In some ways, the value of the book lies more in its descriptions of the urban context and the complex skein of ethnic relations than in its conclusions, which are unsurprising and predictable. Voluntary segregation, reinforced by Israeli urban policies of strict communal separation and enforced power differentials, is the overwhelming fact of life in the city, coloring all interactions. Even in the economic sphere, Romann and Weingrod suggest, ethnic identity plays a greater role than is the case in other mixed cities; transactions must be mediated through brokers or otherwise "camouflaged," and relations in the workplace are confined to roles clearly defined on an ethnic basis. The field observations indicate that the potential for bridging ethnic polarization contained in frequent urban interactions is neutralized by the all-encompassing mechanisms—formal and understood—that constantly invoke ethnic differences. Basic inequalities in the allocation of public resources and the insistence upon demonstrated Israeli dominance at all levels of interactions also play their roles. But it is the political and national competition for control of the city—which is itself only an aspect of the wider Arab-Israeli conflict—that in the end defines ethnic relations in Jerusalem, not localized forces or self-serving models of "segmented" relations in the "traditional Middle Eastern city." The authors compare ethnic polarization in Jerusalem to that of other mixed cities, concluding that Jerusalem is the most polarized city in the world—more so even than Belfast. Given, then, the extreme segregation that characterizes all levels of interaction, the Jerusalem case is useful for observing ethnic relations in conditions of conflict, but few lessons can be drawn from essentially local interactions and processes. Even the Intifada, to which a few pages are devoted at the end (the authors' data were collected in the early 1980s), has not substantially altered ethnic relations, in the opinions of the authors. Both authors display an intimate knowledge of Jerusalem life, and despite the predictability of their findings, their detailed qualitative descriptions of interactional settings offer cogent insights into the complexities of actual ethnic relations, the ways in which people from antagonistic groups negotiate a modus vivendi. Besides their own parallel research, done under the auspices of the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, Romann and Weingrod had at their disposal a wealth of data and analyses both of which they used to good effect. Living Together Separately succinctly and honestly portrays Jewish-Arab relations in contemporary Jerusalem. Although the authors are Israelis, they do not hesitate to draw the necessary conclusion from their analyses, although their aim is clearly to investigate the phenomenon of ethnic accommodation in a conflictual setting and not to pronounce judgments about it. The book is of value for social scientists and urban planners who wish to understand the dynamics of ethnically polarized cities, as well as for students of the conflict between Jews and Palestinians.


FINANCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2014-2020 AND CHALLENGES FACED BY EUROPEAN UNION Summary In modern history, global threats have never been visible to such an extent as at present. For several years, fifty global threats have been analysed for the needs of the World Economic Forum in Davos. The number of these threats is not decreasing, yet the degree to which some of them affect us does seem to change. Global threats are becoming a great challenge for management sciences. There emerged an urgent demand for design methods, processes and instruments of management. The paper presents examples of threats that are present in each element of the macrosystem: economy-society-environment-informationinstitutions, as well as the factors influencing the resistance of organisational units to these threats. As the key instrument, the national strategy for enhancing resistance to global threats is discussed. The strategy ought to constitute a collection of several strategies and detailed programmes, e.g. it needs to address the issue of climate change, long-term national spatial policy, or a programme of counteracting social exclusion and poverty.


Background:  The detection of the putative disease‐specific Helicobacter pylori marker duodenal ulcer promoting gene A (dupA) is currently based on PCR detection of jhp0917 and jhp0918 that form the gene. However, mutations that lead to premature stop codons that split off the dupA leading to truncated products cannot be evaluated by PCR.


The research is conducted to analyze the character in the movie Gone Girl that has a serious mental disorder which is a Psychopathic Behavior. The cause of the mental disorder in the character of this movie is because of her obsessive love towards her husband. In conducting the research, descriptive qualitative method is used to elaborate the symptoms of Psychopathic Behavior. The psychoanalysis perspective theory was applied to analyze every action that the main character has done which matches with the characterization of psychopathic behavior that cause by her obsessive love disorder towards her husband.


Remote plasma atomic layer deposited (RPALD) Al2O3 films were investigated to apply as tunnel and blocking layers in the metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor memory utilizing Au nanocrystals (NCs) for nonvolatile memory applications. The interface stability of an Al2O3 film deposited by RPALD was studied to observe the effects of remote plasma on the interface. The interface formed during RPALD process has high oxidation states such as Si+3 and Si+4, indicating that RPALD process can grow more stable interface which has a small amount of fixed oxide trap charge. The significant memory characteristics were also observed in this memory device through the electrical measurement. The memory device exhibited a relatively large memory window of 5.6 V under a 10/−10 V program/erase voltage and also showed the relatively fast programming/erasing speed and a competitive retention characteristic after 104 s. These results indicate that Al2O3 films deposited via RPALD can be applied as the tunnel and blocking oxides ...


Face Recognition is one of the most studied problems in computer vision due to its importance to areas such as forensics, surveillance, neuroscience and psychology. This work comprises a preliminary study of the face identification (one of the tasks comprising face recognition) considering large galleries. We analyze how the face recognition rate behaves under the presence of an increasing number of individuals in the gallery set, referred to as distractors. Nowadays, many realworld applications demand face search and identification at colossal scale. Therefore, we direct our attention towards the 1:N face identification task, where N, the gallery size, is extremely large. The idea behind this work is to study and evaluate the performance of face identification for such large face galleries. Keywords-Distractors; Partial Least Squares; Face Hashing; Scalability; Face Identification;


When people evaluate the engine NVH, they are not only mentioning whether the engine is loud or not, they say that is noisy or quiet. The difference between these two comments is the way they quantify the engine NVH, from the noise level or the sound quality. Lots of engineers used objective tools to quantify engine sound quality performance for years. In this paper, we would like to propose a novel sound quality matrix for the diesel engine which includes loudness, sharpness, mid-frequency, and high-frequency knocking parameters to perform the sound quality evaluation. In addition, an application case is described in this paper to demonstrate the usage of the new matrix.


Introduction Maxilla reconstruction is conventionally performed using metal plate or free bone graft1). However, conventional methods do not allow occlusal reconstruction to improve the patients' QOL. Recently, vascularized bone grafts have been used in reconstruction of the jaw bone2,3). After the jaw bone is reconstructed, implants are placed aiming to reconstruct occlusion. We report two cases using this reconstruction method.


In the social imagination, May ?68 often seems like an event carried by the youth -set up at that time more as an age category than as a real social class. For a whole decade "the youth" were the subject of worry and even of stigmatization, presented as a danger for society and its order. Yet, studies carried out in the wake of May showed that their values did not profoundly shake those of their elders. In spite of the outrage against the "rabid" of May, subsumed into "youth" in general, one quickly had the feeling that the outbursts of ?68 were merely a parenthesis, and that faced with an unchanged political system, the youth fell into a form of detachment, above all concerned with a crucial problem: jobs. Unemployment, even before ?68, affected them directly and soon became a major worry. From then on, it was especially in this social-economic area that the "conflict of generations" took on an importance.


A critical concern in the fabrication of targets for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is ensuring that the hydrogenic (D/sub 2/ or DT) fuel layer maintains spherical symmetry. Solid layered targets have structural integrity, but lack the needed surface smoothness. Liquid targets are inherently smooth, but suffer from gravitationally induced sagging. One method to reduce the effective gravitational field environment is freefall insertion into the target chamber. Calculations of London-Van der Waals forces between liquid deuterium and plastic indicate that the maximum thickness of the equilibrium liquid layer in reduced gravitational environments is dependent on the net gravitational acceleration. Deceleration from gas drag limits the effective gravitational acceleration to >10/sup -6/ g thus restricting the symmetric fuel layer thickness to 3 /spl mu/m. We show that augmented mass methods (mounting the target to a high density mass) can further reduce the net acceleration, increasing the permissible thickness of the symmetric liquid layer.


The characteristic of sediment erosion of the blade in a double-suction centrifugal pump is mainly studied because the blades of double-suction centrifugal pumps are widely observed to suffer severe erosion damage in water intake projects along the Yellow River. In order to clearly present the evolution of blade-erosion area for different sediment properties in real conditions, the experiment with multiple layers of paint method is designed. The obtained results show that the leading edge of the blade, suction side of the blade inlet, suction side of the blade outlet and pressure side of the blade outlet are easy to be observed with erosion. More important, relationships between the eroded area and operation time by using hyperbolic tangent function are firstly established, and this function can be used to predict the development of the eroded area of blades in long operation. The first section in your paper


Abstract The evolution of online education has some parallels with the development of the field of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). It has taken some time for professionals in the ...


1. Control, folate-deficient and vitamin B12-supplemented chickens were given [3', 5', 9 (n)-3H] pteroylglutamic acid by intraperitoneal injection. After various time intervals (1.5 h-8d) the incorporation of radioactivity into hepatic folate derivatives was measured. 2. The results confirm that avian species have a faster assimilation of folate than most mammalian species. 3. Folate deficiency increased the incorporation and retention of [3H] pteroylglutamic acid. The degree of folate conjugation was unaffected by folate deficiency but the formyl to methyl folate ratio was decreased. 4. Vitamin B12 supplementation had no effect on the uptake or conjugation of [3H] pteroylglutamic acid, but increased the formyl to methyl folate ratio.


Hypsometric analysis is useful for understanding the geomorphic stages of a river basin. Hypsometric parameters have been evaluated and curves are prepared forall the 20 sub-basins of Kali River. Thirteen sub-basins are found to be under younger geomorphic stages with high hypsometric integral (Ea) values and subjected to recent tectonic activities. The remaining seven sub-basins are approaching mature stage and subjected to more erosion and less impacted by recent tectonic activities. Six sub-basins with lower hypsometric head values (<0.56) indicate least effect of diffusive processes and another six sub-basins with medium hypsometric head values (0.60–0.68) depict moderate diffusive erosion. The remaining eight sub-basins with higher hypsometric head values (>0.75) indicate highest diffusive processes at their upper reaches. Lower (<0.28) and higher (>0.44) hypsometric toe values indicate minimum and maximum mass accumulation respectively at the sub-catchment mouth.


Agroforestry has been developed for community welfare. Agroforestry is a combination of forestry crops and agricultural crops.  Agroforestry management can not be separated from the active role of the community so that it is closely related to the role of men and women (gender) in managing agroforestry.  Sampling was carried out in September 2018 using the simple random sampling method. The method of data collection is interview using a questionnaire.  Data was tabulated and analyzed descriptively qualitatively using Harvard gender model analysis.  Agroforestry management activities carried out by farmers in Sungai Langka Village include pre-harvest, planting, maintenance, harvesting and transport activities and post-harvest activities (post-harvest activities and marketing).  The results showed men who opposed pre-harvest activities with a percentage of 93.95%.  This is because these activities are heavy work and require a large amount of energy so that they are suitable for work by men.  Women dominate pre-harvest activities such as post-harvest and marketing activities with a percentage of 93.02%.  This concerns this work is a light work and can be done while taking care of the household.


Introduction. Intravenous thrombolysis (IT) is the primary method of reperfusion therapy for ischemic stroke. Over the past couple of years, there has been a global trend towards the predominant use of the bolus forms of thrombolytic drugs that is caused by necessity to increase the reperfusion therapy rate to achieve its best outcomes.Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the use of non-immunogenic staphylokinase for IT in ischemic stroke in real-world clinical practice of the regional vascular center.Materials and methods. The clinical outcomes of the cohort of 50 patients who underwent IT with non-immunogenic staphylokinase were analysed.Results. The age of the patients ranged from 46 to 94 years and averaged 71.8 ± 10.0 years; 22% of patients were over 80 years of age. The NIHSS score at admission varied from 3 to 23 scores and averaged 11 (8-14) scores. 36% of patients had large artery occlusions. 14% of patients received a step-wise reperfusion therapy. The median door-to-needle time was 23 (18-26) minutes. 52% of patients didn't develop any infarction area during control neuroimaging. 62% of patients required no further rehabilitation. Hospital mortality was 12%. 18% of patients developed hemorrhagic conversion mainly in the form of hemorrhagic infarction. 1 patient had a symptomatic hemorrhagic conversion. Major bleeding and angioedema were not observed.Conclusion. The analysis of 50 consecutive cases of IT in ischemic stroke using non-immunogenic staphylokinase indicates the high efficiency and safety of this method of reperfusion therapy.


Abstract : A structural analysis employing finite elements is applied to a multiconductor armored cable with good results. The interactions of the cable components, i.e., armor, conductors, and plastics, are determined. Good correlation is shown between the analytic results and a test. The cable kink problem is also discussed.


In order to improve electronics reliability, it is essential to study electromigration (EM) in Pb-free solder joints. There are some phenomena of the EM in the solder, such as void formation and propagation, pileup or "hillocks" formation and intermetallic compounds (IMCs) morphology variation. In this paper, two groups of experiments are performed to investigate the effects of EM on IMC evolution in lead-free solder joints. One is a thermal aging experiment and the other is an EM experiment. In the thermal aging experiment, the IMC on the side of the substrate is thicker than that on the chip because the solder near the substrate suffers one more reflow cycle than that near the anode. In the EM experiment, under the influence of EM, IMC at the anode is thicker than it is at the cathode. In addition, IMC will dissolve and reform in the solder, and migrate from the cathode to the anode. Finally, IMCs at the anode and cathode are both thicker than those in the thermal aging experiment.


By measuring the decaying shape of the scatter-broadened pulse from the bright distant pulsar PSR J1644-4559, we probe waves scattered at relatively high angles by very small spatial scales in the interstellar plasma, which allows us to test for a wavenumber cutoff in the plasma density spectrum. Under the hypothesis that the density spectrum is due to plasma turbulence, we can thus investigate the (inner) scale at which the turbulence is dissipated. We report observations carried out with the Parkes radio telescope at 660 MHz from which we find strong evidence for an inner scale in the range 70-100 km, assuming an isotropic Kolmogorov spectrum. By identifying the inner scale with the ion inertial scale, we can also estimate the mean electron density of the scattering region to be 5-10 cm -3 . This is comparable with the electron density of H II region G339.1-0.4, which lies in front of the pulsar, and so confirms that this region dominates the scattering. We conclude that the plasma inside the region is characterized by fully developed turbulence with an outer scale in the range 1-20 pc and an inner scale of 70-100 km. The shape of the rising edge of the pulse constrains the distribution of the strongly scattering plasma to be spread over about 20 per cent of the 4.6 kpc path from the pulsar, but with similarly high electron densities in two or more thin layers, their thicknesses can only be 10-20 pc.


Introduction: Treatment with Retinoic Acid (RA) has proved to be successful in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients harboring the t(15;17) aberration (Dubois et al. Blood 83;3264,1994). Promoter hypermethylation of the RA receptor Retinoic Acid Receptor β2 ( RARβ2 ), a putative tumor-suppressor-gene, has been associated with gene silencing in several cancer types. Moreover, lack of RA response has been correlated to RARβ2 promoter hypermethylation (Sirchia et al. Cancer Research62;2455, 2002). Other studies have shown promoter hypermethylation of the this gene in t(15;17) patients and induction of demethylation, re-expression of the gene, and cell differentiation following treatment with RA (Croce et al. Science295;1079, 2002). Based on these findings we found it of interest to analyze the promoter methylation and the transcriptional status of the RARβ2 gene in a cohort of AML patients. Materials and Methods: Mononuclear cells from either peripheral blood (PB) and/or bone marrow (BM) from 229 AML patients were cryopreserved in DMSO and fetal calf serum. DNA and/or RNA were purified on a MagNa-Pure LC robot (Roche Diagnostic). Bisulfite treatment and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (Bisulfite-DGGE) for promoter hypermethylation analysis were performed as previously described (Aggerholm et al. Cancer Research59;436, 1999). Transcription levels were determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RQ-PCR), which was performed in a 7700 Sequence Detector System (Applied Biosystems). Results: We first determined that promoter methylation of the gene was absent in BM from healthy individuals. In contrast, bisulfite-DGGE analysis showed that 38% (87/229) of AML patients were intra- and interindividually heterogeneously methylated. While methylation was found to be present in all AML subtypes, (Table), patients harboring the inv(16) fusion transcript were significantly more often hypermethylated when compared to the other AML subgroups (χ 2 , p = 0.0003). Somewhat puzzling, RQ-PCR analysis of BM cells from 77 AML patients showed an increase in the transcription level of RARβ2 in 42% of the patients when these were compared to the transcription levels in BM from healthy individuals. Still, the group of inv(16)+ patients differed significantly from the other subgroups by being more often transcriptional inactive (χ 2 , p = 0.00004). Comparisons of the RARβ2 transcription levels in the methylated and unmethylated groups of patients revealed a repressive effect of methylation in spite of the general transcriptional up-regulation of the gene (student's T-test, p = 0.006). Conclusion: Promoter hypermethylation of RARβ2 in AML patients is present in all subtypes. Moreover, a correlation between methylation and transcriptional expression could be demonstrated even though the overall transcription level of the gene was up-regulated. Thus, it seems that successful RA treatment in t(15,17)+ patients cannot be correlated to the promoter hypermethylation status of the RARβ2 gene. On the other hand, the demonstration of a higher frequency of hypermethylation and gene silencing in inv(16)+ patients could indicate that the fusion protein created from this lesion might be involved in the mechanisms behind such epigenetically changes. Distribution of methylated and unmethylated patients with different fusion transcripts Table 1


ABSTRACT In recent decades, many western countries engaged in Military Operations Abroad (MOA), sometimes with over-stretching military engagements such as antiterrorism, peacekeeping, or humanitarian interventions. These aggressive postures pose a heightened risk to future deployment capacities and the ability to ensure a deterrence strategy in the long run. This study investigates a theoretical model to analyze the sustainability of military operations over time. In our setup, we define military capacity as a stock variable that can regenerate itself and deplete when a country engages in MOA. We present a sustainability theorem with the identification of tipping points in the conduct of MOA. Especially, engaging in excessive military operations leads to a relative 'demilitarization syndrome.' This underlines a fundamental trade-off between economic conditions and strategic ambitions. The model sheds some light on the dynamics of the military capabilities of a group of major western military powers.


Sir—The Board of Directors of the Jellinek Memorial Fund is pleased to announce that the Jellinek Memorial Award for 2012 has been awarded to Charles P. O'Brien, MD, PhD (Kenneth Appel Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania), for outstanding clinical research on the development of neurosciencebased therapy for alcoholism. The award was presented to him by Dr Boris Tabakoff at the 35th Annual Research Society on Alcoholism Scientific Meeting, San Francisco, California, on 27 June 2012. The Jellinek Award consists of $5000 (Canadian) together with a bust of the late E. M. Jellinek. The Board of the Jellinek Memorial Fund also wishes to announce that the Selection Committee for the 2014 award is chaired by Prof. Kathleen Grant. The specific category is 'Behavioral (Clinical and Experimental) Studies'. Nominations for this award can be forwarded to: Kathleen A. Grant, PhD, Professor and Division Head, Division of Neurosciences, L-470, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA. E-mail: email@example.com—by 15 February 2014. Nominations may also be submitted online at http://www.jellinekaward.org. It would be greatly appreciated if you could carry these notices in the next issue of the Journal.


As the representative works of fu in Han Dynasty(fu,a kind of descriptive prose interspersed with verse),"Terengganu Floor" written by Wang Can has always been the research focus.And opinions are widely divided about the main idea of this works.This article is based on the original notes by six ministers from "Selected Works".According to the analysis of the situation in Jingzhou at that time,the allusions and the specific sentences used in the works,the author tries to restore what Wang Can thought when climbing the stairs.At the same time,the author tries to reappear Wang Can's hesitated feelings in the face of a choice in his life.


The utility model relates to a microcomputer intermediate-frequency electrotherapeutic apparatus specially for treating cervical spondylosis in which a single-chip machine generates a plurality of kinds of frequencies and wave forms to carry out control, mainly comprising a natural traction magnetotherapy soft pillow, an infrared hot compress cover, a conductive rubber plate electrode, a self-sticking type magnetotherapy conductive head and an electronic circuit. The utility model is characterized in that the electronic circuit is composed of a control circuit, a wave form and frequency generator, a single-chip machine circuit which is regarded as a core composition, and in addition, the electronic circuit also comprises a low distortion modulator circuit, an intermediate-frequency amplification output circuit, a crest ammeter circuit, an output current foldback circuit, an energy source and overvoltage protection circuit, an automatic temperature control circuit and a speech circuit.


Objective:Use a new F-PCR method to develop a hepatitis C virus(HCV) diagnostic kit, test the kit through clinical trial and compare it with immunological method. Methods: Fluorescence PCR(F-PCR) is a method which combines PCR and fluorescence probe hybridization together to measure DNA/RNA. Because in-tube monitoring of fluorescence signal can be done to stand for the quantitity of PCR product. Electrophoresis and UV detection are eliminated, so after-PCR cross-contamination which causes false positive can be avoided. Results:A clinical diagnostic kit for HCV with this method is developed. 512 clinical serum samples were tested with this kit, using HCV FLISA kit from Abbott Co.and HCV Fluorescence RT-PCR kit from Biotronics Co. (B-PCR) as control. The results shows :positive rate is 30.5%,sensitivity 97.3 % and specificity 98.1% . Conclusion: F-PCR is obviously superior to ELBA, and higher than B-PCR in sensitivity. The specificity of those three kits have no statistic difference. F-PCR can be used to monitor RNA of HCV in serum, and could be useful for clinical diagnose and therapy effects monitoring.


SUBTITLE: A NEW GENERATION OF FORENSIC MONITORING TECHNIQUES WILL ENABLE ENGINES TO BECOME EVEN MORE RELIABLE -- WITH THE GREAT MAJORITY OF PROBLEMS BEING RESOLVED, LONG BEFORE THEY OCCUR. MARCUS GIBSON EXAMINES THIS REVOLUTIONARY NEW APPROACH.


Iodine deficiency has been reported to affect a large number of people in Ethiopia. Although significant progress against iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) has been reported worldwide, millions of people remain with insufficient iodine intake. Multiple factors may contribute to iodine deficiency. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate iodine deficiency and dietary intake of iodine. A cross-sectional survey design was used to assess urinary iodine concentration (UIC), goiter and dietary intake of iodine in a sample of 202 non-pregnant women living in three rural communities of Sidama Zone, southern Ethiopia. Urinary iodine concentration was analyzed using the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction, goiter was assessed using palpation and dietary source of iodine was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Data were analyzed using selected descriptive and analytical statistical measures with SAS software. Mean (SD) age, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and body mass index [BMI -Wt(kg)/(Ht(m))2] were 30.8(7.9) y, 24.8(2.5) cm and 20 (2.2) respectively. Median UIC was 37.2 µg/L. Participants with UIC <20 µg/L, classified as severely iodine deficient were 22.8%; 46.5% had UIC between 20 to <50 µg/L, classified as moderately iodine deficient, and 27.2 % had UIC in the mild deficiency range of 50 to <100 µg/L. Only 3.5% of the women had UIC ≥ 100 μg/L. The total goiter rate was 15.9%, which was 1.5% visible and 14.4% palpable goiter. A majority of the participants consumed Enset (E. ventricosum), corn and kale frequently and meat was consumed rarely. None of the participants reported ever consuming iodized salt or ever having heard about use of iodized salt. Adjacent communities (Alamura, Tullo and Finchawa) showed significant differences in UIC, goiter rate and frequency of fish and dairy consumption. The findings of the present study revealed that iodine status of the population is a significant public health problem. Hence, there is a need to supply iodized salt in order to achieve the goal of elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in the community.


Sliding-mode control for power converters is gaining significant research interest for achieving a fast transient response to a step load change in a wide operating range. However, power converters also require better dynamic load regulation against load current fluctuations slower than the step change. This paper addresses this issue by deriving a novel control method for synchronous buck converters using Lagrangian dynamics. Simulation results verified improvement in dynamic load regulation against slow sinusoidal load current fluctuations.


Call centres are often the main and most critical customer contact point in organisations. Typically a call centre "help desk" receives requests in the form of free text descriptions of issues and forward the query to an appropriate specialist group within the organization. An error rate with respect to call classification and subsequent assignment will always exist due to various intrinsic human factors; hence opportunity exists for customer service improvement through error reduction. This paper examines the application of selected data mining techniques to automate classification of IT call centre enquiries in the company Cadbury Schweppes Asia Pacific. Research indicates classification based purely on basic word content appears to have limited capability beyond a certain level of accuracy, suggesting further sophistication in the filter task through techniques such as natural language rules may be required.


Objective To analyze why DRGs participators have a much higher level of days in hospital. Methods Acquiring 5 105 DRGs participators leaving hospital during January, 2012 and June, 2012, and then processing the data through using Excel 2007, and making statistical analysis by SPSS13.0. Results The main reasons why patients had longer hospitalization stay are tabu on surgery and operation, preoperative examination improvement, the postoperative complications, older patients and complications in the hospital. Conclusion Improving the efficiency of work and coordination ability of each department's and preventing nosocomial infection will shorten the days of patients in the hospital, reduce health care costs, and increase bed utilization rate.


The secure online voting system is the need of today's era. We propose a new secure authentication for online voting system by using biometric feature and steganography. Voter is asked to enter a password at the time of registration. Password is converted into secret message using timestamp and hashing. This secret message is stored in image using steganography. In this model, a person can also vote from outside of his/her allocated electorate or from his/her chosen location.


Risks in construction projects can be defined as the probability of an event that impairs the viability of the project. This probability, perhaps, is higher than in other industries. In the construction sector, as elsewhere, various risks that affectbusiness can be identified. This paper aims to identify, classify and analyze the most significant risks inherent in large engineering or construction projects, with particular attention to the group of economic risks and developing finally a conclusion in this regard. The results showed that construction projects are exposed to many risk sources, internal and external, being one of the most important, the financial risks such as inflation, fluctuation of the currency, lack of solvency, etc. Construction is a complex area involving many factors that can affect the final outcome, and being a teamwork process whose common goal is the completion of the project, the risks are essentially due to the uncertainty affecting the various participants in it.

 Key words: Risk allocation, financial risks, construction projects, infrastructures.


Background: Cross-linguistic studies on picture naming tasks have shown that several psycholinguistic variables predict naming accuracy and latency. However, differing effects of these variables across languages and age groups are unclear. The aim of this study was first to examine the normative data for a set of picture stimuli using psycholinguistic features of name agreement, familiarity, visual complexity, and age of acquisition. The second aim was to report on the effects of the psycholinguistic variables on timed picture naming in children. Methods: At first, 128 pictures from Cycowicz et al's study (1997) were selected and collect normative data for each item. Then 128 black and white pictures were presented to 120 healthy Persian speaking children aged 7-9-year-old to measure the reaction time as it relates to psycholinguistic variables. Results: The regression analysis revealed that only name agreement and age of acquisition could be considered as significant predictors of naming latency for the Persian speaking children. Conclusion: We concluded that psycholinguistic features such as name agreement and age of acquisition might have effect on the naming skills in children like in adults.


This article discusses the window program design of the serial communication between the quadrotor and the host computer. Firstly, the single-chip microcomputer module of the quadrotor is introduced. Secondly, the quadrotor ground station and its communication relationship with the quadrotor are introduced. Thirdly after understanding the principle of serial communication, the software design of serial communication is mainly introduced from the four aspects of design platform Visual Stdio2012, programming language c#, software interface design, and part of the communication software code. Finally, connect the quadrotor flight control board, and realize serial communication after repeated debugging.


Wireless applications for mobile Web browsers can enrich user experience beyond the desktop environment. Server-transcoding and client rendering enable the wireless Web, while open platforms give applications developers extensions to expand mobile software's future.


Glasgow First Foods was a weaning programme aimed at promoting healthy weaning practises in 5 Social Inclusion Partnership areas (SIP). The programme encompassed 11 Health Centres, 102 Health Visitors, 8 Dieticians, 4 Oral Health Promoters and 5 Community Projects and had scheduled a total of 48 weaning sessions across 5 SIP areas. The actual attendance rate was lower than expected (28%) but was higher (38-39%) in those areas, which had been doing similar sessions for a longer period.


Background Obese patients who present with general surgical emergencies afford unique obstacles to emergency surgeons. Whereas there seems to be no absolute advantage to laparoscopy in acute appendicitis for the overall population, it has been postulated that among obese cases, the laparoscopic technique may provide more conclusive benefits. Objectives Because of limited data on this issue, the focus of this research was to compare the clinical outcomes of laparoscopic and open-appendicectomy techniques in obese population. Patients and methods A number of 64 cases of acute appendicitis with BMI more than or equal to 30 were randomly assigned to one of two groups: laparoscopic or open-appendicectomy groups. The outcomes evaluated include duration of hospital stay, operative times, postoperative complications comprising intra-abdominal abscesses and incision-site infections, time to start oral intake, and number of analgesic-dose requirements. Results In comparison with open appendicectomy, laparoscopic appendicectomy associated with shorter operative time P value of 0.042, shorter length of hospital stay (P=0.001), fewer doses of analgesia (P<0.001), and earlier toleration of oral intake (P=0.002). While there was nonsignificant difference between the groups for intraoperative complications (P=0.565) or postoperative complications (intra-abdominal or surgical-site complications) (P=0.708). Conclusion Laparoscopic appendectomy resulted in lower operative time, a shorter hospital stay, earlier oral intake, and a reduced need for analgesia with a complication rate that was comparable to its open counterpart, and it can be recommended as a standard procedure in obese patients with acute appendicitis.


ABSTRACT The sparse array imaging radar could largely reduce the system complexity, but it also suffers from poor azimuthal resolution due to the limited aperture length and incomplete observation caused by non-uniform array configuration. In this letter, a radar forward-looking imaging method with improved imaging quality and reduced system complexity is proposed. Firstly, the matrix completion method is utilized to recover the missing signals of sparse array. Then, based on the plane-wave assumption, a fast 2-dimensional atomic norm minimization (ANM) is adopted to solve the positions and amplitudes of scatterers. As a continues compressed sensing method, the result of ANM-based method earns sharper main-lobes and much lower-level side-lobes compared to the fast Fourier transform -based method. Although the resolution of proposed method is still limited by Rayleigh resolution, the imaging quality can be greatly improved by emphasizing main-lobes and avoiding the perturbation of side-lobes. Simulations and experiments are carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: claimed invention relates to biotechnology. Claimed is a monoclonal antibody, which specifically binds with the second Kunitz domain of a tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), which is characterised by the fact that it contains 6CDR. Described are: cell, expressing the said antibody, and the application of the antibody for the treatment of a subject with coagulopathy. EFFECT: application of the invention makes it possible to provide novel antibodies, which can be applied in therapy for the reduction of the blood coagulation time. 6 cl, 24 dwg, 12 tbl, 16 ex


All business functions have very important role in the creation of strategic position of the company i.e. in formulation and realization of its development strategy. With their research, ideas and statements they provide information as a vital strategic contribution to longterm plan, profile of growth and development. By researching potentials and structure of the product market and material resources, capacity and location, technology, financial and human resources, these functions enable company management to evaluate atractivity of different developing i.e. investment alternatives. In this paper we put emphases on the businesss functions role and importance stresing out those that have strategic relevance for development and investment.


Within the global environmental policies, social awareness and environmental strategies in the process of essential public services production, are important objectives for governmental entities in Colombia that have to accomplish the mission under the guidance of principles of Economy, Responsibility and Commitment in the conservation of the environment. A sustainable proposal for auto-generation of electric energy in the Military Base located in Corozal - Sucre, is to speak of the new projection that institutions must have in a current context in order to accomplish environmental regulations and social responsibility that match with financial management of the organizations and good governance.


Library and Information Services To Support Project 2000: NURLIS Phase 1 is a research report that looks at the provision made by nursing libraries to support Project 2000.


Voice Conversion is a technique which morphs the speaker dependent acoustical cues of the source speaker to those of the target speaker. Speaker dependent acoustical cues are characterized at different levels such as shape of vocal tract, glottal excitation and long term prosodic parameters. In this paper, low time and high time liftering is applied to the cepstrum to separate the vocal tract and glottal excitation of the speech signal. The Radial Basis Function and Gaussian Mixture Model are developed to capture the mapping functions for modifying the cepstrum based vocal tract and glottal excitation of the source speaker according to a target speaker. The subjective and Objective measures are used to evaluate the comparative performance of RBF and GMM based voice conversion system. Results indicate that the RBF based transformation can be used as an alternative to GMM based model. Subjective evaluation illustrate that the proposed algorithm maintains target voice individuality, quality of the speech signal.


Abstract An outbreak of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among people who inject drugs in Glasgow, Scotland started in 2014. We describe 156 cases over 5 years and evaluate the impact of clinical interventions using virological and phylogenetic analysis. We established (1) HIV services within homeless health facilities, including outreach nurses, and (2) antiretroviral therapy (ART) via community pharmacies. Implementation of the new model reduced time to ART initiation from 264 to 23 days and increased community viral load suppression rates to 86%. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that 2019 diagnoses were concentrated within a single network. Traditional HIV care models require adaptation for this highly complex population.


The investigation of the differences between ordered and disordered materials (in the hundreds of nanometer lengthscale) is a crucial topic for a better understanding of light transport in photonic media. Here we study the light transmission properties of 1D photonic structures in which disorder is introduced in two different ways. In the first study, we have grouped the high refractive index layers in layer clusters, randomly distributed among layers of low refractive index. We have controlled the maximum size of such clusters and the ratio of the high-low refractive index layers (here called dilution). We studied the total transmission of the disordered structure within the photonic band gap of the ordered structure as a function of the maximum cluster size, and we have observed a valley in trend of the total transmission for a specific maximum cluster size. This value increases with increasing dilution. Furthermore, within one dilution we observe oscillations of the total transmission with increasing cluster size. In the second study, we have realized photonic structures with a random variation of the layer thickness. The structures were fabricated by radio-frequency (RF) sputtering technique. The transmission spectrum of the disordered structure was simulated by taking into account the refractive index dispersion of the materials, resulting in a good agreement between the experimental data and the simulations. We found that the transmission of the photonic structure in the range 300– 1200 nm is lower with respect the corresponding periodic photonic crystal. The studied disordered 1D photonic structures are very interesting for the modelization and realization of broad band filters and light harvesting devices.


The first 20 years of the 21st century will be a period of important strategic opportunities of China′s socio-economic development,which proposes higher demand on the total amount and quality of energy supply.At present,China′s consumption of primary energy occupies the second place in the world,and the problem of energy security has become more and more conspicuous in the all-round construction of a harmonious society.With an analysis of the energy actualities in China,the importance of strategic energy reserves is expounded in this paper.


A fiber system controlled induced viscosity polymers comprising: a. one satiating amount of a neutral soluble fiber source selected from the group consisting of guar gum, pectin, locust bean gum, methylcellulose, f-glucans, yy mixtures thereof, and and b. sufficient amount of lightly hydrolyzed starch, said starch having I lightly hydrolized a DP value in the range of 20 to 100.


Adjustable planar noncontacting short circuits for both rectangular and circular waveguides have been designed and tested. The planar configuration allows these short circuits to be fabricated photolithographically, therefore reducing fabrication cost and eliminating the machining tolerance requirements of conventional noncontacting short circuits. Scale model tests show that the new short circuits can offer a return loss <0.1 dB and linear phase variation over a single mode bandwidth. Successful application of a planar short circuit in a 300-365-GHz mixer further demonstrates the usefulness of these short circuits at high frequency.<<ETX>>


Objective To explore the effect of restrictive fluid administration on elderly patients with colorectal cancer in fast-track.Methods From January 2008 to January 2009,the elderly patients(≥60 years old) diagnosed definitely as colorectal cancer were analyzed retrospectively,the clinical effects on post-operative early rehabilitation were studied and the difference between restrictive fluid regimen and tradition fluid regimen was compared.Results The difference of overall incidence of post-operative complications was statistically significant between the two groups(P0.05).The incidences of anastomotic leakage and pulmonary infection of fluid restriction group were lower than those of tradition therapy group(P0.05).The time of vent to normal,defecation to normal and post-operative first eating of fluid restriction group was shorter than those of tradition therapy group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Comparing the biochemical indicators,the difference of pre-operative GLU((6.70±2.93) mmol/L vs.(6.33±3.95) mmol/L),BUN((5.84±2.03) mmol/L vs.(7.32±10.83) mmol/L)and CREA((76.19±19.85) μmol/L vs.(85.36±38.02) μmol/L)) was statistically significant(P0.05),but the difference of postoperative results had no statistical significance.Conclusion Restrictive fluid regimen can reduce the incidence of common complications after colorectal surgery for elderly patients,and have a certain promoter action to the early rehabilitation after rectal surgery.


The objective of this research was to find the relationship between organizational change and attitude change among workers in a company in Bogota. It was conducted under a cross-sectional correlational study, by applying the measuring instrument of change (BMI) and the range of attitudes towards change (EAC). To this end, a sample of 50 officers was taken and we applied the two instruments. In the results significant correlations are obtained between the variable of fear of the CAD tool and participation variables (integration) (r =-.375), communication (r =-.518), work (r =-.590), acceptance (r =-.369), knowledge of the organization (r =-.497), culture of change (r =-.429), design and development of change (r = -.650), group level (r = -.579), the instrument IMC. On the other hand, we found a variable relationship between EAc and cynicism of the instrument adaptability variables (r =-.488), participation (inclusion) (r =-.538), communication (r =-.518), work team (r = -.661), acceptance (r = -.546), knowledge of the organization (r = -.645), culture of change (r = -.398), management of change (r = -.481 ), design and development of change (r= -.685), individual level (r = -.390), group level (r = -.667), organizational level (r = -.599) of the IMC. We conclude that employees of the organization, had a favorability and flexible attitude towards change.


This analysis shows stray or ownerless, free- roaming animals, and particularly, cats, still be a social group challenge. additionally, to vital health and welfare issues of the animals themselves, there square measure public health and safety issues with free-roaming animals, and key environmental issues, as well as wild and animate being predation by ferine dogs and cats, and potential attraction of predators, like coyotes, into community and concrete areas by the prepared provide of ferine cats as food. There are not any correct total numbers for ferine, stray, or abandoned dogs and cats, solely a proportion of that enter animal shelters or pounds annually, however informal estimates for ownerless, stray animals square measure way more than that further because the protection of animals has been allotted for hundreds of years and is usually accepted because the most efficient and property methodology of dominant infectious veterinary diseases.


Various ideas support the notion that the GUT gauge group might be a semi-simple direct-product group such as $SU(5) \times SU(5)$. The doublet-triplet splitting problem can be solved with a direct product group. String theory suggests that the GUT scale is a modulus. Requiring this rules out a single SU(5) gauge group. A model with $SU(5) \times SU(5)$ gauge symmetry and the GUT scale as a modulus has been shown to exist. It is shown that extending these ideas to $SO(10) \times SO(10)$ cannot be done with the above requirement without unwanted massless modes at lower energy scales that spoil the unification of couplings. Therefore these two conditions highly constrain the class of possible GUT models.


Emerging smart grid concept compels microgrids to adopt decentralized methods. Centralized methods of operation are more susceptible to failure due to single point of failure held by the single controller. Decentralized microgrid control architecture is proposed, improving system reliability and avoiding control command transmission over the network. Delays in communications are unpredictable, uncertainty of data exchange delays leads to inaccurate modeling. As solution, Hardware-in-The-Loop platform is developed using real physical communication links and network components, and applying the concept of decentralization dynamically over a network of realtime controllers. The proposed system insures reliable data exchange between controllers and microgrid components. Case study is adopted for testing purposes. Results proves the robustness of the architecture as long as the properties of a true decentralized system is maintained.


The cholesterol ester accumulates in macrophages in the early stage of atherosclerotic lesions, leading to the formation of foam cells. We examined the inhibitory effects of the crude extracts of 22 edible plants on foam cell formation and isolated nine chlorophyll derivatives as potent inhibitors from Chinese cabbage. The results of the present study suggest that the chlorophyll derivatives contained in edible plants may be useful for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Graphical abstract Nine chlorophyll derivatives were isolated from Chinese cabbage as potent inhibitors of the cholesterol ester accumulation in macrophages.


Museology, like any other generalist academic discipline, has originated, developed and assumed forms which are in fact the most appropriate for its development. It is certainly not a basic academic discipline, but it has developed at an information level which is  partly based on the results of  research in other basic disciplines and partly follows the epistemology of  the information sciences. It does not function on the level of  applied sciences. It functions at a conceptual level which is different from that of the basic disci plines. Museology, like any discipline belonging to such a category, develops fr om prac tice and is confirmed in practice. It also anticipates practice, but it deals too with the theoretical study of  those phenomena which will manifest themselves in practice. So museology is unseparable from practice.


Phycoerythrin, one of the chromoproteins, from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis has been characterized by physicochemical measurement. The value of the sedimentation constant was 12s and it did not change with the change in pH from 5.4 to 6.8. This was assumed from the fact that the phycoerythrin did not undergo reversible dissociation-association reaction under these conditions. The weight average molecular weight of phycoerythrin was determined to be 2.2×105, and the intrinsic viscosity of phycoerythrin was determined to be 2.29×10−2 (10−1 dm3/g). From these values, the molecular shape of phycoerythrin was inferred to be globular based on the Scheraga-Mandelkern equation. The SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of phycoerythrin showed that the phycoerythrin consisted of two subunits with molecular weights of 3.8×104 and 2.3×104. The sedimentation behavior of phycoerythrin suggested that the phycoerythrin solution was multicomponent. The phycoerythrin dissociated into two molecular species on treatment...


With the development of science and technology and economy, more and more financial intermediaries are appearing in the financial market to ensure more efficient and stable processes in the financial system. As the main part of financial intermediary, the bank plays a vital role in the whole financial market system. In recent years, China's banking industry has been developing rapidly, but there are many potential problems, such as the operational risk management. At the present stage, the operational risk management authority of China's commercial banks is overly centralized, there is no clear loan risk responsibility system, and no effective long-term credit mechanism has been established, and the problem of non-performing loans still exists. This paper takes Hua Xia Bank as the objective of study and its analysis of the data based on its annual report between 2013 to 2017. The result of analysis shows that the ratio of firm-specific factor which can influence operating ratio mostly is leverage. Moreover, for the macroeconomic part, the significant influential factor is GDP. Therefore, this study suggest the bank should manage the leverage ratio effectively and efficiently for preforming well in the operational risk management.


The natural radioactivity of carbon, from carbon-14, has varied, first, because of the industrial era and, second, because of the atomic era. The increase of the specific activity of carbon, caused by atomic explosions, is about 13% and appears to be growing exponentially. The activity measurements were made on atmospheric carbon dioxide and the carbon of leaves and animal blood. (tr-auth)


This study used GMS-Modflow to investigate the ten-year groundwater potential in Concepcion, Tarlac. This region in Central Luzon, Philippines, with limited surface water, depends on groundwater as its primary freshwater source. The water demand projection estimated an increase of 38.5% from 2020 to 2030; hence, higher groundwater abstraction is perceived in the next ten years. To deviate from the risk associated with reliance on groundwater, this study, through GMS-MODFLOW, developed a groundwater model to mimic the aquifer's current condition and investigated its behavior in response to future spatial and temporal variables. The simulation results generally showed a sustainable groundwater supply in Concepcion, Tarlac, for the next ten years, with no significant decline in hydraulic heads.


In-network caching is a technique that stores contents in caches of routers, and thus reduces the loads for content servers and networks. To further enhance the performance of in-network caching, this paper proposes a popularity-based content cache management method. The proposed method divides the cached contents into some groups based on their popularity and manages information on content placement of each group in a distributed manner with a distributed hash table mechanism. The proposed method enables users to download contents stored in near routers with low overheads. This paper shows that the proposed method enhances the cache utilization efficiently through simulation experiments.


Roy Schafer's The Analytic Attitude contains some impressive and valuable insights but is on the whole a disappointing book. It is never clear what the book is about (or what audience was intended), and so the title leads one to expect things that are not provided. The author's personal and professional wisdom is substantial, but his scholarship is haphazard and half-hearted in many respects. The reader just expects better from such a distinguished psychoanalytic thinker. From a book entitled The Analytic Attitude one anticipates a systematic explication of how the analyst regards the analysand and of the consequences of having versus not having each component of this attitude. More generally, one hopes for insight into the emotionally interpretive processes by which one human being understands the life of another. Instead, Schafer gives a rushed discussion of some features of how an analyst ought to regard the patient (including a valuable and clear discussion of analyst neutrality) and then proceeds to spend most of the book discussing things that have little apparent relation to the book's title. Sadly, Schafer never tells the reader how any given chapter is supposed to fit into the whole, despite his frequent comments on what he purports to be doing every few pages. The book seems thrown together and possibly mistitled.


Multiple standards, duplicative requirements and seemingly endless variations on closure plans make the legalities of mine closure a veritable minefield.


Sheep (8) about 1-1½ years old were randomly divided into 2 groups for the studies. Haemorrhage was induced by phlebotomy through jugular vein @ 20% and 25% of the total blood volume in sheep of groups 1 and 2 respectively. Autotransfusion was done at 4 hr after bleeding in 2 sheep of each group and renal functions were studied. Haemorrhage caused altered renal functions due to which there was fall in glomerular filtration rate thus leading to decreased excretion of urea and creatinine. This resulted in increased concentration of urea and creatinine in blood. The plasma PSP fractional clearance also showed a decline following bleeding. In the transfused animals in both groups, decrease in GFR was less on day 1 and autotransfusion corrected the cause of decreased perfusion. This helped in the early restoration of kidney functions.


Aberrant pancreas is a relatively rare condition, and generally lacks clinical importance. Given its small size and the fact that it is most frequently located in the stomach and small intestine, its ultrasonographic appearance has not yet been described. This article presents a case of aberrant pancreas in the stomach. It was detected by abdominal ultrasonography of the wall of the fluidfilled stomach.


We present local spin density functional calculations for Mn-doped $\mathrm{ScN}$ using the linear muffin-tin orbital method in a supercell approach, including structural relaxation. Mn is found to induce a localized state in middle of the band gap of $\mathrm{ScN}$ with ${t}_{2g}$ character which spin splits and leads to a net magnetic moment of about $2\char21{}3{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ per Mn. The defect is a deep acceptor with 0/- transition state at about $0.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ above the Fermi level. The magnetic moment increases when in the negative charge state by acquiring more ${e}_{g}$ majority spin electrons and will thus persist even in the presence of the commonly found unintentional background $n$-type doping of $\mathrm{ScN}$. Up to fourth nearest neighbors exchange interactions are found to be ferromagnetic. The experimentally observed high solubility of Mn in $\mathrm{ScN}$, presumably related to their common crystal structure, is favorable for this dilute magnetic semiconductor. Within mean field theory the Curie temperature is estimated to be above $400\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ for 3% Mn. While this may be overly optimistic because of the neglect of disorder, the $n$-type character of $\mathrm{ScN}$ adds further interest to this unusual magnetic semiconductor because the spin-split conduction bands are nondegenerate and thus essentially free from spin-orbit coupling induced spin relaxation.


This paper introduced scouring,dyeing and finishing processes of PTT memory fabric.Feasible process was defined as follows: adding anti-oligomer agent to scouring liquor,dyeing at 110 ℃ for at least 90 minutes with Anocron disperse dyestuffs for PTT fibers,followed by heat setting at 130 ℃ for 60 seconds.


ABSTRACT Chives are popular herbs, and highly appreciated by consumers. The experiment was conducted in the period from September to November 2020 in a greenhouse, located at the Federal University of Technology, Paraná, Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the growth, physiological responses, and quality attributes of chives grown in hydroponic systems containing different concentrations of magnesium sulfate. The experimental design was randomized blocks, and the treatments consisted of a standard solution with the addition of magnesium sulfate at the following doses (g/L): standard solution 0.4; 0.42, 0.44; 0.46, and 0.48, with four repetitions per treatment. The analyzed variables were physiological indicators and growth; physical-chemical characteristics and nutrient content in tissues. The dose of 0.48 g/L resulted in the highest number of leaves (47.3) and contributed to 44% reduction in leaf drop, thereby positively influencing growth with higher fresh mass (231.40 g/plant). The relative chlorophyll index (58.64) obtained at 0.48 g/L dose revealed an increase in the chlorophyll content and, consequently, in the green color of the plants, with °hue angle of 140.54. Greener leaves is a visual aspect preferred by consumers. In addition, the higher concentration of magnesium sulfate provided 50.7% increase in the content of soluble solids and 50.6% rise in phenolic compounds. The dose of 0.48 g/L magnesium sulfate contributed to reduced leaf fall, improved visual appearance, greater bioactive compounds, and enhanced leaf sweetness to meet the quality standards that consumers expect for this condiment.


It should be evident that total quality management (TQM) is a tool that can be used in isolation, achieving results in its own right. TQM is an ideal that may never be attained, but it should be our intention to get closer and closer to the optimum. Like TQM, just-in-time (JIT) is also an ideal, the holy grail in this case being stockless production, but, unlike TQM, installing JIT in isolation is potentially very dangerous. The route towards JIT is therefore one that must be planned and understood if we are to avoid costly and potentially disastrous errors.


The cardiovascular continuum was first proposed by Dzau and Braunwald in 1991 as a new paradigm for cardiovascular diseases (Fig). It arose from the realisation that cardiovascular events such as heart failure and myocardial infarction are really late complications in a chain of events that starts with a number of cardiovascular risk factors and continues as a progressive pathogenic process lasting for decades. Atherosclerosis, myocardial necrosis, and heart failure cannot be reversed easily, if at all, so addressing the early components of the continuum—such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and smoking— offers a chance of arresting the progression of cardiovascular disease at an early stage. These cardiovascular risk factors are rarely immediately life-threatening, but because they are asymptomatic, much effort has been devoted to screen for them and to modify them by lifestyle changes and drug treatment.


Photocyclization of succinimides with an N-acyl group in the side chain gave bi- and tricyclic phyrrolo[1, 2-a]pyrazines, some of which were converted to tricyclic amines by reduction. The stereochemistry of pyrrolo[1, 2-a]pyrazine derivatives is discussed on the basis of the results of X-ray analysis and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.


The purpose of the article is to single out and substantiate the specifics of the functions of the image as a cultural phenomenon. The research methodology consists of the application of systemic, axiological, cultural-hermeneutic approaches, analytical, semiotic, and phenomenological methods for understanding the image through the prism of different methodological strategies of cultural knowledge. The scientific novelty of the article is that for the first time in the context of culturological knowledge the concept of «image» was worked out through the substantiation of the system of functions performed by him. It is substantiated that the image is a universal sign of information exchange, the function of which is to create and encode meanings. Due to the multiplicity of artistic manifestations, the image demonstrates the ability to perform a translational function, conveying significant meanings accumulated in symbolic codes. The information-communicative function is realized through complex mechanisms of functioning of collectiveconsciousness, in particular cultural. The cognitive function of the image is manifested as a way of artistic reflection of reality. The value-semantic, spiritual-creative nature of culture and the material and spiritual values accumulated in it determine the presence of the axiological function of the image. The cumulative function of the image is based on irrational, not entirely rationalized elements that reveal the essential characteristics of the culture. Due to the ability to report a potential, unconvincing, unknown component of the known, the prognostic function of the image is realized. Conclusions. The dominance of the figurative method of reflection, characterized by the priority of the visual over the verbal, the subconscious over the conscious, creates grounds for the transformation of the phenomenon of the image under the influence of visual, information, and image-making technologies. As a multifunctional phenomenon, the image performs a number of functions (creation and coding of meanings, translational, information-communicative, cognitive, axiological, prognostic), the systemic integrity of which reflects the latest scientific approaches to understanding the image as a cultural phenomenon.Key words: image, cultures, function, culturology, polyfunctional phenomenon.


This article analyzes the music of Black female rapper Missy Elliott in order to consider performative challenges to the politics of visibility and visuality of Black queerness in hip hop. While mainstream media lauds the recent increase in and representation of out Black LGBTQ rappers, scholars such as C. Riley Snorton caution such praise for the unique ways visibility and surveillance are entangled formations that render Black queer communities vulnerable to violence. This article draws on Elliott's songs "Get Ur Freak on" and "Pussycat" to present alternative ways of navigating the violence of visibility for Black queers and queerness. It argues that Elliott musically inhabits, expresses, and produces queerness through a set of cultural practices that this article calls the "musical aesthetics of impropriety." The musical aesthetics of impropriety are performative expressions that are developed and deployed at the level of the sound recording, and that exploit the gaps and fissures of what qualifies as proper sexual subjects (e.g., LGBT) and how we come to perceive them as such (i.e., "evidence") in order to produce alternative sexual and sonic formations. It is, thus, through the musical aesthetics of impropriety that we might imagine and articulate racialized queerness in hip hop differently.


This study is about the further improvement of PV/T-GSHP efficiency/ energy saving by implementing PI Ziegler-Nichols control method in comparison to on/off controller. The optimum control method can probably reduce the energy wasted because of oversupply to the load. It can also keep the energy supplied fit with the load requirements (set point), therefore the occupants' comfort can be still maintained.


Time, position and method for engrafting and improving wild Crataegus hupehensis Sarg. have been introduced in this paper. The results of different engrafting methods have been contrasted and analyzed. The survival rate and fruitbearing rate of cutting after engrafting is much higher than other methods, which is suited to be popularized in Daqingshan Mountains.


This study provides empirical evidence regarding the effect of analysts' country familiarity on their forecast behavior. Prior research has generally agreed that local analysts outperform their nonlocal counterparts due to information advantage or local familiarity. However, the effect of country familiarity on analysts' earnings forecast abilities for foreign firms cross-listed in the United States is unclear. Using a handcollected sample of Chinese cross-listed firms, I examine whether analysts who are familiar with these Chinese firms are associated with better performance in forecast accuracy, forecast dispersion, and information precision. Results indicate that country familiarity has a positive effect on analysts' earnings forecasts. Specifically, analysts who are familiar with Chinese cross-listed firms have higher accuracy and lower dispersion. Additional analysis suggests that the superior performance can be attributed to analysts' private information precision rather than public information precision.


This study is to apply and complement disturbed function(D), deviatoric plastic strain trajectory(ξD) using multi-purpose interface apparatus(M-PIA) developed to analyze the features of the shear stress and the relative displacement on geosynthetic-soil interface of reinforced earth retaining wall when the cyclic dynamic load is pressed. In addition, the feature of shear failure of geogrid-sandy soil interface of reinforced earth retaining wall by cyclic dynamic load was drawn and the parameter disturbed state concept(DSC) constitutive model was calculated by presenting the regression line of the Disturbed functional formula modified from laboratory test data. On the other hand, the program has been designed using FISH language in order to connect these values to FLAC, numerical analysis program and the simulation test was done by using numerical analysis model so that dynamic correlation system method of geogrid-sandy soil was verified in reinforced earth retaining wall.


(57) Abstract: essentially non-polar or only slightly polar, and the surface of the hydrophobic polymeric plastic or rubber material, and polar or more polar, and hydrophilic and amine-containing functional groups, and finally adheres hardly apart durability, good method is disclosed be subjected to slippery polyurethane or polyurethane / urea hydrogel coating next to the polymer surface. The method comprises dual plasma treatment of the polymer plastic or rubber substrate material; first process is a process using an oxygen-containing plasma gas, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group and a carbonyl group on the substrate surface immobilized, whereby the surface more polar and activated; and the second process is a process using a nitrogen-containing plasma gas, and immobilized amine or amino groups on the substrate surface, more hydrophilic it and sex, and then applied to the substrate surface, adheres hardly apart durability, is converted into slippery hydrogel coatings, reactive towards the terminal isocyanate groups of the polyurethane or polyurethane / urea prepolymer adduct intermediates to. The method of polyethylene, is particularly suitable for hydrophilizing polymeric plastic material which is essentially non-polar and are and hydrophobic such nylon-11 and nylon-12.


We show that by means of an electric field we can tune the energy levels in vertical quantum dot pairs and study transitions related to recombination of direct and indirect excitons. With decreasing the reverse bias, we observe both the blueand red-shifted indirect exciton transitions. Based on the band profile of our device, we conclude that the former corresponds to the recombination of the electron and hole localized in the top and the bottom dot, respectively and the latter is related to the recombination of the electron and hole localized in the bottom and the top dot, respectively.


ABSTRACT This paper selects the unsoaked air-dried coal (USC), air-dried coal with 1 month's water soaking (S1), air-dried coal with 3 months' water soaking (S3) and air-dried coal with 5 months' water soaking (S5) as the research objects to analyze the adsorption law of coal to CH4, oxygen, nitrogen, and mixed gas, and the changes of free radical concentrations, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and oxygen-containing functional groups under gas atmospheres with different CH4 concentrations during low-temperature oxidation process by using ESR and FTIR. The experimental results show that the effect of soaking time on CH4 adsorption amount is greater than that on O2 and N2 adsorption amounts. It can be seen by investigating the O2 concentration after the desorption process that there is no significant relationship between the O2 concentrations of three kinds of coals and different soaking time under the mixed gas with 0% CH4 concentration. However, there appears a certain law for O2 concentrations under the mixed gas with 25% and 45% CH4. The oxygen concentration of S1 is obviously higher than those of S3 and S5. Furthermore, there exists an upper limit of CH4 concentration to inhibit free radicals concentration of S1, about 35%. Obviously, the CH4 concentration points of S3 and S5, at which the decrease rate of free radicals concentration slows down, appear earlier than that of S1. The concentrations of -CH2 – and -CH3 of S1 gradually decrease in the initial stage and start to rise once the temperature exceeds 120°C. The change law of aliphatic hydrocarbon of S3 is similar to that of aliphatic hydrocarbon of S1. The concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbon of S5 starts to increase from 25% in the initial stage. The -OH concentration decreases sharply as starting oxidizing, and then the decrease gradually slows down. With the CH4 concentration increasing, the -OH concentration slowly increases, thus the decrease of -OH concentration reduces. Furthermore, the results show that the declining rate of -OH concentration in S1 is higher than those of -OH concentrations in S3 and S5. The -COOH of S1 rapidly decreases in the stage of 40–120°C. But with the increase of CH4 concentration, the decrease rate is obviously smaller. The decrease rate of S3 further slows down at the initial stage, and there is no increase in the -COOH content of S5.


The concept of potentially mineralizable N is discussed and data that support the identification of /V() as an active fraction of soil organic N are presented. Aerobic medium-term incubations (13 weeks) were used to measure the potentially mineralizable nitrogen (Na) in four cropping systems on four different occasions from early spring to late autumn. The cropping systems consisted of barley (Hordeum distichum L.) with no N fertilizers (BO), barley receiving 120 kg N ha~' yr~' (B120), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Hudson) ley receiving 120 + 80 kg N ha ~' yr~' (GL), and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) ley with no N additions (LL). The amounts of N mineralized during the 13-week incubations (37 °C) ranged from 188 to 483 kg N ha ', and the cropping systems ranked in the order GL > LL > B120 > BO and showed a steady decline in all systems from spring to harvest and a subsequent increase from harvest to autumn. The seasonal differences were as large as the differences between systems. Three related models were employed to describe the kinetics of N mineralization during the incubations: (i) firstorder, (ii) two-component (sum of two first-order models), and (iii) a simplified special case of the two-component model. In all cases, the special case of the two-component model offered the best description of the curves of accumulated mineral N. Based on the mineralization course and an observed relationship between literature values of /V0 and the rate constant (k), it is hypothesized that the mineralization is mediated by two distinct populations: an opportunistic, mainly immobile, population (bacteria) and a generalistic, mobile one (fungi), and that the k value is influenced both by the amount of substrate and its quality. The fact that the amount of mineralizable N decreases during the growing season and increases in autumn as a result of organic matter input provides evidence for the existence of an active fraction of soil organic matter. Additional Index Words: barley, lucerne, meadow fescue, N models, microbial processes, soil organic matter, first-order kinetics. Bonde, T.A., and T. Rosswall. 1987. Seasonal variation of potentially mineralizable nitrogen in four cropping systems. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51:1508-1514. T FIRST FORMULATION of the "nitrogen mineralization potential C/V0)" concept and its associated rate constant (k), representing a description of the N-mineralization course during a long-term (30 weeks) aerobic incubation, was presented by Stanford and Smith (1972). They regarded NQ as a definable 1 Contribution from the project Ecology of Arable Land. The Role of Organisms in Nitrogen Cycling at the Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. Received 11 Mar. 1986. 2 Graduate Research Associate and Professor, Dep. of Water in Environment and Society, Univ. of Linkoping, S-581 83 Linkoping, Sweden, respectively. quantity, and its proportion of total soil N as a variable affected by cropping practices, whereas the rate constant (k) was a true constant (0.054 week"') for the range of soils studied. These findings are generally accepted (Campbell et al., 1984), though there has been some discussion as to what N0 represents and the universality of the k value (Juma et al., 1984). Nitrogenmineralization potentials have been widely used as a means to determine the effect of various agricultural practices on soil fertility, such as N fertilization, tillage, crop rotations, and manure additions (Doran, 1980; Campbell and Souster, 1982; Carter and Rennie, 1982; El-Haris et al., 1983; Griffin and Laine, 1983). Similar aerobic incubations also proved useful in determining the effect pf temperature on N mineralization during long-term (Stanford et al., 1973a, 1975; Campbell et al., 1981) and moisture during short-term incubations (Stanford and Epstein, 1974; Cassman and Munns, 1980; Myers et al., 1982). The determination of the effects of temperature and moisture led to an attempt to calculate N mineralization in the field, using maximum mineralization rates corrected for field temperature and moisture (Stanford et al., 1973b, 1977; Smith et al., 1977; Marion et al., 1981; Campbell et al., 1984). A more sophisticated employment of this concept would be the use of N0 as an estimate of an active fraction in models describing temporal fluctuations in soil organic matter both with regard to its quantity and quality. Such models have been developed, and in order to obtain realistic results, the soil organic matter has been divided into three or four components (i.e., biomass-active, nonbiomass-active, slow, and passive) and usually two litter components (i.e., labile and structural). The fractionation is based on turnover rates and used to model mineralization and immobilization of soil N (Paul and Juma, 1981; van Veen and Frissel, 1981; Parton et al., 1983). There have, however, been difficulties in developing methods that can realistically quantify the components of the model. Most authors have considered N0 to be characteristic for a certain cropping system and soil, and have not investigated possible seasonal patterns. If NQ is equivalent to a measure of an active fraction of soil organic matter, seasonal fluctuations should occur. If this is the case, the fraction of soil organic N represented by N0 might supply a major portion of plant available N for crop growth. El-Haris et al. (1983), however, found twice as high N0 values when sampling took place in mid-September as compared with BONDE & ROSSWALL: NITROGEN IN FOUR CROPPING SYSTEMS 1509 sampling in mid-March. The spring k values were a factor three higher than those from the autumn. Stanford et al. (1977) calculated a 20% reduction in N0 from April to September for a number of soils, but neither publication has analyzed the seasonal variation in any detail. The present study was conducted to (i) investigate whether N0 could be considered a representative of an active fraction of soil organic matter, (ii) investigate whether the first-order kinetics represent a correct description of the mineralization course, and (iii) interpret the biological implications of the NQ concept based on the mineralization course and published values of NQ and k. MATERIALS AND METHODS


During autumn surveys for sea scallop larvae (Placopecten magellanicus) from 1985 to 1987, the mean abundance of sea scallop larvae on the northeast part of Georges Bank (1201–20080∙m−2) was much greater than on the southern Scotian Shelf (5–240∙m−2). Few larvae were collected between these two areas, and exchange between Georges Bank and the Scotian Shelf appears very limited. Transects across the northern flank in 1988 revealed peaks in larval abundance when on-bank temperature stratification was high. Relative larval abundance on the transects was positively related to the speed of the along-front current, suggesting physical convergence of larvae. The on-bank retention of scallop larvae on Georges Bank appears to be due to physical processes alone, since scallop larvae undertake only limited diel vertical migration. Larval exhange among adult scallop aggregations on Georges Bank (the northeast peak, the southeast part, and the South Channel) is probable, but evidence from this study is limited. The au...


Abstract In recent years, the research based on K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN) text classification has always been a hot spot. There are many kinds of improved KNN text classification. Naturally, most scholars have combined the rough sets with the text classification, but few scholars has researched the KNN text classification based on the three-way decisions. Because the distribution of a class is ambiguous, some of the articles in some categories are difficult to be categorized accurately. In order to solve the problem of unambiguous label determination, this paper proposes an algorithm about the text classification based on Three-Way Decisions with KNN(TWDKNN). The minimum risk cost model about the three-way decisions theory is used to set the threshold, and the three-way decisions are transformed into two decisions, and the membership function is redefined. Therefore, the definition of this paper narrows the search range of K-Nearest Neighbor and solves the problem of fuzzy tag judgment. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy rate, recall rate and F value are obviously improved compared with the traditional KNN text classification algorithm. Experiments show that TWDKNN has a certain improvement in the performance of text classification.


Why are there not more theories in defense management? Since my last editorial on Military Humanitarianism in Afghanistan I have been wondering why there are not more theoretical approaches being development in defense management and in particular in the militarization of humanitarian assistance and the collaborative efforts of civil-military contributions. A unified theory of Civil-Military relations was written by Douglas Bland in 1999 [1]. Since Afghanistan and the new Counterinsurgency (COIN) doctrine much literature has appeared on collaboration and challenges. Further humanitarian management and in particular recent interest in civil-military cluster approaches in humanitarian logistics has gained much attention in the humanitarian agencies and the academic literature.


The specular intensity produced by the scattering of monoenergetic incident particles by a flat surface is calculated as a function of the crystal temperature including one and two virtual phonon processes. The exact procedure developed previously is employed in order to get the matrix elements of the seven different two phonon diagrams. For all the different systems studied (He-Cu, H 2 -Cu, Ne-Cu) the results show that the most efficient two-phonon term is the diagram of highest order in the perturbation expansion. The total intensity is greater than that obtained by considering the one phonon process alone except at very low crystal temperature. The temperature for which the two phonon contribution becomes non-negligeable is in general low. Comparison with available experimental data gives good agreement in the temperature domain where higher order phonon processes could be neglected Calcul de l'intensite du faisceau speculaire produit par la diffusion d'un faisceau de particules incidentes monoenergetiques par une surface plane en fonction de la temperature du cristal. Le calcul inclut les processus virtuels a un et deux phonons. Calcul exact des elements de matrice de sept diagrammes differents decrivant les echanges virtuels de deux phonons. Pour tous les systemes etudies (He-Cu, H 2 -Cu, Ne-Cu) les resultats indiquent que la contribution la plus importante a l'intensite est donnee par les diagrammes provenant de l'ordre le plus eleve dans le developpement en perturbation


We report two experiments that investigated whether phonological and/or orthographic shifts in a base word interfere with morphological processing by French 3rd, 4th, and 5th graders and adults (as a control group) along the time course of visual word recognition. In both experiments, prime-target pairs shared four possible relationships: morphological without modification (nuageux-NUAGE), morphological with phonological modification (bergerie-BERGER), morphological with phonological and orthographic modifications (soigneux-SOIN), and orthographic control (fourmi-FOUR). In Experiment 1 (60-ms prime duration), priming effects were only significant in the morphological condition without modification in children but in the three morphological conditions in adults. In Experiment 2 (250-ms prime duration) priming effects were significant in all three morphological conditions in each group, independently of form shifts. These results indicate that allomorphic variation does allow for the lexical activation of base words only in the later stages of word recognition in children, whereas this activation is automatic in adults.


ISBN 978-93-82381-99-0 chin Vanaik's latest book, Hindutva Rising, resumes an examination of themes he initially addressed in a volume published two decades back. The reverberations from an act of vandalism at Ayodhya in 1992 had not yet died, and even if the violence that accompanied the event had abated, its ramifications were still working their way through the political system. Political competition had altered in character. The comforts of a single-party democracy that India had in its first two decades of independence were a fading memory and the relative certitudes of a democracy where a single party was dominant, also seemed irretrievably lost. A consolidation of forces was underway on one side, under the self-conscious label of "secular politics". On the other was a political formation that claimed to represent the original Indian nationalist spirit that ostensibly had been sullied by a misplaced emphasis on secularism and tolerance of the culturally intolerant. The underlying social reality was of growing polarisation around multiple axes, of a proliferation of identity claims creating uncontrollable dissonances in the distributive bargains that politics runs on. The circumstances generated a particular dynamic of consolidation and fragmentation, pushing the political centre of gravity to the Right. Every seeming success in halting the onward march of the new strain of extreme nationalism proved a temporary holding operation. Changes in the political realm since then provide the context in which Communalism Contested – the title of the precursor volume – was transformed into Hindutva Rising. Vanaik deals extensively with the source of this dynamic of Indian politics, in which "a non-denominational state with substantially secularised laws", though resting on an "insufficiently secular Constitution", "coexists with a civil society in which religious influence is pervasive". In the circumstances, it is an indispensable activity to strengthen the secularity of the state, but the "crucial challenge lies elsewhere, in civil society itself ". This is a call to action that Vanaik addresses at both the theoretical and strategic levels. Recalling his earlier volume, he argues that with scholarly focus being on "the character, practice and ideal of the secular state", due attention was not given to the "secularisation of Indian civil society — its advances and retreats, its possibilities and obstacles, its desirability or undesirability". These threads emerge in the current volume as an urgent call to shift the terrain of "the longer-term battle to defeat communalisms and fundamentalisms", to the "terrain of civil society, where the democratic process must be stabilised and secularisation deepened". This is the first of the challenges that Vanaik's book poses the reader: to clear up the thicket of conceptual confusion that surrounds the term 'civil society'. In the volume Civil Society: History and Possibilities (Cambridge University Press, 2009) jointly edited with Sunil Khilnani, Sudipta Kaviraj spoke in an introductory essay of how 'civil society' is a term that somehow seems incapable of surviving without the support of another prop. Civil society as a concept in modern western political theory, Kaviraj remarked, has at least three different senses, all "based on dichotomies or contrasts", variously expressed. In an early version of the term, the opposite number was the 'state of nature'. In a later understanding, it was about 'political society' or more specifically the 'state'. Overlapping with these was the notion of the 'community' against 'society'. In that spirit of mild scepticism, it could be asked if the secularisation of civil society can be distinguished quite so clearly from the politics of the state. 'Secularisation' as a process has a long genealogy even if the term may have dropped out of common use. It goes back, as Vanaik observes, to the Westphalian Treaty of 1648, when the appropriation of church land by the 'state' began. Monarchies across a patchwork of European territories were consolidating their power within defined boundaries, drawing lines in the map that the Catholic Church disdained in its claim to universal authority. In being a struggle between two specific institutions – the monarchy and the church – secularisation in this phase was not a process that involved 'civil society' in any defined sense. As a force of historical change, secularisation is better understood when viewed in the context of the French Revolution. In 1795, riding on a rising tide of social radicalism and anticlerical sentiment, the revolutionary regime in France introduced a law which disestablished the Catholic Church and turned over all its properties to the state. This was partially reversed through Napoleon's Concordat of 1801, which restored some of the privileges of the Church. As revolutionary radicalism yielded to the imperative of stability, Napoleon sought political dividends from a pragmatic policy of accommodation with the Church. It was an attitude that he carried into his mission of conquest in Egypt, often making a public show of deference to the Islamic clergy there. Another formal separation of the state and church occurred a century later, with the Left in power in France. Under the 1905 Concordat, the concessions to ecclesiastical authority that Napoleon had granted were revoked and most church properties were taken over by the state. The pragmatic spirit though, survived. The 1905 law was in its implementation, always negotiated with the Vatican. Over time, its rigidities considerably abated. When these complexities of the actual historical record are reckoned with, it would seem a little difficult to identify a clear case of 'religion' in its many doctrinal and practical aspects, being sundered from politics. This is not a case for the immortalisation of religion: a tendency that Vanaik criticises with great coherence and logic. Religion, he argues, does not have any kind of an immutable or irreplaceable role and can be studied as the Marxist tradition has shown, within the broader analytical category of political ideology. Paradoxically, this may be the precise reason why secularisation is a great deal more complex as a social and political process than Vanaik seems to concede. Consider modern nationalism as an object of study and the reasons why one of its foremost theorists, Anthony D. Smith, believes it is an ideology unlikely to be superseded in the near future. In Smith's arresting description, the 'nation' is the focus of collective loyalty because of its unique property of permitting finite human beings to reconcile their brief presence on the planet with the immortality – by no means assured, but probable – of a wider network of human relationships. It creates a sense of finite human endeavours sustaining a territorial entity with an assured after-life. Vanaik recognises nationalism as "perhaps the most powerful example of an ideological community, the inheritor of the mantle of kinship loyalty and the religious community of the past". But then, as Edward Shils and others have pointed out, the nation-state is what makes civil society possible. So how far can the secularisation of civil society proceed, when the enveloping ideology is the quasi-religious one of nationalism? Late modernising societies such as India did not create their nationalist idioms in an ideological contestation with ecclesiastical authority. Religious traditions such as Hinduism were indeed reimagined and reinvented in the creation of elite solidarities under a colonial regime. Ernest Gellner has identified nationalism as the political ideology and organisational form specific to capitalist industrialisation. Within the Marxist tradition again, there have been influential studies of the impact that capitalist industrialisation has on social ideologies. Vanaik draws attention to these, in his identification of capitalism as "both desacralising and dehumanising". If the former contributed in "significant degree" to secularisation, the latter "meant that capitalism would also create the conditions conducive to newer forms of religiosity". This raises questions about how far secularisation as a process could run a successful course on capitalist foundations. Vanaik's scepticism, indeed firm rejection of such a possibility, are vividly expressed in the latter chapters of the book, where he argues for a politics of transformation based on radical equality, an exhortation towards re-imagining and renewing struggle towards a socialist future. Vanaik's strategy centres around building institutions within civil society to resist the onward march of extreme nationalism and communalism. This is strongly reminiscent of the popular theses that capitalism in itself, working through the logic of the market, has no inherent tendency towards creating fair or just outcomes. Fairness and justice rather would be the outcome of the institutions of "countervailing power", that resist the relentless logic of the market, such as unions, consumer organisations and platforms of collective community mobilisation such as, ironically enough, local churches. Could an analogous strategy be conceived in a situation where institutions of local collective organisation have been severely debilitated by the relentless march of corporate globalisation? Is there any redemption visible from a plunge into the abyss of fascism? Vanaik deals at substantial length and subtlety with this question, though ultimately without any resolution. Accurate characterisation is necessary for developing a sound strategic response. How applicable is an understanding of fascism drawn from its actual arrival on the world stage in full-blown form in the 1920s and 1930s, to the current and evolving conjuncture? Time's arrow moves in only one direction and the closing of the territorial frontiers for the expansion of capitalism in the early years of the last century