The effect of organic additives, including citric acid, PEG (2000) and PEG (200), on the yield and quality of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) synthesized by a Fe–Mo catalyst dispersed on an alumina matrix prepared by the sol–gel process in assisted chemical vapour deposition (CVD) has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. Different morphologies of catalyst including big flakes, spherical particles and porous supporting materials were obtained using citric acid, PEG (2000) and PEG (200) as dispersant, respectively. SWNT yields of 10 wt%, 16 wt% and 33 wt% were obtained using citric acid, PEG (2000) and PEG (200) as the dispersants, respectively, which implies that the PEG (200) is the most effective at improving the yield of SWNTs due to the effect of additives on the specific surface area of the catalyst. The as-grown SWNTs are mostly in large bundles with diameters of 0.5–2 nm, but in some cases, isolated tubes with much larger diameters can also be found. Finally a preliminary explanation for the increased SWNT yield using PEG (200) is presented.


The K1 killer toxin of Saccharomyces cerevisiae consists of 103‐ and 83‐residue α and β components whose derivation, from a 316‐residue precursor preprotoxin, requires processing at the αN‐terminus (after ProArg‐44), the αC‐terminus (after ArgArg‐149) and at the βN‐terminus (after LysArg–233). These processing events occur after translocation to the Golgi and have been investigated using β‐lactamase fusions. Signal peptidase cleavage of the precursor, predicted to occur after Ala‐26, was confirmed by N‐terminal sequence analysis of Ala‐34 and IIe‐52 fusions. Cleavage at all of the other predicted processing sites, including ProArg‐44, is dependent on activity of the Kex2 protease. A fourth Kex2‐dependent cleavage occurs at LysArg‐188. Implications for the specificity of Kex2 cleavage and preprotoxin processing are discussed.


With the implementation of the Affordable Care Act in 2014, the number of people aged 19-64 years without healthcare coverage in the United States fell to 29 million, or 16% of that population, from a high in 2010 of 37 million (20%), a reduction that has brought the proportion to its lowest since 2003, a new survey has found.1

At the same time, the number of adults who reported they did not get care they needed in the past 12 months because of cost fell from 80 million in 2012 to 66 million in 2014, a fall from 43% to 36% of the …


We describe a methodology which allows identification and quantitation of individual triterpenes in natural mixtures, using the computer-aided analysis of their 13C NMR spectra, without previous separation. The analytical procedure was validated on artificial mixtures and applied to authentic extracts of cork. Identification of triterpenes was possible with the use of either reference spectra recorded in our laboratory or literature data.


Adhesive capsulitis also known as frozen shoulder, is a condition characterized by pain and significant loss of both active range of motion (AROM) and passive range of motion (PROM) of the shoulder. Frozen shoulder usually affects patients aged 40-70, with females affected more than males, and no predilection for race. There is a higher incidence of frozen shoulder among patients with diabetes (10-20%), compared with the general population (2-5%). There is an even greater incidence among patients with insulin dependent diabetes (36%), with increased frequency of bilateral shoulder involvement. This paper reviews the various mobilization technique like Midrange mobilization (MRM), endrange mobilization (ERM), and mobilization with movement (MWM) by Maitland, Kaltenborn, and Mulligan and other soft tissue technique like myofascial release, Active Release Therapy (ART), for management of patients with frozen shoulder.


This article reviews the progress made in lowering fertility in Thailand, and discusses strategies and needs for social development. During 1970-90, Thailand had a very successful family planning (FP) program and achieved a "reproductive revolution" (RR). Fertility declined to 1.95 children/woman. Contraceptive prevalence rose from 15-75% during 1970-95. The success of national FP is based on more methods, outlets, and practitioners. Thailand's socioeconomic context and social changes increased acceptance and readiness for FP. The culture is loosely structured and flexible; Buddhism values respect for women. Socioeconomic changes accelerated the pace of household acceptance of modern values, consumption patterns, and contraception. The opportunity cost of children increased. The RR contributed to considerable savings in public services and within families. Family wealth, women's economic activities, and children's educational attainment improved. The age structure of population resulted in a low dependency burden. The government now aims to improve quality of life. Threats to achieving higher quality of life include the increasing illegal immigration from Myanmar, the concentration of workers in the low productivity agricultural sector, and deficits in skilled workers. A human resources revolution is needed and will require training the largest population group of workers in their 30s and 40s and increasing levels of education past primary school. The human resource revolution requires applying the lessons learned from the RR and greater engagement of the private sector.


Moringa Oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae family) is a deciduous plant with tuber-like root. The tuber of the plant was isolated and examined for its starch constituent and physicochemical properties. The starch was isolated using 1 % w/v sodium metabisulphite solution. The starch obtained was found to be a pure white, crystalline, nonhygroscopic powder with a yield of about 16.31%. The starch percentage solubility at 95OC was 21.66 % with a swelling power of 18.07 and gelatinization temperature of 68OC. It has a browning temperature of 268.6 270.8OC, charring temperature of 284.5 295.7OC, water absorption capacity of 71.13 %, pH of 6.2, foam and emulsion capacities of 4 % and 7.5 % respectively. Phytochemical screening of the starch revealed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins and glycosides while the proximate analysis (in %) was found to be: fat – 14.3, ash – 0.143, crude fibre – BDL, protein – 6.125, moisture – 12.76, and carbohydrates – 66.58. The paste clarity was determined at 580 nm as a function of the starch concentration. The amylose content was also determined using a colorimetric iodine affinity procedure. Generally, the values obtained from the physicochemical characterization of Moringa Oleifera Lam starch show that it has high potential for industrial application especially in the food, textile and pharmaceutical industries. Fagbohun Adebisi et.al. 118


A probability sample of the relatively autonomous local Leagues within the League of Women Voters of the United States was used to test two hypotheses concerning the causes and effects of varying patterns of control in organizations. Both are stated in terms of dimensions of the descriptive technique known as the "control graph." The hypotheses state that the effectiveness of the local League will vary directly with the average possitive slope and the height of the local League's control curves. The data at least partially support the hypotheses.


An analysis of baseball statistics from the 26 major league baseball stadiums for five seasons (1983-1987) confirmed many commonly held beliefs about the effects of artificial playing surfaces and domed stadiums on the performance of baseball players. Specifically, it was determined that performance measures dependent on running speed and fielding are superior on artificial turf and that, other factors being equal, batting averages are higher and home runs are more frequent in domed stadiums.


The invention provides a display device and a driving method thereof. The display device is provided that can provide sufficient time for threshold voltage compensation of a driving transistor of each pixel during high-speed driving of the display device. A data writing and threshold voltage compensation step of pixels at odd and even-numbered lines are concurrently performed during an extended time period so that the time available for threshold voltage compensation of the driving transistors can be increased.


Abstract Recently, we have shown that some endocrine disruptors, heavy metals, organotins and azoles suppressed steroidogenic enzymes such as P450 side‐chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and aromatase in bullfrog ovarian follicles. In the present study, by using an amphibian ovarian follicle culture system, we examined the effects of these endocrine disruptors on maturation and ovulation of oocytes from Rana dybowskii in vitro. Ovarian fragments or isolated follicles were cultured for 24 h in a medium containing frog pituitary homogenate (FPH) or progesterone (P4) with or without endocrine disruptors, and oocyte maturation (germinal vesicle breakdown, GVBD) and ovulation were examined. Among the organotins, tributyltin (TBT) strongly inhibited both FPH‐ and P4‐induced oocyte maturation (ED50: 0.6 and 0.7 μM, respectively); however, tetrabutyltin (TTBT) and dibutyltin (DBT) showed only partial suppression, while monobutyltin (MBT) showed no inhibitory effect. All of the organotins suppressed P4‐induced oocyte ovulation very effectively at a low concentration, and TBT and DBT exerted an inhibitory effect on FPH‐induced ovulation. Among the heavy metals, mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and cobalt (Co) were very effective in inhibiting FPH‐induced oocyte maturation and ovulation, while lead (Pb), arsenite (As) and zinc (Zn) were less effective. However, all of the heavy metals suppressed FPH‐induced oocyte ovulation at a high dose (100 μM). Among the azoles, itraconazole (ICZ), ketoconazole (KCZ) and clotrimazole (CTZ) effectively inhibited FPH‐induced oocyte maturation and ovulation, while econazole (ECZ), miconazole (MCZ) and fluconazole (FCZ) were considerably less effective. These results demonstrated that the abovementioned endocrine disruptors exhibited differential effects on oocyte maturation and ovulation in amphibian follicles and that the frog ovarian culture system could be used as an effective experimental tool to screen and evaluate the toxicity of various endocrine disruptors in vitro.


It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered.


Use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, which are known to inhibit cyclooxygenase activity, reduces the relative risk of colorectal cancer in humans by 40–50%. Animal and human studies have shown a 50–80% reduction in tumour multiplicity following treatment with a variety of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Two isoforms of cyclooxygenase have been described, cyclooxygenase‐1 (COX‐1) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2). In 85% of colorectal adenocarcinomas taken from humans, COX‐2 levels are 2–50‐fold higher than levels in adjacent normal intestinal mucosa, while COX‐1 levels are unchanged. These observations raise the question: Does COX‐1 or COX‐2 provide a useful target for prevention or treatment of colorectal cancer?


Unmanned ground and air systems operating in collaboration have the potential to provide future Joint Forces a significant capability for operations in complex terrain. Collaborative Engagement Experiment (CEE) is a consolidation of separate Air Force, Army and Navy collaborative efforts within the Joint Robotics Program (JRP) to provide a picture of the future of unmanned warfare. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Material and Manufacturing Directorate, Aerospace Expeditionary Force Division, Force Protection Branch (AFRL/MLQF), The Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) Joint Technology Center (JTC)/Systems Integration Laboratory (SIL), and the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center - San Diego (SSC San Diego) are conducting technical research and proof of principle experiments for an envisioned operational concept for extended range, three dimensional, collaborative operations between unmanned systems, with enhanced situational awareness for lethal operations in complex terrain. This paper describes the work by these organizations to date and outlines some of the plans for future work.


ABSTRACT A Vibrio strain isolated from Alaskan oysters and classified by its biochemical characteristics as Vibrio alginolyticus possessed a thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin (trh) gene previously reported only in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This trh-like gene was cloned and sequenced and was 98% identical to the trh2 gene of V. parahaemolyticus. This gene seems to be functional since it was transcriptionally active in early-stationary-phase growing cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of V. alginolyticus possessing a trh gene.


The purposes of religion ritual are embodying conscience collective in society to gain sacred values. But,  ronically, in consumer society the religion ritual has been transformed to be means for excessive shopping on hysteria stage. More dramatically, television stations as motors of the culture industry to present religion spectacles use this momentum. It means that television pretends to celebrate the ritual, but in fact television only makes the largest profits.


Abstract:  This study sought to identify barriers to treatment in children with chronic inflammatory skin disease, particularly those with atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne vulgaris. Caregivers of 101 patients seen in the Children's Specialty Group Division of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, completed an 11‐item Likert scale questionnaire. This survey addressed complexity and time requirements for treatment, medication cost, vehicle formulation, perceived safety, and caregiver understanding of chronicity of skin disorders. Parents and caregivers indicated that adequate instructions for using the medications were provided but that they felt less comfortable with treating their child's skin disease during a severe flare. The complexity of treatment programs, time required to apply medications, and vehicle type were not considered prohibitive factors. Caregivers were concerned about the cost and safety of prescribed medications and had a less understanding of the chronicity of inflammatory skin disorders.


This paper was aimed to investigate the association between the ABO blood groups and H. pylori infection and to determine how much endoscopic findings are predict for the presence of active H. pylori infection. One hundred and twenty dyspeptic patients (as diagnosed by endoscopy and confirmed by histopathology) and sixty apparently healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. All subjects were underwent ABO blood grouping and Rhesus (Rh) systems determination. The results reveals higher frequency present of blood type O and the lowest frequency present of blood types A and AB among H. pylori patients compared to positive control group. The endoscopic findings showed low sensitivity in the diagnosis of H. pylori associated gastritis. In conclusion, there are considerable positive relationship between H. pylori infection and blood type O.


Problem Statement: School physical education has been identified as an important time for increasing children's physical activity. Unfortunately, children are not as active and recommended. Pedometers and goal setting may be one way to increase physical activity. The purpose of the project was to evaluate the effectiveness of a pedometer-based goal-setting and encouragement intervention on physical activity in physical education. Participants totaled 200 (n = 94 control, n = 106 intervention) 3rd and 4th graders, aged 8 to 10 years old in Southwest United States. The New Lifestyles NL-1000 physical activity monitor was utilized to measure step counts. Participating classes were randomly divided into 2 groups (control and intervention). The intervention group was given a step goal accompanied by encouragement feedback strategies including signs and verbal encouragement at regular intervals throughout the lesson. The control group was given the same lesson with no step goal or feedback. The goal was to reach 2,000 steps each lesson. An independent-samples t test was utilized to examine differences between groups. The intervention group showed a statistically significant difference in step counts compared to the control group, t(194)=-6.40, p<.001. The goal setting and pedometer group averaged 2046±406 steps while the control group averaged 1695±356. There were no differences between grades (p=.23). Findings indicated that setting goals and providing feedback for daily step counts in physical education have the ability to increase daily physical activity. Pedometers have the opportunity to motivate and encourage and are a relatively inexpensive tool that can be used in physical education.


Research aims to find knowledge of the environmental education dimensions for sustainable development included in the science book for the second grade of primary school, and the descriptive analytical method was used, to analyze the content of the science book for the second grade of primary school, 1st Edition / 2017. for the  year (2018/2019) of the dimensions of environmental education for sustainable development after excluding the chapter questions, introduction, and list of contents from the analysis.
The research tool included building a list of environmental education dimensions for sustainable development that should be provided in the science book in light of which the book's analysis process could be completed.The list included (17) sub-cases distributed among (5) major issues related to the environmental dimensions.The  researcher approved the apparent honesty, and it was presented to a group of arbitrators, and the agreement was 80%, and thus it is considered valid and usable. The explicit idea as the unit of frequency analysis is adopted as the unit of census.The researcher presented the sample of the analyzed material to a number of arbitrators, and they unanimously agreed on the validity of the analysis process, which contained the subject of the members in the human body from chapter one, included heart, lungs and stomach from the science book for the second grade of primary school.The researchers used two types of analysis consistency:1- Agreement over time.2- Agreement between analysts.
They used external analysts with experience in the analysis process, and to calculate the stability, a sample was chosen from the analyzed material representing 20% of the total content of (33) pages represented in the first unit / the human body and health / chapters 1 and 2.
The stability coefficients were from the standard, and the researchers used frequencies, percentage, and the Holste equation statistically.
It was found through the results that the environmental dimension came with (7) frequencies and a percentage of 13.73% of the total number of (51) frequencies.
The book received (51) frequencies distributed to the (3) main issues, the issue of human body and his health  In first place (17) frequency with a percentage of 33.3333%, followed by the water environment in second place with (13) frequency and a percentage of 25.4901%, the percentage of land with (11) frequency and a percentage of 21.5686% The material and its states got (8) frequencies  , with a percentage of 13.7254%. As for the Earth and the universe, it did not get many frequencies, and it was (3) frequencies and a percentage of 5.8823%.This indicates an interest in aspects and neglect of others, which makes it necessary to pay attention to neglected aspects and include them in science books


After rural tax reform and abolition of agricultural tax,rural debt problem become more prominent,affecting the stability of economic life in rural areas and hindering the pace of building new socialist countryside. The paper concluded that the larger village debt,complex creditors,multi-purpose debt,lower cost of money and debt causes diversity by carrying out analyses of rural debt problem from the aspects of debts size,debt structure,debt risks and debt causes .


In the present study we propose a new estimator for population mean Y of the study variable y in the case of stratified random sampling using the information based on auxiliary variable x. An expression for the mean squared error (MSE) of the proposed estimator is derived up to the first order of approximation. The theoretical conditions have also been verified by a numerical example. An empirical study demonstrates the efficiency of the suggested estimator over sample mean estimator, usual separate ratio, separate product estimator and other proposed estimators.


According to the problems of affecting the construction quality,the author analyzes the human factors,the material factors,the method factor and the environmental factors which produce the quality problems,puts forward the effective measures of the construction quality control to make the high quality construction products,and points out that the construction quality control is the premise of the high quality construction products.


Relative vibrational state populations are determined for the OH product in the reaction O−+HF→F−+OH(v=0,1) as a function of reactant center‐of‐mass collision energy in a flow‐drift tube. The OH(v=0,1) vibrational states are measured using laser‐induced fluorescence detection, and the relative vibrational signals are converted to absolute populations by normalizing the results at thermal energy to the absolute measurement by Hamilton et al. [Chem. Phys. Lett. 94, 4 (1983)]. At thermal energy, the OH(v=1) fractional population {OH(v=1)/[OH(v=0)+OH(v=1)]} is 0.18±0.01. At enhanced average collision energies of 9.6 and 15.4 kJ mol−1, the OH(v=1) population increases to 0.25±0.02 and 0.33±0.03, respectively. The results are considered in terms of the deep attractive well in the ion‐molecule potential‐energy surface which dominates the reaction dynamics.


Absence from work due to so-called mental health problems is of serious concern to the government, employers, and employees. Framing this concern in terms of mental health, disability and stigma is a hindrance to dealing with it effectively.


This paper describes a field and laboratory testing program conducted on the relatively weak, low plastic fine grained soils within a dam foundation. Standard Penetration Tests (SPTs) with energy measurements and Nilcon vane shear tests were conducted in situ and consolidation, triaxial and constant volume direct simple shear tests (DSS) were conducted on intact soil samples extracted from the low plastic fine grained soil layers. The DSS tests included cyclic and post-cyclic monotonic tests with and without initial static bias. The seismic behaviour of the low plastic fine grained soil layers were characterized based on their plasticity index, over consolidation ratio, SPT resistance, vane shear strengths and cyclic and post-cyclic resistance from the DSS tests, with emphasis on the results from the DSS tests. The paper presents results from the field and laboratory testing focusing on the results from cyclic and post-cyclic DSS tests.


The present study investigates the acquisition of narrative skills by bilingual Turkish children in Bulgaria. The data consist of narratives based on two series of pictures, told by three groups of Turkish children aged 7, 9 and 11. Their results are compared with the narrative skills of bilingual Turkish adults from Bulgaria. The main objective is to give a description of linguistic devices children use to introduce characters in a story.


This article deals with marriage contracts of Old Assyrian merchants and focusses on form analysis. Its contents can be summarized as follows:1. In his recent discussion of the Old Babylonian marriage, R. Westbrook has suggested that a marriage contract was in fact of "bethrothal contract". The study of some Old Assyrian marriage contracts in combination with data in some letters and records shows that a similar interpretation is also helpful for the Old Assyrian period. Marriage procedures under the contract by which Old Assyrian traders took a woman as assatum, "(first and main) wife", can be distinguished in three stages: betrothal in childhood, engagement, and marriage. The woman in question was called assatum as each stage.2. It is a well established fact that the community of Old Assyrian merchants also knew a "polygamous" marriage institution. It knew a formal marriage, sealed by a contract, with a woman designated as amtum who, however, was not a slave-girl owned by her husband or somebody else, as was the case in some Old Babylonian "polygamous" marriage contracts (cf. CH §146). Such amtum wives had a spacial legal status.3. The recently published marriage contract kt t/k 55=AKT 1 no. 77 which was indeed a contract of engagement since the final payment of simu "prices" has not been done and "the face (of the bride) is (still) unveiled", acquaints us with still another type of marriage. The bride most probably was a qadistum, whose contractual status seems to have belonged to some different category from that of an assatum and an amtum. This contract reveals that the custom of "veiling" a woman in order to fix her status, known from the Middle Assyrian Laws, was already known in the old Assyrian period. The text also acquaints us with the possibility of a marriage with a woman designated as sa'itum, "(travel) companion", who seems to have enjoyed a status of 'lover' different from that of the assatum, the amtum and the qadistum.


Abstract : Chemical laser is characteristically energized by an exoergic chemical reaction which produces the necessary population inversion of lasing species. Based on the enormous chemical energy deposit, several kinds of chemical laser now deliver the cw power outputs of megawatt magnitude, far higher than any other lasers. Accordingly, along with the improvement of gas medium homogeneity and mode-selectivity of the optical cavity chemical laser has also attained high beam quality of a near diffraction-limited divergence angle. Recent efforts in developing new chemical laser have focused on the short wavelength chemical laser system, e. g. from the early DF (iota = 3. 8 micrometer) and HF (lambda = 2. 7 micrometer) to late O2(1) Delta)-1 (lambda = 1.315 micrometer) and HF overtone transition laser (approx. 13 micrometer). At present the community of chemical physics are much interested in the visible chemical laser which may be realized by stimulated emission of an electronic excited state. (jg)


Panama Papers refers to a recent scandal of fraudulent financial transactions. This paper presents an economic network analysis of Portuguese companies and individuals with connections to offshore companies. Using Social Network Analysis techniques was possible to characterize the level of connections, the number of communities and the actors that play a central role in the network. We were able to assess the Portuguese network and identify its central actors of the network, i.e., companies with high influence in the network, in which any eventual investigation of legal compliance by Portuguese authorities should be focused on.


Distribution of the probability current and the probability density of wave packets was calculated for nanotubes and nanotube Y junctions by solving the three dimensional time-dependent Schrodinger equation for a jellium potential model of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip-nanotube-support system. Four systems were investigated: an infinite single wall nanotube (SWNT) as reference case, a capped SWNT protruding a step of the support surface, a quantum dot (finite tube without support), and a SWNT Y junction. It is found that the spatial distribution of the probability current flowing into the sample is decided by the electron probability density of the tube and by the oscillation in time of the probability current, which in turn is governed by the quasibound states on the tube. For the infinite tube the width of the axial spreading of the wave packet during tunneling is about 5 nm. When the STM tip is above that part of the tube which protrudes from the atomic scale step of the support surface it is found that the current flows ballistically along the tube and the total transmission is the same as for the infinite tube. In the case of quantum dot, however, the finite tube is first charged in a short time then it is discharged very slowly through the tip-nanotube tunnel junction. In the Y junction both the above the junction and off the junction tip positions were investigated. For a 1.2 nm displacement of the tip from the junction the wave packet still "samples" the junction point which means that in STM and scanning tunneling spectroscopy experiments the signature of the junction should be still present for such tip displacement. For all tunneling situations analyzed the tunnel current is mainly determined by the tip-nanotube junction owing to its large resistance. The tunneling event through the STM model is characterized by two time scales, the nanotube is quickly "charged" with the wave packet coming from the tip then this "charge" flows into the support 50 times slower.


The objective of the research is to identify the quality of banking services as an input to improve the marketing performance of the banks in Gaza governorates from the perspective of their customers. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, and the research community consisted of customers at Bank (Palestine Limited, Islamic Palestine, Housing, Jerusalem, Arab Bank). The study tool was a questionnaire applied to a simple random sample of customers. A total of (141) responses were recovered with a recovery rate is equal to (78%). The results of the study showed that the level of availability of the banking service quality dimensions (safety, credibility, efficiency of service providers, tact, empathy, reliability, communication, accessibility, material and human aspects, response level) in banks operating in the Gaza Strip was high from the point of view of customers. The results showed that the level of marketing performance of banks operating in the Gaza Strip from the point of view of customers was high. The results also confirmed a statistically significant relationship at the level of (α≤0.05) between the quality of banking service and marketing performance in the banks operating in the Gaza Strip from the point of view of customers. The main recommendations were: To monitor and follow up the feedback in the banking market, which includes measuring customer perceptions about the mix of services provided, their acceptance and satisfaction, and identifying the positive and negative aspects to be used. The need to work on developing a marketing information department that includes information about customers and their level of income and their social and economic status, their needs, and desires, as well as the adoption of a marketing intelligence system on the behavior of competitors and their activities until the launch of new innovative services. Work to open channels of communication between the departments of banks and customers to keep banking institutions more flexible and responsive to the aspirations of customers towards the overall banking services provided, which contributes to improve marketing performance. The need to create an appropriate banking environment for the Bank's customers to make positive use of the global financial transformations, thus contributing to the efficiency of its performance. The need to use modern marketing methods and trends in dealing with customers, which require taking their views into account to develop banking services to enhance marketing performance. The need to encourage banks to researchers and those interested in banking services to carry out applied studies and scientific research in this area, by providing them with the financial support and data required to do so.


found with singular subjects instead of was and used for 'unreal' ('irrealis') conditionals and wishes (all other verbs have a single past tense form, and so are incapable of making a distinction). It may be a little less obvious that there is similarly no strong argument for distinguishing the two uses of the simple form as two different categories (or even for distinguishing both of them from the infinitive), but is there any real difficulty in simply saying that the simple form (essentially the uninflected, and so tenseless, form) is used instead of the -5 form in certain types of subordinate clause, in the infinitive 'proper' (which also typically marks a kind of subordination) and in a few fixed expressions? And would it be so terrible if ALL of them were labelled 'infinitive', or even 'subjunctive'? What should be avoided is the assumption that grammatical categories such as 'subjunctive' are somehow IN the language, as a matter of discoverable fact. Peters ought not to talk about 'trying to explain something as the subjunctive when it is something else' (my italics). There are no absolute or agreed criteria for what is or is not the subjunctive. If that is understood, it is reasonable to use traditional terminology, but I am reminded that when J. R. Firth was asked questions such as 'Is this the subjunctive?', he would reply 'You can call it "tomato sauce" if you like'.


Abstract In January 1997, the Office of Research began research to augment OCLC SiteSearch suite of software with standard programming languages such as Java. This work evolved into the development of the Java Server Side Interpreter (JaSSI). JaSSI is now central to the architecture of OCLC SiteSearch 4.0. This article describes JaSSI and the successful migration of JaSSI to the new OCLC SiteSearch architecture.


An agile tuning voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) assembly which covers a wide tuning range with a single control voltage has been developed. The VCO assembly achieved a frequency output of 5.9-16.3 GHz using a single silicon varactor over the tuning range of 0-20 V. The VCO assembly was realized by combining specially designed wideband millimeter-wave VCO/doubler, mixer, and dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) chips.<<ETX>>


Although the exact pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is not fully understood, for more than a century ammonia has been thought to play a critical role. However, the interpretation and utility of ammonia levels in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) presenting with HE has been a long-standing source of confusion. It is a common belief in the emergency department and on the wards that a single elevated ammonia level in a patient with CLD can confirm the diagnosis of HE, and a normal level essentially rules it out. This confusion stems from the fact that early studies showed a correlation between degree of encephalopathy and the ammonia level, but numerous subsequent studies have shown that severely encephalopathic patients often have normal ammonia levels. This paper reviews the published literature on ammonia levels in patients with CLD in an attempt to clarify its value as a clinical decision-making tool in patients with suspected HE.


We have applied the technique of positron annihilation lifetime(PAL) spectroslopy to study the nature and the characteristice of amine-cured epoxy resins. The PAL measurement give information a-bout the mean free volume hole size and the distribution of the free volume hole size for the resins. The effects of the different kinds and content of the curing agent on the mechanical properties and the free volume have been disscussed.


Small and Special [2] is the database of the historic admission records for the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children. The database contains information relating to all 84,190 individual patient admissions from the day the hospital opened in February 1852 until the end of 1914, and a further 10,290 admissions to the hospital's convalescent home, Cromwell House in Highgate, covering the period 1869 when it opened, until 1904. The name is taken from Elizabeth Lomax's book, Small and Special: the Development of Hospitals for Children in Victorian Times: at approaching one million records the database can hardly be called small, but it has every claim to be special.


A high speed bit swap and power reallocation algorithm was developed to reduce the impact of variation of power-line channel characteristics on high speed power-line communication systems.The stationary characteristics of the power-line channel and existing loading date were used to develop bit swap algorithms for various optimization constraints.The bit swap algorithm rapidly swap bits and reallocate power by comparing sub-carrier power increments.The signal power spectrum limit was analyzed to extend the algorithm's limits.The simulation results show that the bit swap algorithm rapidly and optimally reallocates the bits and power between sub-carriers for a time stationary power-line channel.The bit swap and power reallocation algorithm can be an important part of dynamic spectrum optimizations of high speed power-line communications.


The utility model discloses a half-speed high-capacity nuclear turbine last-stage movable blade which comprises a shroud ring, a blade working part, an intermediate and a blade root, wherein the blade working part is provided with a tiepiece boss; the shaped wire of the blade working part is a variable-cross-section twisted blade, and the area of the cross section thereof diminishes gradually along with the rise of the height of the blade, the two adjacent cross sections twist relatively, the height of the blade working part is 1710mm, and the blade root is fir type blade root with a round angle and concentrated low stress. The last-stage movable blade with the height of 1710mm increases the area of the blade, thus effectively reducing the exhaust loss. The shaped wire of the blade working part is the variable-cross-section twisted blade designed in a three-dimensional manner, thus having better running performance with variable working situations in air-powered aspect. By being designed into a fir type structure, the blade root can greatly reduce concentrated stress, decrease the maximum stress of the blade root and a pulley groove, and improve the strength performances of resisting low cycle fatigue and stress corrosion.


Craniocervical somatosensory evoked potential(SEP)of 11 cases of apoplectic hemiplegic patients was recorded by stimulating the median nerve with acupuncture,and the abnormal SEP always showed low-flat, fuzzy and dentate shaped wave amplitude,on N16(Component of thalamus).N18 and N30(Component of cortex) of focal side,which was difficult to identify,it even disappeared altogether.Some of those cases revealed that the time of peak latent period delayed.Under the function of acupuncture,abnormal component of most patients obviously restored to normal range within 20 minutes after needling,which was symmetrical with healthy side. Most patients maintained the results 20 minutes after the withdrawal of the needle.It was found that the SEP was not significantly different between needling healthy or focal side.namely,effects of acupuncture,act on nerve centre of both side carried out the adjusting function.


Although many studies of the physiology and pharmacology of small blood vessels in human subjects have been undertaken, a number of technical problems exist which make a direct investigational approach difficult. The sites that can be utilized for experimental work are few, and all the available areas have inherent limitations. In the fundus oculi, local pharmacologic agents cannot be studied and higher magnifications are not possible; mucosal surfaces are awkward to approach. Skin surfaces and conjunctiva have been most widely utilized with the standard techniques of capillary microscopy, but here, too, technical problems supervene. Difficulty in visualizing more than the most superficial vessels, gross movements, focusing difficulty at high power, and inability to obtain adequate lighting have limited efforts largely to still photography at relatively low power. In the study of vascular responses to pharmacologic and neurogenic stimuli a high power cinematographic record is desirable in order to analyze precisely the changes of caliber and flow rate in the smallest vessels. In work on human skin, it is not feasible to use the transmitted light techniques which would allow relatively easy cinematography of animal preparations such as the mesentery and rabbit ear chambers. Reflected lighting must be used and intense light sources are necessary; these produce vasodilation and at times actual thermal burns of the skin. Although cinematography of the human cutaneous microcirculation has been attempted in the past,l4 It has generally proven too difficult technically to be of practical value. Some of the difficulties can be overcome by employing a television camera system. Television microscopy has been successfully employed in the study of other biologic systems and was first utilized by Florey and Zworykin', s and by Parpart .7 With this system electronic amplification can be used, contrast enhanced, and a reflected cool light source of moderate intensity


Ultrasound elastography is to extract the elastic characteristics of the organization and a new imaging technology,It make up for the shortcomings that traditional medical imaging modality can not provide direct tissue elasticity.and it is widely used in clinical,especially in the superficial organs application has been carried out in full swing,And further used in the diagnosis of diseases of other organs,become a hot research topic in medical elastography.This article describes the basic principles of elastography,and focuses on the UE in the breast,thyroid and prospects for development in clinical applications.


This paper includes a study investigating the structural characteristics of concrete with the use of Granite Fines. Water to cement ratio was maintained to 0.55 throughout the project. Concrete was prepared with granite fines as a replacement of fine aggregate in 5 different percentages namely 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% and relevant tests have been carried out on strength such as compressive strength, Split tensile strength and Flexural strength. For each percent 4 specimens and a total of 20 specimens were casted for 7 days and 28 days testing separately and it was arrived that optimum replacement of sand by Granite fines was 15%.For the durability tests such as water absorption and porosity 15 cubes were casted and these results were compared with the conventional concrete.The test results indicates that partial replacement of sand with granite fines has beneficial effect onthe mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete and also durable.


The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between hospital vertical integration into Sub-Acute Care (SAC) and financial and organizational performance. Transaction Cost Economics (T...


A hybrid LES/CAA approach to simulate sound fields generated by aeroacoustic and thermoacoustic effects will be presented. Acoustic perturbation equations are used, which are capable to describe acoustic wave propagation in a non-uniform mean flow such that the computational domain of the flow simulation has to comprise only the significant acoustic source region. The input data to evaluate the acoustic source terms are generated by an LES computation in a flow region that contains all major acoustic sources. Special emphasis is put on combustion noise for which a sound field of an unbounded flame is simulated. A fourth-order DRP-Scheme (Dispersion Relation Preserving) [4] for spatial discretization and an LDDRK-Scheme (Low Dissipation and Low Dispersion Runge Kutta) for time integration are used. Since the sound radiation is simulated for an unbounded domain the sponge layer technique is used to avoid unphysical numerical reflections.


Bourgeois theory tends to separate carefully the domains of culture and politics. Its notion of the autonomy of art is particularly indispensible for countering arguments which conceive the relation between culture and politics as historically changing. One of the essential achievements of Critical Theory has been to dissolve this seeming opposition and make visible the objective link between the two. The category of the culture industry, introduced by Adorno and Horkheimer in 1944, contains this very insight. What it does not deal with is the concept of the public sphere. This question was taken up by Jiirgen Habermas in his study Strukturwandel der Offentlichkeit (Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere) (1962) and has generally defined the mass culture debate within the younger generation of the Frankfurt School. Even when Habermas has been contradicted, it is usually within the framework of his theory. The intensive and sometimes decidedly polemic argument about the history, present state and future of the public sphere has always been at the same time a discussion about the conditions and possibilities of culture in an advanced capitalist society. Habermas' theory of the public sphere offered a model for unravelling the political and social element in the concept of culture. Yet this assertion is still too general. The essentially political character of culture was certainly familiar to the older Frankfurt School. One has only to recall Herbert Marcuse's essay "Uber den affirmativen Charakter der Kultur" ("The Affirmative Character of Culture") (1937)' and Walter Benjamin's works from the 1930s in which the political function of cultural production was emphasized. Habermas' work presupposes these studies. His theory of the public sphere must be understood as an attempt to reformulate the dialectical relationship of the socio-cultural and political system (to introduce his later terminology). The theory of the culture industry, as it was developed in the Dialectic of Enlightenment, needed historical grounding. The difference between the classical analysis of mass culture by Horkheimer and Adorno and the description of disintegration in the public sphere by Habermas is not so much at the level of subject matter and its critical


Distributed Generation (DG) has substantially increased around the world and represents an important means of developing renewable energy power generation. The current levels of DG penetration in the Brazilian distribution networks do not cause significant impact on MV grids. However, the LV networks could face negative impacts, especially on voltage. Therefore, this paper presents how AMI data could improve DG impact studies in LV distribution networks. The results obtained using AMI data were compared with traditional methods used in distribution for load allocation. The distribution feeder and the AMI information were obtained from the Smart City Búzios project, implemented in Búzios, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The analysis on voltage were performed using the OpenDSS software. The results show that the traditional load allocation techniques could overlook excessive voltage rise. Therefore, AMI could provide important data to perform DG impact studies on LV distribution networks.


For the unsymmetrical bandwidth in HFC network, this paper proposes a data transmission scheme of Cable Modem based on DOCSIS1.1. This scheme can meet different kinds of data's demands. It can guarantee fine grading data transmission management and low ratio of packet loss. Then, this paper proves the validity of the scheme. Lastly, in order to improve the quality of data transmission, it gives the difficulties and research perspective in the future.


A novel stereo camera architecture has been proposed by some researchers recently. It consists of a single digital camera and a mirror adaptor attached in front of the camera lens. The adaptor functions like a pair of periscopes which split the incoming light to form two stereo images on the left and right half of the image sensor. This novel architecture has many advantages in terms of cost, compactness, and accuracy, relative to a conventional stereo camera system with two separate cameras. However, straightforward extension of the traditional calibration techniques were found to be inaccurate and ineffective. Therefore we present a new technique which fully exploits the physical constraint that the stereo image pair have the same intrinsic camera parameters such as focal length, principle point and pixel size. Our method involves taking one image of a calibration object and estimating one set of intrinsic parameters and two sets of extrinsic parameters corresponding to the mirror adaptor simultaneously. The method also includes lens distortion correction to improve the calibration accuracy. Experimental results on a real camera system are presented to demonstrate that the new calibration technique is accurate and robust.


The nonlocal problems have been used to model very different applied scientific phenomena, which involve the fractional Laplacian when one looks at the L\'{e}vy processes and stochastic interfaces. This paper deals with the nonlocal problems on a bounded domain, where the stiffness matrices of the resulting systems are Toeplitz-plus-tridiagonal and far from being diagonally dominant, as it occurs when dealing with linear finite element approximations. By exploiting a weakly diagonally dominant Toeplitz property of the stiffness matrices, the optimal convergence of the two-grid method is well established [Fiorentino and Serra-Capizzano, {\em SIAM J. Sci. Comput.}, {17} (1996), pp. 1068--1081; Chen and Deng, {\em SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl.}, {38} (2017), pp. 869--890]; and there are still questions about best ways to define coarsening and interpolation operator when the stiffness matrix is far from being weakly diagonally dominant [St\"{u}ben, {\em J. Comput. Appl. Math.}, {128} (2001), pp. 281--309]. In this work, using spectral indications from our analysis of the involved matrices, the simple (traditional) restriction operator and prolongation operator are employed in order to handle general algebraic systems which are {\em neither Toeplitz nor weakly diagonally dominant} corresponding to the fractional Laplacian kernel and the constant kernel, respectively. We focus our efforts on providing the detailed proof of the convergence of the two-grid method for such situations. Moreover, the convergence of the full multigrid is also discussed with the constant kernel. The numerical experiments are performed to verify the convergence with only $\mathcal{O}(N \mbox{log} N)$ complexity by the fast Fourier transform, where $N$ is the number of the grid points.


The plant of Plumeria rubra blooms but has no seeds.The study on this species was conducted to discover the cause of its sterility.The development of embryo sac and pollen were both normal using section observation on female and male organ and pollen germination in vitro,and pollen in vitro could germinate pollen tubes.The cylinder of corolla is about 1cm length,and its basal has high humidity.When blooming,the pistil stigma and anthers can not elongate out the cylinder.Therefore,the anthers staying inside humid cylinder can not dehisce and release pollen,which makes obstacle for pollination,and finally causes sterility.


A search for potent toxins that inhibit neuronal calcium chahnels in Drosophila melanogaster has resulted in the identification of a presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom of the hunting spider Hololena curia. Using Drosophila neuromuscular junction as an assay, presynaptic Inhibitory activity was purified using gel filtration and reverse-phase HPLC. Data from gel electrophoresis indicate that the toxin is composed of two different subunits of Mr 7000 and 9000. At nanomolar concentrations the toxin produced a complete and long-lasting inhibition of synaptic transmission at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction without affecting the amplitudes of the spontaneously occurring miniature junction potentials. The block of transmission produced by the toxin was observed even during the direct depolarization of the motor nerve terminal. These physiological results indicate that the terminal is the site of action for the toxin. Indirect evidence using abnormally excitable Drosophila mutants suggests that the toxin is inhibiting transmitter release by altering the electrical properties of the nerve terminal rather than by interfering with nonelectrical events that may occur subsequent to calcium ififlux. All of the actions of the Hololena toxin can be explained by a specific and direct effect on presynaptic calcium channels in Drosophila motor neurons. The utility of the genetics and molecular biology ofDrosophila melanogaster for the understanding of complex biological processes has been evident for many years (1). The ability to characterize mutants by using routine electrophysiological techniques, as well as by using new immunocytochemical markers for insect neurons, has further increased the kinds of neurophysiological questions that can be successfully approached in Drosophila (2, 3). However, the application of specific, high-affinity ligands (e.g., a-bungarotoxin) to study molecules that are important in neural function has generally been more productive in vertebrate than in insect preparations. This has been due partly to a relative paucity of such ligands that are active in insects. Recently, for example, a toxin isolated from the venom of the fish-hunting sea snail, Conus geographus, was shown to irreversibly block calcium currents in the neurons of certain vertebrates (4, 5) but the toxin is apparently without effect in Drosophila (D. Yoshikami, personal communication). Because insects are the natural prey of many species of spiders, the venoms of arachnids are a natural source of toxins that disrupt synaptic transmission in insects (6). In particular, the venom of the spider Hololena curta has recently been shown to contain potent postsynaptic toxins that appear to irreversibly block excitatory glutamate receptors in certain insects and birds (6, 7). We report here the isolation of a neurotoxin from the venom of the spider, H. curta, that produces a chronic blockade of neuromuscular transmission in the larvae of D. melanogaster via a presynaptic mechanism. All of the data support the hypothesis that the Hololena toxin produces a specific and persistent blockade of presynaptic calcium channels in this preparation. MATERIALS AND METHODS General Electrophysiology. The larvae were prepared for electrophysiology as described previously (2). Briefly, latethird instar larvae were pinned to a layer of Sylgard (Dow Corning) and opened by a midline dorsal incision. Internal organs were removed, exposing the large striated muscles of the larval wall and their respective motor nerves. Intracellular recordings of the larval muscle cells were made with reference to a bath ground using 15-25 MO glass electrodes filled with 3 M KCl and a chloridized silver wire in the bath. Suction electrodes with inner-tip diameters of 10-20 Am were used for stimulation ofthe distal cut ends of the motor nerves. All recordings were done at room temperature and, unless otherwise noted, in 2.0 ml of physiological saline with the following composition: 108.5mM NaCl/4.2mM KCl/3.4mM MgCl2/0.42 mM CaCl2/30.5 mM sucrose/19 mM Hepes, pH 7.1. For routine assay of venom fractions, muscle cells were required to have a membrane potential of at least 30 mV, a stable nerve-evoked excitatory junction potential (EJP) of at least 10 mV, and obvious spontaneous miniature EJPs (mEJPs). One unit of activity was defined as the amount of toxin required to produce a clear failure of the evoked EJP in 5 min. Due to the relative irreversibility of the toxin's action, this time-dependent assessment of activity was more convenient than the eventual degree of block. In general, the amount of an active fraction that produced 1 unit of activity was determined for gross comparisons between fractions. All drugs, including venom fractions, were added as a bolus to the side of the bath and mixed using a Pasteur pipet. For the toxin wash-out experiment, constant perfusion of the dish with toxin-free saline solution was done at a rate of 3 ml (1.5 dish volumes) per min. In addition, the entire fluid content of the dish was rapidly (<15 s) removed and replaced with fresh toxin-free saline using a Pasteur pipet three times at the beginning of the perfusion and twice every 20 min during the 2-hr perfusion. The quantal content of the evoked signal was estimated by dividing the average amplitude of the evoked EJP (n 2 100) by the average amplitude of the spontaneous mEJP (n . 50). Direct Stimulation of Nerve Terminals. Nerve terminals were depolarized directly in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) by moving the tip of the stimulating electrode close to the muscle and noting that the EJPs were now graded (rather than "all or nothing") with respect to stimulus intensity. Abbreviations: EJP, excitatory junction potential; mEJP, miniature excitatory junction potential; CF3COOH, trifluoroacetic acid; TTX, tetrodotoxin; TEMED, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine. *To whom reprint requests should be addressed. 3506 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84 (1987) 3507 These graded potentials were sensitive to CoCl2 (1 mM) and/or glutamate desensitization demonstrating that the potentials were due to presynaptic release of transmitter rather than direct depolarization of the muscle cell. Extracellular Recordings. The repetitive spikes in the Drosophila double mutant, ether-a-go-go, Shaker (eag, ShrKOl20), were recorded extracellularly by drawing a loop of motor nerve into a recording suction electrode similar to that used for stimulation. The loop of recorded nerve was always between the stimulating electrode and the muscle. The same electronics were used for extracellular recording as for the intracellular records. The CaCl2 concentration for these extracellular recordings was lowered to 0.1 mM to enhance the prolonged EJP in the mutants (see refs. 8-10). Gel Filtration Chromatography. A 50 x 1.5-cm column of Sephadex G-50 (fine) equilibrated with a solution of 50 mM NaCl in 0.1 M acetic acid at 40C was used at a flow rate of 7.2 ml/hr. Ten-minute fractions were collected in silane-treated borosilicate tubes during on-line spectrophotometric detection at 280 nm. Fractions were assayed, and active fractions were lyophilized and resuspended in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (CF3COOH)/18% acetonitrile for analysis with HPLC. HPLC. Lyophilized samples for HPLC were solubilized with 0.1% CF3COOH/18% acetonitrile and injected from a silane-treated Hamilton syringe onto a C18 reverse-phase Vydac (Hesperia, CA) column (25 x 0.46 cm), preequilibrated with degassed 0.1% CF3COOH, via a Waters U6K injection system at room temperature. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. Protein peaks were detected on-line by measuring absorbance at 214 nm. Material was eluted with a linear gradient of acetonitrile (0-24% in 0.1% CF3COOH) over 10 min followed by isocratic elution as shown in Fig. 2. Fractions were collected every 0.8 min in silane-treated polyethylene tubes, lyophilized, and resuspended in 18% acetonitrile/0.1% CF3COOH. Fractions were always stored at -70°C. Protein content was estimated by multiplying the absorbance at 280 nm by 0.6 (coefficient obtained using bovine serum albumin as standard). NaDodSO4/PAGE. Discontinuous NaDodSO4/PAGE was performed by a modification of the technique of Hildebrandt et al. (11). The separating gel was 1 mm thick and :10 cm long. This portion of the gel was made in 0.37M Tris HCl, pH 8.9/0.1% NaDodSO4/0.01% NN,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) and consisted of a gradient from 10% acrylamide/2.8% bisacrylamide/4M urea/0.01% ammonium persulfate to 20o acrylamide/5.5% bisacrylamide/8 M urea/ 0.02% ammonium persulfate. The stacking gel was -4 cm long and consisted of 5% acrylamide/1.4% bisacrylamide in 62.5 mM Tris HCl, pH 6.9/0.1% NaDodSO4/0.1% TEMED polymerized at 0.02% ammonium persulfate. Samples were prepared for electrophoresis by boiling for 5 min in Laemmli sample buffer (12) with or without 5% 2-mercaptoethanol for reduced and nonreduced conditions respectively. Molecular weight standards were a myoglobin digest obtained from Pharmacia. To assess the possibility that boiling for S min in the presence of 5% 2-mercaptoethanol did not produce complete reduction of the toxin, some samples were reduced by alternate procedures as follows: (t0 boiling 10 min with 5% 2-mercaptoethanol in sample buffer, (it) boiling 10 min with 5% 2-mercaptoethanol and 4 M urea in sample buffer, (iii) boiling 10 min with 2.5% dithiothreitol in place of 2-mercaptoethanol, (iv) boiling 10 min with 0.5% 1,4-dithiothreitol in 0.25 M NH4HCO3, pH 8.1/2% NaDodSO4/10% glycerol followed by alkylation with iodoacetamide (20 mg/ml). Gels were run at 100 V for 8-10 hr after which they were stained with Coomassie blue, destained, and silver stained according to the method of Wray et al. (13). Spider


The invention relates to a piston air compressor comprising a suction chamber and a connection chamber separated from the suction chamber. According to the invention, an air channel is provided from the connection chamber to the suction chamber.


This paper investigates the dynamics of evolutionary networked games with different length information via semitensor product (STP) method. First, a networked game with different length information is modeled by a probabilistic Boolean network (PBN) with time delays. Second, a control networked game is considered and its algebraic form is given. Finally, an example is presented to substantiate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.


In this project, we study the properties of a non-trivial topological system which exhibits localized edge states. In our study, we adress the Kitaev chain, a one-dimensional chain of atoms deposited on top of a p-wave superconductor that induces superconductivity in the chain by proximity effect. We establish a correspondence between the Kitaev chain and a tight-binding lattice with a particular geometry for a particular case of the system parameters. This correspondence allows one to find the exact energy levels and eigenstates of the Kitaev chain when t=|\Delta| and \mu=0 for an arbitrary chain size.


Space is not a privilege of the greatest economic powers anymore. As a result of constantly decreasing costs and technological advancements, even small companies with small budgets can take part in the Space Race of 21st century. Small and microsatellites are the perfect platforms for this and their use cases are constantly expanding. However, the more and more diverse payloads are worthless without the fundamental subsystems such as the onboard computer, power supplies, wireless communication unit or the subsystem which is responsible for the orientation of the satellite. Therefore, a need arises for the development of a universal satellite platform that provides the essentials for different payloads and scientific research equipment designed by third parties. Thus, for creating a standardised, cost-effective and flexibly expandable, therefore more accessible small satellite platform. The authors describe a universal CubeSat platform that meets the above requirements, elaborating in detail the challenging development process which demands unique solutions, the advantages of highly reliable software technologies and the potential provided by such a platform.


Abstract This paper starts from the current debate on 'the post-political condition' and seeks to assess its implications for our understanding of the nature of the wave of protests since 2011. While such protests have important shared elements as well as local triggers, the argument here is that they highlight the gradual emergence of a contestatory cosmopolitan imaginary that increasingly challenges the dominant neoliberal political rationality.


In the fields of robotics and artificial intelligence, there have been gradually increasing the works dealing with the human-agent interactions, such as pet-robot developments for entertainment, humanoid robot applications, interactive teaching systems, and so on. The most of researchers engaged in these fields just have aimed at developing intelligent agents and referred to the unavoidable nature of human, i.e. we could implicitly adapt to the artificial systems. However, interacting continually with these agents makes human boring as time goes by, since humans could be gradually accustomed to the pre-designed behavior selection manners, which are embedded in them in advance. So as to actualized continual and active interactions between the agent and the user, it seems to be crucial that the both possess not only intrinsic behaviors but adaptation abilities and also affective systems. Based on the consideration, this paper proposes an interactive system design methodology by focusing on evaluation criteria for the adaptation mechanism of artificial agent.


Introduction: The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a semipermeable border that is responsible for maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis in the brain. Screening compounds based on their BBB permeability is an important consideration for CNS-acting drug development. Several studies have attempted to link physicochemical properties to specific BBB permeability; however, there is no widely accepted rule that can determine how and to what extent molecular properties affect the BBB permeability of compounds. To understand the complex phenomenon of BBB permeability, we explored the vast molecular space of the compounds to determine whether some features could differentiate the compounds based on their BBB permeability. Materials and Methods: A dataset of 1951 compounds containing 1246 BBB-permeable and 705 BBB-nonpermeable molecules was used in the study. Each compound encoded 499 molecular features. Feature selection was performed using feature selection algorithms, feature-to-feature, and feature-to-permeability correlation analysis. The findings of the feature selection algorithms were merged to select the best set of 53 features. Results: The descriptive analysis of the molecular features suggests that nCXr (number of X on ring C[sp3]) feature values for BBB nonpermeable compounds are zero for all considered compounds except for compounds with PubChem ID 71260, Flurithromycin. In addition, the majority of compounds were found to have nCrq (number of ring quaternary C[sp3]) feature values of zero for BBB nonpermeable compounds. For BBB-permeable compounds, MACCS fingerprints 8 feature values for all 1951 compounds were found to be zero except for the compound with PubChem ID 146291, Dezinamide. Conclusion: The descriptive and nonparametric tests confirm that molecular feature distributions are significantly different for BBB permeable and BBB nonpermeable compounds. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Medical knowledge.


This study is devoted to the hydrothermal oxidation of aluminum—the exothermic process in which hydrogen and aluminum oxide (or hydroxide) are produced. In this work, the influence of the chemical purity of aluminum on the conversion degree of coarse aluminum at hydrothermal oxidation was studied. Distilled water and coarse granules of aluminum with an average size of ~7–10 mm and three different aluminum purities—99.7, 99.9, and 99.99%—were used in the experiments. The oxidation experiments were carried out inside a 5 liter autoclave in an isothermal mode at temperatures from 200 to 280 °C, with a step of 20 °C. The holding time at the set temperature varied from 4 to 10 h. It was shown that the chemical purity of aluminum considerably influences the oxidation kinetics. More chemically pure aluminum oxidizes much faster, e.g., at a temperature of 280 °C and a holding time of 10 h, the conversion degree of granules with a chemical purity of 99.9% and 99.7% was less than 2%, while 99.99% aluminum was almost fully oxidized. The conversion degree of 99.99% aluminum decreased with the reduction in temperature and holding time, to 66–68% at 280 °C, 4 h, and 2–3% at 200 °C, 10 h.


Health Concerns of Black Americans"This is an important book--a vital source for policy makers and for all citizens concerned with issues of importance to the nation and to the black community."--John E. Jacob, president and CEO, National Urban League, Inc.A detailed look at how health risks such as AIDS, chemical depAndency, cancer, violence, sickle-cell anemia, infant mortality, and lead poisoning are affecting the black community. It offers health professionals helpful strategies for providing improved health care and disease prevention efforts to this population.


historical developments' (p. 34). In this sense, genealogy is based on a perspectival method since it seeks to interpret the past through its discontinuities, through a deconstruction of what was previously normalised as truth. Following these theoretical explorations, Sembou discusses in two final chapters the differences and similarities between Hegel's phenomenology and Foucault's genealogy, and also their significance and implications for the social sciences. It is particularly interesting to understand how both philosophers placed under discussion the notions of 'truth' and 'science', questioning the relationship between object/subject and breaking the duality of reason/nature, universal/particular, theory/praxis and mind/ body (p. 1). According to Sembou, Hegel's and Foucault's major implication for the social sciences is that 'truth is not out there waiting to the discovered; it is not transcendent and it does not exist apart from human experience' (p. 68). Therefore, philosophers are a product of their time in which philosophy is a result of social and political contexts. In this sense, Sembou's book is highly recommended for those who are interested in getting an in-depth understanding of phenomenology and genealogy as critical theories, which are dialectically related to exploring the experience of knowledge in human nature and human activity. Sembou's non-foundationalist perspective of Hegel's and Foucault's thought concludes with the notion that 'knowledge without presuppositions is possible' (p. 101), which invites a more reflexive social science.


Spores of the fern Colysis latiloba reared in Knop's medium with various concentration of sucrose ranging from 0 to 6 % germinated after two weeks. Only 15% spores germinated in the medium without sucrose. Maximum spore germination 86% was observed in the medium wit h 1% sucrose. Pre-germination stages were almost similar in all the cases. This species exhibited bipolar germination. The gametoph yte was thalloid, dorsoventrally flattened and spatulate. Sex organs were not observed up to 23 weeks, which indicates development of apogamous sporophyte.


CASTILHO, V. C. (2003). Optimization of precast prestressed elements using genetic algorithms. Sao Carlos, 283p. Ph.D Thesis. Escola de Engenharia de Sao Carlos, Universidade de Sao Paulo. This work aims to optimize the production cost of hollow core panels and prestressed joists using Genetic Algorithms (GAs). The proposal of such an algorithm was inspired by the principle of natural selection of individuals, where the most 'capable' tends to remain in the population and reproduce, passing its genetic code onto the next generation. In some cases, this method can achieve good solutions when compared with conventional methods of optimization. The main goal of the work is to investigate AG as a technique for the minimization of the function cost of hollow core panel and prestressed joist applications. The analysis takes account of the verifications of the precast elements in the transitory stages as production, transportation and erection. The function cost is evaluated within the Brazilian context. The research compares the results using GAs with those using a conventional method, the Augmented Lagrangian. The results provide evidence the effectiveness of the GAs with relation to a conventional method. The research considers three families of the simple GA, searching to identify, among them, the adjusted variant in the search of the solution of the problems. Key-words: hollow core panel, prestressed joist, slabs, genetic algorithm, structural optimization, Augmented Lagrangian


The coffee plant is subject to pests that can cause considerable damage to the producer. The pest that concerns most the Brazilian coffee growers is the coffee leaf miner (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae). One way to make the biological control of the coffee leaf miner is through predatory wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Researchers claim that for performing this type of control is important to know the spatial distribution in the coffee plantation of both the coffee leaf miner and the predatory wasp. There is also evidence that the spatial distribution of these species can be influenced by weather conditions. The aim of this work was to test whether or not there is a difference between the


Lepomis cyanellus were fed 10, 20, or 40 Leptorhynchoides thecatus cystacanths, and examined after 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, or 56 days. Some cystacanths remained in the stomach 1 day, and in the small intestine for 7 days. By 14 days, worms were restricted to the pyloric ceca and mesenteries. Parenteric L. thecatus, first observed at 14 days, were encapsulated and destroyed by host cells. After 8 wk, cecal males averaged 3.7 mm in length, and females, 4.8 mm. The number of worms recovered from fish fed 40 cystacanths declined between days 3 and 14, to levels similar to those observed in fish fed 20 cystacanths. No decline was detected at either of the lower dosages. Leptorhynchoides thecatus establishes and matures in the pyloric ceca of this host species. Parasites that enter the mesenteries must be capable of surviving in the alimentary canal for at least 7 days. Lepomis cyanellus is a poor transport host for L. thecatus. Parasite activation and site selection are density-independent processes, but establishment and survival are apparently density-dependent. Lepomis cyanellus provides sufficient resources for the establishment of 10 to 15 L. thecatus. Excess parasites are lost within 14 days. Surveys indicate that Leptorhynchoides thecatus is a common, widely distributed parasite of centrarchid fishes in North America (Lincicome and Van Cleave, 1949; Lang and Edson, 1976; Samuel et al., 1976). However, DeGiusti's (1949) experimental infections of Ambloplites rupestris, performed to confirm the life cycle, are the sole source of information regarding growth, maturation, site selection, and parenteric migration. Each infection was initiated with a fixed, relatively small (10) number of cystacanths, and thus little information on parasite survival and population processes was provided. Weekly recruitment of L. thecatus in Lepomis macrochirus tethered in Gull Lake, Michigan, has been studied (Esch et al., 1976), but the results are puzzling. Although pyloric ceca are considered the primary infection site (DeGiusti, 1949; Venard and Warfel, 1953), Esch et al. (1976) found only 25% of newly recruited L. thecatus in the ceca. Tethered fish recruited L. thecatus throughout the summer, but an accumulation of parasites in untethered fish from the vicinity of the cages was not documented. In the absence of concomitant loss, accumulation is a necessary consequence of a continuous recruitment process. Received 6 April 1981; revised 29 June 1981, 20 October 1981; accepted 9 December 1981. * Present address: 15 Ridgeland Circle, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492. Clearly, there are considerable gaps in our knowledge of this ubiquitous parasite of fishes. Our study, designed to examine population processes in Lepomis cyanellus, an important host in northern Nebraska (Samuel et al., 1976), provides new information on growth, maturation, site selection, and parenteric infections. Many conclusions DeGiusti (1949) derived from A. rupestris cannot be extended to L. cyanellus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leptorhynchoides thecatus were obtained from naturally infected fish seined at Rice Creek, Oswego Co., New York. Eggs were refrigerated at 4 C within female worms until used to infect amphipods. Hyalella azteca, obtained from Lancaster Co., Nebraska, were exposed to eggs for 1 day in small, aerated plastic cups. The entire contents of the cup were then poured into 9 x 19 x 30-cm plastic culture boxes containing water and algae. In order to allow for growth and development of cystacanths, amphipods were maintained in aerated culture boxes for at least 35 days, and fed spinach. Cystacanths were dissected from amphipods and held up to 1 hr in 0.25% saline before being fed to fish. Several batches of amphipods were required to obtain sufficient parasites for this study. The relative infectivity of parasites from certain batches was quite low, and fish fed less infective cystacanths were excluded from portions of the analysis. Lepomis cyanellus were obtained in Lancaster Co., Nebraska, where Leptorhynchoides thecatus does not occur (Samuel et al., 1976). Fish were isolated in 4-liter glass jars, and fed canned Ken-L-Ration dog food at 2or 3-day intervals. Prior to the experimental period, fish were trained to accept foodfilled No. 5 gelatin capsules. Any fish larger than 55


In this paper we explained the framework which detect pNstage of breast cancer in WSIs. We used ResNet-50 for detecting the tumor cells and for evaluating the expansion of cancer regions in WSI. Our model is able to directly predict segmentation of tumor regions. The proposed network is evaluated on the Camelyon17 benchmark, where we obtain the state-of-the-art results.


AIM: To assess the prevalence of dental anxiety(DA) among adult patients in dental clinics and the relevant factors contributing to DA.METHODS:A questionaire survey was conducted with 229 adult patients(116 male,113 female),aged 18 years old and over.All participants completed the dental anxiety scale(DAS).Level of DA was evaluated by DAS.RESULTS: The mean DAS score was 10.45±3.33.Prevalence rates of DA was 26.6%.Sex,direct trauma dental experience,indirect trauma dental experience,pain tolerance level and emotional tension level showed statistically significant influence on DA(P0.05);but nationality,education level and most fearful therapy showed no statistical significance on DA(P0.05).Risk factors of DA included indirect trauma dental experience,pain tolerance level and most fearful therapy(P0.05),At the same time,lying in the chair,painful feeling after anaesthesia and more treatment needed were also risk factors of DA among the cases resulting in dental anxiety(P0.05).CONCLUSION: DA is a multifactor associated disease.Our results indicate that DA are more likely to be experienced by adult female who have painful direct or indirect trauma dental experience,lower pain tolerance level and higher emotional tension level.Indirect trauma dental experience,pain tolerance level,most fearful therapy,lying in the chair,painful feeling after anaesthesia and more treatment needed are risk factors of DA.


In the present study, the Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) of Chlorella sp. USTB-01 purified and characterized. Molecular weight of ACCase was calculated to be about 456 kD and was comprised of two identical subunits of 229 kD. The enzymatic characteristics isoelectric point was 6.7. Moreover, a rapid and sensitive assay of High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was established to measure overall activity of ACCase in low protein content condition by detect the ACCase activity by measuring ADP production and Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA).


The present single-blind, randomized clinical study, analyze a commercially avaliable anti-calculus dentifrice, containig tetrasodium pyrosphosphate, in contrast with another conventional dentifrice. The study was conducted on 26 adults subjects, from both sexes that showed supragingival calculus on all their anterior mandibular teeth quantified by the Volpe et al (1965). The subject was divided in two groups, test and control. After recording calculus index, the subject received conventional periodontal treatment, as well instruction about the use of dental floss and the dentifrice (twice daily) for a period of 16 weeks, and also was forbidden to use any other hygiene method during the study. There was no statistically significant difference between anticalculus dentifrice and control dentifrice under experimental conditions and the period of this study. It was concluded that the tetrasodium pyrophosphate concentration may be not enough to provide a significant reduction on the accumulation of supragingival calculus. UNITERMS: dental calculus, dentifrices. Declaracao de conflitos de interesse e fomento: Os autores declaram a inexistencia de conflito de interesse e apoio financeiro relacionados ao presente artigo. Revista Perio Marco 20114a REV 21-03-11.indd 53 21/03/2011 11:05:04 R. Periodontia 21(1):49-54 54 Endereco para correspondencia: Bruna de Carvalho Farias Rua Jose Aderval Chaves, 264 / 402, Boa Viagem CEP: 51111-030 Recife PE Brasil


FIELD: genetic engineering, medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to isolated DNA encoding human peptide related to urocortin and peptide named as urocortin II. These peptides are relative with corticotropin-releasing factor and involves in mechanisms for initiation of hypophysis-suprarenal responses for the stress. Pharmaceutical composition comprising such peptide in combination with acceptable vehicle can be used in treatment of pathophysiological states, such as enhanced body temperature, appetite disorder, congestive cardiac insufficiency, stress, anxiety state and undesirable low levels of ACTH. EFFECT: valuable medicinal properties of urocortin proteins. 33 cl, 27 dwg, 2 tbl, 16 ex


The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pain and hip muscle strength and flexibility on functional status of females with the Patellofemoral pain syndrome. This cross sectional study was conducted at Chaudhary Mohammad Akram hospital, Sports and Spine center and Ehsan rehabilitation center on a sample of 40 females. Non-probability, purposive sampling was used. Kujala score was used to measure the functional status of females with PFPS. Pain was measured through Visual analogue scale (VAS) and hip muscle strength and flexibility were tested through manual muscle testing (MMT) and special tests respectively. Linear regression was used to assess the effect of pain, muscle strength and flexibility on functional status using Kujala score as dependent variable. Pain explained 37.6% variation in the functional status of females with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Prediction of the functional status of females with PFPS by pain along with gluteus maximus strength was statistically significant (p=.000). The study concludes that pain in unilateral squat and strength of hip extensors are better predictors of functional status in females with patellofemoral pain syndrome. However, Hip muscle flexibility is not a good predictor of functional status.


Homeostasis is known to be involved in maintaining the optimal internal environment, helping to achieve the best performance of biological functions. At the same time, a deviation from optimal conditions often attenuates the performance of biological functions, and such restricted performance could be considered as individual fatigue, including physical and mental fatigue. The present study seeks to develop an animal model of chronic or subacute fatigue in which the recovery time is extended through the gradual disruption of homeostasis. We show that repeated short‐term rest periods with certain lengths of sleep during continuous fatigue loading extend recovery from spontaneous nighttime activity but not physical performance in comparison with a continuous fatigue‐loading procedure. Furthermore, the immobility time in a forced swimming test was extended by repeated short‐term rests. These results suggest that repeated short‐term rest with certain lengths of sleep during continuous fatigue loading is able to extend the recovery from mental fatigue but not from physical fatigue and that this effect might occur via the disruption of a homeostatic mechanism that is involved in restoring the optimal internal environment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Italy is the second receiving country for inter-country adoptions, after the US in the 2003-2017 period; we investigate the regional support to Italian parents in children inter-country adoption and find substantial differences in terms of satisfaction and well-being.


Part I. Reason and Critique: 1. Reason and politics in the Kantian enterprise 2. The public use of reason 3. Reason and autonomy in Grundlegung III 4. Action, anthropology and autonomy Part II. Maxims and Obligations: 5. Consistency in action 6. Between consenting adults 7. Universal laws and ends in themselves 8. Kant after virtue Part III. Kant's Ethics and Kantian Ethics: 9. The power of example 10. Children's rights and children's lives 11. Constructivisms in ethics 12. The great maxims of justice and charity Reference Index.


Semi-supervised learning has been shown to be a viable training strategy for handling the mismatch between training and test samples. For multimodal biometric systems, classical semi-supervised learning strategies such as self-training and co-training may not have fully exploited the advantage of a multimodal fusion, notably due to the fusion module. For this reason, we explore a novel semi-supervised training strategy known as fusion-based co-training that generalizes the classical co-training such that it can use a trainable fusion classifier. Our experiments on the BANCA face and speech database show that this proposed strategy is a viable approach. In addition, we also address the resolved issue of how to select the decision threshold for adaptation. In particular, we find that a strong classifier, including a multimodal system, may benefit better from a more relaxed threshold whereas a weak classifier may benefit better from a more stringent one.


Poverty is the main problem faced by the nation of Indonesia where one of the measurements of poverty in terms of the expenditure side, while in Islam there is a more comprehensive indicator in measuring poverty, i.e. maqashid sharia. The institutions ' Aisyiyah was instrumental in reducing the problem of poverty, one of them with a program of economic families. The purpose of this research is to know the role of the family economic program on the institutions ' Aisyiyah Muhammadiyah in economic empowerment perspective trends of maqashid Sharia. The research method used is descriptive qualitative approach with case studies. Data collection is done with the interview and documentation. The technique of the validity of the data using triangulation technique data. Technical analysis by reduction of the data, the presentation of the data, and draw conclusions. The results of this research are the institutions ' Aisha was instrumental in the economic empowerment of people through economic family program. This program consists of, the program's synergy with government agencies, training and mentoring. The success of this program can be viewed from the maintenance indicator trends, namely the maintenance of Islamic religion, soul, intellect, lineage, and treasure. Five of these aspects have been met in the process of economic empowerment.


Halogen lamps have been used to recrystallize polycrystalline silicon deposited on SiO2. 〈100〉 single crystals have been obtained. 100–200 μm wide subgrains are present in the recrystallized films. We present the results of a structural analysis of the defects by using essentially Transmission Electron Microscopy. We can classify the defects as follows: primary subgrain boundaries are misfit dislocations resulting from a low angle misorientation between adjacent growing regions. Secondary subgrain boundaries are related to the strain present in the films during the recrystallization. We find coherent and incoherent precipitates. Precipitates result from a segregation of impurities. Some of them are revealed as α‐SiC.


In article possibilities of the organization of occupations of bachelors of administrative specialties on the Marketing and Management of Small Business profiles with use of interactive technologies are analyzed.


The silver fox Vulpes chama (H. Smith) is restricted to southern Africa, where it occurs in parts of the Cape Province, the Orange Free State, Transvaal, western Rhodesia and northern South West Africa. The silver fox lives mainly on small mammals, birds and insects and seldom attacks domestic stock. Examination of the stomach contents of the silver fox was undertaken to determine its normal diet under modern conditions.


During the past few years, the composition of u.s. commercial banks' asset portfolios has changed dramatically. Most notably, holdings of securities have grown over 35 percent since the beginhing of 1990, while loans to businesses have actually declined over the same period. Some observers argue that if increases in bank securities holdings are concentrated in longerterm issues, then these portfolio shifts may expose banks to increased interest rate risk, especially if rates rise rapidly.


The core of the Cognitive Radio(CR)is decision engine. In order to adapt reconfiguration of the CR parameters, an improved Binary Artificial Bee Colony(BABC) algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is based on the basic BABC algorithm, and the opposition-based learning initialization mechanism, hybrid coding rules, and social cognitive strategies are added to ensure the diversity of individuals to improve the search speed. The key steps of the proposed Hybrid Encoding Particle Bee Colony(HABC)optimization algorithm are presented and multicarrier system is used for simulation analysis. The experimental results show that the convergence speed and accuracy of the proposed method is superior to the classical Genetic Algorithm(GA)and BABC method, CR decision engine optimization parameters have better performance.


Schema merging is the process of consolidating multiple schemas into a unified view. The task becomes particularly challenging when the schemas are highly heterogeneous and autonomous. Classical data integration systems rely on a mediated schema created by human experts through an intensive design process. In this paper, we present a novel approach for merging multiple relational data sources related by a collection of mapping constraints in the form of P2P style tuple-generating dependencies (tgds). In the scenario of data integration, we opt for minimal mediated schemas that are complete regarding certain answers of conjunctive queries. Under Open World Assumption (OWA), we characterize the semantics of schema merging by properties of the output mapping system between the source schemas and the mediated schema. We propose a merging algorithm following a redundancy reduction paradigm and prove that the output satisfies the desired logical properties. Recognizing the fact that multiple plausible mediated schemas may co-exist, a variant of the a priori algorithm is employed to enumerate alternative mediated schemas. Output mappings in the form of data dependencies are generated to support the mediated schemas, which enables query processing. We have evaluated our merging approach over a collection of real world data sets, which demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of our approach in practice.


Vol. 31, No. 1, 2019 115 Received June 7, 2018, Revised August 27, 2018, Accepted for publication September 4, 2018 Corresponding author: Dursun Turkmen, Malatya Training and Research Hospital, Dermatology Clinic, Topsögüt mah. Malatya cad. no:2 Yeşilyurt, Malatya, Turkey. Tel: 0530 223 69 55, Fax: 904223253438, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-4669 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © The Korean Dermatological Association and The Korean Society for Investigative Dermatology Fig. 1. The distribution of plaque lesions on the right side of the face. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2019.31.1.115


Under the influence of change of the factors of supply and demand,trade policy and international investment and so on,since the mid-term of the 1990s,China's plant oil processing industry develops rapidly and market structure changes a lot. Analysis of the result and mechanism of the influence of international trade and international investment on market structure of plant oil processing industry can provide the reference for making related trade policy and industrial policy and for sufficiently pro- moting the effect of trade and international investment on the industry and can avoid negative influence.


InxGa1−xP1−yNy (x = 17.6%, 0 < y ≤ 8.7%) alloy films have been grown on GaP(001) substrates by low-pressure (60 Torr) metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Structural and optical properties of the InGaPN films have been investigated. With incorporation of N, a reduction of compressive strain and a strong red shift in both the photoluminescence (PL) peak energy and the absorption edge of PL excitation (PLE) were clearly observed. The residual strain sufficiently relaxes for films with low N contents (0% ≤ y < 3.4%). Whereas, for higher N concentrations (3.4% < y ≤ 8.7%), the InGaPN layers were coherently grown on the GaP (001) substrates. Lattice-matched InGaPN films with N content as high as 7.4% corresponding to a 10 K absorption wavelength of 610.8 nm (2.03 eV) have been obtained. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments have been carried out to determine the structure and volume fractions of various phases present in Cu-Fe-Pd alloys. The volume percentage of each phase has been determined from integrated intensity of Bragg's peaks. The results can be divided into two parts on the basis of alloy composition. The alloys with 5 at.% Pd contain disordered face centered cubic (fcc) type as a major phase with traces of body centered cubic (bcc) (α-Fe) phase, whereas the alloys with Pd content ranging from 9–20 at.% contain ordered Cu3Au-type phase of Cu-Fe-Pd as a major phase with traces of α-Fe phase. The ordering in various alloys persists up to 1173 K. The results have been explained on the basis of binary phase diagram of Cu-Pd system. K e y w o r d s: crystal structure, metals and alloys, phase transformations


Water price reform is one of the important means to implement water demand management,and then to deal with the increasingly tense situation of water supply and demand.Understanding the effects of water price reform and its impact factors will help to develop integrated measures in the rapidly changing economic condition.A computable general equilibrium model (CGE model) is proposed to study the way that how water price reform makes effects.The outputs of the CGE models of different years and conditions are analyzed to evaluate the effects of the water price reform and its impact factors.The application of the proposed model to the Beijing City shows that,the effects of water price reform in different periods are significantly different.However,the reform has the potential to promote economic development,so that the policies for water price should focus on improving the water saving technology and the sensitivity affecting the water price.


The gas characteristics of an air vessel is one of the key parameters that determines the protective effect on water hammer pressure. Because of the limitation of the ideal gas state equation applied for a small-volume vessel, the Van der Waals (VDW) equation and Redlich–Kwong (R–K) equation are proposed to numerically simulate the pressure oscillation. The R–K polytropic equation is derived under the assumption that the volume occupied by the air molecules themselves could be ignored. The effects of cohesion pressure under real gas equations are analyzed by using the method of characteristics under different vessel diameters. The results show that cohesion pressure has a significant effect on the small volume vessel. During the first phase of the transient period, the minimum pressure and water depth calculated by a real gas model are obviously lower than that calculated by an ideal gas model. Because VDW cohesion pressure has a stronger influence on the air vessel pressure compared to R–K air cohesion pressure, the amplitude of head oscillation in the vessel calculated by the R–K equation becomes larger. The numerical results of real gas equations can provide a higher safe-depth margin of the water depth required in the small-volume vessel, resulting in the safe operation of the practical pumping pipeline system.


This document describes a proposed modification to the HTTP/2
specification to better support the creation of extensions without the
need to version the core protocol or invoke additional protocol
identifiers.