rule of law is once human being's ideal desirability of governance,which is characterized by the state that governmental power is out of legal control for a long history.After market economy became the leading civilized countries production system,rule of law,which people expected for long,realized through restraining governmental power by laws.Mar-ket economy therefore is the intrinsic basis of the process that rule of law converted from ought to be to positive: market e-conomy integrate people as unified and powerful economic force based on itself economic restrict system,to constrain opera-tion of governmental power,and thus became the economic basis and vital force of generation,development and establishment of rule of law.And of course,due to development of market economy shows multiplicity and complexity among countries as they face various domestic and foreign factors which interfere,obstruct and hold down it,the way to realize rule of law in different counties not always share the same.


The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of audit quality, firm size, and audit fees on auditor switching in manufacturing companies listed on the Malaysian Stock Exchange. The analysis used in this study is logistic regression analysis with a sampling technique that is purposive sampling. With this technique, 92 samples were obtained with audit quality results having a significant effect on auditor switching, while firm size and audit fee variables had no significant effect on auditor switching.


In the early 1960s,Ye Shengtao put forward that teaching is for not teaching,revealing profoundly the nature of Chinese teaching.Chinese teaching has long been less fruitful,which is mainly due to its deviation from the goal for"not teaching".To attain the ideal of"not teaching", Chinese teachers should abandon the old methods of careful correction and explaining sentence by sentence,adopt the method of elicitation and inducement,with students as the real masters of Chinese learning.


Most copper minerals are found as sulfides, with chalcopyrite being the most abundant. However; this ore is refractory to conventional hydrometallurgical methods, so it has been historically exploited through froth flotation, followed by smelting operations. This implies that the processing involves polluting activities, either by the formation of tailings dams and the emission of large amounts of SO2 into the atmosphere. Given the increasing environmental restrictions, it is necessary to consider new processing strategies, which are compatible with the environment, and, if feasible, combine the reuse of industrial waste. In the present research, the dissolution of pure chalcopyrite was studied considering the use of MnO2 and wastewater with a high chloride content. Fine particles (−20 µm) generated an increase in extraction of copper from the mineral. Besides, it was discovered that working at high temperatures (80 °C); the large concentrations of MnO2 become irrelevant. The biggest copper extractions of this work (71%) were achieved when operating at 80 °C; particle size of −47 + 38 µm, MnO2/CuFeS2 ratio of 5/1, and 1 mol/L of H2SO4.


The difficulty of students to understand science concepts in thematic learning requires innovation of the appropriate teaching materials. Meanwhile, the existence of salt ponds around students can be used as oriented outdoor learning. Therefore, this study aims to develop ethnoscience-based thematic modules implemented through outdoor learning strategies. The subjects were 40 grade VI students at Public Elementary School (or called SDN) Padelegan Pamekasan with different academic abilities and gender. The test results of learning data validity and effectiveness of modules were obtained through observation sheet instruments and questionnaires. According to the results, (1) validity modules were in the valid category, based on assessment of material and learning design experts, (2) the module's effectiveness is in the effective category. Therefore, it can be concluded that the module strategy is worth using and improving science understanding for thematic learning in elementary schools.


Abstract This clinical scenario describes a situation where drug-resistant focal epilepsy could have been treated with specific surgery, but a mixture of nonclinical factors led to a different management. The epilepsy started at the age of 6 years and the assessment for other treatment options by this team was done at the age of 12 years. Financial factors were important in the decisions that had to be made and effectively perhaps decisive.


'If the climate was a bank, the governments would have saved it by now.' Thus did one of the keynote speakers remind the audience in a humorous way of the urgency of the issue. Held in Brisbane on 6 February 2010, this conference brought together activists and academics (noting that the two categories are not mutually exclusive) and, most importantly, musicians and singers. Attracting 100 people, the conference was organised by the Brisbane Labour History Association, with The Centre for Work, Organisation and Well-being and the Department of Employment Relations, Griffi th University. Sponsorship and assistance also came from the Australian Society for the Study of Labour History, the Queensland Council of Unions, the Queensland Conservation Council and the Woodford Folk Festival. Designed as a dialogue, this was about red-green alliance building post-Copenhagen, and also about producing a special thematic edition of Labour History. The combination of activist and academic papers was a stimulating mix. The music contributed by Margaret Walters, and by Bob and Margaret Fagan, was a highlight of the day. Several music interludes were interspersed amongst the keynotes and papers. The singers had done an amazing job of generating and presenting material that refl ected on and responded to the themes of the day. Thus we had: Weevils in the Flour, Bring out the Banners, Red Kembla, Eveleigh Railway Workshops, and a tribute to four-legged workers: Blossom the Mining Horse. A goose-bumpy moment was the singing of City of Green about the birth of the Green movement (words by Denis Kevans and music by Kate Fagan) sung by Margaret Fagan accompanied on guitar by Bob, with Jack Mundey, the movement's founder, sitting there on the stage. A truly magical moment early in the day. Keynote speakers were Jack Mundey, long-time union and environmental activist, who reminded us that capitalism Bob and Margaret Fagan


While the bicycle in Samuel Beckett's Molloy has received considerable critical attention, the crutches have largely eluded attention. The present essay examines, accordingly, in what ways the crutches are not simply a means for Molloy to compensate for his stiff leg(s) but might be said to constitute his very 'end' in the double sense of the word: his death as a human being and his function or purpose as a technical being, as a body of linguistic conventions working to create the illusion of a human being.


This paper considers advantages and actual problems of web based simulation systems. The concept of "Appli cation Service Providing (ASP)" should be understood as a new business model for web based simulation environments. The paper presents a real Simulation ASP. The system is based on a database for all model and simulation data. Different simulation tools are permanently linked to the ASP control system and provide a continuos data flow to the end-user. The paper shows practical solutions for data security and reliability of external ASP-systems. A first draft of some guidelines for ASP-systems is provided at the end of this paper.


According to the study of network access isolation control technology,combined with ISA2006 access control technology,this study successfully develops a client auxiliary authentication system which has a feature of client hardware on the basis of a authentication for common user accounts provided by Windows Server VPN.The security of VPN client can be improved by use this integrated authentication system.


By introducing derivative transient absorption spectroscopy, we obtain rate constants for backward and forward energy transfer between LH1 and LH2 complexes in purple bacterial membranes. We find that backward energy transfer is strongly reduced in membranes grown under low irradiation conditions, compared to high light grown ones. We conclude that backward energy transfer is managed actively by the bacteria to avoid LH1 exciton deactivation under high irradiation conditions. The analytical method is generally applicable to excitonically coupled systems.


For many applications of wireless sensor networks the node localization is the critical one. In this paper, a range-free node localization algorithm based on mobile anchor node is proposed. This algorithm is built on the basis of Monte Carlo Localization algorithm. It uses the information collected by nodes to speed up the sample selection and to improve the accuracy and efficiency of location. Simulation results show that the average localization accuracy in this algorithm can reach 0.2 communication radius, compared with other similar localization algorithm, it can significantly improve the accuracy of node localization.


The aims of this study were to analyze multicultural educational policy for non-Islamic students at Kupang Muhammadiyah School. The researce use qualitative method. Subject of research was determined of technic of purposive sampling such as school environement, curriculum, teacher/headmaster and students at SMA and SMK Muhammadiyah Kupang. Meanwhile, the data was collected through in-depth interview, observation, file note, and document. The research uses qualitative method in one circle to analyze data among collection, organization, reading/memo, description, classification, interpretation, and visualization. As a result, the study found multicultural educational policy at SMA and SMK Muhammadiyah Kupang can be showed on recognition of the rights of the students, namely: schools as ideology Islamic approve students from whole religions, non-Islamic female students are not required to wear the hijab, schools provide religion teacher for each religion, and dismissing students on every religious holiday. On the other hand, multicultural education policy at SMA and SMK Muhammadiyah Kupang can be categorized into hidden curriculum, because it was not found multicultural word in curriculum even vision and mission, but multicultural values are supported by the teacher and headmaster. © 2018 Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo  Alamat korespondensi: Universitas Muhammadiyah Kupang E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com ISSN 2527-7057 (Online) ISSN 2549-2683 (Print) JPK: Jurnal Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, Vol. 3, No. 2, Juli 2018 ISSN 2527-7057 (Online), ISSN 2545-2683 (Print)


Prior to the major reforms of the superannuation system in the 1980s, less than 40% of workers were covered by superannuation, which was, in practice, largely restricted to public servants and long time employees of major corporations. Following the 1986 national wage case decision, many workers became entitled to a 3% productivity superannuation contribution under industrial award provisions. This was subsequently extended to almost all employees by the Superannuation Guarantee (Administration) Act 1992. Compulsory employer contributions under the Superannuation Guarantee rose to 9% of total income in 2002-03.


In this paper we describe a new kind of asynchronous discussion using audio instead of text over mobile devices. The format of the discussion surrounds both real content and Usenet-style topics. Users engage in public discussion using a combination of spatial and audio navigation.


The J method, depending on a comparison between observed spin–spin coupling constants over six bonds between protons on a side chain and para ring protons and those calculated by a hindered rotor treatment, is applied to the determination of the twofold barrier to internal rotation about the carbon–carbon bonds in 3,5-dichlorobenzyl alcohol and selenol. In the alcohol, the C—O bond prefers the benzene plane by 0.3 ± 0.2 kcal/mol whereas, in the selenol, the C—Se bond prefers a plane perpendicular to the benzene ring by 3.8 ± 0.7 kcal/mol. Comparison with the thiol suggests that a major component of the barrier arises from repulsive interactions, increasing as the size of the XH (X = O, S, Se) group increases.


Bad separately, easy-open, arrangement of the printed circuit board replaced to provide a method of manufacturing the electronic apparatus using his bad separately printed circuit board of the replacement method and defect opened separately arranged print circuit board which is easy replacement of. Kite array printed circuit according to the invention the substrate is an electronic device mounting region a plurality of individually printed circuit board unit having a top surface, a plurality of surrounding the rail only a printed circuit board unit portion, at least one pair of which extends towards the inside from the upper surface via forming each electrode is formed at one end a plurality of tabs route section and the rail portion connecting rail portion and a plurality of individually printed circuit board unit comprising parts of a test terminal with a plurality of test terminals, via a pair of electrodes is a rail section contiguous and adjacent to the part 1 via the electrode and the separately printed circuit board electrically connected to the test terminal, and comprises a second via electrode is electrically connected to the printed circuit board unit separately.


cancer patients. We hypothesize that a primary reason for this failure is because the magnitude of the antitumor immune response is insufficient to mediate tumor regression. Recently, we described a novel strategy to augment priming of tumor-specific T cells by vaccinating lymphopenic mice that had been reconstituted with naı̈ve spleen cells. Tumor vaccinedraining lymph nodes (TVDLN) of these reconstituted lymphopenic mice (RLM), vaccinated with a GM-CSF-secreting tumor vaccine, contained an increased number of tumor-specific CD4 and CD8+ T cells. Based on these studies we hypothesized that this immunotherapeutic strategy could be further augmented if the vaccination could take advantage of the entire lymphopenic compartment rather than just the lymph nodes draining the subcutaneous vaccines. To test this idea, we developed a model where lymphopenic hosts were reconstituted with splenocytes that had been pulsed with antigen, thereby allowing for simultaneous vaccination and reconstitution. The reconstitution/vaccination pool consisted of a mixture of wt and gp100-specific TCR transgenic splenocytes pulsed with either murine or human gp-100 peptide or the control peptide, SIINFEKL. While previous studies employing intravenous (iv) vaccination of intact hosts induced T cell tolerance to defined antigens, this strategy induced expansion and persistence of antigen-specific Tg T cells in an antigen-dependent fashion. Further, including a TLR4 ligand during the vaccination/reconstitution, enhanced both the activation and frequency of T cells in an antigen-specific fashion. These T cells were not deleted nor likely anergic as they were able to produce peptide-specific IL-2 and IFNg as measured by both ELISA and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS). Antigenresponsive T cells could still be detected 30 days post-vaccination by ICS. These preliminary studies suggest that iv vaccination at the time of reconstitution of lymphopenic patients or at the time of stem cell transplant may provide an opportunity to exploit the endogenous cytokine environment and lack of competition for space and cytokines to augment expansion of tumor-specific T cells. Supported by NCI grant CA80964-8 and the generous support of The Chiles foundation, Robert W. Franz, the providence Medical Foundation and the Murdock Trust.


The utility model relates to a universal multifunction automatic charger; an output end of voltage stabilization of a power circuit [1] is respectively connected with a reference voltage circuit [2], a control circuit [3] and a detection circuit [5]; the other path of half wave or full-wave rectification output is connected with a power circuit [4] and a battery [6]; the reference voltage for charging of the reference voltage circuit [2] can be exported to the control circuit [3]; compared with sent voltage of the battery [6], the control signal of the control circuit [3] can be exported to the power circuit [4]; the detection circuit [5] can be connected with the battery [6] through a converting switch K1. The utility model has simple structure and convenient operation. The utility model can automatically control the charging or charging stop of the battery; the utility model can also long-term work without maintenance; wasted energy of the self-discharge of the battery can be automatically supplied; the utility model can test the electric storage situation for the battery, capability for bearing light and heavy load, exploitability of old batteries, etc.


Federica Ragonese looks at what influences port operators to opt for a certain brand of mobile harbour crane rather than a rival product.


The structure of anandite-2or, ideally BaFel*1SirFe3*)O1o(OH)S, has been refined to R*: 6.40 using 1074 reflections. Unit cell parameters are a:5.439(1), b :9.509(2), and c : 19.878(6)A. The symmetry is reduced from the ideal Ccmm to Pnmn as a result of ordering of tetrahedral Fe3* and Si, octahedral F'e and Mg, and the anions OH and S. Mean bond lengths are T(lfo : r.620L, T(2Fo : r.7ggL, M(IFO,OH : 2.097 A, M(2FO,S : 2.n6L, M(3FO,S:2.2284, and M(4fO,OH:2.1204. Sulfur, which substitutes for OH, is present as 52and moves by 0.16A toward the interlayer Ba so that it serves as a 13th neighbor. This severely distorts the shapes of the Fe-rich transM(2) and cis M(3) octahedra. Fe3+-rich T(2) tetrahedra are linked to one another across the mirror plane, and small rings of four T(1) + two T(2) alternate with large rings of two T(1) + four T(2) in each tetrahedral sheet but are shifted to face one another in adjacent layers across the interlayer gap. The interlayer Ba moves deeper into the larger ring by 0.llalong c towards the sulfur. The 6-fold rings are essentially hexagonal (a : 0.9'). The usual instability of prismatic coordination around an interlayer cation resulting from anion-anion repulsion is counterbalanced in anandite-ZOr because (1) the divalent charge on Ba offsets more of the unsatisfied charges on the basal oxygens than would a univalent cation, (2) attraction exists between Ba2+ and St-, (3) alternating-wave corrugations in the basal oxygen surfaces are in-phase and do not lead to abnormally short contacts across the interlayer gap, and (4) alternation of the ordering pattern across the interlayer gap pairs the basal oxygen unique to hybrid T(2) with that unique to pure Si T(1). Several lines of evidence suggest the true symmetry is P2, (a-axis unique), but attempted refinement in that subgroup has not been successful. Introduction A second refinement of the 2Or structure has been carried out because of its unique nature and because of several Anandite is a trioctahedral brittle mica that to date has inconsistencies in the original refinement. The structure is been identified only from Wilagedera, Ceylon (now Sri of special interest because of the structural S, interlayer Ba, Lanka), where it occurs as thin bands and lenses within a and substantial tetrahedral Fe3*. Ordering has reduced the magnetite-barite-sulfide ore zone. The enclosing calcsymmetry from the ideal space group Ccmm to an apparent schists and calc-gneisses of Precambrian age have been subgroup Pnmn. It is the only known mica in which Csubjected to granulite grade metamorphism (Pattiaratchi, centering ofan orthohexagonal cell is violated and the only 1961). The simplified formula of anandite is Ba(Fe,Mg)3 ofl€ in which ordered tetrahedral R3+ cations do not alter(Si,Fe3*)4O1o(OH)S, wbich is unique because of the subnate with Si around each hexagonal ring. It is also the only stantial substitution of 52for (OH)-t.The essential presmica for which the 2Or polytype has been verified. The ence of structural sulfur was proven by the microprobe refinement by Giuseppetti and Tadini (1972) was of only analyses of Lovering and Widdowson (1968) and by the moderate accuracy, as indicated by the residual R: l3.l% first structural refinement by Giuseppetti and Tadini for 853 reflections (only 409 observed) and by inconsistency (1972).It is also confirmed in the present study. between certain bond lengths and the composition. For Three polytypes of anandite have been recognized. The example, tetrahedron T(l) was interpreted to be of compooriginal description of the mineral by Pattiaratchi et al. sition Sio nuAlo.ou despite its mean bond length of 1.68A. A (1967) listed a powder pattern that can only be indexed as more reasonable T-O bond would be 1.61-1.62A for that 2Mr.The structural refinement of Giuseppetti and Tadini composition. The mean T(2FO bond of 1.77A was inter(1972) was of the2Or polytype, as is the present study, and preted to give a composition Sio.ruFefi.*.rFefr.lr, and the this appears to be the dominant polytype. A refinement of possibility of tetrahedral Fe2* is suffrciently unusual that it a lM polytype is also in progress (T. Kato, personal comm. warrants further study. The present study confirms most of to S. W. Bailey, 1984). the major features of the Giuseppetti and Tadini structure,


In the past decades, dynamic random access memory(DRAM) has continued to scaling down to obtain higher data storage ability. As for the access transistor, much effort has been dedicated to reduce leakage and obtain sufficient drivability to improve retention time and access speed. However, it become more and more difficult when the technology nodes beyond 20nm. In our work, the saddle fin access transistor with a dual work function word line structure has been investigated with TCAD simulation. An improved performance with suppressed GIDL leakage and enhanced drive current have been obtained. We have analyzed the word line engineering effects on the electric field and band to band tunneling.


In this widely-praised study, Carol Laderman provides a vivid picture of the daily life of rural Malays as she focuses on their dietary practices and the ritual and medical aspects of childbirth procedures. Apprenticed to a village midwife and a local shaman, she was able to observe a traditional culture adapting to modern practices.


Cancer disease has so far been difficult to identify because it is a combination of many multiple factors, one of which is due to genetic changes that can cause gene mutations. The P53 gene is the most common genetic sign found in human cancer. Normal cells have a wild type (normal) p53 protein that can function to control Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) division. The P53 gene occurs because of the DNA mutation process. If this DNA has undergone a mutation, then the composition of the existing protein will change, making it difficult to detect cancer. This research develops a new method to reduce data dimensions based on data sequential patterns. This study used protein data P53. The data contains a set of characters with a length of 394 characters or 394 features. Dimension reduction needs to be done to speed up computing time without reducing the accuracy produced. The first step is looking for a sequence of 1 itemset, 2 itemsets, and 3 itemsets. Second, calculating the information gain value of each feature and then sorted descending. In this study, it managed to reduce the 394 features to 41 features that satisfy; 1) no same code but different class (one code is only in one class) and 2) the variance in class is smaller than the variance between classes. By using new data with fewer features, still give optimal features extraction. So it's can be run faster and provide good essential data pattern like using all features.


A detailed case‐study analysis is undertaken of the occurrence of significant coherent ensembles of trajectories (CETs) that accompany Atlantic cyclogenesis. The approach is based upon the Lagrangian‐based analysis scheme introduced in Part I.


In this paper, we are concerned with three-Component Camassa-Holm equation with peakons. First, We establish the local well-posedness in a range of the Besov spaces $B^{s}_{p,r},p,r\in [1,\infty],s>\mathrm{ max}\{\frac{3}{2},1+\frac{1}{p}\}$ (which generalize the Sobolev spaces $H^{s}$) by using Littlewood-Paley decomposition and transport equation theory. Second, the local well-posedness in critical case
(with $s=\frac{3}{2}, p=2,r=1$) is considered.
 Then, with analytic initial data, we show
that its solutions are analytic in both variables, globally in space and
locally in time. Finally, we consider the initial boundary value problem, our approach is based on sharp extension
results for functions on the half-line and several symmetry preserving properties of
the equations under discussion.


The primary chemical composition of the undifferentiated upper mantle is believed to be equivalent to that of a mixture of three parts of dunite to one part of basalt. Rocks approaching this model composition are herein called 'pyrolites' A study is made of the mineralogy and geological environment of naturally occurring pyrolites. Such rocks occur as xenoliths in kimberlites and basalts and also in some intrusive peridotites. They are observed to crystallize in one of four distinct mineral assemblages: (1) olivine+amphibole, (2) olivine+plagioclase+pyroxenes, (3) olivine+aluminous pyroxenes+spinel, or (4) olivine+pyrope garnet+pyroxenes. Evidence regarding the geological occurrence and experimental stability of these assemblages is reviewed, and the relative P-T stability fields of the different assemblages are inferred. The ability of the pyrolite model composition to crystallize in a number of very distinct mineral assemblages controlled by pressure and temperature would lead to large-scale mineralogical zoning in the upper mantle. Such zoning will have an important effect on many properties of this region, particularly including the seismic velocities.


The main aims of this study were to: 1) quantify how divergent the sum of seven skinfolds (Σ7skinfolds) of athletes have to be before a general index of measurement imprecision (typical error, TE) is no longer appropriate to very lean or somewhat overweight athletes, and 2) discuss the application of absolute or relative (TE%) typical errors. The Σ7skinfolds was measured in duplicate on 101 athletes by one level 3 anthropometrist with one calibrated skinfold caliper. The TE and TE% for Σ7skinfolds were calculated for all data (TEALL, TE%ALL), as well as for results less than 50 mm (TE<50, TE%<50), inclusive of 50–74.9 mm (TE50–74.9, TE%50–74.9), inclusive of 75–99.9 mm (TE75–99.9, TE%75–99.9) and 100 mm and greater (TE≥100, TE%≥100). At least 20 samples were taken for each measurement range. Limits of agreement (LoA) at the 68% and 95% confidence level were also calculated for all data and the four skinfold ranges. The TE, TE 68, and 95% LoA increased as a direct function of the total Σ7skinfolds and the general TEALL was inappropriate for TE<50 and TE≥100. In contrast, the %TE was very similar within each confidence level (ranging from 1.6–2.1% and 3.1–4.2% for the 68% and 95% LoA, respectively) regardless of the skinfold total. To minimise inaccurate feedback to individuals, anthropometrists dealing with skinfolds of elite athletes should establish an absolute TE on a homogeneous sample of athletes with a Σ7skinfolds in a narrow band, for instance <50 mm. We also urge prudence in interpreting change in skinfold totals and suggest that the 95% level of confidence is appropriate in most instances. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:87–90, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A presentation of research, practice and the collaborative approach to innovation in film and media at the University of Lincolns School of Film & Media. The presentation included short films from staff and students, showcasing the latest research, practice and collaboration.


We present a year‐long case study that documents the interactions between a teacher–research–mentor (TRM) and two 11th grade students working in their school laboratory on an extended inquiry project that is part of reformed mandatory requirements for advanced‐level matriculation in physics. Both the students (females) and the TRM (male) are Arab citizens of Israel, and the school is a public Arab school in Israel. Data were collected through videotaped participant observation of authentic working sessions and interviews with the TRM and the students. The analysis combines an ethnographic account with discourse analysis informed by a sociolinguistic approach that aims to answer the following research questions: (1) how are a teacher's identity‐narratives reified in teacher–student discourse in authentic sessions of mentoring students' inquiry? (2) how do they shape students' learning? and (3) how do they emerge from social–historical contexts? The findings problematize the challenges involved in engaging students from nondominant communities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics learning. The analysis articulates the complexity of this challenge by showing how teachers' identity narratives shape the social construction of student–teacher discourse, generate tensions that undermine successful implementations of reformed learning experiences, and how this vicious cycle is profoundly influenced by the embedding social and historical contexts. The implications for research and practice are discussed.


The invention discloses a kind of for polynucleotide order-checking and the compensating diaphragm forceps system of other application.The Patch Clamp System of the present invention, including: switch, operationally make the feedback circuit short circuit of difference amplifier;Sensor, is electrically connected to the inverting input of described difference amplifier;With command voltage circuit, operationally applying the command voltage non-inverting input to described difference amplifier, wherein, described command voltage circuit and described switch are by synchronizing signal control.


.he recent determination of the ocular temperature gradient indicated the necessity to define those ocular physiologic and metabolic functions, especially of the anterior segment of the eye, which are most temperature dependent. One such important function is that of pH or hydrogen ion activity of the anterior chamber aqueous humor. With the recent introduction of extremely stable pH meters as well as anaerobic, capillary glass electrodes requiring small volumes, the reproducibility of electrometric pH measurements has become more precise. The recent publication of revised standard values for phosphate buffers at different temperatures and the formulation of an additional phosphate buffer to cover the physiologic pH range have provided valuable references for obtaining pH measurements that are meaningful to a thousandth of a pH unit. Since the only data available on the pH-temperature


This issue of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology contains three articles that help answer several fundamental questions in the prevention of measles among healthcare workers: the magnitude of measles susceptibilityl,2; the effect of vaccination on susceptibility levels2; and the cost of ensuring that healthcare workers are protected against measles.3 Measles among healthcare workers accounts for a small but important proportion of reported cases. Healthcare workers with measles often serve to amplify outbreaks in medical settings because of transmission to patients and other healthcare workers, and may serve as a source of infection for family members and other contacts. The National Immunization Program routinely collects information on the most likely setting of transmission of reported measles cases. From 1985 through 1991, medical facilities were identified as the most likely setting of transmission for 2,997 reported measles cases4 (4% of cases; CDC, unpublished data). Almost half of these medical setting cases were acquired in hospital inpatient units. The remainder were almost divided equally between physician's offices and hospital emergency departments. Adults > 18 years of age accounted for 1,234 (41%) of medical setting measles cases. Only colleges and household contacts accounted for more measles cases among adults. Based on case investigations conducted by state health departments, of all adults who acquired measles in medical settings, 170 (14%) were patients. A few were visitors or persons for whom an occupation was unknown. But 795 (64%) of these adults were healthcare workers. Not surprisingly, the largest groups of healthcare workers who acquired measles at work were nurses (29%) and physicians (15%). Other occupational groups were represented, including laboratory and radiology technicians (11%), clerks (11%), nursing assistants (4%), and medical and nursing students (4%). Cases of measles have been reported from virtually all occupations that provide healthcare or ancillary support-maintenance and housekeepers, respiratory therapists, emergency medical technicians and paramedics, security guards, dietitians, pharmacists, electrocardiography technicians, administrators, volunteers, and translators. In many instances, the patient contact that led to measles in the healthcare worker did not qualify as "direct patient care," a fact that illustrates the extreme transmissibility of measles virus. Only 16% of healthcare workers with measles were able to document receipt of a dose of measles vaccine, and virtually none had received two doses. More than half were "routinely" eligible for vaccination (ie, born after 1956, without medical contraindication or exemption to vaccination). Two hundred thirty healthcare workers reported with measles (29%) were born before 1957, a group that Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations state should not be considered "routinely" eligible for measles vaccination.5 The "1957 Rule," as it is sometimes called, was first included in an ACIP measles statement in 1978. Prior to this, the recommendation had been more generic-that adults "usually" were


Container tube (1; 21) for a vibration damper, which is drawn or manufactured from a pre-profiled and then assembled into a tube sheet and having along its longitudinal direction different wall thicknesses, comprising: a lower pipe end portion (2; 22) for receiving in a pivot bearing (40), and an upper pipe end (5; 24), marked by a between the lower pipe end portion (2; 22) and the upper pipe end (5; 24) lying central portion (3; 23), said lower tube end (2; 22) and the upper pipe end (5; 24) each have a greater wall thickness than the central portion (3; 23).


Abstract
Feedback on their performance is driving quality improvement in healthcare organizations. In this study, the researchers explore patient and visitor perceptions about the role data play in engaging them in their care, investigate which measures the patients and visitors find most useful, and assess their understanding of diverse processes, system performance, and patient outcome measures and alternative methods of presenting those data.
This was a cross-sectional, mixed methods study that included consulting the Patient and Family Advisory Council (PFAC) and conducting structured interviews with a convenience sample of patients and visitors not associated with the PFAC from 12 inpatient units across one healthcare system. The PFAC evaluated the graphic representations used to report 22 possible measures internally and suggest any changes needed to best communicate process, system performance, and patient outcomes data to patients and their visitors during their hospital stay.
Although the PFAC was very supportive of efforts for greater data transparency on patient-care units, it did not support displaying unit grades, levels of nursing specialty certification, or RN education levels, so these measures were excluded from this study. The PFAC recommended that the graphs be simplified as much as possible, including displaying just 1 year of monthly data. The PFAC requested that all axes be clearly labeled and that more standardization be provided and that the y-axes be extended on all graphs to avoid the appearance of high rates of safety issues.
This study demonstrated that patients and visitors have positive opinions about increasing data transparency around both patient experience and safety data at the point of care but find safety measures less useful and more difficult to understand relative to patient experience measures.


The outcome of all FES is determined to some extent by the properties of the skeletal muscles that are the effectors. Muscle cells change their properties in response to changes in activity: both the stimulation used to prepare the muscle for FES and the subsequent functional use of the muscle affect the protein expression within the stimulated muscle cells. Transcriptional analysis of muscle samples taken at various times after the initiation of stimulation and with various pattern of stimulation can reveal the signalling pathways that are invoked by changes in activity, and the progressive change in protein expression that underlie the desired increases in strength and endurance. Understanding the cellular response of the muscle may allow us to create models of the response space and potentially to optimise the pattern of delivery of stimulation to maximise benefit and minimise inconvenience.


This study amis at establishing instructional material for the Subject of Seminar on English Language Teaching based on Flipped Learninng. In English Educational Study Program fifth semester students students of English Educational Study Program,  FBS, UNIMED. The study was conducted by utilizing  Research and Developmental Study There were three phases realized in this study: : First Survey and Evaluation Phase, second designing the  material and finally validating theinstructional  material. Based on the phases of the study followed, the following topics of instructional material were developed ; Foundation of Seminars, Some Key Terms s of Seminars and Paper Presentations, Analyzin  Topics for Seminar , Working out Pertinant  Topics, Establising  Paper Outline, Writing Paper Draft, Editing and Finalizing Paper, Designing Paper Presentations, Developing Power Point Presentation, Rehearsing Presentation, Paper Presentation, Running Productive Seminar. The feasibility test of teaching materials by the specialist. The findings indicated  that theoutcome of the study  established  were suitable pertinent and fit in with the students of  English Education Study Program with  the  mean 4.32.The material was upload to E-Learning FBS UNIMED to be utilized by the students.


Cocktail treatment is an effective multidrug medication therapy for some diseases, such as cancer and AIDS, because of the additive or synergistic effect of each medicine and relief from adverse effects. Amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ), which is now recognized as central to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is derived from the sequential proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β‐ and γ‐secretases. Secretase inhibitors are one of most attractive targets for therapeutic intervention in AD. However, because β‐ and γ‐secretases cleave not only APP but also other substrate proteins, strong inhibition of these secretases leads to severe adverse effects. Some nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cholesterol‐lowering drugs (statins) can modify the production of Aβ. Here, we report that a cocktail treatment with four drugs (NSAID, statin, and β‐ and γ‐secretase inhibitors) had additive effects on the reduction of Aβ levels in cultured cells without competing with each other. Moreover, the four‐drug cocktail treatment caused no changes in processing of the γ‐secretase substrate Notch. This is suggests that this cocktail treatment could be a new therapeutic approach for AD. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Incentives for research and development have frequently been a feature of government policy to increase the level or alter the direction of new product development activity in industrial product companies. Conceptually, these incentives may be viewed as "risk-modifiers they may encourage managers to undertake innovation projects where the potential payoffs may be attractive, but where some dimensions of risk are perceived as too high to proceed. This research explores the sensitivity of different dimensions of risk faced by managers to incentives of different kinds, at different levels. Implications are cited for different types of R&D incentives aimed at these different dimensionsof risk.


Objectives To improve the realization of severe hepatitis in children by performing clinical analysis.Methods Twenty-five children patients with severe hepatitis were collected for further analysis.Results Among 25 cases,15 cases were acute severe hepatitis(60%),10 cases were subacute severe hepatitis(40%),7 cases were alive(28%) and 18 dead(72%) after intensive treatment.There were 12 cases of etiology unknown(48%),6 hepatitis B(24%),3 cytomegalovirus hepatitis(12%),3 EB virus hepatitis(12%) and 1 hepatitis A(4%).Complication:encephalopathy was found in 18 cases(72%).There was statistic significancy between alive group and dead group in complications such as brain edema,severe hepatitis,WBC,ALT,AST,TB,GLb,PT,APTT and TT(P0.05).Conclusion Most severe hepatitis in children are acute and severe,with a high mortality.Hepatic encephalopathy is the most important complication.Brain edema,severe hepatitis and other factors have obvious effect on its prognosis in children with severe hepatitis.


It is shown that the relative intensities of emission lines within the multiplet UV 0.01 of C II, around 2325 A, are sensitive to electron density in the range 10 to the 9th to 10 to the 7th per cu cm. The lines therefore offer a valuable method for measuring electron densities in the chromospheres of late-type giants and supergiants. Calculated line ratios are compared with those observed in a range of objects.


1-Benzyl-3-phenyl-2-thiourea (BPTU) was studied as a steel corrosion inhibitor in 1.0 M HCl solution. Experimental methods were conducted including potentiodynamic polarization measurement (PPM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Quantum calculations were performed at B3LYP/6-311G(d,p). Hexamethylenetetramine (URO) was selected for comparison with BPTU. The results showed that BPTU with the concentration of 2 × 10−4 M and at the temperature of 30°C could protect the steel surface with the highest inhibition efficiency of 94.99% and 94.30% according to EIS and PPM, respectively. High temperature decreased BPTU's ability to inhibit the steel corrosion. The adsorption of BPTU on the steel surface is followed by the modified Langmuir isotherm. Quantum chemical calculations showed that the thiourea functional group is the main adsorption center of BPTU. The experimental results are completely consistent with theoretical calculations.


Two studies report that vaccines that contain thiomersal do not cause behavioural problems or developmental delay in young children. The studies, published in Pediatrics , are the University of Bristol's Avon longitudinal study of parents and children ( Pediatrics 2004;114: 577-83) and a review article by US authors (2004;114:793-804

The Bristol study, also known as the "children of the 90s" study, is the largest of its kind in the world. It followed nearly 13 000 children …


Knowledge of dinosaur footprints has greatly changed how scientists reconstruct the palaeoenvironment and palaeogeography of the Mesozoic carbonate platforms of the Periadriatic area (Italy, Slovenia and Croatia). Geologists considered those carbonate platforms as shallow marine, intraoceanic banks (i.e., surrounded by the Tethys Ocean) during Cretaceous times. The discovery in the last 20 years of dinosaur fossils, mainly footprints, in many places and at different stratigraphic levels has demonstrated that the "shallow seas" were repeatedly or continuously populated by large terrestrial animals. Thus, the reconstructions of those carbonate platforms as a sort of Mesozoic "Bahamas Banks" was incorrect. The new record allows also testing for congruence with palaeoenvironmental and palaeogeographic reconstructions. Areas where dinosaur fossils have been found are always considered as "shallow marine" in those reconstructions, very far away from continental areas during the Late Triassic and earliest Jurassic and surrounded by deep marine basins during Late Jurassic and Cretaceous times. The results of this research are a first step toward the understanding of those dinosaurs living "at the border", but are obviously preliminary and subject to confirmation or confutation with increased fossil sampling. The ichno- logical sample and the palaeogeographic reconstructions can also stimulate some reflections about the biology of the extinct dinosaurian clades and give some suggestions for the development of future research.


Crude oil recovery from matured reservoir still pose challenges due to the low efficiency of the existing enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. The chemical enhanced oil recovery technique is one of the potential EOR technique being used to produce trapped oil from mature reservoirs. One of the key challenge for chemical-EOR process is that the conventional surfactants does not show efficacy toward reduction in interfacial tension and oil recovery under high saline and high temperature conditions. Ionic liquids (ILs) can be one of the potential alternative for possible application in chemical-EOR due to their enhanced stability under high saline and thermal conditions. In this investigation, six different alkyl ammonium ILs and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) have been investigated for their effect on the interfacial tension (IFT) of low waxy crude oil–water system (with and without salt) as a function of temperature (283.15–353.15 K) and for EOR-flooding process. Water-soluble polymer (polyacrylamide) was us...


Previously, we have proposed an approximation for the contact values of the radial distribution functions of a hard sphere mixture. For most situations, this approximation is similar to earlier approximations. However, our approximation is quite different in the colloidal limit, where one species is large in size but whose concentration is very dilute. We called this approximation the ad hoc approximation to emphasize that this new approximation was untested. In this paper, we seek to test this ad hoc approximation by computing, by means of a Monte Carlo simulation, the pair correlation functions for a binary hard sphere mixture. We are able to consider mixtures in which the large hard sphere is up to 10 times the size of the small hard sphere and concentrations of the large sphere as small as 1%. While not the colloidal limit, these results are informative. The ad hoc approximation is found to be in good agreement with the simulation results.


Although the evolution of recombination is still a major problem in evolutionary genetics, recent theoretical studies have shown that recombination can evolve by breaking down interference (''Hill– Robertson effects'') among multiple loci. This leads to selection on a recombination modifier in a population subject to recurrent deleterious mutation. Here, we use computer simulations to investigate the evolution of a recombination modifier under three different scenarios of recurrent mutation in a finite population: (1) mutations are deleterious only, (2) mutations are advantageous only, and (3) there is a mixture of deleterious and advantageous mutations. We also investigate how linkage disequilibrium, the strength of selection acting on a modifier, and effective population size change under the different scenarios. We observe that adding even a small number of advantageous mutations increases the fixation rate of modifiers that increase recombination, especially if the effects of deleterious mutations are weak. However, the strength of selection on a modifier is less than the summed strengths had there been deleterious mutations only and advantageous mutations only. SEX and recombination between genomes are ubiquitous in nature, yet explaining their evolution has not proved to be easy (see recent reviews by Hadany and Comeron 2008 and Otto 2009). Recombination leads to the breakup of beneficial gene combinations (Barton and Charlesworth 1998), implying that offspring may suffer a recombination load (Charlesworth and Charlesworth 1975). Extra costs are incurred if sexual reproduction is also considered, such as the famous ''twofold cost'' (Maynard Smith 1978); sexual offspring need two parents whereas asexuals need one, so the latter can outgrow and outcompete sexuals. Considering all of the associated costs, it has proved difficult to explain why recombination and sex are so common among eukaryotes. One hypothesis is that recombination breaks down ''Hill–Robertson effects'' in asexuals (Hill and Robertson 1966), which otherwise impede the response to selection. Hill–Robertson effects are the manifestation of many phenomena (discussed further in Charlesworth et al. 2009), including hitchhiking (Maynard Smith and Haigh 1974), background selection (Charlesworth et al. 1993), and the accumulation of deleterious mutations by Muller's ratchet (Felsenstein 1974; Muller 1964). Interference generates negative linkage disequilibrium (i.e., the accumulation of good alleles on bad genetic backgrounds), which reduces genetic variation in fitness compared to a population without this linkage disequilibrium (Barton 2009). Interference also reduces the effective population size, Ne (Robertson 1961; Comeron et al. 2008), because offspring from the same, fittest, lineages tend to be favored. Recombination can increase the genetic variance in overall fitness, which can improve the response to selection (Fisher 1930; Maynard Smith 1988). If a modifier for increased recombination facilitates the production of fitter offspring in this way, then it has an indirect selective advantage and increases in frequency by virtue of being associated with fitter genotypes, in line withWeismann's classic theory on the evolution of sex and recombination (Weismann 1887; Burt 2000). Research into theHill–Robertson effect has increased in recent years, with the development of analytical frameworks to study effects of drift at multiple loci. By extending earlier models that focused on selection alone (Barton 1995; Otto and Feldman 1997), recent work has assessed how linkage disequilibrium, created by genetic drift and interference with selection, drives the evolution of a recombination modifier (Barton and Otto 2005). Indirect selection on a modifier also arises because recombination increases the probability that beneficial mutations establish within a population, and the strength of this selection has been modeled Supporting informationis available online athttp:/www.genetics.org/ cgi/content/full/genetics.109.112920/DC1. Corresponding author:Ashworth Laboratories, King's Bldgs., University of Edinburgh, W. Mains Rd., Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom. E-mail: email@example.com Genetics 184: 1153–1164 (April 2010) usingmultitype branching processes (Otto andBarton 1997; Roze and Barton 2006). Simultaneously, the ability to simulate large numbers of linked loci has increased, making it possible to evaluate the importance of the Hill–Robertson effect with selection acting across a genome. Simulations have demonstrated how breaking down interference can offer substantial selection on a modifier of recombination. Otto and Barton (2001), for example, showed that if a recombination modifier acts on loci experiencing directional selection, the effects of drift (which creates interference between loci) account for more selection on recombination than the effects of epistasis, in both 3-locus and 11-locus simulations. With only 3 loci, however, a modifier was not favored in populations of N . 10,000 chromosomes without epistasis. Subsequently, Iles et al. (2003) demonstrated that as the number of loci under directional selection increases, strong selection for recombination occurs in even larger populations, including the largest population size considered (100,000haploid individuals). Furthermore, with population structure, breaking down Hill–Robertson effects remains important for modifier evolution even in infinitely large populations, with finite deme size (Martin et al. 2006). Similarly, Keightley and Otto (2006) showed that a recombinationmodifier is strongly favored in a population subject to recurrent deleterious mutation. The effects of drift again overwhelmed epistasis, and the dramatic reduction in the effective population size at a neutral site, Ne, in asexual populations highlighted how Hill–Robertson effects impede natural selection (e.g., reductions from N 1⁄4 50,000 to Ne" 100, if selection acting against deleterious mutants equaled 0.01 and there was complete linkage between loci). Selection on a sex modifier was also sufficiently strong that it could overcome a twofold cost, but only if sex was initially rare and the modifier led to modest increases in the frequency of sex. These advantages of recombination have been supported by experiments demonstrating that recombining populations aremore responsive to selection. A study by Malmberg (1977) found that allowing the bacteriophage T4 to exchange segments of its genome improved its rate of adaptation. More recent studies provide evidence that recombination increases the realized selection strength and fixation rate of new mutants in Drosophila melanogaster (Rice and Chippindale 2001); regions of the genome lacking in recombination in Drosophila show signs that selection has been impeded, whereas regions that have normal levels of recombination appear to adapt more quickly (Presgraves 2005; Betancourt et al. 2009; Charlesworth et al. 2009); sex overcomes clonal interference in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which then accelerates adaptation (Colegrave 2002); sex in stressed environments of yeast increases population variance in fitness and the response to selection (Goddard et al. 2005); genetic drift induced by population bottlenecks in theRNAbacteriophageF6 hampers the response to selection to a greater extent in asexuals then sexuals (Poon and Chao 2004); recombining populations of Escherichia coli are better able to break down interference between a known beneficial allele andother sites under selection, thereby increasing the rate of fixation of the fitter allele (Cooper 2007); and Caenorhabditis elegans evolves outcrossing if a population is subject to an increased mutation rate or the presence of a pathogen, indicating that sex improves the response to adaptation (Morran et al. 2009). Recently, a ''pluralist'' framework was proposed (West et al. 1999), arguing that multiple mechanisms work together to facilitate the widespread evolution of genetic recombination. A recent example investigating this was undertaken by Oliveira et al. (2008), which aimed to gauge what degree of selection strengths acting on deleterious mutants drove the evolution of recombination via the process of background selection or through Muller's ratchet. Here, weuse computer simulations to extend thework of Keightley and Otto (2006) by considering both deleterious and advantageousmutations arising throughout the genome, in the spirit of a more pluralist approach to theHill–Robertsoneffect.WhereasKeightley and Otto (2006) demonstrated that genetic recombination is selectively favored if multiple linked loci within the genome are subject to recurrent deleterious mutation, Iles et al. (2003) demonstrated that similar advantages to a modifier occur if multiple linked loci are subject to recurrent advantageous mutations. This motivates the question: In genomes subject to both deleterious and advantageous mutations, is recombination favored more compared to a population subject to only one type of mutation and, if so, by how much? Specifically, we investigate whether the benefits of a recombination modifier in the presence of deleterious and advantageous mutations are additive. That is, if the modifier has selection advantage sMd if just recurrent deleterious mutations occur at rate Ud, and advantage sMa if just advantageous mutations occur at rate Ua, then with both types of mutation occurring at a total rate of Ud 1 Ua, additivity implies a selective advantage of the modifier equal to sMd 1 sMa. This is a reasonable null hypothesis to start with, and it allows us to test for the presence of interference between different types of mutation. At sites under selection, the extent to which nucleotide substitutions are driven by positive selection or occur despite negative selection has been the topic of long debate. The proportion of advantageousmutations is likely to depend strongly on the match between the species


Treatment for hemodynamically stable patients is mostly nonoperative observation, with increasing use of splenic angioembolization (SAE). There is a lack of consensus on management plan and use of SAE. In this review, relevant recent literature is analyzed to evaluate the failure rates, complications, mortality, and hospital length of stay for each management method. The analysis of 6299 patients from 9 studies showed that SAE decreased failure rates (1.3%) against nonoperative management (NOM) with 9.8%. There was no significant difference in mortality and hospital length of stay between SAE and NOM. There was increased complications with SAE but it is not enough evidence to draw comparisons between NOM and operative management (OM) due to heterogeneity of studies. SAE decreased need for splenectomies, reduced hospital stay, and complications. OM should be used if the patient is hemodynamically unstable or re-bleeds after NOM. It is imperative that clinicians assess each patient individually and follow a center-based protocol, while keeping in mind, the possible complications from NOM and subsequent interventions. Interventional radiologists will also need to approach SAE with care to prevent technical failures and re-intervention.


A series of symmetrical 1,3-dithiole-2-thiones and -ones have been prepared via double lithiation of vinylene trithiocarbonate followed by trapping of the dianions with aryl carbaldehydes. The resulting diols are oxidised in high yield and the corresponding diketones are converted to thiophenes and furans using P2S5–NaHCO3 and P(OEt)3, respectively. The majority of triaryl compounds undergo two reversible oxidation processes in the range +0.86 to +1.57 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The charge-transfer complex (8c)2·TCNQ forms mixed donor-acceptor stacks. EPR spectroscopy confirms the presence of an open shell species, but the material is an electrical insulator. Reaction of 8c with diiodine forms a charge transfer complex with a conductivity of 1.2 × 10−4 S cm−1.


Objective To investigate the Livind and the P53 gene expression in bladder papillary epithe-lioma,with emphasis on the relationship between the two genes in the pathogenesis of the neoplasm.Methods Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining were used re-spectively to detect the LivinαmRNA and the P53 protein expression in 14 cases of bladder papillary epithe-lioma,together with 10 normal bladder tissues.Results Of the total 14 cases of bladder papillary epithelioma,LivinαmRNA expression was tested in 7 cases,while no LivinαmRNA expression was appeared in 10 normal bladder tissue.The expression rate of LivinαmRNA in bladder papillary epithelioma was higher than that in normal bladder tissue(P0.05).Meanwhile,P53 protein expression was found in 6 cases of bladder papillary epithelioma.Of note,both LivinαmRNA and P53 protein expression were simultaneously demonstrated in 4 cas-es of bladder papillary epithelioma.Conclusion The Livinαand P53 gene may play a synergistic role in the ini-tiation and the progression of bladder papillary epithelioma.


Empirical risk minimization, where the underlying loss function depends on a pair of data points, covers a wide range of application areas in statistics including pairwise ranking and survival analysis. The common empirical risk estimator obtained by averaging values of a loss function over all possible pairs of observations is essentially a U-statistic. One well-known problem with minimizing U-statistic type empirical risks, is that the computational complexity of U-statistics increases quadratically with the sample size. When faced with big data, this poses computational challenges as the colossal number of observation pairs virtually prohibits centralized computing to be performed on a single machine. This paper addresses this problem by developing two computationally and statistically efficient methods based on the divide-and-conquer strategy on a decentralized computing system, whereby the data are distributed among machines to perform the tasks. One of these methods is based on a surrogate of the empirical risk, while the other method extends the one-step updating scheme in classical M-estimation to the case of pairwise loss. We show that the proposed


The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition with functions of warming kidney and invigorating yang, and its preparation method. The traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the following traditional Chinese medicines by weight part: 300-700 parts of epimedium, 300-700 parts of Curculigo orchioides, 200-600 parts of fructus ligustri lucidi, 200-600 parts of red sage root, 30-70 parts of gen-seng, 30-70 parts of pilose antler, 150-400 parts of Radix polygoni multiflori preparata and 10-40 parts of leech. The above traditional Chinese medicine composition has strong improvement effects for each index of animals with yang insufficiency and various symptoms of low immunity function, and has no obvious influence on normal animals, especially has small influence on the viscera organs. The traditional Chinese medicine composition has no toxicity and side-effect.


Abstract The primary goal of teacher education programs is to develop preservice teachers into quality future educators. Preparing these students of teaching for the realities of working with children in schools can be complex. Formal teacher training can offer detailed attention to the self-efficacy of candidates during coursework and early field experiences. The purpose of this article is to provide strategies to help teacher educators and supervisors of preservice teachers promote self-efficacy development. Strategies that are linked to improved practices in supervision, the use of feedback, and staging reflection are described. Additional examples of early field experiences are presented with detailed procedures for organizing learning activities.


Visual localization is a critical task in mobile robotics, and researchers are continuously developing new approaches to enhance its efficiency. In this article, we propose a novel approach to improve the accuracy of visual localization using Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques. We highlight the limitations of global SfM, which suffers from high latency, and the challenges of local SfM, which requires large image databases for accurate reconstruction. To address these issues, we propose utilizing Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF), as opposed to image databases, to cut down on the space required for storage. We suggest that sampling reference images around the prior query position can lead to further improvements. We evaluate the accuracy of our proposed method against ground truth obtained using LIDAR and Advanced Lidar Odometry and Mapping in Real-time (A-LOAM), and compare its storage usage against local SfM with COLMAP in the conducted experiments. Our proposed method achieves an accuracy of 0.068 meters compared to the ground truth, which is slightly lower than the most advanced method COLMAP, which has an accuracy of 0.022 meters. However, the size of the database required for COLMAP is 400 megabytes, whereas the size of our NeRF model is only 160 megabytes. Finally, we perform an ablation study to assess the impact of using reference images from the NeRF reconstruction.


Many search engines search the information which the customer need based on the key worq,and return a lot of information to customers.The customers need a great deal of time and energy to search the useful information.They have to re-search with new keyword.Because of this character about search engine,the authors take the retrial times as virtual customers,and research one customer arrival at system.


Part I of this study examined four automation-related malfunctions and subsequent pilot responses. The present study examined four additional malfunctions; two more obvious (runaway pitch-trim down, runaway roll servo) and two more subtle (failed attitude indicator, pitch sensor drift down) than those in Part I, and the effect of an auditory warning. Data collection again was performed in the Civil Aeromedical Institute's Advanced General Aviation Research Simulator, configured as a Piper Malibu. Results suggest that the first three of these failures may, in a significant percentage of cases (13 of 24 in the sample), lead to significant altitude loss, overstress of the airframe, disorientation of the pilot, or destruction of the aircraft. Percentages of successful recoveries, detection/correction times, and related indices of performance are discussed in the context of malfunction type, flight profile, and auditory alerts.


The strategic decision of re-location means moving one activity from one location to another. The existence of one environment with high interdependences between firms and institutions, such as in industrial districts, may offer a greater resistance to relocation process. We aim to question whether this statement is true or not, that means, to what extent firms in districts relocate activities?, and in any case, which are the inhibitor factors of relocation? In order to address these questions we have analyzed the case of the ceramic tile industrial district in Castellon. Findings of the survey suggested that factors related to the social capital developed in the district may act as real inhibitor or restrictive factors for decisions of locating activities outside the district.


Introduction: Performance anxiety is a transdiagnostic construct similar in both sports and clinical medical examinations. Given that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and other similar therapies have transdiagnostic evidence in improving the performance of athletes, the same approach can be adopted for medical students in improving their performance during clinical examinations. This pilot study aimed to assess the efficacy of a brief ACT-based intervention in improving transdiagnostic performance anxiety in clinical medical students through assessing changes in psychopathology scores (depression, anxiety, and stress) and psychological process variables (psychological flexibility, cognitive fusion, and mindfulness). Methods: Final-year medical students were randomized into intervention and control groups. A one-day ACT-based intervention was delivered to an intervention group, with the control group crossing over one month post intervention. Both groups filled in sociodemographic questionnaires and questionnaires measuring psychological flexibility, cognitive fusion, mindfulness, depression, anxiety, and stress at three time points: T1 (before intervention), T2 (immediately after intervention), and T3 (one month post intervention). Repeated measures ANOVA was employed to assess the change between the intervention and control groups over time. Results and Conclusions: There was a significant change in anxiety scores from T1 to T3. In addition, there were significant improvements in mindfulness, cognitive fusion, and psychological flexibility scores over time in the intervention group compared with the control group. This pilot study builds on small single-sample evidence bases for the efficacy of an ACT-based intervention in non-sports performance enhancement, suggesting that larger-scale randomized trials of similar interventions in clinical medical students may prove equally efficacious.


Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been adapted to investigate bovine serum albumin (BSA) at sub‐saturation concentration levels of sodium n‐dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Two specific complexes were detected which coexisted between SDS concentrations of 0.4 and 5 mM. The binding isotherm for SDS on BSA was determined under comparable conditions by equilibrium dialysis and used in conjunction with the electrophoretic data to determine the composition of the complexes. The complexes had the following stoichiometry, BSA (SDS)5 and BSA (SDS)36, and closely resembled two of the three complexes that have been observed by moving boundary electrophoresis. The experiments indicate that the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) technique when applied below surfactant saturation could be a useful tool in the study of protein‐surfactant interactions.


Abstract Every host is colonized by a variety of microbes, some of which can protect their hosts from pathogen infection. However, pathogen presence naturally varies over time in nature, such as in the case of seasonal epidemics. We experimentally coevolved populations of Caenorhabditis elegans worm hosts with bacteria possessing protective traits (Enterococcus faecalis), in treatments varying the infection frequency with pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus every host generation, alternating host generations, every fifth host generation, or never. We additionally investigated the effect of initial pathogen presence at the formation of the defensive symbiosis. Our results show that enhanced microbe‐mediated protection evolved during host‐protective microbe coevolution when faced with rare infections by a pathogen. Initial pathogen presence had no effect on the evolutionary outcome of microbe‐mediated protection. We also found that protection was only effective at preventing mortality during the time of pathogen infection. Overall, our results suggest that resident microbes can be a form of transgenerational immunity against rare pathogen infection.


'It is my hope that the Wales of the past and present is well represented in this volume, together with the world of work and workmen in some of our more ravaged terrains'. In twenty-four short stories, written by Welsh men and women, for the most part about Welsh people, we are treated to depictions of valley and mountain, country and town, as well as offered powerful and moving insights into the nature of the people.


Data validation is important to widely reuse freshmen data in the teaching management process at university. This paper discusses a data acquisition system which can ensure data validation by transforming the original data to available data of the freshmen. Based on the analysis of the freshmen affairs management in the university, a freshmen data flow model was first established. The business process and business logic architecture of the freshmen data management work was put forward then. The modeling and design solution of the freshmen data acquisition system based on the B/S and C/S dualmode was gave out. The system is powerful and normative. With the characteristics of accuracy and high efficiency, it solves the problems of time-consumption, energy-consumption and errors in the traditional system of freshmen data acquisition based on hand work searching and statistics.


There were 36 251 Canadians outside Quebec living with end-state kidney disease in 2015, an increase of 36% since 2006, and 21 214 of these patients were on dialysis, up from 16 388, according to the report High Risk and High Cost: Focus on Opportunities to Reduce Hospitalizations of Dialysis


Using two-period panel data from the Nippon Life Insurance Research Institute, this paper tests the hypothesis that an increase in the self-pay ratio of medical expenditures associated with the Japanese health insurance reforms of April 2003 reduced individual medical costs. We find that the increase in the self-pay ratio of medical expenditures has a trivial effect on household medical expenses, implying that a decrease in the quantity demanded for medical services offsets the increase in medical costs. However, according to quantile regression estimates, an increase in the self-pay ratio of medical expenditures has a significantly positive effect on the share of medical costs for relatively high quantile values. This provides corroborating evidence that an increase in the self-pay ratio cannot cut the demand for medical services relatively more for those bearing a higher share of medical costs in household expenditure. An additional finding is that medical services are a necessity good, particularly for those with a relatively high share of medical costs in household expenditure.


Seeds of buckwheat and naked oats were sterilized and implanted on MS media in which concentration of herbicide Basta was 0,2,4,6,8 and 10 mg·L -1 respectively.After seeds of buckwheat germinated into seedlings,cotyledon gradually lost green and died on media supplemented with Basta 4 mg·L -1 or more.Germination and growth of naked oats seeds were inhibited when concentration of Basta was over 6 mg·L -1 in medium.High temperature and pressure method and filter method were effective to sterilization of Basta and there were no obvious differences between them in inhibition effect.


It is a source of great satisfaction for students of the New Testament that the great Berlin academician, Professor Harnack, is now giving his attention to apostolic literature, the writings of the New Testament. Three very important contributions toward a standard introduction to the study of the New Testament writings have, thus far, appeared, viz.: Luke, the Physician, Author of the Third Gospel and of the Acts of the Apostles; Sayings and Speeches of Jesus, the Second Source of Matthew and Luke; and, The Acts of the Apostles.' In addition to these contributions appearing in book form and thus easily accessible to every student of the New Testament, Harnack publishes, from time to time, shorter articles, preferably in the Proceedings of the Berlin Academy, whose history in three portly volumes the famous church historian published some years ago2 and of which he has, for a long time, been a leading member. Such articles, as a rule, are apt to escape the notice of many readers of theological journals, and yet they are of the greatest importance, manifesting on every page the great learning and deep insight of the author. In his "Zwei Worte Jesu" published in the Proceedings for 1907, pp. 942-57,3 he takes up Matt. 6:i3=Luke 11:4, and Luke 16:i6= Matt. 11:12, 13. i. The sixth petition of the Lord's Prayer reads in our Bibles, "And bring [lead] us not into temptation." The usual interpretation of this Greek rendering of an Aramaic (Hebrew) original has very early given rise to objections and doubts. James 1:13 sounds almost like a fervent protest against a view current even in New Testament


The present invention relates to a light emitting diode module, it is a plurality of light emitting diode packages are directly attached to the upper heat sink, so reducing the thermal path (Thermal path), the advantage that can efficiently emit heat generated from the light emitting diode have. The present invention has an advantage capable of improving the life of the LED according to the heat dissipation efficiency is increased. The present invention is capable of production of the is does not require the use of so structure the lower light-emitting diode in a package of printed circuit boards are mounted, the old expensive MCPCB substrate and (Thermal Interface Material) TIM material, low-cost light-emitting diode module of there is an advantage. Light-emitting, diode module, heat release, package, a printed circuit board


Considering the function of the toll road is to provide optimal services without any obstacles that can reduce the flow of vehicles, toll road providers or operators must strive for existing facilities to work optimally. Based on that, this study aims to indicate  the number of optimum toll gates that should be operated to be able to control congestion and reduce the number of vehicles waiting in Pasteur 2 Toll Gate. Pasteur 2 Toll Gate is a toll gate with the heaviest volume of vehicles incorporated in the Purbaleunyi Toll Road. This toll gate is the entrance door for tourists who want to enter the city of Bandung. Vehicle volume density occurs during rush hour every day without exception at weekends, which results in the queue of vehicles.  This study used a descriptive survey method by analyzing the queuing system after e-toll was implemented. Data collection is done through interviews and observations that are carried out every weekend within one month. This research was conducted to determine the optimal number of substations to be able to reduce the density that occurred. The results of this study indicate that the number of optimum substations that should be operated to be able to control congestion and reduce the number of vehicles waiting and being in the system or in smaller queues is 11 toll gates. https://doi.org/10.26905/jmdk.v8i2.4598


ISFOL, Tramontano I., Europass, Euroguidance and Eqf networks and tools: the most important synergies, Bruxelles, 15 marzo 2015. Isfol OA:


Abstract. In the Arctic summer of 2017 (1 June to 16 July) measurements with the
OCEANET-Atmosphere facility were performed during the Polarstern cruise
PS106. OCEANET comprises amongst other instruments the multiwavelength
polarization lidar PollyXT_OCEANET and for PS106 was complemented
with a vertically pointed 35 GHz cloud radar. In the scope of the
presented study, the influence of cloud height and surface coupling on the
probability of clouds to contain and form ice is investigated. Polarimetric
lidar data were used for the detection of the cloud base and the identification
of the thermodynamic phase. Both radar and lidar were used to detect cloud
top. Radiosonde data were used to derive the thermodynamic structure of the
atmosphere and the clouds. The analyzed data set shows a significant impact of
the surface-coupling state on the probability of ice
formation. Surface-coupled clouds were identified by a quasi-constant
potential temperature profile from the surface up to liquid layer base. Within
the same minimum cloud temperature range, ice-containing clouds have been
observed more frequently than surface-decoupled clouds by a factor of up to 6
(temperature intervals between −7.5 and −5 ∘C, 164 vs. 27
analyzed intervals of 30 min). The frequency of occurrence of
surface-coupled ice-containing clouds was found to be 2–3 times higher
(e.g., 82 % vs. 35 % between −7.5 and
−5 ∘C). These findings provide evidence that above
−10 ∘C heterogeneous ice formation in Arctic mixed-phase
clouds occurs by a factor of 2–6 more often when the cloud layer is coupled
to the surface. In turn, for minimum cloud temperatures below
−15 ∘C, the frequency of ice-containing clouds for coupled
and decoupled conditions approached the respective curve for the
central European site of Leipzig, Germany (51∘ N,
12∘ E). This corroborates the hypothesis that the free-tropospheric ice
nucleating particle (INP) reservoir over the Arctic is controlled by
continental aerosol. Two sensitivity studies, also using the cloud radar for
detection of ice particles and applying a modified coupling state detection,
both confirmed the findings, albeit with a lower magnitude. Possible
explanations for the observations are discussed by considering recent in situ
measurements of INP in the Arctic, of which much higher concentrations were
found in the surface-coupled atmosphere in close vicinity to the ice shore.


(YBCO) super-conductors. As a consequence of the low coherent length, the most effective pinning centers in such type ofmaterialsshouldhavenanometersizedimensions. Anefficientwayofintroducingsuchcenterscanbeachemicalsubstitution in the YBCO lattice. Computer simulation of locally distorted YBCO crystal structure due to thesubstitutionshasbeenperformed.PACSnumbers:61.05.C


Automobile Driver Education and Highway Safety Act - Directs the Secretary of Transportation to carry on a national educational campaign designed to educate drivers, pedestrians and others with respect to: (1) the dangers incurred when driving on, crossing, or otherwise using the highways; and (2) improving safety on the highways by improving driver skills, attitudes and knowledge of highway regulations. Permits the Secretary to engage in research, provide training and engage in any other activity which will effectuate the purposes of this Act. Authorizes appropriations of $85,000,000 for fiscal year 1974, and for each of the two succeeding fiscal years.


Lead has been classified in Category 3 B for carcinogenic substances in the workplace due to occurrence of genotoxic effects. In addition to genotoxic effects there is also a suspicion of occurrences of tumours, which is discussed in some of the studies. The previous MAK value of 100 μg/m has been withdrawn, and thus the BAT value has to be withdrawn, too. In the case of lead however, one must consider that the previous BAT values of 400 μg/l blood for women older than 45 years and for men, and the BAT value of 100 μg/l blood for women younger than 45 years are based on toxic effects. This includes neurotoxic (and also behavioural) effects, which are of considerable relevance for the occupational hygiene concerns. The present BAT values have therefore been carried over as BLW values. Especially the prevention of neurotoxic effects is of great importance for leadexposed persons and can be achieved by observing the BLW values. This also applies to the minimizing of reproductive toxic effects. Therefore, the BLW values have been set at


A solid lubricant is synthesized using sodium montmorillonite and anionic and cationic surfactants. This paper introduces the synthesis of this lubricant. X-ray analysis of the lubricant shows that this lubricant has strong surface activity,and is highly dispersible in drilling fluids. It has good compatibility with other additives and the drilling fluid as a whole. At a concentration of 0.5% in a base fluid containing 8% diesel oil,the friction coefficient of the fluid tested reduces by 66.9%,with simultaneous reduction in the filter loss,small increment in apparent viscosity and yield point of the tested fluid.


In order to carry out his design of China and East Asia,to maintain the cooperation between allied nations in war and to continue the world order based on the cooperation between big nations,President Roosevelt sent Vice-president Wallace to visit China and held several talks with Jiang Kai-shek.Their talks involved the relations between China and the United States,China and the Soviet Union,the Communist Party and Kuomingtong and the economic and military situation in China,of which the Sino-American relations and the relations between the Communist Party and Kuomingtong were the most important,and it was this visit resulted in Jiang Kai-shek's consent of sending American Observation Group to Yanan and a Roosevelt's private representative to China.


Martin's reading of the Essais, or his wise restructuring, shows that the apparent disorder of the Essais is deceptive. He demonstrates links among chapters, even those that are not in proximity to each other, which evoke a complex series of echoes and responses within the text itself. In so doing, Martin sharply challenges traditional interpretations of the chronology of Montaigne's compositional strategy (e.g. Pierre Villey; cf. 170), maintaining that Montaigne could feasibly have written all of his chapters simultaneously. The "original" edition of the Essais would then no longer be the first printed version, but rather "the mnemonic schema of the chapters, with schematic indications concerning the mythology to be employed" (87). The Essais might then function, Martin suggests, as a reader-friendly, manipulable and plastic "hypertext" (87). Martin's is a brilliant revisionist reading of the Essais which performs Montaigne's text in a writerly fashion, to use Roland Barthes' description. BARNARD COLLEGE Catharine Randall Coats


A method is developed for correcting truncated harmonic oscillator basis calculations of one-body bound-state energies for the omitted matrix elements of the kinetic energy operator. The method is only applicable when the potential energy operator is accurately represented in the truncated space. As an example of the method, the Hartree-Fock potential for the oxygen nucleus is considered with the Tabakin nucleon-nucleon potential. In a very large space this potential has only one bound s state, though solving the Schroedinger equation in coordinate space yields two. The method gives this second bound states energy quite accurately.


According to international relations of positivism and empiricism,nation-state,as its leadership of international stage,plays very important role in the global affairs.Postmodernism,adopting multiplex perspective to revaluate global system,considers that nation-state is no longer a unique important behavior subject,other behavior subjects also pay important roles.This theory of global mixed form of government has broken out country-centre concept,but hasn't denied existence and influence of nation-state.


Is it not the idea and the vision of corporates dealing in software development to create and deliver good and great software? The answer could be in affirmative. And towards this larger end of delivering high quality software and ensuring customer satisfaction, promulgated explicitly or imbibed implicitly, there has been sustained efforts towards creating and adopting new ways, new models and methods of software development. As we know, in 2001, some stalwarts and experts in various software development methods congregated in Snowbird, Utah to sign what is known as the `agile manifesto'. Much water has flown since then across the Ganges and the Thames. The present paper is a theoretical reflection on the agile development paradigm and in the process the paper tries to propose a theoretical foundation to this fertile field, taking a system's perspective; including the system-of-systems understanding. The theoretical foundation that we present in the paper is built on the ideas relating to change as in Goldratt's Thinking Processes of the theory of constraints. For theoretical evidence, the paper discusses agile development principles and practices and then maps the agile principles to the elements of the thinking processes. We argue that since agile development is all about customer centricity, customer proximity with respect to his needs and change requirements, feedback and change in general; the theoretical underpinnings for agile development stay hidden in the body of knowledge relating to `cybernetics of cybernetics' and the thinking processes of the theory of constraints. However, in the present paper, the focus remains to find the theoretical foundation to agile development through the change challenges and dynamics as expounded by Kotter and the thinking processes; as explained in the paper.


Objective To explore the impact of pre-vaccination antibody titer on immunogenicity and immune persistence of influenza A(H1N1) vaccine.Methods Multi-stage random sampling method was adopted to select 350 monitoring objects from people aged 3-5 years,6-10 years,11-15 years,16-20 years,21-40 years,41-60 years and over 60 years.The micro-hemagglutination inhibition(HI) experiment was used to determine their antibody levels before the vaccine inoculation,28 days and 6 months after the vaccination.The mean titer of antibody,seroconversion rate and seroprotection rate were calculated.The relationships between the pre-vaccination antibody titer and seroconversion rate,seroprotection rate were analyzed.Results Before the vaccination,the mean titer of HI antibody in the monitoring crowd was 1:6.65 and the seroprotection rate was 17.1%.28 days and 6 months after the vaccination,the mean titer of HI antibody,seroconversion rate and seroprotection rate exceeded the standards of the EMEA and the U.S.FDA.The pre-vaccination antibody titer was negatively correlated with the seroconversion rates of 28 days and 6 months after the vaccination,but had no correlation with the seroprotection rate.Conclusions In order to improve the seroprotection rate and protect the susceptible population during the influenza A(H1N1) pandemic,pre-vaccination antibody titer can be ignored when influenza A(H1N1) vaccine uses in the susceptible;meanwhile,good immunogenicity and immune persistence can be obtained.


Has Harry Judge's career reproduced in a lifetime the centuries‐old history of Brasenose College and the University of Oxford? His biography and the history of his college in relation to Christian belief and modern university reform are briefly recapitulated. All tell a story of adaptation and modernisation, the man short, the college long, the university in ceaseless change from a clerical foundation through an association of colleges as finishing schools for the Establishment to a collegiate university aspiring to place itself in the 'world league' of research centres.


Experiments were conducted to study the transient characteristics of the fluid force produced on a circular cylinder, which started to rotate rapidly about its axis in a uniform flow. Since the force was influenced by the strength and position of the shedding vortex special care was taken to select the initial condition of rotation which is represented by the lift coefficient and its derivative. The time histories of lift obtained from pressure measurements were compared with corresponding quasi-steady ones. As a result of this study, it is made clear that the initial condition affects the transient lift, and that there is a relationship between the transient characteristics of lift and the quasi-steady ones.


Developing coherent and comprehensive regional and city brands is of vital importance for places, as branding can contribute to the success achieved in tourism, investment and thus the region itself. There seems to be a recognizable gap in the literature regarding the application of visual signs used in place marketing that should present a city, region or country. The paper outlines the most important challenges as well as faults in management of visual identity in Silesia region, in Poland. The research attempts at identifying and analysing logos of cities and communes of the Silesian Voivodship (pol. województwo śląskie). The main purpose of this exploration is to describe the Silesian visual identity through practiced visual signs called logos. The authors try to find solutions for the following research questions: 1. What trends are typical for visual presentation of the cities in the Silesian Voivodship? 2. What image of the region is presented when exploring logos of the Silesian cities? 3. How is logo practiced in public management in the Silesia Voivodship? Content analysis was used to obtain visual identity of the cities. First the authors tried to collect all logos and then analysed them using the Per Mollerup's taxonomy. The results of the study illustrate how self-government institutions, which are responsible for promotion of the place, portray the Silesian cities in marketing communication.


In the Darwin approximation using the Green functions method, we found the solutions for the quasistatic (quasistationary) vector potential excited in cylindrical drift chamber with perfectly conducting walls by arbitrary charge and current densities (e.g., by a charged beam), which satisfy the continuity equation. The found Green functions are expressed as decomposition into the eigen functions of the Laplace operator within the cylindrical coordinate system with the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. Based on the obtained solutions for potentials, we find expressions for the induced magnetic field and relativistic correction to the electric field. Taking into account relativistic corrections to the order of field of radiation, we also found contribution from charges and currents being beam-induced on the drift chamber walls into the Lorentz force acting on the isolated charged particles of a beam. The method is proposed which enables the problem for vector potential to be reduced to a system of the scalar Poisson equation in cylindrical coordinate system. A separation of the excited e.m. field into "wave field" (the propagating one) and the so called "field of spatial charge" (the non-propagating one) is a generally recognized procedure in theoretical investigation of the oscillation mechanism in electron devices of various kinds. Notice that the field of spatial charge has analogy to the fastdropping part of the e.m. field of the moving charge in the near zone of the free space. Structural determination of the eigen field of the charge is a very complicated however necessary problem for the physical electronics. In the literature there are suggested the methods for estimation of the influence of the spatial charge field upon the operation of the


We have conducted active-tracking experiments in support of the Air Force's Airborne Laser program. These tests were conducted using the 5.4-km horizontal propagation range at the Lincoln Laboratory Firepond facility. Target illumination was accomplished using a multibeam illuminator laser provided by Lockheed Martin Missiles & Space; the tracking was performed using an imaging tracker provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory. Experiments were conducted using a number of different illuminator configurations, and with a variety of track algorithms. Results from these tests have quantified the performance benefits of multibeam illumination.


Abstract Using a recently published book for entrepreneurs, Rolf Jensen's The Dream Society: How the Coming Shift from Information to Imagination Will Transform Your Business, a case is made that the commodification of the story is an inherent aspect not only in the market for things, but in psychotherapy as well. Special attention is paid to the Depth Psychological tradition and its recent resurgence in popular culture. This paper argues that a therapy grounded in the buying and selling of stories necessarily leads to the commodification of the client herself, who is forced to redeem herself through the process of therapy, within the bounds of the capitalistic frame such a therapy imposes upon her.


To research tractor vibration influence on driver's comfort,tests of a tractor running on standard rough road in different speeds were carried out. PSD curves and"fatigue-work efficiency decrease limit"curves were applied to appraise the vibration. The results show that in low frequency range,the peak values of the spectral are within 10 Hz,apparently,and this influences the driver's comfort obviously,decreases the working efficiency of drivers after working for 1 hour.


Fostering collaborative efforts among ethicists, researchers and administrators (including Research Integrity Officers) would certainly seem to lay a direct path to enhancing research integrity at the academic research institution. Before collaborations among these groups of professionals may be explored, however, the cultural and cognitive gaps between these professions must be filled. And a prerequisite to mending the gaps is to acknowledge that such gaps are real and that they pose a problem. Ask the researcher whether or not she conducts her research in an ethical fashion and she will affirm without hesitation that she does. Ask her how she applies the ethical principle of truthfulness to the coding of electron micrographs of tissue samples she is doing, however, and she would likely be at a loss to provide a comprehensive response. Ask the research ethicist whether or not ethical principles can be applied to actual laboratory research situations and he is certain they can. Ask him to describe in any detail how Genome-Wide Association Studies are actually carried out, however, and he would likely struggle to answer. Ask the research administrator whether or not her institution certifies that research conducted under its auspices meets ethical standards as set forth by regulatory and accrediting bodies and she will respond by reciting the relevant certification language verbatim. Ask her to explain who is responsible for calculating the effect of increasing the n for a clinical trial on the risk/benefit ratio and she may very well fall silent. Do such gaps in understanding indicate that these professionals are insufficiently trained in their own areas of responsibility or incapable of understanding the principles or processes of their colleagues? No. The effective practice of each of these disciplines requires considerable education and experience. However, the very specialized and technical professional qualifications required by each profession may beget


The Raman and infrared spectra of cyanamide have been remeasured at lower temperatures (20 K) and higher laser powers (for the Raman). The recently obtained structure of cyanamide was used as a basis for calculations of the lattice dynamics. Standard models using atom-atom potentials of the exp - 6 form, an exponentially decaying attractive potential for the hydrogen bond and distributed dipoles on the atoms, gave good fits to the structural parameters and, with scaling, gave moderately good values for the lattice frequencies provided that it was assumed that the modes associated with librations about the long axis of the molecule were not observed.


While robot manipulators have been widely applied in manufacturing and industry, most applications are limited to rigid objects. Increasing demands for manipulating soft objects have been reflected in the emerging 3C manufacturing, such as the soldering of flexible PCBs. Because of the property of deformation, soldering the flexible PCB cannot be performed with conventional robotic manipulation techniques. In this paper, an adaptive region controller is proposed to deal with the deformation of flexible PCBs, where the control objective is specified as a region attached to the flexible PCB. The proposed controller enables an additional assistive arm to reach the region and contact and fix the PCB, which thus eliminates the deformation. A coordination scheme is also developed to activate the soldering end effector after the deformation is stabilized. The stability of the closed-loop system is rigorously proved with Lyapunov methods, and experimental results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed controller.