The formations of the Nacimiento group are subjects of much interest to science because of the character of their vertebrate faunas and the positions they occupy in the time-scale of geologic history. The fossil mammals of the two formations have been carefully discussed by eminent paleontologists and yet but little is known of their areal distribution or stratigraphic occurrence. This paper is accompanied by the first contribution of detailed geologic mapping in the area of their type-localities, and is the result of research which has brought forward some important facts and thrown considerable light on the problem of their faunal and stratigraphic relationships. The Nacimiento group was deposited during that long period of fresh-water conditions which prevailed over the greater part of western North America at the ending of the Cretaceous and the beginning of the Tertiary periods. In recent years paleontologists have considered the group as being earliest Tertiary in age, and thus marking the beginning of the Eocene series. It is intended in the following pages to review the formations of this group, their correlations, etc., from the first discoveries to the present time and to set forth clearly the facts of their stratigraphic


Objective: To investigate the tracking extension of nursing service mode in patients with Kawasaki disease effect and application of.Methods: From August 2010 to September 2012 in our department treated 123 cases of children with Kawasaki disease as the research object,according to whether to carry out tracking extension of nursing service were divided into control group and observation group,control group were given routine nursing only Kawasaki disease,whereas in observation group was given the tracking extension of nursing service mode under the guidance of nursing interventions on the children nursing intervention,compared two groups of children with anxiety and depression,the quality of basic nursing qualification rate and patients satisfaction with nursing service.Results: The children of observation group family health knowledge is better than that of control group(P 0.05),to observe the qualified group of children with basic nursing and the rate of children with family satisfaction to nursing service was higher than that of the control group(P 0.05).Conclusion: Track extending nursing of children with Kawasaki disease can reduce hospitalization and hospitalization time,improve the degree of family members of the disease and the satisfaction of nursing services.


Abstract: In this chapter, the use of enzymatic techniques for the finishing of technical textiles is discussed. The chapter begins by discussing the various types of enzymes used in textile finishing. It then reviews the enzymatic processing of textiles like cotton, wool, silk and synthetics, followed by their application methods. Recent developments in assessment techniques and future trends are also briefly discussed.


Corporations are working under changing environment. To cope with these changes marketers are continuously involve in finding new ways to communicate their products and services. People have too many choices and too less time so communication becomes very critical. Changes in technology open a new door as mobile devices are common now days. Mobile advertisement is the most attractive channel to reach much targeted consumers. Mobile phones help marketers to directly communicate marketing campaigns with the potential customers regardless of geographical boundaries. Marketing through mobile devices is a key media to overcome clutter and to build personal relations with the customers. Mobile advertisement supports one-to-one marketing, personalized marketing and relationship marketing. The usage rate of cellular devices is increasing dramatically over the decades. Today even average income and some low income people use cell phones as a means of communication and the rate will increase with the passage of time. This shows how important this media is for communication. This research is conducted on mobile advertising because it has great impact on the performance of business. In this study, we scrutinize the attitudes of customers of Sargodha city (Pakistan) towards mobile advertising applications. We initiate and launch mobile message advertising applications as companies knows the importance of this channel in close to future and when companies devote more in adopting and mounting mobile media as a channel of communication. More precisely in this study we examine different factors that affect consumer attitude towards mobile advertising. A set of 200 questionnaires was distributed among respondents of Sargodha city in a survey. The results revealed that message contents of advertisement strongly affect consumer attitude towards mobile advertising.


Multiple surface searching with only image intensity information is a difficult job in the presence of high noise and weak edges. We present in this paper a novel method for globally optimal multi-surface searching with a shape prior represented by convex pairwise energies. A 3-D graph-theoretic framework is employed. An arc-weighted graph is constructed based on a shape model built from training datasets. A wide spectrum of constraints is then incorporated. The shape prior term penalizes the local topological change from the original shape model. The globally optimal solution for multiple surfaces can be obtained by computing a maximum flow in low-order polynomial time. Compared with other graph-based methods, our approach provides more local and flexible control of the shape. We also prove that our algorithm can handle the detection of multiple crossing surfaces with no shared voxels. Our method was applied to several application problems, including medical image segmentation, scenic image segmentation, and image resizing. Compared with results without using shape prior information, our improvement was quite impressive, demonstrating the promise of our method.


There are several major groups of multidrug resistance mechanisms. 1) The multidrug resistant phenotype. 2) Glutathione S-transferences (GST) and detoxification mechanisms. 3) Topoisomerase I and II. 4) DNA repair. 5) Drug activation by cytochrome P450 (P450). In this article the biochemical functions of GST and P450 are described to show how individual enzymes contribute to resistance to carcinogens and anti-tumor drugs. Cancer cell lines indicated resistant to anti-cancer drugs, such as mitomycin C, doxorubicin, tamoxifen, cyclophosphamide and their derivatives, by a high activity of GST and a low activity of P450 in general. However, the mechanism of change of these enzyme activities is complicated and different in each drug. We show the study on the mechanism of multidrug resistance using cancer cell lines.


The aim of the article is to determine the connection between F. M. Dostoevsky's creative work with the phenomenon denoted in the modern literary studies by the terms of "spiritual realism," "Christian realism," "religious realism," "symbolic realism," etc. The writer worked in the genre of realism, he called himself a realist, and it is easy to notice the features of social, psychological, philosophical and even political realism in his works. However, at the same time, there was always something else in them that was more significant and added unique originality to the writer's works. Many modern researchers believe that the foundations of this phenomenon lie in the common cultural European Christian tradition. Having studied various research approaches with the method of comparative analysis, author of the article comes to the conclusion that the most accurate term denoting the features of Dostoevsky's artistic method is "Orthodox realism." The writer himself called his method "complete realism," "realism in the highest sense," absolutely rejecting the label of a writer-psychologist. This circumstance has attracted the attention of researchers more than once. While studying their points of view and analyzing Dostoevsky's own views on the goals and objectives of artistic creativity, the author of the article concludes that "realism in the highest sense" is based on the principle of transforming the Orthodox view of the world into artistic imagery. Many features of this principle can be seen throughout Russian literature, but it was Dostoevsky who brought those features together, developed and strengthened the most productive of them, removed certain incidental and unsuccessful ones and created Orthodox realism as a full-fledged artistic method. Based on it, the novels of 1866–1890s and "The Writer's Diary" were written.


Crop behaviour and soils are not uniform within an orchard which have been the triggering factor for not able to break yield barrier through effective nutrient management programme. Better response of site specific nutrient management (SSNM) over recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF) including those of farmers' conventional fertilization practices (FFP) signals a wake-up call to address the fertilizer requirements on the principles of SSNM, if the full potential of orchard productivity has to be realized on a given soil type.  These observations also warrant to tailor the fertilizer application on the basis of spatial variation in available supply of nutrients in soil and tree canopy size within an orchard to minimize the gap between actual and potential productivity of citrus orchards.


Using the parameter-dependent Lyapunov function framework of Haddad and Bernstein this paper extends and connects some of the classical absolute stability results on discrete-time systems with monotonic and odd monotonic feedback nonlinearities to modern robust stability and performance problems for constant real parameter uncertainty. As in the continuous-time case, it is shown that an immediate application of this framework provides a generalization and reformulation of discrete-time mixed-/spl mu/ theory in terms of Lyapunov functions and Riccati equations while blending H/sub 2/ robust performance within the /spl mu/ framework.


The remote synchronization system for the onboard crystal oscillator (RESSOX) realizes accurate synchronization between an atomic clock at a ground station and the QZSS onboard crystal oscillator, reduces overall cost and satellite power consumption, as well as onboard weight and volume, and is expected to have a longer lifetime than a system with onboard atomic clocks. Since a QZSS does not yet exist, we have been conducting synchronization experiments using geostationary earth orbit satellites (JCSAT-1B or Intelsat-4) to confirm that RESSOX is an excellent system for timing synchronization. JCSAT-1B, the elevation angle of which is 46.5 degrees at our institute, is little affected by tropospheric delay, whereas Intelsat-4, the elevation angle of which is 7.9 degrees, is significantly affected. The experimental setup and the results of uplink experiments and feedback experiments using mainly Intelsat-4 are presented. The results show that synchronization within 10 ns is realized.


FANDAS (FAN Design and Analysis System) code is developed for the design, the performance and the noise predictions of industrial axial fan. In the FANDAS code, the 3-D geometrical designs for impeller blades and casing of fan are made through blade angle distribution, camber line determination and blade airfoil thickness distribution processes along blade span height, and their results are shown in GUI( Graphic User Interface ) window. Based on the design fan geometry, the FANDAS code automatically predicts the flow field inside fan and the overall performance map of fan by using flow deviation and pressure loss models. The noise level and spectrum of designed fan are also evaluated by the FANDAS code which contains noise analysis models for discrete frequency and broadband noise components of axial fan. All the performance and the noise prediction results are displayed on GUI windows. The simulation technique of the FANDAS code is coupled with the CFX code and applied to an actual air-conditioning fan design practice for optimizing design variables to maximize efficiency and minimize overall noise level of fan. The optimal fan design obtained from the FANDAS simulation results shows about 10% efficiency improvement and 11dB noise reduction compared with the commercial market product of a reference model, and its simulation results are well-agreed with the measurement within a few percent relative error.


During a briefing and several sessions held at the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, California, on 10–14 December 2001, oceanographers and planetary scientists met to review and examine recent advances in understanding oceans on the Earth, and potential bodies of water that may exist elsewhere in the Solar System. They also discussed new efforts to monitor Earth ocean processes and how a better understanding of our own planet could help with exploring other planets and moons for oceans and the possibility of life. Addressing this joint audience, John Delaney professor of oceanography at the University of Washington in Seattle, noted, "These two groups almost never interact with each other."


This poster presents some of the barriers and facilitators for Vietnam era Veterans in becoming and staying engaged with treatment for PTSD and other trauma disorders, as well as their preferences for engagement. Many Vietnam era Veterans have been coping with symptoms of PTSD on their own, to varying degrees of success, for over 40 years. As these Veterans engage with treatment, they may have different needs compared to Veterans of more recent service eras. In order to fulfill the VA's mission to serve those who have served, it is important to gain a better understanding of different groups of Veterans' needs and priorities for treatment. Analysis of the data from this pilot study is ongoing. We aim to gain an understanding of Vietnam era Veterans' conceptualizations of treatment and recovery in PTSD, including their goals, expectations, and beliefs. Further analysis will also include examining if and how the history of Veterans' interactions with the VA shape their current conceptualizations of PTSD and recovery. Our goal is to identify possible recommendations for providers to help tailor treatment for Vietnam era Veterans. Barriers


Henry David Thoreau Wikipedia Fri, 24 May 2019 06:57:00 GMT Henry David Thoreau was born David Henry Thoreau in Concord, Massachusetts, into the "modest New England family" of John Thoreau, a pencil maker, and Cynthia Dunbar. His paternal grandfather had been born on the UK crown dependency island of Jersey. His maternal grandfather, Asa Dunbar, led Harvard's 1766 student "Butter Rebellion", the first recorded student protest in the American colonies. BibMe: Free Bibliography & Citation Maker MLA, APA ... Fri, 24 May 2019 23:39:00 GMT


Introduction: Viral pathogens have been reported increasingly in pneumonia patients. There are few studies in Turkey on viral and atypical bacterial etiology in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). In this study, it was aimed to determine atypical and viral pathogens in patients with pneumonia requiring ICU and to research clinical progression. Materials and Methods: Adult patients admitted to adult ICUs between November 2016-October 2017 with either CAP or HAP diagnosis were included prospectively. Viral pathogens and also atypical bacterial pathogens were investigated with the in-house multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. Results: Two hundred patients were enrolled to the study, of whom 63 had CAP (31.5%) and 137 had HAP (68.5%). Viral agents were identified in 31 (15.5%) patients in total, 11 (17.5%) in CAP and 20 (14.6%) in HAP. The most identified viral etiologic agents were rhinovirus, influenza A, and coronavirus HKU. Eight patients (4%) had Mycoplasma pneumoniae. All patients were negative for Legionella pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Mortality rates were 16.7% for cases with a viral etiology only, 29.2% for cases with bacterial pathogens only, and 23.5% for cases with mixed agents identified. Conclusion: Viral pathogens and M. pneumoniae should be remembered in the etiology of severe pneumonia patients.


I. The various orders of change, 496. — II. Normal equilibrium with reference to short periods, 499. — III. Normal equilibrium with reference to long periods, 507. — IV. The relationship between short period normal and long period normal equilibrium, 519.


With the aim of promoting Amazigh language through human language technology, the Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture is investing a great deal of effort in producing necessary linguistic resources and tools. In this context, this article gives an overview of an original Amazigh verbal morphological processor based on Xerox's finite-state transducer platform. This processor consists of two main components: a lexicon including 3,637 attested verbs, and a set of rules covering the morphotactic and morphophonological phenomena observed in standard Amazigh texts. Its reliance on finite-state technology has ensured the implementation of an efficient bidirectional system for analysis and generation, achieving a rate of 91% of correct results in the analysis of standardized verbs. This Amazigh verbal analyzer/generator will significantly improve the performance of many natural language processing applications such as the Amazigh information retrieval system (Ataa Allah, and Boulaknadel, 2010a) and Amazigh concordancer (Ataa Allah, and Boulaknadel, 2010b) and will also certainly contribute to the implementation of other applications such as spellchecking, machine translation, and computer-aided language learning.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathogen of children with acute respiratory tract infection(ARI) in Hubei province and to provide some evidences for clinically anti-infection therapy and the pathogen tests.METHODS A total of 947 blood serum samples from ARI patients were collected.Indirect immunofluorescence assay was applied to detect IgM antibodies of 9 common pathogens.RESULTS Totally 882 cases of patients were detected with the positive rate of 93.1%.The positive rates of the aged ≤1 years,1y ≤3 years old,3y ≤6 years old,6 years old were 87.5%,94.3%,97.0% and 96.9%,respectively.Among the 9 pathogens,the positive rate of mycoplasma pneumonia(MP) was the highest,followed by FluB,RSV,PIV,ADV,FluA,LPN-1,COX and CPn.718(81.4%) cases of them were mixed infection,which were infected by two pathogens(MP+FLuB).CONCLUSION The main pathogens causing respiratory tract infection in Hubei are MP,FluB and RSV;the mixed infection mainly caused by MP and influenza B virus is more widespread;and there are significant differences in the different age groups.


Indian agriculture has been facing one of the worst crises since Independence. The contribution of agriculture to national income is declining at a faster pace compared to the percentage of population depending on it. The trends in profitability are not consistent across the years, which is a typical character of agriculture. A number of studies have tried to examine and understand the reasons; important ones include technological, environmental, and policy related. The poor performance and the declining profitability of agriculture due to one or more reasons have resulted in widespread household indebtedness, which is often identified as the main reason for the farmer suicides. This volume is a collection of papers in honor of Padma Bhushan Prof. Vijay Shankar Vyas who is amongst the first and leading policy economists in India. He has had significant policy contributions at the national and international levels. This collection is a reflection of his research interests and contribution to agricultural policy research. In total, 16 eminent scholars have contributed to the volume. These papers have been put together in a thematic format and deal mainly with five important aspects of Indian agriculture: Indian Agriculture: Policies and Performance, Resource Policies and Agriculture, Employment and Decent Work, New Trends in Agriculture and Challenges, and Experiences from Other Countries. It also includes a paper on China which deals with poverty and inequality in the context of reforms. Most of the papers provide an all India perspective. Though some of the papers are specific to the themes and locations, they provide valuable insights in to the broader array of issues and problems afflicting the agricultural sector in India. The authors through their contributions have touched upon issues that are dear to Prof. Vyas and also provide futuristic scenario of Asian agriculture of which Indian agriculture is a vital cog.


An advanced gate-stack design of ferroelectric (FE) transistors has been proposed and investigated for logic compatible program/erase voltage, better scalability, and suppressed depolarization field. The ferroelectric-metal (FeM) FinFET (FeM-FinFET) and stacked nanosheets transistor (FeM-Nanosheet), which have an FE layer on top of the transistor's gate, could adjust the area ratio (AR) between the FE capacitor (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${A}_{\text{FE}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and the MOS capacitor (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${A}_{\text{MOS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) (AR = <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${A}_{\text{FE}} / {A}_{\text{MOS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) using the floating gate between them, thereby enhancing the electric field on the FE layer. In particular, the proposed FeM-Nanosheet could have the flexibility to lower the operating voltage and depolarization field by increasing the number of nanosheets to reduce the AR.


My doctoral studies were supported by a graduate studentship from Trinity College, Cambridge as well as by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Programme under Grant No. DGE-1038596. Further research support came from UK Natural Environment Research Council's Field Spectroscopy Facility, ARCFAC (the European Centre for Arctic Environmental Research), Trinity College Cambridge, Sigma Xi, the Norwegian Marshall Fund, the Explorers Club, the National Geographic Society Young Explorers Program, the Scott Polar Research Institute, the Cambridge University Geography Department, the Cambridge University Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse, and Celtic Studies, and the Cambridge University Worts Fund.


I' i n ; i r y I 0 1 die case: .\ w+)iiiaii with tnixetltrllccl [m)elogenous] Ieukaernia, with greatly cml.iiged splccn. 7'ww weeks d t c r a i l ilttack of I Y I M I '15 ~)rol),ihly iiifhiciii.i, iCir leiikoc ytes U V I C lountl redutetl Iiom 36'7,070 to 7500, . . , ' I hr rpleen w a r much unallci the livei became m;iller later . . [and both] rcniainetl small 1c)r nianv month\. . . . Such a thange . . . lorces oiie 10 try to lecii t i something from it . . . 01 I hci 'ipeutic valiie." \in( e I ) o c k's observatioii.3 there Iiixvc beell ,itltIitional well-documented cases in which the pi ogress 01 canter was interrupted temporarily I n intcicurrent infcc tion.3, (;, ' ' 9 l o \iiioiig the experiments (lone in this field to intluc e infcc lion ab a thri npeutic nieasure, those or Solithain and M o ~ r e ~ : ' . ~ ~ with 1f%7est S i le xirus in humans with advanced lym~)homa are the most meaningful. E,vidertte of


In recent years, indoor courtyards are increasingly being applied to the interior design in the past because of" eco-design" and" green design" advocated. But how to find a way of the indoor courtyard design which has local cultural connotation is worth designers concerned about. Based on the analysis of a series of domestic and international cases, the ways of local spirit of the modern indoor courtyard design have explored.


Hybridization of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) with Chinese chestnut (C. mollissima), followed by backcrossing to American chestnut, is conducted to increase the resistance of resulting stock to chestnut blight, caused by the fungal pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. Backcross breeding is being used to restore American chestnut throughout its range, including cold high elevation sites in southern and central regions, and along chestnut's northern range limits. Until now, a comparative analysis of the growth and cold hardiness of American chestnut seed sources grown in cold environments had not been conducted. We assessed first-year growth and winter shoot injury (terminal shoot mortality that reduces apical dominance and results in a shrubby form) of American chestnut seedlings from 13 genetic sources: four southern, four central, and five northern seed sources, each representing one or more half-sib families, grown in a common garden in Vermont. No differences in height or diameter growth or in winter shoot injury attributable to the region of seed source origin were detected. However, significant differences in growth and winter injury were detected among sources within each region. There appeared to be a tradeoff between growth and winter injury: sources that had the greatest growth were generally the most vulnerable to winter shoot injury.


The tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is mutated in familial adenomatous polyposis and in sporadic colorectal tumors. APC forms a complex with β-catenin, Axin, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β and induces the degradation of β-catenin. In the present study, we examined whether APC association with Axin is required for degradation of β-catenin. We found that a fragment of APC that induces β-catenin degradation was rendered inactive by disruption of its Axin-binding sites. Also, overexpression of an Axin fragment spanning the regulator of the G-protein signaling domain inhibited APC-mediated β-catenin degradation. An APC fragment with mutated β-catenin-binding sites but intact Axin-binding sites also failed to induce degradation of β-catenin. These results suggest that APC requires interaction with Axin and β-catenin to down-regulate β-catenin.


We discuss the nonlinear characteristics of hybrid CdS devices at room temperature by using increasing absorption at a wavelength of 514.5 nm. Via the thermo‐optical properties, a self‐electro‐optic effect occurs due to the optically induced dissipation of electrical power. As a special application, the device can be utilized as an electro‐optic modulator for Ar+ laser light. In addition, voltage controlled optical bistability is also observed.


The remarkable development of Africanist studies in the Hispanic American republics during the past ten or fifteen years makes especially difficult the adequate evaluation of this accomplishment in the short space of time allotted for these observations. The widespread influence of the Negro in the social and historical evolution of Spanish and Portuguese speaking America, the infiltration of Negro elements in almost every region touched by the colonizing Portuguese and Spaniards makes complex a brief and succinct analysis of the influence of the Negro in this intricate civilization and process. That Hispanic America is developing a marked awareness of the importance of the Negro goes without saying. The sentiment of caste, of racial differentiation and ethnic isolation is decreasing as the tendency grows toward the study of the Negro as an integral element in the culture of these republics. The significance of this fact cannot fail to escape us. The Negro was studied in the past primarily as a phenomenon, as an object of curiosity and as a museum piece whose picturesque qualities were worthy of considerable attention. There was no profound sense of the significance of the Negro as an essential element in the history of the nationality; no conviction that the African heritage had a role to play in the forging of a new culture. The fundamental concept was that of the Negro as an extraneous element; an historical accident, whose characteristics, experiences and features deserved consideration, but not as a vital or effective integrating factor. So powerful was this motive that, for many years, scholarship did not approach the study and investigation of the Negro in this light. The twentieth century has witnessed a great change


Urban culture is the total of material wealth and spiritual wealth which people create during forming the urban.The urban culture image is the external sign of the urban culture,and pay attention to its extraversion even more.The urban culture image has many property,such as pregional property,radiate property,and so on.The urban culture image is condensing the soul of the city,it is invisible assets of the city,it is the motive force that the urban economy develops,it is the concentrated reflection of the region culture.Study on the image characteristic of urban culture,hold the trend of the urban culture,design and create the modern urban images with local characteristics and personality glamour and life vigor,they are the important tasks of designing and constructing the urban culture image.


This paper makes retrieval of and statistical analysis on US-authorized patents for invention in Hangzhou Area through the website of US Patent Trademark Office, and analyzes the retrieval results, retrieval accuracy and patent quantity.


In this paper we propose using a new approach, a nonlinear Hebbian learning, to implement acoustic signature recognition of running vehicles. The proposed learning rule processes both time and frequency components of input data. The spectral analysis is realized using auditory gammatone filterbanks. The gammatone-filtered feature vectors are then assembled over multiple temporal frames to establish a high-dimensional spectro-temporal representation (STR). With the exact acoustic signature of running vehicles being unknown, a nonlinear Hebbian learning (NHL) rule is employed to extract representative independent features from the spectro-temporal ones and to reduce the dimensionality of the feature space. During learning, synaptic weights between input and output neurons are adaptively learned. Motivated by neurobiological synaptic transmission in the brain, one specific nonlinear activation function, which can represent multiple independent neural signaling pathways, is proposed to process nonlinear Hebbian learning. It is shown that this function satisfies the requirements of the activation function in nonlinear neural learning, and that its derivative matches the implicit distribution of vehicle sounds, thus leading to a statistically optimal learning. Simulation results show that both STR and NHL can accurately extract critical features from original input data. The proposed model achieves better performance under noisy environments than its counterparts. For additive white Gaussian noise and common colored noise, the proposed model demonstrates excellent robustness. It can decrease the error rate to 3% with improvement 21 ~ 34% at signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)= 0 dB, and can function efficiently with error rate 7 ~ 8% at low SNR=-6 dB when its counterparts cannot work properly at this situation. To summarize, this study not only provides an efficient way to capture important features from high-dimensional input signals but also offers robustness against severe background noise.


African users are continuously using different technologies, in terms of applications, devices and services. Most of the technologies are developed in foreign countries and deployed in Africa for use. Despite the current technologies having enhanced and transformed some services, there are cases where some devices have been critisised. We plan to have a workshop on under-standing how African users would like technologies to be designed for them. We are particularly focusing on technologies that have had some loss of life during and after use in Africa. One such is the Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) when users are making banking transactions. The workshop intends to unpack current challenges facing users on technologies i.e ATMs and how African culture could transform the current design.


In this paper, we proposed a novel communica-tion solution for ship handling simulators by using both multiaddress broadcast and connection oriented socket, which has advantages such as few data flow, less of data blocking, easy to extent and deploy, access an exercise at runtime, etc.


BACKGROUND
In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended a shorter (9-12 month) multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment regimen (as compared to the conventional 18-24 month regimen) for patients without extrapulmonary TB, pregnancy, previous second-line TB medication exposure, or drug resistance to pyrazinamide, ethambutol, kanamycin, moxifloxacin, ethionamide, or clofazimine. The recommendation was based on successful clinical trials conducted in Asia and Africa, but studies, using mainly European data, have shown few patients in higher resource settings would meet WHO eligibility criteria.

METHODS
We assessed eligibility for the shorter regimen among U.S. MDR-TB cases that had full drug susceptibility testing (DST) results and were reported during 2011-2016 to the U.S. National TB Surveillance System. We estimated costs by applying the eligibility criteria for the shorter regimen, and proportional inpatient/outpatient costs from a previous population-based study to all MDR-TB patients reported to NTSS.

RESULTS
Of 586 reported MDR cases, 10% (59) were eligible for the shorter regimen. Of 527 ineligible patients, 386 had full DST, of which 246 were resistant to ethambutol and 217 resistant to pyrazinamide. Compared with conventional MDR-TB treatment, implementing the shorter regimen would reduce the U.S. annual societal MDR-TB cost burden by 4%, but the cost burden for eligible individuals would be reduced by 37-46%.

CONCLUSIONS
Relying on full DST use, our analysis found a minority of U.S. MDR-TB patients would be eligible for the shorter regimen. Cost reductions would be minimal for society, but large for eligible individuals.


The main sources of anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere of Murmansk are emissions from thermal power plants and boiler houses operating on fuel oil. As a result of the analysis of the dynamics of pollutant emissions from stationary anthropogenic sources for the period 1997-2019 it has been established that the level of air pollution is assessed as low; there is a tendency towards a decrease in gross emissions from stationary sources. The main pollutants from thermal power plants are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, and benzo(a)pyrene. Together with gaseous and liquid substances, fuel oil ash and products of incomplete underburning of fuel, which include heavy metals V, Ni, Cr, Pb, Fe, Sn, enter the atmospheric air. Technogenic compounds of heavy metals and other pollutants from the enterprises of the power unit, falling out with dust or precipitation on the surface and catchment areas of lakes, affect the formation of the chemical composition of surface soils, waters and bottom sediments of water bodies. This is reflected in an increase in the concentration of heavy metals (in particular, V and Ni) in the water and bottom sediments of the lakes of Murmansk in comparison with the background values.


This study by Fan et al in this issue of Acta Physiologica entitled "Orexin A increases sympathetic nerve activity through promoting expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Sprague-Dawley rats" sheds some light on the potential signalling pathways leading to cardiovascular activation with regard to increased sympathetic activity and neuro-inflammation and provides an interesting model for future work testing the neuro-inflammation-driven hypertension hypothesis. Orexin A is an excitatory neuropeptide with high levels of expression during wakefulness. Low level of orexin A is associated with narcolepsy. This system is involved in a variety of cognitive, neuro-endocrine and cardiovascular processes. Orexin A binds to Gq protein-coupled receptors, orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) and orexin 2 receptor (OX2R) but has higher affinity to OX1R. Activation of OX1R results in increased intracellular calcium level and nerve discharge. The orexin A system is found in neurones within the dorsolateral hypothalamus, which projects to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and regulates sympathetic outflow. Therefore, research related to neural control of the cardiovascular system has identified it as a regulator of autonomic health. The study presented by Fan et al illustrates that PVN-rostro-ventrolateral medulla (RVLM)-projecting neurons express specifically OX1R and not OX2R. Microinjecting orexin A in the PVN increased splanchnic and renal sympathetic nerve activities. These effects were significantly suppressed when an OX1R antagonist was administered, further clarifying the contribution of OX1R over OX2R. The authors have identified that, in cell cultures, neuron-like cells artificially expressing OX1R respond differently to orexin A than those that express OX2R. Exclusively, OX1R activation led to increased IL-6 and TNF-a, while OX2R does not impact pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. On the other hand, injecting orexin A into the PVN led to increased expression of IL-1b, in addition to IL-6 and TNF-a. Of importance, the neuron-like cells used in these cultures do not express IL-1b and the cultures also lacked glial cells to mimic the physiological environment of the brain. Increased sympathetic activity leads to microglial activation and increased levels of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-a in the PVN. Therefore, the present data indirectly confirm the critical role of glial cells in the production of IL-1b following orexin A stimulation within the PVN. Moreover, the effect of orexin A increases with longer exposure, peaking at 6 hours in vitro. Even without accounting for glial cell interactions contributing to inflammatory responses in the brain, the authors have provided convincing cell culture studies pointing to a significant contribution for the neurons alone. The physiological relevance of this finding becomes more interesting, as orexin A levels follow a diurnal pattern with increased levels in the morning and a drop by nighttime. During early hours in the day, orexin A levels in human CSF are >700 pg/mL. An obvious extension of this work would be to clarify the levels of orexin A in hypertensive patients or animals. Hypertensive patients present their symptoms with elevated systolic blood pressure during wakefulness and an absence of the 10% dip during night-time, called the non-dipping response. As orexin expression levels are regulated according to the sleep-wake cycle, there is a potential correlation with the non-dipping response. However, a consensus about this correlation is still lacking. Interestingly, orexin deficiency in humans is associated with night-time BP dysregulation leading to increased cardiovascular risk. 6 Administering orexin A in the PVN increases excitability of magnocellular, parvocellular and spinally projecting neurons (SPN). However, the orexigenic projections that modulate sympathetic activity are mainly glutamatergic spinally projecting neurons. This phenotype goes along with the data by Fan et al that increased Fra-1 co-localization with OX1R-expressing neurons contributes to increased excitability of functional projections from the PVN towards the brainstem and spinal cord. In Fan et al study, curcumin was used as an AP-1 blocker to prevent the increased expression of pro-inflammatory markers. Although it reduced the expression of IL-6 and TNF-a, it did not suppress Fra-1 expression. Fra-1 is used as a marker of chronic neuronal activation, and it is also a downstream molecule in the AP-1 signalling pathway. The data presented by Fan et al highlight that injecting orexin A in the PVN increases peripheral nerve activity within DOI: 10.1111/apha.13011


The structures of Bi3Ru3O11, a = 9.3050(2)Ǻ, Pn3, and Bi2Ru2O7, a = 10.2957(1)Ǻ, Fd3m, have been redetermined by Rietveld analysis of powder neutron diffraction data. For both compounds there is no evidence for appreciable oxygen non- stoichiometry . X-Ray photoelectron spectra of both compounds show unusual line shapes. In the case of Bi3Ru3O11 this is a result of the mixed valency and surface oxidation. In Bi2Ru2O7 final state effects appear to be important.


A procedure is presented for efficient generation of high-quality two- or three-dimensional unstructured grids of triangular or tetrahedral elements. The present procedure uses an iterative point creation and insertion scheme wherein points are created using advancing-front type point placement. Initially, the connectivity for these generated points is obtained by directly subdividing the elements which contain them, without regard to quality. This connectivity is then improved by iteratively using local reconnection subject to a quality criterion. For two dimensions, a min-max criterion is used and for three dimensions, a Delaunay in-sphere criterion followed by a min-max type criterion is used. The overall procedure is applied repetitively until a complete field grid is generated with a desired point distribution. Grid quality and performance statistics are presented for a variety of two- and three-dimensional configurations. The combined quality and efficiency attributes of this procedure appear to be a substantial improvement over existing methods.


1. Master Student of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture UniversitasSyiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia 23111. 2. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture UniversitasSyiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia 23111. 3. Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture UniversitasSyiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia 23111. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 25 January 2020 Final Accepted: 27 February 2020 Published: March 2020


Objectives: Music teachers contend that the arrangement of anterior teeth affects trumpet performance by influencing the embouchure. Since there is little quantitative data to support this claim, the purpose of this study was to determine whether trumpet performance skills are associated with the malalignment of anterior teeth. Methods: Following IRB approval, 70 trumpet students (55M:15F; aged 20-38.9 yrs.) from 11 universities were consented to complete a survey concerning dental history and trumpet playing habits. The students were asked to play a scripted performance skill test (flexibility, range, endurance, and articulation exercises) on their instrument in a soundproof music practice room while being audio and video recorded. A threedimensional (3D) cone beam computerized tomograph (CBCT) was taken of each student the same day as the skill test. Following reliability studies, overjet, overbite, and degree of anterior tooth irregularity (Little's Index) were measured on the 3D CBCT. Nonparametric correlations, accepting p<.05 as significant, were used to determine if there were significant associations between Little's Index in the maxillary and mandibular anterior dentition and any of the performance skills. Results: Interrater reliability was excellent (>0.8). Significant (p<0.05), but weak (r<0.30) associations were found only between Little's Index of the mandibular anterior dentition and the performance skills: flexibility (exercises a, c and avg) and articulation (double tongue). No other associations were significant. Conclusions: University trumpet students with mandibular anterior teeth that are smoothly aligned have significantly better performance skills than those with misaligned mandibular anterior teeth; however, the association is weak. Funding: IUPUI 3D Imaging of the Craniofacial Complex Center; Jarabak Professorship; UC University Research Council; UC CCM Dean's Fund; Anadolu University.


Objective:To study the inhibitory effect of a new anti-ATPase F1α antibody,anti-human angiostatin interacting and tumor metastasis involving protein (HAI-TMIP) antibody (MAb3D5AB1,GX),against lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 in mouse tumor model. Methods:The tumor-bearing mouse model was established by injecting A549 cells into the right infra-axillary dermis of C57BL/6 mice. Thirty-two mice were evenly randomized into 4 groups. The control group was untreated; group A,B,and C were treated with different concentrations of GX (125,250,500 ng/ml,respectively). The tumor volume,tumor growth delay (TGD) and survival time of mice was observed in all groups. Microvascular density (MVD) of the tumors was determined by immunocytochemistry and apoptosis of tumor cells was examined by TUNEL assay. Results:Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 implanted animal model was successfully established in C57BL/6 mice. Tumor volumes in all GX-treated mice were smaller than that in control mice (P0.05). TGD in all GX-treated mice was prolonged as the concentration of GX increasing. After treatment with GX,the MVD in tumors was significantly decreased (P0.05) and survival time was increased (P0.05) compared with those in control group. TUNEL results revealed that apoptosis rate of tumor cells of GX-treated mice was higher than that in control mice (P0.01). Conclusion:GX can inhibit angiogenesis in implanted A549 tumors and promote apoptosis of A549 cells,thus inhibiting tumor growth and prolonging survival of tumor-bearing mice.


Cavitation is dreaded in the pump engineering sector, because in real-life applications it routinely causes severe damage. However, centrifugal pump manufacturer Bungartz V-AN series pumps offer consistent reliability and are used as problem-solvers worldwide.


Abstract : A simplified linearized form o the equations f motion for the turbulent fluctuations is used to describe the turbulent field between the wall and the fully turbulent part of the flow. The mean flow in the sublayer and the turbulence field outside the sublayer are assumed to be known from the experiments. The thickness of the sublayer arises naturally in the t eory and is directly analogous to the inner viscous region for the fluctuations in a laminar flow. It is shown that the large scale fluctuations containing most of the turbulent energy are convected downstream with a velocity characteristic of the middle of the boundary layer. thus Taylor's hypothesis does not apply to these large scale fluctuations near the wall. The convective velocity found in the measurements of pressure fluctuations at the boundaries of turbulent flows is in accord with the theory. Calculations are given for the energy spectra and u' fluctuation level in the sublayer and other aspects of the fluctuation field are discussed. It is shown that the production of turbulent energy is a maximum where the laminar shearing stress is equal to the turbulent shearing stress.


[Objective] Poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) was introduced into poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate)(PBLG) to obtain block copolymers (PBLG-PEG-PBLG, GEG) by block copolymerization, and the effect of introduction of PEG on bacteria adhering on GEG surfaces was assessed. [Methods] The block copolymers of poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate) and poly(ethylene glycol) were prepared by ring-opening polymerization ofγ-benzyl L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride initiated by amine-terminated PEG(AT-PEG). Their structures, physical and chemical properties were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR), 1hydrogen-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (1H-NMR) and surface contact angle with water. GEG membranes were incubated in the solution with Staphylococci aureus suspended for 24 hours, and then the adhesion of bacteria on their surfaces were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). [Results] GEG could be obtained by AT-PEG initiating the ring-opening polymerization of γ-benzyl L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride. The introduction of PEG decreased the surface contact angle and the bacteria adhesion on polymer surfaces. With increasing the content of PEG in block copolymer, the surface contact angle and the adhered bacteria on surfaces of polymers decreased.[Conclusion] The introduction of PEG suppressed the adhesion of bacteria in some extent. The synthesized copolymers have potential use in the fields of pharmacy and tissue engineering.


We propose the persistent presence of randomly fluctuating, large-amplitude, long-timescale wavy spiral magnetic fields in the solar wind at all heliographic latitudes. These Alfvenic fluctuations can be generated by gradual evolution of solar coronal holes or by interplanetary Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities occurring around the two conical interfaces at ∼±30° where strong wind shears appear quasi-periodically during the solar minimum. Using this scenario, we offer interpretations for several recent high-latitude observations of quasi-periodic (i.e., ∼26.6 days) energetic particle and cosmic ray modulations from Energetic Particle Composition instrument and Cosmic Ray and Solar Particle Investigation sensor systems aboard Ulysses spacecraft.


This article brings the perspective of "Queer theory" to the field of Adult Education as a way of examining critically the notions of self, identity, and sexuality as they have been taken for granted within the field. Adult Education, like most fields of practice and research, assumes the Western ideals of the monadic self, clear and undisputed identities, and heterosexuality. However, the intersection of a strong postmodern voice in both academia and the popular culture, the increasing exploration of otherthan-hetero-sexualities in the media, and the foregrounding of sexuality in the work of adult education researchers (Brooks & Edwards,1997; Edwards, 1997; Hill,1995; Edwards, Grace, Henson, B., Henson, W., Hill, & Taylor, 1998; Tisdell & Taylor, 1995) forces the question of what relevance Queer theory has for adult educators. The Birth of Queer Theory The term "Queer theory" was first coined by Teresa de Lauretis (1991) in a special edition on gay and lesbian sexualities in a feminist cultural studies journal. Queer theory continues the postmodernist project of playing with the boundaries of such sacred binaries as male-female and black-white by deconstructing the heterosexual-homosexual bifurcation of sexual identity. The lavender-haired stepchild of postmodernism, Queer theory has quickly developed a multidisciplinary or even "postdisciplinary" approach to theorizing, attracting scholars from a wide array of social science disciplines. Sociologist Steven Seidman (1996) attempts to describe the advent of this academic adolescent: Queer theory has accrued multiple meanings, from a merely useful shorthand way to speak of all gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered experiences to a theoretical sensibility that pivots on transgression or permanent rebellion. I take as central to Queer theory its challenge to what has been the dominant foundational concept of both homophobic and affirmative homosexual theory: the assumption of a unified homosexual identity. I interpret Queer theory as contesting this foundation and therefore the very telos of Western homosexual politics. (p. 11) In spite of the fact that Queer theory has at its heart a state of permanent rebellion reminiscent of critical theory, challenging the hegemony of indelible identity categories and presumably making space for new ones, many marginalized social groups find Queer theory to be a serious threat to identity politics. Certainly many gay and lesbian political activists fear the erasure of the lives of real people in the complexity of Queer theory's linguistic theorizing. For adult education, a field with a strong commitment to organizing and political action, such apparent academic detachment, dissolution of polarized identities, and destabilization of a bounded and clearly designated self, Queer theory can be seen as an unwelcome newcomer. This is all the more so in that Queer theorists view themselves as bringing with them a radical and liberating new perspective, a mission with which adult educators have frequently identified. In many ways, Queer theorists seem to be coopting the mission of radical politics, but diluting its strength by doing away with clear identities around which to organize. Still, the opportunity to question the unitary and bounded nature of the self and the singular and permanent nature of identity deserves the serious consideration of all social science scholars. Three theorists stand out as early contributors to what has become known as Queer theory. The first is Michel Foucault whose History of Sexuality Volume 1: An Introduction (1978) first utilized sexuality as a source of knowledge to problematize power, and to position discourse as a form of resistance. Eve Sedgwick (1990,1993) situated same-sex desire at the center of her epistemology and her scholarly dissection of the heterosexual-homosexual binary led to the legitimization of gay and lesbian studies in academic settings. Finally, Judith Butler (1990, 1993) illustrated the performative nature of gender and brought the male-female binary into question. While the initial aims of Queer theory were to deconstruct and trouble the heterosexualhomosexual binary taken for granted in our culture, its purpose of critiquing "normal" may be expanding as Jagose (1996) describes: Queer has tended to occupy a predominantly sexual register. Recent signs indicate, however, that its denaturalizing project is being brought to bear on other axes of identification than sex and gender. Sedgwick (1993:9) makes an even stronger claim when she observes that, in recent work, 'queer is being spun outward along dimensions that can't be subsumed under gender and sexuality at all: the ways that race, ethnicity, postcolonial nationality crisscross with these and other identity-constituting, identity-fracturing discourses, for example.' (p. 99) It is through the problematization of normalcy that Queer theory offers the most important challenge to the "taken-for-granteds" of adult education. Tierney notes: The point of saying, 'We're queer,' is that it highlights difference in an effort to expose norms. In effect, we are outlaws--socially, intellectually, and linguistically. . . .we should challenge commonly accepted notions of reality; by doing so, we become academic outlaws. (1997, p.29). As adult educators the opportunity to challenge our pedagogy, our scholarship, and our own identities as academic outlaws is one we can hardly resist. Why Care about Queer? One of the questions we have to ask ourselves as adult educators is why we should care about Queer theory? We might especially wonder this if we have never thought of ourselves as "queer" and have more or less taken it for granted that we are "straight". A discussion of a few of the possibilities are explored here: (1) Sexuality as a site of learning. Charles Lemert, in his preface to Queer Theory / Sociology (1996), tells us that the reason all of society (and we would add adult educators) should care about Queer theory is that it challenges the limitations we place on how we structure and label our lives: Queer theory is one of the most important developments in social theory today precisely because it has so devastatingly completed the process of queering the naïve assumptions of our most cherished traditions. Earlier developments in race, feminist, and postcolonial theories have disabused the social and human sciences (as well as sturdier souls in the general public) of the naïve modernist notion that "all men are created equal"--that humans are, thereby, of one ideal, universal kind. Queer theory, in effect, completes the process, which, as Seidman reminds us, Weber called the disenchantment of social life. Once gay and lesbian social experience is disenchanted of its negative status as a form of deviant behavior, we who have neither enjoyed nor suffered the experience itself begin to see just what we have denied for so long. We can see that desire and sexuality are very much more than mere, even minor, features of social life. They are, in fact, constitutive elements every bit as central as race, gender, or class. (p.viii) So the foregrounding of sexuality in research and education serves to break the silence that has traditionally surrounded sexuality in scholarly settings. Sexuality is a subject fraught with moral and commercial exploitation. We have few sites within our culture within which a person or group of persons can explore their own sexuality or sexuality as a social phenomenon. As adult educators, we must help open spaces where sexuality can be explored rather than exploited. (2) Normalcy as an obstacle to learning. Perhaps no greater barrier to learning exists than the hegemony of normalcy and the specification of deviancy. Individuals who deviate from the norm are typically viewed as morally bad, intellectually wrong, psychologically pathological, politically incorrect, or socially inferior. However, if we can truly engage the differences in others and ourselves, the differences are what are likely to be our most powerful teachers. In fact, the privileging of "exorbitant normality" (Spivak, 1992) enables just the sort of blindness that inhibits reflection and critical reflection on ourselves and our societies and permits the smugness and bigotry that can no longer have a place in a multicultural world. In sexual terms, Warner (1993) refers to the normative assumption that heterosexual relationships are the only form of sexual intimacy in this society as "heteronormativity." Such a taken-for-granted perspective on sexuality has kept us from making space for and acknowledging other sexualities among those adults with whom we work, and has made us blind to the questions of heterosexual development, not to mention queer sexual development. (3) Building learning communities on identities of difference. Identity has traditionally been seen as an individual "possession" that links us to others like us and allows us to form communities. Identity politics have always depended on separateness and exclusion for its political power. In this vein, many other-than-heterosexual identity communities have proliferated over the last three decades. However, the struggle with naming that occurs in the attempt to be inclusive can border on comical. Are we gay and lesbian or bisexual, gay, lesbian, and transgendered, or what? The appeal of Queer is that it offers an identity label of sexual possibility. Rather than being limiting, identity becomes mutable and contextual. As recent research on women's sexual development is beginning to indicate (Brooks, 1999), sexuality for women at any rate is not at all the stable experience most people assume. Queer theory enables differences that may defy current categorization to emerge, and it makes space for the unimaginable as well as the silenced. Relevant to our discussion of adult education, Britzman (1998) notes that pedagogy must be seen ". . . as a technique for acknowledging difference a


The invention belongs to the technical field of analysis detection, and particularly relates to a silicon nanowire biosensor for detecting organophosphorus pesticide residues and a preparation method thereof. The biosensor adopts a field effect transistor constructed based on semiconductor silicon nanowires as a converter, adopts organophosphorus hydrolase as a biosensing element, and realizes the high-sensitivity detection of organophosphorus pesticides. The preparation method comprises the following steps: manufacturing a field effect transistor which uses semiconductor silicon nanowires as channels; manufacturing a silicon face PDMS sample-storing pool; performing activation and modification of the surfaces of the silicon nanowire channels of the field effect transistor; connecting organophosphorus hydrolase to the surfaces of the silicon nanowire channels. Organophosphorus pesticides can be decomposed into phosphorus-containing organic acids and alcohols under the action of organophosphorus hydrolase; the generated organic acids can change the pH environment of the silicon nanowire channel surfaces; and the change of pH can influence the electrical properties of the field effect transistor. The biosensor has very high detection sensitivity for organophosphorus pesticides, is applicable to large-scale batch production, and can reduce sensor cost.


, "luliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Abstract Introduction. In our department the standard surgical procedure for multinodular goiter used to be subtotal resection. Over the years, total thyroidectomy has progressively replaced subtotal resections and is performed in most of our patients at present. Patients and Methods. In a prospective cohort, observational study, we assessed the immediate surgical outcome in 742 consecutive patients with multinodular goiter (MNG), admitted for surgery and operated in our hospital. Of all patients, 664 were women (89.5%) and 78 men (11.5%), aged 15 to 85 years, mean (±SD) of 48 ±13.8 years. Pathology was done on frozen and permanent sections. The complications directly related to surgery in subtotal thyroidectomy (STT) were compared to total thyroidectomy (TT) or near-total thyroidectomy (NTT) patients: temporary hypoparathyroidism, temporary RLN injury, permanent hypoparathyroidism and permanent RLN injury. The y} test (95% confidence interval) was used and values of p<0.05 were considered significant. Results. There were no significant differences among the patients with SST for MNG, NTT or TT , and TT for recurrent MNG or completion thyroidectomy, with respect to temporary and permanent RLN injury. Significant differences were found for temporary hypoparathyroidism in STT for MNG (9 out of 361 patients. 2.45%) and NTT or TT for MNG (21 out of 266 cases, 7.89%) (p<0.01) and between STT for MNG (9 out of 361 cases, 2.45%) and TT for recurrent MNG for completion thyroidectomy (8 out of 45 cases, 17.77%) (p<0.01) and no difference between NTT or TT for MNG (21 out of 266 cases, 7.89%) and TT for recurrent MNG or completion thyroidectomy (8 out of 45 cases, 17.77%) (p=0.11). We registered no permanent hypoparathyroidism in our patients. Conclusions. Total thyroidectomy is now the preferred option for the management of patients with bilateral benign MNG. However, TT is associated with a considerable rate of complications, higher than of STT. In patients with bilateral MNG and no malignancy, STT remains in our opinion, a valuable option. Key words: multinodular goiter, subtotal thyroidectomy, total thyroidectomy. ^Correspondence to: V. Muntean, CF Clinical Hospital, Republicii Rd.18, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Tel: +40-722704401; Fax: +40264-450394; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Acta Endocrinologica (Buc), vol.V no. 4, p. 471-488, 2009


Oriented by the critical method, Douglas Kellner disqualifies the line of orthodox Marxism, too focused on economy, and follows the political-culturalist approach, which is theoretically based on the immanent critique. He seeks an approach that preserves ideological criticism in the sense of class domination criticism, while incorporating at the same time other critiques that better reflect contemporary culture – issues of gender and race, for example. Under this view, Kellner advances in the research and analysis of cultural productions related to cinema and television, always linking them to the historical context of the United States. His analysis, at first, is aligned with immanent critique, but, in the end, he seems closer to transcendent critique, as it takes the form of a classificatory report.


We have been investigating the basic characteristics of an imaging plate (IP) to develop a new type of ultra-heavy particle detector. To acquire the information on the deposited energy, photostimulated luminescence (PSL) from the injection position has been utilized usually, which occurs by scanning the surface of the IP with laser beam after the exposure of particles. However, for the use of the PSL, there is a disadvantage that the PSL fades as with time. On the other hand, when heavy particles are injected to the IP, prompt luminescence (PL) also occurs from the injection position at the instant. We have succeeded in detecting the prompt luminescence from each heavy particle with the energy of several hundred MeV/n. Since the PL is useful for quick detection of the injection position, the PSL data can be read within a few seconds by scanning the determined position before the serious fading effect arises.


To understand Title 2 of the Texas Family Code one must understand that both general and specific problems created a need in Texas for a comprehensive enactment regulating the major legal aspects of the parent-child relationship. Over the years, Texas had developed a hodgepodge of case law and legislation. Statutes were passed in the 19th and early 20th centuries as answers to problems and needs facing an essentially rural, agricultural state, and in keeping with 19th-century notions of morality, economics, psychology and sociology; they may have had value as antiquities, but in most instances they were a poor framework to decide issues of family life in a late-20th-century, mobile, urban society that did not exist as recently as a decade ago. The legal backdrop of the legislation passed by the Texas Legislature in 1973 is perhaps not unique to Texas, but a general description of Texas' law prior to January 1, 1974, may help explain what is otherwise puzzling in Title 2.


In this practical text the term "hunger diseases" is used to include all those disorders that are based on a lack of self-esteem. The author deals with a wide variety of problems in this area, not just involving anorexia, bulimia and obesity, but also including hunger in depressives, gastrointestinal disturbances, cardiovascular disorders and their relationship to hunger for attention, as well as emotional hunger in life-threatening situations involving serious illnesses and starvation. The theme is not restricted to a purely medical view, but also encompasses sociological, political, philosophical and religious considerations. The book is intended for psychiatrists, psychologists, psychotherapists, secondary school teachers, general medical practitioners, health care professionals and social workers.


We report our experimental and theoretical progress towards elucidating the nonlinear optical response of nanosuspensions. To date, we have devised a fiber-optic variant of the Z-scan method to accurately measure the nonlinearity of liquid nanosuspensions. Furthermore, we shall show that the optical nonlinearity may be properly accounted theoretically by including both the virial coefficients for the soft-condensed matter system in addition to the exponential term, which does not account for particleparticle interactions, yielding an effective or renormalized Kerr effect in many cases.


A miniature laser vibrometer system (LVS) that uses a proton-exchanged LiNbO/sub 3/ multifunctional integrated optic circuit for signal processing is discussed. The system uses a pigtailed 0.83- mu m laser diode as the source and common-path interferometry to provide a phase-insensitive fiber-optic probe for monitoring moving or vibrating parts. The LVS provides a 55-dB signal-to-noise ratio for 3-kHz bandwidth, even when monitoring parts with relatively low (1%) reflectivity. The optical components and all electronics are housed in an 11.5-cm*10.5-cm*4.2-cm package which operates from a +or-15-V, 300-mA supply.<<ETX>>


Planning system conducted by PT YANMAR Indonesia is the ordering in the time allowed for the entire Part, companies often charge a fee high enough to issue stock. These problems originate in the determination of inappropriate messaging plan that causes the size of the total cost of inventory.
The research analyzed mathematically to determine an efficient messaging plan with the system plans an appropriate message to the company condition, ie EOQ using multiple items to obtain facilities, Part clasification then conducted into three classes based on the ABC classification, which was then followed by using a calculation based spare parts ordering plan company policy
and the proposed method.
From the calculation based messaging plan proposed method obtained the number of spare parts must be ordered for each class is a class A 579 units, 325 units for the class B and class C units to 5807 by the time the message working days. Efficient costs obtained for 14% every annum, the total cost of inventory based on company policies USD.256.017.443 and the proposed method USD. 238.507.620,-


The article presents self-examination the writer made on the problems about objective after reading Mr Jin Guantao's philosophical analysis in his book System Philosophy on system evolution problems.Various misunderstandings prevalent in the field of philosophy are studied,too.


Introduction:
Mycobacterium abscessus is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium ubiquitous in the environment, which rarely causes endovascular infections. We report the first published case, to the best of our knowledge, of M. abscessus endocarditis in a patient with Marfan syndrome.
Case presentation:
A female in her 40s with a history of Marfan syndrome status-post mechanical aortic valve replacement and a chronic indwelling venous access port presented with a 2-day history of confusion and 3-month history of intermittent fevers. Her blood cultures grew M. abscessus. An echocardiogram revealed a 1 cm vegetation attached to the prosthetic aortic valve and a perivalvular abscess. The patient was started on imipenem/cilastatin, amikacin and linezolid. Her course was complicated by septic emboli to the brain and subarachnoid haemorrhage. She was deemed a poor surgical candidate. The patient ultimately developed cardiac arrest and died.
Conclusion:
M. abscessus endocarditis is rare and is associated with high mortality. Late recognition of M. abscessus as a causative pathogen of endovascular infection, extensive antimicrobial resistance and limited surgical options at the time of diagnosis make the management of M. abscessus endocarditis very challenging.


In this study, a new digital image watermarking algorithm based on moment-based image normalization and the two dimensional dual tree complex wavelet transform (2D DT-CWT) was developed. Normalization provides robustness against geometrical distortions, whereas 2D DT-CWT increases robustness for attacks such as additive noise, linear and nonlinear filtering, JPEG compression. It was accomplished that added watermark achieves both transparency and robustness requirements by taking the properties of the human visual system account.


This package is work in progress, therefore I would be happy to hear your feedback and ideas how to improve the package. The head version of the source code can be found on github. com/samcarter/tikzlings, including a bug tracker – please make constructive use of it! If you seek any other assistance (not bug reports/feature requests), I suggest asking a question at topanswers.xyz/tex. A more stable package version can be found on CTAN (https:// www.ctan.org/pkg/tikzlings) and is included in both MiKTEX and TEXLive as TikZlings.


In this paper, a new method is proposed to detect abnormal regions in colonoscopic images by patch-based classifier ensemble. Through supervised learning from image patches of various sizes, a set of basic SVM classifiers is trained for each size. A diagnostic model can then be constructed based on the ensemble of basic classifiers which is then used to detect abnormal regions in colonoscopic images. The multiple sizes of patches provide multiple level representation of the image content, which can help improve detection results. Several fusion criteria are explored to determine the final output of the ensemble. Experimental results show promising performance of our proposed method.


Approaches to formation and maintenance of technological databases and knowledge with use of models complex, realizing intellectual information support of projecting the assembly technological processes of aviation equipment on the principles of CALS technologies are stated.


Prestack Stolt residual migration can be applied to seismic images that are depth migrated using wavefield extrapolation techniques. This method has significant advantages over other methods that estimate interval velocity functions for depth migration. It is more accurate than methods that are based on focusing the stack of migrated images by a residual NMO operation, so it provides a more accurate estimate of the correct migration velocities. Also, it is conceptually simpler and easier to implement than traveltime tomography methods. Although the theory is developed assuming constant velocity, the method can be used for depth‐migrated images produced with smoothly varying velocity models, since the residually migrated images depend only on the ratio of the reference and updated velocities. This method closely resembles Stolt‐stretch techniques, so it inherits the Stolt method's speed and convenience. The main applications of this method are in migration velocity analysis (MVA), where it can be used to i...


ABSTRACT Knowing the concentrations of the nutrient elements in soils is important due to their toxic effect on humans and the environment. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of water quality, depths, and distances of lateral installation on soil chemical properties during turfgrass cultivation. A field experiment was conducted using a Split-Split-Plot design based on the randomized complete block (RCB) design with two treatments (well water and wastewater) and eight sub-treatments (45 and 60 cm distance of the laterals and 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm depths of laterals) in three replicates on a sandy loam soil, in Shahrekord, Iran. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm depth for measuring nitrate (NO3−), electrical conductivity (EC), and pH at the end of the experiment. During the experiment, fecal coliform was also measured at the soil surface. Results indicated that by increasing lateral distance, NO3− level increased in both layers. With installing laterals in deeper levels, NO3− concentration decreased at the beginning, then increased in the first layer, whereas in the second layer, NO3− concentration decreased. In addition, installing laterals in deeper depth caused an increase in soil EC in the top layer, but a decrease in the lower layer. However, the results showed that there was no significant effect of the treatments (well water and wastewater) and the sub-treatments (distance and depths of laterals) on soil pH. The results also show that with increasing laterals depth, fecal coliform level decreased at the soil surface.


An ultrawideband (UWB) radar system for remote ranging based on microwave-photonic chaotic signal generation and fiber-optic distribution is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. In this system, an optical-feedback semiconductor laser with optical injection in the central office generates photonic UWB chaos as probing signal, and two single-mode fibers transport the optical signal to the remote antenna monitoring terminal and return the corresponding echoed signal back to the central office. In the remote antenna terminal, the photonic signal is transformed into microwave chaos by a fast photodetector and then launched to target by a transmitting antenna, and the echoed signal received by another antenna is converted into optical domain by modulating a laser diode. The target ranging is achieved at the central office by correlating the echoed signal with the reference signal. We experimentally realize a detection range of 8 m, for a free-space target, after 24-km remote distance, and achieve a ranging resolution of 3 cm for single target and 8 cm for double targets. In another fiber link branch with 15-km fiber transmission, we obtained the 2-cm ranging resolution for a single target.


Airlines on average spend 10%-15% of their total operating cost on aircraft maintenance. Most of the airlines conduct their light maintenance checks in-house. These light checks have a major impact on flight schedules, delay rates and cost. A chronic challenge with airlines is assigning light maintenance checks to the hangars while achieving a balanced utilization of the manpower. This study considers airline's daily flight schedule, manpower needed for each check, the availability of manpower and expertise at each hangar, capitalizes on flexibility of performing aircraft light maintenance checks among potential hangars aiming at balancing manpower utilization. The results are very encouraging compared with existing practices. The model not only identifies which maintenance checks to be performed at different hangars but provides recommendations in terms of increasing/decreasing manpower needs. An airline application reveals that the model can help airlines with their strategic manpower planning strategies to achieve a high and balanced utilization of their maintenance manpower. KeywORdS Airlines, Manpower Planning, Simulation, Utilization


The paper introduced the strcture and working principle of plant lifter for tree industrialized seedling as well as main technology parameters and main characteristics,and application of plant lifter in tree industrialized production.


Detailed characterization of chemical beam epitaxially (CBE) grown CdTe and Hg1−xCdxTe layers are reported. These characterizations include photoluminescence, infrared transmission, energy dispersive x‐ray analysis, and variable temperature (10–300 K) Hall effect and resistivity measurements. The results indicate that high quality HgCdTe layers can be grown by CBE.


Administration of the Miranda Warnings to deaf suspects poses many legal issues. If police officers, judges, attorneys and psychologists are unaware of these, evidence obtained as a consequence of deaf suspects waiving their Miranda Rights may be inadmissible in court. These issues include the importance of videotaping the police interview, the use of sign language interpreters, the determination of the deaf defendant's reading level and communication capacity, the limitations of lipreading, and other psycholinguistic factors. Recommendations are offered to aid in determining whether a deaf suspect is capable of understanding the Miranda Warnings and how these warnings should be administered.


In this paper, the new application of IRCCD camera is introduced. This application is to detect a presence and location of natural gas such as methane or propane gas. In order to detect the presence and location of the gas, an infrared light source and IRCCD camera are used. The natural gas has the special absorption within 3 to 5 micron. When the infrared light from background surroundings goes through the gas, its intensity is reduced by this gas absorption. If the intensity which goes through the gas is very weak, it is difficult to observe the difference. The performance without infrared light source was evaluated before. It was difficult to apply for normal environmental monitoring. Therefore, the infrared light source to increase an intensity from background surroundings was used. To increase the intensity, irradiation to the background surroundings from an observing site, then the reflected light from the background surroundings goes through the gas into the observing site. Therefore, the reflected light which is added to emitted light from the background can be observed. It can make the performance of detecting the gas higher.


ABSTRACT Creep-rupture tests were performed in the combustion environment on double-edge notch and centre hole oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composite specimens. The specimens were exposed to the maximum temperature of 1250 ± 50°C in the notch region where the combustion flame directly impinged. Specimens were loaded to the desired creep load levels and the loads were sustained till either the specimens ruptured or a run-out time of 25 h was achieved. Optical and scanning electron microscopes were used to characterise specimen damage. The test results were compared to its counterparts in 1200°C (isothermal) laboratory air environment. At a given creep life, the applied creep stress for both the notch types was generally lower in the combustion environment than the laboratory air environment. Finite element simulations attributed lower applied creep stress in the combustion environment to the presence of thermal gradient stresses, which were not present in the isothermal laboratory air environment.


To improve the understanding on response mechanism of the vulnerable ecological system on the Tibetan Plateau to the climatic change,relationship between alpine grassland vegetation index and ground surface temperature from 1982 to 2006 is investigated over the Tibetan Plateau. The data resources are ground surface temperature( GST) data from meteorological stations and relative cell NDVI values quoted from the GIMMS NDVI database. Employing regression analysis method,correlations between alpine grassland' NDVI and GST by various time-scale and the annual changes both of them are focused on. The results showthat both of alpine grassland NDVI and GST showed positive trend from 1982 to 2006 overall the plateau. The trend of annual mean NDVI,NDVI in growing season,maximum NDVI and annual mean GST,GST in growing season were 0. 007,0. 011,0. 007 per decade and 0. 60,0. 43 degrees Celsius per decade,respectively. The area of maximum NDVI associated with GST accounted for 70. 49%. However,spacial heterogeneity in topography,climatic condition and hydrological condition led the complexity in the impact of GST to the growth of grass. The correlation between maximum NDVI and annual mean GST was found to be most significant; in reviving and withering period,NDVI and GST were significantly positively correlated. The correlation of the maximum NDVI to the GST clearly depended on bio-coverage: they briefly negative correlated for poor vegetation cover or degrading regions; but positive for the good vegetation cover.


There is a vast and enormous amount of data available in hospitals and medical related institutions. But, the amount of knowledge obtained from such data is very little. Applying IT knowledge for healthcare is an emerging field of huge importance for providing prognosis as well as a deeper understanding of medical data. Diabetics is actually a disease which is affecting many people today Early prediction of diabetes is an extremely challenging task because of the complicated interrelationship between various factors. This research tried to diagnose diabetes which based on 12 risk factors using data from 200 people and applied data mining and statistical techniques to predict the risk of being a diabetic patient. Statistical model has been created using Minitab with the application of the binary logistic regression model. The created model provided the way of predicting the possibility of having diabetics for any person and identified the most suitable risk factors which are most relevant to the disease prediction. Through this identified risk factors, we clustered the data using k-means. An empirical study has proved the effectiveness of our


Research on the influences of pollutant discharge reduction measures on the demand structure,characterized by the share of consumption in GDP and the ratio of consumption to investment,in China' 30 provinces from 2005 to 2009 were studied,showed that pollutant discharge reductions by engineering improved the element structure and enhanced the proportion of the second industry in GDP as well as the proportion of export in GDP.Therefore,the engineering discharge reduction could degrade the demand structure.Structural discharge reduction increased the proportion of the second industry in GDP but lowered the proportion of export in GDP,thus having a positive effect on the demand structure.Regulation discharge reduction improved the element structure,enhanced the proportion of export in GDP and lowered the proportion of the second industry in GDP,and thus finally had negative influence on the demand structure.In a word,the pollutant reduction by both engineering and regulation should worsen the demand structure,while the structural discharge reduction had positive influence on the improvement of the demand structure.


i 'tM . IC4JfR rl. 141t3S, wqwaskilled by.an aceident equvincod me that the former were' oelately normal in microseopical appearance. I have alsov 4xA1in1 ',4e,medulla and supra-renal capsule of the case in whch i brl Symptoms developed, but wvith negative result. The view,Vwlitk I *v disposed to lean is, that the majority of the case of Graves's *4iease are examples of a functional neurosis of the sympathetic And perhaps of the associated centres in the cord and medulla (especially ,the latter). In proof of the functiotal, in opposition to' the Qrganic, -t;or,y -may be urged the fact of the occasional sudden orijnof the -.iease, the complete recovery in some cases, the sex most frequently attacked, the rarity of the development of the symptoms dufiag pregpamcy, the frequent association with Qther forms of functiQoal, nerve->di order (insanity, etc.), and so forth. I am disposed to thiuk that a' tvfeak but irritable and instable condition of the cells Qf the ga of -he sympathetic, due to, or connected with, a similr coUdAjto' of$the' ,*ord.nd medulla vaso-motor centres (cardio-vascular), w-l caot fqr the palpitation as well as for many other phtu(omnwe6f the disorder. The thyroidal enlargement,ii,: I belioves a simplo hyper4rophy in which both the vessels and,glandular aubstacejofA,haprgan $tske part; and I do not think it is stroining factsto assui(that the iypertrophy is due to this instable and irritable conditiou of the.gan-I -gionic-cells, inasmuch as they most probably preside over;ia nuti ;tjion. I repiember a case of GrAves'a disease, in whic Ltho thyYtoid -nlarged rapidly in ote' dirnation, sending off a bud-lihesho,ov *bput the-size of a large filbert, during an attack of tonoilti this wprojection, which was firm and etire-ly devoid of pulsatiou,,1tmasA$v4§ntly compQsed of gland substat.e and not a simple vwcular dilataio,; it was interesting to note Uthats dring the attaok, which only ted a few day, the eyes stood, out much more promiaenMy;thau' i%fore, and receded as the temporary disturbance subsided., .-Tl& proptosis is more difficult to explain,.but I beliuve it depeds chiefly;tpon the conditions-all of which are responsible for the pheiDMOeaonpasnely, increase of fat in tie. orbit, -postocular capillary dilAtatlon, sad degeneration and relaxation of,the recti muscdes. I


We report about the influence of boron (B) on surface morphology of Si layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111) mesas. Dimension of step-free mesa areas is reduced in comparison to pristine Si and scales with the B-coverage. This can be explained by a reduced mass transport on the Si surface in the presence of B-induced √3 × √3 surface structure which is due to a reduced Si equilibrium free adatom density. We demonstrate that a suitable combination of initial B coverage and Si layer thickness results in large step free areas and B doping concentration up to 4 × 1018 cm−3.


We study the excitation redistribution from cesium 7P1/2 or 7P3/2 to neighboring energy levels by black body radiation (BBR) and inter atomic collisions using pump-probe spectroscopy inside a vapor cell. At low vapor densities we measure redistribution of the initial, velocity-selected, atomic excitation by BBR. This redistribution preserves the selected atomic velocities allowing us to perform high resolution spectroscopy of the 6D → 7F transitions. This transfer mechanism could also be used to perform sub-Doppler spectroscopy of the cesium highly-excited nG levels. At high densities we observe interatomic collisions redistributing the excitation within the cesium 7P fine and hyperfine structure. We show that 7P redistribution involves state-changing collisions that preserve the initial selection of atomic velocities. These redistribution mechanisms can be of importance for experiments probing high lying excited states in dense alkali vapor.


In this paper,According to the actual example that decides open-pit boundary of a coal deposit,a new formula is deduced that calculates boundary stripping ratio.This new method is superior to the traditional method of calculating pit limit stripping ratio,it is simple and it's calculating workload is minimum,which is of great significance to enrich the calculation of boundary stripping ratio in opencast.


This study aims based on brainwave and visual sensors to construct an attention recognition mechanism and apply it to develop a real-time neurofeedback system that can maintain an effective learning status. Through employing attention recognition mechanism, this system can activate a feedback to improve his/her attention in real-time when learners' reading attention was detected too low. In this investigate, a total of 30 students from one high school in South Taiwan were recruited to participate in this experiment. Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education issue have received a lot of attention. Researchers, educators, practitioners, and business communities forwarded several high profile proposals to improve competitiveness in science and technology development (Kuenzi, 2008). On the other hand, learning is an active processes of cognition, especially (Freeman et al., 2014). Schneps, Thomson, Chen, Sonnert, and Pomplun (2013) noted that sustain learner's attention is a very important in learning activities. According to attention can increase memory, comprehension, and cognition, which further improving learning performance. Hence, we develop a real-time neurofeedback system to enhance learner's attention in reading e-book. In this study, participants had asked to wear NeuroSky to reading e-books during experimental progress. The brainwave functions automatically activated to detect learner's attention. The briefly data had collected and analysis. The results indicate the neurofeedback can provide a way of feedback to affect learner's brain state to maintain an effective learning status, and further improving their learning performance. In the future, we suggest that designing further experiments to verify or enhance the principles and cues adopted. Different backgrounds variable can use to divide into difference group for investigating the influence of learning.


Food safety is one of the main problems related to food production and processing. The control of food contamination hazards in relation to physical, chemical and biological risks must occur during all phases of the production process, that is, from the acquisition of the raw material to the production of the final product that arrives at the consumer's table. Food industries need an effective quality system to exercise quality control at all stages of production. The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system stands out today as the most important quality control system in the food industry, capable of identifying the likely risks of contamination within a specific process and the measures preventive measures to control them, aiming at food safety.


The president's seat represents the dream job for most politicians. Presidents are power brokers, party leaders, role models, the daily focus of public opinion. Presidents speak for the nation, they are primi inter pares among national political figures. "They say," former Chilean president Patricio Aylwin once joked, "that the most difficult task after being president is getting used to not being president." Presidents, however, are not free from failure. And the completion of their terms, particularly in Latin America, is never guaranteed. This book deals with an extreme form of political failure: presidential impeachment. Impeachment transforms the luck of the most successful politician in the country into a model of defeat. Presidents are deprived of honor and power, deserted by former allies and voters, prosecuted as ordinary citizens, and many times incarcerated or forced into exile. In the 1990s, an unprecedented wave of impeachments swept Latin America. Dwellers of presidential palaces, from Carondelet to Miraflores and from Planalto to the House of Narino, unexpectedly confronted this threat. In just over a decade, between 1992 and 2004, six presidents faced an impeachment process, and four of them were removed from office. Brazilian President Fernando Collor de Mello in 1992 and Venezuelan President Carlos Andres Perez in 1993 were accused of corruption and ousted on impeachment charges. In 1996, Colombian President Ernesto Samper was charged with receiving illegal campaign funds from the Cali drug cartel. Congress ultimately acquitted Samper, but his political leverage was greatly diminished as a consequence of the scandal.


The use of advanced autodiagnostic systems is becoming a common practice for HV circuit breakers, as well for their auxiliary systems, such as protections, control circuits, etc. Their main advantages are the possibility to reduce the frequency of heavy damages and the mitigation of the relevant outages, and the possibility to avoid up-stream severe outages, such as the out-of-service of the main busbars of a substation. This paper covers a reliability analysis of a large EHV S/S, carried out by means of the adaptation of the classical Endrenyi models, both of the HV circuit breakers and of the three-state switching sequences; a dependability analysis by means of frequency and duration reward models has been developed, in order to take into account the importance of the different rewards of the faults consequences.


The effects of wheat grinding degree and moisture content of fresh Daqu on the quality of mechanized-compressed high-temperature Daqu were investigated.After 28 d culture of Daqu,some indexes of sample Daqu were measured including the acidity,moisture content,saccharifying power,fermenting power,microzyme number,mold number,bacillus number,lactic acid bacteria number,and acetic acid bacteria number etc.The results suggested that the indexes of product Daqu were the best as wheat grinding degree was 57 % and moisture content of fresh Daqu was 39 %.


This research aims to investigate student-generation and elaboration of visual representations as a tool for promoting understanding of difficult conceptual domains. The paper focuses on students' naturally occurring representational practices as identified in an activity of student-generated representations (SGR). The research is based on observations of pairs of students, ages 10--14, generating representations while trying to understand the phenomenon of the moon phases. The activity involves a few stages. First, each student generates a representation to promote his or her own understanding of the phenomenon. Then, the students negotiate and co-construct representations with their peers. Finally, they design representations for explaining the phenomenon to an external audience. The analysis identifies various representational practices utilized by students for making sense of the phenomenon, developing explanations, and communicating their ideas to their peers. The analysis examines how these practices support students in achieving some cognitive and communicative goals.


In this paper, we propose a new BIST method for analog and mixed-signal circuits test based on pseudorandom testing. Firstly we use pseudo-random sequence as testing stimulus, and we can obtain K-dimensional signature space by calculating the cross-correlation function of input and output sequences. Secondly, we can analyze and diagnosis the circuits under test (CUT) by signatures in the signature space, not in the performance space. The major advantages of this new scheme are: 1) a universal input stimulus (pseudorandom sequence) is used and thus test generation can be avoided, and 2) signatures for high quality testing can be easily constructed and thus testing cost can be minimized.


Mobile broadband (MBB) is one of the critical goals in fifth-generation (5G) networks due to rising data demand. It provides very high-speed internet access with seamless connections. Existing MBB, including third-generation (3G) and fourth-generation (4G) networks, also requires monitoring to ensure good network performance. Thus, mobile network operators (MNOs) regularly monitor their network performance to meet user satisfaction. This paper presents a performance evaluation of existing MBB networks in Ibra city, Oman. The data measurements were collected through drive tests from two MNOs supporting 3G and 4G technologies: Omantel and Ooredoo. Several performance metrics are measured during the drive tests, such as signal quality, throughput (downlink and uplink), ping and handover rates. Measurement results demonstrated that the tested area has been covered with 4G networks and records an average throughput with downlink and uplink approximately 20 Mbps and 15 Mbps, respectively, with a minimum average ping and packet loss of 36.5 ms and 0.14, respectively, overall MNOs.


Due to the continuously expanding scale of the Internet and increasing demand for highly available networks, there is strong desire for provider-aggregatable (PA) addressing and the accompanying multi-address-based multihoming scheme, which can efficiently reduce the size of the global routing table in core routers and boost the availability of networks. The growing demands on PA addressing (e.g., address space allocation, renumbering) will require that network service providers (NSPs) put more efforts into addressing-related management tasks in the future. To relieve NSPs from the complex tasks and heavy burden of manual operation, in this paper we introduce an inter-autonomous system (inter-AS) address space (re)allocation planning scheme (ASAP) in the context of hierarchical automatic address number allocation (HANA). By introducing multiple functionalities, (i) chained request, (ii) defragmentation with the minimum renumbering overhead, and (iii) parallel Probe/Reservation processes, into HANA, HANA/ASAP offers NSPs an easy-to-use and powerful tool supporting inter-AS automated address space (re)allocation adjustment in a distributed manner. Simulations have been conducted to observe the effect of HANA/ASAP in PA from the aspects of address efficiency, address conservation, and renumbering overhead.


C~awdinate Measuring Mat hines (CMMs) coupled with computers have provided new. tx~werihl capabilities in the field ot manufacturing quality control Most CMMs in use today rely on tx)int sampling to evaluate the specified dimensions and tolerances: we measure the c~x~rdinates in several selected points, and make conclusions about the entire surfilce Several different sampling patterns have been pro~sed In this paper, we describe the.retical and experiment;d zesults on choosing the best sample pattern lot practkal CMM applications