaft fixed end cardan joint inner ring fairway sphere center position detecting device. A bottom plate is respectively fixedly connected with a supporting seat and a support arm; six steel balls which are arrayed along the periphery are mounted in the supporting seat; a limit block fixedly connected with the supporting seat is arranged on each steel ball; the support arm is fixedly connected with an outer screwing sleeve; the outer screwing sleeve is in screwing connection with the end face of an inner screwing sleeve; a longitudinal ladder pipe body penetrates through holes in the inner and outer screwing sleeves and is fixedly connected with the inner screwing sleeve in the axial direction; the longitudinal ladder pipe body is in slip connection with the outer screwing sleeve; a dial indicator and a measuring rod are mounted in the longitudinal ladder pipe body; a measuring head of the dial indicator is in pressure welding with the measuring rod; the lower end of the measuring rod is fixedly connected with a measuring pressure head; the shaft axis of the measuring pressure head is vertical to a plane formed by the six steel balls; a transmission shaft fixed end cardan joint inner ring is placed on the six steel balls; six raceways of the cardan joint inner ring correspond to the six steel balls; the measuring rod is put down; a numerical value on the dial indicator is read; whether the saloon car transmission shaft cardan joint inner ring fairway sphere center position is qualified can be accurately and rapidly measured.


By analyzing the current situation of the scientific research and production,the feasibility of developing cassava industry and the existent problems in the development of cassava industry in Guizhou,the author puts forward the developmental strategy of cassava industry in Guizhou.


A new poly(vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate) (PVC-VAc), polyaniline (PANI), and carbon black (CB)-based selective membrane sensor for Pb(II) ions has been prepared using facile route. The potential response of PVC-VAc/PANI and PVC-VAc/PANI/CB membrane sensors as a function of Pb2+ activity was measured. There was improvement in the detection of Pb2+ activity with CB loading. The best response time was obtained for PVC-VAc/PANI/CB 3 sensor with greater CB loading, which was recorded as 10s. The sensors also showed fairly good electrical conductivity up to 10.5 Scm-1. The PVC-VAc/PANI/CB-based sensor has capability to be successfully applied for the direct determination of Pb(II) ions in solution and also as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of lead ions.


Dimensional and mass characteristics and chemical compound of uncut small fish raw materials such as sabrefish, silver bream, redeye, sea-roach, caught during autumn-spring period and wastes from cutting of food raw material (crucian, sazan, pike, cat-fish, pike perch) as well as chemical compound of Volga-Caspian food fish bony skeleton are analyzed. The study of proteolytic activity of fish raw material showed its dependence on freezing and catching season. It is established that fish raw material and wastes from fish cutting can be used as a potential raw material for getting valuable components of food and fodder products.