tion six times successfully, and it appears to me to' be admirably adapted f6r the cure of inguinal hernia of moderate size occurring in otherwise healthy children. Butin large scrotal protrusions, associated with depressed vitality and impaired nutrition, I piefer to ligature the neck of the sac; and in this way -several bacl cases have been very successfully treated. As regards the management of double scrotal hernia in infants, it is desirable to perform the operation on, the worst side first, and then to carefully support both sides with the antiseptic dressings. As soon as the healing process is sufficiently advanced, the washable truss and pad can be regularly applied. Recently, in two very bad cases of congenital hernia, an operation on one side resuilted in permanent cure simply by suspeiiding the straining of the 'child. When the little patient cried, it was only a subdued effort, 'as any jbrking movement of the, abdominal walls excited pain' in the wdunded region. By this voluntary suppression, the oppoite rupture as kept in position, and the ,tendency to protrusion 'was slowly overcome by con'traction and growth; thus, an optration on one side, followed by truss-treatment, issued in a radical cure of booth sides. It Is a good practical rule, in all cases of double in$ntile hernia, to operate on the worst side, and then to try'perseVerin' esupport on both sides before having recourse to a second operation. One word in conclusion wpon the operation itself. The radical cure of even the worst, cases of congenital inguinal hernia can be accomplished by the simple method of placing a ligature around the neck of the sac. Many surgeons recommend, in addition to the application of the ligature, that the pillawr of the ting should be brought together. It is true, that the abdominal walls are always much relaxed and the inguinal canals widely open; still, in operations upon young children, stitching up the ring can be safely dispensed with. It is a good plan, at the onset, to reduce the hernia, and then to expose the sac as far as the margin of the external ring, taking care to disturb the tissuies as little as possible during the proceeding. The neck of the sac is IIow separated, gently drawn down, and secured, the vas deferens being protected by the fingers of an assistant. A little of the structure of the cord is generally involved in the grasp of the ligature, for its complete separation is a very difficult matter; yet, after all, this is of no practical importance, provided the duct be not injured. The sac is divided three-quarters of an inch below the ligature, and the lower part closed by a continuous suture of catgut in the manner recommended by Mr. Mitchell Banks. The wound is then antiseptically dressed, and some vaseline rubbed over the outer layer of gauze, to yprevent the secretions from saturating the bandages. As sooni as the healing process is complete, the air-cushion and belt are applied; and, before the little patient is discharged from the hospital, the mother is taught the, way to put them on; at the same time her energy is stimulated with the assurance that her child will grow out of the trouble by careful and persistent treatment, so that, in a 'few months, the cure will be complete on both sides, without any repetition of the operation.


This paper proposes a using Cellular-Based Vehicle Probe (CVP) at road-section (RS) method to detect and setup a model for traffic flow information (info) collection and monitor. There are multiple traffic collection devices including CVP, ETC-Based Vehicle Probe (EVP), Vehicle Detector (VD), and CCTV as traffic resources to serve as road condition info for predicting the traffic jam problem, monitor and control. The main project has been applied at Tai # 2 Ghee-Jing roadway connects to Wan-Li section as a trial field on fiscal year of 2017-2018. This paper proposes a man-flow turning into traffic-flow with Long-Short Time Memory (LTSM) from recurrent neural network (RNN) model. We also provide a model verification and validation methodology with RNN for cross verification of system performance.


Author: A. N. LIMNO, M. F. KRYSANOV ...
Maj. Gen. A. N. LIMNO (Ret.) ...
Doctor of Military Sciences ...
Col. M. F. KRYSANOV (Res.) ...
Candidate of Technical Sciences ...
In the last decade, a number of advanced world countries have increasingly focused on creating effective assets and methods of information warfare, which enjoys a steadily growing role in efforts to gain success in the course of military operations. Foreign military analysts believe that bringing directed information pressure to bear on public and military administrative centers, the population and the armed forces of an unfriendly country can achieve whatever objectives in hand rapidly, effectively and sometimes even bloodlessly. ...
The grown role of information warfare is due to the rapid penetration of information technologies to all spheres of human activities, the military affairs included. The process is capable of working a profound change in the theory and practice of military art. It can also alter the views on the nature of confrontation between warring sides, along with its assets and methods. That brings to the fore the problem of preservation and protection of information in the RF Armed Forces, something that calls for the development of effective countermeasures capable of thwarting the enemy potential for penetration in our information webs (channels). One way of dealing with this task is to specify the place, the role and development priorities of what is known in Russian as maskirovka-camouflage, concealment and deception (CC & D)-in capacity of a crucial component of a system of information warfare. ...
The Russian definition of CC & D is this: maskirovka is a variety of support of combat operations and everyday activities of troops (forces); a set of interconnected organizational, operational-tactical, and engineer-technical measures, carried out with the purpose of concealing from the adversary the troops (naval forces) and objects and misleading him as to the presence, disposition, composition, state, actions and intentions of the troops (naval forces), as well as the command's plans.
1
 By scale (level) of goals tackled it is subdivided into strategic (the state level involving different ministries and agencies, as well as the operations by two or more fronts), operational (the scale of operations of a front, an army, a corps), and tactical (the scale of operations of a combined unit, a unit, a subunit). ...
Whatever is carried out at every level is an independent set of measures and actions, designed to deceive the adversary, each based on a separate plan and yet ...
Pages. 181 ...
closely linked with its counterparts, because lower-level CC & D planning is in line with directives and plans of a higher-level staff. But it should be remarked that although the CC & D has been made, in recent years, a comprehensive and all-embracing affair, there is a growing tendency toward what we see as its excessive separation and isolation in the said levels. This is causing a certain lack of coordination in efforts and holding back the conversion of CC & D to a unified, vertically controlled system. In part this state of affairs is explained by the fact that as a variety of operational (combat) support the CC & D took shape only in the 20th century, with serious works in this area appearing only after World War II. For this reason the success in using CC & D methods is often dependent on an individual commander's creative ability, intuition and experience. True enough, the recent-year dynamic advance in CC & D assets and techniques and the broad-scale introduction of computer technologies have led to computers increasingly stepping in where the case in point is decision-making, a big amount of operational calculations, or planning. That enhances the validity of decisions and considerably cuts the time spent on their making, the handing down of missions, and information exchanges between the different levels. To a certain extent it should also assist a closer interaction of command and control elements at different levels. ...
Numerous examples of successful use of deception in local wars warrant the assertion that the role of CC & D, far from declining, tends to grow considerably with the appearance of precision weapons and more powerful munitions, when fortification is no longer capable of providing sufficient protection. In many respects this is connected with advances in material foundation of CC & D, which is going through a substantial overhaul and development. The last 10-15 years alone saw the emergence of such new CC & D technologies as signature control (communication to objects of preset radiating and reflecting characteristics), and highly mobile concealment of moving objects. There are also low-signature specimens of WME (Stealth technology, etc.), complexes (systems) protecting objects from precision weapons, etc. ...
As a result, this country now has a range of about 100 types of CC & D assets, ones differing as to their effect, which ensure both the concealment and simulation of troops and objects in more than 20 enemy reconnaissance channels (see the table).


The formation of H-aduition radicals in monocrystals of 9-methyl adenine, deoxyadenosine monohydrate, and adenosine hydrochloride by irradiation with X-rays has been studied using ESR spectroscopy. In 9-methyl adenine and adenosine-HCl, hydrogen atoms add exclusively to position C8 of the imidazole part of the purine ring. On the other hand, in deoxyadenosine · H2O crystals, H-addition radicals at position C2 of the pyrimidine part of the purine ring occur together with H-addition radicals at position C8. Both radicals could be isolated by using their differential stability under warming or illumination with light. The C8-addition radical is characterized by two equivalent β-protons of 38.0 ± 0.5 G and the C2-addition radical by two non-equivalent β-protons of 34.0 ±1.0 and 50.0 ± 1.0 G. The nitrogen splittings perpendicular to the purine ring are 27.0 and 6.6 G for the C2-addition radical and 20.5 and 9.2 G for the C2-addition radical. The coupling constants of both radicals are in agreement with INDO calculations. It is further shown that the added hydrogen atom comes partly from the hydrogen bonding scheme and partly from the nonexchangeable hydrogens for the C8-addition radical. Together with additional experiments on polycrystalline samples, these results lead to the conclusion that hydrogen atoms add non-selectively to C2 and C8 of the neutral molecules, whereas protons add predominantly to C8 of anion radicals. This is supported by Hückel molecular orbital calculations.


Objective: To identify in the literature the complications caused by the patient with a nursing diagnosis: altered sensory perception, the importance of prevention for the risk of injury and the role of the nurse in the care of patients with altered sensory perception. Methods: This is a descriptive and qualitative research and the type of study used was bibliographical from existing material available in the Biblioteca Virtual em Saude (BVS). Results: The results reveal 10 publications identified and analyzed by the thematic analysis technique, in which three categories of analysis emerged: Impacts caused to a patient diagnosed by nursing with altered sensory perception; Relationship between sensory perception and risk of injury in intensive care patients and the role of the nurse in the implementation of preventive measures to patients with altered sensory perception. Conclusion: Through this study, the diagnosis of altered sensory perception is directly related to the risk of pressure injury in critical patients in Intensive Care Units, due to the patient's cognitive limitations to the point of not being able to identify, identify or communicate any discomfort in relation to the body pressure exerted on the bed. Key words: sensory perception, nursing care, pressure ulcer and intensive therapy.


This paper evaluates the tourism resources of Gulangyu Scenic Spot from the aesthetic arts'angle,probes and analyzes the insufficiencies and lacks in the field of aesthetic art perspective,proposes the countermeasures of the tourism culture construction.


The purpose of this paper is to contribute in the evolution of banking sector of Bangladesh by investigating the scope of adoption of multidimensional performance measurement models. Because the performance measurement models from management accounting are theoretically sound and effective for different business sectors. The study is conducted on branches of 19 selected commercial banks at Dhaka city. Opinion survey is conducted to collect the data on usage of performance measures. Thirty performance measures from different performance areas are chosen by consultation with bank professionals. Collected data are analyzed by 'Pearson's Correlation Coefficient 'and 'Factor analysis'. The results suggest that the measures used in banks are correlated and there are important nine factors to consider in formulating performance measurement system. That means the current performance measurement system of banks cover a set of integrating measures from different performance areas. Hench, there is a chance of adoption of a multidimensional performance measurement model in branch level of Bangladeshi banks


Modern product engineering is characterised by distributed teams, working on different subsystems and components at different times in different knowledge domains. On the one hand, this distributed development enables flexibility with regard to experts' know-how; on the other hand, it results in an enhanced effort for coordination tasks and information exchange between the partners involved. However, these tasks are less supported in collaboration of small and medium size enterprises and therefore often result in an interface-based development rather than a collaborative design. The application of modern digital tools for information representation and exchange as well as the use of design methods in distributed teams can support a wide range of the tasks needed for a successful collaboration. However, new competencies with regard to technical or methodical issues as well as socio-emotional competencies of the designers are required to enable an efficient work among the team members and gain the advantages of collaborative design. In order to develop a concept for the support of collaborative design using digital tools, this paper addresses the following research questions: what does the collaborative work look like, nowadays, and which potentials and challenges result from this increasing digitalisation of work? What kind of competencies are required to ensure an effective collaboration from both the personal and the process point of view? Subsequently, this paper proposes an approach to support collaborative teams in a methodical way. This approach is based on a model including three views upon collaborative design, namely process-view, technical-methodical-view and personal view.


Users of fused magnesin refractories may obtain from this brief report an illustration of the various shapes now being manufactured and other products which could be made with additional equipment. The progress made since 1946 in purity of raw matertals, shapes, compositions, and control of manufacture is shown. (F.S.)


"The objective of this investigation is based on examining and analyzing the functioning and dynamic citizen participation based on the case study of the municipal Board of victim participation in Soacha Cundinamarca municipality under the framework of the 2011 1448 Law or ""Victim Law"" (Ley de Victimas) and the #388 Resolution of may 10th of 2013, which adopts the effective participation protocol of the armed conflict victims. The investigation answers to the next questions: How do the victims participate in the exercise of their civil rights? How does this exercise translate in the Effective Participation Board of Soacha (Mesa de Participacion Efectiva-MPE)? Does the victims that participate in MPE do really represent the interests of all the victims of this municipality and do they exercise an active citizenship in this space? The document is divided in five chapters, the first one covers different concepts and theoretical studies related to the notion of citizenship and citizen participation and proposes to work in four analytical categories: participation as intervention, governance, citizenship and empowerment. The second chapter presents the national policy framework before the participation of the victims and the implementation of the participation mechanisms in Soacha. The third chapter explains an overall sociopolitical outlook of the municipality of Soacha and a description of the rationales of the armed conflict deployed in the territory. The last chapter sets out a series of conclusions around the findings of the victim participation in the Soacha´s Board and some final reflections are offered."


Some results on fixed points of α – ψ multivalued mappings of different contractive nature over a cone metric space with a normal constant equal to 1 have been established.


We investigated, both experimentally and theoretically, the reflection phase shift (RPS) of one-dimensional plasmon polaritons. We launched one-dimensional (1D) plasmon polaritons in carbon nanotubes and probed the plasmon interference pattern using a scanning near-field optical microscopy technique, through which a nonzero phase shift was observed. We further developed a theory to understand the nonzero phase shift of 1D polaritons, and found that the RPS can be understood by considering the evanescent field beyond the nanotube end. Interestingly, our theory shows a strong dependence of RPS on polaritons wavelength and nanotube diameter, which is in stark contrast to two-dimensional plasmon polaritons in graphene where the RPS is a constant. In the short-wave region, the RPS of 1D polaritons only depends on a dimensionless variable---the ratio between polaritons wavelength and nanotube diameter. These results provide fundamental insights into the reflection of polaritons in the 1D system, and could facilitate the design of ultrasmall 1D polaritonic devices, such as resonators and interferometers.


This paper presents the levels of underpricing for new issues in Malaysia over a more recent period, 2000- 2009 and the factors affecting the short run and the long
run performance. The international evidence unanimously suggests that IPOs generate positive initial returns. However, a number of topics are still controversial,
particularly the nature of the long run performance of IPOs companies. This paper aims to study the short run returns and long run stock price performance of Malaysian IPO. We use regression analysis to test the relationship between total underpricing, and the six factors that expected to have an effect on the IPOs return and examining the factors associated with short run return and long run IPO price
performance. The final sample in this paper is 343 new listing companies in Malaysia between 2000- 2009. However in long run, we found that using the BHAR method to measure the long run share price performance, the Malaysian IPOs
companies underperformed in the market in the first year of going public, with BHAR of -1.77 percent. However, in the second and third year after going public, these companies outperformed in the market with a BHAR of 4.79 percent and 40.83 percent, respectively.


In 2002–03, President George W. Bush presented the United Nations with an interesting test of relevance. If the Security Council did not endorse the ultimatum to force Iraqi compliance on American terms, he warned, Washington would reserve the right to launch a full-fledged military assault on its own. Analysts and commentators wondered: would the United Nations lift its performance and remain relevant to the US foreign policy on Washington's terms, or in doing so would it risk being seen as bending to the US will without demanding American compliance with global norms from arms control to environmental regimes and international criminal justice; that is, a quintessentially unilateralist version of multilateralism?


An integrated surficial mapping and detailed till geochemistry project was conducted in the summer of 1999 by the British Columbia Geological Survey Branch in northwestern British Columbia. Recent volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) discoveries such as Kudz Ze Kayah and Wolverine and intrusive related gold deposits like Pogo within the Yukon-Tanana Terrane have provided an impetus for geological studies to examine similar age rocks in British Columbia. These deposits are an important source of copper, zinc, gold and silver. Previous mapping indicates that the Big Salmon Complex (Mihalynuk et al., 1998) and Dorsey Terrane (Nelson, 1999) are Yukon-Tanana equivalent and contain appropriate rocks/stratigraphy to host mineralization. Given the widespread drift cover in the study area and high mineral potential, there was an obvious need to integrate Quaternary studies to develop exploration strategies for new buried targets. This study is a component of the Ancient Pacific Margin NATMAP project and associated work includes bedrock mapping (Nelson, this volume; Mihalynuk et al., this volume) and multi-media geochemical surveys (Cook and Pass, this volume). Surficial mapping was completed over the Big Salmon Complex to understand the local glacial history and aid in the interpretation of geochemical data. Mapping of surficial sediments defines the distribution of preferred sampling media (e.g. till) and bedrock exposure. Compilation of ice-flow indicator data enables the reconstruction of local paleo-ice-flow history and can consequently be used to define the methodologies for sampling down ice dispersal patterns. Till sampling assists in defining the size and shape of geochemical anomalies over a known mineral showings as well as select perspective host rocks. Characterization of geochemical signatures and dispersal in the study area will assist in the development of future geochemical exploration projects. The main objectives of the program were to stimulate exploration and economic activity in the area by:


Using Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) as predator, and the olive moth Prays oleae (Bernard) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) as prey, a study of larval digestion rates was carried out by means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). A comparison was performed between starved predator larvae and larvae fed irradiated eggs of Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as an alternative prey, having been fed dead P. oleae larvae initially. It was found that in the absence of food, digestion was significantly greater, which would ultimately motivate the larvae to actively seek more prey items.


In search of a new series of potential biologically active agents, syntheses of metal complexes of dehydroacetic acid (DHA) based tridentate hydrazone Schiff's base that is 4-Hydroxy-N'-(1-(4-hydroxy5-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide (PDLH) with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Mn(II) Zn(II) has been achieved successfully. The Schiff's base was prepared by treating DHA with 4hydroxybenzoylhydrazide under reflux in methanol. All the synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of the results obtained from elemental analysis, 1 H and 13 C NMR, IR, UV visible spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and conductance. IR spectra of complexes revealed that ligand coordinated through N and O donor atoms. The mass spectrum of complexes also supported the formation of desired compounds. The UV visible spectrum revealed that complexes adopted octahedral geometry around the metal ions for all the synthesized compounds. Finally, all the synthesized compounds were tested for DNA photocleavage activities using plasmid DNA and anti-bacterial potential against four pathogenic strains of bacteria. In general metal complexes were found to be more potent biological agents as compared to ligand under the identical experimental condition and Cu(II) complex, particularly was found to exhibit potential nuclease and anti-bacterial


ABSTRACT Research on international Graduate Teaching Assistants (GTAs) commonly emphasises deficits. Themes include lack of proficiency in English; deficiency of teaching experience; and 'incomplete' professional identity. Such framing neglects the resources that international GTAs bring to their classrooms. This study looks specifically at lived experiences of four GTAs, examining their identity work through the 'transcultural' and collectivist exchanges they foster in their classrooms. The study approaches 'Internationalisation' through the perspectives of four female GTAs from former colonies, to examine how they deploy strategies to decentre power and 'de-individualise' the classroom. Here these postcolonial perspectives affirm that international education is not a one-way process from 'core' to 'periphery', but a complex transcultural inter-change. Identifying these collectivist and 'transcultural' teaching practices suggests future avenues for research, towards identifying whether/how postcolonial GTAs develop postcolonial pedagogies.


Proppant placement plays a crucial role in maintaining the conductivity of fractures after a hydraulic fracturing treatment. The process involves the transport of particles by fluid flow in complex fractures. Many studies have focused on proppant transport and distribution in the fracture with a constant aperture, but relatively few studies have investigated the proppant-fluid flow in a vertical fracture with a contracted aperture. In this work, we examine experimentally proppant transport in a fracture with a contracted aperture. The objective is to evaluate the distribution of particle beds in the contracted fracture at different flow conditions.
 In this paper, particle-fluid flow in the contracted fracture is studied experimentally by a laboratory size slot. A planar slot with a constant width is used to benchmark the experimental results, and a published correlation validates the bed equilibrium heights in the planar slot. Six types of particles are chosen to simulate the effects of particle density and size. The proppant distribution is evaluated by the bed height when the bed reaches the equilibrium states. The effects of fluid velocity, fluid viscosity, particle density, particle size, and particle volume fraction on particle distribution are investigated.
 The results confirm that the proppant particle-fluid flow in the contracted slot is more complicated than that in the planar slot. The phenomena of particle vortices and resuspension were observed at the contraction of the cross-section. The shape on the top of the bed is like a descending stair in which the height gradually decreases in the length direction. The bed height in the contracted slot is lower and more irregular than that in the planar slot at the same flow conditions. Smaller sands injected at a high flow rate and fluid viscosity can form a lower bed. The trend would be reversed by using denser particles and high particle volume fraction. A reliable model expressed by four dimensionless numbers is developed by the linear regression method for predicting the bed equilibrium height. The model and experimental results provide directions to quantitatively evaluate the particle transport and distribution in a fracture with a contracted aperture.


Transmission of television quality live digital imagery requires nearly 60 Mbs when using Pulse Code Modulation (PCM). Many methods of compression of imagery have been investigated. Simple techniques, such as Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM), are relatively easy to implement but have limited performance. Transform techniques, such as Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), offer more compression but are difficult to implement at video rates within stringent airborne hardware constraints. Vector Quantization has been an area of research for many years. Advances in digital hardware during the last few years have made many implementations possible, therefore spurring renewed interest in active research. Vector Quantization has been applied to various types of data and results of the experimentation have been appearing regularly in the literature during the past several years. This technique of image coding has applications for any digitally sampled waveform. images are taken every 1130th of a second. The other types of sensors are for special purpose image collection and are not used for real time monitoring of remote activity as in flight test environments. Analog imagery, such as a television signal, requires 5MHz of analog channel bandwidth. The same signal when digitized using Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) requires 60 to 80 Mbits per second (Mbps) of a digital communication channel. If PCM were used as the final digital signal, the result is an expansion of bandwidth to convert from an analog to a digital imagery system. The amount of expansion would depend on the type of modulation. Data compression techniques reduce the bit rate of the PCM digital signal. This paper will address issues surrounding digital video imagery and show how frame rate, spatial resolution, sample resolution, and data compression techniques effect the bit rates while providing television quality imagery at 1 to 15 Mbps.


Understanding consumer segment is important especially in
developing effective marketing strategies. Segmentation of the consumers depend on various factors including socio demographic factors of the consumers, product line to be considered, types of retail store used, attributes of the product as well as that of the store among other factors. This study examined and segmented the fresh vegetable
consumers based on the product attributes and store attributes considered by the consumers in their fresh
vegetable purchases. Results of the study indicate
the most important fresh vegetable attributes and that of retail formats considered by the Klang valley fresh
vegetable consumers when purchasing the product. Also applying statistical analysis technique to the data collected from the fresh vegetable consumers; they were segmented into three different segments each with its peculiar characteristics that differ from the other. The result suggests that for effective marketing strategies, there is need to consider the demand of each member of segments in meeting their need as well as capturing the targeted segment.


Recent global interest in high duty factor or CW superconducting linacs with high average beam power highlights the need for robust and reliable SRF structures capable of delivering high average RF power to the beam with moderate HOM damping, low interception of halo and good efficiency. Potential applications include proton or H- drivers for spallation neutron sources, neutrino physics, waste transmutation, subcritical reactors, and high-intensity high-energy physics experiments. We describe a family of SRF cavities with a range of Betas capable of transporting beam currents in excess of 10 mA CW with large irises for minimal interception of halo and HOM and power couplers capable of supporting high average power operation. Goals include an efficient cell shape, high packing factor for efficient real-estate gradient and strong HOM damping to ensure stable beam operation,


Violation of the no-signaling principle may occur in PT-symmetric evolutions, that is, evolutions that stem from Hamiltonians that are symmetric with respect to parity and time-reversal, of bipartite entangled states. The violation can be avoided by using a non-conventional inner product. We show that even within the formalism that utilizes the conventional inner product between physical state vectors in a separable Hilbert space, it is possible to obtain instances of local preservation of the no-signaling principle for evolutions corresponding to PT-symmetric non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with real eigenvalues, of multiparty entangled states, whose bipartite versions still violate the principle. The phenomenon can be witnessed already by using the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state. Interestingly, the generalized W states do not support such a local preservation of no-signaling.


We propose a novel approach to probe new fundamental interactions using isotope shift spectroscopy in atomic clock transitions. As a concrete toy example we focus on the Higgs boson couplings to the building blocks of matter: the electron and the up and down quarks. We show that the attractive Higgs force between nuclei and their bound electrons, which is poorly constrained, might induce effects that are larger than the current experimental sensitivities. More generically, we discuss how new interactions between the electron and the neutrons, mediated via light new degrees of freedom, may lead to measurable nonlinearities in a King plot comparison between isotope shifts of two different transitions. Given state-of-the-art accuracy in frequency comparison, isotope shifts have the potential to be measured with sub-Hz accuracy, thus potentially enabling the improvement of current limits on new fundamental interactions. A candidate atomic system for this measurement requires two different clock transitions and four zero nuclear spin isotopes. We identify several systems that satisfy this requirement and also briefly discuss existing measurements. We consider the size of the effect related to the Higgs force and the requirements for it to produce an observable signal.


The invention relates to a novel high strength ductile cast iron of a CrAlTi(Y)N coating layer and a preparation method thereof, which are mainly used for large and medium stamping tools. The mass percentage contents of components of a ductile cast iron matrix alloy are as follows: C: 3.5 to 3.7, Si: 2.0 to 2.3, Mn: 0.4 to 0.8, Cu: 0.3 to 0.9, P is less than or equal to 0.07, S is less than or equal to 0.02, and Fe and inevitable impurities: 92.21 to 93.71; the mass percentage contents of alloying elements in the CrAlTi(Y)N coating layer: Ti: 20 to 22.5, Al: 20 to 22.5, Y: 0.2 to 0.4 and Cr: 54.6 to 59.8. The preparation method comprises (1) the preparation of the alloy and (2) the alloy smelting process. By adopting the materials and the method of the invention, the durability and service life of the stamping tools can be enhanced by 1 to 25 times, while the cost is equivalent to the current stamping tools, and simultaneously, the stamping tools have higher reliability.


Problem 1.-How can these players operate simultaneously in both the dimensions of rationality and irrationality, of probability and magic? These cab driver-crapshooters usually bet according to known probability ("rational" aspect of the game), yet they have many magical practices in their betting and shooting that make little sense to an outside observer (the "irrational" aspects of the game). Once one understands the players' basic belief system, their system of cause and effect, one then sees that their magical practices are also "rational," that is, the strategies these players usse to maximize their own control over the dice when they are shooting and to minimize the control of other shooters are logically consistent within their belief system. Without understanding their belief system, we do not understand their behavior. Problem 2.- What is the origin of their magical behavior and belief system? An attempt is made to reconcile theories of Malinowski and Kroeber concerning the origin of magic whith principles of operant conditioning.


INTRODUCTION
Spontaneous cerebellar hematomas make up nearly 10% of the intracranial intraparenchymatous hemorrhages. In recent years several algorithms have been published for the management of these patients.

OBJECTIVE
To study the type of treatment, conservative or operative, and the main prognostic factors.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
We present a retrospective analysis of 52 cases of spontaneous cerebellar hematomas diagnosed over the past 10 years in the Hospital General de Galicia. We studied the clinical and radiological factors with the greatest effect on prognosis and the approach to treatment.

RESULTS
We found a male/female ration of 2/3. The age of 90.3% of our patients was over 60 years. Arterial hypertension had previously been diagnosed in 55.7% of the cases. The clinical picture was characterized by the profile of a stroke with headache (90.3%), vomiting (63.4%) and impaired consciousness (50%) being the commonest presenting symptoms. The most important factors in prognosis were the level of consciousness and the size of the hematoma. The prognosis was worse in cases with hydrocephalus, intraventricular hemorrhage or extension of the hematoma towards the midline. Neither age, sex nor the previous diagnosis of arterial hypertension were of importance in prognosis. Mortality was 25%.

CONCLUSIONS
The spontaneous cerebellar hematomas typically affect patients over the age of 60 years and present with headache and vomiting of sudden onset. In our series the major prognostic factors were the size of the hematoma and level of consciousness, and treatment was given in accordance with this.


When the crew or passengers fall into the water due to marine accident of vessel, it is very important to rescue them quickly. In the case of marine accidents, most people in distress have been wearing a lifejacket, so if the GPS and Cospas-Sarsat communication module will be integrated within the lifejacket, it is easy to rescue them. In this paper, development of the dual band lifejacket-integrated antenna for GPS and Cospas-Sarsat communication is discussed. The antenna with the FR-4 substrate of 0.2mm thickness for flexibility was designed that it can be fitted close to the shoulder of the life jacket and operate at 1.575GHz and 406MHz. The GPS communication antenna was implemented with a ring-slot antenna having a circular polarized characteristic and a meander type linear polarized antenna is used as Cospas-Sarsat communication. The two antennas are fed by a single microstrip line and an open stub is used to minimize the mutual interference between the two antennas. The performance of the fabricated antenna attached to the life vest is confirmed by the measurement of the return loss at GPS and Cospas-Sarsat frequency bands.


Objective:To study the effect of GAPSGF on liver cancer cell proliferation inhibition and expression of the RB gene mRNA.Methods:Use CCK-8 to study GAPSGF liver cancer cell proliferation inhibition,which also filtered out the effective doses.Use SMMC7721 as the object,and then explore the impact of the RB gene expression at the mRNA level.Results:The effect of SMMC7721 cell proliferation inhibition is the strongest on GAPSGF 2.5μg/ml,5μg/ml,10μg/ml dose groups.The inhibition rates were 20.01%,20.47%,24.44%.Conclusion:GAPSGF significantly increases in the RB gene mRNA expression.


After a cryptogenic stroke, long-term monitoring is recommended to start an anticoagulation therapy in patients with at least a documented paroxysm of subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF). Literature is sparse about the recurrence of AF (AF burden) after a cryptogenic stroke, but this might have significant implications in terms of therapeutic strategy.

 This is a retrospective single-center study of 129 patients who received implantable loop recorders (ILRs), after a cryptogenic stroke, between March 2015 and March 2022. All patients were followed through remote monitoring for at least 6 months. The primary endpoint was AF detection; the secondary endpoints were the AF burden, the earliness (within or after 90 days from the ILR implant) of the first AF episode and if there was an association between these two variables.

 Mean age was 70.3 ± 10.4 years old (67 males, 51.9%); the mean value of left ventricular ejection fraction was 61% ± 5.8. Atrial fibrillation has been detected by ILR in 40.3% of patients (AF= 52 patients, NO AF= 77 patients) and each intracardiac electrogram was visually reviewed by two physicians. Median CHAD2S2-Vasc Score was 5 [4-6]; the median AF burden (assessed in 39 of the 52 patients) was 1.2% [0.1%-14.6%]; among these, 23 patients (59%) had the first episode within 90 days from the ILR implant versus 16 patients (41%) which experienced the first episode later than 90 days. AF burden was significantly higher in the first group (median 3.9% [1.2%-30.9%] vs 0.1% [0.03%-0.75%]; p=0.001). Of note the univariate analysis showed that both detection of the first AF episode within 90 days and echocardiographic findings of atrial disease (atrial dilation or diastolic dysfunction) were significantly associated with AF burden > 1% (about 7 hours for month) (respectively OR 16.5; 95% IC=3.34-81.21, p=0.001 and OR 4.5; 95% IC=1.2-17.5, p=0.03); at the multivariate analysis the significance was confirmed for the earliness of the first AF episode (OR 14.6; 95% IC=2.8-76.75, p=0.002).

 In this small, retrospective study, AF was detected by ILR, after a cryptogenic stroke, in more than one third of patients. AF onset during the first 90 days might be a marker of a high AF burden and might highlight patients who could benefit from a rhythm control strategy of AF. Larger studies and clinical outcomes evaluation of these patients are required to confirm our results.


Many investigations have demonstrated that microRNA (miRNA) is not only involved in the modulation of nerve cell growth and physiological activity, but also responsible for dysfunctions in synaptogenesis or synaptic plasticity, neurodegenerative diseases, tumorgenesis in the nervous system, as well as in cerebrovascular disorders. With the intensive researches in miRNA, it is possible gradually to explain the related pathogenic mechanisms of some major diseases in the nervous system.


INTRODUCTION. TABLE OF CONTENTS Pancreatic � Cell Electrophysiology of the � Cell cAMP and Islets . cAMP and Bursting . Chloride Channels-Overview Chloride Channels and cAMP Mediation of Iel.islet . MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell Culture and Passaging. Whole Cell Patch Clamp Technique. Solutions . Agents . Electronics. RESULTS . IBMX Activates an Outwardly Rectifying Current in HIT Cells. IBMX-Activated Current is Blocked by a Chloride Channel Blocker. IBMX-Activated Current is Reduced by Iodide Substitution For Chloride. Activation of Iel.>sI0t by Forskolin lei. ale< is Not a Previous ly Reported IeAliP . Neither IBMX Nor Forskolin Reactivate Iel.>slet. Inactivation of Iel. isle, May Be Due to the Desensitization to cAMP. The Inactivation of ICl. >slot is Not Due to a Loss of Activatable Clchannels. P a g e v vi . 1 . 1 .1 . 3 . 4 5 6 . 7 . 9 . 9 10 11 . 12 . 12


6. Grieco A, Long CJ. Investigation of the Karnofsky perforon the health status of subjects may also be quite easily mance status as a measure of quality of life. Health Psychol collected using HUI2/3 questionnaires, and readily 1984;3:129–42. available computer spreadsheets have been used to 7. Grootendorst P, Feeny D, Furlong W. Does it matter whom calculate HUI scores and patient profiles in real time and how you ask? An investigation into interand intra-


The report contains information on features of a frame mode of dynamic microobject velocity measurement use in a television optical scanning microscope from the point of view of measurements accuracy. Errors of microobject coordinates measurement, connected with geometrical distortions of a scanning raste r (a pillow, a flank) and instability of a scanning raster formation (displacement, compression and an expansion) are analyzed.


We report on our recent proposal to consider correlated decays to vector mesons. Thanks to the quantum and angular correlations, we show that new observables appear, that allow either to search for CP-violation or to extract the hadronic phase in D → Kπ.


- Rainfall detection becomes an important task during varying climatic conditions. It is become very essential to examine the changing patterns of the rainfall and try to detect the rain. The rainfall databases are highly susceptible to noise, inconsistent and missing of data at present day in the real-world. So, the data obtained must be repaired by plugging absent values and eliminating the unrelated data. For this min-max normalization is employed for transferred the data into [0, 1] range. After that it was operated with z-score normalization, where the data values are distributed in a small scope. Then the feature extraction using PCA and ACO is functioned. Finally, naive bayes classification is applied to compare the performance of with and without pre-processing and the classes representation based on the different principal components (PC) of feature selection were calculated with and without pre-processing. Monthly rainfall data sets that are downloaded from Indian meteorological department (IMD). Monthly rainfall for years 1901 to 2019 are taken for analysis. The missing data and the outliers were detected every month. For investigation, the value distributions and features using PCA and ACO of rainfall feature before and after normalization is observed. The min-max normalization and z-score normalization concluded that they do not change the autocorrelation. The ACO based method found efficient when compared to PCA method. Classification error with and without data pre-processing is measured and found that the pre-processing rainfall data enhances the model performance.


The seasonality of hip fracture in haemodialysis (HD) patients and kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have not been reported. We assessed seasonal variations in hip fractures among patients with end‐stage kidney disease who undergo maintenance HD and KTRs.


The primary objective of this research is to evaluate third party purchase (3PP) as a value-added service offered by 3PL providers, based on transaction cost theory. Questionnaires and interviews are the two major research methods for this research. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesized relationships. The qualitative data is qualitatively triangulated to explain the relationships through analysis by using Nvivo software. From the perspective of 3PL providers, this study illustrates that uncertainty, frequency, and transaction size, but not asset specificity, are significantly associated with 3PP service. From the perspective of 3PL users, the uncertainty factor is significantly related to 3PP service. In both countries, 3PP service is significantly associated with value-to-client and benefit-to-provider.


A novel hysteresis controller-based DTC is proposed to improve the steady-state low-speed performance in terms of torque and flux ripple reduction, flux regulation, and current distortion for a five-phase open-end winding induction motor. The proposed method uses 30 virtual voltage vectors in 10 sectors which are obtained from the combination of two inverters switching states and categorized as large vectors, medium vectors, and small voltage vectors. In classical DTC, 20 virtual voltage vectors are used which are generated from dual Inverter configuration used for all possible speeds and generate higher torque and flux ripple and flux instability under low speeds. In the proposed method, a new hysteresis controller-based DTC is introduced in dual inverter-controlled five-phase open-end winding induction motors to improve steady-state performance with the usage of separate lookup tables under both high and low speeds. To nullify flux instability under low speeds, small active voltage vectors are used instead of null vectors during torque error 0 and flux error +1. The proposed DTC method and classical DTC methods are verified through MATLAB/Simulink software.


The pressure with which circulating blood is contained in the arterial circulation is related to a number of factors. Prominent among these is the structure of resistance vessels, or arterioles,1 and conduit vessels, or arteries.2 3 For a normal intravascular volume and cardiac output, pathological distortions in arteriolar structure are accompanied by intravascular pressures greater than the expected norm. Such abnormalities include endothelial cell hyperplasia; intimal hyalinization; vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia; and increased vessel wall collagen,4 5 including its adventitia, here referred to as a perivascular fibrosis. Subsequent to such arteriolar remodeling and rise in arterial pressure are iterations in conduit vessel structure. This includes medial thickening and increased concentrations of collagen and elastin in arteries and the aorta. Arteriolosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, a thickening and hardening of arterioles and arteries, respectively, of systemic organs, such as kidney, heart, brain, and eyes, account for and sustain arterial hypertension. Such arteriolar and arterial remodeling is associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke. Effective monitoring of arteriolosclerosis and arteriosclerosis would have important clinical applications. An example addresses vascular remodeling in response to pharmacological intervention that offers potential as either a cardioprotective or cardioreparative strategy.6

Microscopic examination of biopsied tissue provides an opportunity to address the presence and extent of arteriolar remodeling in hypertensive patients. It has been effectively used by a number of investigators.4 5 7 The invasive nature of this approach, however, detracts from its broad-based application to the many millions of individuals with hypertension.

Funduscopic examination offers a "window to the vasculature," albeit primarily the external features of the retinal circulation. It is an essential feature in the examination of hypertensive patients. In an important and widely recognized study published in 1939, Keith et al …


This article reports the results of a survey of the perceptions of parents of nine multiply handicapped young adults enrolled in a community living program in New Zealand and of the nine staff members who were working with the young adults. All the parents believed that the program had benefited their multiply handicapped children. Both parents and staff members strongly supported the involvement of parents in the program and the content and focus of the program. Although both the parents and the staff members believed that available support services were adequate, the social worker and adult rehabilitation services were viewed much less favorably by the parents than by the staff.


Social distancing is a set of non-pharmaceutical interventions and measures that may be recommended during pandemics. Social distancing is practiced to prevent the spread of a contagious disease by increasing the physical distance or reducing the number of times people come into close contact with each other [1]. Social distancing has become a strong shield in the fight against the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To curtail the spread of COVID-19 and avoid overburdening the healthcare systems, several social distancing measures have been enforced, including closure of schools and workplaces, isolation, and restriction of public movement. Although social distancing is effective to prevent COVID-19 transmission [2], it has various social, economic, and health problems. One of them is increasing the risk of circadian rhythm disturbances due to the loss of daily routine and irregular pattern of living. Therefore, practice of social distancing should not be the only emphasis. Concomitantly, it is important to maintain the daily routine of life and ensure regular circadian rhythms. Maintaining the circadian rhythm is essential for good health. The circadian clock, which is found in almost every organ of the body and the brain, is pivotal for a well-functioning immune system. Synchronization of the circadian rhythms in the lungs, heart, liver, and brain ensure continuation of routine physiological processes. It also ensures the maintenance of a healthy immune system that can effectively fight and defeat the virus. Recent studies demonstrate the importance of circadian rhythms and sleep in Human Circadian Rhythm and Social Distancing in the COVID-19 Crisis


Based on the detailed analysis of the software structure and threading models of COM server, this paper discusses the implementation of COM server by applying MFC and ATL respectively, thus offers support for developing practical application based on COM by using currently available technique.


The present invention relates to a site-specific antibody-drug conjugate, wherein said conjugate specifically binds to PSMA and comprises an antibody comprising an amino acid substitution of an interchain cysteine residue by an amino acid other than cysteine, and an unstable linker- (PBD). L / RTI > Depending on the variation of the antibody portion, the junctions improve the stability and efficacy of the ADC.


In an indoor pool with a conventional rapid filter plant for pool water treatment two ultrafiltration pilot plants were operated in dead end mode for three month. The aim of the investigations was to get experiences with this technology for the treatment of pool water.


Extrapolating the von Neumann's random-pulse machine concept, the paper discusses the multibit random-data representation and shows how it can be used for the modular design of robust instrumentation for real-time statistical parameter estimation and especially of hardware neural networks.


Despite the importance of historical data in quantifying shifting conditions, information legacies are being lost through oversight and retirement of researchers. We highlight the recovery of two long-term research sites in Caribbean octocoral forests and call for preservation of other legacy sites and associated data before these locations become lost.


Multimedia has been brought about under the rapid development of information technology,which requires college English teaching should adapt to the wave of informatization.Without question,college English teacher should guide this movement.Based on the theory of constructivism,this paper will do research in the current situation of college English teacher in the Internet and Multimedia teaching environment through case study and try to find out problems and solve them.


Computational modeling, in addition to data analytics, plays an important role in structural health monitoring (SHM). The high‐fidelity computational model based on the design and construction information provide important dynamics information of the structure and, more importantly, can be updated against field measurements for SHM purposes such as damage detection, response prediction, and reliability assessment. In this paper, we present a unique skyscraper (Al‐Hamra Tower) located in Kuwait City and its high‐fidelity computational model using ETABS for structural health monitoring applications. The tower is made of cast‐in‐place reinforced concrete with a core of shear walls and two curved shear walls running the height of the building (approximately 413 m with 86 floors in total). Interesting static and dynamic characteristics of the tower are described. System identification, interferometry‐based wave propagation analysis, and wave‐based damage detection are performed using synthetic data. This work mainly presents the phase of numerical investigations, which serves as a basis for correlating the field monitoring data to the model of the building in future work.


Teeth is one tool in the human digestive system that serves as a food destroyer for easy digestion. Diseases that attack teeth can inhibit this activity and can not be identified rapidly by young dentist. This problem can be solved with identification system. This identification system uses FIS Tsukamoto in analyzing. Subjective function of the membership of this fuzzy then solved by optimizing the membership function of the fuzzy. This optimization of the membership function produces optimal results from systems using FIS Tsukamoto with the highest accuracy of 89% from 100 testing data.


In the musicology of African-American studies, the blues is traditionally said to be the «devil's music». This condemnation from black American Protestant churches sees the blues as promoting a way of life in contradiction with Christian morals. By making a parody of church talk, some blues pieces present a series of Christian antivalues. But this opposition takes on meaning only in the Protestant theological and social context. A marginal religious movement (the Spiritual Churches) found mainly in New Orleans does not share this Protestant ethic, nor this opposition to jazz and the blues. Light is shed on the cultural osmosis between this religious movement and the various forms of popular music (including rock' n' roll and funk) in Louisiana's cultural capital.


Increasingly, sustainability has been integrated in public organizations, particularly by regional authorities. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC), as a tool for assessing and measuring the performance of organizations enables the integration of sustainability (in its environmental, social and economic issues) in a Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC). The purpose of this study is to design a SBSC for a Portuguese city council that assists a population of 24 thousand inhabitants. In this sense, it aims to structure the BSC's perspectives in the city council; interrelate sustainability issues in a SBSC, and; articulate the several perspectives on a strategic map. The present case resorts on a questionnaire sent to the city council president and document analysis. We conclude that the sustainability and the traditional structure of the BSC adapt to public organization. The study contributes to the development of sustainability in the public sector, presenting sustainability in an integrated and systemic manner, aligned with the several organizational responsibilities.


The objective of this article is to characterize the different existing fish farming systems and to identify the factors that could influence their choice by fish farmers. For this, 300 fish farmers were surveyed in four communes of the Oueme valley. Factorial Analysis of Multiple Correspondences (FAMC) and Logit regression were used as the methods of analysis. The results showed three categories of fish system. These are fish farmers who raise only Clarias at fish holes (PICLAT), fish farmers who raise tilapia alone in drainable ponds (PITEV) and fish farmers raising both Clarias and tilapia at the pond level not drainable (PICLATEN). The area planted for the chilli or the palm grove, the mode of access to the land, the age, the experiment and the different types of training followed in fish farming, the level of education, the part of the agricultural credit that it fish farming, the total number of self-help workers it uses, the socio-cultural group, the perception of the arrival of the flood, the place occupied by livestock and fish farming in its activities were the factors influencing the choice of a fish farming system. These results suggest that policies focus in particular on training in fish farming and access to finance to gradually facilitate the transition from traditional fish farming to modern fish farming.


The author has been actively involved in the retraining of college faculty to teach computing science for six years. He is presently recruiting a fifth class for a two-summer masters degree program which addresses this goal, and is preparing for a seventh offering of a week-long, non-credit summer institute. This paper reflects upon the experience of having worked first-hand with nearly 200 faculty members from a great variety of disciplines. It also incorporates interchanges with directors of other formal retraining efforts around the country, and the comments made by some of the nearly 500 faculty who have participated in formal summer retraining programs. From these sources the author tries to clarify the phenomena of retraining and suggests some areas which merit further study.


Over recent years, advancements in bottom - up construction technologies are enabling the creation of heterogeneous and functional materials. These approaches offer the potential to surpass the physical limitations in traditional top - down micromachining. Of these, bionanotechnological approaches that harness the inherent molecular recognition and self-assembling properties of biological molecules - such as Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) - are arguably the most promising. Over recent years, the field of DNA nanotechnology has advanced rapidly, enabling the creation of arbitrary structures in two and three dimensions. These substrates act as adapters enabling the arrangement of functional components at the nano-scale to be interfaced with the macro-scale world. One approach to spatially address DNA nano-architectures is to harness the sequence specific homologous recombination mechanism of the E.coli protein Recombinase A (RecA). This protein mediates the alignment of a supplied single stranded DNA (ssDNA) with a subject double stranded DNA (dsDNA) where homology is shared, making this method inherently programmable. Despite several successful demonstrations of the artificial application of RecA, the underlying mechanism which orchestrates this interaction remains widely debated. The lack of clear understanding surrounding this critical biological mechanism stems from the in-direct approaches taken to interrogate it, to date. In response to this, the work presented in this thesis, attempts to answer the open biological questions surrounding RecA. Here, recent advances in high speed atomic force microscopy (HSAFM) and high resolution Atomic force microscopy (AFM) - using rapid-force-curve imaging - are applied to directly interrogate the homology searching mechanism of RecA. When taken together, these structural and functional insights will inform the future development of RecA mediated patterning approaches within complex DNA topologies.


This article seeks to analyze and explain the building a culture of school literacy at Al Irsyad Al Islamiyyah Elementary School 01 Purwokerto. The main focus of this article is to answer the question of how the strategies are carried out by Al Irsyad Al Islamiyyah Elementary School 01 Purwokerto in building a culture of school literacy. The research method used was descriptive to describe the school literacy associated with its implementation in school development. Analysis of the data used to assess the data and information obtained is qualitative. Data collection techniques in this study are interviews, documentation, and library research. In this study, it was found that the strategies carried out by Al Irsyad Al Islamiyyah Elementary School 01 Purwokerto in building a culture of school literacy have shown excellent results by involving all school members, ranging from school principal, teachers, employees, students, school committees and student guardians.


Objective:To study the relativity between the integrity of sperm membrane and the function of sperm.Methods:The eosin-Y and the hyposmotic swelling test were adopted to check the shape of the sperm and the swelling rate of sperm membrane.Results:Between the fertile and the infertile group,there were dramatic differences in the unstained rate of sperm head and the hyposmotic swelling rate(P0.01).At the same time,the swelling rate of sperm membrane was closely related with the motility of sperm.The higher the swelling rate of sperm membrane was,the higher motility was(P0.01).Conclusion:The function of the sperm membrane was closely related with the parameter of the sperm.The function of the sperm membrane is one of important indexs.


SUMMARY

During a period of eight years demographic studies were made of a coastal population of Anthyllis vulneraria L. var. langei Jalas and of an inland population of its var. vulneraria. The coastal population was found in open dune vegetation on a sandy soil, whereas the inland population occurs in a relatively dense, calciphilous grassland vegetation on a loamy soil. Intermittent periods of drought occur both along the coast and inland, but the dune biotope is considerably more arid than the inland one. In the interior, the more fertile soil supports a much denser and richer biocenosis than does the dunal habitat, and this has important consequences for the population biology. In the coastal region much more extreme population density fluctuations take place, whilst the correlation between these fluctuations and the fluctuations of the abiotic environment (drought) are more evident than they are inland. The dunal form is obviously better adapted to periodic droughts, i.e., to an abiotic factor which is not dependent on population density. In the interior, such biotic factors as competition and predation have a much greater influence owing to the more complex mutual relations between individuals and to the richer composition of the total biocenosis. There are differences in germination ecology, in mortality of seedlings and juvenile plants, in reproduction strategy, and in seed predation between the two populations studied. The coastal populations and the inland ones are each to a large extent build up by pure lines on account of the almost obligatory autogamy; these lines exhibit genetically controlled differences in pubescence.


Objective: To analyze the cause of post-peritoneal dialysis infection(PPDI) and its prophylaxis.Method: Analyzed 10 PPDI cases suffered from chronic renal failure.Result: Only 1 case was hospital onset of infection,the other 9cases were community infection.The main causes of infection included non-sterile technique and the nourishment,culture background,family circumstance of patient.Conclusion: PPDI is a multi-factors induced disease,and needs combined prophylaxis and treatment.


Forest composition, quality, and continuity depend on its regeneration. Early stages of pine were assessed on 315 sample plots, within 74 forest stands yielded from 1991 to 1996 under the parental trees treatment. This study was carried out from 1999 to 2001 in Tapalpa, state of Jalisco, based upon the distance method known as "zero plot". This  method  requires classifying  density into the following classes: overstocked, excessive, suggested, sufficient, and understocked, considering also the distance among trees ( 4 m) corresponds to the classed density expressed as number  of trees per  m2 (> 1.0, 0.2501 to 1.0, 0.1111 to 0.2500, 0.0625 to 0.111O, 1.18, 0.88 to 1.17, 0.15 to 0.87, < 0.15), in this way its dispersion was clustered (68 per cent), regular (8 per cent), sparse (11 per cent) and rejected (13 per cent). Forest regeneration tends to be abundant in sorne sample plots and rare in others, but is necessary to use a respective index to each natural and artificial (square in this case) distribution form.


This study aims to examine the effect of charismatic leadership on the psychological safety climate and tacit knowledge sharing. This study also investigates the central role of psychological safety climate as a mediating variable between charismatic leadership and tacit knowledge sharing. This study adopted a simple random sampling method with 61 samples of ustadz/ustadzah from a Pesantren in Banten. The results of this study indicate that charismatic leadership has a significant direct influence on the climate of psychological security and tacit knowledge sharing. Likewise, the psychological safety climate has a significant direct influence on tacit knowledge sharing. This study also finds evidence that charismatic leadership has a significant indirect effect on tacit knowledge sharing through the mediation of a psychological safety climate. Thus, the psychological safety climate acts as a partial mediator in this research model.


This paper addresses the multi-source localization problem by utilizing a novel subspace based joint sparse recovery approach. We firstly introduce a multiple measurement vector (MMV) positioning framework in the context of joint sparse recovery. To sufficiently degrade the effect of measurement noise at a lower cost of deployed anchors, we then optimally hybridize the compressive sensing and array signal processing so that a part of location supports are first identified by CS scheme and the remaining supports are determined by a generalized subspace criterion. Meanwhile, we design a post refined procedure to further improve the estimate accuracy by considering the grid assumption. Finally, a comprehensive set of simulations had been conducted to demonstrate the superiority of our method over the traditional MMV algorithms.


Objective : The purpose of this paper was to describe the personal and social contexts of cancer patients' treatment decisions related to CAM as well as the process through which cancer patients reach CAM decisions throughout the cancer trajectory. Data Sources and Study Selection : A variety of CAM decision-making models published in the past ten years within the Canadian health literature were selected and reviewed. Results : The CAM decision-making process is influenced by a variety of sociodemographic, disease-related, psychological, and social factors. Four main phases of the CAM decision-making process were reviewed: Taking stock of treatment options; Gathering and evaluating CAM information; Making CAM decisions; and, Revisiting the CAM decision. Immediately following diagnosis, cancer patients become interested in taking stock of the full spectrum of conventional and CAM treatment options that may enhance the effectiveness of their treatment and mediate potential side effects. CAM information is then gathered and evaluated from numerous information sources that vary in terms of credibility and scientific legitimacy. When making a decision regarding CAM options, patients attempt to make sense of the diverse information obtained while acknowledging their beliefs and values. The CAM decision is often revisited at key milestones, such as end of conventional treatment, and when additional information about disease, prognosis and treatment is obtained. Conclusions : The CAM decision-making process is a dynamic and iterative process that is influenced by complex array of personal and social factors. Oncology health professionals need to be prepared to offer decision support related to CAM throughout the cancer trajectory. Keywords: Complementary therapies, decision-making process, oncology, health professionals, communication.


The urgency of the problem is due to the fact that respiratory diseases occupy one of the first places in the structure of child morbidity, and community-acquired pneumonia remains one of the main causes of hospitalization and mortality among children. Streptococcus pneumonia remains the leading bacterial etiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia in the total population of pathogens. The article presents a statistical study of the impact of vaccination against pneumococcus on the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in children in Penza, Russia. It was revealed that the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in children vaccinated with 1 3-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine is 3.2 times lower than in unvaccinated children.


A vehicle lamp system comprising vehicle lamps; environment detection means for detecting weather and road surface conditions; and illumination control means for controlling illumination of the vehicle lamps based on weather and road surface conditions. The environment detection means include image capturing means, weather analysis means and road surface analysis means. Reference data acquisition means, which collect information other than image data, includes a control switch for activating vehicle wipers, extraneous light detecting device for detecting ambient light and a receiver for signals from communication devices provided on the road. Road surface analysis means use the brightness contrast of lane markers on the road which are analysed through a correlation between brightness and voltage output from the environment detection means.. The vehicle lamps include driving means to change the range and direction of illumination, light intensity and light colour.


Background: In spite of tremendous investment in cure efforts of diabetes mellitus, still, no cure has been concluded for
any type of diabetes. Control is the only solution option available so far, that help patients manage the signs and symptoms
to certain limits, long term multiple complications is still face multiple long-term health complications
Objectives: To explore the potentials of looking to cure options for diabetes mellitus
Methodology: Systematic review of relevant literature study design has been carried out through utilizing specific key words
at multiple medical search engines including PubMed, midline , Google scholar, and others , revising multiple technical
reports and interviewing experts , more than 10 articles retrieved out of which 5 articles with strict selection criteria
included in the study
Results: The current study reveals that Biotechnology progress is striving in seeing this opportunity to produce new diabetes
therapy and chasing a cure. Currently, the major question will be what is brewing in the field and how it will change the
way. It is recognized as one of the biggest hopes for developing diabetes cure, particularly type one diabetes. Replacing
the missing insulin-producing cells could potentially recover normal insulin production and cure patients, in one of the
platforms for a DRI Bio Hub, The donor islets were implanted within a biodegradable scaffold, made by combining the
patient's own blood plasma with thrombin, and a frequently used, clinical-grade enzyme. Such substances together create
a gel-like material, which adheres to the omentum and holds the islets in place. Currently, there are researches focusing
on the glucose measurement process and injecting the right amount of insulin through what we call artificial pancreas.
Conclusions: Potentials of curing diabetes mellitus is not far away from now, significant investments and trials has been
put in place


Hanjuang, mangosteen, putat, and tabelian plants are used by people of Lanjak deras Village as natural dyes for woven cloth and food so that they can be used as an alternative substitute synthesis indicators that are limited in a remote area. The purpose of the study is to determine the best type of solvent in extracting the samples, pH range, UV spectrum profiles, precision, and accuracy of the plant's extract as indicator. The sample was the plants that are used by the people of West Borneo as natural dyes, namely putat flower, tebelian stem, mangosteen leave, and hanjuang leave. Each sample was macerated with four types of solvents, namely aquadest, ethanol, methanol, and (1:1) ethanol:methanol, then the extract was testing by pH range. The extracts providing color changes were determined for its UV-Vis spectrum profile, stability, accuracy, and precision. The results showed that ethanol and methanol were suitable for extracting mangosteen leaves, methanol for putat flowers, ethanol for hanjuang leaves, and (1: 1) ethanol:methanol for tebelian stems. Mangosteen leaf extract, putat flower, and tebelian stem gave a pH range of 12-14, while hanjuang leaf extract did not change color. The phytochemical test results and UV spectrum profile of mangosteen leaf extract, putat flower, and tebelian stem indicated the presence of phenolic compounds. The powder and extract solution had high stability. Mangosteen leaf extract, putat flower, and tebelian stem had precision and accuracy with the medium category. These data indicated that mangosteen leaf extract, putat flower, and tebelian stem have potential as indicators of acid-base.


TRIM2 and TRIM3 are two highly homologous members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family. They are primarily expressed in neurons and have roles in cell differentiation and polarisation. Although several roles have been proposed
linked to their E3 ligase activity, which is mediated by their N-terminal domains, their proposed role in RNA binding, mediated by their C-terminal NHL domains,
has not yet been studied. Here I present an initial characterisation of the RNA binding motif of the TRIM2 and TRIM3 NHL domains, demonstrating that they preferentially bind cytosine rich sequences, put forward a hypothesis as
to the likely orientation of the RNA along the top surface of the NHL domain, as well as present structures for the TRIM2 NHL and TRIM3 filamin domains. Additionally, I show a difference in stability between the TRIM2 and TRIM3
NHL domains in solution, which I assessed by biophysical measurements and molecular dynamics simulations. I then explore possible interactions between the NHL and filamin domains and how these might differ between TRIM2 and TRIM3. The results presented show differences in the motif and mode of RNA binding as well as in inter-domain interactions when compared to the well studied homologues of these proteins, Brat and TRIM71.


A carefully planned and implemented conservation program can reduce water consumption by 10-30 percent. This reduction will help meet demand, may postpone the construction of capital facilities, and can also help alleviate problems such as overburdened wastewater treatment facilities. For a conservation program to gain acceptance and support, it must be thoroughly analyzed. This article describes a technique to calculate the water savings, benefits, and costs of water conservation programs.


A set to locate all eigenvalues for matrices with a constant main diagonal entry is given, and it is proved that this set is tighter than the well-known Geršgorin set, the Brauer set and the set proposed in (Linear and Multilinear Algebra, 60:189-199, 2012). Furthermore, by applying this result to Toeplitz matrices as a subclass of matrices with a constant main diagonal, we obtain a set including all eigenvalues of Toeplitz matrices.


The authors describe a human case of ophthalmomyiasis caused by the "sheep fly" Oestrus ovis larva. They emphasize the importance of collaboration between practitioner or specialist and parasitologist for a sound, definitive aetiological diagnosis of such uncommon pathologies.


Introduction Pain is a very frequent symptom that is reported by patients when they present to health professionals but remains undertreated or untreated, particularly in low-resource settings including Nigeria. Lack of training in pain management remains the most significant obstacle to pain treatment alongside an inadequate emphasis on pain education in undergraduate medical curricula, negatively impacting on subsequent care of patients. This study aimed to determine the effect of a 12-week structured e-Learning course on the knowledge of pain management among Nigerian undergraduate medical students. Methods Prospective, multisite, pre-post study conducted across five medical colleges in Nigeria. Structured modules covering aspects of pain management were delivered on an e-Learning platform. Pre- and post-test self-assessments were carried out in the 12-week duration of the study. User experience questionnaires and qualitative interviews were conducted via instant messaging to evaluate user experiences of the platform. User experience data was analysed using the UEQ Data Analysis Tool and Framework Analysis. Results A total of 216 of 659 eligible students completed all sections of the e-Learning course. Participant mean age was 23.52 years, with a slight female predominance (55.3%). Across all participants, an increase in median pre- and post-test scores occurred, from 40 to 60 (Z = 11.3, p<0.001, effect size = 1.3), suggestive of increased knowledge acquisition relating to pain management. Participants suggested e-Learning is a valuable approach to delivering pain education alongside identifying factors to address in future iterations. Conclusion e-Learning approaches to pain management education can enhance traditional learning methods and may increase students' knowledge. Future iterations of e-Learning approaches will need to consider facilitating the download of data and content for the platform to increase user uptake and engagement. The platform was piloted as an optional adjunct to existing curricula. Future efforts to advocate and support integration of e-Learning for pain education should be two-fold; both to include pain education in the curricula of medical colleges across Nigeria and the use of e-Learning approaches to enhance teaching where feasible.


The distribution of cytoplasmic DNA in generative and sperm cells of four species in four genera in the Convolvulaceae, i.e., Calonyction aculeatum, Ipomoea aquatica, Quamoclit pennata and Cuscuta japonica, has been detected using DAPI fluorescent staining method. Cytoplasmic DNA is found to occur in generative and sperm cells of all the species except for Cuscuta japonica. This result, together with the previous reports that cytoplasmic DNA is also distributed in male cells of five species in Ipomoea, Pharbitis and Calystegia, may indicate that the presence of cytoplasmic DNA in generative and sperm cells is a general feature of the Convolvulaceae. The absence of such DNA in male cells in the genus Cuscuta supports the establishment of this genus as an independent family, the Cuscutaceae.


In the past two decades museums have sought increasingly to engage audiences with their collections through digital media (ARNOLD-DE SIMINE 2013a), yet there is little empirical data on how the digital experience itself affects visitor perceptions of objects. To address this issue, the Museum of the University of St Andrews (MUSA) and the School of Classics conducted a series of experiments comparing visitor responses to archaeological material presented in four different formats: 1) 3D digitisations 2) A display case 3) A sensory box 4) Artefact handling This article discusses key findings in relation to visitor interest, enjoyment and understanding, and analyses whether objects are more likely to be perceived as 'art' or 'artefact' in different contexts. Finally, it outlines implications for museum policy on the use of digital media and exhibition design. UNIVERSITY MUSEUMS AND COLLECTIONS JOURNAL 47 — VOLUME 1


This paper documents electron variations across simple high-speed streams. Two streams were chosen for full documentation, and hourly averaged parameter plots are presented. Comprehensive scans of the shapes of electron distributions measured at the very highest bulk speeds confirm the results of Rosenbauer and co-workers and show that they are composed of two parts: a low-energy nearly isotropic component and a high-energy strongly beamed component. At 174eV the high-energy beam typically has a full width at half maximum of approx.18/sup 0/; this width decreases with increasing energy. The fact that high-energy electrons are strongly beamed is consistent with a suggestion made previously that for them, pitch-angle-scattering collisions are rare beyond some base radius R/sub 0/. Their angular widths as a function of energy can be reproduced if it is assumed that their velocity distribution is isotropic below R/sub 0/ and evolves with heliocentric distance according to Liouville's theorem. The data are consistent with a base radius between about 10 and 30 R/sub s/. The near isotropy and low temperature of low-energy electrons suggest that binary Coulomb interactions and waves couple them efficiently to one another as well as to the solar wind ions. Beyond the speed maxima but within themore » constant high-speed portions of simple streams, systematic trends in most electron parameters are small. This fact reinforces our previous conclusion that high-speed flows represent a special structure-free state of the solar wind at 1 AU.« less


Toughness index is one of the important mechanical indexes to evaluate the unique mechanical performance of Ultra High Toughness Cementitious Composites (UHTCC). Comparing different testing and evaluating standards of flexural toughness for steel fiber reinforced concrete used in various countries,the fiber reinforced concrete standards of America (ASTM C1018),Deutschland (DBV),and Austria (ORSp) are referred. Five toughness indexes are used from different points of view to quantitatively evaluate the compressive toughness of UHTCC in detail. These indexes include the equivalent compressive strength feq,n ,the post-crack deformation energy An p,the toughness class,the relative toughness index RT1 for evaluating fiber effect,and the relative toughness index RT2 for evaluating the post-peak toughness of UHTCC. The test results,which are obtained from six groups of UHTCC at different compressive strength between 33MPa and 52MPa,indicate that the deformation energy after cracking and the equivalent compressive strength increase with the compressive strength. The relative toughness indexes of RT1 and RT2 show that the toughness of UHTCC is 2.6―3.8 times of the matrix,and the post-peak toughness of UHTCC is 1.7―2.2 times of pre-peak toughness. The fiber effect mainly improves the post-crack toughness. The toughness classes of UHTCC are mainly between class 1 and class 2. All of the indexes demonstrate that UHTCC possess high compressive toughness and plastic deformation capacity,and high post-crack load bearing capacity.


In this paper, we present the development of postu ral expressions of emotions for the humanoid robot Nao in an assistive context. The approach is based on the ada pt tion of human body postures to the case of the Nao robot. I n our paper, the association between the joints of human body an d the joints of Nao robot are described. The postural expressions a re studied for three emotions anger, sadness, and happiness. In our experimental design, we generated 32 postural expre ssions for each emotion and based on the questionnaire-based i nterview of ten external observers, we selected the best five p ostural expressions for each emotion. The results of this work will be integrated in a study designed for children with autism. Keywords-human-robot interaction, social behavior, emotions.


As anyone who has been there can tell you, there is probably no 'thornier' engineering design problem than that of the introductory course in engineering. Along with the traditional requirements that it provide students with a diverse set of fundamental understandings and skills, introduce them to engineering design and to the profession, and illustrate the role of science and analysis, this humble course is now burdened with a host of newly recognized needs. These include the ability to excite a wide range of students about engineering, motivating them to its study, and aiding in the retention of non-traditional engineering students. This paper discusses our efforts to redesign the University of Virginia's Intro to Engineering to better meet all of these requirements, using the Engineering In Context approach. The EIC approach seeks to improve retention and the quality of learning through integration of context. Here, the critical contextual learning component is a semester-long, hands-on project (theme) emphasizing application of the engineering problemsolving method to a current challenge or opportunity, coupled with more focused consideration of problem identification and definition, and the potential impact of a successful solution. In addition to being better able to meet the needs of students, this new cornerstone course is now more attractive to faculty, who are encouraged to draw on their own research and experience in selecting a theme for their students. Although the EIC approach, like problem-based learning, design integration and other techniques for linking theory and practice, is intended to counter the abstraction of technical knowledge and skills advocated by the 'engineering science' model of engineering education, context integration is seen as a potentially more comprehensive and unifying approach.


There is enormous general interest in the automotive sector, and there are many sets of informative data openly available to the public. Companies involved in the automotive aftermarket sector have access to further masses of data, and this can be analysed to provide valuable insights to complement those obtainable from the internet and popular press, discovering hidden knowledge and financial benefit within the data by using statistical analysis, big data analytics, and data science. This article gives examples of insight derived from data giving great value to stakeholders in the sector. The examples are followed by a discussion of the issues involved in applying data science and ensuring that solutions are implemented and are sustainable within the business partner companies.


There are some economic problems such as being small scale,irrelative distribution,disordered management and low efficiency exsting in our general personal enterprises, which lead to the lower competitive power of all enterprises.For this reason ,we must manage these enterprises in clusters in order to change irrelative and disordered enterprises into relative and ordered cluster of enterprises,which have plain purposes and orders , therefore ,will forcefully promote economic growth.


The existence of Indonesian Islam which has its own characteristics and distinctions needs to be studied more deeply. Regarding the problem of radicalism that is currently being faced by the world, Indonesian Islam emerged and made a breakthrough with its moderate teachings. Finally, Indonesian Islam, which has recently been known as Islam Nusantara, has received worldwide attention as a reflection of a peaceful, friendly and tolerant Islam. Indonesian Islam is expected to be the pioneer of world peace. This article attempts to describe what Indonesian Islam can provide and how it can contribute to global civilization.


An efficient nonlinear analysis method is proposed to characterize the dynamics of physiological time series. This method consists of analyzing the symbolic dynamics of the reconstructed phase space of a time series. Since a physiological time series is usually nonstationary, to compensate for the time varying local mean and extract the wave characteristics of the time series, all the vectors in the phase space are normalized. The maximum topological entropy (MTE) criterion is then introduced to find a partition of the phase space. Assessment of this partitioning technique is made using the logistic map and postural sway signals. We used two measures from symbolic dynamics to characterize the dynamics of the original time series. The calculated results for the postural sway signals show that this method enables detecting the dissimilarity of physiological time series in different physiological states.


Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disease without approved therapies, and therapeutics are often tried off‐label in the hope of slowing disease progression. Results from these experiences are seldom shared, which limits evidence‐based knowledge to guide future treatment decisions.


Grandparents have always been the backbone of every family. Thanks to them the knowledge is passed on, values are shaped and traditions nurtured. They are a treasury of knowledge to which all family members reach. They are the people who will be happy to help, take care of, educate, explain and listen to. The relationship between grandparents and their grandchildren is very important, as they often spend a lot of time together and learn from each other. Due to the importance of the topic, a decision to learn more about the relationship between contemporary grandchildren and their grandparents was made. The scientific aim of the article is to learn about the relationships that exist between the studied students and their grandparents. Searching for an answer to the question posed, a research technique in the form of interviews with children was used. As a result of own research, it was shown that the surveyed students have very good relations with their grandparents, speak about them with great respect, and grandparents are a role model for them. The obtained results emphasize the extraordinary role of grandparents in the grandchildren's lives, which is the basis for further studies on a larger scale, taking into account the perspective of grandparents and the demographic data of the surveyed families, which would enable the identification of mutual dependencies.


The mono-anionic, tetradentate tris(phosphino)silyl ligand, [SiP_R^3]- = [(2-R_2PC_6H_4)_3Si]-, provides access to
electrophilic, trigonal bipyramidal Group 10 cations {[SiP_R^3]M(L)}+ that feature weakly coordinated ligands
including toluene, dihydrogen, and dinitrogen. The toluene adduct {[SiP^(Ph)_3]Pt(tol)}+ shows a close contact between the metal center and an aryl C-H bond in the solid state. For the more electron-rich isopropylsubstituted ligand, it is possible to exclude the fifth, axial ligand to afford the four-coordinate, trigonal pyramidal complexes {[SiP^(iPr)_3]Pt}+ and {[SiP^(iPr)_3]Pd}+, in contrast to prototypical d^8 square-planar Pt and Pd geometries. The corresponding cationic Ni complexes reversibly coordinate dinitrogen and dihydrogen.


Objective To investigate pharmacokinetics of remifentanil during anhepatic period of orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT).Methods In 10 cases undergoing OLT,4μg/kg remifentanil was injected intravenously at the beginning of induction and anhepatic periods respectively.The plasma concentration of remifentanil was measured by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC),and the pharmacokinetics character of remifentanil between anhepatic and inducing periods was com-pared.Results Remifentanil had wide distribution and high clearance,and its plasma concentration-time curves were fitted to a three-compartment open model.Conclusion There is no difference of remifentanil metabolism between anhepatic and inducing peri-ods,suggesting that there must be notable extra-hepatic metabolism when remifentanil used in OLT.


This paper starts from the concept of vocational teaching design capacity, for the vocational teaching skills ten decomposition to analyze the characteristics and requirements, and propose ways to improve instructional design capabilities to achieve truly effective in improving teaching quality.


Abstract: In order to promote the construction and reform of the characteristic discourse system of ethnic fine arts education in ethnic colleges and universities, and to strengthen the initiative of the education system itself, the phenomenon of "aphasia" of ethnic minority culture in the national fine arts education system in Chinese colleges and universities was investigated and analyzed. It is found that the "imbalance" of discourse standpoint and "loss of position" of the choice of educational value are the causes of aphasia in the development of art education for ethnic minorities in colleges. The position choice of "discourse" standpoint in national art education is closely related to the value orientation and the "context" of its educational value at the macroscopic social level. The choice of "discourse" in ethnic fine arts education is a choice of discourse position. In fact, the construction of "discourse" in ethnic fine arts education in ethnic colleges is a process of choosing whether to be "dissident" or "oneself", which is closely related to the "grammar" of the construction of educational value at the micro level. The construction and continuation of the "self" characteristics of ethnic fine arts education discourse need to clearly identify the attributes of the subject of the discourse on the "subjective" and adhere to the value standpoint of "self" of education. It is also necessary to construct the ecological "coordinate" of the continuation of "self" characteristics in the realistic fetters and contradictions of multiple value choices.


Distributed Video Coding (DVC) is an emerging video coding approach, particularly attractive due to its flexibility to implement low complex encoders. This feature could be very effectively utilized in a number of video sensor based application scenarios. However, DVC is still in the process of development and currently available codec implementations are mainly based on monoscopic implementations. In this paper, we analyze the performance of a stereoscopic DVC codec in a wireless error prone channel. Simulation results show that the DVC stereoscopic codec outperforms the H.264/AVC I-P-I-P codec (v10.1/baseline profile); particularly at low signal to noise ratio (SNR) levels of the channel, thus proving stereoscopic DVC to be a viable option to be used very effectively for video communications.


Baicalin, a traditional Chinese medicinal monomer whose chemical structure is known, can be used to treat female infertility. However, the effect of baicalin on embryonic development is unknown. This study investigated the effects of baicalin on in-vitro development of parthenogenetically activated (PA) and in-vitro fertilised (IVF) pig embryos and the underlying mechanisms involved. Treatment with 0.1 μg/mL baicalin significantly improved (p<0.05) the in-vitro developmental capacity of PA pig embryos by reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis and increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and ATP level. mRNA and protein expression of SHH and GLI1, which are related to the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway, in PA pig embryos at the 2-cell stage, were significantly higher in the baicalin-treated group than in the control group. To confirm that the SHH signaling pathway is involved in the mechanism by which baicalin improves embryonic development, we treated embryos with baicalin in the absence or presence of cyclopamine, an inhibitor of this pathway. Cyclopamine abolished the effects of baicalin on in-vitro embryonic development. In conclusion, Baicalin improves the in-vitro developmental capacity of PA and IVF pig embryos by inhibiting ROS production and apoptosis, regulating mitochondrial activity and activating SHH signaling.


Two novel nonlinear combining algorithms, namely, dual nonlinear diversity combining (DNDC) and multi-threshold clipper combining (MTCC) are presented in this paper. In particular, for DNDC with the envelope detector, samples of each dehopped signal are weighted by the inverse noise powers and then clipped with a soft-limiter. The results are finally accumulated in the combiner. Likewise with MTCC, the receiver adaptively adjusts the clipper's threshold with an estimation of the power of the jammer and the number of corrupted frequencies. The performance evaluation under worst-case partial noise jammer for different diversity combining algorithms is given to confirm that substantial diversity gain in terms of reduced error rate can be achieved by the use of the proposed algorithms.