Abstract Departing from the fact that climate change poses localized effects, this article critically considers from a legal perspective the role of local authorities in the South African government's response to climate change. A brief review of the relevance of climate mitigation and adaptation is followed by an explanation of what these concepts mean for local government. The article then discusses the extent to which the country's environmental and local government law and policy framework provides for municipalities' participation and involvement in climate governance. The article identifies strengths and weaknesses in relation to the local sphere of government's formal involvement in climate governance vis-à-vis authorities in the provincial and national spheres. It concludes that, as a result of their proximity to the effects of climate change, municipalities have a critically important role to play in the climate governance effort, despite the patchwork of environmental and local government laws and lack of explicit, consolidated policy and legal arrangements to this effect.


Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been is applied as hole transport material in organic electronic devices for more than 20 years. However, the redundant sulfonic acid group of PEDOT:PSS has often been overlooked. Herein, PEDOT:PSS‐DA is prepared via a facile doping of PEDOT:PSS with dopamine hydrochloride (DA·HCl) which reacts with the redundant sulfonic acid of PSS. The PEDOT:PSS‐DA film exhibits enhanced work function and conductivity compared to those of PEDOT:PSS. PEDOT:PSS‐DA‐based devices show a power conversion efficiency of 16.55% which is the highest in organic solar cells (OSCs) with (poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4‐fluorothiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithio‐phene))‐co‐(1,3‐di(5‐thiophene‐2‐yl)‐5,7‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione))] (PM6):(2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐((12,13‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,9‐diundecyl‐12,13‐dihydro‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐e]thieno[2′′,3′:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2‐g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indole‐2,10‐diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile) (Y6) as the active layer. Furthermore, PEDOT:PSS‐DA also exhibits enhanced performance in three other donor/acceptor systems, exhibiting high compatibility in OSCs. This work demonstrates that doping PEDOT:PSS with various amino derivatives is a potentially efficient strategy to enhance the performance of PEDOT:PSS in organic electronic devices.


A multi-wavelength fiber based MOPA-system is proposed to increase performance of coherent Doppler lidar systems. The setup of the four-wavelength lidar system is described and characterized. We show that the speckle patterns of each wavelength are uncorrelated. The measured Goodman's M-parameter is 3.8 for four wavelengths, using hard target reflections. Atmospheric measurements show uncorrelated speckle patterns as well. Consequently, the precision of the measured wind velocity can be improved by a factor of two.


The article describes a study on the effects of the gas production on the state of health of the public in the province of Groningen, on their risk perception and safety experience. The method used in the study s explained. The results of their study are part of a comprehensive study on the effects on the public. The results show an increase of health problems and decrease of safety experience. Although the concern of the public is serious it doesn't lead to a significant migration of inhabi-tants. It appears that the people are attached to their surroundings.


The efficient synthesis of aN-benzoyliminoimidazolium ylide provides access to a new type of N-hetereocyclic anionic carbene, from which air stable Ag(I) and Cu(II) complexes and a catalytically active Rh(I) complex were formed.


Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of recessive genetic congenital disorders characterised by a disorder of melanin synthesis. OCA is currently classified into seven different types, of which OCA type 2 (OCA2 - OMIM 203200) ranks as the second most common type of albinism in the world and accounts for nearly 30% of albinism cases. Nowadays, there is currently no known way to treat OCA. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is the most effective method of disease prevention, which helps families carrying gene mutations to have healthy children. Objectives: To develop a procedure and conduct PGD for embryos of a family carrying the OCA2 mutation causing OCA2. Materials and methods: Research subjects are blood samples of four members of an OCA family, including father, mother, and two daughters; and 6 embryo biopsies on day 5 of this parents. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was carried out on family members participating in the study. Based on the identified mutation results, primers for PCR amplification of the segments spanning the detected mutation were designed. Then, Sanger sequencing method is combined with linkage genetic analysis to detect pathogenic mutations on embryo biopsies after whole-genome amplification (WGA). Results: A novel mutation NM_000275.3:c.2323G>A (NP_000266.2: p.Gly775Ser) was detected on exon 22 of the OCA2 gene. The outcomes of PGD for 6 embryos of a family carrying the OCA2 mutant gene causing OCA2 were 3 affected embryos, 2 normal embryos, and 1 carriers.


This article brings readers up-to-date on the South African metrorail system. The author reports on an interview with Lucky Montana, the CEO of Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA), an organization launched in 2009. Mr. Montana spoke to journalists in April 2011 at the Prasa headquarters in Braamfontein, discussing the need for additional financing of the rail service, the need for new, energy-efficient coaches and locomotives, the use of local content in new trains, manufacturers that are being included in the bidding for new equipment, the need to increase focus on the passenger service (Metrorail) in addition to the freight service (Transnet), problems with the shift system and labor relations, poor inventory management, lack of adherence to procedures, poor recovery of train services after disruption, and the lack of effective management. The article concludes with a brief review of some of the strategies that will be implemented as PRASA undertakes the process of improving the South African rail service.


Gastric cancer has striking heterogeneity in histological pattern, cellular phenotype, genotype, biomarkers, and biological behavior. We focused on the specific morphological papillary phenotype of gastric adenocarcinoma and attempted to identify its distinct molecular characteristics. In our comparative study, early stage papillary (papillary‐dominant) gastric cancer showed a significantly higher and more widespread high‐frequency microsatellite instability (MSI‐H) than other morphological types. Analysis of mutations in a panel of five putative microsatellite instability (MSI)‐associated genes in the MSI‐H cases revealed that papillary or papillary‐dominant cancer displays a unique profile of mutations compared to profiles previously reported in gastric cancer. Immunohistochemical staining and methylation analysis revealed that silencing of hMLH1 by methylation in its promoter region was responsible for the failure of mismatch repair in papillary‐type gastric cancer, whereas aberrant promoter methylation of hMLH1 was not found in any cases without the unique mutator phenotype. Promoter hypermethylation of the hMLH1 genes was found to a lesser degree in the adjacent non‐tumor mucosa in four of the 10 cases with tumor having the mutator phenotype. Microsatellite instability itself could not be detected in the adjacent non‐tumor mucosa. Inactivation of hMLH1 expression by promoter hypermethylation may be an early event in carcinogenesis of this type of gastric cancer, preceding the development of the clear MSI phenotype of papillary carcinoma.


An increasing number of people today cross the Beitbridge border of South Africa and Zimbabwe. This comes with a corresponding growth of creative strategies that seek to aid the crossing of those p ...


Introduction: Action research in health combined with group dynamics is assumed to enhance the production of scientific knowledge.
Objectives: Discuss the possible application of Group Dynamic in participant research in the context of health.
Methods: Considerations are draw from experiences with groups at users, SUS health care workers and undergraduate students Medicine, Psychology, and Music Therapy curses. This work discusses the planning of group actions and its elements: structure, process and content.
Results: Group intervention is used as a methodology of action research rich in resources and strategies. It proved to be effective for elaboration of fragilities, necessities and potentialities encountered in the field.
Conclusions: The research allows new responses to the challenges that arise in health contexts by involving the actors in the processes of change and overcoming reality.


In a world, where Artificial Intelligence systems will decide about increasingly many issues, including life and death, how should autonomous systems faced with ethical dilemmas decide, and what is required from humans?


2‐(2′‐hydroxyphenyl)benzenesulfinate desulfinase (DszB) catalyzes the final carbon‐sulfur bond cleavage reaction in the rate‐limiting step in the biodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene, a recalcitrant organosulfur compound found in fossil fuels. The dszb gene from Nocardia asteroides (A3H1) was codon‐optimized and overexpressed in E. coli. Expression was examined by FT‐IR and activity assays. His‐tagged DszB expressed from a codon‐optimized gene requires co‐expression with GroEL and GroES to fold properly. The DszB enzyme was purified using a Ni2+ column, and a kcat of 52.8 ± 5.49 hr−1 and a Km of 3.71 ± 0.60 μM was determined. Enzyme stored in aliquots containing 15% DMSO was stable at ‐80 °C for several weeks. DszB has optimal activity at 35 °C but is not stable for longer than 30 minutes at room temperature. Three mutated enzymes were expressed, purified and characterized. The A195R, A200R, and A195R/A200R DszB mutant altered kinetic parameters, increased temperature optimum, and increased temperature stability.


Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a sample of Portuguese patients with metastatic breast cancer and assess the relationship between these disorders and the characteristics of the oncological disease.Methods: Cross-sectional, single-center study with female patients diagnosed with metastatic breast carcinoma and under palliative treatment between November 2020 and May 2021. Psychiatric disorders were screened by applying and filling-out the MMSE, HADS, BSI, and WHOQoL-Bref instruments at the outpatient daycare unit when patients were present for treatmen. Results: A total of 91 female patients were included, median age 59.79 years. None of the patients had cognitive impairment (MMSE). HADS scale: 18.7% of the patients scored for anxiety and 17.6% for depression. The anxiety subscale score of > 8 (HADS) was related to ovarian function suppression (p<0.001), neoadjuvant therapy (p<0.001), and type of second-line of palliative treatment (p=0.024). The depression subscale score >8 (HADS) was related to the type of surgery performed (p= 0.022), molecular subtype of the tumor (p=0.020), and occurrence of grade 3-4 toxicities in the first (p=0.018), and third-line treatments (p=0.031).Conclusion: The screening of psychiatric disorders through the application of these scales by the medical oncology team may be able to aid in diagnosis and potentially lead to psychiatric referral and intervention at an earlier stage.


Background Secondary amyloidosis (SAM) including renal amyloidosis (RAM) is a common severe outcome in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Some clinical markers were published as risk factors for SA [1]. Objectives To reveal simple clinical and genentic markers of SAM/RAM in RA patients and to estimate their prognostic value. Methods In the observational trial of RA patients (n=590: 482 women, 108 men) histologically confirmed secondary amyloidosis (SAM) was revealed in 5.8%, renal amyloidosis (RAM) – in 3.6%. This SAM/RAM frequency was considered as pretest probability. We investigated associations between SAM/RAM and a number of genetic markers (erythrocytic antigens of AB0, MN and Rh0 blood groups, HLA antigens of A, B, C, DR, DQ locuses) and clinical markers (sex, triggers, age of RA onset, early RA variant, RF during the first year of RA, extraarticular manifestations, comorbidity and rapid RA progress. Statistical significance of the revealed association was estimated by Fisher exact test (F). Likelihood ratio of positive (LR+) and negative (LR–) tests and prognostic odds ratio (pOR) as well as SAM/RAM post-test probability (Ppost) were calculated. Results We revealed no significant difference in SAM /RAM frequency between RA men and women (F, p2-t>0.1). SAM Ppost in RF+ patients during the first 3 years of RA increases 2.5 times vs RF- patients. SAM Ppost in patients with rapid RA progress during the first 3 years (RA severity progression index (DSPI)>+1SD[2]) increases 2.4 times vs patients with DSPI<–1SD. Some co-morbidities were associated with SAM: coronary/cerebral atherosclerosis, gastroduodenal ulcer, cholelithiasis and chronic hepatitis (see table), but they shouldn't be considered as independent SAM predictors because of their moderate pairwise correlation (RG=0.37-0.68). Severe anemia and chronic renal insufficiency increase SAM Ppost up to 35.1% and 55.2% correspondingly. SAM 2.8 times more frequent registered in patients with NSAID adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and 7.7 times more frequent – in patients with glucocorticoids (GK) ADRs vs patients without NSAID/GK ADRs. We revealed distinct negative correlation between methotrexate use and SAM (RG=-0.57, p=0.0002), as well as RAM (RG=-0.79, p<0.0001). SAM Ppost increases 3.3, 2.8, and 2.5 times in the presence of N blood group, HLA B27 and HLA B18 correspondingly. Table 1. Operational parameters of the revealed SAM predictors Marker pOR LR+ LR− F, p2.t RF+ 4.0 2.8 0.70 0.0279 Rapid RA progress 3.9 2.6 0.65 0.0135 Gastroduodenal ulcer 3.7 2.9 0.79 0.0023 Cholelithiasis 3.7 3.2 0.85 0.0080 Severe anemia 9.8 8.8 0.90 <0.0001 Chronic renal insufficiency 54.7 20.0 0.37 <0.0001 NSAID ADRs 3.0 1.4 0.49 0.0122 GK ADRs 8.8 2.3 0.26 <0.0001 Methotrexate 0.28 0.66 2.4 0.0113 N blood group 10.3 4.5 0.44 0.0046 HLA-B27 4.3 3.1 0.72 0.0069 HLA-B18 4.0 2.7 0.67 0.0117 N+/HLA-B18+phenotype increases SAM Ppost up to 46.2%, N+/HLA-B27+ and N+/HLA-B27+/HLA-B18+phenotypes – up to 42.8% and 69.9% correspondingly. N–/HLA-B27–/HLA-B18–phenotype decreases SAM Ppost up to 1.3%. HLA-B27 increases RAM Ppost up to 12.1% (pOR=6.0, LR+=3.7, LR–=0.62) and should be considered as RAM genetic marker. References Kuroda T et al. Clin Rheum.2005;3:1-8. Dostanko N et al. Ann Rheum Dis2011;70,S3:587. Disclosure of Interest None declared


The preceding OTA report is not intended to be a comprehensive treatment of all the issues related to food production and agricultural development in sub-Saharan Africa. Other authors have addressed different sets of issues from their own perspectives. Two important analyses of the problems faced by Africa follow. Uma Lele's article reflects her perspective as chief of development strategy for the World Bank and as an African. The article by Carl K. Eicher represents the thinking of an American academic with extensive experience in Africa. Both articles were published in their present form in Agricultural Development in the Third World 1 in 1984. Lele's article first appeared in Science in 1981. Eicher's paper was originally published in Foreign Affairs, also in 1981. Both articles appear with the permission of the authors and publishers.


This research was conducted in the parish San Luis of Pambil belonging to the province of Bolivar Guaranda Canton, the company Union of Professional Drivers San Luis de Pambil located at km 1.5 of the road to Las Naves Canton. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of internal control in the area of payroll Professional Drivers' Union of San Luis de Pambil, period 2012 to carry out this work the types of descriptive and explanatory research used the which were of vital assistance in obtaining information, the inductive method which allowed to establish guidelines regarding the investigation deductive method contributed to the realization of the SWOT matrix, have policies and procedures for internal control is used, facilitates the recognition operations and responsibilities implicit in every process, so that contributes not only to maintain but also reliable information resource optimization; however, the internal control system supported by established procedures do not guarantee the reduction of all errors that can arise, it all depends on how you implant, evaluated and monitored. The results obtained according to the application of indicators to measure efficiency, effectiveness and compliance of reflection area through findings that the company comply 100% with the laws and regulations to which it is subject, the company has no organizational and functional structure throwing an indicator of 0%, the financial information issued by the finance department is reviewed and reconciled analyzed evaluated 100% is fully met. That is why, I believe that this work will be useful in the search for possible solutions.


Transparent ceramics are at the heart of modern magneto-optical materials providing promising opportunities for Faraday isolators. 1.0 at% RE:Tb3Ga5O12 (rare earth (RE) = Pr, Tm, Dy) transparent ceramics were successfully prepared by air sintering and sequential HIP technique using the coprecipitated powders as the raw material. All the powders have shown to be a pure cubic terbium gallium garnet (TGG) phase and exhibit good dispersion. Additionally, a change could not be observed in particle shape with the different doped ions. After the two-step sintering, all the obtained ceramics have good optical quality, and the in-line transmittances at 1070 nm are higher than 80%. Moreover, no secondary phase can be detected from the microstructures. However, the pores which remain entrapped in the ceramics can be noted. The Verdet constant of ceramic samples is optimized by RE doping, and the Verdet constant at 632.8 nm is about –143 rad·T·m, which is about 5% higher than that of TGG ceramics. Finally, the thermo-optical properties of 1.0 at% RE:TGG transparent ceramics are compared. The annealed TGG ceramic showed the best thermo-optical properties, and the thermally induced depolarization of 1.0 at% Ce:TGG and 1.0 at% Tm:TGG was inferior to that of annealed TGG ceramic.


Rotational atherectomy (RA) is a safe and effective percutaneous technique utilized in a treatment of calcified lesions to modify as a primary therapy. Even though the procedural success rate with RA is 90%, RA is associated with higher rate of no flow/slow flow which occurs as a result of micro debris and/or bubbles than other coronary revascularization procedure (1).


Objective To study the effects of Baoji Pills on intestinal isolated rabbit.Methods Effects of Baoji Pills on intestinal isolated rabbit were evaluated through observing normal rabbit intestinal smooth muscle and acetylcholine induced spasm in isolated rabbit intestinal smooth muscle.Results Baoji Pills had no significant effects on normal intestinal isolated rabbit,but could antagonize acetylcholine induced intestinal isolated rabbit spasm.Conclusion Baoji Pills has anti-spasmodic effects.This study provides an experimental basis for Baoji Pills clinical application.


Factor VI11 functions as an essential cofactor in the blood coagulation cascade for the factor "mediated activation of factor X Factor MI1 contains 6 tyrosine residues at positions 346, 718, 719, 723, 1664, and 1680 that are modified by post-translational sulfation. This modification is required for full factor VI11 procoagulant activity. We have employed site-directed mutagenesis to identify the individual sulfated tyrosines within factor VI11 that influence activity. The molecules were expressed in COS-1 monkey cells by transient transfection, and the resultant proteins were characterized. Metabolic incorporation of [SsSlsulfate demonstrated that all 6 tyrosine residues are sulfated in factor VIII. Sulfation at residues 346 and 1664 was required for full activity in a factor VI11 clotting assay but did not affect factor VI11 activity monitored by a factor Xa generation assay. The Tyrp46 Phe and TyrlW + Phe mutants displayed delayed thrombin activation that correlated with delayed cleavage at residues 372 and 1689, respectively. In contrast, these mutants were efficiently activated by factor Xa. A triple Tyr to Phe mutant at residues 718,719, and 723 displayed both reduced factor VI11 clotting activity and factor Xa generation activity. Finally, a Tyrlseo -+ Phe mutant factor VI11 displayed a &fold reduced affinity for von Willebrand factor. The results demonstrate that 1) sulfation at tyrosine residues 346 and 1664 increases factor VI11 activity by increasing the rate of thrombin activation and cleavage; 2) sulfation at tyrosine residues 718, 719, and 723 increases the intrinsic activity of factor VIIIa; and 3) sulfation at tyrosine residue 1680 increases the affinity for vWF. In addition, the results implicate that thrombin interacts with three distinct sites within factor VIII, two of which are required for proteolytic activation. The results demonstrate that the six sites of tyrosine sulfation modulate factor MI1 activity through different mechanisms.


The desulfurization of oil must be resolved as soon as possible due to a variety of issues, including environmental contamination and protection regulations. It was believed that oxidative desulfurization (ODS) was the most promising method. In this research, metal oxide-based layered double hydroxides (TiO2@Ni-Al and ZnO@Ni-Al) were effectively synthesized for the ODS of 4-methyldibenzothiophene (4-MDBT). TiO2@Ni-Al and ZnO@Ni-Al exhibited superior catalytic performance and high recycling capacity, achieving a 99% removal rate after five reactions in 30 min. The heterogeneous catalyst TiO2@Ni-Al/ZnO@Ni-Al is easy to separate and recover from a reaction system. Increased temperature facilitates the transformation of 4-MDBT into 4-MDBTO2. The influence of H2O2's rapid decomposition rate, which can inhibit oxidation reactions, reduces the catalytic activity as the temperature increases. 4-MDBT Sulphur removal on TiO2@Ni-Al and ZnO@Ni-Al is 99.48 and 99.51%, respectively. TiO2@Ni-Al and ZnO@Ni-Al have great potential for use in the industry based on these results. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).


The aim of this paper is to explore the different determinants of international comparative advantage. Starting from a theoretically well founded neoclassical framework, where specialization depends on relative factor endowments and technological differences, we study the role of the institutional diversity in the labor market. We use an international trade model where endogenous effort is included in an otherwise standard production function. Since the effort level can be affected by country-specific labor institutions, the institutional context may in turn be able to influence the international comparative advantage. After illustrating the theoretical motivations for such an effect, we implement a rigorous econometric analysis on a group of OECD countries to test its empirical validity. We obtain that institutions have an important role in explaining the relative economic performance of a number of manufacturing sectors. In particular, stronger labor market institutions are found to advantage capital-intensive sectors and disadvantage labor-intensive ones. Policy implications are derived and discussed


SQL Injection Attack (SQLIA) is one of the most severe attacks that can be used against web database driven applications. Attackers' use SQLIA to get unauthorized access and perform un-authorize data modification as result of improper input validation by web application developers. Various studies have shown that average of 64% of web application of worldwide are vulnerable to SQLIA as result of their vulnerability. To mitigate the devastating problem of SQLIA, this research proposed web application firewall for SQL injection Attack (SQLIA) that protects unauthorized users from SQLIA. Recent study shows that there is need for improving effectiveness of existing SQLIA firewall to reduce the Loss of data, getting vital information and risk of being attack as result of inaccurate false negative and false positive result reported by the SQLIA. The research focus on improving effectiveness of SQLIA firewall by proposing web application firewall for blind and tautology SQLIA in order to help minimizing of false positive an false negative result as well as to provide the room for improving proposed SQLIA by the potential researchers. To test and validate the accuracy of research work, three vulnerable web applications were developed with different type of vulnerabilities and accuracy metric were used to analyze the result of three experiments. The result of analysis shows significant improvement by achieving 88.8%. Accuracy for the first experiment, 77% accuracy for the second experiment and 73% accuracy for the third experiment and overall of 79.6%. Keyword: Classification, web firewall, web security, injection attacks SQL injection


Abstract.
 Abstract: This paper describes the morphological ultrastructure of the previously unknown final larval instars of the obligate myrmecophilous rove-beetle species Lomechusa pubicollis. Diagnostic larval characters for the genus Lomechusa are proposed for the first time. At present, this paper is the only up-to-date, detailed and richly illustrated description of the external structures of larvae representing the Lomechusina subtribe. The features of L. pubicollis larvae described here correspond with the abiotic (e.g. absence of ocelli, white body) or biotic conditions (e.g. stumpy body, short legs, absence of urogomphi, dense and asymmetrical chaetotaxy, membranous cuticle) of the anthill, including the passive lifestyle resembling that of the host larvae Formica truncorum, in conjunction with a unique behaviour pattern in the myrmecophileant relationship. Morphological similarities between mature larvae of L. pubicollis and workers of Formica truncorum, the host of this myrmecophile, are also listed. The morphological structure of L. pubicollis larva with the so far best-known larvae of another myrmecophile from the Lomechusini tribe Pella laticollis living in the peripheral zones around the nest, was compared. The different lifestyles of the two species is reflected in the morphological structure of their larvae, particularly: chaetotaxy, structure of setae, ocelli, structure of mouthparts, legs and urogomphi. The characteristics of the morphological structure peculiar to L. pubicollis larva in conjunction with well-developed chemical mimicry, they enable complete adoption and integration in the ant nest, which at such an advanced level appears to be unique compared to other staphylinid myrmecophiles.


Bob Marley became a philosopher of emancipatory politics. Emancipatory politics starts with a basic and simple assumption that the African people think; and politics must be based on openness, accountability, and the liberation of African women, collective leadership, and the security of the producers. At the dawn of the twentieth century the Rastafari confronted a number of revolutionary traditions. These were the traditions of the liberal democratic revolution against feudalism. Like most black people, the Rastafari knew that this liberal democratic revolution did not include black and brown peoples. Rastafari understood the racist logic of manifest destiny and the vindicationists of the first period were opposed to this liberal democratic creed that accepted imperial wars as pacification.


Abstract In this work we have explained the diffuse phase transitions (PT) of sol-gel grown Barium Titanate samples through a model where weighted sums of "normal" PT from micro-regions of the material are performed. Using Landau-Devonshire's expressions for ferroelectric transitions, we obtain the smeared macroscopic behaviour of the PT. The results are used to show why deviations from Curie-Weiss, and also Smolensky-Isupov, behaviours of the dielectric permittivity are very often found in ferroelectric relaxors.


While much of the prior research on short selling around announcements of seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) has focused on manipulation, it is unclear whether there is also informed short selling around these announcements. We test for informed short selling around SEO announcements by examining the relation between i) pre-announcement short selling and the announcement-period return and ii) changes in short interest around the SEO announcement and the long-term operating and stock price performance following the equity issue. We find that firms with large increases in short interest prior to the SEO announcement exhibit lower (i.e., more negative) announcement-period returns, and that firms with large increases in short interest around the SEO announcement experience inferior long-term operating and stock price performance following the equity issue. We also find that the negative relation between large increases in short interest and long-term operating and stock price performance is more pronounced among shelf offers. This result highlights the informational role of short sellers in identifying opportunistic market timers of equity issues among shelf filers. Our overall results indicate the presence of informed short selling around SEO announcements.


A 19-year-old woman was admitted to the pediatric ICU because of a headache, fever, photophobia, neck stiffness, and mental-status changes. She was drowsy and disoriented with respect to year. She had truncal ataxia and rotatory nystagmus, and her face and right arm were numb.


Active catalysts derived from cobalt and the Xantphos ligand were synthesised, characterised and tested in the hydroformylation of pure linear alkenes or their mixtures. The preformed complex [Co2(CO)6(Xantphos)] showed similar...


Reading Lyrics. Edited by Robert Gottlieb and Robert Kimball. Pantheon 2000. 706 pp. $39.50 The New Conservatism hasn't led to much good art. In poetry, painting, classical music, and architecture, "traditional values" have more often than not meant dead values. But at least one positive development has resulted from our recent impulse to look back: a fresh interest in the classic American song. While traditional European lieder recitals seem to be a dying art in this country, there's a new generation of cabaret singers trying to keep this major American contribution to world culture alive.' Record companies (especially Sony and Decca) have begun reissuing "historic" original cast albums on CD, some of which (like Decca's original cast album of the 1943 revival of Rodgers and Hart's A Connecticut Yankee-- the last show Hart worked on before his death) have been unavailable for as long as half a century.' After decades of popular music that has more to do with performance than with songs that stand on their own (as manifested in the increasing number of singing "groups" and the increasingly reverberative, "fuzzy" sound that blurs the lyrics), this pendulum swing has perhaps been touched off by the fundamental human need to sing in the shower. "Extraordinary how potent cheap music is," says Amanda in Noel Coward's Private Lives. What our great songwriters accomplished was far from trivial or cheap. They found a way of tapping the undercurrents of emotion in contemporary musical and literary idioms, especially in "everyday" spoken language and in immediately recognizable popular forms. My mother, who is in her late nineties, no longer recognizes me or remembers that she has a son, but she can still sing "Button Up Your Overcoat" and "Gimme a Little Kiss"-songs she taught me when I was a child. Unhappily, there hasn't been much useful criticism of classic popular songs, partly because permission to reprint lyrics has been prohibitively expensive, when it's been granted at all.3 In a culture where social singing-friends gathering around a piano-has all but disappeared, so that sheet music itself is no longer an inevitable household item, there's been less and less access to the "texts" themselves, except through recordings. Even if we remember tunes, how often we forget the intricacies of the lyrics.' I've lived to regret that, in a fit of teenage housecleaning that may have also been an aberrant, temporary rejection of my passion for popular music, I threw out what would now be an invaluable collection of a decade's worth of Hit Parader magazines from the Forties and Fifties, monthly issues that published complete lyrics to current songs. (Random copies turn up on eBay-though it's the entire run that's of significance.) But now there's a full-scale anthology that might make a difference. There's never been a volume nearly as thorough as Robert Gottlieb and Robert Kimball's Reading Lyrics, a collection of the words to some one thousand American and British popular songs from 1900 to 1975. And not only is this a useful sourcebook just for looking up the words. Implicit in its publication is the assumption that song lyrics are a legitimate literary genre, that they have a compelling history, and that they are worth reading even without the accompanying music, though the most familiar lyrics are virtually impossible to read without hearing in the back of one's mind the tunes they were written to. Even without a score, there's always the "ghost limb" of the absent tune. Of course, not every lyric can-or has to-stand on its own. Schubert used wonderful poems by Goethe and Heine, and even the Wilhelm MUller poems he used for Winterreise and Die Schone Miillerin, with their cries from the heart and occasional leaps into the surreal, are effective on the page. But the music for some of his greatest songs transcends undistinguished texts. This is often the case with popular songs, yet even uninspired lyrics are worth examining for what they reveal about the culture that produced them. …


In paying tribute to the memory of Sir William Henry Bragg we pay tribute to a great scientist, who was endowed with a kindly and lovable nature, and who delighted in helping others. His work, with that of his son, Professor Sir Lawrence Bragg, on the diffraction of X rays by crystals, is well known and will be referred to by others. It need only be recorded here that it opened out a vast new field of research in which his own researches played a most prominent part, his results explaining phenomena which were baffling to the physicist and to the organic chemist.


Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the highest prevalent degenerative joint condition, leading to joint discomfort and impaired function. Objective: This study aimed to examin the relationship among serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and knee osteoarthritis (KOA) signs as well as the relationship among serum IL-6 and radiographic severity in cases with primary KOA. Methods: This case-control research involved 50 primary KOA cases and 50 controls. Signs were measured through the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Results: Serum IL-6 was significantly elevated in OA cases than controls. WOMAC in OA cases ranged from 0 to 95 and Kellegren-Lawrence (KL) score mean was 2.7 ± 0.76. Serum IL-6 was significantly correlated with pain, physical function score, and radiographic score. Regression analysis revealed that IL-6 had a higher influence on WOMAC and KL score. Conclusion: Serum IL-6 is elevated in KOA cases. In addition, serum IL-6 is associated with OA signs and radiographic severity.


From March 2012 to January 2013, this study was conducted as a part of the project for making a precise electronic ecological zoning map of vegetation on a highly reduced scale of 1 to 5,000 with a view to improving management efficiency of national parks and enlarging the availability of the data produced from the basic research monitoring the resources of national parks. For the research accuracy and rapidity, a vegetation map was specially created for the on-the-site-vegetation research. To make the map more meticulous, we categorized the vegetation database into five groups: broadleaved forest, coniferous forest, mixed forest, rock vegetation and miscellaneous one. After comparing the results of the data built for the vegetation research and the actual research findings, it was made clear that vegetation of both categories was almost the same in case of broad-leaved forest with 72.20% and 78.45% respectively, and also equivalent in other groups like, for example, coniferous forest (16.70%, 13.41%), mixed forest (9.50%, 7.49%) and rock vegetation (0.60%, 0.15%). According to the precise vegetation map produced from the research, the deciduous broad-leaved forest was the most widely prevalent type in the correlated hierarchical classification of vegetation, occupying 65.78% of the overall vegetation. It was followed by mountain valley forest (15.17%), coniferous forest (10.90%), and plantation forest (7.00%) in order. It is particularly noteworthy that Mt. Deogyusan national park has retained a very stable and versatile forest vegetation in the outstanding state since approximately 20% of the mountain turns out to belong to the I grade vegetation conservation classification which contains climax forests, unique vegetation, subalpine vegetation, matured stands which are older than 50 years and etc.


Background on the scoping question In low and middle income countries the vast majority of people with mental disorders do not get treatment. Integrating mental health care in nonspecialist health care is World Health Organization's (WHO's) policy to address this gap. Although both brief psychological and pharmacological treatment have a strong evidence basis for the treatment of depression in specialist care settings (NICE, 2007), less is known about the merits of brief psychological treatment in non-specialist health care settings.


The author discusses two extensions to previous work which may speed up, and render more accurate, the evaluation of the Bessel function. These extensions are real recursion for complex argument and the suppression of overflows.


The curriculum system of elementary education in our country is involved in country curriculum、local curriculum、school curriculum.School and teachers are not only the passive executer but also the ones to make and explore the curriculum.The exploration of school-based curriculum brings great chances and challenges for educators and teachers.In order to deal with the issue comprehensively,the first important thing we have to do is to get a better understanding the implication and nature of school-based curriculum.


Membrane biofouling is a major obstacle, which considerably affects membrane performance and shortens membrane life span. In the present study, the biofouling prevention potential of the tannic acid (TA) was tested on single and mixed species culture under flow conditions in flow cell and on reverse osmosis (RO) membrane in drip flow reactor (DFR). Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to acquire three dimensional (3D) images of biofilm samples and biofilm biovolume (μm3 ) was calculated via IMARIS software. The continuous dosing of TA at 20 mg/L to a flow cell led to a 98.2% (P < 0.05) biofilm reduction by PAO1 and 84.6% (P < 0.05) by a multispecies culture isolated from an industrial RO membrane. Furthermore, the continuous addition of TA to DFR led to 96.6% (P < 0.05) biofilm reduction by PAO1 and 98.9% (P < 0.05) by multispecies species, which further indicated the anti-biofouling effect of TA on RO membrane. These results suggest that TA can be a potential agent for the control of RO biofouling.


A number of alkaline-type gold deposits including Wulashan, Dongping, Heishanmen, Qiyugou, Guilaizhuang, and Shuangwang have been identified within the north China craton. All these six deposits are spatially and temporally related to alkaline intrusives complexes, dyke swarms, and breccia zones that formed during the Hercynian and Mesozoic Yan-shanian orogenies. Gold mineralization is confined mainly to K-feldspar-quartz stockworks, quartz veins, and albitite lenses. Results from recent studies show a direct link between gold metallogeny and alkaline magma rich in volatile components. Alkaline intrusive and eruptive rocks are well developed within the north China craton or along its marginal deep-seated faults. Therefore, these alkaline igneous rocks deserve particular attention during mineral exploration and metallogenic studies.


Feeding trial was conducted to investigate poultry by-product meal, blood meal and feather meal, in feed for juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A control fish meal feed and four experimental feed where fish meal was replaced at a fixed 66% with poultry by-product meal, blood meal, feather meal and enzyme treated feather meal were formulated. All the feeds were fixed to have a target protein of 30% and 8% fat to make the experimental diets iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. At the end of the 10 week feeding trial, poultry by-product meal substitution registered better growth performance and feed utilisation than the other diets and also the control diet with fish meal. Among the feeds with feather meal and enzyme treated feather meal substitution, feed with enzyme treated feather meal substitution performed better than the feather meal substituted feed. Feed with blood meal substitution registered the poorest growth with almost negligent feed intake. Results of the present study indicate that a feed with 66% replacement of fish meal protein by poultry by-product meal can result in better growth and FCR in Nile tilapia.


In this article, we present a new study for the analysis and classification of atmospheric aerosols in remote sensing LIDAR data. Information on particle size and associated properties are extracted from these remote sensing atmospheric data which are collected by a ground-based LIDAR system. This study first considers optical LIDAR parameter-based classification methods for clustering and classification of different types of harmful aerosol particles in the atmosphere. Since accurate methods for aerosol prediction behaviors are based upon observed data, computational approaches must overcome design limitations, and consider appropriate calibration and estimation accuracy. Consequently, two statistical methods based on generalized linear models (GLM) and regression tree techniques are used to further analyze the performance of the LIDAR parameter-based aerosol classification methods. The goal of GLM and regression tree analyses is to compare and contrast distinct classification data schemes, and compare the results with the measured aerosol reflection data in the atmosphere. The detailed statistical comparisons and analyses shows that the optical methods adopted in this study for classification and prediction of various harmful aerosol types such as soot, carbon monoxide (CO), sulfates (SOx), and nitrates (NOx) are efficient under appropriate functional distributions. The articleoffers a method for natural ordering of the aerosol types.


Risk identification is integral to construction management. The severe consequences of identified risk factors on time and cost performance can be addressed by improved risk management. The identification and preparation of responses to risk factors affects the risk management process directly and indirectly. Recent changes in the valuation of the Egyptian currency against foreign currencies during the last year and measures to cut down on the importation of engineering materials and equipment have had significant effects on the existing and recognized regulations concerning construction in Egypt. A pilot survey with expert engineers is a crucial step in completing research. In this research study, 15 experts were asked to discuss the collected risk factors from previous studies to verify the workability of these factors in Egypt. Thirty-five risk factors were selected during the pilot survey, which was distributed to 95 participants. To facilitate the analysis process, the collection was based on a five-point Likert scale. Therefore, redefining and arranging the risks according to the current circumstances is the main objective of this study. The proposed model identified different high-risk factors that could cumulatively affect overall performance, such as funding problems from contractors, material price fluctuations, unrealistic estimates of the duration of project activities, and shortages of construction materials in the market. Thus, to help stakeholders achieve project success, these high-risk factor components should be identified and controlled duly.


Implementation of good governance can not be separated from the aspect of accountability, that is the responsibility and conformity of things that has been planned, promised, and field implementationd through the budget received (Sadjiarto, 2000). Bureaucratic reform which includes institutional and management, human resources, and supervision in performing general governance and development agenda needs to be done in revamping the government's performance (Kwik Kian Gie, 2003). Government as the main actor of good governance required to provide accountability more transparent and more accurate (Yunus, 2000). Clarity refers to the budget targets a budget that has been created and can be understood clearly and specifically in accordance with a pre-planned impact both on performance or managerial activities of the apparatus itself. The facts found in the field indicates the presence of the budget goal clarity apparatus can determine in achieving the budget targets, and define what will be done so that what has been targeted in the beginning can be realized with both (Son, 2013). Government Institution Performance Accountability is the embodiment of the obligations of a government agency to take responsibility for the success and failure of the mission of the organization in achieving its goals and objectives that have been established through accountability systems periodically using component instruments successes and failures consist of strategic planning, performance planning, performance measurement and reporting performance (Rasidi, 2011). Performance reporting is done periodically and evaluation of government performance accountability system by APIP (Government Institutions Supervisory Apparatus). Dokumen MoH 2015 performance agreement has been signed by the Minister of Health Date March 6, 2015, contains the promise of the Minister of Health to achieve health development targets in 2015 as had been stated in the document Strategic Plan (Strategic Plan) and in accordance with accepted budget (DIPA Ministry of Health 2015). In the performance of the agreement, there is the inclusion of strategic objectives and performance indicators in accordance with the Ministry of Health Strategic Plan 2015-2019 and the budget referring to the Ministry of Health DIPA 2015. Obtained a discrepancy between the performance agreement with the Ministry of Health 2015 is a supporting document; 1). Target performance is not in accordance with the duties and functions of the Ministry of Health, 2). Suitability of targets and indicators on the Work Plan in 2015 with the Treaty of 2015 performance, and 3). Inclusion of the budget that is parallel to the target.


The relationship between carbonic anhydrase and environment in Karst area and its geochemical significance are reviewed in this paper. The hydrophilic ecosystem is influenced by carbonic anhydrase, which is an important factor in the hydrocarbon cycle with important bio-geochemical significance. The activities of carbonic anhydrase are affected in various extents by various environmental factors such as water, light, pH, inorganic and organic ions, etc. The activity of carbonic anhydrase in the soils of low vegetation coverage is lower than that in the soils of high vegetation coverage in various Karst ecosystems. Moreover, in the same type Karst ecosystem, the activities of carbonic anhydrase in soils are varied with the various Karst landforms. The geochemistry of the carbonic anhydrase in soils in the Karst area is a new way to study the carbon cycling in the Karst ecosystem and could provide a theoretical basis on the prevention of desertification in the Karst area.


The influence of titanium and zirconium microadditions on the grain refinement in aluminum weld metal was investigated. These grain refiners signifi cantly altered the morphology of the solidification structure. The time to nucle ate the first grain in the weld metal, the weld metal solidification rate and the columnar grain size were all character ized as a function of the grain refiner content. Increasing the zirconium and titanium contents altered the weld pool shape, which increased the solidification rates, increased the nucleation rate and promoted grain refinement. A grain refinement model based on hetero geneous nucleation on second-phase particles is introduced.


Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrinopathy of obscure pathophysiologic origins, globally affecting 6-15% women of childbearing age. Emerging evidence on repercussions of environmental insults and changing lifestyles on fecundity and reproductive health have necessitated the study of tissue-specific epigenetic alterations in PCOS development. In semblance to follicular and oocyte defects observed in PCOS ovaries, targeted bisulfite sequencing was performed to generate the methylome signatures of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) obtained from age-BMI matched women with PCOS (n=3) and healthy, regularly menstruating controls (n=3) using next generation sequencing approach. Paired end sequencing of samples was carried out on Illumina HiSeq 2500 ® platform and data were analyzed using the Bismark tool. Methylation levels of a few selected genes relevant to ovarian function were further validated in GCs obtained from 10 controls and 10 women with PCOS by pyrosequencing. Relative transcript levels of these genes were assessed by q-RT PCR using Taqman assays. In the methylome analysis, a total of 6486 CpG sites representing 3840 genes associated with pathways such as Wnt signaling, G-protein receptor signaling, angiogenesis, chemokine and cytokine mediated inflammation and integrin signaling showed differential methylation in PCOS. Of these, a total of 2977 CpG sites representing 2063 genes were identified as hypomethylated while 3509 CpG sites in 1777 genes were found to be hypermethylated. Additionally, differential methylation was also noted in several non-coding RNAs regulating vital ovarian functions and which are reported to be dysregulated in PCOS. This data provides compelling evidence in support of epigenetic alterations as etiopathogenic factors associated with ovarian dysfunction in PCOS. Acknowledgements This research is supported by the DST and ICMR grants, Govt. of India. Financial support of DAE-BRNS, Govt. of India for P.S is acknowledged. Citation: Sagvekar, P. and Mukherjee, S. Targeted genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of ovarian granulosa cells from women with PCOS [Abstract]. In: Abstracts of the NGBT conference; Oct 02-04, 2017; Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India: Can J biotech, Volume 1, Special Issue, Page 81. https://doi.org/10.24870/cjb.2017-a68


Synthesis and Coordination Behaviour of (Ph3SnO)3As. The Crystal Structures of (Ph3SnO)3As and [{(Ph3SnO)3As}Fe(CO)4]

(Ph3SnO)3As (1) was obtained from the reaction of Ph3SnOH with As2O3 in a dichloromethane/water mixture as solvent. Upon recrystallization from DMF 1 forms orthorhombic crystals, space group P212121, with a = 977.3(2), b = 1903.5(3) and c = 2600.9(5) pm (at 220 K). In 1 the As atom is bound to three OSnPh3 groups with As–O distances of 171.9(3)–174.9(3) pm. Reaction of 1 with Fe2(CO)9 gives [{(Ph3SnO)3As}Fe(CO)4] (2). 2 crystallizes monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 2242.3(5), b = 1112.6(2), c = 2353.0(5) pm and β = 111,46(2)° (at 220 K). In 2 the iron atom exhibits a trigonal bipyramidal coordination with the (Ph3SnO)3As ligand in an axial position. The Fe–As bond length is 230.5(1) pm.


Background Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea; Echinodermata) have the capacity to regenerate lost tissues and organs. Although the histological and cytological aspects of intestine regeneration have been extensively studied, little is known of the genetic mechanisms involved. There has, however, been a renewed effort to develop a database of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) in Apostichopus japonicus, an economically-important species that occurs in China. This is important for studies on genetic breeding, molecular markers and special physiological phenomena. We have also constructed a library of ESTs obtained from the regenerative body wall and intestine of A. japonicus. The database has increased to ∼30000 ESTs. Results We used RNA-Seq to determine gene expression profiles associated with intestinal regeneration in A. japonicus at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days post evisceration (dpe). This was compared to profiles obtained from a normally-functioning intestine. Approximately 5 million (M) reads were sequenced in every library. Over 2400 up-regulated genes (>10%) and over 1000 down-regulated genes (∼5%) were observed at 3 and 7dpe (log2Ratio≥1, FDR≤0.001). Specific "Go terms" revealed that the DEGs (Differentially Expressed Genes) performed an important function at every regeneration stage. Besides some expected pathways (for example, Ribosome and Spliceosome pathway term), the "Notch signaling pathway," the "ECM-receptor interaction" and the "Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction" were significantly enriched. We also investigated the expression profiles of developmental genes, ECM-associated genes and Cytoskeletal genes. Twenty of the most important differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were verified by Real-time PCR, which resulted in a trend concordance of almost 100% between the two techniques. Conclusion Our studies demonstrated dynamic changes in global gene expression during intestine regeneration and presented a series of candidate genes and enriched pathways that contribute to intestine regeneration in sea cucumbers. This provides a foundation for future studies on the genetics/molecular mechanisms associated with intestine regeneration.


Background: Regarding the generation of recurring utterances (RUs), there are two lines of research in the literature. The first is that RUs occur in severe aphasia; that is, global aphasia or severe Broca's aphasia. The second is that RUs are a modality-specific and post-phonological speech disorder. Aims: The aims of this paper are (1) to describe and follow up on the characteristics of non-meaningful RUs observed in a patient, AY, who had no definite aphasic symptoms, and (2) to investigate the mechanism underlying the generation of AY's RUs neurolinguistically and neuroanatomically. Methods & Procedures: We studied and followed the language functions of AY, including her non-meaningful RUs, using the Japanese Standard Language Test for Aphasia (SLTA; Japanese Society of Aphasiology, 1977) and her conversations with her speech therapists. Outcomes & Results: The patient was found to present non-meaningful RUs without definite aphasic symptoms. Her speech disorder evolved into pure apraxia of speech about a year after onset. Conclusions: The results show that AY's non-meaningful RUs are a modality-specific and post-phonological speech disorder, which supports the hypothesis that RUs result from deficits in post-lexical subphonemic processing in the psycholinguistic or neurolinguistic model of speech production.


Study Design. A retrospective study of 24 sacroiliac joint computed tomographic (CT) scans of patients with persistent donor site pain. Objective. To illustrate the computed tomographic findings of sacroiliac joints in patients who underwent posterior iliac bone graft harvesting with subsequent persistent donor site pain. Summary of Background Data. In a previous study the posterior iliac bone harvesting site was divided into three zones. Zone 1 carried no risk of violation of the synovial part of the sacroiliac joint. In Zones 2 and 3 there was a potential risk of violation to the synovial part of the sacroiliac joint. There is no study in the literature on the effect of violating the different parts of the sacroiliac joint during posterior iliac bone graft harvesting. Methods. Computed tomographic scans of the sacroiliac joints of 22 patients with persistent pain in 24 sacroiliac joints after posterior iliac bone graft harvesting were retrospectively reviewed. Results. Of the 16 sacroiliac joints with evidence of disruption of the inner table at the ligamentous part, 10 showed mild degenerative changes, and 6 showed moderate changes. Three joints with evidence of disruption of the inner table at the synovial part showed severe degenerative changes. Five joints with no evidence of inner table disruption did not show degenerative changes. Conclusion. There is a high prevalence of inner table disruption in patients with persistent sacroiliac joint pain after posterior iliac bone graft harvesting. The computed tomographic scan showed that involvement of the synovial part caused more severe degenerative changes than involvement of the ligamentous part.


Density estimation, which estimates the distribution of data, is an important category of probabilistic machine learning. A family of density estimators is mixture models, such as Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) by expectation maximization. Another family of density estimators is the generative models which generate data from input latent variables. One of the generative models is the Masked Autoregressive Flow (MAF) which makes use of normalizing flows and autoregressive networks. In this paper, we use the density estimators for classification, although they are often used for estimating the distribution of data. We model the likelihood of classes of data by density estimation, specifically using GMM and MAF. The proposed classifiers outperform simpler classifiers such as linear discriminant analysis which model the likelihood using only a single Gaussian distribution. This work opens the research door for proposing other probabilistic classifiers based on joint density estimation.


The study objectives were the following: to assess the average age at 1st marriage for men in Shiraz the 6th largest city in Iran to assess the changes in the average (mean) age at marriage since 1956 to make a preliminary assessment of the relationship between the actual and the legal minimum age at marriage to examine some of the socioeconomic determinants of male age at 1st marriage and to review the possible impact of the 1979 revolution and the establishment of an Islamic Republic in Iran on marriage (behavior) patterns. In view of the existing registration system in Iran the primary source of data for this study consisted of reading the marriage contracts registered in Shiraz during the Iranian years 1335 (1956) 1345 (1966) and 1352 (1973) and extracting all the relevant demographic and socioeconomic information of the married couples. At the time of the survey the legal minimum age at 1st marriage was 18 for men. The average age of all 400 newly married men interviewed was 26.8 years but the average age of the 359 men who had married for the 1st time was 25.1 years. The average age of those who had married for the 1st time was 1.7 years less than the average age of men of all marriage orders. The average age of the 792 men from the blood test data was 26.5 years. The average age at 1st marriage for men in Shiraz appears to follow the pattern observed in other places and declined from 27.8 in 1956 to 25.9 in 1973. The proportion of male underage marriages in Shiraz was found to be far less than the proportion of female under-legal-age marriages. Some socioeconomic and cultural factors which determine the marriage pattern of Shirazi men are the following: level of education occupational status annual income the institution of dower and the age at marriage and many reforms affecting the family laws in the Islamic world. The Islamic Republic of Iran appears to have adopted a pronatalist policy inherent in the Islamic laws that now prevail in Iran. Consequently a major shift in the pattern of marriage and nuptiality in Iran after the 1979 revolution is expected.


Statistical properties of the output z(t) of a finite time integrator are discussed. The input process considered is a binary random process y(t) having successive axis-crossing intervals which are statistically independent. Transform expressions are derived for the first- and second-order transition probability densities of the integrated process, and it is shown how these results may be extended to three or more dimensions. Four processes are considered as examples. The integrated process z(t) is shown to be a projection of a Markov process in three dimensions. The other two components are the original binary process y(t) , and an "associated ramp process" x(t) . Various statistical properties of this ramp process are considered and it is shown that x(t) is Markovian in one dimension. The first-order probability density and the transition probability density are discussed. Also, the transition probability density for the joint process [x(t), y(t), z(t)] is given. Finally, in Appendix II, results are given for the first passage and recurrence time probability densities of x(t) , together with a relation between these two density functions.


National and regional law regarding spanish cultural heritage grant to the administration a term of two years for the payment of the price after the exercise of preemptive rights in the sale of works of art. In a recent ruling, where the claimants asked for the payment of interest, the Supreme Court rejected this claim arguing that it was a privilege granted by law. This ruling is criticized in this article, for the opposite interpretation would be more respectful with our Constitution. The consitutionality of that administrative privilege is also examined, and also the possibility of claiming the patrimonial responsibility of the public administration fo its delay in the payment.


ON THE EARLY MORNING of a spring day, a few years ago, I stood on the rim of a hill in the wastelands of the West, watching with interest the results of man's technical invasion of the desert valley below. Among my companions on this occasion was an American of national stature and recognition. In spite of the apparent age-old serenity of our surroundings, an undercurrent of excitement prevailed, and men spoke in the hushed tones of those who tread on the thresholds of cathedrals. On radio command, the panoramic desert scene was cut out by the blackness of dark glasses and even the brightness of the sun paled to that of a wan moon, dimmed by summer haze. There commenced then, over the loudspeaker a metronomic counting cutting through the cool morning air with the precision of a clock ticking off the seconds of doom, nine-eight-seven-six-five-fourthree-two-one, and then, the blinding flash of nuclear fission. The currents of brilliant colors in the swirling fireball, like some gaseous whirlpool of Dante's Inferno, had barely subsided when I turned to observe the reaction of my scientific companion, who was witnessing his first atomic explosion. He stood, dark glasses in hand, with tears coursing down his cheeks, unchecked and unnoticed, oblivious of his immediate surroundings, staring at the evidence of this unleashed power rising like some great genie over the sandflat below. That night, over the evening meal, in a Las


Volatile oil was extracted from Fenugreek by supercritical fluid extraction,and its components were separated and structure was identified by capillary GC-MS method,the structures of chemical compounds with database of mass spectrometry was analyzed. The relative content of each component was calculated by area normalization. The identification of chemical compounds which extracted by supercritical fluid extraction is helpful for finding out characteristic compounds from volatile oil from Fenugreek. The methods can be applied in specialized isolation and identification of other samples.


Long kept in rural areas for hunting, ferrets are increasingly popular as pets and as such are presenting more often at veterinary practices. An introduction into what you need to know.


In an evolving news environment, our understanding and application of "news media literacy" must also evolve to equip individuals with the skills to critically engage with news and participate in public life. Using an experimental design, this study tests different news media literacy messages to determine whether certain messages appeal to some groups over others and whether their effectiveness depends on the media context in which they are consumed by pairing these messages with a clip from The Daily Show. Our findings suggest that different news media literacy messages were seen as successful in conveying their message and promoting political engagement, but these effects also depend on media context and audience characteristics. This study fills a gap by developing and testing realistic news media literacy messages for their democratic potential.


The relationship between copyright and design law has again come more into focus as a result of the Court of Justice of the European Union's (CJEU) decision in the Cofemel/G-Star case. EU law enables dual protection of designs both through copyright and through design law. Australian copyright law tries to exclude or at least limit dual protection. This article considers the advantages and disadvantages of dual protection and outlines a suggestion for sharpening the distinction between copyright and design law.


This ductile iron pipe caster became the first North American plant to install a continuous electric are furnace (Contiarc), and is going to use its 65 MW of power to melt and smelt quality iron for years to come.


Background: Communication Skills (CS) are one of the elements of generic skills that are essential among university students. Communication skills are referred to hearing and speech relation between people and its feedback. Medical students as the main members of the medical personal need to acquire communication skills in order to have communicate effectively and purposefully with patients . The weakness of communication between the medical staff can lead to medical mistakes and reduce the patient's quality of care. So, the aim of this study was to determine the level of Communication skills Among Ardabil Medical University Students and its Association with Demographic Characteristics.
Methods: This descriptive–analytical study was conducted on 250 medical students who selected randomly of Ardabil medical university students in 2018. The data collection tool was a questionnaire included demographic data and interpersonal communication skills test (34 items) with a range of 34-170. Data analysis was done using statistical methods in SPSS version 21.
Results: Of all students, 62.3% were girls and the rest were boys. The average age of students was 23.7 ± 2.3 years. Of students 54.7% had moderate communication skills and the others had high levels of communication skills. The average score of student communication skills was 98 ± 14 and there was a significant relationship between gender and communication skill levels. Of students, 36.7% also had a history of participation in individual skills workshops .
Conclusion: The results indicated that students' communication skills were in moderate and girl students had higher level of communication skills than boys.


This article is taken from the study of marginalization cases experienced by Pakpak women of rural poor families. The study was conducted in Pegagan village of Sumbul Subdistrict, Dairi, North Sumatra province. The marginalization phenomenon is shown in some aspects; restrictions on women's access to formal education, tendency of dropping out of school, having no inheritance rights and no role in the decision making of custom. Related to this phenomenon, the research question of this study is how the process of marginalization experienced by women in their family is.Marxist structural feminist perspective and qualitative approach with feminist perspective were used to answer the research question. The findings of the study finally show that the structured patriarchy ideology as gender ideology in family becomes the cause of women marginalization. Patriarchy becoming gender ideological construction in Pakpak family is interpreted and expressed in the form of private patriarchy, that is a hegemonizing system or structure of men power that has dominated and subordinated social position of women in Pakpak families.


based on an analysis of problems besetting the present in henanhi-tec,the paper proposes a new model of Development Environment about Henan Hi-Tec


The present invention relates to an array substrate for a transflective liquid crystal display device. In order to equalize the luminance of the reflection mode and the transmission mode in the transflective liquid crystal display device, by forming the penetration hole and the inclined step portion having a protective layer on the array substrate for a different thickness of the liquid crystal layer, wherein the liquid crystal in an inclined step portion since the thickness of the constantly changing light leakage may occur in this area. In the present invention, unless by preventing to form a light-blocking pattern as a gate material and an active layer material so as to correspond to the reflective portion and the transmissive portion border area of inclined step portions of the light leaking from the boundary region, the process is not increased standing reflective mode and transmissive mode it is possible to improve the contrast ratio of each. Semi-permeable, contrast ratio, a penetration hole


A procedure is presented for selecting and ordering the polynomial basis functions in the functional link net (FLN). This procedure, based upon a modified Gram Schmidt orthonormalization, eliminates linearly dependent and less useful basis functions at an early stage, reducing the possibility of combinatorial explosion. The number of passes through the training data is minimized through the use of correlations. A one-pass method is used for validation and network sizing. Function approximation and learning examples are presented. Results for the ordered FLN are compared with those for the FLN, group method of data handling, and multi-layer perceptron.


The objectives of the study were: (1) to analyze the differences in learning outcomes between students who studied using Arduino Uno media trainers and students who studied using AVR media trainers at Surabaya KAL-1 Vocational School; (2) analyze the differences in learning outcomes between students who have a high level of creative thinking and students who have a low level of creative thinking at Surabaya KAL-1 Vocational School; (3) analyze the interaction between the use of media trainers and creative thinking on the learning outcomes of students of Surabaya KAL-1 Vocational School. The type of this research is quasy experiment using factorial 2x2 design, and data is analyzed using two-way Anava. The study found: (1) the average score of psychomotor domain learning outcomes (85.11) for students learning by using Arduino media trainers, significantly higher than the average score of psychomotor domains (74.80) for students learning using AVR media trainer; (2) the average score of psychomotor domains for students who have a high level of creative thinking (91.47), significantly higher than psychomotor domain learning outcomes for students who have a low level of creative thinking (78.09); (3) there is a significant interaction between the application of the media trainer and the level of creative thinking on the learning outcomes of the psychomotor domain.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: method includes reacting silicon with gaseous HCl at temperature between 250°C and 1100°C and absolute pressure of 0.5-30 atm. The process can be carried out in a fluidised bed reactor, a stirred bed reactor or a solid bed reactor. The silicon fed for reaction contains 40-10000 ppm barium by weight and optionally 40-10000 ppm copper by weight. EFFECT: high selectivity of the process of producing trichlorosilane. 14 cl, 4 dwg, 2 tbl, 4 ex


The purpose of this conceptual paper was to investigate risk management in the family business. Risk management poses challenges to family business's survival, as family members do not take actions on risk. Family members find managing risk difficult; therefore, they prefer to avoid taking actions. The assessment of risk is difficult and family businesses lack the ability to determine risk management priorities, including risk management review processes to evaluate risk. Risk priorities should be refocused to be in line with the strategic direction of the family business. Family business owners should also seek agreement on the risk goals of the business. Managing risk effectively will assist the family business to perform well and to maintain sustainable growth. Since very little research is conducted on risk management in the family business, this paper contributes to the existing literature by unpacking risk management in the family business context. The research concluded that managers should be educated on how to define acceptable risk in the financial area. The research recommends that family business managers should have a historical perspective on finance, as it will assist in identifying risk management areas.


Evolution of the lace craft in Tambov Province in post-reform time and the period of the New Economic Policy is considered in the article. The centres of lacemaking in Tambov Province, both during the Tsarist Russia and the New Economic Policy period, were Ishchenskaya, Krasninskaya, Troekurovskaya and Cherepanskaya volosts of Lebedyansky (and after administrative reorganization of the province - Lipetsky) district. The main problem faced by lacemakers was the destructive activity of buyers. During monopolising the market, they were forcing needlewomen to operate at a loss. In pre-revolutionary Russia artisans were supported at different levels. Two allRussian homemade exhibitions were organised at the state level. Tambov zemstvo held a number of exhibitions, established lace schools and opened a craft store. A great contribution to the development of the craft was made by local patrons of the arts. However, despite considerable support, problems of local lacemakers could not be solved.When the Bolsheviks came to power it was observed that the artisanal lace production completely disappeared during the period of war communism, and only revived during the New Economic Policy period. The activities of buyers still had a negative impact on the development of lacemaking. The course taken to cooperate with artisans, which was supposed to solve this problem, ultimately failed, without achieving the desired result. The All-Russia agricultural and trade show, organized in 1923, was not a success either, since the handicrafts industry had not yet been able to recover and there was almost nothing to show. The revival of the craft was adversely affected by the persecution of the Tambov landowners who were engaged in patronage of the arts. In the end, the Bolshevik leadership also failed to solve the problems that were hindering the handicraft industry.


The state-of-the-art geopositioning is the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which operates based on the satellite constellation providing positioning, navigation, and timing services. While the Global Positioning System (GPS) is widely used to position an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS), it is not always available and can be jammed, introducing operational liabilities. When the GPS signal is degraded or denied, the UAS navigation solution cannot rely on incorrect positions GPS provides, resulting in potential loss of control. This paper presents a real-time pipeline for geopositioning functionality using a down-facing monocular camera. The proposed approach is deployable using only a few initialization parameters, the most important of which is the map of the area covered by the UAS flight plan. Our pipeline consists of an offline geospatial quad-tree generation for fast information retrieval, a choice from a selection of landmark detection and matching schemes, and an attitude control mechanism that improves reference to acquired image matching. To evaluate our method, we collected several image sequences using various flight patterns with seasonal changes. The experiments demonstrate high accuracy and robustness to seasonal changes.


In this report leading twist distribution amplitudes of 1S and 2S charmonium mesons are considered. The models of these distribution amplitudes are built and applied to the calculation of double charmonium production at B‐factories. The results of the calculation are in good agreement with the experimental measurements.


(In0.95Sn0.05)2O3 and (In0.90Cu0.05Sn0.05)2O3 thin films were coated onto glass substrate by electron beam evaporation technique. The structural and optical properties of ITO and Cu doped ITO thin films have been studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The crystallite size obtained for ITO and Cu doped ITO thin films was in the range of 24 nm to 22 nm. The optical band gap of 4 eV for ITO thin film sample has been observed. The optical band gap decreases to 3.85 eV by doping Cu in ITO.(In0.95Sn0.05)2O3 and (In0.90Cu0.05Sn0.05)2O3 thin films were coated onto glass substrate by electron beam evaporation technique. The structural and optical properties of ITO and Cu doped ITO thin films have been studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The crystallite size obtained for ITO and Cu doped ITO thin films was in the range of 24 nm to 22 nm. The optical band gap of 4 eV for ITO thin film sample has been observed. The optical band gap decreases to 3.85 eV by doping Cu in ITO.


Since 1979, plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) has provided relief of angina for many patients. Recurrent symptoms due to restenosis diminished with bare metal stent and, more recently, drug-eluting technology. A limitation to achieving good results with POBA and stenting is calcification within the artery, which can not only prevent passage of balloons and stents into a lesion but may also prevent adequate lumen expansion. Rotational atherectomy or rotablation can treat highly resistant calcified plaque within coronary arteries to allow adequate vessel expansion and ensure optimal stent deployment. The concept of using a high-speed diamond-tipped drill spinning at 150,000 rpm driven by compressed air to clear an artery that is 3 mm in diameter is challenging, yet this technique has been available for use in coronary arteries since 1989 when Bertrand (Lille, France) and Erbel (Essen, Germany) first used it in humans.


An oblivious subspace embedding (OSE), characterized by parameters m, n, d, ǫ, δ , is a random matrix Π ∈ R m × n such that for any d -dimensional subspace T ⊆ R n , Pr Π [ ∀ x ∈ T, (1 − ǫ ) k x k 2 ≤ k Π x k 2 ≤ (1 + ǫ ) k x k 2 ] ≥ 1 − δ . When an OSE has 1 / (9 ǫ ) nonzero entries in each column, we show it must hold that m = Ω( d 2 /ǫ 1 − O ( δ ) ), which is the first lower bound with multiplicative factors of d 2 and 1 /ǫ , improving on the previous Ω( ǫ O ( δ ) d 2 ) lower bound due to Li and Liu (PODS 2022).


Laser micro-processing techniques are becoming commonplace in the industrial production of high-tech devices. As the limit of conventional manufacturing is reached, laser micro-processing presents itself as an enabling technology in a wide range of applications.


We derive a constraint on the effective number of neutrino species Nν from the cosmic microwave background power spectrum of the WMAP and galaxy clustering power spectrum of the SDSS luminous red galaxies (LRGs). Using these two latest data sets of CMB and galaxy clustering alone, we obtain the limit 0.9 < Nν < 8.2 (95% C.L.) for the power-law Λ CDM flat universe, with no external prior. The lower limit corresponds to the lower bound on the reheating temperature of the universe TR > 2 MeV.


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Modern clinical treatments of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) employ enzyme-based methods for depletion of blood asparagine in combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents. L-asparaginase (L-asp) therapy causes depletion of plasma asparagine followed by the loss of intracellular asparagine. Due to the lack of a rapid up-regulation of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) protein content in ALL cells, they are preferentially killed by L-asp. Elevated expression of ASNS within the leukemia cells causes decreased sensitivity to L-asp. The proof of ASNS deficiency in leukemia cells is considered to predictive for effectiveness of L-asp even in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) other than ALL patients. The establishment of quantitative estimation of ASNS protein content would be useful for the L-asp treatment in leukemia therapy. Objective: Our aim was to set up a flow cytometry system to check ASNS deficiency in leukemia cells and to investigate the sensitivity to L-Asp and the ASNS expression in AML leukemia cells. Methods: AML (KG-1, HL-60, U937) and ALL (MOLT-4, RS4;11) and CML (K562) cell lines were grown in RPMI1640 medium with 10% FCS. Primary leukemic cells from the peripheral blood or bone marrow of 20 AML patients were harvested on EDTA and isolated by Ficoll density gradient within 72h. ASNS expression was evaluated by cytosolic flow cytometry with Z5808 McAb (Hybridoma 31: 325-332.2012) and expressed as a ΔMFI(Difference of Mean Fluorescence Intensity(MFI) between by Z5808 and isotypic control) or MFI ratio(MFI by Z5808/MFI by isotypic control). When a sufficient amount of leukemic cells was available, sensitivity to L-asp (expressed as an IC50 - concentration inhibiting 50% of cell viability) was evaluated in vitro by incubating various concentrations of E. coli L-asp with the cells and by measuring the cell viability with a counting kit (WST1 viability assay) at day 3. Results: Determination of IC50 for the HL-60 (⊿MFI 48 ± 8.01, MFI ratio 1.77 ± 0.03) and U937 (⊿MFI 16.7 ± 0.47, MFI ratio 1.19 ± 0.02) demonstrated that these cells were equally sensitive to L-asp than the ALL cell line MOLT-4 in vitro (0.37 and 0.02IU/mL versus 0.15 IU/mL, respectively). K562 and KG-1 (⊿MFI 135.7 ± 5.66, MFI ratio 2.48 ± 0.09) cells with the highest ASNS expression exhibited resistance to L-asp (>10 IU/ml). Both of ASNS Expression by ⊿MFI and MFI ratio was inversely correlated with L-asp sensitivity judging from cell line studies. Judging from cell line study, the threshold for ASNS protein expression effective for L-asp treatment was considered to be 10 IU/mL) Remaining 5 patients were a moderate sensitivity (IC50 in vitro to L-asp. The patients with blasts sensitive to L-asp had mainly M1, M5 or M7 AML. A good inverse correlation between ASNS expression and sensitivity to L-asp was observed also in primary leukemic cells from AML patients. Conclusions: We demonstrated here that some of AML cell lines with low ASNS expression are more sensitive to L-asp than leukemia cells with high ASNS expression. Also, fresh AML cells with low ASNS expression are more sensitive to L-asp than with high ASNS expression. 11/13AML or two AMLL cases were supposed to be effective for L-asp. Plasma asparagine depletion by L-asp in selected patients having low ASNS may be a promising therapeutic approach even for AML. This work was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) KAKENHI Grant Number 24590713. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


ABSTRACT The director field configuration of a colloidal chiral nematic liquid crystal confined in droplets is studied in this work. We employ microfluidics to produce monodisperse droplets containing nematic dispersions of fd virus surrounded by a carrier oil phase, while we vary the size of the droplet as well as the concentration of the virus. The resulting director fields within the droplets are studied at the single-molecule level, using confocal microscopy. The 3-D structures are linked to polarisation microscopy observations of bright rings, which can be attributed to a cholesteric twist of the director field. We identify boundaries of concentration and size where one and two rings are observed, suggesting suppression of the cholesteric twist by confinement. Single particle confocal observations confirm that indeed the twist in the director field underlies the ring formation, but they also show that the twist is non-monotonous throughout the droplet and much smaller than observed in bulk. Grapical abstract


Secure information flow attempts to verify that programs do not leak information to unauthorized third parties. Previous approaches to secure information flow have considered classical sequential languages and concurrent languages based on channels. In this work, we demonstrate how techniques from secure information flow can be used to verify security properties of structured concurrent workflows expressed in the Orc calculus. Unlike channel-based concurrent languages, Orc imposes structure on the flow of information between processes, enabling more straightforward analysis of some programs. Orc also relies heavily on non-termination to manage control flow, requiring a more sophisticated analysis of termination properties.


SUMMARY Costimulatory molecules areessential incognateinteractions between T andB lymphocytes. To studytheprerequisites offunctional interactions between malignant B cells andintermingled Tcells inB-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (B-NHL), we examined theexpression ofCD40, CD80andCD86andtheir ligands CD40ligand (CD40L, CD154), CD28andCTLA4(CD152) usingimmunohistochemistry andconfocal laser scanning microscopy. Almostallmucosaassociated lymphoid tissue (MALT)NHL were positive forCD40andCD80andinnineoutof 14caseswerepositive forCD86.Themajority offollicle centrecell lymphomas (FCCL)expressed CD40,butwere heterogeneous intheir expression ofCD80andCD86.Mostdiffuse large cell lymphomas (DLCL)were CD80+,butlacked expression ofCD86.Thesepatterns reflect the differences inphenotype ofnormal marginal-zone B cells (ascounterparts ofMALT NHL)and germinal centrecells (ascounterparts ofFCCL andDLCL).Counter-receptors on Tcells were detectable in13of14MALT NHL,12of16FCCLbutonlyoccasionally inDLCL (three of12 cases). A subgroup ofFCCL was identified withT-cell expression ofCD40L,CD28andCTLA4 simultaneously withstrongexpression ofCD40andCD86on thetumourB cells. Theseresults indicate thatMALT NHL anda subset ofFCCL aremostoptimally equipped forfunctional interactions withTcells. This may besupported bythedemonstration ofcytokine production mainly inTcells - inMALT NHL [interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-y (IFN-Y), IL-10] andFCCL (IL-2, IFN-y) andtoa lesser extent inDLCL.


The varied number of suggested meals put people who spend most of their time outside to a confusing situation. In addition, the proposed items (meals) are standard for all people, meaning that they receive the same menu, although they differ in many attributes such as age, weight, health status, eating habits and tastes. A recommendation based on nutritional value can help people to prevent or control certain diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity. However, learning about people's food preferences and making recommendations that simultaneously appeal to their health expectations, which can be very difficult, is really a very difficult task. Many existing recommendation systems do not take into account the context in which the user is placed and often suffer from the cold start system problem. Through this work, we propose a new collaborative and contextual recommendation system that allows the target user to be directed towards healthy menu of tasty meals. For this, the proposed approach was named Healthy and Tasty (H&T). H&T is a recommendation system based on a multilayer architecture, where the highest layer is based on the pre-filtering algorithm, which eliminates the cold start system problem, and is based mainly on the thresholds of the compatible nutritional elements with the user profile, thus ensuring the healthy factor in the recommendations. The middle layer based on collaborative filtering algorithm works in particular to ensure the taste factor, while the deepest layer is the pertinent layer based on the post-filtering algorithm, where the recommendation will be much more adapted to the environment of the user. The proposed approach has been realized via an Android application where the experimental results are promoters.


The relationships betwcen species , fragmented grass [ands were studied in the central Kinki . The nent species of semi − natural grasslands ) a high positive co π elatlon the grassland area both spe − cies − 10g area and log species − log area models . grassland elernents were classified into species groups based on the similarity oftheir occurrence as extinct er exhibjted to absent in smaller grasslands We showod that it is essential to conserve grasslands the species .


Aim: Although wake-up stroke patients account for one-fifth of all ischemic stroke patients, they have been deprived of recanalization treatment as the onset of the stroke is not known. It has come into the focus of recent research that this treatment could be applied to particularly patients who are selected on a radiological basis. We aimed to examine clinical and demographic characteristics of wake-up strokes.
Materials and Methods: All ischemic stroke patients who presented to the emergency service throughout the night were analyzed, and only wake-up stroke patients were included in the study. These patients were divided into subgroups according to the time they were discovered, clinical characteristics, treatment options, and mortality status. In the analysis of the categorical variables, Pearson Chi-square test was used, while in the normal distribution analysis of the continuous variables, Shapiro-Wilk test was employed. In the comparison of two groups, student's t test was used. Statistical significance value was accepted as p


The SCIFER rocket was successfully launched from the Andoya Rocket Range on January 25, 1995. All of the UNH science experiments worked very well and a suite of first ever rocket data in the dayside cusp at altitudes over 1000 km was obtained. This work resulted in the following publications and presentations to the scientific community.


Abstract Spacecraft motion control system is very important for safely landing on the moon surface. To reduce complexity and increase performance in landing system motivates to develop a new idea for lunar lander descent scheme. Moreover, precise landing capability with high robustness against parameter uncertainties and optimality in fuel consumption with the ability to be landed vertically are essential for future lunar or planetary landing missions. This research qualitatively represents an advanced gravity-turn descent issue to allow an accurate depiction of descent from orbital condition. In fact, this idea expands the sphere of legitimacy of the gravity-turn illumination from low velocity terminal descent to a complete descent starting at parking orbit. It can readily be used to develop real-time guidance algorithm for future lunar landing mission reducing the computational burden.


AbstractA modern construction management technique—the Gantt chart—is used to examine how builders organized the erection of four surviving farm buildings for Sir Daniel Fleming of Rydal Hall between 1659 and 1688. His accounts allow detailed bar charts to be drawn to show the number of men employed on each trade and the duration and succession of their work.As considerable savings could accrue from selling oak bark for tanning, tree felling was delayed until late Spring to ease bark peeling. Thus the use of unseasoned timber was encouraged, for barns had to be weather-tight by harvest time. These dual constraints imposed on builders a need to schedule their work carefully, however informally, if they were to meet their target dates.


injection of 20 c.cm. of 30 % saline at the ankle. It would appear necessary .to transfix both divided ends of the internal saphenous vein in the groin when it is injected at the ankle, and to make the upward insertion slowly. Further, a large excision must always be made to ensure that the internal saphenous and its branches is tied and to avoid ligature of the femoral vein or even of the femoral artery. 3. External Saphenous Incompetence.-With regard to incompetence of the external saphenous vein, it is at times seen without the internal saphenous vein being apparently affected. Follow-ups have shown that if the external saphenous ve:n is ligatured and injected at the popliteal space and the internal saphenous vein not treated, then later on the internal saphenous vein becomes affected and needs ligature and injection. Therefore, it is probably right to ligature and inject the internal saphenous vein in all cases of varicose veins where there is incompetence of the external saphenous vein or of the communicating veins. 4. Subsequent Injections.-Occasionally, after the remedy of ligature and injection at the groin and ankle, one or two lengths of vein remain unsclerosed and these require subsequent injection. I use ethamolin for this, and the amount needed is 1 or 2 c.cm.-larger doses tend to be followed by gross, painful, and temporarily incapacitating reactions. The ethamolin should be used from ampoules and not from a rubbercapped bottle. 5. Pulmonary Emnboli.-I am aware of this occurring in two patients in a series of 570. One caused an illness of six weeks; another for -ten days. Doubtless, there may bave been other instances. The preventive measure seems to be scrupulous aseptic technique and to get the patient out of bed the day of operation. The operation is a major procedure: minor operating-theatre technique is dangerous. When the veins are gross in both legs then only one leg per session is advisable. 6. The Scars after Ankle Incisions.-With regard to the procedure of ligature and injection at the ankle, it is proper to mention that the scar for a few weeks is visible through silk stockings, and here again lies the need for accurate closing of the wound to avoid "eyesores " and disrepute to a first-class operation. 7. Deaths after Operation.-Dr. Foote recently reported a death following the operation of ligature and injection of varicose veins, and in a personal communication told me of his knowledge of it in the practice of other surgeons. So far it has not occurred with me, but doubtless I have only to keep on doing the operation before I have the experience. Knowing this, therefore, remarks on the prognosis of the operation must be appropriately expressed. Finally, I would urge the necessity for giving full time to the operation; it is more than a minor procedure-one leg may take twenty to forty-five minutes, but the sessions are richly rewarded by the improvements bestowed on patients.-I am., etc.,


The physical nature of the fundamental scalar field generation and hence the origination of the Universe is a matter of the discussions for many years. We propose to use the statistical approach to the description of the steady states of the quasi stationary systems with the elements of the quantum field theory methods as a basis to explain the appearance of the cosmological scalar field. Particularly, we apply two fundamental principles, i.e., the H-theorem and least-energy principle to show principal possibility of the scalar field origination. Along with the basic statement that in the presence of the fundamental scalar field, the energy of the vacuum ground state is lower than the ground state energy of the vacuum with no scalar field (primary vacuum), and with regard to the nonlinear interaction of fluctuating physical fields with the scalar field, these principles are employed to reveal probable phase transitions that may be associated with origin and further evolution of the Universe. Thus, we propose the possible physical justification of the spontaneous cosmological scalar field generation.


With the development of animal science, consciousness of people seeking healthy and nature becomes stronger. Safety of feeding antibiotics was raised widely disrepute. Chinese medical herbs (CMHs), being natural, little pollution and residue, nutritious, immunostimulant, antioxidant, anti-stress, and so on, attached great importance. The paper reviewed the study development on CMHs and its extract in China, especially in Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University.


We construct regular black holes and stars that are geodesically complete and satisfy the dominant energy condition from Einstein-$f(F^2)$ gravities with several classes of analytic $f(F^2)$ functions that can be viewed as perturbations to Maxwell's theory in weak field limit. We establish that regular black holes with special static metric ($g_{tt} g_{rr}=-1$) violate the strong energy condition and such a regular black hole with Minkowski core violates the null energy condition. We develop a formalism to perform electromagnetic duality transformations in $f(F^2)$. We obtain two new explicit examples where the duality is a symmetry. We study the properties of the corresponding dyonic black holes. We study the geodesic motions of a particular class of solutions that we call repulson stars or black holes.


The invention provides an apparatus and method for coating active material. The apparatus for coating active material comprises a jar for storing the slurry of the active material, a pump which is connected to the jar and provides the slurry, a slot spreader which is used for coating the slurry provided by the pump from one surface of the electrode set fluid, a thickness measurement unit for measuring the thickness of the slurry coated along the horizontal direction and the coating direction, and a drying furnace for drying the coated surface after measuring the thickness.