In dency," their recent Mary Stuckey and comprehensive and Frederick review Antczak of scholarship argue that the on transformation the "rhetorical presiof the dency," Mary Stuckey and Frederick Antczak argue that th t ansformation of the office has resulted in an increase in presidential speech, a change in the nature and meaning of that speech, an erosion of the traditional means of governance, and an increase in the president's ceremonial rather than substantive role.1 For Richard Ellis, the rise of the rhetorical presidency reflects the democratization of the presidency. But he questions the very viability of the rhetorical presidency in the twentyfirst century.2 Can the presidency be a truly democratic institution? Can a unitary president embody the interests of a diverse nation? Can a president, no matter how eloquent or loquacious, forge meaningful links with the public? As we approach the next millennium, there are four challenges facing future presidents that will impact the nature of the "rhetorical presidency" in the twentyfirst century. First is the nature of audience. Of course, all effective communication is audience centered. However, the dilemma for presidents is "who is the audience?" Congress? Opinion elites? Citizens? Party regulars? The bureaucracy? The world or international community? The difficulty is that specific messages, depending upon the audience, can appear contradictory or may alienate some listeners. An aggressive legislative agenda may well be received very differently by citizens at large, the established bureaucracy, or party regulars. As an example, think of Clinton s "don t ask/don t tell" policy for gays in the military. It mobilized the opposition, cut short his honeymoon, alienated the military establishment, initially thrilled a core constituent group, but puzzled the general public. The same complications were true of the health care debate of 1994 and will be true for pending future discussions on social security and Medicare funding.


A stable nano-Tio2 colloidal solution was prepared by using oleic acid with unsaturated double bonds and methylmethacrylate(MMA) as a suffoctant and an acetic solvent, respectivelythis dispersion of oleic acid coated nanoparticles of TiO2 within the polymer host (PMMA) was acquired by free-radical polymerization of polymerable oleic acid coated TiO2 colloidal solution. Experimental results show that in the polymer matrix there exists a crosslinked net, in which the nanoparticles are cores. The morphology, distributions and changes of nano-TiO2 particles with the concentration of Tio2 in the colloidal solution were systematically investigated in terms of TEM observations and ultraviolet-visible light absorption spectrum measurements. When the concentration of TiO2 in thecolloidal solutions CTiO2- 0.032%(in mol), the particle diameter distribution of TiO2 presents a narrow distribution (the particle diameter distribution range is 5 to 30nm.). When CTiO2 0.032%(in mol),the particles grow and their diameters are distributed in two size regions f 5~30nm and 50~180nm. In the solution with the oleic acid, the TiO2 particles are quasi-spheric, but in the solution without the oleicacid, the most of TiO2 particles are spheric.


A tester for a wireless device includes a memory for storing a communication command program that makes the tester to transmit a communication command signal to the wireless device so that a test corresponding to the communication command signal is performed in the wireless device, wherein the communication command program is output from an external control computer and input to the tester so as to be stored in the memory.


Body types of the aged and mid-aged women in Shanghai were measured,based on which the height and girth were statistically analyzed.By means of 2-D interval probability,the paper delimits the range of and works out the clothing specifications.Reasonable advices have been proposed on the garment size of the aged and mid-aged women.


INFLUENCE OF GRAIN SIZE ON THE RATIO OF MAGNETORESISTANCE ON THE La 0.67 Ca 0.33 Mn 0.93 Ti 0.07 O 3 COMPOUND. Synthesis and characterization of the Giant Magnetoresistance on the La 0.67 Ca 0.33 Mn 0.93 Ti 0.07 O 3 compound have been performed. Synthesis of the La 0.67 Ca 0.33 Mn 0.93 Ti 0.07 O 3 material use solid state method from compiling oxides of La 2 O 3 , CaCO 3 , MnO 2 , and TiO 2 with comparison of element stoichiometry La : Ca : Mn : Ti = 0,67 : 0,33 : 0,97 : 0,07. This mixture is milled during 12 hour and sintered at 1350 C for 6 hour. And then this material is milled return with variation of milling are 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 hours and reheat at 1100 oC for 24 hours. The result of x ray diffraction measurement show that the material is single phase i.e. La 0.67 Ca 0.33 Mn 0.93 Ti 0.07 O 3 with the crystal structure of orthorombic, space group is Pnma( I-62) and lattice parameter of a = 5.474(2) A; b = 7.727(3) A; and c = 5.477(2) A. The result of EDAX measurement show that this material have the good quality with element composition of La : Ca : Mn : Ti : O = 15.13% : 8.28% : 18.18% : 1.58% : 56.33%. The result of photo by using microscope electron scanning (SEM) show that the particle in form of homogeneous circular almost in all surface of sample with the particle size is around 1000-4000, 250-2000, 250-1000, 250-500, 100-250 nm for milling are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 hours, respectively. And The sample have ratio of magnetoresistance very high with ratio of d /  equal to 14.7, 18.0, 24.5, 30.8, 35.2, and 44.6% for milling are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 hours, respectively. We conclude that we have obtain the giant magnetoresistance material of the La 0.67 Ca 0.33 Mn 0.93 Ti 0.07 O 3 compound with good quality and the grain size influence of magnetoresistance ratio level till 3 times better than previously. The material is expected can give positive effect to growth of this compound for application hereinafter especially sensitivity of its.


Selecting the most resilient supplier is a crucial problem for organizations and managers in the supply chain. However, due to the inherited high degree of uncertainty in real-life projects, developing a decision-making framework in a crisp or fuzzy environment may not present accurate or reliable results for the managers. For this reason, it is better to evaluate the potential suppliers in an Interval Type-2 Fuzzy (IT2F) environment for better dealing with this ambiguity. This study developed an improved combined IT2F Best Worst Method (BWM) and IT2F technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) model "Atieh Sazan" Co. as a case study, such that the IT2FBWM was employed for obtaining the weight of criteria. The IT2FTOPSIS was utilized for ranking the potential suppliers based on Hamming distance measure. In both phases, the opinions of experts as IT2F linguistic terms were employed for weighting the criteria and obtaining the relative importance of the alternatives in terms of the evaluative criteria. After obtaining the final results, the proposed model was validated by replacing Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) approaches separately instead of BWM for weighting the criteria. After executing both new models, it was found that the final ranking was similar to the final ranking of the proposed model, representing the reliability and accuracy of the obtained results. Moreover, it was concluded that the resilient criteria of "Reorganization" and "Redundancy" are the most determinant measures for selecting the best supplier rather than measures in the Iranian Construction Industry.


ABSTRACT This article is based on a case study carried out at Casa Malva, a shelter for female victims of gender violence in Gijón, Asturias (Spain). The study explores the potential therapeutic value of leisure in the process of personal recovery for women living in sheltered accommodation, and the positive impact leisure may have in overcoming a traumatic life event. The study comprised 16 semi-structured interviews with female victims of gender violence and three discussion groups with shelter staff. The article examines the concept of leisure and the potential benefits of leisure activities as part of the Personal Recovery Project (PRP) run by Casa Malva. PRP is an innovative recovery initiative aimed at helping women to overcome situations of gender violence by focusing on areas of experience, such as family, employment and leisure.


OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone versus short term budesonide inhalation for capillary bronchitis.METHODS:A total of 120 cases of infants with capillary bronchiolitis were randomly assigned to receive either domestic dexamethasone(n =60) or imported budesonide(n =60) in addition to routine therapy for all patients.The recovery time of patients irritability-restlessness,dyspnea and heart rates,the time for disappearance of rales,and average hospital days as well as the curative efficacy in two groups were followed and compared.RESULTS:There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in effective rate(93% vs.92%,P 0.05).The recovery time of patients irritability-restlessness,dyspnea,abnormal heart rates,the time for disappearance of rales,and the average hospital days were not statistically significant between two groups(1.62 ±0.75,2.63 ±0.66,6.83 ±1.46,6.27 ±1.23,and 8.2 ±1.22,respectively versus 1.53 ± 0.68,2.72 ± 0.72,6.69 ± 0.69,6.25 ± 1.37,and 8.0 ± 1.35,respectively,P 0.05).CONCLUSION:Treatment of capillary bronchitis in children with short-term inhalation of dexamethasone is safe,effective and economical,thus applicable for patients in primary hospital.


A recently rediscovered record from late medieval England shines light on the discomfort which arose from the expansion of royal bureaucracy to promote and maintain regional aquatic infrastructure. The record contains the proceedings of a 1396 inquest made by a commission of sewers to investigate claims of clogged drainage canals and consequent flooding of farmland. For the late medieval Sussex landowners named in the record, the commission purportedly represented an unwanted incursion, a violation of traditional rights and obligations. In contrast, for the government agents conducting the inquest, the encounter with local interests raised important questions about authority, precedent, and the limits of supposed tradition. Today, read through the lens of environmental history, this conflict underscores that the written records of medieval Europe, long a source of qualitative data, provide a unique vantage point from which to observe the symbiotic relationship between human culture—in this case law, tradition, agriculture, and infrastructure, and natural contexts.


We consider a semiconductor chip production planning problem, where chips with different performance characteristics are produced from the same wafer supply simultaneously. Due to long production cycle times, decisions on the wafer production need to be executed prior to knowing the demands and binning information exactly. Once this information is realized, assignment decisions are then executed to allocate the available production to satisfy the demands. Furthermore, product substitution is allowed in the allocation. To address the issue of data uncertainty in the planning process, in this work we propose to use the robust optimization approach to develop a new planning model for the problem. Our model is based on a two-stage robust network flow problem, and we demonstrate that by using our proposed model, we are able to achieve production plans that can hedge against the random variations in the data without over-sacrificing the solution quality. Furthermore, the robust optimization models require limited distributional assumptions and result in linear programming counterpart problems, which can be solved efficiently using commercial solvers.


Genus Temnocerus Thunberg, 1815 with 40 species (including the one described herein) classified into three subgenera (Legalov 2003, 2006) is one of the most obscure genera in the subtribe Temnocerina. Species of this genus are very similar in appearance and difficult to identify. The armament of the endophallus is reduced. The females lay eggs into young shots or leaves where the larvae will develop. In this paper, a new species from Kazakhstan is described. A new species of the genus Temnocerus Thunb. (Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae) from Kazakhstan


ABSTRACT In this paper, we supply a geological map of the area between 76°–76°30′S and 159°–163°E, that was the only missing portion to complete an entire coverage of Victoria Land, filling the gap between the GIGAMAP program (to the north) and the maps by the New Zealand Antarctic program (to the south). The mapped area encompasses an early Paleozoic basement, and a flat-lying cover of sedimentary and igneous rocks, Permo-Triassic to Jurassic in age. The basement consists of large bodies of the Granite Harbour Igneous Complex, a granitic complex linked to the Ross Orogeny. After the early Paleozoic Ross Orogeny, the area was uplifted and eroded, and the sandstones of the Beacon Supergroup were deposited on the resulting erosion surface. The Beacon Supergroup sandstones were in turn covered and in most cases incorporated into the volcanic and sub-volcanic rocks of the Jurassic Ferrar Group.


Abstract Continuous measurements of the CO, CO2 and NO emissions were made during the burning of batches of char particles of different diameters at temperatures of 750 K to 1000 K. The fractional conversion of fuel nitrogen to NO was derived from the experimental data as a function of char burnout, and shows that the fraction of char-N converted to NO increases with increasing char burnout and with increasing temperature. A simplified model was developed to simulate the fate of char-N during char combustion. A closed form approximate expression was derived for NO emission which lakes into account the influence on the NO formation of the parallel diffusion and chemical reaction of the O2 into the pores, and the NO partial destruction by the reaction with CO (carbon as catalyst) or with carbon as it diffuses out of particles. The NO emission, expressed as a function of two Thiele moduli, can be used to estimate NO emission for a wide range of parameters. The temperature dependence of NO emission which pass...


The properties of twisted and quadratic supersingular Edwards curves that form pairs of quadratic torsion with order p+1  over a prime field Fp are considered. A modification of the CSIDH algorithm based on the isogenies of these curves instead of the traditional arithmetic of curves in the Montgomery form is presented. The parameters of these two classes of supersingular Edwards curves for p=239 are calculated and tabulated. An example of the isogenies of these curves in the implementation of the CSIDH algorithm as a non-interactive secret sharing scheme based on the secret and public keys of Alice and Bob is given. It is shown that the sequences of parameters ±d(i) of isogeny chains for quadratic and twisted supersingular Edwards curves, respectively, have a reverse nature on the period of the sequence. A recurrent algorithm for calculating the coordinates of points that form the kernels of isogenies of odd degrees is proposed, and its implementation in various coordinate systems is considered. A comparative analysis of the cost of calculating the parameter d´ of the isogenic curve E´ using the Farashakhi-Hosseini (W : Z) - coordinates and classical projective coordinates (X : Y : Z) is given. It is noted that all calculations in the CSIDH algorithm necessary to calculate the shared secret dAB are reduced only to the calculation of the isogenic curve E´ parameter d´ and are performed by field operations and the scalar multiplication of the point. The controversial issue of refusal to calculate the isogenic function ϕ(R) of a curve point R in the CSIDH algorithm is discussed.


The low abundance of Heterostegina depressa in the Caribbean coastal reefs of Costa Rica have led us to use a new, non-destructive method to study the internal structure of foraminifera. X-ray microtomography, in contrast to traditional transmission X-ray imaging, allows us to obtain non-destructive digital 3D-image data (volume up to 1000 * 1000 * 1000 voxels) from geological objects in which variations in mineralogy, chemical composition and/or porosity create sufficient X-ray density contrasts. We present here preliminary results of an application to the external and internal morphology of Permian to Recent "larger" Foraminifera. We used a SkyScan-1072 high-resolution desk-top micro-CT system. The system has a conical X-ray source with a spot size of about 5 μm that runs at 20-100 kV, 0250 μA, resulting in a maximal resolution of 5 μm. X-ray transmission images are captured by a scintillator coupled via fiber optics to a 1024 x 1024 pixel 12bit CCD. The object is placed between the X-ray source and the scintillator on a stub that rotates 360° around its vertical axis in steps as small as 0.24 degrees. Sample size is limited to 2 cm due to the absorption of X-rays by geologic materials. The transmission images are back-projected using a Feldkamp algorithm into a vertical stack of up to 1000 1 Kpixel*1 Kpixel images that represent horizontal cuts of the object. This calculation takes 2 to several hours on a Double-Processor 4 GHz PC. The stack of images (.bmp) can be visualized with any 3D-imaging software, such as Tview (Skyscan, Ltd), used to produce axial and equatorial cuts of Foraminifera. Among other applications, the 3D-imaging software furnished by SkyScan can produce 3D-models by defining a threshold density value to distinguish "solid" from "void". Several models with variable threshold values and colors can be combined, rotated and cut together. The best results were obtained with microfossils devoid of chamberfilling cements (Permian, Eocene, Recent). However, even slight differences in cement mineralogy/composition can result in surprisingly good X-ray density contrasts. We compared split specimens of Operculinoides ocalanus, and O. soldadensis from the Upper Eocene of the Southern Nicoya Peninsula (Costa Rica) with X-ray microtomographs of entire specimens. The split Anuár io do Inst i tu to de Geociências UFRJ ISSN 0101-9759 Vol. 29 1 / 2006 p. 323-324


Abstract
This study examines the factors that influence the uptake of stakeholder engagement in the sustainability accounting and reporting process. The chapter addresses the scarcity of research in the area of stakeholder engagement by highlighting the factors that accelerate involvement of stakeholders in the sustainability accounting and reporting process. Case study research was used to explore the influences on stakeholder engagement practices of three Australian local councils. Data collection methods included interviews and document analysis.

This research highlights external as well as internal factors that can encourage meaningful stakeholder engagement in the sustainability accounting and reporting process in public sector organisations. The findings of this research recognise government regulations as the key driver behind the uptake of stakeholder engagement policies and practices. However, managerial commitment and professional bodies' support is observed as necessary to encourage and sustain creative and meaningful engagement. These findings also have implications for stakeholder engagement in the private sector.


We present an analysis of the properties of the lensing cluster MS 0440+0204 at z = 0.1965. MS 0440+0204 has been observed with a variety of telescopes at diverse wavelengths: from the ground with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, the Multiple Mirror Telescope, and the Keck Telescope, and from the Earth orbit with HST, ROSAT, and ASCA. Mass determinations are separately obtained from galaxy virial motions and X-ray profile fitting. A simple β model fitted to the X-ray data yields a mass of (1.3 ± 0.2) × 1014 M☉ within 583 kpc of the cluster center, but more general models fitted all of our data better and allow a wider range of masses that are consistent with the lensing data. In addition, the X-ray data yield a mass distribution profile that is well described by a β model with a core radius of 26.7 kpc. The velocity dispersion of galaxies yields a mass of 4.8+ 1.5−0.94 × 1014 M☉ within 900 kpc. In the inner 24.″5 there are 24 arcs that appear to be strong gravitationally-lensed images of background sources. Models of the cluster mass distribution and its lensing properties reveal five background sources at various redshifts, each forming two or more arcs. We do not have a redshift for any arc with multiple images; therefore, we can only place upper and lower limits to the mass of the cluster from gravitational lensing. At 100 kpc, the lower limit mass from lensing is about a factor of 2 greater than the X-ray-determined mass. The rate of increase in the projected mass at this radius is also greater for the lens model than the X-ray determination. To reconcile the mass estimates from the X-rays and the lensing and to try to understand the steep slope of the gravitational lens mass, we tentatively explore a model with a supercluster surrounding the cluster and with a mass profile that increases more rapidly than a β model at large radii.


In this paper we explore how word vectors built using word2vec can be used to improve the performance of a classifier during Named Entity Recognition. Thereby, we discuss the best integration of word embeddings into the classification problem and consider the effect of the size of the unlabelled dataset on performance, reaching the unexpected result that for this particular task increasing the amount of unlabelled data does not necessarily increase the performance of the classifier.


"The Love of a Good Woman" poses unusual problems for the reader at its conclusion—which is virtually no conclusion at all. Many of the best analyses of closure in short fiction, particularly those of Susan Lohafer, have dealt with very short stories; here I examine closure in a difficult case at the opposite end of the scale. Munro's story has already gained considerable attention, recent as it is; it first appeared in The New Yorker in 1996, and later as the title story in a 1999 collection. It has been the focus of several fine articles, in particular those by Catherine Sheldrick Ross, Mark Nunes, Ildiko de Papp Carrington, Dennis Duffy, and Judith McCombs, but the implications of the ending have broad implications for how open endings in stories of different length might work and for the reader's desire for closure in any narrative. The story centers on Enid, a practical nurse, caring for the dying Mrs. Quinn, a relatively young woman with two small daughters. It happens that Enid, a woman in her mid-thirties, still single, has known, as one might expect in a rural Ontario town, Mrs. Quinn's husband Rupert since childhood. In grade school she had been part of a group of girls who enjoyed teasing him. Later in high school, her desk in front of his, she tried in small ways to make up for that mistreatment. Rupert Quinn seems to have taken no notice of her, not when she teased him, not in high school,


Most startup and shutdown operations in advanced boiling water reactors (ABWRs) are automated by an automatic power regulator (APR). Hitachi and Hitachi-GE utilized the three-dimensional transient analysis code TRACG to design and verify the APR control algorithms. To verify the algorithms, an external neutron source model that makes it possible to simulate a sub-critical initial core, a water temperature reactivity model, a startup range neutron monitor (SRNM) model, and the APR system models were developed and coded onto the TRACG code. The improved TRACG code has been tested and verified with ABWR startup test data. In the test, the criticality was achieved 40 min after beginning of control rod (CR) withdrawal. The code results, for example, CR operation timing, CR withdrawal length, and signals of the neutron sensors agreed well with the test data. In the heat-up control mode, the measured increasing rate of the reactor water temperature was well simulated for a period longer than six hours.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


With the increasing scale of high-voltage cable equipment in domestic urban power grids, it is necessary to deepen the intelligent construction of transmission lines, solve the common problems encountered in big data processing and edge side application of high-voltage cables, and take edge IOT agent as the cutting point for technical research. By studying edge computing, AI image recognition and intelligent linkage control model of cable channel business application, intelligent management and control of high-voltage cable line status, risk early warning, differentiated operation and maintenance decision, etc. can be realized, and the intrinsic safety level and lean operation and maintenance management ability of cable lines and channel equipment can be improved.


Of geographical necessity the external culture contacts of Africa have been mainly by sea, and consequently in order to explain the areal differentiations apparent in the cultural history of the continent it would seem necessary to supplement research on the landward traditions of African societies by investigations into the cultural patterns of sea regions embracing the oceanic faces of the continent. In the macro-regional structure of Africa it is possible to recognize entities such as Mediterranean Africa, Atlantic Africa, and Indian Ocean Africa, which possess distinctive personalities that cannot be entirely understood by landward reference but find their true provenance in the cultural dynamics of wider maritime theatres of action. Thus many of the keys to the cultural history and character of the eastern face of Africa must be sought not in Africa itself but in the changing patterns of the Indian Ocean region of which this African zone forms an integral part. As a student of the historical geography of the Indian Ocean, I am concerned here with but one environmental element in the structure of this region and its significance to some aspects of pre-colonial African history.


The aims of this research are to analyze and explore the application of taxplanning to push up the efficiency of CV. Iqbal Perkasa's tax burden payment, whichis specialized in construction project services in Banyuasin. By using thequantitative analysis method, this research finds out that calculation on tax burdenpayment is more costly, so it was reduced net profit after tax that gained by CV.Iqbal Perkasa. But, after using tax planning by maximized fiscal cost with gross upmethod, it could minimize tax liability. The research finds with a better taxplanning in line with a gross up method, CV Iqbal Perkasa stated a betterperformance on tax efficiency by minimization of tax liability in current and futuretax periods


In 2007, my husband and studio partner Todd Douglas began developing a series of contemporary ceramic sculptures inspired by traditional taonga, specifically, toki pou tangata (a ceremonial adze with a carved wooden handle), lashed to a pounamu (New Zealand nephrite or greenstone) blade.


The intention of this work is to debate and propose strategies on the University Social Pertinence facing the COVID 19 pandemic, since a documentary modality. The implications of the pandemic in the execution of the university social responsibility functions are detailed, and the required answer is inferred since the assumption of the resilience principle and agreement for the generation of some strategic actions to optimize the academic-administrative processes and the systematic relationship with the environment. It is concluded with some reflections and recommendations that project what we want the university to be in the "today and after" the pandemic.


Abstract We obtain, respectively, sufficient conditions for the existence of a positive solution and the oscillation of all solutions of the neutral differential equation [formula] Our results extend and improve some recent results in the literature.


At present Our country University public physical education teaching exists sticks to old ways, the excessively mechanical phenomenon, this article according to the public sports teaching talented person raise goal, the discussion university public sports educational reform.


Submitted for the DPP09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Simulation of non LTE opacity with incoming radiation1 MARCEL KLAPISCH, MICHEL BUSQUET2, ARTEP, inc., Ellicott City MD 21042 — Simulation of radiative properties of hot plasmas is important for ICF, other laboratory plasmas, and astrophysics. When mid-Z or high-Z elements are involved, the spectra are so complex that one commonly uses LTE approximation. This was recently done in interpreting a carefully calibrated experiment on Fe at 160 eV [1]. However some disagreement remains concerning the ion charge distribution. The newest version of HULLAC [2] has the capability to take into account an incoming radiation field in solving the rate equations of the coronal radiative model (CRM). We will show results with different representation of the radiation field. [1] J.E. Bailey, G.A. Rochau, C.A. Iglesias, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, (2007) 265002-4. [2] M. Klapisch and M. Busquet, High Ener. Dens. Phys. 5, (2009) 105-9. 1Work supported by USDOE under contract # N00173-05-C-2020 with Laser Plasma Branch, NRL, Washington, DC. 2also at Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France Marcel Klapisch ARTEP, inc., Ellicott City MD 21042 Date submitted: 22 Jul 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


Don't read this book from the beginning to the end, as I did. Start with Chapter 8, with its intriguing title: 'Where Are the Missing Masses? The Sociology of a Few Mundane Artifacts'. As always, Bruno Latour, its author, is out to entertain and to instruct. And he shifts you into new frames of mind and meaning, where you can't look at a door any more without realizing what a miracle of technology it is, and what it tells us about technology and ourselves.


This paper uses different machine learning models and thus validates the potential of machine learning to solve the pseudo mode problem during OAM fiber simulation.


This study examines the existence of abnormal returns on the days before and after the annual earnings of stocks in the IDX 30 index over the 2017 – 2019 period. This study used the event study method to observe abnormal returns of stocks in the IDX 30 index at six days before and six days after the annual earnings announcement. The results showed that there was no abnormal return on stocks in the IDX 30 index before or after the announcement.


Describes the development of a quality assurance system in a residential home for the elderly mentally infirm, and its registration under ISO 9000/BS 5750. The two prime objectives of the project were to demonstrate the applicability of the ISO 9000 model to human care services, and to integrate the systematic approach of quality assurance with the human‐centred concepts of a total quality culture. The quality assurance system was developed primarily by the home′s own staff, beginning with their definition of residents′ requirements of the service. Discusses the methods of defining outcome measures, of designing the system, of developing it and of implementing it, together with the difficulties encountered, and the impact of the project on team spirit and on the quality of the service.


Counter-propagation neural networks are applied to the problem of modeling and predicting the Kovats indices of a set of substituted phenols from their nonempirical structural descriptors. The results are compared to those obtained from quantitative structure-chromatographic retention relationships in the form of multivariate linear regression equations. I find that the neural networks are significantly better at modeling the data, typically giving root mean square errors in Kovats indices between 0 and 10, whereas linear regression equations typically give root mean square errors between 50 and 150


The present invention determines a projection condition according to the position of a detected attention object when a virtual space is formed and an image is projected to thereby improve how the image looks. An image display system performs image conversion processing on images from cameras mounted in a vehicle and displays the images, and is provided with: a plurality of cameras; a detection unit which detects an attention object around the vehicle on the basis of information acquired via the plurality of cameras, any other sensor, or a network, or the like; a deformation/synthesis unit which deforms and synthesizes the images captured by the plurality of cameras using the shape of a virtual projection plane, a virtual point of view, and a synthesis method, which are determined according to positional information of the attention object detected by the detection unit; and a display unit which displays the images deformed and synthesized by the deformation/synthesis unit.


Reference is made to methods used to measure the lateral position of vehicles on the road - observation, photography, contact sensors, video cameras and restrictions on the use of such methods discussed. This article is concerned with equipment designed to overcome such problems, and is of particular interest when it is required to obtain data on a number of passing vehicles in particular locations of a road network. It is described as being fully-automated, portable and simple, and with low operating costs. Diagrams are used to illustrate the system design whereby four infrared photocells are set over the road, two parallel and the other two at a known angle with respect to the others so that the beams are cut off by the tires of the vehicles. Four reflectors on the other side of the road reflect the beams backwards. The velocity of a vehicle is calculated from the time which a vehicle spends between the two parallel beams, and the lateral position from the other two time intervals between offsets of photocells. Equations for computing the data are presented, and the microcomputer used to measure time intervals between offsets of beams and to calculate speed and lateral distance from the reference point of each passing vehicle described. The use of this system - for the first time - in a Finnish research project is described, whereby vehicle position distribution was used in a study concerned with the spread of traffic across pavement width and associated pavement deformation. The results of this study are presented graphically and the implications discussed. /TRRL/


The present invention discloses a transfer apparatus for securing an object, the transport apparatus comprising: i) a housing having a housing surface; ii) one or more than one supply line, having an input port to which a gas introduced into the one or one or more input conduit; iii) multi-output pipes, each output duct and the one or more than one input in fluid communication pipes, and having a plurality of output ports to output gas to the outside of the pipe, wherein the plurality output respective outlet duct and along the housing surface being disposed with respect to the direction of the output of each group facing away from the central region of the pipeline so as to generate a laminar flow of gas flows at a pressure differential along the housing surface, towards the center of the pressure generating area force to the object is fixed against the housing surface. The present invention also discloses a group of formula pick and place machine.


A series of hybrid component based on reactive polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(POSS) precusors and its reactive copolymers of PGMA were synthesized and utilized to nanobuild in epoxy. Reactive POSS and copolymer dispersed in homogenous in matrix, overcomed POSS-POSS interaction, which resulted in macroscale phase separation. The nanocomposites obtained were analyzed by Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray scattering and dynamic mechanical. An analogue of POSS (denoted as POSSMOCA) was synthesized via addition reaction, which had reactive amino group bonding into epoxy network and improved the thermostability, because of the structural silicon, nitrogen and halogen. Epoxy/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) hybrid composites were prepared from prereaction between trifunctional silanol POSS-OH and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) via silanol and the oxirane group. Reactive POSS-PGMA was polymerized via Reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization. It was easy to tail the compatibility of the epoxide block copolymer with a step-growth polymerized matrix, to form nanostructure via reaction with PGMA segements. In the case of inert POSS-PMMA copolymers modified epoxy, topology of copolymer defined the final morphology and interaction between epoxy and them, because of directional hydrogen bonding and dilution effect. Tg of different epoxide conversion, obeyed of Gordon-Taylor equation and Kwei equation, k which reflected the interaction of modifier and DGEBA/MEDA and epoxy/amine oligomers, was consistent of the rheology and dynamic results.


A robust nuclear reactor power controller was developed by using a novel robust guaranteed cost control method proposed in this paper to address the instability and insufficient control precision,which was caused by the uncertainty of nuclear reactor model and randomness in real operation condition.The state feedback matrix was obtained by solving linear matrix inequality.Kalman filter was constructed to address the problem that some state variables could not be measured in real system.Loop transfer recovery method was used to make the transfer function of the whole system to approach the target feedback loop transfer function as close as possible.The system simulation indicated that the controller designed based on this method could follow the appointed power signal exactly.Furthermore,the control system had good robustness characteristics and presented good control accuracy to meet the design requirements.


As the demands for ways to collect, process, analyze, and understand complex datasets continue to grow, techniques summarizing the "shape" of a dataset are needed. Indeed, the shape of a dataset often reflects important patterns within, whose discovery allows one to better store, model, and make inferences from the data. One of the main algorithms in applied topology, persistent homology [11, 12], provides insight into the shape of nonlinear, high-dimensional, time-varying, and noisy datasets at multiple different scales. My work revolves around persistent homology, from both the theoretical and applied perspectives. Given a finite sample of data points near an unknown underlying shape, what information about the unknown shape can be recovered from the sample? When the ambient dimension is low, there are effective techniques for building a mesh on top of the sample. However, the computation required for meshing scales poorly as the ambient dimension grows; this is one example of the "curse of dimensionality." Even data from our 3D world can quickly become high-dimensional: a 100 × 100 pixel greyscale image can be thought of as a point in 10,000 Demo[verticesInitial, 0.82]


I don't know if last month's editorial bemoaning some PCTs' short-sighted reconfiguration of nursing services was right on the button or wide of the mark. I came away from the ADNE conference in Northampton with mixed messages of innovation and adaptation in some areas, but low morale almost everywhere. And I haven't received a single email or letter to either agree with or challenge my perception that district nursing is in crisis. Rather than thinking 'no news is good news', I worry that BJCN readers are too busy fighting for their jobs to write.


The pandemic COVID-19 is the greatest threat in our whole life. It is an epidemic of the 20th Century. Whole world is facing this pandemic. It affects millions of pupils in the world. Human Beings are struggling for their existence. Every field of human life is affected by this epidemic. It created many challenges in every field/sector like: Health and Medical Science, General Sciences, Agriculture, Finance, Education, Culture, Mental health, Technology, Human Life, and International Relations etc. In the Field of Education it resulted in the worldwide closure of schools, colleges and Universities, affecting more than 188 countries. Education of more than 1.5 billion children and youths are affected. Due to lock-downs academic activities stopped and examinations were postponed. No one knows when the normal situation will be re-established. This epidemic affects every aspect of education. One of the most important measures to fight against the Covid-19 is 'Social-Distancing' or 'Physical-Distancing'. To follow this All the Educational institutions i.e. from Primary/Nursery to University level education system and academic activities are also. All stakeholders of education system i.e. Students, Teachers, Guardians, Society, Colleges, Universities, Educational Administrators etc. are affected by it and facing different challenges. Classes and other academic activities are suspended, Board and University Examinations are postponed, admission procedure / entrance test/examinations, competitive examinations are also postponed. The pandemic Covid-19 affected the whole life style of every person in the world. Since life-style is changing, the education sector also needs to change. However, institutions are trying to minimize the students' academic loss through on-line classes. But in our country where traditional mode of learning or face to face mode of learning is the back-bone of our education system, there are a lot of present and future challenges towards our education system. But we should never forget that challenges also bring opportunities.


Improved microsurgical techniques for en bloc vascularized adnexal isograft in the rat is described. The graft of the right ovary together with its fallopian tube and upper third of uterus was transplanted orthotopically with end‐to‐side anastomoses between the donor aortic segment and recipient aorta and between the donor vena cava segment and recipient inferior vena cava, with end‐to‐end anastomosis of the donor and recipient uterus in a syngeneic, bilaterally oophorectomized rat. All transplantations were successful in terms of immediate vascular patency rate (10/10, 100%). Evidence of resumed ovarian function was obtained in 9 out of 10 rats (9/10, 90.0%) by histological demonstration of the vaginal smear, in which pregnancies were achieved in six rats (6/10, 60.0%) and six litters of healthy offspring were delivered 9 weeks later after transplantation. These results suggest that microsurgical ovarian transplantation provide a new and potential experimental model for the study of fertility restoration in humans. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:30–33 2002 DOI 10.1002/micr.22006


In anticipation of presenting the preflight accommodations requirements to NASA for approval, the physics, biology, electronic and chemistry aspects of laser experiments which are most advantageous to the flight are investigated. Preliminary laboratory evaluation was targeted with the realization that future flights of the shuttle may begin in 1988. It is the consensus that during the holding time before the resumption of flights, there is an extra margin of perfection which is possible and that the period prior to flight is advantageous technologically. The problems that can be encountered in space flown laser systems are addressed and the analysis of data is offered as a model for preflight accommodation requirement filing.


Genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) analysis is an essential step to identify superior and stable yielding genotypes and suitable test environments for cultivar development. The objective of the present study was to examine GEI of grain yield among candidate dryland wheat genotypes and to identify promising genotypes for breeding. Seventeen genetically diverse wheat genotypes were evaluated at two sites during the 2015 (high-yielding environment) and 2016 (low-yielding environment) growing seasons in the Limpopo province, South Africa. Grain yield data were subjected to the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype and genotype-by-environment (GGE) biplot analyses. AMMI analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p ≤ 0.001) differences among genotypes (G), environments (E) and GEI effects, suggesting differential genotypic response across test environments. Large E (90.5%), and low G (2.96%) and GEI (4.1%) effects were observed on grain yield response. The study identified genotypes G312, G344 and G717 as high yielding and stable, and these were recommended as useful genetic resources for breeding of high-yielding genotypes under South African conditions or similar environments.


The technology that correcting the point mutation by specially designed oligonucleotides is a laest molecular biological technique developed from late 1990s'. Successful repair has been achieved in yeast,plant, mammalian cells and other biological material, even in more and more animal models. But the technology is still in its developing and growing stage, and the gene repair mechanisms need to be elucidated more exactly.At present, the following factors are considered to be related; the structures and transport systems of oligonucleotides, transcription of the target gene, DNA replication, mismatch repair, damage repair and other relate biological processes.

Key words:
Oligonucleotide;  Point mutation;  Site-specific gene repair


An electrical analog of a piezoelectric transducer has been built and used to demonstrate the generation and detection of acoustic waves and the electrical characteristics of a piezoelectric resonator. The circuit uses an artificial transmission line to represent the distributed‐constant mechanical properties of the transducer, and is therefore capable of reproducing the behavior of a transducer under both transient‐ and continuous‐wave conditions. The theory of the equivalent circuit of a transducer is first extended to facilitate interpretation of the physical processes of generation and detection. This is done by developing an "impulse sequence" that takes into account waves generated at both faces of a transducer, and the delay in time and reflections that they undergo in passing through the transducer. This analysis is used to discuss examples of waveforms obtained with the analog in the following situations (with various simulated combinations of backing and load impedance): (1) as a generator of ac...


Objective To investigate the requirement of health education for patients with spinal tuberculosis,making clinical education form,and determine the evaluation system.Methods 134 cases of spinal tuberculosis patients were surveyed with self-designed questionnaires.The questionnaire included 5 aspects,using the Likert 4 scoring method.Delphi method was applied in 16 experts.Results The health demand of patients showed high positive correlation in domains of cognition and operation.There was a moderate positive correlation between affective domain and cognition,operation domain.Two rounds of expert consultation showed that the expert opinion coordination coefficient was 100%,the average of authority was above 0.8,the expert opinion coordination coefficients of all the indexes were between 0.2~0.6.Conclusions The health education form for spinal tuberculosis patients can help to understand the needs of patients,it is pertinent and get the recognition of experts.

Key words:
Tuberculosis of the spine;  Health education;  Clinical form;  Evaluation


The gut microbiota of vertebrates, including humans, constitutes an integral genomic part that, together with the genome of the host, may be included under the umbrella concept of hologenome, which itself can be seen as one of the possible tools for evolution. Present-day lifestyles, technologically processed nutrients, and various diseases impact significantly upon composition of the intestinal microbiota. Knowledge recently brought to light has shown the gut microbiota to be a component of the microbiota–gut–brain axis having feedback effects on physiological and psychological processes of the host organism and its health. This minireview summarizes current knowledge and opinions on the importance of the microbiota–gut–brain axis and discusses possibilities for beneficially modulating one of the organism's most vital axes.


This manuscript contains poems written and revised during my two years in the M.A. program in English. Themes include family, divorce, love, madness, religion, and nature .. I wanted to develop a manuscript that truly reflected the past two years in terms of my life and in terms of my writing. The introduction details my journey to this point, explaining why certain I have been influenced by poets such as Sylvia Plath and Sappho. Overall, I see this manuscript as a reflection of life coming full circle, acting out part of the cycle of life. The journey from the first poem, "More than Blood," to the last, "On Laying Down My Sword," is imprinted on these pages.


The invention discloses a washing machine provided with a multifunctional water inlet box and a control method of the washing machine provided with the multifunctional water inlet box. The washing machine comprises a washtub and a water injection opening. The water inlet box used for dissolving and diluting a washing solution and washing objects is arranged between the washtub and the water injection opening. An ultrasonic transducer is arranged at the bottom of the water inlet box and connected with an ultrasonic wave generating power board for providing variable high-frequency power for the ultrasonic transducer. The water inlet box is provided with a water inlet, a first water outlet, a second water outlet and pipe control devices, wherein the water inlet is connected with a washing water injection opening, the first water outlet is connected to the washtub, the dissolved and diluted solution flows out through the first water outlet, the second water outlet is connected to a water drainage pipe, cleaning fluid flows out of the washing machine through the second water outlet, and the pipe control devices are used for controlling flowing of the solution and the fluid. Different programs for driving the water inlet box to work are selected according to different functions. The multifunctional water inlet box integrates the additive dissolving function and the object washing function, the time for a user to wash the objects such as glasses and jewelry is saved, and the washing functions of the washing machine are increased while the washing effect of the washing machine is improved.


South Bangka Regency is surrounded by sea waters which are in the central position of three fish migration routes (Strait of Malacca, Java Sea, and Natuna waters). Therefore, it has a great opportunity to develop its fish resources. This study aims to analyze the types of superior fish resources, production trends, and formulate priority strategies for the development of superior fish resources in South Bangka Regency waters. The methods used are the scoring method, curve estimation model, and the AHP method. Squid, shrimp, grouper, red snapper, and mackerel were selected as superior fish resources. The production trend of squid, red snapper, and grouper followed the polynomial model, while shrimp and mackerel were each logarithmic and exponential. The priority strategies for the development of superior fish resources in South Bangka Regency waters were promotion of optimizing the utilization of superior fish resources (RK= 0.250), introduction of technology and creative activities in fishing (RK= 0.217), and development of fisheries business based on regional potential (RK= 0.167).


A critical assessment is made of endogenous growth theory from the perspective of recent developments within economics as a discipline. These include its increasing mathematical formalisation, its focus upon microfoundations, the casual use of econometrics to test models, and the incorporation of factors that have traditionally been outside mainstream economics. It is found that the theory focuses upon market imperfections and technological progress in a variety of ways, and reconstructs their impact upon the macroeconomy as a growth rather than as a level effect. Whilst the growth rate is endogenised, this leads to the problem of multiple equilibria and extremely complex dynamics. The generalisation from exogenous growth theory is, however, associated with even more extreme assumptions and analytical distance from the socioeconomic processes of growth itself. Copyright 2000 by Oxford University Press.


The intention of this article is to insert readers in the complex contemporary discussion related to school practices of mathematical culture mobilization. For such, in the first part, we try to briefly characterize some theoretical perspectives that have been standing out for the way these practices are explained and understood in our country. The second part of the article considers more recent perspectives related to these practices. Even though these perspectives have not been standing out in a significant way in schools, they raise new and relevant elements for the consideration of the problem focused here.


The nature of the emerging field of web-based simulation is examined in terms of its relationship to the fundamental aspects of simulation research and practice. The presentation, assuming a form of debate, is based on a panel session held at the first International Conference on Web-Based Modeling and Simulation, which was sponsored by the Society for Computer Simulation during 11-14 January 1998 in San Diego, California. While no clear "winner" is evident in this debate, the issues raised here certainly merit ongoing attention and contemplation.


In the present study,the floral organogenesis of Colocasia bicolor,a newly-described species from China,belongs to the family Araceae,has been observed for the first time under the scanning electron microscope (SEM).The spadix of C.bicolor contains unisexual flowers without a perianth.The pistillate flowers are initiated on the basal portion of the inflorescence,and the staminate flowers are initiated on the apical portion.There is a narrow zone between the male flowers and female flowers consisting of neutral flowers.In the staminate flowers,three or four primary stamen primordia arise in a whorl,then,each of them splits into two secondary primordial.Some secondary primordia of a male flower fuse and form five or seven stamens,but no female structures are formed.Anthers are differentiated prior to the filaments formation.Six to eight (sometimes five) stamens are connate into a synandrium.In the female flowers,three or four carpel primordia arise in a whorl.In contrast,no male structures are formed.Neutral flowers derived from the delayed development and the degeneration of stamen primordia in the course of development.The spadix of Colocasia is different from those of Caladium,by lacking atypical bisexual flowers between the female and the male zone.The staminate primary primordia with ability of splitting up into two secondary primordia indicate some particular in Araceae.In addition,the fusion style of secondary primordia on C.bicolor is mentioned.


The present study aims to develop an application on primary nursing care for users with diabetes mellitus and to evaluate usability. It is a methodological study that for usability evaluation through the use of the System Usability Scale (SUS), is presented in a quantitative approach and cross-sectional design. The application was successfully developed based on the Nursing Protocol in Primary Health Care (APS) of the Regional Council of Nursing of Pernambuco (COREnPE), using open and cost-free frameworks and is available free of charge at Play Store on the Android version. In the evaluation of the usability by the nurses of the PHC collaborators in the construction of the protocol of COREN-PE, reached a SUS Score of 90 points being classified in a scale of better attainable, presenting better percentages in the components of ease of learning and satisfaction, and points of improvement before efficiency, ease of storage and inconsistencies. The use of applications contributes to increase knowledge, as well as provide a quick and objective support in problem solutions, qualification of care and strengthening of nursing practices in basic care


Objective:To observe the effect of integrated TCM and WM in treating community acquired pneumonia.Method:79 patients with community acquired pneumonia were randomly divided into 2 groups.Patients in the treatment group were treated with antibiotic and Chinese medicine,and patients in the control group were treated with antibiotic alone.Both the two groups were treated for 10 to 14 days.Result:In the treatment group,31 cases caured,6 cases effective,2 cases ineffective,the total effective rate was 94.87%(95%CI=82.42%~99.34%).In the control group,13 cases cured,16 cases effective,11 cases ineffective,the total effective rate was 72.50%(95%CI=58.66%~86.34%).The difference between the two groups was notable(u=3.7853,P=0.0003).Conclusion:The effect of integrated TCM and WM was superior to that of antibiotic in treating community acquired pneumonia.OR=0.14(95%CI=0.03~0.69),NNT=4(95%CI=2.58~16.61).And the duration time of fever,rales and cough was shortened(P0.05).


In this text we show an exploratory study on radio and podcast consumption with children between 8 and 10 years old, who attended Basic Education in a Portuguese school. The objective was to understand their consumption habits and how these habits could positively influence their school learning. Starting from our experience in broadcasting school radio with students, we consider the hypothesis that children do not like listening to the radio, rather participate and do it. The result of our study shows that, in general, children do not have the habit of listening to the radio, but when they do, it is almost always mediated by adults, which can contribute to a negative image of the radio itself. The podcast - having immense educational possibilities - still has no concrete consumption and, therefore, remains unknown to many children, although it shares the language with the radio and offers new possibilities.
Keywords: Radio;podcast;children;consumption habits


In this paper, a CMOS biosensor integrated circuit (IC) focusing on dielectric relaxations of biological water with 120 and 60 GHz oscillator arrays is proposed. To realize label-free biosensing, we focus on frequencies around 100 GHz where changes in the dielectric constant of water become prominent as many a water molecule is bound to biomolecules. To detect the state of the biological water, sensing elements based on LC-oscillators operating at 120 and 60 GHz are realized using the 65 nm CMOS process. The sizes of the sensing elements are significantly smaller than the wavelengths of the operating frequencies, therefore 2-D arrays can be implemented in a chip. The trial chip enables us to obtain spatial distributions of the targets. In this paper, the cultivated bacterial colony growth is monitored and other biosensing applications are explained, which showcase possibilities for using the biosensor IC.


The characteristics of removal nitrogen and halotolerancy of strain qy18 and strain gs2 were studied.Halotolerant heterotrophic nitrifying strain qy18 and moderately halophilic heterotrophic nitrifying strain gs2 were screened.In the light of its morphological and physiological characters as well as their sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA,strain qy18 and gs2 was identified as Pseudomonas and Halomonas respectively.After 48 hours,the NH4-N of removal rate were 98.51% and 96.10%,the TN of removal rate were 83.75% and 81.46%,and COD of removal rate were 54.13% and 45.0% by the two strains respectively.This showed that the removal rates of nitrification and nitrogen were simultaneously accomplished by two strains which utilized the organic carbon and ammonia as the resource.The optimum efficiency of removal ammonia by two strains were 5.79 mg/(L·h) and 5.50 mg/(L·h),respectively,which were higher than those previous reported.The NO3-N was not detected,and the maximum accumulation of NO2-N were 0.02 mg/L and 3.79 mg/L respectively during the incubation process.It was speculated that the strain qy18 had a special approach of ammonia removal.The optimal salinity ranges for two trains growth were 0~4% and 2%~10% respectively.Furthermore,it was found that the remaval ammonia was restrained earlier than the cell growth during the process of rising salinity.


Summary. Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization for autologous transplantation is more difficult in treated patients and those with bone marrow involvement. In 17 pretreated lymphoma patients, cyclophosphamide (4 g/m2) and G‐CSF mobilized a median circulating peak of 1959 CFU‐GM/ml on day 12.5. PBSC harvesting commenced when WBC was 1×109/l at day 10.5 collected a median of 21.2 × 104/CFU‐GM/kg. 13/17 (76%) patients exceeded the 10 × 104 CFU‐GM/kg threshold for engraftment. The CFU‐GM yield was significantly higher in patients whose WBC recovered from 1–5 × 109/1 in less than 3 days and correlated with the maximum WBC pre and post the cyclophospharnide induced nadir. This regime safely mobilized adequate PBSC in the majority of pretreated lymphoma patients.


This study discusses two cases of combined use of SWOT-AHP in SMEs from outside Indonesia. The journals studied were journals published in the last 10 years, namely from 2010-2020. This study explains the combined use of SWOT-AHP abroad and domestically (Indonesia) and further discusses the benefits and challenges in the combined implementation of the SWOT-AHP method in SMEs. This research can be a reference in subsequent studies that apply the combined SWOT-AHP based on the potential and challenges of using the combined SWOT-AHP.


In this paper,the properties of carbon nitrides were introduced,and then the research development on theoretic calculation and synthesis methods in recent years was discussed.Finally its future application and developing trend were pointed out.


vorlage 6. Jahrestagung der SGS 2013 in Fribourg/Freiburg Title: Perceptual Training in Sports Games – Evaluation of the Colour-Cue Method Authors: Klostermann, A.1, Hossner, E.-J.1 1Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Switzerland Abstract: Introduction: Amongst others, research on perceptual-cognitive expertise in sports revealed that experts are better able to make predictive decisions in complex situations. Consequently, from a practitioner's perspective it would be highly relevant to know whether this advantage can be trained. A possible intervention is the so called colour-cue method that guides attention to information rich areas (e.g. Cañal-Bruland, 2009). However, findings are inconsistent and there is a recent need for research especially in regards to its operationalization (Abernethy, Schorer, Jackson, & Hagemann, 2012). Therefore, in the study at hand the effect of different colour cues on decision making and gaze behaviour was experimentally compared. Introduction: Amongst others, research on perceptual-cognitive expertise in sports revealed that experts are better able to make predictive decisions in complex situations. Consequently, from a practitioner's perspective it would be highly relevant to know whether this advantage can be trained. A possible intervention is the so called colour-cue method that guides attention to information rich areas (e.g. Cañal-Bruland, 2009). However, findings are inconsistent and there is a recent need for research especially in regards to its operationalization (Abernethy, Schorer, Jackson, & Hagemann, 2012). Therefore, in the study at hand the effect of different colour cues on decision making and gaze behaviour was experimentally compared. Methods: In a mixed-factorial design, four groups with 10 students each viewed two times 12 scenes in which four players were displayed which passed a volleyball three times in sequence to one of two possible players. By use of a button response system (1000 Hz) participants had to decide as fast and accurate as possible which player would receive the ball and continue playing. For one of three decisions in each scene, at the moment of the pass the receiving player was marked with one of 2 times 2 possible colour cues (small vs. big, static vs. flickering). The gaze behaviour was captured with an integrated eye-tracking system (EyeSeeCam, 200Hz). For the comparison of marked vs. unmarked decisions as dependent variables the time and the correctness of the decision as well as fixations at the receiving player were calculated and statistically analysed with a 2 (mark) x 2 (size) x 2 (frequency) ANOVA with repeated measure on the first factor and planned t-tests. Results: A significant three-way interaction was found for decision time, F(1, 36) = 6.60, p = .01, ηp2 = .15, with significantly earlier decisions for the colour cues small/flickering, big/static and big/flickering (all ps < .02) when comparing marked vs unmarked trials. Furthermore, significant main effects for decision correctness as well as fixation onset and fixation duration were revealed (all ps < .01) with beneficial effects for marked decisions. Finally, for marked decisions only, a significant between-subjects effect for size, appeared, F(1, 36) = 8.93, p = .01, ηp2 = .19, with an earlier fixation onset for big compared to small colour cues. Discussion: The findings elucidate that the application of colour cues resulted not only in faster and more accurate decisions but also in a more optimal gaze behaviour characterised by earlier fixation onsets and longer fixation durations. However, the efficiency of this method clearly depends on its properties, so that the most functional colour cue should be evaluated in advance of implementing those cues in perceptual training. Currently, these findings are used to design a video-based perceptual training intervention for beach volleyball players. References: Abernethy, B., Schorer, J., Jackson, R. C., & Hagemann, N. (2012). Perceptual training methods compared: The relative efficacy of different approaches to enhancing sport-specific anticipation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 18, 143-153. Cañal-Bruland, R. (2009). Guiding visual attention in decision-making – verbal instructions versus flicker cueing. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80, 369-374. 6. Jahrestagung der SGS in Fribourg/Freiburg WWW.SPORTWISSENSCHAFT.CH WWW.SIENCESDUSPORT.CH s o u r c e : h t t p s : / / d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 7 8 9 2 / b o r i s . 5 0 8 2 7 | d o w n l o a d e d : 2 5 . 2 . 2 0 2 0


In the Rebirth of Tragedy, Nietzsche traces the origin of Greek tragedies for the purpose of remedying western problems of modernity such as the weakening of life and division of culture caused by modern enlightenment. Through his analysis of ancient Greek tragedies, Nietzsche calls for the modern rebirth of the spirit of tragedy to salvage the spiritual weakening of the modern European culture and proposes his theory of art abstraction as a means to search for cultural integration.


Objective To explore the effects of intrathecal injection of small interfering RNA(siRNA) targeting phosphodiesterase 4 Isoforms (A,C) on the hyperalgesia in a rat model of L5 spinal nerve ligation.Methods After lumbar intrathecal catheters implanted, 72 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=12): sham group(group S), group NS, vehicle group(group V), siR-M group (group M), PDE4A siRNA group (group siR-A) and PDE4C siRNA group (group siR-C). In the sham group, the L5 spinal nerve was only exposed without ligation. Other five groups all received spinal nerve ligation(SNL). Sham group and NS group were administrated intrathecally with saline (10 μl) immediately, at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after surgery. Other four groups were treated with LipofectaminTM RNAiMAX 2 μg/10 μl (group V), mismatch siRNA 2 μg/10 μl (group M), PDE4A-siRNA 2 μg/10 μl (group siR-A), or PDE4C-siRNA 2 μg/10 μl (group siR-C) at the same time points respectively. Behaviorally, mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 1 day before and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 days after surgery separately. On the 8th day after behavioral testing, the lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed to measure the level of PDE4A,PDE4C, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin(IL)-1β.Results Compared with groups S, rats in other groups showed significantly lower TWL and MWT (P0.05); Compared with group S and siR-A,rats in other groups showed higher expression of PDE4A′s protein (P0.05);Compared with groups S and siR-C,rats in others groups showed higher expession of PDE4Cs protein (P0.05);There were significantly higher expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in spinal cord on postoperative 8th day(P0.05).However, no statistical significant differences were observed in MWT and TWL,the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β among the five groups.Conclusion Intrathecal injection of siRNA targeting PDE4A or PDE4C could effectively inhibit the expression of PDE4A or PDE4C's protein in the lumbar spinal cord. However, they neither could decrease the level of inflammatory factors nor have effects on relieving neuropathic pain induced by SNL.


One of the most formidable challenges of scaling up quantum computers is that of control signal delivery. Today's small-scale quantum computers typically connect each qubit to one or more separate external signal sources. This approach is not scalable due to the I/O limitations of the qubit chip, necessitating the integration of control electronics. However, it is no small feat to shrink control electronics into a small package that is compatible with qubit chip fabrication and operation constraints without sacrificing performance. This so-called"wiring challenge"is likely to impact the development of more powerful quantum computers even in the near term. In this paper, we address the wiring challenge of trapped-ion quantum computers. We describe a control architecture called WISE (Wiring using Integrated Switching Electronics), which significantly reduces the I/O requirements of ion trap quantum computing chips without compromising performance. Our method relies on judiciously integrating simple switching electronics into the ion trap chip - in a way that is compatible with its fabrication and operation constraints - while complex electronics remain external. To demonstrate its power, we describe how the WISE architecture can be used to operate a fully connected 1000-qubit trapped ion quantum computer using ~ 200 signal sources at a speed of ~ 40 - 2600 quantum gate layers per second.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the initiatives of value enhancement and the promotion of local agri-food products in Argentina and Spain to address some of their limitations and contradictions.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on processes of participatory action research, data and knowledge were produced dialectically with the actors, linking the research process to rural development processes.

Findings
Value enhancement and promotion of local agri-food products is a complex system where values, preferences and availability of resources converge, allowing to consume products of higher quality, "heritage" products or products differentiated by the production mode. This consumption is not only aimed at tourists who are willing to pay something more for a "certified" local product, but also for the estrategic allies who appreciate the taste of the food of their territory: local consumers. These processes develop strategies such as the "fairs" of each product, or the classic "quality seals." In the comparison between experiences of both countries, the controversies raise with the high prices of the products as a synonym of value enhancement instead of the right to quality food and the seeking of food sovereignty.

Originality/value
Problematizing the recovery and valorization of local products reveals the necessity, awareness and inclusion of consumers as actors in the innovation processes and not simply as buyers of luxury products. The originality is also based on specific intervention experiences with territorial actors (social, economic, scientific and political) that shape new forms of intervention, based on strategies that link patrimonialization, knowledge systems and territorial development.


This article takes the 1928 Atlantic hurricane, remembered in Guadeloupe as le grand cyclone 28, as the starting point for a selective genealogy of Guadeloupean women in times of catastrophe, following Melissa Harris-Perry's study of women and citizenship during Hurricane Katrina. The essay reminisces and imagines different scenarios of survival and resilience, while analyzing modes of representations of Guadeloupean identities, from the unattributed and undated ID photograph of the author's paternal grandmother to Augustus Sherman's group portrait of migrant workers on their arrival at Ellis Island in the late 1910s, Man Ray's exotica of his métisse muse on the eve of World War II, Sarah Maldoror's filmic depiction of a heroine of the Angolan anticolonial struggle in the 1970s, Alain Foix's recent historical reconstitution of the encounter between Angela Davis and Gerty Archimède, and Joëlle Ferly's "revolutionary" performance in Port-au-Prince in 2011. The article concludes on the impossibility of Guadeloupean identity outside of an archipelagic construction of history.


The article by Wouters and colleagues1 presents an exhaustive overview on how quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) can be used in cost-effectiveness analysis. In this framework, the authors also mention the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which is the parameter typically used to express the results of a cost-effectiveness study. The article, however, does not discuss the net monetary benefit (NMB), which is another parameter used to express the results of a cost-effectiveness study.

The incremental cost (ΔC) and the incremental effectiveness (ΔE) are the two main parameters of pharmacoeconomics and cost-effectiveness analysis, along with the willingness-to-pay threshold (λ). The decision rule (eg, in the case of a favourable pharmacoeconomic result) is (ΔC/ΔE) 0 (equation 2), if based on the NMB. Likewise, an unfavourable pharmacoeconomic result is when …


Background: There are three broad types of food allergies, including IgE-mediated reactions, non-IgE-mediated reactions, and mixed reactions. The onset of IgE-mediated food allergies is usually rapid and can sometimes lead to serious illness. Non-IgE-mediated and mixed types of food allergies can cause significant morbidity as a result of chronic disease. Objectives: This study aimed to compare various types of food allergies and discuss the basis of their different presentations. Methods: This study was conducted on children aged 2 - 12 years old with signs or symptoms of food allergy in the allergy clinics of Azad University Hospitals, Tehran, Iran, from January 2019 to January 2020. Food allergy was evaluated in these patients by careful history, physical exam, skin prick test, and atopy patch test. Results: A positive family history of atopy was detected in the first-degree relatives of 82 (63%) patients. All the children were exclusively breastfed at the beginning. A total of 61 patients had positive skin prick test (SPT), and 68 patients had positive atopy patch test (APT) results. Among food allergens, a significant correlation was detected between positive atopic patch test results and hypersensitivity reactions to cow's milk (P value = 0.001), beef (0.002), and tomato (0.04). There was the same significant correlation between positive skin prick test results, allergens, and wheat (P value = 0.01). Conclusions: Although skin prick and atopy patch tests may help identify the culprit foods, oral food challenges are the mainstay of the diagnosis.


This thesis deals with a major problem of production loss of a knitting industry. The knitting machine has to stop when defects occurred and then faults are corrected, which results in time loss and efficiency loss. Not only that the knitted fabric may be rejected if quality requirements are not met. An effective monitoring is required to avoid defects and to avoid productivity and quality losses. The study identifies two main categories of defects (average time required for correcting defects and machine down time) are responsible for reducing productivity. The thesis reflects that due to yarn breakage machine stopped for seen minutes per days, for maintaining machine stopped for two hours per month, for needle breakage six minutes per day and for technical problem machine stopped for several times.


Field trials were conducted to evaluate 20 cultivars of cabbage belonging to different leaf colour groups (light green, dark green and red) against diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Among the cultivars tested, red cabbage was found to be least susceptible whereas light green cultivars showed more susceptibility towards diamondback moth infestation. In terms of larval infestation and wrapper leaf damage among the 4 leaf colour groups, there existed a significant difference between red cabbage and all 3 green categories. However, among the green categories, significant differences in susceptibility were detected only between the light green and green groups and light green and dark green groups while it was non-significant between green and dark green groups.


Levator avulsion is common after vaginal delivery and is strongly associated with prolapse and prolapse recurrence. The aim of this study was to compare assessment by digital palpation and two ultrasound methods, one using rendered volumes and the other multislice imaging, for the diagnosis of levator avulsion.


Within the wide family of Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS), the Flyback converters represent the structure of choice for use in small and medium power applications. For compact designs and radio-frequency sensitive applications, e.g. TV sets or set-top boxes, Quasi-Resonant power supplies start to take a significant market share over the traditional fixed frequency topology. However, if the feedback loop control is well understood with this latter, for instance via a comprehensive literature and SPICE models, the situation differs for self-oscillating variable switching frequency structures where no model still exists. This article will show how a simple large-signal averaged SPICE model can be derived and used to ease the design work during stability analysis.


Smart city is a strategic entity that comprises of modern urban production factors in a common framework and highlights the growing importance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Telecommunications service providers have strengths and assets that can be utilized to bring the dream of a smart city environment into reality. This leads to a strong move that serves the needs of society by ensuring E-Governance rather than conventional setup of Governance. Establishing a customer contact centre is just the first part of the process of optimal digitalization of municipal operations and interactions with citizens. This research highlights how a contact center helps to achieve few goals of a by providing significant facilities to citizens.


We constructed a soluble minimal receptor-Ig chimera in which the two extracellular domains of human Fcepsilonhain (D1 and D2) were fused to the dimerizing C-terminal domain of human IgG1 heavy chain (gamma1-CH3). The protein was expressed and actively secreted by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as a fully glycosylated soluble dimeric protein. It showed efficient binding both to human membrane-bound IgE isoforms and to the two secretory IgE isoforms. Moreover, the dimeric receptor binds IgE with the expected 1:2 stoichiometry. The receptor-Ig chimera, in 2-fold molar excess, inhibited engagement of secretory IgE to rat basophilic leukemia cells expressing the human alphabetagamma receptor. Full self-nature and inability to bind Fcgamma receptors make this protein an attractive candidate for clinical applications and a novel biotechnological tool for atopic allergy research.


2014 CODATA Uncertainties Support "New SI" Newly revised Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) recommended values of the fundamental constants were published on June 25, 2015. For a copy of the recommended values, visit: physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html A significant number of new experimental and theoretical results became available for consideration from January 1, 2010, the closing date of the 2010 CODATA adjustment, through December 31, 2014, the closing date of the 2014 CODATA adjustment. Overall, the recommended values for the fundamental constants have become more accurate. Compared to the CODATA 2010 recommended values, the following five uncertainties have improved:


National government budgets, in particular those for military functions and organizations, surely are staple items in analyses of international security and conflict. A large and increasingly sophisticated literature on this subject has emerged in the U.S. (as examined by Zinnes, 1976; Moll and Luebbert, 1980; Russett, 1983). Much of it has concentrated on the U.S. case and in particular on the behavior of actors at various points in the budget setting process (Crecine, 1969; Crecine and Fischer, 1973; Majeski, 1983, 1985; Marra, 1985; Ostrom, 1978; Stromberg, 1970). This literature has emphasized a complex mix of organizational roles; external developments, particularly in terms of military aspirations and threats from the Soviet Union; and domestic politicaleconomic constraints. Another stream of work has emphasized incrementalism both as a way of describing the relations between current and past budgets and as a decision-making strategy (Davis, Dempster and Wildavsky, 1966; Gist, 1974). Serious pursuit of this line of thinking requires disaggregation of military budgets by programs as well as by stages in the decision process. Nevertheless, the literature seems to have two things in common: an emphasis on the U.S. and the desire for point prediction of budget levels. We shall concentrate here on a far different national case-that of Japan-with the primary intention of sorting out the merits of alterna-


The success of hydrocarbon recovery from the subsurface relies on wellbore stability usually provided by suitable mud-weight. Too low can cause breakout and wellbore collapse; too high can cause fractures (breakdown), and thereby giving rise to an operating mud-weight window (MWW). The MWW forms part of the operator's well planning process and is sensitive to insitu stress estimates, well trajectory and formation material properties. Analytical calculations can estimate the onset of damage around a wellbore; however, this has two inherent limitations in not being able to capture 1) complex stress distribution around wellbores deviated from the in-situ stress direction and/or in non-homogeneous formations, and 2) material softening/hardening due to formation damage and redistribution of stress influencing further damage or stability/instability. 3-dimensional numerical modelling has the capability of capturing stress conditions around wellbores of any orientation, while additionally considering constitutive material models that can capture both heterogeneous characteristics (including bedding plane effects) and post-yield strength softening/hardening. Therefore, with efficient modelling techniques it is possible to capture detailed wellbore stability due to a range of well trajectories and formation anisotropy. By careful consideration of the results it is possible to provide beneficial information for drilling, such as predicted cuttings volume and safe MWW. Such modelling and result assessment techniques are available in the Elfen wellbore software; paper provides detailed assessment of both wellbore deviation and formation heterogeneity with an aim to enhancing current wellbore stability assessments. into account the nonlinear hardening or softening behaviour of the rock are necessary. Due to their depositional history, many sedimentary rocks are characterised by laminated structures, most commonly bedding planes. Numerous experimental studies have shown that such formations exhibit anisotropy in stiffness and strength (e.g. Bonnelye et al., 2017). In the case of extended reach wells, beddingrelated wellbore instability can become a significant drilling obstacle; common considerations of homogeneous rock may fail to describe failure under these conditions (Ong and Roegiers, 1993). In-situ observations and experimental results (Willson et al., 1999; Ask and Ask, 2007; Lang et al., 2011; Tellez et al., 2012; Labiouse and Vietor, 2014; Konstantinovskaya et al., 2016; Mehrabian et al., 2018) have shown that, in the presence of bedding planes yielding occurs at the corners of the wellbore unlike the conventional breakouts, and the dominant mechanism is buckling of the exposed bedding leading to subsequent fracturing at the maximum curvature (Okland and Cook, 1998). While there exists some semi-analytical solutions considering both strain hardening/softening response (Chen et al., 2012; Gaede et al., 2013; Chen and Abousleiman, 2017) and planes of weakness (Zhang, 2013; Zhou et al., 2018), these are usually limited to specific types of rock, well orientations or stress conditions. In addition, there are several numerical models dealing with wellbore stability under complex conditions, however only a few of them are able to accurately account for the post-yield redistribution of stress around the wellbore and capture further potential damage or stability. Efficient numerical modelling used for wellbore stability analysis can capture the mechanism, location and extent of plastic yielding around the wellbore in a range of well trajectories and formation heterogeneities. Consideration of the results provides beneficial information for drilling, such as operating mud weight window and predicted cuttings volume; these can be provided post-yield based on the continuous calculation of the dynamically changing stresses around the wellbore. Such modelling and result assessment techniques are available in the Elfen wellbore software. In the following study, Elfen wellbore software is used to assess wellbore stability in both deviated wells and heterogeneous formations providing insight into the different instability mechanisms and estimates of operational parameters with an emphasis on cuttings volume prediction making use of the software modelling capabilities. Firstly, a vertical wellbore is considered under different stress and pressure conditions reproducing theoretical rupture modes proposed by Etchecopar et al. (1999). Rock heterogeneity is then considered by introducing planes of weakness in the model. Lastly, the wellbore trajectory is modified to estimate the effect of wellbore inclination and angle of attack on the deviated wellbore stability.


In present works and we will stop at called pedagogical or school countryside science. Researching of specific resources points that the countryside science is with limited using in Biology. With present work with we aim to observe didactic main point, meaning and opportunities for putting into practice of the countryside science in education of Biology. Using the countryside work ensure good opportunities for individualization and differentiation of studying-educational process. Making the conclusions for whole theoretical examination about question.


The present disclosure relates to a clothes dryer provided with an expansion apparatus (160 fig. 2) that can be varied according to an operation mode change, and more particularly, to a condensation type heat pump clothes dryer and a method of operation for the same. The expansion apparatus can be varied according to the on/off of a solenoid valve 163 using the user's operation mode input during the selection of a first operation mode for turning on the heater (180 fig.3) or a second operation mode for turning off the heater and for selectively closing the flow pathway of one of the expansion valves 161 or 162 in the clothes dryer, thereby controlling a required flow rate of refrigerant. The drier can have at least 2 operational modes, a fast mode and an eco mode. When the eco mode is selected the controller transfers an OFF command to the heater and closes the solenoid valve to close the flow path to one of the expansion valves.


Breast cancer is the uncontrolled, abnormal growth of malignant breast tissue affecting predominantly women. The Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) is over expressed in approximately 20 % to 25 % of invasive breast cancer. HER2 status is a predictive factor that is taken into consideration when estimating the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. The two main methods used for HER2 testing are immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the HER2 extracellular domain. However, some patients with HER2 metastatic breast cancer acquire resistance within a short time period. In this review, we discuss various mechanisms of action of trastuzumab and the drugs that have been developed to overcome drug resistance. Keywords: HER2; Tyrosine kinase; Autocrine motility factor


THE BIOLOGICAL measurement of PO2 (partial pressure of oxygen) in the blood or various other tissues is today a very common and important parameter in the evaluation of patients in various states of health. Routine PO2 measurements are carried out by sampling the blood at relatively large time intervals and utilizing the well-known Clarke-type electrodes [1]. These electrodes are relatively large and are included in the various biological gas measurement systems widely used in every hospital.


Mădălina "Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are the infections that develop clinically after 48 hours of admission in the hospital. Nosocomial infections occur within 48-72 hours of admission and are characterized by significantly higher incidence of infections resistant to treatment. Exogenous or endogenous pathogenic microorganisms can cause healthcare-associated illnesses. The clinical expertise of senior physicians and some prior studies indicated that the risk factors for HAI included both the patients own characteristics, as well as extrinsic factors. Patients' characteristics may include age, sex, body weight, intrinsic comorbidities, diabetes mellitus, and immunological factors, while external factors may be represented by invasive procedures, medications, mechanical ventilation, surgery time in minutes, reoperation, cephalosporin exposure, days of exposure to central venous catheter, and stays in intensive care units. Monitoring of HAIs and application of preventive measures are essential in order to lower their incidence. Keywords: healthcare associated infections, intensive care unit"


We studied the seasonal dynamics of food niche width and annual niche relations of queens, workers and males of six abundant bumblebee species living on a slope of a subarctic hill in North Sweden. The basic data consist of analyses of pollen contents in nectar loads of individual foragers. At any given time of the season individual foragers utilized frequently more than one flower species during each trip, concentrating, however, most of their efforts on one species only. These "major" species varied between individuals thus widening the foraging niche of the species. No obvious differences were observed in niche widths of the sexes and castes of the species (neither day-to-day nor annual observations). Queens had highest niche overlaps and males the lowest ones. Sexes and castes were separated into groups by their foraging patterns. Differences in proboscis lengths are not obvious niche separating factors at the study area. The environmental uncertainty (in time and space) may occasionally lead to excess of resources, which, in turn, may open possibilities of wide utilization of available flower species, thus rendering close fit between proboscis length and corolla tube depths of the foraged flowers unnecessary.


Lay Summary Between 1955 and January 2000, the U.K. Armed Forces and Ministry of Defence enforced a ban on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and related (LGBT+) service, dismissing or forcing th...


A cascaded Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) with scroll expanders is investigated in this paper, the system performances under various configurations are evaluated and the effect of superheating on the system efficiency is clarified. The efficiency of two-stage ORC system is 38.9% higher than that of single-stage system when R245fa is used as the working fluid, while the efficiency of two-stage ORC system is 10% lower than that of single stage when R134a is adopted. The specific work of single-stage ORC system with R245fa increases linearly with the degree of superheat. There is an optimal superheated degree for the system output power and efficiency, which is 35 K for the expansion ratio of 3.5 and 45 K for the expansion ratio of 5.


An advanced ray-tracing numerical method is coupled to an ionospheric plasma transport code to model the self-consistent propagation of an obliquely incident high-frequency (HF) beam in the ionosphere. An HF radar propagation scenario is presented as an application. During the daytime, a density increase in the lower ionosphere is predicted causing the defocusing of the incident HF beam.


1161 OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA (OSA) IS A COMMON CLINICAL SLEEP DISORDER THAT AFFECTS AT LEAST 2% TO 4% OF MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN AND MEN.1 Relatively increased prevalence rates have been reported in older adults2,3 and African Americans.4,5 OSA is clinically characterized by chronically fragmented sleep and intermittent hypoxemia, defined as repeated episodes of oxygen desaturation that alternate with episodes of reoxygenation. OSA is recognized as a significant health problem with neurocognitive and cardiovascular morbidities. The disorder is associated with a range of significant medical and psychological consequences, including obesity, hypertension, increased risk for vascular disease, depression, and excessive daytime sleepiness.6-12 The precise mechanisms responsible for the cognitive and psychological consequences associated with OSA are still unknown. Sleep fragmentation may have detrimental effects on daytime functioning as a result of excessive daytime sleepiness.13 Lanfranchi and Somers14 have suggested that OSA-related hypoxemia results in changes to the structure and function of the brain vessels, which can adversely affect cognitive function and contribute to both morbidity and mortality.8,15 The use of neuroimaging methodologies can contribute to our understanding of brain structure and function in individuals with OSA. Neuroimaging studies may aid in the identification of those OSA individuals at greatest risk for poor outcome by examining relationships between brain integrity and functional response to treatment. These results may subsequently serve as a potent clinical motivator for OSA individuals struggling with treatment adherence. Two reviews of neuroimaging in OSA have been published to date.15,16 The results are largely inconsistent because of methodological and sample variability. The most consistent findings have come from magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies, which have shown changes in the frontal white matter.15 The results of structural studies are also heterogeneous, although hippocampal involvement is frequently reported.17,18 Functional imaging studies utilizing cognitive tasks have resulted either in reduced activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), or in increased neural response in frontal lobe, cingulate, thalamus, cerebellum, and temporopaEffEcts of PAP for osA on BrAin Activity


Let C(X) be the ring of all real-valued continuous functions on a completely regular topological space X, and let A﹛Y) be the ring of all functions analytic on a connected non-compact Riemann surface F. The ideal theories of these two function rings have been extensively studied since the fundamental papers of E. Hewitt on C﹛X) [12] and of M. Henriksen on the ring of entire functions [10; 11]. Despite the obvious differences between these two rings, it has turned out that there are striking similarities between their ideal theories. For instance, non-maximal prime ideals of A (F) [2; 11] behave very much like prime ideals of C﹛X) [13; 14], and primary ideals of A(Y) which are not powers of maximal ideals [19] resemble primary ideals of C(X) [15]. In this paper we show that there are very good reasons for these similarities. It turns out that much of the ideal theory of A (Y) is a special case of the ideal theory of rings of continuous functions. We develop machinery that enables one almost automatically to derive results about the ideal theory of A(Y) from corresponding known results of ideal theory for rings of continuous functions.


Advance directives are intended to allow patients to continue to guide their clinical care even after they lose decision-making capacity. Despite being promoted as a way to extend patients' autonom...


The classical electromagnetic interactions of a nonlinear spinor field are studied in perturbation theory. When Pauli terms are included, the model describes with reasonable accuracy (within the assumed approximations) such properties of the nucleons as spin, charge, magnetic moment, and the proton mass. With no other information one can calculate the proton-neutron mass difference, which comes out of the wrong sign and of the same size as in quantum electrodynamics.