A three-dimensional flow of a low-density polyethylene in a spiral–mandrel die for a blown-film extrusion is simulated. The effect of elongational viscosity on the flow in the spiral–mandrel die is analyzed. Elongational viscosity is found to have only a minor effect on the velocity distribution, but a significant effect on the pressure and temperature distributions in the die. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 25: 90–97, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20061


Because the mining scope expands,the mining work well lane unceasingly deepens,the ground administrative personnel is more and more difficult to the mine shaft operatingpersonnel's monitoring and the management,and coordinates for the mine pit normal production control,as well as the mine pit disaster occurs the time to rescue all brings the enormousinfluence,realizing the coal mine shaft personnel's relation through the reliable wireless network communication system,eliminating the ground administrative personnel to the mine shaftoperating personnel field of vision blind spot,enhancing to the mine shaft operating personnel's effective monitoring and the dispatch,enhancing the mine shaft operating personnel's quickreaction capability when the mine disaster occurs,have the vital practical significance for improving the coal mine the safety in production management.


A series of α , α -dialkyl substituted aliphatic esters of vitamin A was prepared. The stability of these compounds was compared with vitamin A palmitate in hydroalcoholic acidic media, alkaline media, and under oxidative conditions. In all cases steric hindrance on the α -carbon of the fatty acid group increased the stability of the esters in solution. Under oxidative conditions it appeared that a long aliphatic chain was necessary for maximal stability. These results indicate that an ester such as vitamin A α , α -dimethylpalmitate could demonstrate optimal stability under all the conditions examined.


The concept of translation norm has occupied a prominent place in Translation Studies as a terminological challenge for scholars and the reflection of their research fields. The emergence and internalisation of norms is a natural consequence of the socialisation process since norms can be also used as evaluation criteria for certain social (permissible and acceptable) behaviours. However, the operation of norms in translation is hard to be observed: the objects of direct observation are products of the translation process and results of norm-governed translator behaviour. A question might be asked whether norms hinder or rather facilitate the process – a potential answer suggests the dependence of norm application on the translator's experience and knowledge accrued as factors central for successful performance. These factors are manifested in the performance of professional translators and interpreters, therefore the article focuses initially on the concept of professionalism in translation and interpreting. This is followed by a brief introduction of the notion of norms positioned in the context of translating and interpreting legal texts. The article closes with the presentation of the survey conducted among translation and interpreting trainees.


The Cr3+/COO- complexation induced aggregation of linear gelatin chains in aqueous solutions under different conditions, such as the Cr3+ and gelatin concentrations, was investigated by a combination of static and dynamic laser light scattering (LLS). The results reveal a competition between the intrachain and interchain complexation. For a given gelatin concentration, there exists a "critical" Cr3+ concentration at which the interchain complexation became dominant. The intensity I(q) of the light scattered from the resultant aggregates was scaled to the scattering vector q as I(q) ∝ q-dq with dq = 1.61−1.84, suggesting that the aggregation was a diffusion-limited process. The variation of the Cr3+ concentration had less influence on the structure of the resultant aggregates. On the other hand, the decrease of the gelatin concentration led to an increase of dq from 1.61 to 2.04, indicating that the aggregation changed from a diffusion-limited process to a reaction-limited one. Precipitation is independent...


The representation of deep convective clouds by convection‐permitting models could be improved by parametrizing the subgrid turbulent fluxes better. Following the work of Verrelle et al., a large‐eddy simulation (LES) of a population of convective clouds at 50‐m grid spacing was explored during the cloud life cycle to characterize the second‐order moment turbulent fluxes. The reference turbulence fields were deduced by coarse‐graining the LES outputs at horizontal grid resolutions of 500 m and 1 and 2 km. The ability of three parametrizations—the traditional K‐gradient model of Cuxart et al. (CBR), the Smagorinsky formulation, and the Moeng approach (MOENG) based on the horizontal gradients of the resolved variables—to reproduce the thermodynamical and dynamical fluxes was assessed in an offline configuration via a comparison with the reference fields. MOENG was the most appropriate scheme to represent the vertical and horizontal heat fluxes at all grid spacings in the clouds and their environment over the entire cloud life cycle, including the appropriate representation of countergradient areas. It also represented the vertical and horizontal moisture fluxes at 1‐km and 500‐m grid spacings best, while its advantage was reduced at a grid spacing of 2 km, as CBR performed slightly better for the statistical scores. MOENG was also able to represent the dynamical covariances well at grid spacings of 1 km and 500 m, even though the statistical scores were not as good as those obtained for the thermodynamical fluxes. The dynamical variances were well represented by CBR; however, for this offline evaluation, the subgrid turbulent kinetic energy, present in CBR formulations, is computed directly from the LES outputs, giving CBR an advantage over the two other diagnosed parametrizations. Also, the reference fluxes revealed an anisotropic deformation of turbulence throughout the troposphere, which was only captured by MOENG.


HARRY STANTON is a senior lecturer in the School of Social Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia. He arrived at this position via stints as a high school teacher and a teachers' college lecturer. Though he enjoys lecturing because of its performance aspects, he entertains serious doubts about its effectiveness as a learning medium Thus. most of his work is done in small groups, some of which are of the pure encounter type and others of which are of the more conventional academic seminar and tutorial type. However, in these latter groups he uses sensitivity training techniques to focus participants' attention upon group processes as well as subject matter content. Much of his research work is related to small group learning but he has, also, a strong interest in the use of hypnosis and meditation to reduce anxiety level in students. Overall, as an educational psychologist he is primarily concerned with facilitating the release of human potential and in making learning as enjoyable a proc-


Objective To research into stress relaxation b iomechanics function of the normal cartilage on femoral head and the cartilage on femoral head frompatient with KBD.The results of two gro ups were compared.Methods Normal cartilage samples were taken from femoral head of fresh cadavers died fromacute head trauma and t he samples fromKBDpatient was taken fromone cadaver died fromacute head iniury.The testes were done by automatic control ele ctron universal testing machine,AG-10TA,in Japan.Results We obtainedthe data andcurve ofstre ss relaxation fromthe normalgroupa ndthe morbidgroup.The normalizati onstress relaxationfunc-tion and curve were obtained after re ducing the experimental data.We obt ained the reduced stress relaxation and creep function and curve by using regression analysis method,and then we obtained regressing coefficient.Conclusion The results of the experi-ment showed that the viscoelasticity' s indexes of the morbid group were sig nificantly lower than those of the normal group.


Simple Summary Ambient air contains a mixture of pollutants, the effects of which on animal and human health have been widely described. In contrast, the effects on physical performance are poorly understood, largely due to the difficulty of implementing an experimental model to study this problem. Thoroughbred horse racing involves many animal athletes, of similar genetics, environmental exposure, training, and diet, who participate by breathing varying mixtures of ambient air. This paper presents an analysis strategy based on the homogeneity of the races, the distance, and the design of the track. This paper presents a preliminary analysis in which we observe that the level of performance is decreased by concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, NO, and CO in the air. Thus, we note that this natural experiment may constitute a model of interest to advance the understanding of the problem. Abstract This study proposes the theoretical principles for the selection of a sample of horse races to study the relationship between air pollutants and performance. These criteria were then applied to an original dataset comparing the correlations between these variables obtained in "Handicap" versus "Conditional" type races. Methods: The mean concentration of pollutants during the six hours prior to the race and the speed of the test were determined in 441 official races at a racecourse in Santiago, Chile, during the summer and winter months of 2012. Using layout, track condition and distance (1000, 1100 and 1200 m) as criteria, a homogeneous group of races ("Handicap"; n = 214) versus a heterogeneous group ("Conditional"; n = 95) were compared using simple correlations (Spearman's test). Results: Race speed was related to greater levels of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, NO and SO2 and it was positively related to O3, a trend that was observed in the 1000, 1100 m races and in the total "Handicap" group. Similar results were observed only in 1000 m for the "Conditional" group with lower Rho, except for PM10 and PM2.5. The total races of the conditional group showed lower Rho values and significant associations of the same trend for CO, NO2, NO and SO2. Conclusions: Horse races between 1000 and 1200 m of the "Handicap" type appear to be an interesting group to study the relationship between air pollutants and the performance of racehorses. In the future, our observations should be expanded to other distances and other types of races.


PurposeThe aim of this paper is to present a method for finding the optimum balance between sequence-dependent setup costs, holding costs, delivery costs and delay penalties in an integrated production–distribution system with lot sizing decisions.Design/methodology/approachTwo mixed integer linear programming models and an optimality property are proposed for the problem. Since the problem is NP-hard, a genetic algorithm reinforced with a heuristic is developed for solving the model in large-scale settings. The algorithm parameters are tuned using the Taguchi method.FindingsThe results obtained on randomly generated instances reveal a performance advantage for the proposed algorithm; it is shown that lot sizing can reduce the average cost of the supply chain up to 11.8%. Furthermore, the effects of different parameters and factors of the proposed model on supply chain costs are examined through a sensitivity analysis.Originality/valueAlthough integrated production and distribution scheduling in make-to-order industries has received a great deal of attention from researchers, most researchers in this area have treated each order as a job processed in an uninterrupted time interval, and no temporary holding costs are assumed. Even among the few studies where temporary holding costs are taken into consideration, none has examined the effect of splitting an order at the production stage (lot sizing) and the possibility of reducing costs through splitting. The present study is the first to take holding costs into consideration while incorporating lot sizing decisions in the operational production and distribution problem.


BACKGROUND: Anal fissure (fissure in ano) is an excruciating manifestation among common anorectal presentations. The condition inflicts significant personal and social ill health causing considerable morbidity. This study aimed at documenting the effect of Murivenna oil infiltration and Triphala choorna oral use along with sitz bath and fiber diet protocol in the management of fistula in ano. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 15 cases diagnosed with primary fissure in ano who underwent prescribed conservative Ayurvedic treatment between March 2018 and February 2019 at the National Ayurveda Research Institute for Panchakarma, Cheruthuruthy, is reported. All patients were managed with anal infiltration of Murivenna oil (30 ml), internal administration of Triphala choorna (10 g), sitz bath, and fiber diet. Retrospective outcome analysis of recorded change in each case on study variables, viz. pain, bleeding per rectum (BPR), anal discharge, inflammation and tenderness, and healing of fissure, was recorded in structured proforma, was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. A Friedman test for repeated measures, followed by Wilcoxon post hoc test, was conducted on the study variables. Results with P-value<.01 were considered significant. RESULTS: Data of 15 patients was used for analysis. Complete healing of the fissure was documented in 93% of patients by the end of their respective 30th day. There was significant relief in symptoms of inflammation, tenderness, anal discharge, and bleeding per rectum (BPR) in most of the patients within their first 7 days of treatment. Median pain level assessed on VAS was significantly reduced from 9 (on the 1st day) to 1 (on the 7th day) and eventually to 0 on the 30th day. Statistically significant difference was observed in the percentage healing of fissure measured on the 8th day (78 ± 11.464), 15th day (91.33 ± 9.904), and 30th day (99.33 ± 2.582). CONCLUSION: The observatory report provides significant elementary evidence on the effectiveness of an Ayurvedic conservative treatment in managing acute and chronic primary fissure in ano.


A research of extracting folic acid from silkworm droppings, this study investigate the impact of factors such as the adsorbents, adsorption temperature and desorption agents through the extraction of folic acid. The results show the optimum conditions were as follows: activated carbon as adsorbent, the adsorption temperature is 50 ℃, mixed 3% ammonia and 70% ethanol solution as desorption agents. The quality of folic acid reaches the national standard GB7302-1987. The product ration of folic acid is 0.16%.


The problem of natural convection from a thermally radiating fin to air is solved as a conjugate phenomenon, coupling the relevant consititutive equations. Integral method of analysis is employed to solve the non-linear thermal problem. From the results, it is observed that the process of heat dissipation from the lateral face of the fin is dependent on three dimensionless parameters viz., the temperature ratio term ΨT', the conduction-convection-radiation parameter ΨT' and the fin parameter At. Results are discussed to bring out the influence of these parameters. The efficiency characteristics presented in the analysis can be employed in the design of a fin taking into consideration the actual working conditions. Explicit expression is provided to calculate the average Nusselt number


This chapter provides the conceptual and historical context for the rest of the book. The authors argue that teaching in public provides a framework within which teaching in classrooms and collaboration between student and teacher can be located within the wider debate about the nature and purposes of higher education and the relationship between higher education and the state.


Combined with the application practice of customer service and billing information management system for gas business enterprise,the main technical points of the system architecture including V model for customer master data,powerful and flexible billing function sustained by price engine and powerful function of payment processing and bill production are analyzed. The key technical problems including the establishment of customer master data model,construction of complex pricing ability and development of interconnection capacity between banks and enterprises are discussed.


Relationship between maternal, perinatal and nursery factors to neurologic outcome of infants with birthweight (BW) ≤1500g were evaluated. Two hundred-eleven infants born from Jan. 1979 - Dec. 1981 were discharged from the nursery and 159 (75.4%) were followed to a minimum of 40 weeks chronologic age corrected for prematurity. Multiple maternal demographic, medical, socioeconomic, perinatal and obstetrical factors were evaluated. The incidence of these factors in BW categories of ≤1000g and 1001-1500g and their significance related to abnormal neurologic outcome was evaluated. There were no differences in incidence of maternal or obstetrical factors in the two BW categories. Infants with BW ≤1000g had a greater incidence of seizures, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis and multiple infections in the nursery than the larger infants (p<0.025).Nineteen infants (12%) of the entire group were neurologically abnormal on follow-up, including 5 of the 15 infants with BW ≤ 1000g (33%) and 15 of the 144 infants with BW 1001-1500g (10%). (p<0.05) There were no differences in incidence of maternal or obstetrical factors between neurologically normal or abnormal infants. A greater incidence of 1 min Apgar score ≤4, need for ventilatory assistance, apnea and seizures in the nursery (p<0.05) was found in the abnormal group. In summary, neither maternal or obstetrical factors related to BW or to neurologic outcome. Postnatal complications were found more often in very tiny infants and in those neurologically abnormal on follow-up.


The invention belongs to the field of high-polymer chemistry and materials science, and discloses polytriazole with intrinsic flame retardance and a preparing method and application thereof. Polytriazole has structures shown in the formula (I) or (II), wherein n represents an integer ranging from two to two hundreds, R1, R3 and R4 represent the same or different organic groups, R2 represents a connecting functional group, Fx represents fluorine atoms connected to a benzene ring, and x represents the number of F atoms and is an integer ranging from two to four. A two-functionality-degree or three-functionality-degree compound containing multi-fluorine aryl activated azido and a two-functionality-degree alkynyl compound are subjected to polymerization reaction in organic solvent or in a molten state to obtain polytriazole. Prepared polytriazole has excellent machinability, film-forming property, high heat stability, intrinsic flame retardance and aggregation-induced emission performance and can be used for chemical fluorescence detection and preparation of a flame retardant material.


In a recent paper, Yan et al. (2017) offered a statistical re-assessment of the response of stomata density in leaves to environmental conditions using published data sets, including (pre-)historical time series, environmental gradients and manipulative experiments. The authors arrive at a few trends and they conclude that the issue is complicated, responses vary and there is a need for better research. This meta-analysis, like many previous ones, suffered from insufficient or missing data stratification and employing inappropriate assumptions. I am concerned to see repeatedly impressive statistics being applied to amalgamated data sets.

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In view of the rapid development trend of intelligent manufacturing and the application status of OPC UA protocol in the field of intelligent manufacturing, the requirement of building OPC UA server on resource constrained platform is proposed. By building STM32 platform and FreeRTOS system environment, the transplantation and operation of OPC UA protocol stack in resource limited platform are realized, the main memory space occupied by OPC UA protocol stack is analyzed, and the implementation path is proposed for later optimization. Through experimental verification, the OPC UA protocol stack runs on the resource limited platform, and the server can be widely used and popularized in the resource limited platform.


IS CANCER A GROWING MENACE? All statistics agree in indicating that the proportion of deaths recorded in civilized communities as the result of cancer has been increasing for several years, but the exact significance of this fact is not yet agreed on. It is perfectly evident that the average age of the people of these communities has also been increasing during the same period, partly from lowered birth rate, partly from reduction in the mortality from tuberculosis, typhoid, diphtheria and numerous other infectious diseases that attack the young, especially the infantile diseases. Obviously, every person saved from death in youth becomes a potential victim of cancer in later years, and consequently every improvement in public health leads to an increased cancer mortality. Should a means be found to cure or prevent effectively the last remaining large group of infectious diseases, the acute respiratory infections, there would result a marked augmentation


This letter is concerned with the problem of estimating camera orientation from a set of 2D/3D line correspondences, which is a major part of the Perspective-n-Line (PnL) problem. There are some cases that usually occur in real applications for PnL: the input line correspondences are corrupted by mismatches (a.k.a. outlier correspondences). The RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm is the de facto standard for solving outlier-contaminated PnL problems. However, RANSAC is a non-deterministic algorithm, which means that it produces a reasonable result only with a certain probability. Therefore, a PnL algorithm that could obtain a certifiably optimal solution from outlier-contaminated data is a matter of priority for some safety-critical applications. In this letter, we take a big step towards this goal by investigating globally optimal camera orientation estimation algorithms. Firstly, we decouple the rotation and translation estimation of a PnL problem by considering the geometrical property of the PnL problem. The Branch-and-Bound (BnB) algorithm is applied and it globally searches the entire rotation space to obtain the optimal camera orientation. To investigate the performance of our method, we tested the proposed algorithm on both synthetic and real data, and the results show that our algorithms can obtain the optimal camera orientation and are more robust than several state-of-the-art PnL methods.


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, lethal neurodegenerative disease that selectively affects motor neurons. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are assumed to be involved in the pathogenesis of ALS. Metallothioneins (MTs) are self‐protective, multifunctional proteins that scavenge ROS. In particular, metallothionein‐III (MT‐III) has a strong scavenging effect on hydroxyl radicals. MTs have been suggested to have important roles in the pathophysiology of ALS. Therefore we investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MT‐III and the metallothionein‐IIA (MT‐IIA) promoter region in 37 Japanese SALS cases and 206 sex‐matched healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐direct sequencing or PCR‐temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE). We detected no SNPs of the MT‐III gene in SALS cases and controls, and no detectable association between SALS phenotypes and a SNP of the MT‐IIA promoter region. We conclude that gene polymorphisms of MT‐IIA promoter region and MT‐III gene are not associated with SALS phenotypes in a Japanese population.


Max Bruch was one of the most successful German composers of the 19th century. It was only towards the end of the century that his music increasingly lost of its appeal with audiences who turned toward more modern composers (Strauss, Mahler, Reger). Disappointed at the growing number of compositional failures, Bruch began to sympathize with anti-Semitic thought which had been spreading in Berlin since the 1870s. It seems particularly paradox that, in a letter written in 1902 to his publisher Simrock, Bruch attacked three Berlin musicians with brutal anti-Semitic invectives, who had been his best and most loyal friends for decades, and to whom he owed decisive contributions to his compositional career: Joseph Joachim, Friedrich Gernsheim and Siegfried Ochs. Although in this partivular case the anti-Jewish statements of the composer were triggered by dashed hopes for performances and publications, and although his bitter outburst was deeply rooted in his particular personality structure, Max Bruch can be regarded as the exemplary case of the "bourgeois" anti-Semitism of the imperial era.


................................................................................................................. 1 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ 2 Chapter I—Introduction ...................................................................................... 3 1.1 Breast Cancer ............................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Estrogen and the Estrogen Receptor ......................................................................... 7 1.3 Metalloestrogens ....................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Methylmercury ....................................................................................................... 10 1.5 The Thioredoxin System ........................................................................................ 14 1.6 Thioredoxin Reductase ........................................................................................... 16 1.7 Methylmercury and Thioredoxin Reductase .......................................................... 17 1.8 Thioredoxin Reductase and Cancer ........................................................................ 18 1.9 ROS and Cancer ..................................................................................................... 18 1.10 Hypothesis ............................................................................................................ 21 Chapter II—Materials and Methods ................................................................ 22 2.1 Experimental Design .............................................................................................. 22 2.2 Cell Culture ............................................................................................................. 22 2.3 Preparation of Cell Lysate ...................................................................................... 23 2.4 Determining Protein Concentration ........................................................................ 23 2.5 Selenocysteine Assay for Thioredoxin Reductase .................................................. 23 2.6 ROS Assay with DCFH-DA ................................................................................... 24 Chapter III—Results and Discussion ................................................................ 28 3.1 Goals and Objectives .............................................................................................. 28 3.2 Selenocysteine Assay for Thioredoxin Reductase .................................................. 28 3.3 ROS Assay with DCFH-DA ................................................................................... 34 Chapter IV—Conclusions .................................................................................. 38 References ............................................................................................................ 40 Appendix .............................................................................................................. 46 Appendix I .................................................................................................................... 46 Appendix II ................................................................................................................... 47 Appendix III ................................................................................................................. 48 Appendix IV ................................................................................................................. 49 Appendix V ................................................................................................................... 50 Appendix VI ................................................................................................................. 51


The present paper deals with influence of habitat on VAM infection in Plantago ovata.growing wild and under cultivation .Plant growing wild showed heavy general VAM infection (100%) as compared to cultivated in which 78% general VAM infection was recorded. In wild P. ovata only 12% of the root segments showed external hyphae while in cultivated P.ovata external hyphae were totally absent. Internal hyphae were 36% in both while vesicular infection was high as compared to arbuscular infection. Variation in vesicles length and hyphal width indicates the presence of multiple VAM infection.


Early‐onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) is distinct from the classic late‐onset PD (LOPD) because of its slower disease progression. The aim of this study was to compare dopamine neuronal loss in EOPD with that of LOPD with the same disease duration, through dopamine transporter (DAT) estimation. Fourteen patients, seven EOPD (<50 years) and seven LOPD, matched for disease duration were scanned with [99mTc]‐TRODAT‐1‐SPECT (INER‐Taiwan), and were assessed with standard PD scales. EOPD patients had 34% lower striatal DAT binding potential (BP) compared with that of LOPD patients (BP = 0.29 ± 0.12, BP = 0.44 ± 0.12, P < 0.02) with similar PD severity. These results suggest that EOPD patients have greater dopamine density loss than LOPD patients without motor‐symptom worsening. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society


In the context with the solution of interaction of foundation structures and subsoil is complexity of a static solution given mainly by selection of a computational model, effects of physical-nonlinear behaviour of such structure and co-effects of the upper structure and the foundation structure. The purpose of this paper is to compare subsidence of the foundation measured during the experiment and numerical calculations based on FEM. This paper describes how calculated deformations depend on parameters of subsoil modelled by 3D finite elements. The parametric study includes charts of the dependence of resulting deformation on the choice of boundary conditions, on the size of the modeled area represents the subsoil, on the depth of 3D subsoil model and the size of the ground area 3D subsoil model.


Seventeen islands in Lake Manapouri, New Zealand, were sampled for species richness of bryophytes in beech (Nothofagus solandri) forest. Up to four quadrats were examined per island. There was little evidence for an isolation effect on species richness; a significant relation was found only with overall (i.e. all macroenvironments), total (i.e. all microenvironments) bryophyte richness when in a multiple regression with area, and with only one of the two measures of isolation used. However, area (log transformed) was strongly related to bryophyte richness, explaining up to 83% of the variation in it. In the case of the total bryophyte flora, the relation was significantly curved, with little effect of island area among small islands. The combination of a strong area effect and an isolation effect is compatible with the equilibrium hypothesis; however, the weakness of the isolation effect, and the curvilinear relation with area, raise doubts. The results are also compatible with the small island habitat hypothesis that habitats on small islands are not comparable with any on large islands, even on the edge of the latter, perhaps because of differences in exposure.


Established – outsider theory has been a useful tool for explaining the nature and course of local conflicts since its introduction in the 1960s. However, increased mobility and changing lifestyles have led to a change in the role of the local community in people's lives. Established – outsider theory can still be very relevant in explaining the course of local conflicts, if combined with new insights on the relation between space and community and the geographical concept of scale. Then it becomes clear that groups can use a number of scalar strategies in order to win a local conflict. An analysis of local conflicts in the Dutch village of Amerongen shows the related character of these strategies.


BS>The acceleration of plasma by r-f gradient fields was previously demonstrated. Plasma velocities up to 2 x 10/sup 6/ cm/sec for Hg ions were measured for applied r-f fields less than 200 v/cm at 140 and 350 Mc and found to be in agreement with a theory developed on the basis of energy considerations. The applied frequency was raised to 2.4 kMc. Greater resolution of the velocity measurement was achieved by pulsing the accelerating r-f field. The r-f pulse time delay can be adjusted relative to the initiation of the plasma pulse to select a plasma volume element of critical density and thus accelerate to optimum velocity. The ion velocity was found to depend approximately linearly on the field strength. The plasma density in the 2.4 kMc experiments was higher than that of the previous experiments by a factor of about 100, The highest bulk ion velocity measured at 700 v/cm was 8 x 10/sup 5/ cm/sec. The data, obtained at applied frequencies one order of magnitude higher than those previously employed and taken over a wider field strength range, were in good agreement with the theory when the functional dependence of the collision frequency upon plasma density and r-fmore » field strength was considered. In the range of the experiments, the increase in collision frequency with increasing applied frequency reduced the gain in thrust expected from the use of a more dense plasma at a higher applied frequency. (auth)« less


The rules of law stated in article 176 of Property Law,which are suitable for the hypothec realization order in the case of co-existence of guarantor guarantee and material guarantee and for the internal relationship between the mortgagee and guarantor,can be adopted in various co-guarantee cases such as: the priority of the agreement between co-guarantors;the priority of the debtor's real security to the third party's security right,if without agreements;if all the security rights are provided by the third party,the guarantor who has performed the secured obligatory right shall not claim other guarantors for recovery,vice versa,it's not relevant to other parties if the secured party abandons some guarantee.Therefore,some rules in article 12 of Security Law about co-guaranty system,such like,to infer internal connection between guarantors when no agreements are reached,or to affirm recourse,etc.,conflicting with those in article 176 of Property Law,are no longer applicable.


In our country, game software industry is a new industry which has a great deal of space for existence and development. It also gets more concern and dispute from society. In order to solve the problems existing in our country' s game software industry, the paper discusses the healthy, harmonious and sustainable developing way of our country' s game software industry by applying sustainable development conceptions.


In this paper, under some technical conditions on the coefficients, we prove Ihara's lemma for Shimura curves over totally real fields. We then construct examples where the multiplicities of Galois representations in the cohomology groups of Shimura curves are two. These examples provide some evidence for the BDJ conjecture.


This keynote is intended to provoke a discussion on crosscutting in early stages of software development. Both proponents and opponents of Early Aspects are invited to attend.
 The speaker works in requirements engineering (RE) and is not directly involved with work on Early Aspects. Nevertheless, RE is certainly early. The speaker believes that in RE, one never sees any cross-cutting concerns, but there are plenty of concerns there and these are all requirements. The speaker is of the view that, in the early stages, requirements are not well enough structured, and that, any concern can be identified as crosscutting as opposed to not crosscutting. Consequently, it is hard to define which concerns are crosscutting and which are not. Everything is just a concern. Nevertheless, there will certainly be crosscutting concerns later when the required system is built.


This is the final report on the LDRD, though the interested reader is referred to the ANS Transactions paper which more thoroughly documents the technical work of this project.


The bovine Tricofitosis is a disease that can reach the level of epidemic, caused by dermatophytes, which affect the skin, hair and cornified integument. It ...


Suicide attempts by self-poisoning have become a critical health problem. This study aimed to investigate the trend, incidence, and the associated risk factors of suicide attempts by self-poisoning. A total of 7398 Egyptian patients were analyzed. The trend of suicide attempts by self-poisoning was analyzed using 6745 patients over four registry years from January 1, 2016, to January 1, 2020. Then, the associated risk factors behind attempted suicide by self-poisoning from January 1, 2019, to January 1, 2020, were assessed using 2523 suicide attempters by self-poisoning, 201 fatalities by self-poisoning, and another 653 survivors of accidental poisoning. Results showed a rising trend of suicide attempts by self-poisoning over the studied years. The incidence of suicide attempts through deliberate self-poisoning represented 26.63/1,000 (CI95%: 25.63–27.86) to the admitted patients and 26.10/100,000 (CI95%: 25.10–27.14) to the regional population. The death rate due to suicide attempts by self-poisoning was 2.08/100,000 (1.90–2.49). The case fatality rate and the proportionate mortality rate for suicide by self-poisoning were 7.38% (CI95%: 6.45–8.42) and 14.11% (CI95%: 12.4–16.0) respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that attempted suicide by self-poisoning was predicted among patients aged <25 or 25–40 years old (OR = 27.49, CI95%: 15.28–49.64 and OR = 59.42, CI95%: 32.76–107.77 respectively), those of low or moderate socioeconomic status (OR = 35.03, CI95%: 21.32–57.56 and OR = 14.11, CI95%: 10.86–18.43 respectively), students (OR = 2.91, CI95%: 1.57–5.43) and those living in rural residency (OR = 4.12, CI95%: 3.27–5.19). Suicide attempts by self-poisoning exhibited an incremental rise across time which raises a serious concern. Efforts should be directed to overcome the mentioned risk factors triggering suicide attempts by self-poisoning.


Objectives : The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of moxibustion on the pain behavior and expression of TRPM8 in the dorsal root ganglion(DRG) in the rat model of ambient cold(AC) exposed osteoarthritis(OA). Methods : OA was induced by the injection of 50 μ l of 2% monosodium iodoacetate(MIA) into the knee joint cavity. To examine the level of pain, weight bearing forces(WBFs) of affected limb was measured. For the AC exposure, the animals were housed in 6 h/day at 4 o C for 14 days after MIA injection. Moxibustion treatment was performed at EX-LE4 and EX-LE5 with 5 cons(1, 7 or 10 mg) per day for 13 days from 5 days after MIA injection. The expressions of TRPM8 in DRG were measured by western blotting analysis. Results : The WBFs of MIA-AC group were decreased significantly compared to MIA group at 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 days after arthritis induction. After the first 6 h-AC exposure, expressions of TRPM8 in MIA-AC group were increased significantly compared to those of naive group. After moxibustion treatment, only the WBFs of 7 mg treated group were restored significantly. Moreover, the over-expressions of TRPM8 were attenuated by the moxibustion treatment in AC exposed rats. Conclusions : The data suggest that AC can increase arthritic knee pain via up-regulated TRPM8 and moxibustion treatment improve the arthritic pain via modulation of TRPM8 expression in DRG in the rat model of AC exposed MIA induced arthritis.


When independent component analysis (ICA) is applied to color natural images, the representation it learns has
spatiochromatic properties similar to the responses of neurons in primary visual cortex. Existing models of ICA
have only been applied to pixel patches. This does not take into account the space-variant nature of human vision.
To address this, we use the space-variant log-polar transformation to acquire samples from color natural images,
and then we apply ICA to the acquired samples. We analyze the spatiochromatic properties of the learned
ICA filters. Qualitatively, the model matches the receptive field properties of neurons in primary visual cortex, including
exhibiting the same opponent-color structure and a higher density of receptive fields in the foveal region
compared to the periphery. We also adopt the "self-taught learning" paradigm from machine learning to assess the
model's efficacy at active object and face classification, and the model is competitive with the best approaches in computer vision.


The major purpose of this study is to obtain the evident and visual structure of costume of priest with symbol through the Old Testament. Based on corroborative the Old Testament, this thesis analyzes the costume of priest. This compares Aaron with his sons. This compares the two onyx stones on the shoulder pieces with four rows of precious stones on the breastpiece. This compares the robe with the woven tunic. This era falls on about from the 15th century before Christ. The crafts men whom God have endowed with skill make the vestments. Due to the christian religion, the body was entirely concealed. The costume of priest were not only used as dignity but also grandeur. According to the Old Testament the colour of the costume has signified not only the colour sense but also important symbolic meanings. The priest wore, over undergarments, a woven tunic, and he wore over the tunic, a robe, an ephod, a breastpiece, a sash, using a turban as head covering. Gold, and blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and fine linen are used. Aaron and his sons must wear them whenever they enter the Tent of Meeting or approach the altar to minister in the Holy Place, so that they will not incur guilt and die.


A MWR(Missile Warning Radar) of GVES(Ground Vehicle Equipment System) has to effectively decide the threat for a detected target. Linear Approximation Fitting(LAF) and Weighted Linear Approximation Fitting(WLAF) algorithm is proposed as algorithm for a threat decision method. The target is classified into a threat or non-threat using a boundary condition of the angular rate, and the boundary condition is determined using probability model simulation. This paper confirms the performance of proposed threat decision algorithm using measurement.


AbstrcatIn the paper is reviewed the direct pyrolysis and roasting processes by rotary kiln,reverberatory furnace,multiple hearth furnace,fluidized bed,flash roaster as well as additives co-roasting process for molybdenite.Suggestion is put forward on the development of molybdenum roasting process.


Questions of development of the system of a services quality management of the transport organization and its introduction for LLC "Avtotransvoyage" are considered. Indicators of an estimation of processes of perfection and development of system of a services quality management of the transport organization are resulted.


The geometry of flat spacetime modded out by a null rotation (boost + rotation) is analysed. When embedding this quotient spacetime in String/M-theory, it still preserves one half of the original supersymmetries. Its connection with the BTZ black hole, supersymmetric dilatonic waves and one possible resolution of its singularity in terms of nullbranes are also discussed.


Objective:To investigate the variation law of attack time of coronary heart disease patients with arrhythmia.Methods:To Use the MGY HLTER12.NET3 dynamic electrocardiogram analysis system to check arrhythmia times and time distribution law of 216 coronary heart disease patients with arrhythmia.The checking time were 24 hours.Results:6~12 hour was the fastest peak stage of the heart rate.In this period,the rate of ventricular premature,supraventricular premature and intermittently bundle branch block was the highest.0~6 hour was the the slowest peak stage of the heart rate and the attack peak period of sinoatrial block,sinus standstill and atrioventricular block.Conclusion It can reduce the attack rate of arrhythmia of coronary heart disease patients to avoid making sports in the morning.


to play its part in any enterprise of value to history and historians. The Association has always felt a special responsibility for the teaching of history at all levels in American educational institutions. Since 1895, seven committes of the Association have produced and published more than twenty volumes of reports on various aspects of this subject. These reports have been widely used and have played an important part in developing the curricula used in secondary and higher education in this country. These reports have been at least partially responsible for the fact that history has a firmly established place in


During acute Graft-versus-Host Disease (aGVHD), donor T cells invade host tissues and cause multi-organ damage. However, the organ-specific drivers of pathogenic alloimmunity are still poorly understood. To uncover both the universal and organ-specific mechanisms driving T cell-mediated damage in target tissues during aGVHD, we analyzed the flow cytometric phenotype as well as transcriptomic signatures of T cells in healthy control animals, in autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) controls, and during aGVHD after allogeneic HCT, using our established non-human primate aGVHD model. In this study we focused on 2 aGVHD target organs: the liver and lungs. Using both supervised and unsupervised flow cytometric analysis, we discovered that, during aGVHD, both liver- and lung-infiltrating T cells demonstrated similar phenotypes dominated by mature effector-memory CD8 T cells. In contrast, transcriptomic analysis revealed organ-specific gene expression programming. Through Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), differential expression (DE) analysis, and immune pathway analysis, we identified that the lung aGVHD T cell transcriptomic program was specifically associated with extracellular matrix-remodeling and chemotaxis pathways. In contrast, in liver aGVHD, we found enrichment for metabolic stress responses and cytokine signaling pathways. These results suggest that at the transcriptomic level, T cells infiltrating different aGVHD-target organs are uniquely programmed and could be amenable to organ-specific therapeutic targeting.
 Supported by grants from the NIH (F31HL1562880)


Analysts and columnists from the left and right have had time to react to the new healthcare replacement plan. What are they saying?


Lateral epicondylitis is a common orthopedic condition affecting up to 3% of the American population. Rest, activity modification, and conservative therapies are generally efficacious in relieving symptoms in the majority of patients; however, a small percentage of people will experience refractory pain and require surgical intervention to alleviate their discomfort. Surgical release of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon origin can be done through an open, percutaneous, or arthroscopic approach. Many authors report high success rates among these 3 procedures. A host of anatomic and cadaveric studies have highlighted the locations of important neurovascular and soft-tissue structures, helping to make the arthroscopic approach to lateral epicondylitis safer. In this study, we present the operative technique used by our senior authors for the arthroscopic management of lateral epicondylitis. In addition, our initial clinical experience and outcomes are presented. It appears that all 3 surgical approaches result in high success rates with a trend toward earlier return to work and full activity with less invasive procedures.


We introduce a self-referenced system that retrieves the full spatio-temporal profile of an ultrashort pulse using a Shack-Hartmann and second harmonic generation FROG. The key feature is the precise co-location of a spectral phase measurement at one spatial position with the spectrally resolved spatial measurements.


FIELD: medicine, virology. SUBSTANCE: method involves administration of 1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolane-5-yl]-5-fluorocytosine as a single dose containing from 10 to 150 mg of cis-isomer. Preparation shows strong activity against hepatitis B. EFFECT: improved method of inhibition. 2 cl, 9 ex


The disruption of serotonin 5‐HT2A receptor (5‐HT2AR) and 5‐HT2CR function is implicated in psychiatric disorders that range from addiction to schizophrenia. Previous studies have demonstrated that these structurally similar class A G protein‐coupled receptors exist as homomers in living cells (Brea et al., Mol Pharm 75:1380, 2009; Herrick‐Davis et al., Biochemistry 43:13963, 2004), and we are interested in the possibility that these two receptors are in the same protein complex, which may regulate their signaling and/or trafficking. The 5‐HT2AR and 5‐HT2CR co‐localize to neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of the rat (Nocjar et al, Neuroscience 25:22, 2015) and co‐immunoprecipitate from mPFC preparations (Anastasio et al, ACS Chem. Neurosci. 15:1248, 2015). To expand this work, we designed a luciferase complementation assay (LCA) to test the hypothesis that the 5‐HT2AR and 5‐HT2CR are in close proximity (~50 nm) in living cells. In the LCA, two complementary N‐terminal (NLuc) and C‐terminal (CLuc) components, which alone do not have enzymatic activity, were fused to the 5‐HT2AR and 5‐HT2CR, respectively, and transiently transfected into HEK293 cells. In the presence of the substrate D‐luciferin, we hypothesized that the association of the two receptors would bring the inactive luciferase fragments into close proximity to reconstitute the enzymatic activity of luciferase. The LCA showed robust complementation (i.e., increased luminescence) dependent on cDNA transfection ratios, with optimal signal achieved at a 3:1 ratio of 5‐HT2CR‐NLuc to 5‐HT2AR‐CLuc (n=3, p<0.001). Co‐transfection with plasmid DNA encoding unlabeled 5‐HT2AR or 5‐HT2CR, inhibited the complementation between the two tagged receptors (n=3, p<0.001, and p<0.01, respectively). In ongoing studies we are exploring the effect of receptor selective agonists and antagonists on protein complementation. Taken together, we have detected a 5‐HT2AR:5‐HT2CR complex whose formation is dependent on the relative expression of the individual receptor protomers. Because these receptors are important drug targets in psychiatric disorders, a greater understanding of this novel receptor complex may also provide insights for the development of novel pharmacotherapeutics.


The paper presents the possibility of the antimicrobial activity of salt complexes with transition metals nitrites. Represented Experiment preparation of the complexes with the use of IR spectroscopy. The possibilities of the antimicrobial activity of the complexes in the environment of surfactants and petroleum oils. A treatment of the dependence of the thermodynamic parameters of molecules and antimicrobial properties.


A new species of Omphalodes from the high mountain region of Kumluca (Antalya) is described here and named as O. nedimeae. A phylogenetic tree based on the nuclear-encoded ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region suggests a close relationship with O. luciliae. The new species differs from the morphological similar species by having dense strigose hairs covering all vegetative parts and dense trichomes on its nutlets. We suggest that it should be in the "critically endangered" threat category according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria.


Food processors are seeking ways of entering the growing Asian markets. Australian companies need an understanding of how food markets evolve so that they can improve their ability to identify opportunities. Success for a processor is defined as securing a defensible and durable position in a market that offers good returns. Viewing food markets in four stages of development provides a framework for analysis. There is only limited scope for food processors in subsistence markets. In developed consumer markets opportunities arise if a differentiated product can be developed or there is comparative advantage. Australian processors may have their best chance of successfully securing a defensible position in discretionary income and developed agribusiness markets by focussing on scaling up the production of traditional food products. The quest is for a product that intersects with mass market demand that meets market attractiveness criteria. Consumers in Asian markets will share the concerns of consumers in the West with respect to food safety but it is important to understand their perceptions with respect to food quality and the way in which they will use the product. Asian acceptance of functional foods may give Australian agribusiness the opportunity to focus on this type of product development and justify increased research. Given the nature of the new product challenge facing Australian agribusiness the demarcation between food science and marketing needs to be reconsidered.


We demonstrate the first InAs/GaAs quantum-dot (QD) superluminescent diode (SLD) monolithically grown on both Ge and Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The QD SLDs on Ge substrates exhibit a 3 dB emission bandwidth of ~60 nm with output power of 27 mW at room temperature, and operates up to 100 °C. We also report the first QD SLD monolithically grown on a Si substrate. A two-section ridge structure has been used to achieve a close-to-Gaussian emission spectrum of 114 nm centered at ~1255 nm wavelength, with a maximum output power of 2.6 mW at room temperature.


Atmospheric aerosols supply nutrients and other substances to the ocean and may influence net primary productivity and carbon uptake. The most pronounced influence of atmospheric deposition (AD) on marine biogeochemical processes occurs in oligotrophic seas and it is expected to increase in the future scenarios of a warmer atmosphere with increased atmospheric emissions and deposition rates. The first direct contact of atmospheric substances with seawater occurs at the sea-surface microlayer (SML), a 1-1000 µm top seawater layer placed between the atmosphere and the sea. AD of specific organic substances affects the bioavailability and toxicity of marine trace metals by changing their speciation.

We studied Cu - organic matter interactions in samples of the SML and underlying water (ULW, 0.5 m depth) collected during the period of retrieval of sea surface oligotrophic conditions (February-July 2019) at the coastal central Adriatic sites (Martinska and Jadrija, Šibenik archipelago). During the sampling period, specific intensive atmospheric events in the area such as open field biomass burning (20.2.2019, 2.3.2019, 13.6.2019), pollen (2.4.2019, 17.4.2019), and Saharan dust (22.-23.4.2019) have been identified. We applied the electrochemical method of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and chronopotentiometric stripping (CPS) to determine the complexation capacity of Cu (CuCC), reduced sulfur species (RSS), and proteinaceous compounds, respectively. CuCC was determined according to the Ružić-van den Berg linearization model with the assumption of Cu : ligand = 1 : 1. Containing functional groups with S, N, and/or O, RSS, and proteinaceous compounds were followed due to their very high affinity toward Cu binding.

CuCC concentrations ranged from 23-654 nM, with corresponding apparent stability constants log Kapp 7.2-10.0. The highest CuCC values were determined in the SML samples from March and April 2019 at both stations: 654 nM (2.4.2019, Martinska), 336 nM, and 152 nM (2.4.2019 and 17.4.2019, Jadrija), 282 nM (6.3.2019, Jadrija). In those samples, the highest concentrations of RSS (up to 24.6 µg/L equiv. of glutathione) and proteinaceous compounds (up to 19.7 µg/L equiv. of bovine serum albumin) were also detected. Furthermore, selected SML samples were also enriched for CuCC by a factor of : 5.4 (2.4.2019, Martinska), 5.5 (6.3.2019, Jadrija), 5.3 (2.4.2019, Jadrija), and 2.1 (17.4.2019, Jadrija) relative to the corresponding values obtained for ULW samples.

The assessment of specific atmospheric sources and the nature of the enrichments taking place within the SML will be discussed. For example, intensive pollen deposition in April had the most pronounced impact on the concentration of sea surface proteinaceous compounds, indirectly increasing the CuCC in the SML at the coastal middle Adriatic sites.

Acknowledgment

This research was financed by the Croatian Science Foundation project BiREADI (IP-2018-01-3105).


This paper addresses the problem of robustly transmitting data that has been compressed with a variable length source code (VLC). It considers the transmission of packets of data that have been compressed with a VLC and protected with an error control code, and it shows how "side information" about the length of the packets can be exploited to improve the performance.


Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) and atom manipulation have been used to fabricate and evaluate atomic-scale structures on a hydrogen-terminated Si(100)-2×1-H surface. Atomic-scale Ga wires are fabricated by using selectively adsorbing thermally evaporated Ga atoms on the dangling-bond patterns. Electronic structures of the dangling-bond wires and theoretically predicted properties of the Ga structures, such as the conductivity and the flat-band ferromagnetic property are addressed.


Background: Surgical release of the greater occipital nerve has been demonstrated to be clinically effective in eliminating or reducing chronic migraine symptoms. However, migraine symptoms in some patients continue after this procedure. It was theorized that a different relationship between the greater occipital nerve and occipital artery may exist in these patients that may be contributing to these outcomes. A cadaveric investigation was performed in an effort to further delineate the occipital artery-greater occipital nerve relationship. Methods: Fifty sides of 25 fresh cadaveric posterior necks and scalps were dissected. The greater occipital nerve was identified within the subcutaneous tissue and its relationship with the occipital artery was delineated. A topographic map of the intersection of the two structures was created. Results: The greater occipital nerve and occipital artery have an intimate relationship, and crossed each other in 27 hemiheads (54.0 percent). The relationship between these structures when they crossed varied from a single intersection to a helical intertwining. Conclusions: The greater occipital nerve and occipital artery have an anatomical intersection 54 percent of the time. There are two morphologic types of relationships between the structures: a single intersection point and a helical intertwining. Vascular pulsation may cause irritation of the nerve and is a possible explanation for migraine headaches that have the occipital region as a trigger point. Future imaging studies and clinical investigation is necessary to further examine the link between anatomy and clinical presentation.


In recent years there has been considerable interest in exploiting the temperature dependence of sapphire whispering gallery mode frequency to develop a mechanically stable, high accuracy temperature sensor. Disk-resonator-based devices have been demonstrated to measure temperature with .01 K or better accuracy in the temperature range of 273 K to 373 K. Here we have utilized automated data acquisition and processing to rapidly evaluate a mechanically-stabilized sapphire whispering gallery mode resonator based on a hollow cylinder configuration.


nature medicine advance online publication HSCs exist in a quiescent state in the bone marrow niche and are the source of all hematological progenitors and differentiated cells throughout the lifespan of an organism1–6. One of the central tasks of stem-cell biology is to define the modes and mechanisms that regulate the self-renewal and commitment of stem cells, as alterations in this equilibrium have a substantial effect on hematopoietic homeostasis and maintenance. It has been suggested that asymmetric division of HSCs ensures that a fraction of daughter cells retain features of stem cells while replenishing the committed compartment of hematopoietic progenitors7–10. Therefore, identifying the factors that regulate this process would be of great biological and therapeutic relevance. PPARs, such as PPAR-α, PPAR-δ (also known as PPAR-β) and PPAR-γ (encoded by PPARA, PPARD and PPARG, respectively) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors that control nutrient sensing and the transcriptional regulation of metabolic pathways11, especially fatty-acid transport and FAO12,13. Activators and inhibitors of these pathways have been developed, and PPAR agonists have been tested in the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders14,15. The PML (promyelocytic leukemia) tumor-suppressor gene, originally cloned at the break point of the t(15;17) chromosomal translocation of acute promyelocytic leukemia, has a key role in the maintenance of HSCs16. The PML protein is the essential component of PML nuclear bodies, which are subnuclear structures implicated in a wide variety of processes, including post-translational modifications and transcriptional regulation17. How PML exerts its crucial function in the biology and maintenance of HSCs has not been established. Over the past few years, a better understanding has developed of the relationship between HSC function and metabolism18–22. Recent studies have focused largely on glycolysis and energy homeostasis; however, the contribution of lipid catabolism to HSC maintenance has not been defined. Here we identify a previously unknown PPAR-FAO pathway that is crucial to the maintenance of HSCs and the control of asymmetric cell division. Moreover, we place this metabolic pathway downstream of PML, which can be viewed as a fine-tuning rheostat that is essential for HSC maintenance. These findings have straightforward therapeutic implications for the improvement of both the efficacy of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and the treatment of hematological malignancies.


In this paper I comment on the arguments put forth by Robert Rosenberger and Galit Wellner on the issue of using a mobile phone while driving a car, and I do this by way of a detour through the work of Kevin Kelly and Marshall McLuhan. While Rosenberger and Wellner focus first and foremost on the possibilities and impossibilities within the human organism, I seek to add to the debate the however experimental standpoint of the technologies "themselves."


Among a variety of traffic accident types, pedestrian accident is regarded as one of the most serious accident types since these accidents have a much higher possibility of fatality. It has been reported in Korea that pedestrian fatalities occupied approximately 40% of the total fatalities involved in traffic accidents in 2004. Significant efforts have been made to develop effective countermeasures for pedestrian-vehicle collisions. One of the fundamental research topics for devising such countermeasures is to understand the characteristics of pedestrian-vehicle collisions. This study develops pedestrian fatality models capable of producing the probability of pedestrian fatality in pedestrian-vehicle collisions. Both binary logistic regression modeling technique and probabilistic neural network (PNN) are employed as a model for estimating the probability of pedestrian fatality. Pedestrian age, vehicle type, and collision speed are used as independent variables of the fatality model. The developed models, which allow us to predict the pedestrian fatality, would be useful tools for supporting the derivation of various safety policies and technologies associated with pedestrian safety.


Nitric oxide (NO) is emerging as a potential anti-cancer agent to overcome tumor cell resistance to conventional therapeutic agents. NO is a short-life molecule produced from L-arginine by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS). There are three isoforms of the enzyme: neuronal NOS (nNOS or NOS1), inducible NOS (iNOS or NOS2), and endothelial NOS (eNOS or NOS3). Each of these isoforms may be expressed in a variety of cell types. The actions of NO are highly variable in oncology revealing both sides of the spectrum as an anti-neoplastic versus a pro-neoplastic agent. The final activity of NO is dependent on its working microenvironment, including the type of cell exposed to NO, the redox state of the reaction, as well as the final intracellular concentration and the duration of exposure to NO. NO donors mimic continuous production of NO in a wide range of time intervals (seconds to days). Thus, multiple biological and (pro- versus anti-) neoplastic responses are elicited from NO donors depending on the half-life and the type of cell exposed to the compound. This paper is a review of the current knowledge of various roles of NO in cancer.


Abstract In southern Africa, despite the enormous development effort and attention that Community-based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) has received there has been an increase in disillusionment with this approach due to its lack of conceptual rigour. In recent years CBNRM has received increasing criticism, with some scholars calling for its complete abandonment. This study employs a new conceptual model, the Capacity Continuum - Multiple Drivers (CCMD) model, to assess the conditions that are required for CBNRM to succeed at the local level. Interviews and a questionnaire survey were conducted at household level to determine the conditions which regulate the livelihood related choices and decisions among forest and woodland resource users. The results reveal that apart from institutional arrangements the success of CBNRM depends on the level of social utility, relative to individual utility. This revelation is important for designing CBNRM projects. The study concludes that instead of abandoning CBNRM as a resource management strategy, as suggested by some scholars, what is needed is a sound conceptual framework that helps to reshape the community's capacity continuum to enhance cooperation and foster a strong sense of community while simultaneously stifling resource use competition and social dissonance within the community.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate a model of collaboration based on the notion of firms having strong working relationships with their suppliers and customers. Whilst issues associated with collaborative relationships between firms and their trading partners are a key theme currently being addressed in the supply chain management literature, there appears to be a lack of clear guidelines as to how such capability can be developed in a practical sense.Design/methodology/approach – Data from 418 Australian manufacturing plants are used to test the model. Two key constructs, customer relationship and supplier involvement, are developed. For predictive validity purposes, these constructs are regressed against firm performance construct.Findings – Results of structural equation modeling analysis show, inter alia, that there is some support for this collaboration model, with both collaboration‐based constructs influencing performance.Originality/value – The results provide an insight into ho...


This past year will likely be remembered as one of breakthrough advances in reducing the burden of cancer, with some landmark "rsts" coming out of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Among the notable approvals were the rst CART [chimeric antigen receptor T-cell] immunotherapies – tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah) for B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta) for relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma; the rst US-approved biosimilar for cancer, bevacizumab-awwb (Mvasi) for multiple types of cancer; and rst-time approvals for neratinib (Nerlynx) as an extended adjuvant therapy for early-stage human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressed/amplied breast cancer, and avelumab (Bavencio) for the treatment of metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. But our excitement about those advances will undoubtedly be tempered by the continued challenges in expanding access to better quality health care, piloting more e™ective payment models, and consolidating delivery systems. Our excitement has also been tempered by the rapid rise in the cost of e™ective biologic, immunologic, and targeted therapies. With the approval of trastuzumab-dkst (Ogivri), the rst targeted biosimilar for HER2-positive breast and gastrointestinal cancers, we can look forward to price decreases possibly in the 20%-30% range over time from a targeted therapy with remarkable clinical eŸcacy. We know that approved biosimilars have demonstrated clinical eŸcacy along with similar minor biologic diversity that is also seen in the reference biologic.1 We can also hope that increasing competition among biosimilar and reference compounds will lead to improvements in production methodologies that can allow further price reductions so that even more patients can gain access to these highly e™ective therapies. In addition, the rst FDA approval for the next-generation sequencing (NGS) FoundationOne proling test and the rapid announcement by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) that it will cover the cost of that testing brings us a step closer to knowing which patients most likely will or won't benet from costly and toxic targeted therapies. Along with the many clinical trials studying which mutations predict which eŸcacies of individual or combinations of targeted agents, the approval and CMS coverage policy will help us improve value to our patients; when we can recommend the most benecial therapies and avoid futile ones. Finally, the approval for the DigniCap Scalp Cooling System for patients on chemotherapy for all solid tumors is of great importance. Pending coverage availability, it may in¦uence some patients to get chemotherapy they might otherwise have forgone to avoid hair loss (see also pp. e346-e348).


SP100A and SP100B are mammalian nuclear proteins encoded by alternatively‐spliced transcripts from the SP100 gene. The N‐terminal portion of SP100B (aa 1–476) is identical to SP100A and contains an HP1 interaction domain. The C‐terminal portion of SP100B (aa 477–688) contains an HMG2 interaction domain and a SAND domain. The SAND domain is a DNA‐binding domain identified in several nuclear proteins involved in transcriptional regulation. We have previously reported that SP100B represses expression of genes present on transfected DNA in a SAND domain‐dependent manner. The goal of the present study was to characterize the DNA binding properties of full‐length SP100B expressed in mammalian cells. SP100B associated with DNA whereas SP100A did not. The SP100B SAND domain was essential for DNA binding. Deletion of the HP1‐ or HMG2‐binding domain had no effect on DNA binding. SP100B preferentially associated with sequences containing CpG dinucleotides. Our results did not reveal any preference of SP100B for bases flanking CpG dinucleotides. The number of CpGs in a DNA sequence and spacing between CpGs influenced SP100B binding, suggesting that multimers of SP100B bind DNA in a cooperative manner. Binding of SP100B was abrogated by methylation of the cytosine residue within the context of the CpG dinucleotide. We propose that the preference of SP100B for non‐methylated CpGs provides a mechanism to target SP100B to foreign DNA, including plasmid DNA or viral DNA genomes, most of which are hypomethylated. J. Cell. Biochem. 98: 1106–1122, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


2014 The values of the main parameters of an anodic plasma obtained by electrolysis of a molten LiC1-KC1 equimolecular mixture are corroborated or stated accurately, under a theoretical computation of the Li(I) 4f 4d 4p ~ 2p lineshape, taking into account the effect of dynamic ion broadening : electric radial field intensity |E| = 160 kV cm-1, electronic density Ne ~ 1.2 x 1017 cm-3, temperature between 5 000 and 5 300 K. The « runaway » of electrons is probably inhibited by the fact that the plasma is both very thin (5 03BCm) and partially ionized. J. Physique 44 (1983) 797y804 JUILLET 1983, Classification Physics Abstracts 32.70201352.70201352.80201352.90


The utility model discloses an electric far infrared food tunnel furnace which comprises a furnace body, a feeding device, a conveying device and a discharging device. A heater and a heat preservation layer are arranged in the furnace body, and the heater is a carbon fiber far infrared quartz heating tube. An electric control system and a touch screen man-machine interaction interface are arranged outside the furnace body, and the electric control system is in communication connection with the touch screen man-machine interaction interface. The electric far infrared food tunnel furnace greatly improves roasting efficiency and quality of roasted food, greatly reduces consumption of electric energy, reduces electricity utilization cost, and solves problems of high energy consumption and poor roasted food quality of the existing electric tunnel furnace.


To obtain commercial production technology of pure nature pineapple juice,the pilot scale process is studied,and parameters are obtained as follows:speed of crusher 300 kg/h,squeezer up stream 10~15 cm,flash hearing and cooling, TSS 14%,total acid 0.53%,homogenizer pore size 2μm.High qualified juice which accorded to industrial standard is produced,the percentage of VC achieves to 83.1%.


Corresponding to the lack in abilities of storage and query,a relation scheme,which owns the identical representation with CIM logical model,is defined.Those constraints in logical model,which take the form of logical sentences,are transformed into constraints on the cardinal of some related logical relations.With respects to the model access,the DAF interface,which is the basic CIS interface of IEC61970,is realized by relation algebra as an example.Research results show that the efficiencies of query and availability of constraint verification can be acquired by a well choosing relation scheme,while the rich representative ability of logical model is still reserved.


to the anemia of chronic disease, would cur-cumin exacerbate anemia, or would its effects on hepcidin alter the effects of hepcidin on other aspects of erythropoiesis in a favorable direc-tion? 6 Like much good research, the current report answers some questions while giving rise to new ones. Aggarwal BB. Curcumin as " Cure-cumin " : from kitchen to clinic.teraction with copper and iron suggests one possible mechanism of action in Alzheimer's disease animal models. The value of a complete blood count in predicting cancer of the colon.bial peptide transgenic mice exhibit features of the anemia of inflammation. In this issue of Blood, Paczesny and colleagues describe a set of 4 serum proteins that may help to confirm the diagnosis of acute GVHD and seem to be associated with worse survival independently of GVHD grade. A cute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the main complication of allogeneic he-matopoietic cell transplantation, is mainly diagnosed clinically and can be confirmed by biopsy of 1 of the 3 target organs (skin, gastro-intestinal tract, or liver). The severity of acute GVHD is graded clinically from I to IV, with increased mortality rates in severe GVHD (grades II-IV). Although multiple blood proteins have been described as potential biomarkers in previous smaller studies, no single protein or panel has emerged with sufficient specificity and sensitivity to enter clinical use. More recently , mass spectrometric profiling 1-3 of urine and serum were reported to demonstrate the presence of spectral patterns associated with GVHD, but these approaches do not identify specific proteins. In this issue of Blood, Paczesny et al aimed to isolate candidate proteins using high-throughput assays on a large number of patient samples, and to determine their significance with respect to patient outcome. They screened plasma with antibody microarrays for 120 proteins in a discovery set of 42 transplan-tation patients that revealed 8 potential bi-omarkers for diagnostic of GVHD. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), they then measured the levels of these biomarkers in samples from more than 400 transplantation patients divided into training and validation sets. Statistical analysis of these 8 proteins determined a panel of 4 proteins (IL-2-receptor–alpha, TNF-receptor-1, IL-8, and hepatocyte growth factor) that discriminated patients with and without GVHD. In patients with GVHD, Cox regression analysis revealed that the biomarker panel predicted survival independently of GVHD severity. This study is a major achievement in the field and brings proteomics nearly from the bench to the bedside. …


An efficient palladium-catalyzed amination, including polyaminations of aromatic bromides mediated on a surface of KF-alumina, is reported. The solvent-free one-pot protocol avoids the use of a strong base (sodium tert-butoxide) making it applicable to substrates containing a base-sensitive functional group. It proceeds without concomitant reductive bromination and provides access to selective amination of polyhaloaromatics.


I have written this brief without having had the benefit of reading Professor Vallin's paper on demographic changes in the generational structures of human populations. I do not pretend to cover the whole range of demographic 'givens' including, above all, the analysis of future trends in fertility and mortality and their impact on the generational balance. Given my interest in human migration and determined as I am not to intrude on Professor Vallin's territory, I propose to highlight the problem of replacement migration as a hypothetical demographic 'given' and a possible solution to population decline and population ageing. The latter topics were recently given prominence in Michael Schooyans' Dantesque vision of impending 'demographic crash' (Schooyans, 1999) and Caselli's and Vallin's Apocalyptic essay on the global 'limitless demography' postulating the average expectation of life of 85 years in 2050 and further increases to 100 years in the twenty-first century (Caselli and Vallin, 2001). Replacement migration refers to 'the international migration that would be needed to offset declines in the population of working age as well as to offset the overall ageing of the population' (United Nations, 2001, p. 97). In what follows I propose to consider the future demand for replacement migration in Europe and Japan and the likely sources of such population flows with special reference to their impact on intergenerational solidarity in the receiving countries.


Extremely complex proved to be the problem of obtaining knowledge directly from the experts; • The knowledge packed into • knowledge bases is actually static and isolated from its bearers – the experts; The mechanisms of • machine learning on which creating new knowledge is based, prove frequently to be labor-consuming and do not cover all problems of data mining. In reality, any applied problem requires the full-scale application of entire arsenal of data mining methods including statistical methods, preliminary data analysis, formation and interpretation of knowledge. ABStrAct


This paper assess different types of electrical energy storage devices used in electric and hybrid vehicles. A rationale is presented for selecting a type of an energy storage device based on multiple criteria. A total life cycle analysis of the energy storage as part of an electric vehicle or hybrid electric vehicleis carried out.


This volume is a collection of papers which, for the most part, were included in a symposium of Shelf Sandstone deposits sponsored by SEPM at the Annual Meeting in Denver in 1980. A variety of techniques are useful in documenting shelf depositional process and sand body geometries. Among these are sedimentary structures observed in outcrops and cores, biogenic data including trace fossils, micro- and macro-fauna, detailed seismic sections, and detailed subsurface correlations. These types of data are all readily available, at least locally, for Mesozoic rocks. In studying older shelf sandstones such as those from the early Paleozoic and Precambrian, some techniques cannot be used; trace fossils are rare to absent, and it is difficult to establish the relationships of the shelf sand-bodies to the shoreline of the broad shallow seas that were common at that time.


Abstract The ability of selected complexing agents to mask aluminium and release fluoride for potentiometric determination in-stream has been assessed. The experimental manifold incorporated a cascade flow cell and comprised two flow paths, the first for conventional flow-injection and the second enabling stopped-flow analyses to be performed. For solutions containing equimolar quantities of Al and F at concentrations up to 10−3 M in each ion, better than 90% fluoride recovery was achieved in 16s using Tiron. At higher aluminium loadings, fluoride was released more slowly, with citrate and DCTA being found to be more efficient than Tiron. At an Al. F ratio of 4:1 (10−3 M F), relative release rates for fluoride over a 10 minute period occurred in the following order: citrate > DCTA > Tiron > tartrate > EDTA Acetate and hexamine buffers, often recommended as components in TISAB formulations, were as effective as EDTA in releasing fluoride. Using an acetate buffer with citrate as the decomplexing agent slowe...


Self-determination theory (SDT) (Ryan & Deci, 2000) suggests that when a person is motivated they likely experience a sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. It is important to understand how these constructs relate to physical activity and sport if we are to persist in our notion that these pursuits can positively impact the holistic development of youth (Camire, Trudel, & Forneris, 2013; Frankl, 2007). Thus, the purpose of this investigation is to examine the motivational characteristics of adolescents participating in an after-school mountain bike program. Data were analyzed via field notes, interviews and focus groups. Content analysis of the individual and focus group interviews along with field notes revealed that the mountain bike sport environment served to foster motivational characteristics as is described in SDT.Based on this investigation, students who participated in the after-school program (n=28) reported a sense of autonomy, competence and relatedness. Subscribe to JOREL


The experiment was conducted to study the effect of changing the nomadic husbandry practices during summer with feed supplementation and water restriction on the performance, carcass characteristics of desert sheep (Hamari sub type). Thirty desert sheep of about 8 month age were randomly allocated to three groups (ten animals each, 5 males and 5 females), group (A) watered daily and supplemented with concentrates, (B) watered daily only and (C) watered every 23 days and was considered as control (the normal nomadic husbandry). The results included that average final live weights were significantly (P<0.05) different among the groups and were not significantly affected by sex but males in group A were heavier than the other two groups. The tail length, height at withers, heart girth, chest depth and body length were significant (P<0.05) different between the three groups. The average daily live weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) different among the groups, and the highest rate of gain was in A followed by B and C, respectively. The average daily live weight gains obtained were significantly (P<0.05) different between females and males of groups A, B and C. The males gave higher daily live weight gains than females. These results concluded that management strategy which involves shorter watering intervals and feed supplementation will probably reflect positively on the performance of Hamari sheep under range conditions.


Srinivas et al (2014) have suggested Automatic Merging of Clustering (AMOC) as the best optimal clustering algorithm in grouping six datasets viz., Iris, Glass, Breast Cancer, Halfmoon, Path based and Spiral. Each dataset could be made up made up of hidden patterns associated with small subgroups having weak commonality across the whole population forcing us to concentrate model building (a combined representation of unification of entire congregation of a given data set and segregating them into clusters) to have common representation for the newly formed clusters. This paper is aimed at applying finite mixture models (GMMs) for modelling the resultant clusters and to summarize the work done along with conclusions. I. MODELLING DATASET In big data era, large sample size enables us to better understand heterogeneity, shedding light towards studies such as exploring association between certain covariates (genetic characteristics) and rare outcomes (rare diseases in sub populations) and understanding why certain treatments (chemotherapy) benefit a small sub population and harm another sub population. To better illustrate this point we introduce the following mixture model for the population (congregation of big data). ff(XX ; θθ) = ww1ff1 (xx,θθ1) + ww2ff2 (xx,θθ2) + ⋯ +wwkkffkk(xx, θθkk) ⋯ (1.1) where wwii ≥ 0, represents weights (proportion) of the i subgroup and ffii(xx,θθii) is the probability of the response of the i subpopulation given in the covariates X with θθii as a parameter vector. In practice, many subpopulations are rarely observed (wwii is very small). When the sample size nn is moderate, nnwwii can be small, making it infeasible to infer the covariate-dependent parameters due to lack of information. However, because big data characterized by large sample size n, the sample size nnwwii for the i Besides the afore mentioned advantages the heterogeneity of big data also possess significant challenges to statistical inference. Inferring the mixture model (1.1) for large data set requires sophisticated statistical and computational methods. In low dimensions, standard technique like Expectation Maximization (E-M) algorithm for finite mixture models can be applied. In high dimensions, we need to carefully regularize the estimating procedure to avoid over fitting or noise accumulation and to device good computational algorithm which is a challenging and open research area for statistical computational scientists. The maximum number of attributes considered by us in this work is nine. Hence comes under low dimensionality and therefore we have adopted E-M algorithm to estimate parameters and details will follows. population can be moderately large even if wwii is very small. This enables us to more accurately infer about the parameters of the subpopulation. In short, the main advantage brought by big data is to understand heterogeneity of subpopulation such as the benefits of certain personalized treatments, which are infeasible when sample size is small or moderate. Big data also allows us to unveil weak commonality across whole population, thanks to large sample sizes. For example for benefit of one peg of red wine per night on heart can be difficult to access without large samples. Similarly, health risks to exposure of certain environmental factors can only be more convincingly evaluated when the sample sizes are sufficiently large. II. METHODOLOGY OF MODELLING AND ESTIMATION Srinivas et al (2014) have applied five clustering methods on six datasets and they been validated and the resultant optimal clusters based on seven validation techniques. This section is devoted for fitting Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) (assuming the weights/ proportionality parameter are unknown) for the optimal clusters. The methodological details using the following notations are as under K : Number of clusters NNpp(μμii,ΣΣii) : Multivariate Normal population of i μμii and variance covariance Σii cluster with mean vector wwii : Weight / Proportionality parameter of i Using the above notations, Let GMM be ff(XX, θθ) = �wwiiffii(XX,θθii) ⋯ (2.1) cluster. where θθii : {μμii ,Σii} ; wwii ≥ 0,∑wwii = 1 The above model is fitted to the resultant clusters based on Expectation and Maximization (E-M). E-M algorithm is basically method of maximum likelihood in estimating the parameters of GMM. Hence can be viewed as likelihood maximization via the E-M algorithm. There are a couple of issues related to ML estimation. One practical problem related to the estimation of parameters in finite mixture model is troublesome optimization. The form of likelihood function in case of GMM is a bit complicated and in most of the situations a multimodal, making it analytically intractable to obtain ML estimators in a closed form especially complicated multi parameter situation as of GMM and hence it is the primary tool in finite mixture models and model based clustering. The E-M algorithm is an iterative process consisting of two steps first step consisting of finding expectation and second step is to maximise the expectation. At E step of the s wwiikk (ss) = PPPPPPPP�XXii ∈ kktth ccccccssttccPP|XXii , θθ(ss−1)� = wwkk ffkk�xxii;θθkk � ∑ wwjj (ss−1) kk jj=1 ffkk�xxii;θθkk � ⋯ (2.2) iteration, the posterior probabilities are calculated as


This paper explores Pakistan and Bhutan teacher-educator digital competency about the use of social media, digital resources and professional online communities and implications of this use on professional learning. The two countries, less discussed in international educational literature, are facing a growing use of the Internet in teaching and learning. Data include a survey completed by 67 teacher-educators from Pakistan and 37 teachers from Bhutan, as well as semi-structured interviews from both countries. This study provides evidence of how teachers' interaction on social networks and the use of digital resources plays a central role in the introduction of innovative pedagogical practices of teacher-educators, and teacher-educators remain interested in knowledge sharing through social media for their professional learning.


Abstrak Human resources as organizational assets are very decisive in the success of organizations including the STIE AMA Salatiga. The participation of the lecturers and education staff cannot be released in order to achieve the stated goals. Lecturers and education staff who are working require adequate physical work conditions and not high levels of stress to be able to perform better. The study was conducted to determine the effect of work stress and physical work conditions on the performance of lecturers and education staff at the AMA Salatiga College of Economics. The results of the study are expected to be an input for STIE AMA Salatiga in taking policies in an effort to improve the performance of lecturers and education staff, and are expected to have an impact on achieving the Function, Vision, Mission and Objectives of STIE AMA Salatiga. Based on the results of data analysis, researchers can draw conclusions about the effect of work stress and physical work conditions on the performance of lecturers and education staff at STIE AMA Salatiga as follows: The results of the validity test and reliability test show that each item statement and each research variable are declared valid and reliable. While the results of the partial test of work stress variables do not have a significant effect on the performance variables, while the physical condition variables work significantly influence the performance variables. Then simultaneous testing of work stress variables and physical conditions of work has a significant effect on performance variables. The coefficient of determination (R Square) is 0.20, this means that the independent variables of work stress and physical conditions of work can explain the dependent variable of performance by 20% and the remaining 80% explained by other factors not examined. Keywords : Stres Kerja, Kondisi Fisik Kerja, Kinerja


Baltie herring stocks are not utilized for fish meal ll1hieh means that all the fish meal llsed to mamifaeture fish feeds in the Baltie Sea region is imported outside the Baltie Sea. Though part of the nitrogen and phosphorus present in the fish meal is bound to the fish growth, inevitably the mltrient pool of the Baltie Sea is inereased in the form offish faeces and zmeaten food. lf Bal(ie fish stocks would be used as feed for the Baltie mariculture, the milrients wOlild reeycle and the externalnutrient flux to the Baltie Sea might be diminished. In some cases the nutrient balance might even be negative, i.e. more 1Illtrients will be removedfrom the Baltie Sea (in theform ofprodllcedfish) than the externalflux (in the forin offeed) brings in. Unless Baltie herring ll1ill be lIsed to manllfactllre fish meal, the most potential way to reeycle Illilrients is to llse semi-moist or moist diets based on Baltie herring or even the plain herring itself. The problem of these diets is higher local nutrient load to the water whieh might reslilt to local eutrophicatiOli near the cage farms. The higher load is a product of high protein-to-energy ratio (PE) and high phosphorus eontent of tlu! herring if compared to fish meal and commerclal dry feeds. Loeal. load .eould-be_ .. diminished by balanclng the PE by adding fat and earbohydrate to semi-moist and moist diets. Ifplaiti herring is usedfor feed, PE might be balanced by giving extra energy in theform ofsupplementfeeding ß 10w-proteiJi dry feeeJ.. Introduction Formulated fish feeds consist mainly of fish meal, the amount. of which may exceed 40-50% of the diet. Fish meal is the main source of nitrogen and phosphorus in. the fish feed, the nutrlents which fonn the most severe discharge problem of the aquaculture industry. In 1989 the nutrlent discharge from aquaculture to the Baltic Sea was ca. 1000 tons phosphorus and ca. 6600 tons nitrogen accouriting 1.5% of the total phosphorus and 0.4% of the total nitrogen discharge (Enell and Ackefors 1991). Baltic fish stocks are not utilized for fish meal, so all the fish meal used to manufacture fish feeds in the Baltic Sea region. is imported outside the Baltic Sea. Though part of the nitrogen and phosphorus present in the·fish meal is bound to the fish growth, inevitably the nutrient pool of the Baltic Sea is increased in the form of fish faeces and uneaten food. Ir Baltic fish stocks would be uSed as feed for the Baltic mariculture, the nutrlents would recycle and the external


The process of leave management at PT. Labtech Penta International Batam at this time is still done manually. Checking remaining of leave, leave application, and leave approval is done in stages and still rely on the leave letter contained in each employee records data. The leave management process has several disadvantages. Employee can not know the rest of their personal leave entitlements and take leave by co-workers directly, so employees can not do leave management as well. Leaders also have not been able to take leave decisions based on the principle of equal distribution of employee leave right. Another disadvantage is the process of managing employee leave less effective and efficient. In this study, it is proposed making the information system based on android leave application using Ionic programming language and MySQL database. The application is expected to solve the problems encountered in the management of manual leave at PT. Labtech Penta International Batam.