ipole polarization relaxation and X-ray diffraction analysis of the structure of thermotropic linear polyesters [OPhCOOPhPhOCOPhOCO(CH 2 ) m CO] n (n= 6,7,8) were examined. Several regions were identified in which dielectric absorption was observed, including some related to mesomorphic transitions. Types of mesophases and the temperature ranges for their existence were determined. At low temperatures, the length of the spacer was shown to have little effect on local mobility within the repeating unit. However certain differences were noted between the relaxation parameters of peripheral and central fragments of mesogenic fragments incorporating the ester group


In this paper, the analytical channel capacity of the decode-and-forward (DF) based dual-hop free space optical (FSO) system is studied. The FSO links are assumed to be asymmetric in nature and the turbulence is considered to follow the Gamma-Gamma distribution. For the considered DF FSO cooperative system, power series based mathematical expressions of the average channel capacity are derived, under the influence of atmospheric turbulence with negligible and significant pointing errors in the FSO links. Simulation results validate the proposed capacity analysis. The effect of channel conditions and pointing errors, on the capacity of DF FSO communication system, is analyzed by using the derived expressions. It is observed that the average capacity of the system, with significant pointing errors, is severely degraded as compared to the average capacity with only atmospheric turbulence; because the pointing errors contribute with the turbulence, in a multiplicative manner.


The Dutch particle toch and modal adverb eigenlijk both belong to the broad domain of 'contrast': their prototypical functions have been described as 'concession' and 'counterexpectation', respectively, and both have been attributed emphatic discourse uses (e.g. toch as a common ground reminder and eigenlijk as a reinforcement marker). This study analyses the multifunctional scope of toch and eigenlijk in Dutch and maps their translation equivalents in English through an in-depth analysis of the Dutch-English component of the Europarl corpus. For eigenlijk the most common correspondents (in fact, really, actually) belong to the core of the semantic domain of (counter)expectation, whereas none of the English correspondents of toch is able to capture the marker's duality as both a concessive and a common ground marker. The high degree of zero correspondences in English source texts suggests the translators' strong awareness of the markers' pragmalinguistic contribution.


Objective To study the immunophenotyping of AML-M4Eo using flow cytometry,and detect CBFβ-MYH11 fusion gene with RT-PCR assay.Methods Peripheral blood of five patients of AML-M4Eo were collected to study the immunophynotyping using CD45/SSC gating in flow cytometry,and CBFβ-MYH11 fusion gene was detected by RT-PCR.Results Immunophenotyping showed that both CD33 and CD13,the myeloid-associated antigen,were positive,and the lymphoid-associated antigen,CD5,CD7,CD10 and CD19,were all negative.Furthermore,CD14,the specific antigen of monocyte,was negative in 3 patients.RT-PCR products were subjected to electrophoresis in agarose gel,and the DNA band of 260 bp in amplified products corresponding to CBFβ-MYH11 fusion gene was observed in all the five patients.Conclusion Immunophenotyping and the detection of fusion gene are helpful to realize the heterogeneity and molecular properties of M4Eo.


The success of any agricultural engineering design effort is determined largely by the availability of data on the engineering properties that are useful in machine design for planting, harvesting, handling to packaging. In this study, some mechanical properties of Moringa seeds were carried out. Angle of repose and coefficient of friction were determined on five different surfaces namely: glass, aluminium, wood, plastic and galvanized steel. Compression strength test was carried out using a universal testing machine. At a moisture content of 8.33% wet basis, the surface with the highest angle of repose and coefficient of friction is galvanised steel with average values of 18.84 and 0.3412 respectively, while glass surface has the lowest, with average values of 15.06 and 0.2691 respectively.The average force at break and force at yield are 63.19N and 32.06N respectively.These properties are necessary for the design of equipment for harvesting, processing, transporting, separating, packing and storage processes.


Let $\lambda_{1}(G)$ and $\mu_{1}(G)$ denote the spectral radius and the Laplacian spectral radius of a graph $G$, respectively. Li in [Electronic J. Linear Algebra 34 (2018) 389-392] proved sharp upper bounds of $\lambda_{1}(G)$ based on the connectivity to assure a connected graph to be Hamiltonian and traceable, respectively. In this paper, we present best possible upper bounds of $\lambda_{1}(G)$ for $k$-connected graphs to be Hamiltonian-connected and homogeneously traceable, respectively. Furthermore, best possible upper bounds of $\mu_{1}(G)$ to predict $k$-connected graphs to be Hamiltonian-connected, Hamiltonian and traceable are originally proved, respectively.


Looking at the increasing prevalence and inadequate treatments for diabetes mellitus, this study was carried to trace out hypoglycemic potentials of Typha elephantina leaves using in vitro and in vivo studies. α -amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro enzyme inhibition assay were incorporated to determine percent inhibition of Typha elephantina extracts. Typha elephantina methanol extract (TEME) at 125µg/ml in both α-amylase and α-glucosidase exhibited 57.48±1.42 and 53.64±0.92 percent inhibition in contrast to 66.7±0.94 and 70.31±1.25 of standard Acarbose, respectively. However, results obtained in Typha elephantina petroleum ether and chloroform extracts were insignificant. Further TEME antidiabetic properties were investigated by in vivo study, using Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Selected 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg doses of TEME were administered orally, which significantly (𝑃 < 0.001) reduces blood glucose of treated animals in contrast to diabetic control. 500mg/kg dose of TEME reduces blood glucose more efficiently. A significant linear rise of body weight and HDL were observed, while there was also remarkable reduction in cholesterol, TG, LDL, VLDL. Reduction in Liver function SGOT, SGPT along with creatinine and urea levels were observed in contrast to diabetic control group. In addition, antioxidant study of Typha elephantina extracts reflected significant results in comparison to that of ascorbic acid in DPPH and H2O2 assay. The whole study signified that Typha elephantina has hypoglycemic potentials.


Objective. To determine the influence of the waiting time i.e. the interval between the end of induction chemotherapy and the start of radiotherapy, on the rate of tumour growth in patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. Design. Retrospective. Method. Interval times were determined for 23 patients referred for radiotherapy in I999-2000. Increase in gross tumour volume was measured for I8 patients by measuring the dimensions of the primary tumour and lymph node metastases on the diagnostic CT scans after induction chemotherapy and on the CT scans used for radiotherapy planning. The tumour volume doubling time was calculated for each patient. Results. The mean time interval between end of chemotherapy and first day of radiotherapy was 80.3 (range: 29-I4I) days. During this interval 9/22 patients (4I%) showed progression to stage IIIB which made them no longer eligible for radical radiotherapy; they were treated with a short scheme. The tumour doubling times ranged from 8.3 to I7I days with a mean value of 46 days. This was far shorter than the mean doubling time in untreated patients, which literature indicates to be 93 to 452 days. Conclusion. The time interval between end of induction chemotherapy and start of radiotherapy can be as long as 4.5 months. During the waiting time, rapid tumour progression occurred. As a consequence, the profit gained by induction chemotherapy with regard to volume reduction was lost in the waiting time. Shortening of the time interval between chemo- and radiotherapy is of great importance.


The oil base gelling fracturing fluids used in this study are composed of a dialkylphosphate(PE9702) as gelling agent, NaAlO 2 as crosslinker and CH 3COONa as gel breaker in kerosene as well as in crude oils of different sources. The experimental results obtained show that gelled fluids with good performance properties(apparent viscosity and shear and heat resistance) are formed:①in compatible crude oils;②with higher phosphate concentration;③at optimum phosphate/Al 3+ ratio(thus at optimum pH value);④ when the pregelated fluid has proper viscosity(after the first doze crosslinker of two introduced); ⑤with admixtured water in the oil6% and the gelation temperature is of little importance.


Over the past several decades, advances in the application of polymers brought new polymeric water-resistive barriers with a wide range of vapor permeability to market, commonly referred to as "breathable" housewraps. However, at this time there is virtually no guidance available regarding the selection of the optimum vapor permeability of such membranes under specific conditions. This paper evaluates the impact of various water-resistive barriers with a large range of vapor permeability on the hygrothermal performance of different wall assemblies. The information enables designers to select products with the most suitable vapor permeability for particular geographical locations and construction conditions. Variations in boundary conditions included climatic conditions (seven climatic locations), cladding type (three-coat stucco, manufactured stone, cement board, brick), and type ofWRB (low versus high vapor permeability) deployed. The results for the performance of the wall systems are presented in form of a mold index.


The influence of temporal and fixed pattern noise in staring and scanning IR systems on the perception of MRTD test patterns is investigated. The objective of the study was to validate the U.S. FLIR92 model. Digital simulation techniques were used to provide the imagery required for the perception trials. The experimental results are compared to FLIR92 model predictions. It was found that the perception of MRTD test patterns in fixed pattern noise is a random process, with the result depending on the location of the test pattern. Predictions can be made for the average (50% probability) perception capability only. With this restriction, and using a variable threshold signal-to-noise ratio, the FLIR92 predictions were validated for staring systems and fixed pattern noise. Large discrepancies were found for fixed pattern noise in scanning systems. The threshold signal-to-noise ratio function was extracted from measurements made with temporal noise.


In order to improve micro-emulsion stirred tank temperature control accuracy of a fine chemical plant under different conditions,overcome the non-linear characteristics of reaction process and to meet the different needs of a variety of products,a fuzzy logic-based cascade PID controller was developed.A fuzzy regulator was added in typical original PID cascade controller.According to the difference between stirred tank temperature and set value,the temperature difference between jacket and stirred tank and the expertise to adjust PID parameters.Experimental results show that the method is effective,can improve the accuracy of system control.


Objective: To get the information about freshmen's mental health and it relationship with sex, city and countryside difference, and to provide the reference for effective mental health education and consultation. Methods: The situation of 1351 freshmen's mental health was surveyed by using UPI. Results: ①11.91% of the freshmen had serious mental derangement, 26.15% of them had a little psychological problem. ②The distinct difference existed not only between male and female, but also between city and countryside. The mental health of male students surpassed the female students, the city students surpassed the countryside students. Conclusion: The situation of medical freshmen's mental health should not be neglected, and its influence factors are various. Mental health education and consultation should be pointed to the students.


Fifty DNA samples were recovered from infected wood tissue of 1 and 2-year-old grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars collected from several vineyards located in the Center of Tunisia. The strains were differentiated using a Multiplex PCR assay with combination of pehA, virF and virD2 gene-specific primers which amplified the corresponding fragments from nearly all strains and distinguished clearly between Agrobacterium vitis and A. tumefaciens strains carrying octopine or nopaline pTis and A. vitis vitopine strains. The isolates were segregated into three main groups, the first group carries octopine type Ti plasmids; the second vitopine type Ti plasmids and the third group both octopine and vitopine type Ti plasmids. The polygalacturonase gene sequence from 10 isolates showed 94-97% identity to the sequences of A. vitis previously deposited in NCBI GenBank database. Obtained nucleotide sequences were submitted to Genbank under accession numbers from JX946285 to JX946294.


While Doppler resilient complementary waveforms have previously been considered to suppress range sidelobes within a Doppler interval of interest in radar systems, their capability of Doppler resilience has not been fully utilized. In this paper, a new construction of Doppler resilient complementary waveforms based on a null space is proposed. With this new construction, one can flexibly include a specified Doppler interval of interest or even an overall Doppler interval into a term which results in range sidelobes. We can force this term to zero, which can be solved to obtain a null space. From the null space, the characteristic vector to control the transmission of basic Golay waveforms, and the coefficients of the receiver filter for Golay complementary waveform can be extracted. Besides, based on the derived null space, two challenging non-convex optimization problems are formulated and solved for maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Moreover, the coefficients of the receiver filter and the characteristic vector can be applied to fully polarimetric radar systems to achieve nearly perfect Doppler resilient performance, and hence fully suppress the inter-antenna interferences.


The destruction in 1943 of the Registers of the Angevin Archive of Naples is often considered as a spectacular case of the irremediable impoverishment of available sources for an important field of Medieval History. An ancient time of archival abundance is thus emblematically opposed to a new period of absence, with a concomitant dramatic change in the conditions of scholarly research. A detailed investigation into the "longue duree" history of these sources, however, allows us to adopt a more nuanced approach. Already during the Middle Ages and the early modern period, the Angevin Registers were subject to complex processes of destructuring and restructuring, which were then followed by a first wave of polycentric scientific exploitation, finally interrupted by the catastrophe of 1943. Attempts to reconstruct this textual heritage, from 1945 to the present day, with the help of a vast array of sources (early transcripts, other archives, etc.…), have been pursued by way of many different strategies. Consequently, this textual history is not merely the story of a violent collapse; it can also teach us a great deal about the paradoxical conditions that govern historical research.


Background: In this study the efficacy and safety of single step transepithelial PRK is evaluated on moderate and high myopia. The outcome of the procedure is compared like SER, residual astigmatism, HOAs and haze. Aim of Study: Trans PRK is a laser-assisted method for epithelial removal, was introduced as an alternative to conventional PRK which is based on mechanical debridement of the corneal epithelium. Patients and Methods: Patients were divided into two groups moderate and high myopia both groups where chosen based on inclusion criteria. Patients where operated using the same laser machine. The parameters and software were slan-dered for the two groups. The machine was programed for laser ablation of the corneal epithelium which was calculated as standard 50-60 micron followed by laser ablation of the stroma based on refractive errors and stromal thickness all were in single step. The postoperative regimen for the two groups was the same and the follow-up period start from day one tell the sixth month. Results: Forty eye in each group in high myopia group patients gain one line are 25% while in moderate myopia group patients gain one line are 42% and 12.5% for two lines. The UDVA by the sixth month was 15% 20/25,65% 20/20, and 20% 20/16 while in moderate myopia it was 2.5% 20/25, 50% 20/20,30% 20/16 and 17.5% 20/12.5. The residual errors for high myopia were 75%±0.50 and 100%±1.00 while in moderate myopia 82.5%±0.50 and 100%±1.00. the residual astigmatism was 35%±0.25 and 100%±0.50 in high myopia while it was 52.5%±0.25 and 100%±0.50 in moderate myopia. Conclusion: Transepithelial photorefractive keratotomy is a safe and effective procedure in treating moderate and high myopia considering the postoperative recovery period and haze.


SURFACE MORPHOLOGY AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF METHYLTERMINATED ALKANETHIOL SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS AND SOLID WATER FILMS Alina Lyagusha Advisor: University of Guelph, 2013 Professor P. A. Rowntree This thesis is an investigation of surface morphology and electronic structure of selfassembled monolayers (SAMs) and solid water films deposited on these SAMs using metastable impact electron spectroscopy (MIES) and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). MIES uses electronically excited slow helium atoms which interact exclusively with the outermost surface layer. The results suggested that in the SAMs containing an odd number of carbon atoms the molecular orbitals localized on the terminal methyl groups are more exposed at the surface compared to those with an even number of carbon atoms. It was also established that solid water films are more uniform on a SAM substrate containing an odd number of carbon atoms. Thermal transformation of amorphous solid water to polycrystalline ice was also observed. MIES suggested that the molecular orbital of water attributed to the lone pair on the oxygen atom became less accessible at the surface upon the transformation.


ABSTRACT
 Many Chinese international students had to or chose to leave their host universities, receiving online international higher education (HE) at 'homes' during the COVID-19. Inspired by the 'glonacal' mode of thought, this qualitative study interviewed 16 Chinese international students at 'homes' to explore the potential complexities of spatiality and temporality regarding their online international HE experiences during COVID-19. Physically separating from host universities, our participants lost the sense of belongingness to the campus and felt disconnected with their academic communities. Their stories revealed a different 'money' value between gaining and losing regarding online international HE experiences at 'homes', and the disadvantages they experienced at host countries/universities. Our participants experienced temporal flexibility, temporal conflicts and temporal asymmetry simultaneously. Such spatial and temporal complexities intertwined with each other, making international student experience (ISE) during the COVID-19 unique. This article contributes to understanding of ISE and internationalisation of HE for a post-pandemic era.


Abstract A recent exact synthesis procedure for feedback systems with highly uncertain nonlinear plants, is applied to a Van der pol plant with significant parameter uncertainty. This paper concentrates on the practical, detailed steps for implementing the design technique. Several designs are presented. One of them is a direct, fairly faithful execution of the rigorous design theory. The resulting design satisfies the performance tolerances bettor than required, suggesting a larger loop gain-bandwidth is being used than is inherently necessary. Several non-rigorous design modifications are performed, which decrease the loop gain-bandwidth requirements.


This paper gives a general view of examinations and measures taken at Berlin Zoo to enhance natural and artificial breeding efforts in different rhino species. Altogether 8 anaesthesias are described which were executed in a White-, an Indian, and 3 Black rhinoceroses. Semen was collected by means of electroejaculation from an aged Black and White rhinoceros. One female Black rhino was artificially inseminated. In a female Indian and Black rhinoceros pathological changes in the genital tract were observed by means of ultrasonographic examination and therapeutic measures taken.


This paper develops a physical model describing the Yin-Yang balance in the tai-chi diagram via the melting and freezing processes taking place in a rotating device.First,a physical model is established for a melting and freezing rotating device applied for transferring heat from a heat source to a heat sink.The device consists of two concentric cylinders with a phase change material being filled between them.During the melting process,heat is supplied from the heat source to the device,and the phase change material in the device melts.The melting process is equivalent to yang in the tai-chi diagram.During t6he freezing process,heat is discharged from the device to the heat sing,and the phase change material in the device freezes.The freezing process is equivalent to yin in the tai-chi diagram.The moving phase boundaries of the melting and freezing processes form two curves,representing the interface curves between the yin and yang in the tai-chi diagram.The variation of the thermal strength in the heat source and heat sing represents the variation of the yin-yang balance in the tai-chi diagram.


Abstract : This study investigated how the image exaggeration influence consumer attitude toward product in mobileshopping. Image exaggeration was manipulated by adding light effects on image and adjusting the width for slender mirroreffect. Subjects were randomly allocated to four mock-mobile website stimuli. The overall results showed that the imageexaggeration had negative effect on product attitude mediated by diagnositicity. First, the mediation effect of diagnositicitybetween exaggeration and product attitude was tested by bootstap method. The diagnositicity fully mediated between twovariables and exaggeration had negative total effect on diagnositicity. The image exaggeration had no direct effect on prod-uct attitude. Second, to test the moderating effect of image congruence between the image exaggeration and diagnositicity,conditional indirect effect of diagnositicity was analyzed. As a result, the moderating effect of image congruence was sig-nificant. When consumers perceived high self-image congruence with picture image on mobile website, the exaggerationhad no negative effect on product attitude. This indicates self-image congruence counteracts the negative effect of theexaggeration on diagositicity. And the moderating effect of image aesthetics between the image exaggeration and productattitude was examinated by the conditional direct effect model. The analysis found that image aesthetics had significantmoderating effects particularly on high or low levels of aesthetics. When image aesthetics was perceived as high, imageexaggeration had negative effect on product attitude, whereas image aesthetics was low, image exaggeration had positiveeffect on product attitude. This result indicated that the positive exaggeration effects existed when images were aes-thetically appealing. Key words :mobile shopping (모바일 쇼핑), image exaggeration (이미지 왜곡), diagnositicity (진단성), imagecongruence (이미지 일치성), image aesthetics (이미지 심미성)


anti-β-Diphenylmethyleneamino alcohols have been produced with high relative and absolute sterocontrol in a one-pot process; subsequent deprotection gave anti-β-hydroxy amines in good yield.


TRANSVERSE JOINT PUMPING ON A SECTION OF ROUTE 52 WAS OBSERVED AFTER 2 TO 3 MONTHS; IT INCREASED RAPIDLY. PUMPING WAS MUCH MORE EXTENSIVE AND SEVERE WHEN THE PAVEMENT SLAB WAS PLACED ON SOIL SUBGRADE. GREATER DEFLECTION WAS NOTED WHEN TRUCKS PROCEEDED AT SLOWER THAN NORMAL SPEEDS.


This study aims to investigate the reading ability of preschool children in the district of Kota Tinggi, Johor. Mixed mode design used to explore the children's ability in order to have a comprehensive understanding. Two types of preschool namely the government and private preschool selected in the study. For each of the preschool, two children, their parents and their teachers whose teaching them in the school were selected as respondents. Reading Readiness Test was used to measure the level of the children reading ability whereas the follow up interview was conducted in order to explain quantitative data. Thus the qualitative data is use to explain the quantitative data. Research findings of the children's reading ability for both types of preschool showed no significant differences. Interestingly the comments from parents and the teachers were intender with the reading ability. Both parents and teachers were practicing the same culture and providing a conducive environment to the children. In other words, the culture and the environment were practiced and provided for any kinds of children regardless of their ability and background. It implies that in order for the children to excel in their reading ability, appropriate environment and culture should be provided. Recommendations and suggestions is also discussed.


The topographical distributions of the relative ratio of long- (L) and middle- (M) wavelength sensitive cone opsin messenger RNA (mRNA) in human and baboon retinas were mapped using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The L:M mRNA ratio increased in a central-to-peripheral gradient in both species, being quite pronounced for humans.


Young Branwell, who once ruled an imaginary world, is now a man, grown mad trying to cope with the real one. Having failed as a poet and painter, as doomed in love as he is in literature, he slips ever more quickly down the road of drink, drugs and despair. His loving father Patrick and talented sister Charlotte fight a last-ditch stand for his salvation, but it is Branwell's sinister friend, gravedigger John Brown, who threatens to have the last word in the ultimately terrifying take on the brilliant family we have read so much about and all thought we knew so well (cover blurb).


With the development of GML specification and its broad supporting by many GIS software vendors, more and more spatial data has been stored in GML format. Querying GML spatial data has been becoming the hot issue in GIS. Traditional relational database query language SQL is designed for relational tables, and not suitable for XML or GML semistructured data; The query systems of commercial GIS software are usually only applicable to the native data formats. The study on XML query establishes the basis for GML query. To the existing issues of GML query, extending XQuery is the best method to develop GML query language.Integrating the characteristics of XML query language and of spatial query language, the characteristics of GML query language and the architecture framework of GML querying system are proposed. Taking the characteristics of GML data into account, the contents of spatial extension to XQuery are suggested. Consequently one GML query language GMLXQL based on XQuery is developed,and native query over GML data is realized.


Field and laboratory tests for control of Conotrachclus nenuphar (Herbs) were conducted on apples and plums from 1964 through 1971. Insecticides giving excellent control under conditions of low curculio population pressure were Gardona ® (2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorphenyl)-vinyl dimethyl phosphate), carbofuran, Imidan ® ( O, O -dimethyl phosphorodithioate S -ester with N (mercapto-methyl) phthalimide), azinphosmethyl, and phosalone. When these same insecticides were tested in the field against much higher plum curculio populations, the need for increased dosages by decreased spray intervals of some of the materials was indicated. Laboratory tests against adults generally supported field results for Gardona, Imidan, azinphosmethyl, and carbofuran and showed their superiority to carbaryl and lead arsenate.

The only phytotoxicity noted occurred with use of Cardona and phosalone in a full seasonal schedule on apples: Gardona caused extensive russetting of 'Goldell Delicious' apples.


Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Lisfranc fracture/dislocations comprise of spectrum of injury including simple disruption of the lisfranc articulation to more complex tarsometatarsal fracture/dislocations. A further known variant of lisfranc injuries involves proximal tarsal disruption, specifically through the articulation of the medial and middle cuneiform. In the absence of polytrauma and high energy injury it is unknown what proportion of patients with sport or primary axial loading injury have proximal medial column variants of the lisfranc fracture. Recognizing and stabilizing this disruption is critical to establishing a stable medial column and restoring appropriate biomechanics of the foot. Methods: After IRB approval a retrospective cohort of patients was established at a single instutition utilizing CPT codes consistent with fixation of lisfranc/tarsometatarsal fracture-dislocations. Surgical encounters over a 3 year period were identified and retrospective chart review of operative reports and independent evaluation of imaging was used to determine medial column/proximal variants within the included subset of patients. Low energy fracture mechanisms with adequate imaging and operative reports were included in the study. Results: A total of 52 low energy lisfranc fracture-dislocations were included in the study for evaluation of injury patter. Based on imaging studies, intra-operative findings and fixation modalities 30 medial column variants (58%) were identified in this cohort. This subset of patients showed instability through the medial ray extending proximal to the lisfranc articulation and requiring intercuneiform fixation. Conclusion: Tarsometatarsal fracture-dislocations represent a spectrum of injury from disruption of the lisfranc joint to multiple midfoot dislocations. A proximal variant of this injury pattern with intercuneiform disruption is often noted, but prevalence has not been established. In low energy tarsometatarsal fracture-dislocations this study notes a 58% prevalence of medial column disruption requiring additional proximal fixation. Recognizing this injury pattern and appropriately addressing the pathology is critical for obtaining a stable foot and favorable outcome.


During the last 3500 years or so, the Chumash Indians of southern California developed many of the cultural characteristics that have led anthropologists to classify them as one of the most complex hunter gatherer societies in history. In recent years, much attention has focused on the Middle-to-Late Period transition (ca. A.D. 1150-1300) as crucial to the evolution of this complexity. I believe the development of Churnash complexity was a long process, the foundations of which were laid much earlier in time. In examining this premise, I focus on Late Holocene archaeological records for the Santa Barbara mainland coast, where Chumash population densities and complexity reached their zenith . About 3500 years ago, a remarkable ceremony took place at a village cemetery at Rincon, a prominent point located between the modern cities of Santa Barbara and Ventura . Here, two young men, probably warriors killed in battle judging from their wounds, were buried with a wealth of goods. According to William Harrison (1964), who excavated portions of this cemetery at CA-SBA-119, the flexed bodies of the men were liberally dusted with red ochre, and surrounded with baskets, stone bowls, atlatis, flake tools, abalone pendants, deer legs, and utilized beach stones. Along with these artifacts, one of the men was also buried with two pebbles encircled with asphalt bands, a grooved stone, a glob of asphaltum with two rows of inset shark teeth, a bird bone tube, a large bone bodkin or point, a stone disk with asphalt around the edge , sandals, and a turtle shell. The second man also had four bone awls (one with an ochre-painted asphalt handle), a dart point, a palette, a quartz crystal, two cakes of red ochre, four eagle claws, two abalone dishes, a bone scraper, a turtle shell containing two cores and 67 whole Olivella shells, and another turtle shell containing four fish gorges and five phalanges from a large bird wing. Also found in the general area was an Olivella grooved rectangle (OGR) bead, a distinctive southern bead type and the only one of its kind known from the Santa Barbara Channel area (see Howard and Raab 1993; Vellanoweth 1995; Jenkins and Erlandson 1996). What is remarkable about CA-SBA-119 is its antiquity, dating to the very end of the Middle Holocene and the beginning of the Late Holocene, between about 3300 to 3700 RYBP (Table 1); its elaboration of material culture and ritual behavior; its evidence for warfare; the context of these associations; and some of the things not found in the cemetery. The context of the finds is a Milling Stone assemblage in which manos and metates outnumber mortars and pestles 10 to 1. Yet, as Harrison (1964:346) recognized, other aspects of the assemblage, from the flexed burials to the elaborate and finely crafted grave offerings, seem typically Canalino (or Chumash). What is miSSing from the assemblage is any evidence for intensified maritime subsistence, no circular shell fishhooks or other specialized marine hunting technology and relatively few fish or sea mammal bones despite Harrison's 1I8-inch screening of the excavated deposits . Yet it is often assumed that the elaborated Canalino pattern is inextricably linked to intensive maritime adaptations. Harrison's discoveries at CA-SBA-119, it seems to me, indicate a relatively great antiquity for some of the foundations of Chumash culture. They also suggest that the economic underpinnings of the high population densities and cultural complexity of California's coastal societies were not strictly maritime, but were based on the high diversity and productivity of both marine and terrestrial resources (see Landberg 1965).


In a global environment the ability to communicate effectively can be a challenge. Even when both parties speak the same language here can still be misunderstandings due to ethnic and cultural differences. Over the last decade, there have been countless examples from the business sector that demonstrate how poor communication can lead to poor organizational performance. Understanding the impact of globalization on cross-culture communication is imperative for organizations seeking to create a competitive advantage in the global market. Recent economic challenges further highlight the need for organizations to develop the internal communication capacity necessary to control and monitor external threats. As society becomes more globally connected the ability to communicate across cultural boundaries has gained increasing prominence. Global businesses must understand how to communicate with employees and customers from different cultures in order to fulfil the organization's mission and build value for stakeholders. The use of technology has had a profound impact on how businesses communicate globally and market their products and services. However, with the advancements in technology organizations must still be cognoscente of the culture nuisances that can potentially present obstacles in trying to increase profits and market share.


The experimental model analyses method is appli ed to test the natural c haracter in order to obtain precision model parameters and to modify the 3-D FE M model for dynamic analyses.The vibration acceleration at 110 test points on 5 m easurement surfaces are measured and the time history of acceleration,velocity a nd displacement a s well as acceleration frequency spectrum on all test points are acquired by tre atment in FFT analyzer.At the same time the sound intensity on 416 test points a re measured to gain 3-D sound intensity distribution chart on 5 surfaces.The te st results are almost in line with the numerical results.


Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with broad clinical manifestations, but unclear etiology. Extensive tissue damage occurs due to the production of autoantibody against nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens. Regarding the involvement of GADD45A gene in cell cycle control, T-cell proliferation suppression, and genome epigenetic regulation, this case-control study was done for the first time to evaluate the association of rs581000 polymorphism in 5' near gene with the risk of SLE among patients in south of Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 102 patients with SLE in comparison with 118 healthy controls. Genotyping of the GADD45A rs581000 polymorphism was performed using TARMS PCR. Results: The T allele was significantly more frequent in the controls (0.13) than in the patients (0.01) with SLE (p<0.001). The frequency of genotypes carrying at least one C allele (CC+CG) was higher in control group (14.4%) compared to patient group (1%), and this allele showed protective effect against the risk of SLE (p<0.001, CI: 0.009-0.5, OR=0.06) Conclusion: It seems that GADD45A rs581000 polymorphism involved in the SLE pathogenesis.


Flat, organic microstructures that can self‐fold into 3D microstructures are promising for tissue regeneration, for being capable of distributing living cells in 3D while forming highly complex, biomimetic architectures to assist cells in performing regeneration. However, the design of self‐folding microstructures is difficult due to a lack of understanding of the underlying formation mechanisms. This study helps bridge this gap by deciphering the dynamics of the self‐folding using a mass‐spring model. This numerical study reveals that self‐folding procedure is multi‐modal, which can become random and unpredictable by involving the interplays between internal stresses, external stimulation, imperfection, and self‐hindrance of the folding body. To verify the numerical results, bilayered, hydrogel‐based micropatterns capable of self‐folding are fabricated using inkjet‐printing and tested. The experimental and numerical results are consistent with each other. The above knowledge is applied to designing and fabricating self‐folding microstructures for tissue‐engineering, which successfully creates 3D, cell‐scaled, and biomimetic microstructures, such as microtubes, branched microtubes, and hollow spheres. Embedded in self‐folded microtubes, human mesenchymal stem cells proliferate and form linear cell‐organization mimicking the cell morphology in muscles and tendons. The above knowledge and study platforms can greatly contribute to the research on self‐folding microstructures and applications to tissue regeneration.


With the advent of supply chain competition era, vertical IOS (Inter-organizational Information System) is becoming a more and more important part of IS expenditure, and therefore the problem of how to evaluate its business value is absolutely worth of research. Hence, the purpose of this paper was to propose a model, which summarized the business value of vertical IOS by means of case study, which studied a networking company in China. The paper put forward a practical model, which gave a framework of how to evaluate the business value of Vertical IOS from three dimensions with each dimension involving several factors based on supply chain research. The case in this paper used this model as the framework of evaluation and also as a validation of the usability of the model. At the end of the paper, the author identified 3 management practices, which related to how to evaluate and to fully utilize the business value of vertical IOS.


In this paper we correct the errors of Yu. N. Kuznetsova's paper on the continuous duality for Moore groups. In [11] Yu. N. Kuznetsova made an attempt to construct a generalization of the Pontryagin duality to the class of all (not necessarily commutative) Moore groups. Its main result can be expressed in the diagram (1) C(G) ✤ Env // Env C(G)


This study tests the use of computer-assisted grading rubrics compared to other grading methods with respect to the efficiency and effectiveness of different grading processes for subjective assignments. The test was performed on a large Introduction to Business course. The students in this course were randomly assigned to four treatment groups based on the grading method. Efficiency was measured by the professor's time to grade the assignments; effectiveness was measured by a student satisfaction survey. Results suggest that the computer-assisted grading rubrics were almost 200% faster than traditional hand grading without rubrics, more than 300% faster than hand grading with rubrics, and nearly 350% faster than typing the feedback into a Learning Content Management System. Results also seemed to indicate that the use of a computer-assisted grading rubric did not negatively affect student attitudes concerning the helpfulness of their feedback, their satisfaction with the speed with which they received their feedback, or their satisfaction with the method by which they received feedback.


The article analyzes the foreigners' assessments of official abuse in Muscovite state in the XVI-XVII centuries. The main authors who wrote about Russian corruption are identified, the specific features of foreigners' notes are revealed, the stages in a foreign narrative are highlighted. The first stage (the beginning ‒ the first half of the XVI century) is characterized by a small number of foreigners' writings, as well as a slight interest in corruption. At the second stage (the second half of the XVI century the beginning of the XVII century), there is a noticeable increase in the descriptions of Russia by foreigners, and we can find travelers, diplomats, merchants, and even adventurers among the authors. The publication of some notes was preceded by many years of experience in living in Russia, which affected the nature and depth of apperception of the corruption realities. For the third stage (from the 20s ‒ 30s to the end of the XVII century), we note not only an increase in the number of foreign authors, but also an expansion of the geographical boundaries of the descriptions of the "mysterious" Muscovy. Some of foreigners' notes acquire "academic monumentality", which is connected with their belonging to the scientific community (A. Olearius). All in all, according to the authors, all these writings were characterized by Orientalism, which was the cause of the moralizing and arrogant nature of the narrative.


For the lack of management mechanism in P2P VoD system, this paper presents design of a manageable P2P VoD system, describes the system architecture and design of each module, and been tested on CERNET2. By using intelligence node management, it has resolved the inefficient management problem of traditional P2P distribution system.


We have made simultaneous measurements of the heat capacity and the magnetization of single crystals of ErRh4B4 while heating the samples from 0.7 K to 1.2 K. This includes the temperature where the samples transform from the ferromagnetic state to the coexistence state.


A valid and practical STEM-based introduction to quantum physics module has been successfully developed. The module development uses a modified Rowntree development model consisting of three stages: the planning stage, the development stage, and the evaluation stage. Tessmer's formative evaluation was carried out at the evaluation stage, including self-evaluation, expert review, one-to-one evaluation, and small group evaluation. Data collection techniques used walkthrough data and questionnaire data. The results of the expert review show that the EVR value from the experts is 88.1%. In the one-to-one evaluation stage, the HEOS value from student responses to the use of this module is 88.6% (efficient type). The module was revised into prototype two and re-tested apart from these two stages. In the small group evaluation trial, the HEOS score from student responses using this module is 93.0%. Thus, based on the study results, it is concluded that the developed module (teaching material) is valid and practical.


Abstract Rosa odorata var. pseudindica is a world-famous Chinese Old Rose endemic to the northwest of Yunnan province (China). In this study, the complete plastid genome of R. odorata var. pseudindica was characterized and assembled using a high-throughput sequencing method. The complete plastid genome is a typical quadripartite circular molecule of 156,652 bp length, including a large single-copy region of 85,785 bp and a small single-copy region of 18,761 bp separated by two inverted repeat regions of 26,053 bp. Totally 130 genes were identified, including 85 protein-coding genes (PCG), 37 transfer RNA genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that R. odorata var. pseudindica and R. odorata var. gigantea formed an independent clade with a 100% bootstrap support.


It is stated in the article that during the war when the military actions last a lengthy period of time both belligerent parties start to pay special attention to propaganda both inside and outside the country. They mobilize all their resources for that purpose. Russian propaganda turned out practically ineffective, which was caused by a low educational level of the majority of the population of the Empire.


A route towards chromenes, annulated with an imidazo[5,1-c][1,4]thiazine core through a base-promoted domino reaction of thiazolium quaternary salts, has been developed. The synthesised compounds show high cytotoxic activity against human tumour cell lines.


Chilled meat preservation is the most concerned issue in the production of meat products.Researching and developing natural preservatives and methods without pollution and hazards to human beings is more in accordance with the future trends of the modern food industry and must be the number one focus of scientific research.On the basis of the characteristics of chilled meat such as being nutrient-rich,high water activity,being easy to deteriorate,short shelf life and otherwise in combination with the latest discovery in chilled meat preservation,the advantages and disadvantages of spice based preservatives,Chinese herbal extract based preservatives and vegetable and fruit preservatives are compared in this paper.Meanwhile,several chilled meat preservation methods and their current research status are introduced,and future directions in the development of new preservation methods and preservatives for chilled meat are presented.


The paper analyzes in what sense the quantification and statistical algorithms performer contribute to the social world. It starts from the idea that statistics is at the same time, a test tool but also a tool of government that sets the pace and coordinates many social activities and provides guidance to public action. These two aspects are addressed in a coordinated way, to historicize and sociologize examining the technical aspects of statistical tools and their uses argumentative. Through various historical examples, drawn from the author's previous research, shows that the history and methods and statistical formalisms is mixed in complex ways with the history of the objects that are placed on the agenda for public policy in the within which are co-constructed. While it is not present a complete model of relations between methods and statistical algorithms, and social issues argued by these instruments, suggests the relevance of statistical tools unlock, open the black boxes without so relativize historicized.


Background: Numerous studies evaluating the clinical and histologic effects of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) as an adjunct to periodontal surgical therapy have demonstrated significant improvements in clinical parameters, radiographic bone fill and periodontal regeneration. Case presentation: Two case reports are described that involved treatment of intrabony defects with periodontal flap surgery and placement of enamel matrix derivative. Each case was followed up after 12 months for clinical and radiographic evaluation. Both cases resulted in a reduction in probing depth (PD), a gain in clinical attachment level (CAL), an absence of bleeding on probing (BOP), unremarkable changes in gingival recession (REC) and radiographic evidence of bone fill. Conclusion: Treatment of an intrabony defect with periodontal flap surgery and EMD demonstrated bone fill as evidenced by radiographic evaluation performed after 12 months. Consistent improvements in the clinical parameters of CAL, PD and BOP were also noted.


The paper addresses an under-investigated issue of the structure of constructional meaning. While it is commonly assumed that a construction should have 'senses' , one of which should be the 'prototypical' one, the present study questions this assumption and presents an innovative corpus-based bottom-up approach that can be used to model semantic structures. The method is based on the visualization of the semantic similarities between the exemplars of a construction in a semantic map created with the help of Multidimensional Scaling. The study explores the main semantic dimensions and 'senses' of the Dutch causative construction with the auxiliary laten "let". The quantitative analyses of 731 exemplars from corpora of spoken, computer-mediated and newspaper Dutch, which were coded for 35 various contextual variables, show that the constructional semantics is organized as a doughnut, with an empty centre and extensive periphery. The main senses (clusters of similar exemplars) are not discrete, but represent a continuum. These findings are contrasted with the previous accounts, which assumed a discrete prototype-based semantic structure of the category.


Background An accurate assessment of transcription 'rate' is often desired to describe the promoter activity. In plants, isolation of transcriptionally active nuclei and their subsequent use in nuclear run-on assays has been challenging and therefore limit an accurate measurement of gene transcription 'rate'. Catharanthus roseus has emerged as a model medicinal plant as it exhibits an unsurpassed spectrum of chemodiversity, producing over 130 alkaloids through the terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) pathway and therefore serves as a 'molecular hub' to understand gene expression profiles. Results The protocols presented here streamline, adapt and optimize the existing methods of nuclear run-on assay for use in C. roseus. Here, we fully describe all the steps to isolate transcriptionally active nuclei from C. roseus leaves and utilize them to perform nuclear run-on transcription assay. Nuclei isolated by this method transcribed at a level consistent with their response to external stimuli, as transcription rate of TDC gene was found to be higher in response to external stimuli i.e. when seedlings were subjected to UV-B light or to methyl jasmonate (MeJA). However, the relative transcript abundance measured parallel through qRT-PCR was found to be inconsistent with the synthesis rate indicating that some post transcriptional events might have a role in transcript stability in response to stimuli. Conclusions Our study provides an optimized, efficient and inexpensive method of isolation of intact nuclei and nuclear 'run-on' transcription assay to carry out in-situ measurement of gene transcription rate in Catharanthus roseus. This would be valuable in investigating the transcriptional and post transcriptional response of other TIA pathway genes in C. roseus. Isolated nuclei may also provide a resource that could be used for performing the chip assay as well as serve as the source of nuclear proteins for in-vitro EMSA studies. Moreover, nascent nuclear run-on transcript could be further subjected to RNA-Seq for global nuclear run-on assay (GNRO-Seq) for genome wide in-situ measurement of transcription rate of plant genes.


We researched concerning the new energy technology of producing the hydrogen gases with the organic refuse by using sunlight and phototropic bacteria. Electricity can be generated by supplying the produced hydrogen gases to the fuel cell. Hydrogen production efficiency enough to put it to practical use has not been obtained in the past though a full-scale experiment for the hydrogen production that uses algae and the microorganism that does the photosynthesis has been conducted. That is, the cost performance for practical use is not obtained. We did an experimental research that used the wavelength conversion material of sunlight and the optical reflection material of the aluminum foil as a method for the efficiency gain of the hydrogen production. As a result, the design parameter of the system to produce hydrogen with the waste fluid by using the purple non-sulfur bacteria that carried out photosynthesis was able to be decided. Substrate (The sugar manufacture waste fluid: [Molasses]) dosage in which the highest incidence of hydrogen was obtained was 0.4mg/100kcells*day for the pure culture system. Moreover, the improvement of the hydrogen production efficiency of about 15% was obtained in the maximum with a light wave length conversion net. A design parameter of the biomass hydrogen energy production system and basic data concerning the efficiency gain of the system were able to be obtained from the above-mentioned results.


Considered are the peculiarities of focusing by RF field on the example of a helium ion linac with the output energy of 4 MeV of two types: first is the active accelerator based on the modified alternating-phase focusing (MAPF) and second is a proposed accelerator with the combined RF focusing (CRFF) technique used. By means of computer simulation, it is shown that the calculated parameters of the CRFF-based structure offer advantages over the similar parameters of the MAPF-based accelerator. For instance, at low injection current (less than 5 mA) about 60% of charged particles are captured into acceleration process in the CRFF-based structure, while for the MAPF-based one the number is about 42%; the maximum current of accelerated helium ions is 49 and 12 mA, respectively. Owing to the investigations conducted, the conclusion about the prospects of the usage of the CRFF in the future modernization of the helium ion accelerator is presented.


There is described a disk brake of a rail vehicle on a brake pad holder (1) of the disc brake, a brake lining support of a brake pad (5), wherein the pad holder (1) has a holder plate (11) and at least one locking element (13) for fixing of the lining carrier (2) on the holder plate (11), the brake pad (5) has a lining support plate (2) and at least one is arranged on this covering element (3), the lining carrier plate (2) in the mounted position of the brake pad (5) on the pad holder (1) positively on the is kept pad holder (1), at the holder plate (11) edge-side extending in the direction of the lining carrier plate (2) Umgriffstege (14) to the surface center of the holder plate (11) open grooves (15) are integrally formed. Furthermore, a brake lining (5) and a pad holder (1) will be described.


Sustainability transitions are long-term processes that involve interactions among societal groups and promote co-evolutionary socio-technical transformations aimed at addressing crucial sustainability challenges. Although the focus of relevant work is often on groups, sustainability transitions also require personal transformations. Can adult education be a vehicle for promoting such transformations? In the present study, we attempted to answer this question by examining whether participation in sustainability-related adult education programs (AEPs) leads to the development of sustainability awareness, formation of sustainability-related values, construction of sustainability empathy, and initiation of pro-sustainability action among individuals. Following a quantitative research design and drawing upon data from farmers and teachers, we compared attendees and non-attendees of AEPs on the above-mentioned constructs. The analysis revealed that attendees scored significantly higher than non-attendees in awareness, values, empathy, and action. A series of hierarchical regressions confirmed the association between participation and the outcome variables, also showing no effects of demographic factors on the models. These results underscore the potential contribution of sustainability-related adult education to individual transformation, thus suggesting that targeted adult education interventions can facilitate sustainability transitions.


The highest control layer of a (hybrid) vehicular drive train is termed the Energy Management Strategy (EMS). In this paper an overview of different control methods is given and a new rule-based EMS is introduced, based on the combination of Rule-Based and Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies (RB-ECMS). The RB-ECMS uses only one decision variable and requires no tuning of many threshold control values and parameters. This decision variable represents the maximum propulsion power of the secondary power source (i.e. electric machine/battery) during pure electric driving. The RB-ECMS is compared with the strategy based on Dynamic Programming (DP), which is inherently optimal for a given cycle. The RB-ECMS proposed in this paper requires significantly less computation time with a similar result to DP (within 1% accuracy).


Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynarnics were studied on 66 children (M 36, F 30; age 4+3a) following intramuscular injection (2 groups) and intravenous infusion of gentamicin. The pharma.cokinetic parameters were K=0.51+0.12, 0.50 + 0.17 and 0.92+0.26h-1 T1/2 = 1.5 + 0.4, 1.5 + 0.5 and 0.8 + 0.3h; Vd=0.32+0.08, 0.36 + 0.11 and 0.19 +0.06L/kg, respectively. The dose of gentamicin which attained a peak concentration 4-8mg/L was 2.0-2.5mg/kg for age5a, 2.0mg/kg for5a, bid, by im or rapid iv infusion. Rapid iv infusion bid was more effective than infusion qd.


The development of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis was studied in hamsters drinking tap water or 2% a-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) dissolved in tap water for 14 days. The fibrotic lesions in the lungs were evaluated by biochemical measurements of total neutral salt soluble (NSS) and insoluble (NSI) collagens and by morphometric histopathologic techniques. Daily ingestion of DFMO failed to offer any protection against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis; instead, it increased the deposition of total lung NSI collagen to 396% of control, as compared with 145% of control


ABSTRACT We present an overview of the local environmental development of the valley of Hjaltadalur, situated in Skagafjörður, northern Iceland. The aim of this study is to increase the knowledge about the valley region before and during human settlement in the ninth century. Four mires were investigated after which the Viðvík peat bog was selected as the main site for evaluating changes in climate and landscape. The master core from Viðvík (V-325) was dated and studied further through sediment analysis, loss-on-ignition (LOI), and pollen analysis. According to the age-depth model, based on three radiocarbon dates and analysis of two tephra layers, the 325 cm long Viðvík core comprises approximately 5500 years. In the pollen percentage record, there is a decrease in birch (Betula) and an increase in grass (Poaceae) in the central part of the core, between Hekla 3 horizon at c. 2800 BP and the next dated level at c. 2000 BP. This change corresponds well with previously outlined environmental fluctuations, showing a transition from warm and dry climate to cool and humid climate at this time. Human activity is mainly reflected by a distinct peak in Lactucae pollen in the uppermost part of the core. This change in vegetation corresponds with earlier studies, showing that the vegetation changed dramatically after the colonization of Iceland in the ninth century (during Landnám period, 870–930 AD). The present study shows that a decline in birch started well before human settlement, although the subsequent Viking Age and later settlements continued the deforestation trend.


In this article the authors examine the changes which have taken place since the 1950s to travel patterns, and the reasons why people travel. The dominance of personal travel by car and increasing journey length have been the most important elements in the growth of personal travel. Tables provide information on distance travelled per person per year by main mode and area, by mode age and sex, by household income, and by average length of journey by purpose. For the covering abstract see ITRD E105061.


Boehmite (e.g., aluminum oxyhydroxide) is a major non-radioactive component in Hanford and Savannah River nuclear tank waste sludge. Boehmite dissolution from sludge using caustic at elevated temperatures is being planned at Hanford to minimize the mass of material disposed of as high-level waste (HLW) during operation of the Waste Treatment Plant (WTP). To more thoroughly understand the chemistry of this dissolution process, we have developed an empirical kinetic model for aluminate production due to boehmite dissolution. Application of this model to Hanford tank wastes would allow predictability and optimization of the caustic leaching of aluminum solids, potentially yielding significant improvements to overall processing time, disposal cost, and schedule. This report presents an empirical kinetic model that can be used to estimate the aluminate production from the leaching of boehmite in Hanford waste as a function of the following parameters: (1) hydroxide concentration; (2) temperature; (3) specific surface area of boehmite; (4) initial soluble aluminate plus gibbsite present in waste; (5) concentration of boehmite in the waste; and (6) (pre-fit) Arrhenius kinetic parameters. The model was fit to laboratory, non-radioactive (e.g. 'simulant boehmite') leaching results, providing best-fit values of the Arrhenius A-factor, A, and apparent activation energy, E{sub A}, of A more » = 5.0 x 10{sup 12} hour{sup -1} and E{sub A} = 90 kJ/mole. These parameters were then used to predict boehmite leaching behavior observed in previously reported actual waste leaching studies. Acceptable aluminate versus leaching time profiles were predicted for waste leaching data from both Hanford and Savannah River site studies. « less


Holdup Measurement System 4 software (HMS4) has been in use at facilities to systematically measure and verify the amounts of uranium holdup in process facilities under safeguards since its release in 2004. It is a system for measuring uranium and plutonium and archiving holdup data (via barcoded locations with information) which is essential for any internationally safeguarded facility to monitor all amounts of residual special nuclear material (SNM). Additionally, HMS4 has been tested by sites in Russia, the United States, South Africa, and China for more effective application. Comments and lessons learned have been received over time and an updated version of the software would enable the international partners to use a wider variety of commercial equipment existing at these facilities. In June 2005, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Los Alamos National Laboratory conducted a holdup measurement training course on HMS4 for subject matter experts from the Ulba Metallurgical Facility at Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan, which included an additional external software package for improved measurements of low-enriched uranium by using higher energy gamma-rays more readily found. Due to not being currently integrated into HMS4, it would be greatly beneficial to include this application in the next generation HMS software packagemore » (HMS-5). This software system upgrade would assist the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in having a more comprehensive software package and having it tested at several safeguarded locations. When released, HMS4 only supported AMETEK/ORTEC equipment despite many facilities currently utilizing Canberra Industries technology (detectors, multi-channel analyzers, other hardware, and software packages). For HMS-5 to support all available hardware systems and to benefit the majority of international partners and the IAEA, Canberra technology must be integrated because of such widespread use of its hardware. Furthermore, newly developed hardware such as lanthanum halide detectors and digital processing multichannel analyzers will be incorporated into the new HMS-5 system to accommodate the evolving realm of SNM detection and quantification. HMS-5 is the natural progression from the previous incantations of automated special nuclear material holdup measurement systems for process facilities. ORNL is leading this next-generation system with assistance from its foreign partners and past experiences of its Safeguards Laboratory staff.« less


A method of operating a testing system is provided, wherein the testing system has a test machine and a probe module, which has a first probe set and a second probe set. One of the first probe set and the second probe set can be connected to the test machine. The method includes the following steps: connect the test machine and the first probe set; calibrate the testing system; abut the first probe set against a DUT to do electrical tests; disconnect the first probe set and the DUT; disconnect the test machine and the first probe set; connect the test machine and the second probe set; calibrate the testing system again; abut the second probe set against the DUT to do electrical tests.


The explosive strength and agility are capacities that allow the human body to change position quickly and for basketball it is important to develop them, since it is a team sport with a high level of physical, technical and tactical demand. The performance will not only depend on the individual qualities of each player, but will also be conditioned by their integration and interaction with the other teammates (Bonafonte, 1988). Therefore, it is significant to evaluate them, because in the practice of the game there are numerous actions were such capacities are required. The main objective of this investigation was to determine the correlation that exists between the explosive force of the lower train and the agility of displacement in the basketball players, performing an analysis of each capacity and relating them to each other. The study involved 10 men and 10 women belonging to the male and female teams of the representative basketball team of the UPTC sectional Chiquinquira. For the collection of information, the Bosco Test was used in the explosive force and the Illinois Agility Test. Thus, in the Illinois test, the men in this study show an average of 16.92 ± 0.44 seconds, and a coefficient of variation of 2.6%, where 100% of the athletes meet in the average according to the evaluation scale. In the case of women, it presents an average of 19.34 ± 1.27 seconds and a coefficient of variation of 6.56%, this shows that 80% are on average, 10% on a score on averaging and the 10% remaining in low average. And in the Bosco test, men show an average of: in the jump of 3735,68±499,77Watts: in the CMJ 3244,50±338,13Watts and in ABK 4078,03±426,37Watts, showing an inversely proportional relationship of r = -0.47 and p = 0.170. For women, the Bosco test yielded the following results in SJ: 2266.63 ± 380.82Watts; in CMJ 1953.88 ± 315.26Watts and ABK 2375.28 ± 422.34Watts, showed a non-significant relationship r = 0.140 and p = 0.700 which indicates that although there is a moderate correlation between the variables, the values are not significant.


Human SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with retinoic acid, 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) or nerve growth factor differentiated morphologically to neuronlike cells with increased amounts of neurofilament protein and mRNA. All three effetors induced an increase in the amount of relative molecular weight (Mr) 70 000 tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA) and its mRNA, as determined by immunocapture, enzyme activity, and Northern blotting analyses. About 90% of the t‐PA activity was secreted to the culture medium. In contrast, of the three effectors studied, only TPA induced transcription of the proto‐oncogene c‐fos, studied as a control gene responsive to various stimuli, and induced a rapid increase in urokinase‐type PA (u‐PA). Most of the u‐PA activity induced by TPA remained cell‐associated. Because induction of differentiation correlated closely with induction of t‐PA, and not u‐PA, the authors propose that t‐PA may have a functional role in the morphological differentiation of neuronal cells.


Hexagonal and cubic silicon carbide polymorphs give distinctive 29Si and 13C magic spinning n.m.r. spectra that can be related to the number of nonequivalent lattice sites in the structure and variations in the non-nearest-neighbour environment.


I. THE NATURE OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ARBITRATION 1. Change and Continuity: The Maturing of Arbitration 2. Arbitrator Integrity 3. Arbitration and Accuracy 4. The Politics of Arbitration 5. Arbitration s Procedural Matrix II. LEGAL FRAMEWORK: COURTS, STATUTES AND TREATIES A. ARBITRAL JURISDICTION 1. Who Decides What? A Comment on Lesotho Highlands 2. The Arbitrability Dicta in First Options 3. The Contours of Arbitral Jurisdiction 4. Private Adjudicators and the Public Interest 5. The Arbitrator s Jurisdiction to Determine Jurisdiction 6. Non-Signatories and International Contracts B. JUDICIAL SUPERVISION 1. Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes? 2. Why Courts Review Arbitral Awards 3. The Arbitral Situs and Lex Loci Arbitri 4. Saving the FAA C. THE EFFECT OF ANNULMENT 1. What is to be Done with Annulled Awards? 2. Duty and Discretion in International Arbitration D. THE ARCHITECTURE OF ARBITRATION 1. The Interaction of Courts and Arbitrators in England 2. Amending the Federal Arbitration Act 3. National Constraints on International Arbitration 4. The International Currency of Awards 5. Convention Violations and Investment Claims 6. Treaty Obligations and National Law E. THE CONTRACTUAL CONTEXT 1. A Cautionary Tale About Hometown Justice 2. The Arbitration Clause: Drafting Considerations III. ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS: ESTABLISHING THE FACTS AND APPLYING THE LAW A. COUNTERPOISE BETWEEN FAIRNESS AND EFFICIENCY 1. Arbitration s Discontents: Of Elephants and Pornography 2. The Value of Rules and the Risks of Discretion 3. Two Faces of Progress 4. The Four Musketeers of Arbitral Duty B. SUBSTANTIVE NORMS 1. National Law and Commercial Justice 2. Neutrality, Predictability and Economic Cooperation 3. Lex Mercatoria 4. Rules and Standards in Private International Law 5. The Uses of Comparative Law in Arbitration 6. Framing the Case on Quantum C. PROCEDURAL NORMS 1. The Procedural Soft Law of International Arbitration 2. Procedural Default Rules Revisited IV. SELECTED ISSUES FOR FURTHER STUDY A. FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS 1. Arbitration in Banking and Finance 2. Mass Claims and Dormant Swiss Accounts B. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 1. Betting the Family Jewels: Intellectual Property C. TAXATION 1. Arbitrability and Tax D. INVESTMENT ARBITRATION 1. The Challenge of Sovereignty 2. The New Face of Investment Arbitration 3. Legal Issues in the Third World s Economic Development E. COMPARING ARBITRATION AND COURT SELECTION 1. The Hague Choice of Court Convention 2. Bridging the Gap in Forum Selection 3. When and Why Arbitration Matters INDEX


Identifying climate change hotspot regions is critical for planning effective mitigation and adaptation activities. We use standard Euclidean distance (SED) to calculate integrated changes in precipitation and temperature means, interannual variability, and extremes between different future warming levels and a baseline period (1995–2014) using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) climate model ensemble. We find consistent hotspots in the Amazon, central and western Africa, Indonesia and the Tibetan Plateau at warming levels of 1.5°C, 2°C, and 3°C for all scenarios explored; the Arctic, Central America and southern Africa emerge as hotspots at 4°C warming and at the end of the 21st century under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios, SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5. CMIP6 models show higher SED values than CMIP5, suggesting stronger aggregated effects of climate change under the new scenarios. Hotspot time of emergence (TOE) is further investigated; TOE is defined as the year when the climate change signal first exceeds the noise of natural variability in 21st century projections. The results indicate that TOEs for warming would occur over all primary hotspots, with the earliest occurring in the Arctic and Indonesia. For precipitation, TOEs occur before 2100 in the Arctic, the Tibetan Plateau and Central America. Results using a geographical detector model show that patterns of SED are shaped by extreme hot and dry occurrences at low‐to‐medium warming, while precipitation and temperature means and extreme precipitation occurrences are the dominant influences under the high emission scenario and at high warming levels.


The recent studies on egg yolk phosvitin were summarized, including its components, preparation, property and prospect in this paper. Its components were determined as though the structure of phosvitin is not defined. Phsovitin shows excellent heat stability, emulsifying properties and antioxidant activity. In addition, egg yolk phosvitin showed a remarkable bactericidal action against Escherichia coil under thermal atress. The above properties of phosvitin-galactomannan conjugates are greatly improved. It is verified that phosvitin and phosvitin phosphopeptides (PPP) could effectively enhance the calcium-binding behavior and these biologically active peptides can also increase the bioavailability in intestinal calcium and its retention by the body, so it would be of good application prospects as the potential functional food factor.


We explain the motivations and main ideas regarding the new techniques in hyperbolicity problems recently introduced by the author and Sai-Kee Yeung and by Michael McQuillan. Streamlined proofs and alternative approaches are given for previously known results. We say that a complex manifold is hyperbolic if there is no nonconstant holomorphic map from C to it. This paper discusses the new techniques in hyperbolicity problems introduced in recent years in a series of joint papers which I wrote with Sai-Kee Yeung [Siu and Yeung 1996b; 1996a; 1997] and in a series of papers by Michael McQuillan [McQuillan 1996; 1997]. The goal is to explain the motivations and the main ideas of these techniques. In the process we examine known results using new approaches, providing streamlined proofs for them. The paper consists of three parts: an Introduction, Chapter 1, and Chapter 2. The Introduction provides the necessary background, states the main problems, and discusses the motivations and the main ideas of the recent new techniques. Chapter 1 presents a proof of the following theorem, using techniques from diophantine approximation. Theorem 0.0.1. Let m̂ be a positive integer . Let Vλ (1 ≤ λ ≤ Λ) be regular complex hypersurfaces in Pn of degree δ in normal crossing . Let φ : C → Pn be a holomorphic map whose image is not contained in any hypersurface of Pn. Then the sum of the defects ∑Λ λ=1 Defect(φ, Vλ) is no more than ne for any δ ≥ 1 and is no more than n+ 1 for δ = 1. Chapter 2 presents a streamlined proof of the following result: Theorem 0.0.2 [Siu and Yeung 1996a]. The complement in P2 of a generic curve of sufficiently high degree is hyperbolic. An overview of the proof of these two theorems can be found in Section 0.10 (page 446). Partially supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation.


The values of benzoic acid and meta, para-halogen substituted benzoic acids in MeOH- mixtures (0∼80% of MeOH) have been determined at 25C using a conductometric method on the basis of the Fuoss-Kraus equation, and further verified using modified conductometric method of Gelb. The dependence of on halogen substituents has been discussed in terms of substituent-constant (), which is devided into electron-withdrawing inductive contribution () and electron-donating -resonance one (). The linear-dependence of 's on with positive slope and that of 's on with negative slope have been interpreted on the basis of field effect and through-space interaction of -lone pair of halogen substituent and ionization center via -system of benzene ring.


Advanced field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) utilizing substrates with a thick organic core showed substrate core cracking after thermal cycling. These substrates are laminate structures with a core made from stacked layers of glass fiber and resin with routing layers made of copper and a dielectric build-up polymer. This type of cracking typically occurs on the glass fiber–resin interface, can penetrate several millimeters and across thru-vias to cause electrical failures, and was found on several test vehicles, four of which are detailed here. This work observed numerous examples to identify the characteristics of the cracking and notes the best observation practices. We hypothesize that this cracking is due to free edge effect at cold temperature. Since the free edge cannot have normal stress, a large out-of-plane stress exists at the edge and concentrates at the corner. Models were built to study the effects of various package parameters on the failure mode. The primary contributions to the free edge effect are the low-coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) glass fiber, the high-CTE resin, and the high-CTE build-up layers. The trend toward lower CTE substrates has demanded lower CTE glass fiber material, which exacerbates this problem. Increasing complexity of routing demands additional layers, which also increases the out-of-plane stress at the corner. Other less significant factors that increase the stress include lower resin CTE, higher build-up CTE, and decreasing core thickness. Thru-via placement and dicing optimization had small impact and the substrate had negligible impact.


We study electron correlation driven superconductivity on a decorated honeycomb lattice (DHL), which has a low-energy flat band. On doping, we find singlet superconductivity with extended-s, extended-d and f-wave symmetry mediated by magnetic exchange. f-wave singlet pairing is enabled by the lattice decoration. The critical temperature is predicted to be significantly higher than on similar lattices lacking flat bands. We discuss how high-temperature superconductivity could be realized in the DHL materials such as Rb3TT. 2 H2O and Mo3S7(dmit)3.


Neural networks are significant in the application of medical diagnosis,cell image recognition,information processing and so on,with broad prospects for development.As people in recent years focus the importance of their health,artificial neural network applications in medical diagnostic research is gradually becoming the focus of attention.In comparison with BP model,growing cell structures of artificial neural network can be used in high-dimensional mapping data clustering and visualization with drop-dimensional mapping,and generation network is determined by the network structure and size of the input data.In this paper,the growing cell structures of artificial neural network is proposed for the processing parameter,it makes a more accurate diagnosis to breast cancer cells of the type of lesion and analyzes the characteristics on the network.Simulation on the testing data about the mammary cancer of the 699 sufferer shows that this algorithm is practicable and effective for actual reservoir modeling.


Introduction of biological control agents of Rhizoctonia solani to solarized or limed soil in greenhouse conditions. Solarization and liming methods, as pre-treatments of soil for the introduction of biological control agents of R.solani K.(AG-3),are described. The control agents evaluated were:a suspension of 3 x 10 7 cells/ml of Bacillus sp, 1.4 x 10 7 cells/ml of B. subtilis GV-3,7 x 10 6 cells/ml of B.subtilis (Kodiak HB), 4 x 10 8 spores/ml of Trichoderma harzianum IMI206040 and 250 mg of T.harzianum IMI206040 mycelia/potato seed. Each of these microorganisms was applied to soil previously treated: solarized, limed and lime-solarized soil and an absolute control. The results indicated that the best treatments were liming + B. subtilis GV-3 and solarization + Bacillus sp., with 100% protection. The incidence of R. solani AG-3 in the absolute control was 31.25%.


The role of small towns in regional development is being emphasized, especially in developing countries, where small towns are driving regional spatial integration and optimization from the 'bottom up'. In the context of further refinement of regional governance, it is important to identify the characteristics of regional small towns and explore the spatial pattern and structure of their development to achieve regional strategic goals. Taking the Yunnan section of the China–Laos Economic Corridor as an example, this study integrated small towns and regional high-quality development needs, constructed a regional small-town classification and evaluation index system, used various quantitative analysis methods to explore the spatial differentiation of regional small towns' development levels, and constructed a spatial pattern of regional small towns. Our results reveal that: (1) Small towns in the Yunnan section of the China–Laos Economic Corridor showed large variations in the scores of the four indicator types, which were spatially distributed as 'core-edge' and 'peripheral core'. (2) There was spatial autocorrelation in the classification assessment results of small towns, where small towns with similar levels of development were spatially adjacent and dominated by hot spot agglomerations, but with different agglomeration patterns and distribution locations. (3) The spatial pattern of regional small towns was composed of various elements such as points, lines, axes, rings, and clusters, which can meet the diversified development needs of the region. (4) Our study found that the horizontal transportation links of the Yunnan section require strengthening and suggested the construction of a '1 + 3' regional transportation network.


Switched reluctance motors (SRMs) is beneficial in excellent cost-effectiveness and high thermal tolerance owing to their simple mechanical construction free from permanent magnets. Nevertheless, application of SRMs to vehicular propulsion is often hindered by their comparatively large input current ripple and torque ripple. For mitigating the problem, the previous study has proposed a phase current waveform that eliminates both of these ripples under the magnetization below the magnetic saturation. However, this previous technique still suffers from significant torque and input current ripples at large output torque, which tends to cause the magnetic saturation. This paper proposes an improved phase current waveform that eliminates these ripples even at large output torque. This waveform was derived analytically based on the nonlinear magnetic model of the SRM. The proposed phase current waveform was successfully verified by the experiment, suggesting the usefulness of the proposed technique for applying SRMs to vehicular propulsion.


The words "subjective" and " objective" cause lots of confusion. Their misuse is responsible for subjectivism in ethics. Ethical subjectivism is the view that moral judgements are nothing but statements or expressions of personal opinion or feeling and thus that moral judgements cannot be supported or refuted by reason. Careless use of the terms "subjective" and "objective" also leads to odd views in metaphysics, e.g., the denial of material reality (idealism); and odd views in epistemology, e.g., the claim that all statements are equally warranted. In other words, if you're careless about how you handle the concepts of subjectivity and objectivity, you can end up saying there's no such thing as morality, reality, or truth!


Automatic patient though record categorization (TR) is important in Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), which is an useful augmentation of standard clinic treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Because both collection and labeling of TR data are expensive, it is cost prohibitive to require a large amount of TR data, as well as their cor-responding category labels, to train a classification model with high classification accuracy. As in practice we only have very limited amount of labeled and unlabeled training TR data, traditional semi-supervised learning methods and transfer learning methods, which are the most commonly used strategies to deal with the lack of training data in statistical learning, can not work well in the task of automatic TR categorization. With the recognition of these challenges, in this paper we propose to approach the TR categorization problem from a new perspective via self-taught learning, an emerging topic in machine learning. Self-taught learning is a special type of transfer learning, instead of requiring labeled data from an auxiliary domain that are relevant to the classification task of interest as in traditional transfer learning methods, it learns the inherent structures of the auxiliary data and does not require their labels. Consequently, we may learn a classifier using the limited amount of labeled TR texts to achieve decent classification accuracy, with the assistance from the large amount text data obtained from some cheap, or even no-cost, resources. That is, a cost effective TR categorization system can be built up, which is of particular use in practical diagnosis and training of new therapists. We demonstrate the proposed method in the task of classifying the real depression homework texts, where promising experimental results validate the effectiveness of our new method.


The properties of pseudo-ternary mixtures of p-Xylene, PEO13PPO30PEO13 (Pluronic Lbl) and aqueous phase in water-in-oil microemulsions ((L-2-phase) have been studied by electric conductivity and viscosity measurements. and by the methods lime-resolved lum


With today's current technologies, it is possible to answer the question, 'What is the most profitable mode of operation for the next few hours, for the rest of today, tomorrow and beyond?' With 'lower for longer' oil prices, the need for enterprise wide optimisation in the upstream and midstream oil and gas industry is greater than ever. The terms 'Digital Oil Field', 'Digital Gas Field', 'Digital Twin' are being utilised to extol the virtue and value of big data analytics and model-based asset optimisation and supply chain optimisation by enabling this in efficient ways not previously possible with multiple unintegrated systems, processes and procedures. Multiple different point solutions rolled out across multiple sites become difficult to integrate horizontally for management of safe and optimised operations and vertically up to business enterprise resource planning level to give useful and timely business insights. With careful planning, coupled with deep operational technology and operations knowledge, an integrated enterprise wide supply chain and asset operations and management system can unlock significant hidden value. This is enabled by the correct and efficient integration of many systems and the efficient collection, management and use of huge amounts of data. As the industry needs to 'do more with less', getting this integration right is critical to enable desired outcomes and functionality. This paper summarises the current state-of-the-art solutions that enable optimised well to liquefied natural gas plant process, asset and business management to deliver desired functionality and outcomes.


The role of institutions in economic development has become ever more recognized in economic theory. While initially institiutional economists tended to be theoretical, seminal papers by economists such as Daron Acemoglu have performed statistical research making a strong case for a causal effect of institutions on economic development. More recently development economists have taken a turn to more local investigations as opposed to using cross-country data. This has mainly been in order to better understand differences in economic development within one nation. Moreover, there is evidence that decentralisation can help address social problems more effectively. The research in this paper will reflect this turn to the regional level. This paper will look at recent efforts in academic research around regional level which are related to economic development. Regional institutions are different in nature from national institutions, and thus it is important to analyze whether proxies used for empirical research on regional institutions aptly capture a widely accepted concept for institutions. For this effort, papers from many different disciplines will be used, including economics, public administration, political science, law and philosophy. The main question this paper wants to answer is: what proxies for regional institutions are available and which ones can be developed for better understanding the causes of regional economic development?


The aim of this meta-analysis is to adapt the principles of sound timbre description to environmental sounds. In order to reach this goal, we inventoried timbre studies of diverse environmental sounds in terms of stimuli, experiments, perceptual results and correlated acoustic features. Then, we tried to systematize sound description by comparing the different perceptual spaces in order to identify the main environmental sound classes and their associated timbre spaces. Thus, we identified three main environmental sound classes within our sound dataset: impact sounds, motor sounds and instrument-like sounds. These three classes each have their own timbre space. We finally used perceptually relevant acoustic features to explain these timbre spaces, according to the main acoustic specificities that define each sound class. We thus found that the brightness feature is shared by the classes to discriminate sounds, while other particular features are used within each class.


A bacteriological survey in maricultured fish farms was conducted in Korea from 2002 to 2004. A total number of 166 Vibrio isolates were collected from diseased fishes, including olive flounder (133 isolates), black rock fish (8 isolates), red sea bream (6 isolates), shrimp (5 isolates), black sea bream (4 isolates), abalone (3 isolates) and other fishes (7 isolates). All isolates were phenotypically characterized and then groups were obtained using the traditional biochemical test. Representative isolates of each group were genotypically characterized with sequencing the 16S rRNA genes or 16S-23S intergenic space genes. Above 14 species of Vibrio were identified as V. ichthyoenteri (45 strains), V. alginolyticus (34 strains), V. harveyi (32 strains), Ph. damselae subsp. damselae (Formerly V. damsela, 10 strains), V. campbellii (6 strains), V. costicola-like (6 strains), V. fisheri (5 stains), V. fluvialis (4 strains) and others Vibrio sp. (24 strains) by combining of biochemial and genetic characteristics.


During temperature measurement with radiometric pyrometer, many factors will make thedistribution of experimentally measured temperature lower than practical temperature. A new method toestate practical temperature is proposed in the paper. This method is based on the modification ofchanging the original detector into a single mode(SM)fiber pigtailed detector to reduce receivingsurface , changing the original lens into an infrared an-aberration lens and finally derives the practicaltemperature with the help of Lucy-Richardson algorithm usually used for image reconstruction. The firstfour procedures effectively enhance temperature distribution details and the full width half maximum ofthe small object's temperature distribution is 21μm, which is lower than the full width half maximummeasured before. According to the last procedure - Lucy-Richardson algorithm, more accuratetemperature measurement can be accomplished by performing deconvolution with the point spreadfunction. The highest temperature after restoration is 100℃higher than that before restoration.Experimental results show that this method is feasible.


Proof. We will prove by contraposition. Suppose for a certain c and k, there does not exist n0 such that any c-coloring of [n0] has a monochromatic k-AP, i.e. ∀n0, ∃ c-coloring of [n0] without monochromatic k-APs. For each n0. we have coloring of [n0]. Let S = {all these colorings}. It is obvious that |S| = ∞, and we will maintain this. We want to prove it will produce a c-coloring of N without monochromatic k-APs and here is our algorithm: Step 1: let i = 1. Step 2: amongst all coloring in S, look at the color that they give to i. For some color α, it appears as the color of i infinitely many times in S since |S| = ∞. Remove all colorings from S that do not give color α to i. Define color(i) = α. Step 3: let i = i+ 1, and repeat Step 2. Note that this algorithm will run forever.


Statistical mechanics seeks to explain the macroscopic behavior of matter on the basis of its microscopic structure. This includes the analysis of simplified mathematical models. A phase diagram of a model describes a morphology of phases, stability of phases, transitions
from ne phase to another and corresponding transitions line. A Potts model just as an Ising model on a Cayley tree with competing interactions [1],[2], has recently been studied extensively because of the appearance of nontrivial magnetic orderings. The Cayley tree is not a realistic lattice; however, its amazing topology makes the exact calculation of various quantities possible. For many problems the solution on a tree is much simpler than on a
regular lattice and is equivalent to the standard Bethe-Peierls theory. On the Cayley tree one can consider two type of second ( triple) neighbours: prolonged and one(two)level. For given lattice model on a Cayley tree we produce recursive relations obtained following the lines of Inawashiro et al [3]. These recursive relations provide us the numerically exact phase diagram of the model. Each phase is characterized by a particular attractor
and the phase diagram is obtained by following the evolution and detecting the qualitative changements of these attractors. These changements can be either continuous or abrupt, respectively characterizing second- or first- order phase transitions. We present a few typical
attractors and show that for some lattice models on a Cayley tree with competing interactions their phase diagram contain modulated phase [1],[2] if and only if the Hamiltonian of corresponding lattice model contains interactions of prolonged neighbours.


Recording medium heat transfer (50) for recording an image using ink hot melt, comprising a support member (41), and a layer image receiving ink hotmelt / adhesive layer (42) I formed on said support member (41), wherein said receiving layer ink image hotmelt / adhesive layer contains at least first and second resin components, said first resin component an average molecular weight of from not less than 16,000 and having a glass transition point of -20 to 20 ° C, said second resin component an average molecular weight of from 16,000 no more and glass transition point of 50 to 180 ° C and a mixing ratio by weight of said first resin component to said second resin component is 1: 9 to 5: 5.


From the authors:

We read with interest the correspondence by B. Houltz and co-workers in which they comment on the recently suggested update of an algorithm for the functional assessment before lung resection, which forms part of the European Respiratory Society (ERS)/European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) clinical guidelines on fitness for radical therapy in lung cancer patients (surgery and chemo-radiotherapy 1. This algorithm, originally proposed in 1998 2, is based on four key parameters: 1) a cardiac evaluation according to time-honoured principles well-known in the cardiology literature (ECG, stress ECG, etc .); 2) a pulmonary evaluation with assessment of pulmonary mechanics using spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FEV1); 3) a …


The design of IP networks to support traffic engineering for both unicast and multicast traffic is a very difficult problem. This paper proposes a heuristic design algorithm called M-MENTOR that concern routing of both types of traffic. However, since multicast traffic model could be employed in many situations and could be managed by various kinds of multicast routing protocols, this paper consider only the design process of the IP networks with following features: (1) network of within the same Autonomous System (AS), (2) routing protocol support multiple weight on each link, (3) the multicast traffic from different sources share the same multicast tree. The efficiency of M-MENTOR is evaluated for various traffic demands and networks of 10, 30 and 50 node and compared with MENTOR-II. The experimental results show that, in almost all cases, M-MENTOR give better performance in term of installation cost.