that developed haze either had stage III keratoconus or more advanced changes including thinner corneas, higher keratometry values, and prominent Vogt striae. Mazzotta et al reported that hyporeflective bands in a reticular pattern representing stromal microstriae prior to CXL could be a confocal sign of advanced keratoconus, predicting haze formation. This pattern was not seen in our cases, consistent with the milder clinical picture. Despite the lower risk profile of our patients, both developed dense, deep stromal scars that were morphologically different and more severe than the faint haze described by Mazzotta et al and Raiskup et al. The deep stromal scar also occurred at the junction between the treated and untreated cornea along the demarcation line, which has not been previously described. Mazzotta et al also described increased keratocyte density in the region of the scar, in contrast to the reduced keratocyte population in our cases. Riboflavin– UV-A exposure typically causes keratocyte apoptosis in the early postoperative period, and we speculate that a sublethal effect in the deep stroma where the UV-A irradiation dose is lower may lead instead to fibroblastic transformation and an aberrant scarring response. This would explain the delayed reaction seen and, if proven in subsequent study, may suggest that longer or higherintensity UV-A irradiation is indicated. Performing a modification of the technique in which the epithelium is not removed may also help prevent this complication. In conclusion, deep corneal stromal scarring may complicate CXL for mild keratoconus and, if severe, may lead to a significant increase in astigmatism.


This article presents partial results of a curriculum development research. The project proposed by Parada (2012) addresses the problems of teaching and learning of Differential Calculus at the Industrial University of Santander (UIS). The research is structure around three axes: 1) Design and development of curricular alternatives; 2) teacher training and; 3) attention to students. Each axis is development through preventive or remedial alternatives. The monitoring of each alternative has enabled a research context and conceptualization of Variational Thinking skills, associated with the mathematical processes proposed by the Ministry of National Education (MEN, 1998). This article explains the structure and advances of the characterization of the Variational Thinking abilities that has not been identify even in the literature reported nationally and internationally.


Over the past few years much effort has been expended to develop tablets for MS therapy. Up to now all these treatment strategies have targetted the misdirected immune response in MS patients that concern the activation and expansion of T lymphocytes and their subsequent penetration through the blood-brain barrier. The activities of other immune cells such as B lymphocytes are also modulated by these drugs. Some of these oral theraopeutic agents have the potential for so-called neuroprotection since they up-regulated antioxidative paths in neurons and glial cells or stimulate precursor cells of oligodendrocytes. In the present review we discuss the currently available data about the first generation of tablets for MS therapy, namely cladribin and FTY720 as well as data on drugs such as the fumarates of laquinimod and teriflunomid that will probably be introduced in the near future.


Over the last few years there has been an awakening of interest within the transport profession in techniques which have been widely used within market research, at least partly because of lack of confidence in the traditional models and a greater awareness of their practical restrictions. Although the two fields have very different traditions of data collection and analysis, there are sufficient points of common interest to make a reconciliation worthwhile. A particular subject of interest concerns the use of data obtained in response to hypothetical questions. For instance, a respondent may be confronted with hypothetical new product with certain defined attributes and then ask how one would rate such a product relative to the current market. A central concern about such questions is that the respondent may simply not be able to carry out the task in any way corresponding to his normal choice process and even though he may well give an answer it may constitute misleading data. Such concern underlies the traditional economic view—which has been carried across into econometric modeling—that the only legitimate choice data is that where a real choice has actually been made, typically in the context of the market. However, this view was formulated at a time when demand analysis was carried out at a much more aggregate level than has focused attention on individuals' choice sets; once the importance of these is admitted, the insistence on revealed preference data seems less well-founded. The objective of this paper is to set out some of the crucial issues in this debate. In passing, the paper will refer to some place of work being carried out in order to investigate the compatibility between these two types of data.


In this paper, we propose P-detection and 1-Persistent CSMA/CA protocol. Using average cycle method, we established the mathematical model of the protocol. Through derivation, we obtain the throughput expression of this protocol. Simulation results show that this protocol improves the throughput and it is effective to enhance the system performance. Using this protocol, we completed the FPGA design of communication control system in WSN. The product passed waveform simulation and it is downloaded to the DB2 platform. Test results confirm the throughput of system has been increased, achieving the improvement of communication protocol for WSN.


The paper points out the necessity of the construction of the logistics engineering major course based on happy teaching and determines its talent training objective and curricular principle,on the basis of which,it develops the course framework and decides on the reasonable sequence and class hours of the various subjects in accordance with the relationship between the subjects.Finally,it introduces the experience and achievement of University of Science Technology Beijing,Tianjin College


This study was conducted to evaluate the effect ekstracted of papaya leave (Carica papaya) on fat accumulation in broilers chickens.This study used 80 broilers obtained from acommercial hatchery (14 days of age). P0 = commercial feed + drinking water without papaya leave extract, P1 = commercial feed + 2.5 ml of papaya leave extract (boiled
method)/liter drinking water, P2 = commercial feed + 5 ml of papaya leave extract (boiled method)/liter drinking water, P3 = commercial feed + 2.5 ml of papaya leave extract (blended
method)/liter drinking water and P4 = commercial feed + 5 ml of papaya leave extract
(blended method)/liter drinking water. Results of variance analysis showed that papaya leave extract did not affect abdominal fat, sartorial fat, heart fat, neck fat and gizzard fat in broiler chickens (P > 0.05). However papaya leave extract affected significantly total fat depot (P
<0,01). There was a correlation between abdominal fat with sartorial fat, heart fat, neck fat,and gizzard fat (P<0.01) with the equation y = 0.38 + 1.21X 1+ 1.08X 2 – 1.82X
with r = 0.79. Upon further analyzed, there was correlation between abdominal fat and sartorial fat (P <0.01) with the equation y = 0.05 + 0.42 X with r = 0.76. It can be concluded that papaya leave (Carica papaya) extract did not reduce abdominal fat, sartorial fat, heart fat, neck fat and gizzard fat. In addition, the papaya leave extract at level of as 2.5 ml/liter drinking water (blended method) increased the total fat deposition in broilers.
13 +0.48X4


Main chemotherapy regimens used to treat adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first or further relapse were reviewed. In retrospective study, second complete remission rates ranged from 30% to 64%, while they ranged from 8% to 89% in prospective trials. The second complete remission rates were closely associated with age and duration of first complete remission. Combination therapies resulted in higher complete remission rates but were associated with higher toxicity. Median duration of second complete remission was


This study approaches the series Correspondence of Mario de Andrade, from the writer's archives at IEB-USP, presenting the subseries which compose it: active, passive and third-party correspondence. It focuses on documents which were chosen to exemplify the specificities and importance of each one. The paper also discusses the presence of epistolar dialogues with a meaninful not only for the Macunaima's author literaty creation, but for the prose, poetry, plastic arts, music and the Brazilian culture of the 20th century as well.


Around 15 million tons per year is the volume of waste in the Kingdom. Plastic represents17% of it, at a rate of 41 thousand tons per day, where the per capita rate is 1.2 kilograms per day,and the numbers are constantly increasing. The highest consumption rate in the world for plastic bagsis in the Kingdom. Today, in light of the Corona pandemic, medical waste appears in huge numbers.The current study presents an overview of some countries that succeeded in making use of plasticwaste by converting it into energy or into products that benefit society in creating a healthyenvironment in addition to transforming it into an investment opportunity to achieve an increase innational income while providing new job opportunities and opening new areas in local markets. Thestudy concluded by identifying experiences of some countries that sought to find alternatives toharmful plastic waste, but most projects are still in the middle of their progress. Another importantconclusion was drawn, that is the authorities in the K


these criteria be applied to decide which urban government services are better performed on a local and which on an areawide basis; and which of the services that favor local operation should be given subsidies by higher levels of government, and why? These are some of the questions that this paper will attempt to elucidate and, in part, answer. In certain respects this paper was stimulated by a report of the Advisory Commission on Inter-Governmental Relations, tc Performance of Urban Functions: Local and Areawide." 1 The Report proposed the application of seven criteria to fifteen urban government services. The criteria may best be summarized in the following manner: 1 . Spillover minimization 2. Scale economy maximization 3. Geographical area sufficiency 4. Legal and administrative ability 5. Functional sufficiency 6. Controllability and accessibility by constituents


Education on gender equality is an essential foundation to improve our society. Many of the current inequality or sexist situations have their roots at a very young age, when the mindset is constructed and stereotypes are created and fixed. At such young ages, education is essential. Also, in these ages, videogames are an interactive tool with a massive use that can provide benefits beyond entertainment. We consider that videogames can be effectively used for improving gender equality education. In this paper, we conduct a review of the videogames used with goals related to education on equality and raising awareness about inequality or gender violence aspects, and the limitations encountered on such works. To start covering the limitations found, we present two initiatives developed to foster education on equality and that can be used as a guideline for future research on this area.


We present a case study about the didactical suitability of a game of chance task, Integers Addition Bingo. This task aims to enhance 48 Spanish students (grade 7, 1214 year-olds) in stochastical reasoning when making decisions under uncertainty and of risk. Particularly, we present the results of the students' perceptions about the interest and utility of the task, which are elements constitutive of the analysis of the affective suitability. Moreover, we analyse the relationship between the affective dimension of the suitability with the epistemic cognitive and mediational dimensions.


It is well-known that the dynamics of many financial time series exhibit discontinuities. Relationships between the key factors which are true today may not be true tomorrow. The moments when the key relationships change are called the times of "structural change". Apply the Hidden Markov Model methodology to identify the structural change moments for the USD/EUR exchange rate. The analysis must be exploratory and robust. As such, it should not employ very complicated models relying on too many assumptions.


Considering that stoichiometric borane and oxidant are required in the classical alkene anti-Markovnikov hydration process, it remains appealing to achieve the transformation in a catalytic protocol. Herein, a visible-light-mediated anti-Markovnikov addition of water to alkenes by using an organic photoredox catalyst in conjunction with a redox-active hydrogen atom donor was developed, which avoided the need for a transition-metal catalyst, stoichiometric borane, as well as oxidant. Both terminal and internal olefins are readily accommodated in this transformation to obtain corresponding primary and secondary alcohols in good yields with single regioselectivity. This procedure can be scaled up to gram scale with a 230 turnover number based on photocatalyst.


This research was conducted in the parish of El Tambo, canton Catamayo, Loja province. The field phase of the investigation was conducted between February and October of 2014, where the issue of productive and post-productive process was evaluated. The monitoring step was carried out with the direct involvement of researchers in the field. The problems that arise in agriculture in the cultivation of cucumbers directly affects low production. The objectives raised were: 1) conduct an assessment of the production and post-production chain of the cucumber in the field of product safety. 2) Assess the microbiological risks at the stage of physiological maturity to the marketing of the cucumber. 3) To assess the chemical risks (Maximum Residue Limits) in the stage of cucumber harvest. 4) Transfer the results of research to: local authorities, producers and other actors in the chain and the general public.

Given the depth of the study he corresponded to a type of descriptive, explanatory and evaluative research, consisting of; identifying areas of greater production of cucumber in the parish of La Era, La Merced, San Agustin, La Capilla, El Verdun, Juanes, San Miguel, Indiucho, proceeded to collect information throughout the production and post-production process to evaluate variables in the study, between those who emphasize: technical, safety and quality aspects.

In this area agriculture without technique is practiced, removed from the good practices, the analysis took; zero microbiological contamination of Salmonella and E. coli; 30% of production showed chemical residues.

Alternatives aimed at solving these problems were raised; loss of quality and safety of the cucumber, soil conservation and production using GAP. The dissemination of results to local producers, students and people interested took place.


The invention relates to a kit for detecting tyrosine phenol metabolites in human urine, comprising a reagent, wherein the reagent is a light green transparent liquid formed by mixing 0.1-0.2 g/ml of mercuric sulfate solution, 1-2 g/ml of mercuric nitrate solution, 0.1-0.2 g/ml of nickel nitrate solution in the volume ratio of 1:0.5-1.5:0.5-2. The kit is innovated on the basis of the principle of a Millon reagent, eliminates the interferences of alkali substances, metal ions and other relevant substances in the urine on reagent detection, and improves the detection sensitivity and accuracy. By the clinical verifications of tumor hospitals, 278 patients in 300 cancer patients diagnosed by the histology are detected to be positive patients, so that accuracy rate (coincidence rate) reaches 92.6%.


Glucose-reduced glucose oxidase does not directly transfer electrons to conventional electrodes because the distance between its redox centers and the electrode surface exceeds, even on closest approach, the distance across which electrons are transferred at sufficient rates. Therefore, electrical communication between the redox centers of this enzyme and electrodes required either the presence, and diffusion to and from the enzyme's redox center, of O/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/O/sub 2/, or the presence of members of a redox couple, or the use of special electrodes like TTF/TCNQ. They show here that direct electrical communication between the redox center of a large enzyme molecule and a simple metal electrode can be established through chemical modification of the enzyme. When a sufficient number of electron-relaying centers are attached through covalent bonding to the protein of glucose oxidase, electrons are transferred from the enzyme's redox centers to relays that are closer to the periphery of the enzyme. Because some of the relays are located sufficiently close to the enzyme's surface, electrons are transferred at practical rates to the electrode. As a result, a glucose-concentration-dependent current flows in an electrochemical cell made with conventional electrodes when the electrolytic solution contains the relay-modified enzyme. Such amore » current does not flow when the solution contains the natural enzyme. Specifically, electrical communication is established between the FAD/FADH/sub 2/ centers of glucose oxidase and gold, platinum, or carbon electrodes through the covalent bonding of an average of 12 molecules of ferrocenecarboxylic acid per glucose oxidase molecule.« less


We have developed a hot-pressing method for consolidating garnet scintillator powder of composition Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that gallium oxide, which was a constituent of the garnet scintillator powder, would react with the graphite mold beginning at 950°C and would be reduced to gallium metal. To prevent this reaction during hot-pressing, a reaction barrier material was placed between the graphite mold and the scintillator powder. As for the reaction barrier material, 3GdAlO3–Al2O3 powder calcined at 1100°C was found to be suitable because the material provided two important characteristics: the same thermal expansion coefficient as the scintillator material and good sinterability. The Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce garnet scintillator powder was hot pressed at 1475°C for 4 h in vacuum, followed by annealing at 1300°C for 4 h in oxygen atmosphere. The thus obtained garnet scintillator successfully satisfied the necessary requirements for use in an X-ray computed tomography detector.


Review by Alex Benchimol (University of Glasgow) of James Grande, William Cobbett, the Press and Rural England: Radicalism and the Fourth Estate, 1792–1835 . Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Pp. 250. £58. ISBN 9781137380074.


compulsive disorder. Here, we described a proband with a de novo variant in SETD1A [NM_014712.3:exon8: c.2120_2121insA (p.Gly708Argfs*117)] identified by whole-exome sequencing. The main manifestations of the proband were moderate global developmental delay, epilepsy, hypotonia, short stature, special facial features, hemangioma, toe deformity, white matter dysplasia, and ventricular dilation. Several studies have shown that individuals with SETD1A variants may have unique characteristics, including epilepsy, general developmental delay, and minor facial deformities (Table 1). Compared with previous reports, our case showed novel phenotypes such as macrocephaly, hypertrichosis, stubby fingers, and unique face and toe deformities, namely, the facial features, trunk, and limbs on the left side were relatively smaller than that on the right. In addition, our patient had no obvious speech development disorder or behavioral abnormality. Levetiracetam is effective in the treatment of seizures in our case. In addition, there was another report that showed phenobarbital to improve SETD1A-related epilepsy. This case enriches our understanding of SETD1A-related neurodevelopmental disorders, expanding the phenotype and genotype spectrum. Through literature review, we also found that the truncating variants were more severe in clinical phenotypes, most of which were accompanied by mental and behavioral disorders, facial deformities, and short stature. This case provides valuable information for clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling.


: In this paper, we propose a method that is classified pitching motions using deep learning and detected the habits of pitching. In image classification, there is a method called Grad-CAM to visualize the location related to classification. However, it is difficult to apply the Grad-CAM to conventional video classification methods using 3D-Convolution. To solve this problem, we propose a video classification method based on V-Net. By reconstructing input video, it is possible to visualize the frame and location related to classification result based on Grad-CAM. In addition, we improved the classification accuracy in comparison with conventional methods using 3D-Convolution and reconstruction. From experimental results, we confirmed the effectiveness of our method.


The Transactional Network Platform (TNP) provides an open source reference platform for achieving the benefits of Transactional Energy. It allows researchers to effectively and efficiently implement their building control applications against a common message information exchange schema without having to build the underlying infrastructure for communicating with devices and other applications. Applications built in this platform have been deployed and are being demonstrated on real building control systems and appliances.


During the start-up of a hydraulic system in low ambient temperatures an incorrect operation may occur. The principles and conditions of safely operating hydraulic driven machines and devices are essential to designers and operators. For this reason the author of this article has conducted a series of tests on hydraulic components and systems in thermal shock conditions (cooled-down components were supplied with hot working medium). In such conditions, the initial parameters of the hydraulic components and systems determine their correct operation. During the start-up of a hydraulic system in thermal shock conditions, elements of hydraulic components warm up in a non-uniform way, due to various material properties and shapes of parts. Differences in clearances between elements and may lead to the faulty performance of hydraulic components and machine break-down. The selection of appropriate materials for various hydraulic component parts should increase machine safety during start-up in thermal shock conditions.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial and complex disorder. The age of the onset and the course of AD could be related to the lifestyle, genetic, socidemographic, environmental, clinical and pharmacological factors. Post mortem brain studies indicated that the alterations in neurotransmitters systems could be involved in the ethiology and progress of AD. The aim of the study was to determine peripheral biochemical markers (platelet serotonin/5-HT/ concentration, and the activity of platelet monoamine oxidase type B /MAO/ and plasma dopamine-beta hydroxylase /DBH/) in patients with AD subdivided according to the onset of disease and to the presence of psychotic features. The study included 43 male and 144 female patients with AD subdivided in two groups according to early (before the age of 64 years) or late (after the age of 65 years) onset of AD. The diagnosis of the probable AD fulfilling NINCDS-ADRDA criteria was established according to the ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR criteria. Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was used to assess the cognitive impairment. The control group consisted of sex and age-matched medication free healthy subjects (65 female and 51 male). Platelet 5-HT concentration and platelet MAO activity were determined using spectrofluorimetric methods, and plasma DBH using photometric method. Platelet 5HT concentration, and plasma DBH activity were decreased, while platelet MAO activity was increased in patients with AD. The highest platelet MAO activity was found in male and female patients with early onset AD. Patients with late onset AD had lower values of plasma DBH activity as compared with patients with early onset AD and healthy controls. The changes in biochemical parameters were not related to the presence of psychotic features. The results of this ongoing study, support the presumption that platelet 5-HT concentration, platelet MAO and plasma DBH activity could be used as the peripheral biological markers for different categories of AD. In addition high platelet MAO B and low plasma DBH activity could be the predictors of the AD. Our results of the altered MAO and DBH activity in patients with AD, support the presumption that toxic and reactive metabolites of catecholamine neurotransmitters could be involved in the ethiology of AD.


This paper reports the results of energy analysis of two 210 MW coal-fired thermal power stations located a good distance apart. A new and simple method for evaluation of thermal efficiency has been presented. Measures for improvement in plant performance in the coal, air, water and steam circuits as well as auxiliary power and secondary oil have been depicted, based on the analysis and existing field conditions.


The United Nations Millennium Declaration involved member nations in seeking to reduce extreme hunger and poverty measured against targets set for 2015. There may have been some success to date, with the estimated total number of undernourished people falling by 17 per cent since 1990–1992 (FAO 2013). But there remained around one in eight people in the world who suffered from chronic hunger in 2011–2013. While the measured progress shows marked regional differences, sub-Saharan Africa remains the region with the highest prevalence of undernourishment. Progress has been slow in South Asia although the experience appears more positive in East and SouthEast Asia and Latin America. As the 21st century unfolds, concerns about the adequacy of global agricultural production and food systems to feed and properly nourish the world's population have resurfaced – echoing some similar (but also different) concerns that prevailed in professional and popular thought half a century ago. The similarities lie in uncertainty about looming global imbalances in the pace of growth in food (or more broadly agricultural) demand versus supply (Erlich 1968; Meadows et al. 1972; Brown 2012), but now coupled with concerns about rising obesity alongside the persistence of large scale undernutrition. The other notable differences are the relative sizes of the planet's population – a projected threefold increase in population between 1960 and 2050 – and where the rate of growth in population to 2050 is expected to be roughly half the rate observed for the past 50 years. The world's population is now ageing and becoming increasingly urbanised and increasingly concentrated in today's lowand middle-income countries. Agriculture is taken to have large effects on the global climate and in turn is sensitive to weather events. Fifty years ago, substantial (but minority) scientific attention was being given to global cooling (Kukla and Matthews 1972); now the focus is squarely on global warming in the context of climate changes that are envisaged to proceed in a more rapid and more volatile fashion compared with past trends. Our understanding of the present reality and future prospects of global food security issues sits at the nexus of science, economics, policies, politics and environmental concerns. This volume comprises seven papers from leading economic scholars that tackle different dimensions of food production, consumption, trade and nutrition. Most of the papers have a


The synthesis of the first polymer-supported TADDOL is reported. Its efficiency as chiral ligand of Ti(IV) was studied in the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene to 3-crotonoyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one, and was superior to that observed for its homogeneous equivalent. (4R,5R)-α,α,α′,α′-2-pentaphenyl-4,5-dimethanol-1,3-dioxolane. Recycling of the heterogeneous Ti(IV)-TADDOLate was also studied, being the most suitable method for the repreparation of the catalyst from the ligand after use. Chirality 9:191–197, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


Background: Patients' own assessment of recovery after ambulatory surgery has not been well studied. The aim was to study patients' self‐assessed recovery, the occurrence and time course of post‐operative problems in relation to the type of ambulatory surgery.


Rats were undernourished from the 16th day of gestation until 25 postnatal days of age and then weaned on to an ad libitum diet. Around 35 days of age, 12 previously undernourished male rats were assigned to an enriched environmental condition (EC) and their littermates to an isolated environmental condition (IC). A parallel set of well‐fed rats was similarly assigned. After 80 days in these environmental conditions, all rats were killed by perfusion with 2% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde.


Experiments on laser beam divergence long-pulse Nd:YAG laser using a different kinds of optical resonators has been performed. The variation of the thermal focal length during long-pulse pumping (up to ten milliseconds) in Nd:YAG rod was measured using a precise method. A multimode resonator for variable long-pulse laser was designed by using the matrix method and taking into account tie thermal lens of tie laser rod


The aim of this study was to produce epoxidized monoalkyl esters (EMAE), a valuable class of oleochemicals used in a wide range of products and industries, from used soybean cooking oil (USCO) and fusel oil via a three-step chemoenzymatic process. This process consists of a first enzymatic hydrolysis of USCO to produce free fatty acids (FFA). Here, five microbial lipases with different specificities were tested as biocatalysts. Full hydrolysis of USCO was obtained after a 180 min reaction time under vigorous stirring (1500 rpm) using a non-specific lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL). Then, monoalkyl esters (MAE) were produced via the esterification of FFA and fusel oil in a solvent-free system using the lipase Eversa® Transform 2.0 (ET2.0) immobilized via physical adsorption on poly(styrenene-divinylbenzene) (PSty-DVB) beads as a biocatalyst. Different water removal strategies (closed and open reactors in the presence or absence of molecular sieves at 5% m.m−1) on the reaction were evaluated. Maximum FFA conversions of 64.3 ± 2.3% (open reactor after a 30 min reaction time) and 73.5 ± 0.4% (closed reactor after a 45 min reaction time) were observed at 40 °C, using a stoichiometric FFA:fusel oil molar ratio (1:1), without molecular sieves, and 5 mg of immobilized protein per gram of reaction mixture. Under these conditions, maximum FFA conversion was only 30.2 ± 2.7% after a 210 min reaction time in a closed reactor using soluble lipase. Reusability tests showed better retention of the original activity of immobilized ET2.0 (around 82%) after eight successive batches of esterification reactions conducted in an open reactor. Finally, the produced MAE was epoxidized via the Prilezhaev reaction, a classical chemical epoxidation process, using hydrogen peroxide and formic acid as a homogeneous catalyst. The products were characterized by standard methods and identified using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Maximum unsaturated bond conversions into epoxy groups were at approximately 33%, with the experimental epoxy oxygen content (OOCexp.) at 1.75–1.78%, and selectivity (S) at 0.81, using both MAEs produced (open or closed reactors). These results show that this new process is a promising approach for value-added oleochemical production from low-cost and renewable raw materials.


"…in 1972 the Congress of the United States authorized the construction of the Closed Basin Project, which authorization was approved by the President of the United States…"


This paper is an appendix to a previous paper: quant-ph/0101123 ``Relaxation Method for Calculating Quantum Entanglement", by Robert Tucci. For certain mixtures of Bell basis states, namely the Werner States, we use the theoretical machinery of our previous paper to derive algebraic formulas for: the pure and mixed minimization entanglements (i.e., E_{pure} and E_{mixed}), their optimal decompositions and their entanglement operators. This complements and corroborates some results that were obtained numerically but not algebraically in our previous paper. Some of the algebraic formulas presented here are new. Others were first derived using a different method by Bennett et al in quant-ph/9604024.


In this paper we test the validity of the prediction test of future cash flows as a substitute for the test of value relevance of earnings. We theoretically show that the R 2 of the cash flows prediction regression is contaminated by (1) the relative presence of noise in future cash flows (2) the relative presence of noise in the covariance between future cash flows and current earnings. We test if either of the above two factors contribute to the result of Kim and Kross (2005) that the ability of earnings to predict one-year-ahead cash flows has increased over the recent decades, in contrast to the evidence of decreasing value relevance of earnings presented by others. We find empirical evidence that both factors contributed to their result. From the significant presence of noise in cash flows (97%) and also in the covariance (87%), we conclude that the cashflows prediction test is a poor substitute for the test of value relevance of earnings, and perhaps of other accounting numbers as well.


Unlike current assessment protocols, which emphasize prediction and control—often at the expense of engagement with the unknown, emergent, and new—we explore here our experiences as professors opening to surprise, in pedagogical interactions that have unpredictable outcomes. We imagine and advocate for institutional structures that, rather than predetermining goals and measuring how well we have achieved them, necessitate surprise and strengthen us to respond creatively and liberally to it. Without room for surprise, we argue, education is denied, and distorted by the loss of, one of its central energies: the circulation of the gifts of chance and serendipity.


Industrial networks for distributed monitoring, control, and automation purposes require high-accuracy clock synchronization in topologies including long chains of cascaded nodes. Unfortunately, accuracy typically degrades as the number of devices and the distance from the synchronization reference node (i.e., the master or grandmaster) grows, because of the accumulation of multiple uncertainty contributions. To mitigate this problem, the so-called transparent clocks are used in some synchronization protocols, such as the precision transparent clock protocol used in PROFINET IO isochronous real time networks and the precision time protocol version 2, standardized as IEEE 1588-2008. In this paper, an optimal servo-clock in the mean square sense is proposed. The controller relies on both a Kalman filter that estimates the clock state difference with respect to the master and a static-state feedback assuring mean square stability even under the effect of significant fluctuations of the synchronization period. Several multiparametric simulation results in a case study based on the features of PROFINET IO devices confirm that excellent performance can be achieved with the proposed approach.


The uniform Tur\'an density $\pi_{1}(F)$ of a $3$-uniform hypergraph $F$ is the supremum over all $d$ for which there is an $F$-free hypergraph with the property that every linearly sized subhypergraph with density at least $d$. Determining $\pi_{1}(F)$ for given hypergraphs $F$ was suggested by Erd\H{o}s and S\'os in 1980s. In particular, they raised the questions of determining $\pi_{1}(K_4^{(3)-})$ and $\pi_{1}(K_4^{(3)})$. The former question was solved recently in [Israel J. Math. 211 (2016), 349-366] and [J. Eur. Math. Soc. 20 (2018), 1139-1159], while the latter is still a major open problem. In addition to $K_4^{(3)-}$, there are very few hypergraphs whose uniform Tur\'an density has been determined. In this paper, we give a sufficient condition for $3$-uniform hypergraphs $F$ satisfying $\pi_{1}(F)=1/4$. In particular, currently all known $3$-uniform hypergraphs whose uniform Tur\'an density is $1/4$, such as $K_4^{(3)-}$ and the $3$-uniform hypergraphs $F^{\star}_5$ studied in [arXiv:2211.12747], satisfy this condition. Moreover, we find some intriguing $3$-uniform hypergraphs whose uniform Tur\'an density is also $1/4$.


"Ginger Goodwin Way is a book, edited by Jesse Birch, featuring essays by the late Jim Green, Jesse Birch and Michael Turner. The book also documents the 2010 exhibition of the same name at the Or, which featured work by Mariana Castillo Deball, Michele Di Menna, and Until We Have A Helicopter, with texts by Adam Sellen, Eric Bell, and Raymond Boisjoly. Ginger Goodwin Way was an exhibition of contemporary art that engaged with contested stories and histories: re-interpretations, misinterpretations and unofficial versions." -- Publisher's website.


The theme of the article is the banks and financial institutions. This study aims to assess the financial performance of existing BPRS in Central Sumatra, and predict the potential for bankruptcy in the BPRS. The method used to assess financial performance is to assess the performance of Capital, Efficiency, Liquidity and Profitability in the period of financial statements 2013-2015. While the potential for bankruptcy is done by using the Altman Z-Score method. The results showed that there were two potentially bankrupt BPRS.


As ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) often leads to alteration in atmospheric circulation and further causes climatic variation, exploring the relationship between regional climate changes and ENSO is helpful for understanding the variation in regional hydrology. This study analyzed the relationship between the climate changes in the Jinghe watershed and ENSO through Mann-Kendall, correlation test and wavelet analysis. Results showed that climate tended to be warmer and drier during 1960-2005, and this trend has been more significant since the 1990s. Climate changes in the Jinghe watershed were closely correlated with ENSO. Precipitation was more sensitive to ENSO than temperature. Precipitation was more sensitive to SOI and temperature was more sensitive to SST. The impacts of ENSO warm events on climate changes in the Jinghe watershed were more significant than cold events.


For most comparatists-at-law, comparison resolves itself as a generalizing activity directed toward one form or other of normative integration. It thus succumbs to the Hegelian temptation of sublating contradiction, that is, of assimilating the singular. I am critical of this disciplinary stance, and I have long sought to forestall this appropriative tendency – which, to my mind, can only be based on fictional relationality across laws. Because it is unavoidably artificial, obstinately instrumental, and, indeed, determinedly hegemonic, I want to suspend the connection between comparison and measure. In other words, I advocate processes of comparison that are no longer bound to commensuration. I argue in favour of incommensurability as the radical absence of common ground between different orders of legal knowledge. 'Common ground,' any 'common ground,' must assume a metalanguage; but the empirical fact is that there is no language that can dispense with idiomaticity. What there is across laws, and all there is, is an abyss – an untranslatable abyss. For me, comparison is thus the site of a problem rather than a solution. Place, then, is not a mere static backdrop to legal meaning: it is a dynamic constituent of it. In other words, place is not simply a physicalist conception: it is also an existential notion. Law emerges only in and through place (an assertion that does not entail an essentialist, exclusionary, reactionary, conservative, or immobile understanding of 'place' – one can, indeed, approach 'place' as source rather than terminus, as that from which something begins in its unfolding, rather than that at which it comes to a stop). Law and place are inextricably enmeshed, which means, incidentally, that law can be constitutive of place in its turn. In the same way that there is no ungrounded language, there is no ungrounded law. For law, any law, to be 'as law,' it must stand forth in terms of an experience of place. It must dwell. For those who have


For most large colorectal polyps, endoscopic resection is safer and much less costly than surgical resection, according to estimates from published


In computationally modeling domains using Poisson's equation for electrostatics or magnetostatics, it is often desirable to have open boundaries that extend to infinity. In electrostatics, the normal component of the electric field is often set to zero using system boundaries sufficiently far as to make this approximation accurate. In magnetostatics, imposing that the normal component goes to zero is equivalent to the ideal conductor boundary condition. It is noted that the configuration and strength of field lines is dependent upon the size of the boundary chosen, and an infinitely large grid is required to resolve the problem. To resolve this difficulty, a method based upon using a finite amount of terms of the solution to Laplace's equation outside the boundary is introduced. The solution to the Laplace equation outside the domain is coupled with the system of finite difference equations and a finite difference expression for the normal derivative at the boundary.


Although some production and marketing restrictions are barely defined, Dera area is a potential teff producer in Ethiopia's Southern Gondar zone. The study analysed teff production, focusing on factors that affect the volume of teff sold, based on data collected from household surveys, respondent interviews, and focus group discussions. Both descriptive and econometric analyses were used. The results show that teff grown in the study area is mixed, practised by 34.5% of households, followed by red teff (32.16%) with commonly used storage facilities such as Gota, Gotera, and Sack. In terms of marketing, the results show that 57.7% of teff produced in the 2019 sowing season was delivered to the market through rural retailers, wholesalers, and directly from producers to consumers. The result of the ordinary least squares estimates of the multiple linear regression model indicates the gender of the head of household, the experience of the head of household, the amount of teff produced, the lag in the market price of teff, on-farm income, in addition to payment outside the teff farm, positively affects the volume of teff sales. In contrast, livestock ownership and distance from the market have a negative and considerable impact. The paper also examines the main limitations and opportunities faced by farmers. The lack of an organised market and price setting is the most common limitation for farmers in the marketing system. Therewith, fraud and fluctuations in supply and demand, as well as insufficient working capital are considerable limitations for traders. However, the growth of urbanisation, continued price increases, and government investment in infrastructure development are great opportunities for both farmers and merchants. Thus, to have better results in the teff market, it is necessary to implement improved negotiation power, accurate market information, and infrastructure development. This study dictates a large number of further studies related to the impact of urbanisation on the consumption of processed teff products

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The present study was carried out to evaluate the in-vitro anti-inflammatory properties of different extracts of Tinospora cordifolia stem and Glycyrrhiza glabra root in combinations by bovine serum albumin denaturation method. Chloroform and methanol extracts of both plants were prepared by maceration extraction. The anti-inflammatory activity of different concentrations of different extracts of both nutraceutical plants in combinations 2:1 and 1:2 were evaluated. Aspirin was used as standard drug. The percentage inhibition of combination of G. glabra and T. cordifolia chloroform extract in ratios of 2:1 and 1: 2 were found significant (p < 0.05) inhibition up to 79.45 ± 0.337 and 64.36 ± 0.27 at 25 μg/ml when compared to the control, respectively. Whereas the percentage inhibition values of methanolic extract at both plants in ratio of 1:2 and 2:1 were found significant (p < 0.05 inhibition up to 83.21 ± 0.024 and 71.28 ± 0.51 at 25 μg/ml, respectively. The result clearly indicates that the both nutraceutical plants in combinations 2:1 and 1:2 and methanolic extracts possess better anti-inflammatory properties.


A new cold neutron triple-axis spectrometer (Cold-TAS) was recently constructed at the 30 MWth research reactor, HANARO. The spectrometer, which is composed of neutron optical components and radiation shield, required a redesign of the segmented monochromator shield due to the lack of adequate support of its weight. To shed some weight, lowering the height of the segmented shield was suggested while adding more radiation shield to the top cover of the monochromator chamber. To investigate the radiological effect of such change, we performed MCNPX simulations of a few different configurations of the Cold-TAS monochromator shield and obtained neutron and photon intensities at 5 reference points just outside the shield. Reducing the 35% of the height of the segmented shield and locating lead 10 cm from the bottom of the top cover made of polyethylene was shown to perform just as well as the original configuration as radiation shield excepting gamma flux at two points. Using gamma map by MCNPX, it was checked that is distribution of gamma. Increased flux had direction to the top and it had longer distance from top of segmented shield. However, because of reducing the 35% of the height, height of dissipated gamma was lower than original geometry. Reducing the 35% of the height of the segmented shield and locating lead 10cm from the bottom of the top cover was selected. After changing geometry, radiation dose was measured by TLD for confirming tester`s safety at any condition. Neutron(0.21 ) and gamma(3.69 ) radiation dose were satisfied standard(6.25 ).


With the development of new energy, three-phase grid connected converter has been widely applied. In order to meet the requirement of synchronous signals extraction under the condition of asymmetry...


Abstract The good quality of several manufactured components frequently depends on solidliquid interactions existing during processing. Nowadays, the research in material engineering focuses also on modern, automatic measurement methods of joining process properties, i.a. wetting force and surface tension, which allows for quantitative determination of above mentioned parameters. In the paper, the brazes' dynamic properties in high-temperatures' measurement methodology and the stand for automatic determination of braze's properties, constructed and implmented within the research grant nr KBN N N519 441 839 - An integrated platform for automatic measurement of wettability and surface tension of solders at high temperatures, are widely described


This article firstly puts forward the fact that language possesses cultural meaning. Then it further points out that the difference between languages are the reflection of different thoughts. Finally it concludes that culture is the manifestation of thoughts in languages.


The term "faint foreshadowing" is quite complicated. Based on contemporary study, this article starts from poetic criticism and commentary materials on novels, points out different reference of "faint foreshadowing" in practical criticism which include structural clue, foreshadowing and metaphors and symbols. In addition, it also probes the significance and reason of the formation of this term.


The binding mechanism of Mg2+ at the M3 site of human placental alkaline phosphatase was found to be a slow‐binding process with a low binding affinity (KMg(app.) = 3.32 mM). Quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence of the Mg2+‐free and Mg2+‐containing enzymes by acrylamide showed almost identical dynamic quenching constant (Ksv = 4.44 ± 0.09 M−1), indicating that there is no gross conformational difference between the M3‐free and the M3‐Mg2+ enzymes. However, Zn2+ was found to have a high affinity with the M3 site (KZn(app.) = 0.11 mM) and was observed as a time‐dependent inhibitor of the enzyme. The dependence of the observed transition rate from higher activity to lower activity (kobs) at different zinc concentrations resulted in a hyperbolic curve suggesting that zinc ion induces a slow conformational change of the enzyme, which locks the enzyme in a conformation (M3′‐Zn) having an extremely high affinity for the Zn2+ (K*Zn(app.) = 0.33 μM). The conformation of the M3′‐Zn enzyme, however, is unfavorable for the catalysis by the enzyme. Both Mg2+ activation and Zn2+ inhibition of the enzyme are reversible processes. Structural information indicates that the M3 site, which is octahedrally coordinated to Mg2+, has been converted to a distorted tetrahedral coordination when zinc ion substitutes for magnesium ion at the M3 site. This conformation of the enzyme has a small dynamic quenching constant for acrylamide (Ksv = 3.86 ± 0.04 M−1), suggesting a conformational change. Both Mg2+ and phosphate prevent the enzyme from reaching this inactive structure. GTP plays an important role in reactivating the Zn‐inhibited enzyme activity. We propose that, under physiological conditions, magnesium ion may play an important modulatory role in the cell for protecting the enzyme by retaining a favorable geometry of the active site needed for catalysis.


In the past, the general development of microscopes was governed by the desire for ever higher resolution in the micrographs. This led to programs like the TEAM project resulting in as fantastic machines as the TEAM I microscope offering a resolving power of about half an Angstrom in both TEM and STEM mode [1]. In this course, virtually all means were taken to increase the resolving power even if it put severe limitations to other aspects of microscope aided research. As the most prominent examples in (S)TEM serve the millimeter-sized pole piece gap and the few-Tesla-scale magnetic lens field the sample resides in. A recent survey of the DOE in the future needs of microscopy research resulted in a significant change of direction; besides multi-dimensional and ultrafast microscopy the "lab in the gap" approach has been identified as the most promising development in future electron microscopy [2]. To this end, the key development is increasing the space around the sample for multimodal in-situ experiments.


ABSTRACT The paper argues that there is a reductive logic inherent in conceptualisations of academic ability in some Western education research as currently configured. Effective interrogation of this concept necessitates consideration across relevant fields of research, as outlined in three areas of critique: that research on educational stratification can adopt a contradictory stance with respect to conceptualising academic ability and defer to innate cognitive ability in pupil test data while denouncing this elsewhere; that cultural reproduction theory is itself a powerful social construction with ramifications for the possibility of equal learning opportunities for all; and that a narrow focus on educational stratification reifies instrumental outcomes, devaluing some of the broader purposes of education. It is argued that these reductive tendencies have ramifications for education policy and school-based practices. A lack of focus on, and clarity about, the concept of academic ability warrants more holistic conceptualising, which draws on methodological pluralism.


Invariant Commutative Watermarking-Encryption means to use a cipher that does not have any impact on a certain feature space, which can thus be used for embedding watermarks either before or after encryption. For example, histogram-based watermarking schemes are invariant to pixel permutations and can be combined with permutation-based ciphers to form a Commutative Watermarking-Encryption (CWE) scheme. However, typical histogram-based watermarking schemes based on comparison of histogram bins are prone to de-synchronization attacks, where the whole histogram is shifted by a certain amount. In this paper the authors investigate the possibility to avoid this kind of attacks by synchronizing the embedding and detection processes, using the mean of the histogram as a calibration point. The resulting watermarking scheme is resistant to three common types of shifts of the histogram, while the advantages of previous histogram-based schemes, especially commutativity of watermarking and permutation-based encryption, are preserved. The authors also report on the results of testing robustness of the scheme against JPEG and JPEG2000 compression.


These studies were initiated in the attempt to utilize the effects of iodides and salicylates on the excretion of nitrogen and sulphur 1 in the study of Bright's disease. It has been shown previously that iodides and salicylates mobilize different types of nitrogen and that the effect of iodide is produced by the mediation of the thyroid gland. 2 When an attempt was made to conduct similar studies on patients with renal disease, it was observed that patients with the nephrosis syndrome showed a relationship between the amount of nitrogen and the amount of sulphur excreted in the urine similar to that exhibited by persons as an effect of the administration of iodides, whereas patients with other types of renal disease showed a totally opposed relationship between these two urinary constituents. Further studies indicated that the reaction to iodides and salicylates in patients with Bright's disease 3 was different from


Liquid–liquid equilibrium data of three systems containing surfactant polyoxyethylene cetyl ether (with abbreviation name Brij 58) and three salts, (NH4)2HPO4, NH4H2PO4, and KH2PO4, were measured at 298.15 K. Then the binodal curves were described using two three-parameter equations and the tie lines were described using four two-parameter equations. The best equations to correlate the binodal curves and the tie lines for these systems have been reported. Additionally, the effects of the salt type on the phase diagrams have been discussed.


The latest world economic crisis impacted all economic sectors across the globe. One of the sectors highly influenced by it was the logistics sector. The aim of the current paper is to review in analytical perspective certain key effects of the crisis on the logistics sector in Turkey in the limelight of world data. In the focus of the analysis is the nine years period - from 2005 to 2013, as it shows what the trends were prior to the crisis, how they evolved during the crisis and then how they started changing immediately when the recovery started. This research is a part of a larger scientific project aiming at providing a broad perspective on the place of the Turkish logistics sector in world trade.


Applying multivariate time series techniques to annual data for the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries from 1971 to 2010, this paper examines the relationships between energy use, real gross domestic product (RGDP), and CO2 emissions. Cointegration test results indicate that long-run relationships among these variables exist only for India and China. Granger non-causality tests provide evidence of bidirectional causality between energy use and CO2 emissions only for Russia and India. Furthermore, energy use Granger-causes RGDP in these two countries. The impulse response analysis based on vector autoregression (VAR) models suggests that there is substantial heterogeneity in the relationships between the variables of interest across BRICS countries. Thus, there does not seem to exist any uniform policy to manage energy use, economic growth, and environment in these emerging market economies.


Triz theory is introduced and stereo matching based on Triz is proposed,which is used in solving the contradiction between matching precision and matching time in stereo matching based on dynamic programming technology.Triz advice is obtained by orientating contradiction on 39-contradiction matrix and solving matrix.Based on the Triz advice,ground control point is acquired by low resolution image which is obtained by pyramid algorithm.Optimization is carried out along two directions on disparity space image.Experimental results show that matching precision is high and matching speed is fast according to the improvement.


Abstract We describe a modeling project designed for an ordinary differential equations (ODEs) course using first-order and systems of first-order differential equations to model the fermentation process in beer. The project aims to expose the students to the modeling process by creating and solving a mathematical model and effectively communicating their findings in a technical report. The students are required to produce a simple first-order differential equation and find the solution, given varying initial conditions. The students are also required to analyze a more complex, nonlinear ODE system model of the fermentation process. In dealing with the nonlinear system of equations, we provide the students a Mathematica file to reduce the time spent developing the model, but allow for more time to interpret the model. We also share some perspectives on the implementation of the project, provide alternative implementations, and possible extensions to the project.


The qualitative picture of multiscale and self-similar distribution of electric parameters of natural objects is considered. As an example cards of effective resistance of the south of Siberia and the Far East on various frequencies are shown. It is offered fractals to make the description of environments equivalent electric schemes. Feature of such schemes is their hierarchical structure which leads to that entrance complex resistance is expressed in the form of infinite chain fraction. The developed qualitative picture is considered on examples of distribution of terrestrial waves along a non-uniform radioline and easing by fragments of vegetation.


For evaluation of shell and tube Heat exchanger, thermal performance and pressure drop are dependent on the path of fluid flow and different orientations respectively. Increasing the complexity of fluid flow enhances heat transfer. This paper presents a review on the FEA simulations carried out on shell and tube type Heat exchanger with creating the extended surfaces on the tube wall. From the literature we found that heat transfer enhancement, is done by introduction of extended surfaces in tube side.


Software engineering is a continuously evolving sector and the demands of the related labor market result in a wide variety of job openings, ranging from developers to customer service positions. Thus, there is a need to continuously monitor labor market trends using data and analytics. Both employers and employees can benefit by capturing emerging trends which can facilitate continuous learning and training in new technologies, support of better matching between a job offer and the ideal candidate and expertise detection. To fulfill these needs, the results of labor market analytics need to reach the stakeholders timely and accurately. However, often delays occur, which stem from time-consuming approaches based on collecting data from traditional sources, such as questionnaires or interviews. Recently, researchers started leveraging content from digital sources, which are easily accessed and contain a wealth of information. This paper presents the results of a Systematic Mapping Study on digital sources that can be used to address the data analytics needs of the labor market. It provides a multifaceted categorization of the issues involved in the analysis of digital sources of the software engineering labor market. It aims to identify digital labor market sources for data retrieval which are appropriate for employers and employees analytics. Additionally, it aims to connect different skill types, needs and goals of labor market with the utilization of digital sources and data analysis methods. In total 86 primary studies were selected and each one was evaluated and classified aiming to identify the: (a) digital sources that are used for labor market analytics; (b) type of skills they examine; (c) methods which are used to utilize the raw digital content; (d) goals for which every primary study is conducted; (e) beneficiaries (stakeholder) of the results; and (f) time trends for all the above.


For calculating the permeability of oil and water,Sama and Bentsen's regression equation,which is used to fit the experimental data of constant velocity displacement is transformed into a new function,and the new function is used for fitting the experimental data of constant pressure displacement.The results of examples in the paper indicate that the new regression function can not only improve the accuracy of fitting results but also conforms to the law of physical experiments,so the calculated relative permeability of oil and water is accurate.\;


Designing a semiconductor CdS-based photocatalyst for H2 evolution from water with high activity and stability is extremely desirable for practical application. We report the important morphological and structural influence of MoS2 cocatalyst on the photocorrosion and photoactivity of CdS that is carpeted on a graphene (GR) surface. Homogeneous dispersion of MoS2 nanoparticles by a controlled photodeposition (PD) method produces the GR–CdS–MoS2 (PD) composite, which does not have the characteristic stacked layer structure of MoS2. However, this GR–CdS–MoS2 (PD) composite exhibits much higher activity and particularly antiphotocorrosion than the hydrothermal synthesized GR–CdS–MoS2 (HT) counterparts, which feature the characteristic MoS2 layer structure, toward photocatalytic water splitting under visible light irradiation. The characterization results indicate that homogeneous dispersion of tiny MoS2 for GR–CdS–MoS2 (PD) markedly improves the separation and transfer of charge carriers and provides the inc...


Research has been undertaken to develop new yttria slurry systems for use in mould face coats for investment casting TiAl alloy, solving the pre-gelation problems of commercial yttria slurry systems to increase slurry life. Meanwhile, the new face coats should also have excellent sintering properties, chemical inertness, surface finish and be easy to prepare.

The processes of developing the new slurry started with the filler powder investigation by adding different sintering additives into the yttria powder to achieve good sintering properties. Then the best filler powder candidates were selected to make the slurry. Finally, the new face coat slurries were used to make the shell face coat and the chemical inertness of those shells were investigated through the sessile drop and investment casting. In the research, the filler powder and face coat sintering properties were quantified through density, dilatometer testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microstructural change at different testing temperatures. The interaction of different face coat systems and the metal were identified using hardness tests, sessile drop contact angle and the microstructural change at the metal/shell interface.

In this research, three water-based binder face coat systems containing YF\(_3\), Y\(_2\)O\(_3\)+0.5wt% Al\(_2\)O\(_3\)+ 0.5 wt% ZrO\(_2\) (YAZ), and B\(_2\)O\(_3\) additives were found to have similar or even better sintering properties compared to a commercial face coat. Meanwhile, they had long life.


Among all transition metals magnetic alloys, Co35Fe65 possesses the highest saturation magnetization BS = 2.45 T at room temperature given by the so-called "Slater-Pauling limit". For controlled electrodeposition of Co35Fe65 nanowire arrays the following parameters were found to be optimal: electrolyte solution with 1–2 mM malonic acid (MA), ionic ratio Fe+2/Co+2 = 2.0, growth rate, and pulsed potential deposition with time-on (2.5 s) at the potential of −1.15 V/SCE and time-off (1.0 s) at −0.70 V/SCE. These arrays were deposited inside anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates that contained columnar nanopores with diameters either 35 or 200 nm. Cyclic voltammetry was used in solution with and without MA and reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the critical role of MA in electrodeposition of CoFe alloys. In addition to uniform deposition of stechiometric Co35Fe65 alloys, a selectivity ratio, (SR) ∼1.0, were achieved, which means that the atomic ratio of Fe/Co in the nanowire matched the molar ratio of Fe+2/Co+2 in the electrolyte. The magnetic behavior of the subsequent 2.45 T Co35Fe65 nanowire arrays showed that the shape and magnetostatic anisotropies dominated the effective anisotropy, and the impact of magnetocrystalline and magnetelastic anisotropies field was very small. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0441702jes] All rights reserved.


Complete fusion (CF) and incomplete fusion (ICF) reactions were studied with the beams of loosely bound 6He and 6Li bombarding 166Er and 165Ho targets. Experiments were carried out to test an approach exploiting the measured intensities of y rays emitted at the transitions between the yrast-band levels of reaction products formed after the termination of neutron evaporation. Partial waves feeding the CF [ 165Ho(6Li,5n)166Yb, 166Er( 6He,6n)166Yb] and ICF [165Ho( 6Li,α3n)164Er, and 166Er( 6He,α4n)164Er] reaction channels were revealed from the obtained γ-ray data. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.


Objective To explore a method for early function training after the operation of reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) by bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft under arthroscopy, and to reduce the complications and the adverse reactions such as function obstacle. Methods 8 patients with ACL injury were conducted the operation of reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament by patellar tendon-bone allograft. After the operation, the rehabilitation nursing of the patients was completed through using external fixation of adjustable brace, continuous passive movement (CPM), and passive and active function exercises. Results 8 patients were followed up 27 to 77 months after the operation, with an average time of 41 months. According to function assessment of reconstruction of ACL by Lukianov, the patients were evaluated and 8 cases were classified as excellent. The following-up results showed that the Lanchman test was positive in 7 cases preoperatively and all cases were negative postoperatively. In addition, the anterior drawer test was positive in 6 cases preoperatively and all cases were negative postoperatively. Instability existed in 6 cases preoperatively were disappeared after the operation. The activity degree of knee joint in 8 cases could reach 0~90 degree after the function exercise. Conclusions The early rehabilitation exercise after the reconstruction operation is helpful to the recovery of function of knee joint obviously.


ABSTRACT University student newspapers have a long history across Australian university campuses of engaging with contemporary social and political issues, often reflecting a sentiment not represented in mainstream media publications. Student newspapers have a demonstrated engagement with radical thinking, dissent and political activism and are an important published record of historical discourses, contributing to a critically informed understanding of the society that produced them. This paper reports on a pilot survey of Australian university holdings of their student newspapers. Findings inform current and future student newspaper collection practices by university libraries and archives, including building ongoing relationships with editorial teams, and recommended improvements for access to this primary source material for future researchers.


In this letter, it is shown that fast and exact fractional Brownian motion (fBm) and fractional Gaussian noise (fGn) signals can be synthesized by the circulant embedding method (CEM). CEM consists in embedding the N/spl times/N covariance matrix of the stationary fGn process in a larger 2M/spl times/2M circulant matrix such that M /spl ges/N-1. CEM is exact, since second-order statistics of the generated data are those of the Gaussian fGn. CEM is fast, since the optimal case M=N-1 can be reached. Fast and exact fBm sequences can be easily recovered from fGn ones.


This report examines the concept of environmental externality. It discusses various factors -- the atmospheric transformations, relationship of point-source emissions to ambient air quality, dose-response relationships, applicable cause-and-effect principles, and risk and valuation research -- that are considered by a number of state utilities when they apply the environmental externality concept to energy resource planning. It describes a methodology developed by Argonne National Laboratory for general use in resource planning, in combination with traditional methods that consider the cost of electricity production. Finally, it shows how the methodology can be applied in Indonesia, Thailand, and Taiwan to potential coal-fired power plant projects that will make use of clean coal technologies.


Background: The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide. Indonesia has also experienced a similar rising trend in obesity, especially in adolescents. The current phenomena is shifting mode of transportation from active to passive.Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the correlation between transportation mode and obesity in high school adolescents in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was created and a total of 238 adolescent girls in class XI from all high schools/equivalents in Bantul, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia  was recruited. Data were collected in February-May 2017. Data characteristics, duration and mode of transportation were collected using a structured questionnaire. In addition, body mass index measured to determine obesity. A logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0.Results: Subjects who used passive transportation mode had a risk of having obesity (OR 5.63, 95% CI: 1.71-8.52). Furthermore, passive transport duration >15 minutes increased the risk of obesity (OR 2.51, 95% CI: 1.07-5.99), while active transport >15 minutes was a protective factor (OR: 0.21 95% CI: 0.19-0.89).Conclusions: There were correlation between the type and duration of the transportation mode used with obesity in adolescent girls.


The bulk trap density of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum was evaluated by the differential method, and was found to be approximately 1016 cm−3 at the Fermi level of 0.45–0.60 eV below the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). This value increased with an increase in the Fermi energy. The activation energy of the current density changed with the applied voltage, i.e., traps of various energy levels contribute to conduction. The existence of a shallow trap at the Fermi level of 0.55 eV below the LUMO was confirmed.


This thesis sheds new light on the art historical significance of Korean impressionism paintings in 1930s. At that time, it was assumed that impressionism in Korea was the proper way to depict Korean nature and that these paintings were embodiments of nationalist consciousness. This study, however, tries to focus on the modernity of Korean impressionism paintings, which had been covered by the nationalist ideology in the 1930s. Considering the characteristics of the modern city where visual power was dominant, It's quite a surprise, but the modern city in Korea art history in a while has been overlooked in some aspects. It was because the Western painting in Korea were in full bloom at the duplicity of the modernization and the colonial contradiction. Modern changes in the Korean art world proceeded under the rule of imperialism. In particular, the influx of Western painting through Japan meant that there was no way but Impressionism. This background was the factor that continued impressionism which became the starting point of Korean Western painting in relation with nationalism. Impressionist works of the Japanese colonial period, for example, were mainly dealt with in terms of associating with nationalism. Especially, since the main genre of Impressionism was landscape painting, it has emphasized the local color of works depicting Korean nature and indigenous scenes. The task of internalizing Western paintings through Japan was developed within the goal of national art called 'Korean Impressionism'. The pursuit of Korean identity has led to a tendency to ignore the urban identity with the focus of Korean Impressionist paintings' orientation. However, Impressionism painting was a new art that was rooted in the soil of a big city, and Impressionism was developed in the background of the city phenomenon in Korea. From the post-nationalistic point of view, our painters responded to urban change with "an extremely nervous nerve." Through the works of Lee In-sung, Kim Yong-jo, Oh Chi-ho and Kim Chu-Kyeung that explored impressionism in the painters of the 1930s, we can examine the aspects of modern Impressionism painting. They were outstanding in the Chosun Art Exhibition in the 1930s and observed and portrayed the transition process of modern history in their own tastes. They responded sensitively to the urban landscape in the process of modernization. The various aspects of modernity that they depicted, such as space and leisure culture, are the representations of urban life. Although the image of the city is scattered in the Korean Impressionist painting, it is hard to deny that the urbanity expressed in the work has been ignored in the process of describing modern art. Especially, modernity representation in the colonial situation was criticized from the viewpoint of nationalism. It will be discussed through the works that the local color was aimed at one way denying the urbanity of the Japanese colonial period. Despite the critical view of the city, urbanization in Korea of the time was a real reality and the city streets were a source of material and senses for colonial painters as well. Looking at the values experienced in the process of modernization in Korean Impressionist painting, it is possible to face up to everyday-ness first. As it was expressed in various works, the driving force of modernization became an important factor in forming the subjectivity of contemporary people. At this point, the individual subject can be found as the second meaning of the Korean Impressionism. In the impressionist paintings that cast away the nationalistic viewpoint, we can find a modernity captured by an impressionist view which has been concealed by historical consciousness and its meaning has been reduced. In Korean impressionist paintings, we can see the experiences of modernity that painters had experienced in person. In addition, we can confirm that our writers expressed the colonial people's powerlessness of alienation metaphorically with the image of pure painting. It would also be meaningful to read the modern perspective that reveals the characteristics of Impressionist paintings from the viewpoint of post-nationalism.


Based on analyzing the structure characteristics of a multivariable grey model, a novel design method of grey prediction PID control is proposed according to the control requirements of a discrete system. Combining the grey system theory with digital PID control, a grey model GM (0, N) of the discrete system is constructed and in the initial stage the control effect is directly determined by a digital PID controller. Meanwhile, the parameters of the GM (0, N) model are estimated via generating operation. Then the compensation controller is employed to eliminate the influence of uncertain parts on system performance by utilizing the prediction control variable due to parameter estimation. Finally, a simulation experiment for the control system is taken on Matlab. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and the practicability of this control method for a discrete system.


Study design, materials and methods This was a prospective case-control study. Thirty two patients with POP, all presenting uterine prolapse, and USI, including occult USI (group 1), were compared with thirty patients presenting USI only (group 2). All of the patients underwent preoperative assessments, including a detailed medical and surgical history-taking, and answered the Brazilian Portuguese validated version of King's Health Questionnaire for urinary incontinence (KHQ). (1) The pelvic examination included POP staging, using Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System (POPQ). Urinary analysis, urine culture, pad-test and urodynamic test with reposition of the prolapse were also carried out. The group 1 patients underwent vaginal hysterectomy, anterior colporrhaphy, TVT-O and posterior colporrhaphy. Additionally, McCall culdoplasty was done in one case and sacrospinous ligament suspension was done in three cases. The group 2 underwent TVT-O procedure only. Patients were evaluated at approximately 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. During the visit at 12 months after surgery, symptoms evaluation, KHQ application, POPQ staging, pad test and urodynamic examination were done. Subjective cure was defined as absence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) symptoms. Objective cure was defined as no SUI during urodynamic testing. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's chi-square test for categorical variables and Student's t tests for numeric variables. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.


We report contrasting pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) paths of migmatites developed in the highest‐grade metamorphic zone (Grt–Crd zone) and the contact metamorphic zone (Crd–Kfs zone) of the Mikawa area, Ryoke belt, southwest Japan to discuss the complex P–T–D–t evolution of the middle crust that experienced pulsed granitoid intrusions. In the Grt–Crd zone, sillimanite‐grade high‐T metamorphic condition prevailed from ca. 97 to 87 Ma, followed by cooling to ~500 °C, ~4 kbar. The intrusion of gneissose granitoids below the Grt–Crd zone isobarically reheated the Grt–Crd zone rocks again to the sillimanite‐grade high‐T condition at ca. 84 Ma. This was followed by ca. 71–70 Ma contact metamorphism. Ductile deformation that formed and folded the foliation of migmatites started before ca. 89 Ma and continued at least until ca. 84 Ma in the Grt–Crd zone. On the other hand, ca. 74 Ma age of the Crd–Kfs zone migmatite developed around the Inagawa Granodiorite in addition to ca. 70 Ma age of a syn‐tectonic pegmatite vein revealed that the intrusion of "75–69 Ma granitoids" caused partial melting and locally triggered low‐strain ductile deformation in their contact aureoles. Comparison with other areas of the Ryoke belt suggests that plutono‐metamorphic evolution of the Mikawa and Aoyama areas are similar with each other in that ca. 80 Ma reheating events (i.e., contact metamorphism) are observed, while absence of separate reheating event postdating peak metamorphism in the Yanai area is a rather uncommon feature in the Ryoke belt.


Traditional funding strategies of grants, congressional appropriations, and income from timber sales are insufficient to complete the level of forest restoration necessary throughout California. Stimulating investment into markets for low-value biomass—such as tops and branches of trees, small trees, and dead trees—will add value to forest raw materials and provide additional revenue streams to pay for forest restoration. We evaluate the investment potential of products made from low-value biomass using a discounted cash-flow analysis of several possible forest products including fuels and nonfuels under various climate policy and market scenarios. We demonstrate the carbon benefits provided by these products, attributed to their substitution for fossil-fuel feedstocks and long-term carbon storage. Our work finds that there is an opportunity to develop several highly profitable products, most notably fuels, many of which are eligible for energy and climate policy programs such as California's Low Carbon Fuel Standard and the federal Renewable Fuel Standard. Nonfuel products have an average internal rate of return (IRR) of 13 percent, whereas fuels have an average IRR of 19 percent in our baseline scenario. Although products ineligible for government incentives are generally less profitable, income from the voluntary carbon market greatly increases the IRR. Fostering investment into these products can encourage critically needed funding for forest management while developing a high-impact carbon removal solution enabled by state, federal, and voluntary climate initiatives. On this basis, we conclude that climate policy can support forest restoration in California.


This paper presents a model for a network of communicating processes. We extend well known ideas in sequential programming such as procedures, parameter passing and binding, and recursion to distributed programs. We stress the notion of implementation-hiding, i.e. the invoker of a process or procedure has no knowledge of the implementation of the invoked computation.


Genetics, environmental factors, and epigenetics all contribute to autoimmune disease onset and progression (Gulati and Brunner, 2018). Most of the earlier research on autoimmune diseases focused on genetics and environmental factors. Research into genetics, in attempting to identify specific risk alleles has had limited success, for example, identifying HLA-DRB1, a complex of genes coding for cell surface proteins, has emerged as a risk allele for autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (Niu et al., 2015). However, genetic findings have not been sufficient to explain the majority of RA and SLE cases, autoimmune diseases in general, or the typical delay in initial onset, occurring later in life (early to mid-adulthood), in most autoimmune diseases. Even with identification of a risk allele, it is not clear if it is a cause of the disease or just a subsidiary factor. Likewise, environmental factors (e.g., viruses, toxins, bacteria, etc.) also present confusion as to their role since a variety of environmental factors and combinations can be involved in triggering onset of an autoimmune disease (Arleevskaya et al., 2016; Arleevskaya et al., 2020). For example, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is suspected of a role in autoimmune diseases, especially multiple sclerosis (MS) (Bjornevik et al., 2022). However, almost all adults have had exposure to EBV but only a small percentage develop MS and onset can be many years after initial infection with EBV. It may be that another environmental factor and/or a genetic risk allele needs to be involved, such as an especially heavy cellular viral load of EBV that may occur by viral binding and entry using HLA-DR cell surface proteins as opposed to other HLA types (Agostini et al., 2018). Research into the involvement of epigenetics in autoimmune diseases has been steadily increasing in the past two decades. Epigenetics is the control of gene expression or suppression without changing the underlying DNA sequence of the gene (Renaudineau et al., 2011). Epigenetics can involve methylation of DNA, which typically suppresses the underlying gene, or demethylation of the DNA as a step towards expression (Fali et al., 2014). Coordinated with the DNA methylation state are OPEN ACCESS


Continuous increasing population and decreasing agricultural land has developed a pressure on the agricultural fields to increase the production. Pressure on the fields has been further increased by the plant viruses which cause loss of millions of dollars every year all over world. Development of virus resistant transgenic plants (VRTPs) is the hope for the agricultural benefits. However, in last few decades several questions have been raised concerning potential ecological impact on VRTPs production. Various studies have suggested the possible strategies to eliminate the potential risk to develop the VRTPs. Comparison of risks associated with the VRTPs and nontransgenic plants will lead to the overall analysis of advantages and disadvantages of VRTPs and nontransgenic plants. Risk assessment of VRTPs can provide a way to make the strategy to release the transgenic plants for commercial use.


Ventricular arrhythmias accompanied by vagal or sympathetic hyperactivity occur frequently in the acute stage of myocardial infarction. The experiments were designed to study the influence of vagal or sympathetic activity on the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias after coronary occlusion. A right vagus or a left sympathetic nerve was electrically stimulated in anesthetized dogs before and after coronary occlusion while the electrocardiogram was monitored continuously. Sympathetic stimulation was found to enhance the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias very slightly after coronary occlusion. Vagal stimulation, in 4 out of 7 dogs, consistently elicited runs of ventricular tachycardia, the rate of which was slower than the sinus rate. On the other hand, sporadic ventricular extrasystoles coupled to the sinus beat were prevented by the suppression of the sinus rate. Ventricular fibrillation was not produced by either sympathetic or vagal stimulation.


Professor Russell's essay1 sounds a much needed cautionary note about the public's characterization of Christopher Darden and Johnnie Cochran both during and after the spectacle of O.J. Simpson's criminal trial. Russell cogently argues that Darden and Cochran's choices, as well as those of other black lawyers confronting similar problems,2 must be evaluated against the backdrop of racism that devalues and constrains the lives of African Ameri-


We present jointly analyzed data from three deep Suzaku observations of NGC 1365. These high signal-to-noise spectra enable us to examine the nature of this variable, obscured AGN in unprecedented detail on timescales ranging from hours to years. We find that, in addition to the power-law continuum and absorption from ionized gas seen in most AGN, inner disk reflection and variable absorption from neutral gas within the Broad Emission Line Region are both necessary components in all three observations. We confirm the clumpy nature of the cold absorbing gas, though we note that occultations of the inner disk and corona are much more pronounced in the high-flux state (2008) than in the low-flux state (2010) of the source. The onset and duration of the "dips" in the X-ray light curve in 2010 are both significantly longer than in 2008, however, indicating that either the distance to the gas from the black hole is larger, or that the nature of the gas has changed between epochs. We also note significant variations in the power-law flux over timescales similar to the cold absorber, both within and between the three observations. The warm absorber does not vary significantly within observations, but does show variations in column density of a factor of more than 10 on timescales less than 2 weeks that seem unrelated to the changes in the continuum, reflection or cold absorber. By assuming a uniform iron abundance for the reflection and absorption, we have also established that an iron abundance of roughly 3.5 times the solar value is sufficient to model the broad-band spectrum without invoking an additional partial-covering absorber. Such a measurement is consistent with previous published constraints from the 2008 Suzaku observation alone, and with results from other Seyfert AGN in the literature.


Objective:To investigiate the level of blood rheology test indexes in blood of ischemia cerebral stroke patients and haemorrhagic cerebral stroke patients,then estimate the value of blood rheology test indexes in differential diagnosis different cerebral stroke.Methods:The six terms of indexes in blood rheology were detected by automatic rheometer LBY-N6C in blood samples of 260 patients with cerebral stroke and 200 healthy controls.Results:The value of blood rheology test indexes showed ischemia cerebral stroke population was the highest score,the lowest was in haemorrhagic cerebral stroke population.There was difference of statistics(P0.05).The healthy controls were between the two patients groups.Conclusions: Blood rheology test indexes are useful to differential diagnosis,curative observation and prognosis of ischemia cerebral stroke and haemorrhagic cerebral stroke.


Day reporting centers (DRCs) are becoming a popular alternative to incarceration for probationers and parolees but there is limited research and consensus on their effectiveness. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of a DRC in Nevada. Approximately 400 probationers and parolees were randomly assigned to either the DRC or a control group (i.e., traditional parole and probation). The two groups were compared on outcome measures such as recidivism, positive drug tests, education, employment, and residence over a 1-year period. In this Research in Brief, we provide a background on DRCs, review prior research evaluating the effectiveness of DRCs, and report the results of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted to assess the effectiveness of a DRC located in Southern Nevada.*


Objective To compared pharmacokinetics of domestic Sufentanil in patients undergoing intracardiac trian for congenital heart disease(CHD) and abdominal surgery.Methods Sixteen ASA Ⅱor Ⅲ patients undergoing open heart surgery and abdominal surgery were divided into intracardiac trian for CHD group and abdominal surgery group,8 cases in each group.Intravenous and intra-arterial cannulae were placed.According to the type of surgery,after general anesthesia Sufentanil 5μg/kg or 2μg/kg was administered as a rapid bolus intravenously.Blood samples were obtained at 1,3,5,10,20,30,60,120,180,240min and 360 min after Sufentanil injection.1mL plasma was immediately separated from blood samples and stored at-80 ℃.Plasma Sufentanil concentration were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3P97 pharmacology program.Results A tri-exponential equation optimally described the Sufentanil dose decay curve in patients undergoing intracardiac trian for CHD and abdominal surgery.Blood concentrations at different time points in patients with CHD were higher than the abdominal surgery patients(P0.01).There were significant difference in P,A,B,t1/2α,k21,k13,Vc,Vd,CL and AUC between two groups(P0.05~0.01).P,A and B in intracardiac trian for CHD group were 4.5,4.5 and 3.0 times greater than those in abdominal surgery(P0.01).Vc,Vd and AUC were1.6,1.7and3.9times respectively,but CL was relatively low.Conclusion pharmacokinetics in patients with CHD and abdominal surgery are available for three compartments,extracorporeal circulation hemodilution and intra-abdomonal pressure increasing and intracardiac shunt could affect the pharmacokinetics of Sufentanil.


Power system automation is an effective tool from both economical and technical aspects to improve the optimal operation of power generators. In this regard, Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) incorporating Dynamic Thermal Line Rating (DTLR) of overhead transmission lines can boost the system security effectively. Using Transmission Switching (TS) tool in SCUC problems leads to cost reduction. Still, one of the main challenges arisen in TS problems is the excessive number of switching in lines, which decreases the lifespan of power switches. In this paper, an Improved Linear AC Optimal Power Flow (ILACOPF) is proposed by using TS and considering Heat Balance Equation (HBE) as a security constraint. Merging dynamic thermal line rating (considering the weather conditions) in SCUC with TS, besides decreasing the number of switching and increasing the lifespan of power switches, causes a remarkable reduction in operating costs. In this power flow, system losses are modeled by linear formulations. Moreover, a linear approximation of the heat losses due to power flow through lines is proposed. To solve the proposed model, Benders' decomposition approach is applied. The performance of the proposed framework has been evaluated on 6-bus and 118-bus IEEE test systems.


Climate change is a global phenomenon. Nevertheless, it cannot be treated on the global level only but has to be tackled by each and every nation state. The Office of Climate Change, created two years ago by the UK government, can be considered as a pioneer in the field. It sets a perfect example for how domestic policy-formulation can adjust to new global challenges.


This report investigates computation of optimal approximations in the Sard corner spaces $B_{\lceil {1,1} \rceil } $ and $B_{\lceil {2,2} \rceil } $. Use of the representers of point evaluation functionals is shown to be possible for up to 100 points or so in $B_{\lceil {1,1} \rceil } $. Two schemes for introducing basis functions which are zero in certain regions, including one set which have compact support, are investigated. Again, these are primarily useful for $B_{\lceil {1,1} \rceil } $ In the space $B_{\lceil {2,2} \rceil } $, which contains only continuously differentiable functions, use of the representers is possible only for small data sets unless one can use a great deal of precision in solving the system of linear equations which arises. The generation of basis functions with compact support is also possible in $B_{\lceil {2,2} \rceil } $ . The general conclusion is that local schemes must be employed, particularly for smooth approximations.


Embodiments described herein generally relate to improved methods and solutions for cleaning a substrate prior to epitaxial growth of Group III-V channel materials. A first processing gas, which includes a noble gas and a hydrogen source, is used to remove the native oxide layer from the substrate surface. A second processing gas, Ar/Cl2/H2, is then used to create a reactive surface layer on the substrate surface. Finally, a hydrogen bake with a third processing gas, which includes a hydrogen source and an arsine source, is used to remove the reactive layer from the substrate surface.


Abstract Theatre as living art, the central purpose of which is life, existence, that is, that can perceive matter as a set of images, a meeting point of the spirit with matter, enters the realm of memory, when it requires precise indications necessary for the scenic representation. Memory is a living organism, it is the warm fire of preparing theatre. We perceive Hamlet acting on stage because we remember that perception. Hamlet – the one that we will see in a few years, in a completely different time, in another geography, will be perceived, criticized, understood, by evoking the memories that have survived or have been adapted, transformed, reinterpreted. The memory facilitates the meeting between the actor and the character, the memory facilitates the meeting between the director and the text, between the director and the concept, the memory brings the playwright face to face with his work. In the The Misunderstanding, Albert Camus imagines psychological dimensions where memory plays the role of central mechanism. We are face to face with the absurd man, who through the awareness of death and crime meets his truth, but at the same time we discover a dissociation of the characters that, despite their rigidity and coldness, maintain the appearance of a structural and functional fluidity. The dialogue has the resonance of a frequency that vibrates from the river of collective memory. The individual memory has split and is to be absorbed by another memory, one of the theatre, a universal memory, a memory of a theatre that was born from memory.


The Coalition of Cancer Cooperative Groups has membership from 10 National Cancer Institute (NCI)–sponsored Cooperative Groups, from the country's leading patient advocacy organizations, and from thousands of oncology and cancer research specialists. The Coalition also works with its partners in the health care industry to streamline and promote cancer clinical trials in both the public and private sectors.


The ability of various iron(II)-complexes of biological, clinical and chemical interest to reduce molecular oxygen to reactive oxy-radicals has been investigated using complementary oxygen-uptake studies and e.s.r. techniques. It is demonstrated that although the rate of oxygen reduction by a given iron complex is directly related to its redox potential [thus complexes with low values of E0 for the Fe(III)/Fe(II) couple are the most effective reductants of oxygen], the overall ability of an iron(II) complex to induce oxidative biomolecular damage is also determined by its ability to undergo redox-cycling reactions with reducing radicals formed following the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with organic substrates present in the system (e.g. metal-ion chelators and organic buffers). Evidence is presented to suggest that the "Good" buffer MOPS forms a reducing radical following attack by .OH, and hence encourages the autoxidation of iron with the generation of oxy-radicals (as also observed for some of the chelates studied); this may have important implications for the use of such buffers in free-radical studies.


Last spring, the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced a new policy calling for the use of both male and female materials—animals, tissues, cells, and cell lines—in preclinical research (1). Canada and the European Union have recently instituted similar policies. Advocates argue that requiring analysis of sex in preclinical research will advance scientific understanding of sex differences in human health outcomes, such as higher rates of adverse drug events (ADE) in women compared with men (2). We disagree.