Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify teacher"s knowledge about sodium, dietary behaviors related to sodium, attitudes towards a low-salt diet, and meal attitude guidance as well as examine the relationship between these variables. Methods: The participants were 351 teachers at an elementary school in the Jeonbuk area. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS v. 20.0. Results: The score for teachers" knowledge about sodium was 12.92 points of a possible 16, the score for dietary behavior related to sodium was 46.85 points of a possible 70, and the score for attitude towards a low-salt diet was 33.63 points of a possible 50. Their score for meal attitude guidance was 59.95 points of a possible 80. The knowledge showed significant differences by hypertension drug (p < 0.05) and stress level (p < 0.05). The dietary behavior of sodium use showed significant differences by gender (p < 0.01), work experience (p < 0.05), BMI (p < 0.01), drinking (p < 0.05), concern about health (p < 0.05), and stress level (p < 0.05). The attitude towards a low-salt diet showed significant differences by gender (p < 0.05), marital status (p < 0.05), work experience (p < 0.05), drinking (p < 0.05), concern about health (p < 0.001), and stress level (p < 0.05). Meal attitude guidance showed a significant difference by marital status (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), work experience (p < 0.001), drinking (p < 0.01), regularity of health checkup (p < 0.001), concern about health (p < 0.001), and stress level (p < 0.05). There was a low positive correlation between knowledge about sodium and dietary behavior related to sodium as well as between dietary behavior related to sodium and attitudes towards a low-salt diet. Attitudes towards a low-salt diet showed a positive correlation with meal attitude guidance. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to consider educational programs on increasing knowledge and attitudes towards a low-salt diet in teachers for improvement of meal attitude guidance activities for students.


Letrozole is cheaper alternatives to anthracycline drugs. These drugs closely resemble anthracycline drugs both from a structural and functional point of view. Electrochemical behaviour of anticancer drug was studied at physiological pH using cyclic voltammetry. An electrochemical study on the interaction of the Letrozole with calf thymus DNA was carried out. The binding of Letrozole with calf thymus DNA was studied and compared with the binding ability. A cyclic voltammetric study provides a very low LOD and LOQ values for the determination of Letrozole.


A cytotoxic radioconjugate consisting of lipiodol, an iodinated ethyl ester derived from poppy seed oil, labeled with iodine 131 (I-131). I-131 Lipiodol accumulates in hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma tumor cells, resulting in targeted cytotoxicity to tumor cells while sparing surrounding normal cells and tissues.


BACKGROUND
Thiazole-containing compounds are widely found in natural products as well as synthetic sources. Many thiazole-based compounds possess a broad spectrum of bioactivities and some of them are well-known drugs in the markets. The use of thiazole derivatives in other fields such as organic materials, cosmetics and organic synthesis has also widely reported. Due to a wide range of applicability, the synthesis of thiazole-containing compounds has attracted extensive interests of chemist and many studies in the synthesis of thiazole skeleton have been reported recently.

OBJECTIVE
This review article will discuss recent studies in the synthesis of thiazoles (from 2012). Beside the well-established Hantzsch thiazole synthesis, a large number of novel methods have been developed for the synthesis of thiazole derivatives. In most cases, reaction mechanisms have also been described.

CONCLUSION
The synthesis of thiazole derivatives has drawn great attention of chemists and many studies in the synthesis of these heterocycles have been reported recently. The classical method, the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis have still received great research interest of chemists. Moreover, many new methods have been established to synthesize thiazole-derived compounds. Unquestionably, more and more approaches to access thiazole skeleton will appear in the literature. Application of established methods for thiazole synthesis to the synthesis of drugs, organic materials, and natural products will probably paid attention.


We propose a new method for the integral nonlinearity (INL) and differential nonlinearity (DNL) testing of D/A-A/D converter pairs employing the recently developed stimulus identification method. This allows both converters to be measured independently but simultaneously without significant fault masking problems. Simulations show that the INL and DNL estimation errors for 12-b A/D and D/A converters are less than 0.5 least significant bit (LSB) units, and experimental tests give similar results.


The constraints imposed on the motion of a system enter the Newton–Euler formulation of the equations of motion in two ways. The kinematical relations must account for the restrictions imposed on the motion, while the kinetics principles must account for the reaction force (or moment) associated with each constraint. When the system consists of more than one body, the need to account individually for the constraints associated with each connection substantially enhances the level of difficulty. The Lagrangian formulation we shall develop in this chapter takes a different view of systems. The principles are based on an overview of the system and its mechanical energy (kinetic and potential). In contrast, the Newtonian equations of motion are time derivatives of momentum principles. Another, and perhaps the most important, difference is that the reactions exerted by supports will usually not appear in the Lagrangian formulation. This is a consequence of the fact that the reactions and the geometrical description of the system are two manifestations of the same physical feature. It is from the kinematical perspective that we shall begin our study. Generalized Coordinates and Degrees of Freedom Suppose the reference location of a system is given. (Such a location might be the starting position or the static equilibrium position.) We must select a set of geometrical parameters whose value uniquely defines a new position of the system relative to the initial position.


It is crucial for hospitals to be constantly aware of their performance to find and rectify their possible deficiencies. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a performance measurement technique that is utilized by different organizations due to its numerous advantages such as comprising both financial and non-financial perspectives and taking cause-and-effect links into account. Despite numerous studies on performance measurement of hospitals, limited research was conducted on the BSC application in Malaysian hospitals especially in Klang Valley that is a critical and densely populated area in Malaysia. Moreover, there was no specific guide to design a strategy map and BSC for Klang Valley hospitals. Hence, the main objective of this research was to provide specific guides to design a strategy map and BSC for Klang Valley hospitals. Data collection was performed through interview, observation and questionnaire while SPSS V.23 and Excell V.2010 were employed for data analysis. The research scope was Klang Valley area and 50 hospitals in this area including 15 public and 35 private hospitals. Initially, two generic strategy maps were developed for public and private hospitals. Afterwards, 45 BSC performance measures for healthcare were compiled and survey was conducted in Klang Valley hospitals to filter and identify the most appropriate performance measures for public and private hospitals based on "feasibility" and "relevance" criteria. Subsequently 23 BSC performance measures for public hospitals and 31 BSC performance measures for private hospitals were identified. It was followed by conducting a questionnaire survey in Klang Valley hospitals to assign a weight to each performance measure based on its importance score. A 5-point likert scale was employed in this regard and a weight between 0 and 1 was assigned to each performance measure. Afterwards, two generic BSCs were developed for public and private hospitals and they were sent to two BSC experts from Malaysia and the USA to be validated and thereupon both experts confirmed their appropriateness and acceptability. Subsequently, specific guides to design a strategy map and BSC for public and private hospitals were developed and eventually the research findings were evaluated by two Malaysian healthcare experts, one from Hospital Sultanah Aminah that is a public hospital and another from KPJ Johor Specialist Hospital that is a private hospital and both experts confirmed the applicability and usefulness of the developed BSCs, strategy maps and guides.


Pre-functionalized benzyne precursors 5, 6 and 10 bearing a phosphoryl group were efficiently synthesized via a phospho-Fries rearrangement reaction on gram scales, and directly proceed various transformations to poly-substituted organophosphorus arenes in high regioselectivity.


ABSTRACT Background Persistent and intractable hiccups have a major impact on quality of life and can be a barrier to stroke rehabilitation. The first-line treatment for intractable hiccups, chlorpromazine, can have sedating effects, which may negatively affect rehabilitation participation. Gabapentin has been reported in several cases to be effective in hiccup treatment in both the general and post-stroke populations. Objective To describe the use of gabapentin for treatment of persistent or intractable hiccups in post-stroke patients. Methods Four cases were identified by clinicians for a retrospective review. A literature review was concurrently conducted. Results This case series presents four patients with improvement or resolution of intractable hiccups on gabapentin in a stroke rehabilitation setting. Therapeutic dose ranged from 100 mg TID to 400 mg BID. Treatment duration ranged from 2 days to 5.5 weeks. Adjuncts were used in three of the cases. A potential side effect was worsened confusion in one case. Conclusion Evidence on the use of gabapentin for persistent or intractable hiccups is limited. This case series expands on the current literature by examining and comparing the current literature to our cases and exploring issues related to dosing, titration, side effects, and adjuncts to gabapentin.


Laser beam welding of dissimilar sheet metal combinations such as Ti/Al, SS/Al and Cu/Al are increasingly demanded due to high energy densities with less fusion and heat affected zones. A good weld joint strength involves combinations of dissimilar metals and the formation of solid solution in the weld pool. Many metal pairs suffer from significant intermetallic phase formation during welding which greatly reduces their strength. The three different sheet metal mentioned above is critically reviewed and phase diagram for the combinations are given. The aim of this study is to develop an efficient metal combinations and the influence on their interfacial characteristics. For that the following parameters such as weld geometry, residual distortion, micro hardness, microstructure and mechanical properties are analyzed systematically. Keywords—Laser Beam Welding (LBW), dissimilar metals, Ti/Al, SS/Al and Cu/Al sheets.


The wireless net bridge can be used the conjunction of wireless technique realization different net segment ,Is a wired network to effectively add,Can carry out different work mode according to the actual item。 This text introduced the discussion that the wireless net bridge is physically using medium work method, advertent problem and its safety.


In this article there are examined principal tasks of region financing program for agriculture development in Saratov region at 2008 2012 years and the measures of credit funding of producers are offered.


Abstract : This report is Interim report Volume 2 for the Cost and Operational Effectiveness Analysis for Ice Patrol Mission Analysis Study. This report details the development of the alternatives that were considered by the Coast Guard, discusses the evaluation criteria and evaluation process used to select alternatives for further analysis. and identifies the specific alternatives that are to be examined in detail in Phase II of the study as determined by the Program Manager at the Alternatives Selection Meeting on October 14,1994. A number of alternatives were considered with respect to management of the IIP, models used by the IIP, data acquisition and processing, and surveillance/detection/ classification concerns as they impact the IIP mission of determining and disseminating the Limits of all Known Ice. Criteria of technical feasibility, likelihood of accomplishing the mission element, and reasonable cost were used as discriminators, along with the imperative to select three alternatives. (AN)


The present situation of human reflect in urban park design process was analyzed,human-friendly design elements of urban park were put forward,including integration of local characteristic elements,humanization of space distribution,particularity of detail treatment,human care of spiritual level,and provided reference for creating attractive city park.


The synchronized recording and video,adopting morden audio-visual technology to make all process of investigating and prosecuting apparatus' questioning of duty criminal suspects be really recorded,standards and supervises the exercise of investigating and prosecuting apparatus' power of investigating,at the same time embodies the safeguard of human rights and the value orientation of procedural justice. Modified criminal procedure law with legal status determines the synchronized recording and video. Under this background,combining with the actual investigating crimes of duty,legal value and properties of the synchronized recording and video have been stated,and the investigating and prosecuting apparatus how to regulate the use of the synchronized recording and video,using more scientific questioning strategies,and improving the capacity of interrogation under lens have been thought in this paper.


ObjectiveTo assess antiangiogenic effects of enzastaurin in combination with sunitinib in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MethodsThis was a multicenter, phase 2 study of enzastaurin and sunitinib versus placebo and sunitinib for adult patients with metastatic clear cell RCC. Part 1 was a 6-week, open-label, safety lead-in phase with 2 cohorts (sunitinib, both cohorts: 50 mg/d for 4 weeks; enzastaurin, cohort 1: a loading dose of 500 mg, followed by 250 mg daily; cohort 2: a loading dose of 1125 mg, followed by 500 mg daily). Part 2 was to be a randomized, double-blinded phase, with efficacy as the primary objective. Secondary objectives included the assessment of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and pharmacokinetics. ResultsSeventeen patients received ≥1 dose of study medication. Six patients (54.5%) in cohort 1 and 2 patients (33.3%) in cohort 2 received ≥6 cycles of treatment. All patients experienced ≥1 TEAE possibly related to study drug. Dose reductions were required as follows: cohort 1—enzastaurin, n=4 (36.4%), sunitinib, n=6 (54.5%); cohort 2—enzastaurin, n=3 (50.0%), sunitinib, n=2 (33.3%). ConclusionsWhereas the hypothesis that combining sunitinib and enzastaurin may result in greater antiangiogenic effects in RCC is based on solid scientific evidence, part 2 of the study was not activated due to the high number of TEAE-related dose reductions at the expected efficacious dose and overall decision by the sponsor not to pursue further development of enzastaurin for solid tumors.


INVENTOR RAY KURZWEIL has a dream. And he intends to live to see it. He claims he takes a daily cocktail of pills to help make sure he is around to witness the creation of the first artificial brain: something he reckons will happen by the end of the 2020s.


Surveys were carried out during 2008-2011 to study the seasonal occurrence Solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on different host plants in cotton growing areas around Hisar. The pest was recorded to colonize 51 plant species belonging to 19 families. Greater preference of the pest, based on number of plant species attacked, as well as maximum damage by the pest (injury Grade IV symptoms) was recorded on the plants belonging to family Malvaceae, Solanaceae and Asteraceae. Important host plants supporting P. solenopsis throughout the year included Achyranthes aspera, Conyza canadensis, Parthenium hysterophorus, Codiaeum variegatum, Abutilon indicum, Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Hibiscus schizopitalus, Hibiscus syriacus, Withania somnifera, Corchorus trilocularis and Lantana camara. Prominent host plants supporting the pest during off season were Chrysanthemum indicum, Tagetes erecta, Tagetes patula, Azadirachta indica, Lycopersicon esculentum, Helianthus annus and


Abstract Of late there has been a remarkable spurt in the consciousness of common people which largely remains unnoticed and unserved by institutional structures that prevails and exploits the masses. People's organizations have played a crucial role in the spurt of consciousness of common people and creating a different society with better access to institutions, plans, programmes, information and knowledge system and free from exploitative forces. Kerala Satra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) is a people's organization with a decentralized democratic structure and democratic mode of functioning. It operates in the area of education, environment, ecology, health, resource management, consumer consciousness, women's issues, national integration, etc. All the activities of KSSP are social and meant for changing the values and lifestyles of the people through mass mobilization. It is trying to liberate knowledge and take it to the common people at the grassroots level. At present KSSP is considered as one of the largest People's Science Movements (PSMs) of India. The author in the present paper has tried to explain the evolution of KSSP. He has also evaluated the KSSP in terms of its organizations and programmes. Finally, the status of KSSP as a New Social Movement (NSM) has been ascertained in light of theoretical expositions of well-known social scientists.


The invention relates to a movable concrete mixing plant, which comprises at least one structural unit, specifically a stirring unit and a lifting device, wherein the structural unit is lifted in a work position by the lifting device and supported relatively to the ground; a concrete mixer is loaded through the structural unit in a work position; and the structural unit can be transported on the loading surface of a transport vehicle, specifically the loading surface of a semi-trailer towing vehicle.


The different assumptions and corresponding theories of transverse vibrations of beams are presented. Eight mathematical models, namely Euler-Bernoulli, Rayleigh, Euler-Bernoulli modified, Bress, Volterra, Ambartsumyan, Timoshenko and Love theory are firstly discussed. Then, different theories of dynamic behaviours of beams can be obtained from the equations of the theory of elasticity, which are presented with respect to average values. Nowadays, beam elements are usually based on two theories, i.e Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theory. One of the recent developments pointed out is the computer program ABAQUS, a finite element based cross- sectional and non-linear analysis for beam. Finally, several examples are presented as numerical validations in which FE results are compared with those from the theories in the literature where available and appropriate.


The authors describe a real-time task-oriented spontaneous speech understanding system which extracts semantic content from the spotted keyword lattice using a newly developed LR parser. The parser is driven whenever a keyword candidate is spotted. The keyword candidates are fed into the parser to construct a semantic structure using a grammar. This efficient parsing enables real-time initial-state-free speech understanding. The parser comprises the following functional components: initial-state processing to check if a keyword candidate can be an initial keyword and to create a parsing stack, keyword connection processing to check if a current keyword can connect with a subsentence candidate, and sentence acceptance processing to check if subsentence candidates can be accepted as a sentence candidate. Experimental results for a fast-food task consisting of 30 keywords are presented to show the effectiveness of the system.<<ETX>>


ŠIŠKOVá, P., JISKROVá, I., MIKULE, V.: An ethological study of young horses. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2006, LIV, No. 5, pp. 129–136 In the present study called "An Ethological Study of Young Horses" we focused on the behaviour of foals from their birth to separation from their mother. We observed and analysed their behaviour and daily activities, and from the achieved results we drew conclusions for practical horse breeding. We studied the following forms of behaviour of the foals: feeding behaviour (sucking, drinking, eating roughage and concentrates, gleaning, coprophagia), defecation and micturition, comfortable behaviour and mutual comfort behaviour, manifestations of relaxation (resting posture, lying down), movement manifestations, playful behaviour, stereotype behaviour, other manifestations (acoustic, olfactory etc). As a result we recommended several changes in the technology, e.g. larger stables, salt-lick out of reach of the foals, more frequent exchange of bedding, shelter for horses grazing in the open. behaviour, foal, technology, daily activities In terms of ethology, animal and human behaviour is a function of the organism. The organism is a system, the existence and specific form of which are the result of historical development (Lorenz, 2000). Veselovský (1992) indicated that behaviour is the result of continuous interaction of genetic and environmental factors (the genotype governs the pattern of behaviour and the environment the span of this character). The environment has a considerable effect on the health condition and performance of animals. The "welfare" system is a form of technology, which creates optimal life conditions for the animal using the faculty of the animals to adapt to a certain environment (Hrouz, Šubrt; 2000). The breeder's duty is to ensure the animals an environment respecting their demands (e.g. corresponding quality of air, water, feed, housing with sufficient space for each animal, veterinary care etc.). The animals should also avail of the company of animals of their own species, as this will allow them to behave normally (Webster, 1999). It is important that the housing systems are in keeping with the natural demands of the horses and that they are up to the standards of animal welfare (Navrátil, 1999). The foals are usually born at night; 15 minutes after birth the foal tries to stand up and nurse (Dražan, 2001). The first movement of the bowels (passing of the so-called bowel meconium) is very important in the first hours of the foal's life. Dušek et al. (1992) pointed out that the development of the foal was always focused on its ability to escape danger by quickly running away. A healthy foal stands up very soon after birth; it sucks milk as often as 50 times a day and the total milk consumption is 10–20 l; these small portions of milk do not burden the digestive tract of the running foal. Among the essential properties of living organisms is their ability to communicate and exchange information with the environment (Mills, Nankervis; 1999). The number of horses in a natural herd usually consists of not more than 20 individuals and the animals recognise each other very well (Víchová, 1997). A typical body odour distinguishes the groups of horses (Edwards, 1992). After birth the foal has no sense of social order and the mother carefully watches over it (Dušek, 1999). The foal communicates first with its mother, then with the other foals and horses in the herd. During the first weeks the foal feeds mother's 130 P. Šišková, I. Jiskrová, V. Mikule milk only, and then it tries to imitate its mother and begins to eat, drink water and learn to graze. Typical of foals is that they are playful and curious. Their curiosity enables them to get to know the environment very closely and using inherited experience to increase their chance of survival (Franck, 1996). Weaning is the first great stress and crucial period for the foals. Today the foals are weaned at approximately 6 months of age. The stress factors are separation from their mother, changed environment, nutrition, daily regime etc. Group weaning of the foals is preferable at the same time or in very short intervals, because very soon after weaning the herd is divided sociologically. If the foal joins the already formed herd later, the herd refuses to receive it (Hauptmann et al., 1972). The stress of weaning should be reduced as much as possible so as not to disturb the process of rearing (Misař, 1992). The objective of the present study was to observe the life manifestations and daily activities of foals (from birth to weaning), the process, frequency and associations: then to analyse these manifestations and to draw conclusions for practice. MATERIAL AND METhODS Our study was conducted in the herd of Czech warm-blooded horses at Velké Němčice. The acreage of the farm is 45 ha, of which 5 ha are horse runs and pastures. The herd has approximately 40 horses, including foals. The mares with their foals are housed in free stables. During foaling, and shortly after, the mothers and foals are kept in 3×4 m sized foaling boxes and then they again join the herd. The results were obtained in two stages; the first stage ran in 2000 (1st group of foals) and the second in 2001 (2nd group of foals). Each group consisted of 4 foals and each foal was indicated accurately in the order of birth, initial letter of its mother's name and according to sex (e.g. 2S♀ = filly of the mother Svita, born second in the year). Both groups of foals were observed every month on a regular basis (4 h in the morning and 4 h in the afternoon), from birth to weaning, either in a grass-covered run adjacent to the stables (2.5 ha), or in a free stable for mares with foals (ca 9×12 m), as the weather permitted. The observation places were selected so as not to disturb the horses but to give the best possible view (through a window recess in the stable and outside in the run using binoculars). The data were recorded in ethograms (continuous record) and then elaborated by mathematical-statistical methods using means, graphs and tables. This ethological work is not based on statistical evaluation, but on monitoring of the individual animals within the groups. That is why no other statistical values were observed and the significant differences in activities of the individual animals are specified in the text. The following forms of behaviour of the foals were analysed: 1. Feeding behaviour a) Sucking – oral intake of mother's milk by the foal, b) Feeding roughage and concentrates, and gleaning – oral intake of feed, c) Grazing – oral intake of grass on the pasture, d) Drinking – oral intake of water, e) Coprophagia – ungulates eating the excrements of other ungulates 2. Excretion a) Defecation – excretion of solid waste products of metabolism, b) Micturition (urination) – excretion of liquid waste products of metabolism 3. Comfortable behaviour (grooming), mutual grooming – body grooming 4. Resting a) Resting posture – relaxed posture of a resting horse, b) Lying down – intensive form of rest when the animal is lying down 5. Movements – movement of the horse in one place or around the space 6. Playful behaviour – behaviour for the purpose of playing and socialisation of the young 7. Stereotypic behaviour – frequently repeated inadequate behaviour 8. Others – acoustic manifestations, olfactory manifestations, salt licking etc. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Feeding behaviour a) Sucking. The amount and quality of the mother's milk, satiety, vitality and age of the foal, disturbances in the surrounding etc. influence the length and frequency of suckling. In both groups the suckling frequency gradually decreased; in the first group of foals from the average of 2.12 times of suckling per hour in the first month of age to 0.37 suckling per hour before weaning. In the second group the suckling frequency was higher, ranging from the average 3.16 times of suckling per hour at the age of one month to 1.04 before weaning (for details see Tab. I). Although the groups differed in the suckling frequency per hour, in both cases the nursing bouts became shorter with increasing age. It was also influenced by the mare as she herself regulates the foal's intake of milk (e.g. by refusing the foal and pushing it away). The only complications were seen in the second group where the mother (blind in An ethological study of young horses 131 one eye) of the foal (filly) refused nursing. Eventually the filly learned to suck only on the left (blind) side of the mother. With increasing age of the foals the intervals between nursing became longer. Suckling mutually motivated the foals, when one sucking foal motivated the others to suck. I: Course of the frequency of suckling of foals from birth to weaning Age of foal (months) Average frequency of suckling per hour 1st group of foals 2nd group of foals 1 2 3 4 5 6 2.12 1.37 1.25 1.12 0.75 0.37 3.16 2.20 1.79 1.59 1.21 1.04 Tyler (1972) reported that the suckling frequency of the foal in the first month was twice an hour and at the age of five months 1 suckling per hour. Compared with our results the frequency in the first month corresponds with the 1st group of foals, while at the age of 5 months the frequencies were consistent in both groups. Fraser (1980) reported another comparable datum, i.e. suckling frequency of 6-month old foals, which was 0.33–0.42 suckling/h, corresponding with results of the 1st group where suckling was 0.37 times per hour at the age of 6 months. In his studies of Tb Duruttya (1993) discovered that the suckling frequency of 1-month old and 6-month old foals was 1.7 and 0.6–1.4 suckling per hour, respectively. In this case the author reported that the suckling frequency of 1-month old foals was lower than in our two groups, while suckling of 6-month old foals was comparable with the 2nd group of foals. b) Eating. Eating is largely affected by how the administration of the feed is organised.


ATP, CTP, and ITP supported a rapid initial rate of [3H]ouabain binding to rat brain (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, up to 4 times that supported by ADP. These nucleotides also prevented the rapid initial incorporation of the [γ-32P]phosphate of [γ-32P]ATP into the enzyme. [γ-32P]Cytidine triphosphate labeled the enzyme to the same extent as [γ-32P]ATP, suggesting that nucleotides other than ATP phosphorylate this enzyme. In support of this, the phosphorylation from [γ-32P]CTP required Mg2+, was stimulated by Na+, and was not observed in the presence of K+, and the label incorporated into the enzyme from [γ-32P]CTP turned over at the same rate as that from [γ-32P]ATP. In other experiments the initial rates of hydrolysis of ATP, ITP, UTP, and ADP in the absence of added K+ matched the initial rates of [3H]ouabain binding supported by these substrates. The results suggest that these substrates give rise to sufficient phosphoenzyme to account for the initial rates of [3H]ouabain binding supported by them. Concentrations of ADP sufficient to inhibit the phosphorylation of this enzyme by ATP also inhibited the initial rate of the ATP-supported binding of [3H]ouabain, suggesting that ADP can bind to this enzyme without stimulating [3H]ouabain binding.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to thank Mrs. Annie Han and Mr. Roxy So for excellent technical assistance.


A CFD program is presented , which is used as a design tool for sailing yachts. The program can be used on a regular PC and with a small budget. The paper provides a description of this method, including the basic features and the mathematical formulation. Comparisons are made between the numerical predictions and tank testing data. The authors discuss the useful data obtained from the program, which helped the designers to improve the yacht design. The level of accuracy of this method is also discussed as well as the time and cost implications of using the CFD tool in the design process. The authors discuss the use of the CFD code in the design efforts for the Volvo Ocean Race yacht, Amer Sports one, and the IACC boat for the team Victory Challenge Sweden. 1 President, Porto Ricerca Snc. Fluid Dynamic Specialist, Milan Italy 2 Head Designers, German Frers Milan office, Italy. 3 Senior Research Scientist, Analytical Methods, Inc. NOMENCLATURE μ doublet strength on a panel σ source strength on a panel ρ density of water φ total velocity potential ζ wave elevation Ф Basis flow potential φ perturbation potential g gravitational constant n normal vector U boat velocity V local fluid velocity


Bucherei des Augenarztes. Vol. 109. Akute Augenerkrankungen Akute Symptome. Eds. OTro-ERICH LUND and THEO N WAUBKE. Pp. 280. DM 76-00. Ferdinand Enke Verlag: Stuttgart. 1986. The 109th volume of this series is composed of a collection of articles on acute eye disease and symptoms. This attractive idea of grouping together ophthalmic emergencies with situations where a rapid diagnosis is important succeeds well, and the book can be positively recommended to ophthalmologists. Chapters include neuro-ophthalmological subjects such as acute loss of vision, acute disc swelling and optic neuritis, headache, eye pain and coma, and acute disturbances of accommodation, visual field, ocular movements, diplopia, vertigo, and colour vision. In addition there are contributions on acute aspects of intraocular haemorrhage, uveitis, keratitis, corneal oedema, glaucoma, hypotony, endopthalmitis, exophthalmos, orbital infections, and lens related problems. The management of most of these emergencies conforms to that practised in Britain, although it is refreshing to see the occasional variation, such as the prescribing of a glass of brandy in the treatment of acute closed-angle glaucoma (supported by the appropriate reference). Tacked on to the end somewhat surprisingly are two articles on AIDS and radial keratotomy, which, although they do not quite fit into the general scheme of the book, are useful contributions in their own right. Good editorship has produced a uniformity of presentation with excellent illustrations and diagrams and has kept down the number of unnecessary references, and each chapter, with one exception, carries an English translation of the summary. This volume provides a useful refere-nce book, not only for ophthalmologists in training but also for those in practice as well. T J FFYTCHE


In theJournal of the American Medical Associationof Nov. 19, 1898, Dr. Senn reports four laparotomies for gunshot wound of the abdomen performed in the First Division Hospital, the only ones to his knowledge during the Cuban campaign. All the patients died. The same author says: ''I have seen numbers of cases of penetrating wounds of the abdomen in the First and Third Division Hospitals that were on a fair way to recoverywithout operationbefore they were sent home on the transport ships." It is to be regretted that he was not specific as to numbers and the ultimate issue; the matter is too important to be casually disposed of. One is not surprised that he should seek and be pleased in finding confirmation of his previously expressed views, "that not infrequently cases of penetrating wounds of the abdomen will recover without active surgical interference." All Dr. Senn's


High‐power microwaves (20–50 MW, 8.8 GHz) have been produced in repetitive pulses at a rate of 10 Hz in a joint experiment by Harry Diamond Laboratories and Sandia National Laboratories. These microwaves were produced with Harry Diamond Laboratories' backward‐wave oscillator (BWO), driven by a 600 to 800‐kV, 2‐kA electron beam, which was guided by a magnetic field of variable strength from 0.75 to 1.05 T. The beam was produced with Sandia National Laboratories' repetitive high‐voltage pulser, RAVEN. Microwave diagnostic instrumentation included a directional coupler, heterodyne receiver, dispersive waveguide delay line, and calorimeter. In a train of 10 pulses, the shape, duration, and amplitude of the injection voltage and beam current remained unchanged for each individual pulse. The intensity of the final microwave pulse was 40% of the first pulse, and the final pulse was 80% as long as the first. The basic pulse shape remained unchanged. More intense microwave radiation should be obtained with a highe...


Prior models have been developed to predict survival for patients with esophagogastric cancer undergoing curative treatment or first‐line chemotherapy (SOURCE models). Comprehensive clinical prediction models for patients with esophagogastric cancer who will receive second‐line chemotherapy or best supportive care are currently lacking. The aim of our study was to develop and internally validate a new clinical prediction model, called SOURCE beyond first‐line, for survival of patients with metastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinoma after failure of first‐line palliative systemic therapy. Patients with unresectable or metastatic esophageal or gastric adenocarcinoma (2015‐2017) who received first‐line systemic therapy (N = 1067) were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Patient, tumor and treatment characteristics at primary diagnosis and at progression of disease were used to develop the model. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was developed through forward and backward selection using Akaike's Information Criterion. The model was internally validated through 10‐fold cross‐validations to assess performance. Model discrimination (C‐index) and calibration (slope and intercept) were used to evaluate performance of the complete and cross‐validated models. The final model consisted of 11 patient tumor and treatment characteristics. The C‐index was 0.75 (0.73‐0.78), calibration slope 1.01 (1.00‐1.01) and calibration intercept 0.01 (0.01‐0.02). Internal cross‐validation of the model showed that the model performed adequately on unseen data: C‐index was 0.79 (0.77‐0.82), calibration slope 0.93 (0.85‐1.01) and calibration intercept 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.06). The SOURCE beyond first‐line model predicted survival with fair discriminatory ability and good calibration.


In childhood, the clinical feature of a disease changes through growing. These changes were detected by the response in the endocrinological tolerance test. First, serum LH and FSH response to the synthetic LHRH test were observed. The patients were grouped as following; group I , under 7 years old, group 11, 7 to 10 years old, and group 111, over 10 years old. LH response of groups I1 and 111, in both boys and girls, was stronger than that of group I . This result indicate that the reserved capacity of LH secretion rises at the age of group 11. FSH response were not different for the groups. Second, in serum insurin (IRI) response to the glucagon tolerance test, groups I1 and 111 had better response than group I. Third, in the glucose tolerance test, IRI response also increased at the age of group 11. Fourth, in the glucagon and glucose tolerance test, IRI and C-peptide responses on the same samples induced the results similar to those in the second and the third tests. These results indicate that the response to various stimuli are different, especially from the age of 7 years, through growing in childhood.


framework. In defining and evaluating the teaching function of the supervisor, the author has drawn largely on the field of general education, with constant reference to its accepted philosophy, principles, and its literature. Definite, concrete suggestions as to supervisory method and procedure directly related to specific public health nursing activities are included. These will make it a valuable book for reference as well as a point of departure for further consideration and study of supervision in public health nursing as a dynamic process in professional growth. KATHARINE TUCKER Department of Nursing Education University of Pennsylvania


The first direct observation of zero-field NMR spectra of $^{55}\mathrm{Mn}$ in $\mathrm{Cu}\mathrm{Mn}$, $\mathrm{Ag}\mathrm{Mn}$, and $\mathrm{Au}\mathrm{Mn}$ spin-glasses allows a detailed study of the concentration and $T$ dependence of the Mn local magnetization for $T\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.2{T}_{g}$. The quantum reduction of the local spin is found smaller than numerical estimates, while the thermal part is found quadratic in $T$. Such a result agrees with expectations for magnons with a linear dispersion relation and a large stiffness constant, at short times, for the spin system.


There's not a penny in your pocket, but we believe every single word you say : The extremes of hyperbolic synecdoche in the domains of money and language


Four-switch buck–boost converter supports both voltage step-up and step-down functionalities, but it suffers from mode transfer challenge that would need reliable mode detection when designed to operate in multidifferent modes. In this article, a novel control method based on model predictive current control is proposed for such converter with inherent smooth mode transfer capability without extra design on mode detection and transfer scheme. Modulator and mode detection are replaced by an optimization process through cost function. This largely simplifies the design and makes it easily implemented. Seamless transfer between buck and boost modes is achieved with many other system level benefits. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of proposed method for the four-switch buck–boost converter.


Significance The health benefits of ω-3 fatty acids are mediated, in part, through metabolic conversion to bioactive epoxides. Here we detail the discovery and initial characterization of naturally occurring ω-3–derived endocannabinoid epoxides that are formed via enzymatic oxidation of ω-3 endocannabinoids by cytochrome P450s. These dual functional ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxides are anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory and reciprocally modulate platelet aggregation. By virtue of their physiological properties, they are expected to play important roles in neuroinflammation and in cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke. Clinical studies suggest that diets rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) provide beneficial anti-inflammatory effects, in part through their conversion to bioactive metabolites. Here we report on the endogenous production of a previously unknown class of ω-3 PUFA–derived lipid metabolites that originate from the crosstalk between endocannabinoid and cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase metabolic pathways. The ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxides are derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to form epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid-ethanolamide (EEQ-EA) and epoxydocosapentaenoic acid-ethanolamide (EDP-EA), respectively. Both EEQ-EAs and EDP-EAs are endogenously present in rat brain and peripheral organs as determined via targeted lipidomics methods. These metabolites were directly produced by direct epoxygenation of the ω-3 endocannabinoids, docosahexanoyl ethanolamide (DHEA) and eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide (EPEA) by activated BV-2 microglial cells, and by human CYP2J2. Neuroinflammation studies revealed that the terminal epoxides 17,18-EEQ-EA and 19,20-EDP-EA dose-dependently abated proinflammatory IL-6 cytokines while increasing anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokines, in part through cannabinoid receptor-2 activation. Furthermore the ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxides 17,18-EEQ-EA and 19,20-EDP-EA exerted antiangiogenic effects in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) and vasodilatory actions on bovine coronary arteries and reciprocally regulated platelet aggregation in washed human platelets. Taken together, the ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxides' physiological effects are mediated through both endocannabinoid and epoxyeicosanoid signaling pathways. In summary, the ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxides are found at concentrations comparable to those of other endocannabinoids and are expected to play critical roles during inflammation in vivo; thus their identification may aid in the development of therapeutics for neuroinflammatory and cerebrovascular diseases.


Let A be a finite-dimensional algebra over an algebraically closed field. An indecomposable (right) ,4-module M is called generic provided M is infinite k-dimensional but finite length as (left) EndA(M)-module. Let R = A DA be the trivial extension algebra of A- Generic R-modules are constructed from generic A-modules using some functors between Mod A and Mod R. it is also proved that if A is a tame hereditary algebra, then R has only two generic modules.


Folk belief is an un-official,non-religious belief in the lower people.After analyzing the related information,the author opens out the leading characteristics of the folk belief of Shandong in Ming and Qing stages.


The spectrum of a moving target exhibits new characteristics in frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. The new spectrum characteristics can be a favourable factor for ground moving target indication (GMTI) rather than being corrected as a phase error. In this letter, a novel algorithm is presented to indicate and focus along-track moving targets in FMCW SAR systems. Firstly, the signal model of an along-track moving target in FMCW SAR systems is derived. Secondly, the Hough transform is adopted to detect the along-track moving target by searching for its additional range walk and estimating its motion parameters. Finally, the target can be refocused and relocated in the stationary image. Simulation experiments offer evidences that the proposed algorithm is effective in the along-track moving target indication and imaging.


On the basis of the thing that the making network that Windows NT itself offers installs and starts the magnetic disc, achieve the goal through changing and revising the associated documents on the magnetic disc.


In this paper we present the effect of the doping and annealing on the mechanical and optical properties of thin films of silicon carbide prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique at 400 degree(s)C and using methane (CH4) as a C precursor and silane (SiH4) as a Si source. Diborane (B2H6) and phosphine (PH3) are employed as doping gas. A clear changes in internal stress when adding doping gas is observed. After an annealing cycle up to 650 degree(s)C the internal stress is increased for both doped and undoped films and it shifts from compressive to tensile stress region. Spectroscopic ellipsometer is used to investigate structural and optical properties of these films. The thickness of silicon carbide film is decreased for both doped and undoped films after annealing. The index of refraction and coefficient of extinction of undoped and in-situ doped silicon carbide film as a function of photon energy are obtained. Complex dielectric constant as a function of photon energy and energy bandgap of these films are calculated as well.


When producing special-shape spring in CNC spring coiler,the setup of the coiler is often a manual work using a trial-and-error method.This not only leds to difficulty in operation,but also causes high rando- micity and low efficiency.In order to solve this problem,a automatic generation system of setup for CNC coi- ler using CBR is developed in this article.The system can generate the setup of the coiler through retrieving and modifying the past successful setup case.The proposed method also provided a new way to the improve- ment of automaticity and production efficiency of the spring's coiling.


The IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) is one of the premier professional meetings of plasma scientists from all over the world. The conference program showcases the most recent basic research discoveries in plasma science while emphasizing the various new applications and technologies of plasmas. This international conference is annually sponsored by the Plasma Science and Applications Committee (PSAC) of the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Science Society (NPSS).


Objective To compare the post-operative results between the patient group which used absorbable interference screw and metal interference screw during ACL reconstruction surgery.Methods The study is based on 105 patients who underwent arthroscopic with autogenous BPTB anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with absorbable and metal screws and those who underwent more than 1 year of follow up,60 patients were classified into group 1 where absorbable interference screw was used to fixate femur and tibia,and 25 patients fell into group 2 where absorbable interference screw was used on femur and metal interference screw on tibia,and 20 patients were classified into group 3 where metal interference screw was used on both the femur and tibia,Physical exam such as Anterior draw test,Lachman test,and Pivot shift test were conducted on all these patients before and after the surgery,and during the last follow up visit,and Lysholm knee score was taken,and after KT2000 arthrometer and simple radiological exams were performed,the results were analyzed.Results Clinical analysis of the obtained data showed that average preoperative Lysholm knee score of group 1 was 58.8,56.1 for group 2,and 56.9 for group 3.At the last follow-up visit the average score improved to 89.6 for group 1,91.6 for group 2,and 89.7 for group 3.In comparison to preoperative KT-2000 maximal manual side to side difference (STSD) for group 1 was 6.89 mm.6.88 mm for group 2 and 7.15 mm for group 3.Post operative KT-2000 improved to 2.95 mm for group 1,2.86 mm for group2,and 3.04 mm for group 3.Statistically significant manifestation of relaxation symptoms were found only in group 1 between the 6th week and the 3rd month after the operation.Conclusion The data obtained during last follow-up visit after the surgery showed no statistically significant difference in the stability of joints and the prevalence of complication was found between the two interference screws.When absorbable interference screw was used alone the fixation was loose for the first 3 months.In order to prevent such loosening and to maximize the advantage of absorbable interference screw,the authors recommend that absorbable interference screw be used for the fixation of femur and metal interference screw for the fixation of tibia and take brace rehabilitation until postoperation 3 months.


In view of the 3×3 PV array and a DC-DC circuit connection of the photovoltaic system maximum power tracking (MPPT) problem, according to the output characteristics of photovoltaic array under partially shadowing conditions(PSC), this paper proposes a new algorithm of adaptive neural network control with the feedback load voltage traverse. First, the feedback load voltage traversal method is used to quickly reach the reference voltage, and then the DANC online learning algorithm is used to stabilize the peak value, and finally through the comparison of the peak value, the global optimal solution is obtained. The simulation results show that the proposed method can track the global maximum power point (GMPP) of the PV array before and after under PSC. Compared with other traditional algorithms, the algorithm is simple and has better tracking accuracy, rapidity and stability.


Hospitalizations for primary care sensitive conditions represent health conditions that may have the risk of unnecessary hospitalization decreased through effective action in primary care. Activities such as disease prevention, diagnosis and early treatment of acute conditions, control and monitoring of chronic diseases. High rates of ICSAP in a population, or subsets theref, may indicate problems accessing or performance of the health system, an alert signal that can trigger mechanisms for analysis and search for explanations for its occurrence. These admissions have been used in some countries as an indicator of access and quality of primary care. This study aims to present an overview of hospital care sensitive in the Federal District. It is proposed to analyze the levels these hospitalizations by health variables. This is a descriptive study conducted from 2008 to 2012. It was observed that the rates were stable for ICSAP, representing 17.38% of total admissions in the SUS. The main causes were: cerebrovascular disease, heart failure and bacterial pneumonia. Considering the recent publication of the Brazilian List of Diagnostics, studies that use it can be of great value to managers involved with primary care, and can to be used as an instrument of its quality. This study may contribute to monitoring processes, therefore the results of this analysis may assist in reflection to the implementation of interventions at this level of attention. Actions aimed, for example, increase the quality of healthcare for the population and relieve hospital beds, usually in lower levels of demand.


Citrus is one of the famous crops that widely cultivated and is the most commonly utilized fruits in the world due to its pleasant taste and nutritional value. Citrus essential oil is also highly in demand by consumer but the production cost is quite expensive as it produced in very low quantity. Moreover, the chemical compositions in citrus essential oil influence its biological activity such as antioxidant, germicidal, antifungi and antimicrobial. Unfortunately, there is lack of information comparing the chemical components in Citrus aurantifolia essential oils extracted using different methods. In this study the peels of C. aurantifolia fruits were extracted using hydro-distillation, steam-distillation, solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) techniques and the chemical composition was compared using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The main components in the essential oils from hydro-distillation and steam-distillation were (+)-limonene, (-)-β-pinene and α-citral with leden oxide (II) and 5α-cholestan-3β-ol, 2-methylene were also present in the essential oil from steam-distillation process. While, ethyl iso-allocholate, citraptene, D:C-friedours-7-ene-3-one, herniarin, and isopimpinellin were the major components present in the essential oil from solvent extraction method. In SFE extraction, the main chemical compounds in peel of C. aurantifolia were 7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione, citraptene, isopimpinellin, and herniarin. The results show that monoterpene was the major component in hydro-distillation and steam-distillation while, coumarin was the major component in solvent extraction and SFE methods. The results also indicate that different extraction methods used produce different yield and chemical constituents. The percentage yield and major class of component of fresh peels C. aurantifolia using different methods were significantly different (p 0.05) in extraction methods used in total chemical composition in C. aurantifolia essential oils.


The medium voltage distribution system in the petrochemical industry usually adopts a neutral point noneffective grounding system, with the neutral point non-grounded or grounded via the arc suppression coil. When a single-phase-to- ground fault occurs, it will pose a threat to the normal operation of the power distribution system and equipment safety, and pose a threat to personal and property safety. The fault line selection technology proposed in the 1980s is an important means of dealing with single-phase earth faults in non-effective grounding systems. This paper analyzes the possibility of applying existing fault line selection technology to petrochemical industry distribution system, and focus on the traveling waves based fault line selection technology. According to the characteristics of the distribution system of petrochemical industry, this paper improves the line selection technology. Related simulations are conducted in this paper.


ABSTRACT The Precambrian Gamri Quartzite of the Deoban-Tejam Belt in Garhwal, with its restricted ultrastable heavy mineral assemblages consists primarily of zircon in the northern belt and tourmaline with zircon in the southern belt. The ultrastable heavy mineral suite and supermature light fraction of the quartzite seem to have been greatly altered by weathering and abrasion prier to deposition during a prolonged period of peneplanation of source area in the initial stages of geosynclinical development. Absence of tourmaline varieties in the northern belt and basal southern belt reflects compositional changes in the source area, i.e., the Central Crystalline Axis. Regional lateral and vertical variability of important tourmaline varieties has been recognised in the Gamri Quartzite with an increasing concentration in stratigraphically younger horizons of the southern belt near the overlying carbonates. The confirmation of the heavy mineral associations in structurally deformed belts of the Gamri Quartzite is applicable in the tectonic interpretation.


Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is usually a benign condition divided into three types. FHH-3 occurs in about 20% of the cases and is caused due to missense mutations in AP2S1 (adaptor-related protein complex 2 subunit sigma 1) involving the codon Arg15 (p.R15). We report a case of FHH-3 with a heterozygous mutation in the AP2S1 gene on chr19_47349359 C>T, c.44G>A, p.Arg15His. There are a handful of reports describing the clinical features in patients diagnosed with FHH-3. Herein, we describe the laboratory and clinical features associated with a case of FHH-3 with mutation in the Arg15His codon of the AP2S1 gene.


(57) Abstract: From the melt viscosity of 1x10 7 3x10 9 Pa. Coating a group of s non-melt-fabricable tetrafluoroethylene polymers ranging shows in its prime coat, without the need good performance to blend with other fluoropolymers.


This paper presents an overview of research related to the effective removal (by sorption and/or flotation) of arsenates and arsenites from aqueous effluents, as exerted in depth at GICT Laboratory of Chemistry Department in Aristotle University during the last decade. This paper presents, compares and comments the results of more than 20 scientific papers. Equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies were carried out to determine the sorption capacity of ten materials under various experimental conditions. The highest sorption capacity corresponds to surfactant-modified akaganeite and was found to be 328 mg g –1 , while the obtained flotation recoveries were higher than 90%.


This paper describes the rationale and design of the Novel START (Symbicort Turbuhaler Asthma Reliever Therapy) randomised controlled trial of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/fast-onset long-acting β-agonist (LABA) reliever therapy in mild asthma. Description of a real world study of the novel ICS/fast-onset LABA reliever therapy regimen in mild asthma http://ow.ly/WE3Yp


Previous animal studies have shown that generalized malnutrition results in the inhibition of tumor growth. We have developed an animal model in which restriction of dietary sodium in growing animals results in retardation of normal protoplasmic growth. This study evaluates the growth of a solid tumor during dietary sodium restriction. Thirty 6 wk. BDF mice were injected subcutaneously with approximately 107 viable B16 melanoma cells as determined by trypan blue exclusion technique. A salt deficient diet (less than 3μeq Na/gm) was provided ad-libitum. The drinking solution for the control group was half normal saline and for the experimental group the solution was distilled water. The animals were sacrificed 24 days after the injection of the melanoma cells. Tumor size was determined by triplicate measurements of the X and Y axes of the tumor mass. The means of the X and Y were calculated and tumor mass determined by.The tumor growth tended to be exponential in the control group and linear in the experimental group. In this experimental model, restriction of dietary sodium decreased the initiation of tumor takes and inhibited the growth of the tumor.


Human has a dimension of knowledge named the tacit knowledge that the main important part of it is obtained through experience and direct connection with phenomena over time that turns into a pattern. Based on knowledge and intelligent use of it, the garden-house pattern appears to have an unbreakable bond with the nature and the understanding of both social and cultural rules of users. The research questions at first place discuss the role of tacit knowledge in shaping the architecture of garden-houses of Meybud and how this knowledge has appeared in architecture of garden-houses of Meybud. Qualitative research method and data collection method relies on library studies and field research. The results indicate that the patterns of housing in Meybud have shaped based on the recognition of two components of environment (the climate and natural context) and human (social norms), understanding of these two and applying them. The tacit knowledge and reliance on experiences is very influential and the garden-house pattern is institutionalized as the most sustainable pattern of architecture.


In this paper, we consider the problem of non-orthogonal joint diagonalization of a set of complex symmetric matrices. This appears in many signal processing problems, especially in source separation. We propose three new algorithms based on LU decomposition of the matrix we are looking for and based on a Jacobi like procedure. The algorithms are based on a coupled and a decoupled parameter estimation. Numerical simulations are provided to compare the performances with a similar one existing in the real case and adapted to the complex symmetric case. Finally, we propose a mixed algorithm combining two proposed ones which allows more balanced performances.


The spectra of vapor/plasmas were acquired by spectrometer during YAG-MIG hybrid welding of 5A90 Al-Li alloys in our research. The temperature values of the vapor/plasmas were calculated by the methods of relative intensity.The effects of arc current and heat input on the temperature of the vapor/plasmas were discussed.The results show that the spectra of hybrid welding in the range of 350-850 nm is mainly argon ion spectra line accompanied with a few Mg and Li ion.An average temperature under a set of processing parameters is 6554 K;compared to YAG welding,the value has an increase of 1200 K;however,it is near to the average temperature of MIG welding.


The author analyses the various conflicts between western value ideas and traditional Chinese value ideas,the deconstruction and reconstruction since the western value ideas challenged the traditional Chinese patriarchal society,then discusses how to creatively integrate western value ideas into traditional Chinese value ideas.The author attempts to break the mode of thinking under the influence of the external and mechanic dual-contrary to reveal the theoretical and practical significance of the western value ideas to China with market economy system.Hence,the author points out the key to establishing varied modern value systems guided by mono-value system is to build up individual self-consciousness.


Characteristic and application of a new type environmental acoustic barrier developed by Hunan Communications Science Research Institute is introduced. The sound insulation mechanism,building structure and application situation on the Shao-Huai Freeway are particularly expatiated in the paper. We have researched,analysed and applied this barrier for a long-term.,and get the conclusion that the ecological acoustic barrier not only has sound insulation function but also have green function. And the technique is advanced and original,it will have broad application foreground.


One of the prin ci pal aim of our ac tion is to pro vide Ser bian pri mary school with as much as pos si ble books and an Internet net work, en abling the teach ers in volved in Hands on (in Ser bia Ruka u testu) to link up with one an other, and also link ing them with the world of re search (sci en tific from re search In sti tutes and Uni ver sity). The tar get groups are: teach ers in Ser bian Pri mary schools, pro fes sors of sci ences in Sec ond ary schools, par ents as well as all oth ers in ter ested for sci ence ed u ca tion. The main ac tiv i ties will be trans la tion of French La main à la pâte per mit ted texts, make it avail able on the site Ruka u testu, and make the net work of sci en tific con sul tant and teach ing spe cial ists, ed u ca tion for teach ers which will use these e-re sources.


The ultimate recovery efficiency of waterflooding is usually only 30%-40% of the OOIP.And waterflooding is a primary way of development of the field for a long time and an important way to enhance the recovery of waterflooding.The in-house experiments simulating the process of water displacing oil showed that the displacement efficiency varies according to the distribution of oil.


In this qualitative field study, I explore how the construction of a cultural institution's identity is related to the construction of strategic capabilities and resources. I investigated the 1996 musicians' strike at the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra (ASO), which revealed embedded and latent identity conflicts. The multifaceted and specialized identity of the ASO was reinforced by different professional groups in the organization: the ideologies of musicians and administrators emphasized institutional resource allocations consistent with the legitimating values of their professions, i.e., artistic excellence versus economic utility. These identity claims, made under organizational crisis, accounted for variations in the construction of core competencies. I propose a model that explicates how the construction of core capabilities lies at the intersection of identification and interpretive processes in organizations. Implications are discussed for defining firm capabilities in cultural institutions and for managing organizational forms characterized by competing claims over institutional identity, resources, and core capabilities.


On July 19, 1994, the 18-member US Senate Judiciary Committee unanimously approved President Clinton's nominee for Associate Justice of the US Supreme Court, Chief Judge Stephen Breyer. If confirmed by the full Senate, Judge Breyer will replace recently retired Justice Harry Blackmun, author of the Roe vs. Wade decision. When asked during the proceedings about whether a line could be drawn to determine a state's interest in the regulation of abortion services at different points during pregnancy, Judge Breyer replied that the finding in Roe vs. Wade has been the law for at least 21 years and that the law was recently upheld in Planned Parenthood vs. Casey. He refused to answer specific questions on how the law applies since he anticipates that those questions will be the subject of litigation in the future. During his career, Judge Breyer was involved in 2 abortion-related cases. In one, he joined an opinion which struck down restrictions on abortion counseling and referrals by family planning clinics receiving federal funds. In the other, he dissented from a court reversal of dismissal of a challenge to Massachusetts's parental involvement requirement. The only heated exchange during the confirmation hearing occurred when the Judge was asked if he would consider it a conflict of interest to rule in environmental pollution cases since he has holdings in Lloyds of London, which insures clients against asbestos and pollution claims.


Shielded metal-arc welding may be used as a technique to attach copper-nickel panels to steel substrates to minimize the corrosion and biofouling of offshore structures and ship hulls. Laboratory tests on local weldments show this attachment technique has minimal effect on the fatigue life of the steel substrate. A program has been evolved which included a laboratory study of shielded metal-arc welds which were made to contain a variety of defects common to attachment welds between copper-nickel sheathed steel substrates. The investigation of these defective welds included fatigue studies and metallurgical evaluation. The results of these studies show that defects, such as porosity and slag inclusions, do not have a significant deleterious effect on the fatigue life of the welded system. Field use of this attachment method has also been successfully demonstrated on the oil tanker ARCO Texas.


Reducing adolescent childbearing has been a global priority since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development. Age of a woman at first birth is significant in her life because motherhood involves a substantial commitment of time and resources, and it tends to set the stage within which other roles are assumed. There are consequences related to early age at first birth for both the mothers and the children. Data and Methods: The data used for analysis came from the 2015-2016 MIHS of Angola which was its first DHS. The 2015-2016 Angolan MIHS collected information from 14 379 women aged 15-49 years from 16 109 households. Women were asked questions around ages at which they gave births to their children. The Tarone-Ware test was used to test the equality of the survival functions. The Cox PH model was used to determine the factors that were associated with early age at first birth. Results and Conclusion: Results revealed that women who had their sexual intercourse at a young age (HR = 4.66; p < 0.001), women who never had a termination of pregnancy (HR = 1.22; p < 0.001), women who were never married (HR = 1.19; p < 0.001), women with no education (HR = 3.22; p < 0.001), women with primary education (HR = 5.08; p < 0.001), women with secondary education (HR = 5.06, p < 0.001), women of Christian religion (HR = 1.10; p = 0.035) and women who resided in informal houses (HR = 1.30; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the risk of early age at first birth.


The presidential council on national competitiveness and the national police agency have initiated a national project to refresh the road traffic control and operation systems to increase operational efficiency at signalized intersections. It would reduce the number of stops and delay of vehicles at intersections and thus mitigate congestion and emission. Although significant reduction of carbon is expected as a consequential result, such effects has yet been studied since traffic operation was behind of interest in the field of green transportation where planning was mainly involved. This paper delivers the macroscopic effects of carbon reduction of the selected items of the national project: the ones managed by the police agency. The results showed that the studied items yield significant reduction of carbon: pedestrian push button operation, flashing signal operation, progression, lagging left turns, permitted left turn, and actuated left-turn operation would reduce 12.31%, 3.27%, 2.44%, 0.97%, 0.81%, and 0.72% of the total amount of carbon emitted a year in a whole transportation sector, respectively.


The article presents the results of study on the performance of motion readiness in students. The novelty of the research lies in the rationale and design criteria for evaluating various types of coordination abilities that are relevant to students from different areas of training. There is revealed the need to take into account regional, climatic and geographical and other features in the evaluation and development of coordination abilities of students.


Fetal erythroblastosis caused by maternal Rhesus alloimmunization brings a significant clinical problem, eventually leading to fetal hydrops and intrauterine fetal death. Repeated blood transfusions into the umbilical vein are the treatment of choice for fetal erythroblastosis with severe hydrops. The purpose of this report is to introduce our experience with a case of fetal erythroblastosis, recovered after intraumbilical venous transfusions. The fetus has been received the intraumbilical venous transfusions for four times from 29 weeks of gestation. Fetal hydrops and cardiomegaly, as well as polyhydramnios were improved markedly after transfusions. A healthy baby was delivered at 34 weeks of gestation. Intraumbilical venous transfusion may be a safe and effective treatment on the case with severe aggressive anemic and hydropic isoimmune fetus.


Objective
To explore the clinical treatment effect of preschool children with ametropic amblyopia after corrective therapy.

Methods
194 cases of preschool children with ametropic amblyopia treated in our hospital were selected and divided into control group and observation group. The control group received the refractive corrective therapy and other conventional treatment, and the observation group was treated with amblyopia therapy instrument based on the conventional treatment. The children were followed up for three years. The correction and recovery of amblyopia were observed and compared between the two groups.

Results
The correction and recovery of amblyopia of the observation group was better than that of the control group, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05); there were statistically significant differences in the correction and recovery of amblyopia among children with different degree of amblyopia (P<0.05).

Conclusion
The application of amblyopia therapy instrument in preschool children with ametropic amblyopia based on the conventional treatment can obtain significant clinical treatment results, has a positive role in improving the correction and recovery of amblyopia.

Key words:
Preschool children; Ametropia; Amblyopia; Corrective therapy


In this paper we address the issues of using edge detection techniques on facial images and to produce cancellable biometric templates. With increasing use of biometrics, there is a real threat for the conventional systems using face databases, which store images of users in raw and unaltered form. If compromised not only is it irrevocable, but can also be misused for cross-matching across different databases. So it is desirable to generate and store revocable templates for the same user in different applications to prevent cross-matching and to enhance security, while maintaining privacy and ethics. By comparing different edge detection methods it has been observed that the edge detection based on the Roberts Cross operator performs consistently well across multiple face datasets, in which the face images have been taken under a variety of conditions. We have also proposed a novel scheme for extra verification in order to harden the security of the templates. In essence, we have com- bined a non-invertible template scheme with a key binding biometric crypto system.


INTRODUCTION: Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the breast is an uncommon neoplasm, occurring either as a solitary tumour or as an evidence of disseminated multiple myeloma. 1 Plasma cells represent terminally differentiated B- cells. Their neoplasms are characterized by secretion of a single homogenous immunoglobulin product known as the monoclonal or "M" component, which can be detected by serum and urine protein electrophoresis.2 MATERIAL AND METHODS: We describe here a case of breast plasmacytoma in a 56 year old male patient who was a known case of multiple myeloma.Diagnosis was made on the histopathological examination, Serum protein electrophoresis, X-ray finding and positive immunohistochemical staining with Lambda Light chain - Positive and CD138- Positive, In Pathology department of Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur. DISCUSSION: Plasmacytoma in breast is rare Extramedullary Plasmacytoma usually occur in the head and neck area in 90% of cases, for example, the upper respiratory tract, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oropharynx and salivary glands. 2,3 Occasional cases of extramedullary plasmacytoma are reported in breast. 4


The encapsulation of nitroxide radicals within ultrashort (ca. 50 nm) single‐walled carbon nanotubes (US‐tubes) is achieved. Tempo‐ and Iodo‐Tempo@US‐tubes are characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra display characteristic signals due to the detection of the spin probes within the US‐tubes. Longitudinal proton relaxivities (r1) of both nitroxide@US‐tubes samples are 7 to 13 times greater than the free nitroxide radicals in solution, giving relaxivities comparable to the clinical contrast agent (CA) Magnevist. In addition, transverse proton relaxivities (r2) show unprecedented proton relaxation enhancement in comparison to any other reported nitroxide radical‐based system or the clinically approved T2 CA, Resovist, under the same conditions. T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phantom images show that the encapsulation of nitroxide radicals within the US‐tubes produces good contrast enhancement due to their high r2 relaxivities. The nitroxide radicals@US‐tube agents are a new promising class of spin probes for MRI and electronic paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) labeling, tracking, and diagnosis.


The existence of integrated thematic textbooks published by Kemdikbud, Erlanggaand Yudistirashows important weaknesses. It is based on observations and interviews of students and teachers in several schools in Ngawi Regency. Therefore, we need an alternative solution using the integrated thematic textbooks depending on the needs analysis, integrated thematic textbooks development as required in the light of integrated thematic and Adiwiyata-basedtextbooks. Results of the development of these textbooks are expected to lead to improvements tailored to the needs of students, teachers, and communities. Accordingly, the results showthat integrated thematic and Adiwiyata-basedtextbooks are developed to fufil the needs of the fourth graders in in elementary schools.


To gain a better understanding of the molecular differences that may contribute to cleavage arrest and the poorer development associated with laboratory produced embryos, a series of experiments were conducted to quantitate the message levels of the cell cycle controller cdc25c, over the maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) in 4‐cell in vivo‐ and in vitro‐derived porcine embryos. The experiments were designed to measure both maternal and embryonic derived cdc25c transcripts by quantitative reverse transcription‐competitive polymerase chain reaction (RT‐cPCR), determine the point of the transition to zygotic genome activation, and study the interaction between initial embryonic transcription and maternal cdc25c degradation. Analysis of in vivo‐ and in vitro‐derived embryos revealed no difference in cdc25c message level for any of the times P4CC (P > 0.05). Comparison of control embryos from 5‐ to 33‐hr P4CC revealed a reduction in transcript quantities in the 10‐hr P4CC group that was maintained at later time points (P < 0.05). Embryos cultured in the RNA polymerase inhibitor, α‐amanitin, from cleavage to 5‐, 10‐, 18‐, 25‐, or 33‐hr P4CC displayed no difference in cdc25c levels when compared to controls at similar time points (P > 0.05). However, if embryos were first exposed to α‐amanitin after 18‐hr P4CC with this treatment continuing to 33 hr, the levels of cdc25c transcript were reduced (P < 0.04) when compared to those embryos that were first exposed to the inhibitor at either 5‐ or 10‐hr P4CC. This finding and the comparison of these same embryos to the 0–33‐hr α‐amanitin and control groups allowed us to conclude that cdc25c transcription began between 10‐ and 18‐hr P4CC, with the degradation of maternal cdc25c message dependent on transcriptional initiation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 60: 181–188, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Introduction: We compared the frequency and duration of specific mealtime behaviors and GI dysfunction in children with classic autism to typically-developing siblings. Survey Method: A 41-item on-line parent survey. Statistics: Chi square and binomial logistical regression. Results: 79 children with classic autism matched with a normally-developing sibling. Logistic Regression Analysis Revealed: Dislike of new foods and bizarre mealtime mannerisms, were more frequent in those with classic autism (p < 0.01). They also had higher odds ratio of constipation and fecal incontinence (p < 0.01). 40% of children with classic autism had been on GFCF diets (p < 0.01). Only 1% of those children on a gluten-free diet had a biopsy-proven diagnosis of celiac disease. Conclusion: Children with classic autism had more frequent dislike of new foods, bizarre mealtime behaviors, constipation, and fecal incontinence.


Permanent magnet (PM) mounted piezoelectric cantilever current sensor with high sensitivity and no need of power supply attracted many attentions. This paper proposes an improved piezoelectric cantilever current sensor, of which the magnet mass is replaced by a ferromagnetic mass and a self-standing magnet bias. The PM-separated structure is of great advantage in resonance pre-setting adjustment and adapting to new application without sensitivity sacrifice. It also makes the sensor easy to be scaling down by MEMS technology because the process-incompatible magnet mass is not necessary in the vibration structure. Besides, the sensor has a slack requirement of installation. Experiment results of a built prototype show that the output voltage reaches 112mV when the AC current of a 45-turn coil is 10 mA, whose magnetic field equals to that of 10 mm apart from a straight wire with 1.8A current.


The EU also understood that to maximize the impact of the European Green Deal for the whole continent, it should make the Western Balkans a part of this deal and ensure the countries are given equal opportunities and weight. This way, the EU can guide the region towards the 2030 and 2050 targets while benefiting from the added value the Western Balkans could offer, and that's how the "Green Agenda for the Western Balkans" emerged.


Due to their unique ability to initiate immune responses against invading pathogens, dendritic cells (DC) are considered the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APC). DC are specialized in antigen transport to secondary lymphoid organs and subsequent stimulation of primary and secondary T-cell responses. However, peptides presented by DC are not only of foreign origin but may include peptides derived from self-proteins, a process that can eventually lead to the development of autoimmune disease. However, a variety of mechanisms impact on the immunogenicity of DC in order to prevent autoimmune responses. Hence, targeted modulation of DC function may open new treatment options aiming at alleviating DC-driven autoimmune responses.


This study examines the use and impact of mobile money and microfinance services in Ghana. It explores the perspectives of mobile money and microfinance service providers and consumers to identify the nature and extent of use, and their separate and complementary impact on financial inclusion. Qualitative data collected through interviews with service providers, agents, and consumer focus groups were used to draw parallels and contrasts between provider and consumer perceptions on impacts and challenges of the systems. The study addressed four specific objectives identified as provider perceptions on mobile money and microfinance integrations and financial inclusion; consumer perceptions on mobile money and microfinance integrations and financial inclusion; impacts of mobile money and microfinance integrations on the financial inclusion ecosystem; and challenges of mobile money and microfinance integrations for financial inclusion in Ghana. The results showed that provider perceptions primarily focus on consumer access, product range, convenience, and regulatory climate. Consumer perceptions also focus on network capacity, fraud and security, and complex user designs. The impacts of mobile money integrations appear to be additive for most users but also transformative for users who were previously excluded from the formal financial sector. However, there are eminent challenges related to system failures, fraud and security concerns, and consumer protection to be addressed to help facilitate the efficiency and sustainability of the mobile money ecosystem.


The cerebral stroke is one of the diseases which many aged people are being to suffer. It occurs due to a thrombus created in a blood vessel, which blocks a blood flow in a brain and induces a brain cell necrosis. This study is the part of a research project that aims to develop high performance and amplitude micro stirrer for dissolution of cerebral thrombus. This paper presents the fundamental study on of a Novel actuator for creating vertically fluctuation to effective dissolution of cerebral thrombus or blood clot. By stirring the blood around the thrombus after the infusion of the agent, the quick dissolution can be obtained. This actuator was supported one side and the other side is free. The longitudinal wave excited by transducer from support side, traveling throw catheter and before reach to tip of beam impinges to skewed surface and reflect to shear wave and longitudinal wave. Thus the stirrer moves transversely due to transverse wave and reflected longitudinal wave.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


6 1 0 Clots of blood in the hemispheres, and lymph on the membranes, especially at the base. Duration of disease 10 days. Softening of the grey matter on anterior lobe of cerebrum ; pneumonia. Softening of corpus striatum and cerebellum. Mitral valvular disease ; anasarca. Clot in substance of left hemisphere ; fibrinous masses in spleen ; cirrhosis hepatis ; mottled kidneys ; cerebral disease of 1 month's duration. Fracture of the base of the skull and extravasation ; death 14 days after the injury.


Many recent researches have investigated whether cu ltural values, social norms, and attitudes differ across countries and wh ether these differences have measurable effects on economic behaviour. It is imp lied in these studies that one of the most important factor is tax morale explaini ng difference between tax


Aims Patellofemoral problems are a common complication of total knee arthroplasty. A high compressive force across the patellofemoral joint may affect patient‐reported outcome. However, the relationship between patient‐reported outcome and the intraoperative patellofemoral contact force has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not a high intraoperative patellofemoral compressive force affects patient‐reported outcome. Patients and Methods This prospective study included 42 patients (42 knees) with varus‐type osteoarthritis who underwent a bi‐cruciate stabilized total knee arthroplasty and in whom the planned alignment was confirmed on 3D CT. Of the 42 patients, 36 were women and six were men. Their mean age was 72.3 years (61 to 87) and their mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.4 kg/m2 (18.2 to 34.3). After implantation of the femoral and tibial components, the compressive force across the patellofemoral joint was measured at 10°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 140° of flexion using a load cell (Kyowa Electronic Instruments Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) manufactured in the same shape as the patellar implant. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between intraoperative patellofemoral compressive force and patient‐reported outcome two years after implantation. Results No patient had anterior knee pain after total knee arthroplasty. The compressive force across the patellofemoral joint at 140°of flexion was negatively correlated with patient satisfaction (R2 = 0.458; &bgr; = ‐0.706; p = 0. 041) and Forgotten Joint Score‐12 (FJS‐12; R2= .378; &bgr; = ‐0.636; p = 0. 036). The compressive force across the patellofemoral joint at 60° of flexion was negatively correlated with the patella score (R2 = 0.417; &bgr; = ‐0.688; p = 0. 046). Conclusion Patient satisfaction, FJS‐12, and patella score were affected by the patellofemoral compressive force at 60° and 140° of flexion. Reduction of the patellofemoral compressive forces at 60° and 140° of flexion angle during total knee arthroplasty may improve patientreported outcome, but has no effect on anterior knee pain.


Objective: To alleviate the severe limitation of the prohibitively long process of immune-fluorescence labeling on the routine applications of revolutionary intact tissue clearing techniques in diverse biomedical arenas. Methods: We proposed an easily adaptable approach, electro-enhanced rapid staining (EERS), for highly efficient and fast immuno-labeling of thick clarified tissues. In EERS, an optimized and precisely controlled weak external electric field is engineered into a compact device to enable efficient and uniform transport of antibodies into clarified tissues while minimizing the detrimental effect of macromolecular crowding at the tissue-solution interface. Results and Conclusions: The experimental results show that, with EERS, a current density of only ∼0.2 mA mm−2 is sufficient to achieve uniform labeling of clarified tissues of several millimeters thick in a few hours without detectable tissue damage. In addition, the amount of antibodies required is also several-fold lower than conventional immuno-labeling assays under comparable conditions. Significance: It is expected that the implementation of EERS in most laboratories should significantly expedite the application of tissue clearing in a broad range of research explorations, both basic and clinical.


The total antioxidant capacity of yam food grown in southern African regions
was investigated by a polyglycine-glassy carbon modified electrode. The modified electrode was fabricated
using glycine solution on glassy carbon electrode by electrodeposition method. The proposed
modified electrode is found to be nearly 3.15-fold more sensitive than the bare electrode. For the
measurement of the total antioxidants of yam, differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) was
employed with standard quercetin compound.

The total antioxidant capacity of yam was deduced by DPSV and cyclic voltammetry (CV)
methods. The basic parameters for the stripping technique such as pH, accumulation time and accumulation
potential were optimized as 20 s, 200 mV and a pH of 3 Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solutions
in 0.5 mg quercetin/L, respectively.

 In the optimization condition, the linear working range was determined between 5.0 μg/L and
80.0 µg/L for the quercetin. The detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) limits of quercetin were
found to be 0.39 µg/L and 1.39 µg/L on the modified electrode by DPSV, respectively. The procedure
was also applied to natural yam samples and total antioxidant capacity of 0.1 kg of yam was determined
as 96.15 ± 0.85 µg/L of equivalent quercetin at 95% confidence level with the relative standard
deviations of 0.88%.

Sensitive and selective voltammetric method was developed for the determination of total
antioxidant capacity in yam. Moreover, the modified polyglycine-glassy carbon electrode was constructed
more selectively for quercetin. As a result, a simple, sensitive and rapid new voltammetric
method for the determination of antioxidants has been developed using the modified electrode.


This work was done to investigate the immune fitness of newly hatched chicks in four local improved Egyptian strains using immunoglobulin-Y (IgY) Index transferred from hens through egg yolk to offspring. The strains used were Mandarah, Matrouh, Silver Montazah and Inshas. 36 hens and 9 cocks of 18 weeks old from each strain were used. IgY concentration was determined in serum of hens and newly hatched chicks. Also, the egg yolk was separated to determine IgY levels in egg yolk. The results of Mandarah strain showed the highest concentration (P≤0.05) of IgY that transferred to egg yolk and offspring, followed by Matrouh, Silver Montazah and Inshas strains that had the lowest (P≤0.05) concentration of IgY. There was significant positive correlation between the levels of total serum IgY and total yolk IgY level in the four breeds. However, Mandarah strain had the highest positive correlation indicating that Mandarah chicks should have the highest passive immunity against infectious diseases during early life. This may contribute to breeding programs when fitness of the offspring is a concern, as this may affect general health status of birds having high immunity that reduces the use of antibiotics and hence favoring organic production of chicken.


Measurements and models are compared for gap probability in a pecan orchard. Measurements are based on panoramic photographs of 50* by 135 view angle made under the canopy looking upwards at regular positions along transects between orchard trees. The gap probability model is driven by geometric parameters at two levels-crown and leaf. Crown level parameters include the shape of the crown envelope and spacing of crowns; leaf level parameters include leaf size and shape, leaf area index, and leaf angle, all as functions of canopy position.


M USCLE SHOALS is a war legacy. . Before 1916 our chief source of supply of nitrates needed in the manufacture of munitions was Chile. It was thought that if we entered the World War we should have some means of producing those nitrates in this country. The National Defense Act was passed June 3, 1916. Clause 124 of that Act authorized the President to select one or more sites in this country where cheap water power could be developed for the purpose of extracting nitrogen from the air. The nitrates produced were to be used for munitions in time of war and in the manufacture of fertilizers and other useful products in time of peace. The Act further provided that the plants should be operated solely by the Government and not in conjunction with any other industry or enterprise carried on by private capital. President Wilson chose the Muscle Shoals at Florence, Alabama, on the Tennessee River. Power was needed for construction work, and the first thing done was to enter into a contract with the Alabama Power Company, which had a steam plant at Gorgas, the mouth of a coal mine, 90 miles south of Muscle Shoals. The plan of work at Muscle Shoals called for three dams, two navigation dams and one power dam, two nitrate plants, two electrical steam plants, power house, lock, industrial village, and the purchase of a large tract of land and the Waco lime quarry. When the armistice was signed in 1918, $105,000,000 had been expended, two nitrate plants and the steam plants were completed and some


Members of theCouncil onCardiovascularandStrokeNursing (CVSN) continue to make outstanding contributions to cardiovascular science and clinical practice. Two of our distinguished members, Erika S. Froelicher and Lynn V. Doering, were instrumental in the publication of the scientific statement on the role of depression as a risk factor of poor prognosis among patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Dr Froelicher has been a prominent figure in the crafting of other scientific statements addressing the assessment and treatment of depression. Despite the prevalence of major depression and depressive symptoms among the nearly 16 million American adults with coronary heart disease (CHD), depression has lacked formal recognition as a risk factor of adverse morbidity and mortality outcomes. Cardiovascular nurse practitioners and scientists have taken leadership roles not only in raising the awareness of depression as a risk of CHD but also in articulating the detrimental effects depression has for nonadherence to evidence-based medications and healthy behavior change. The scientific writing group reviewed 53 studies and 4 meta-analyses to determine the relationship between depression, largely measured by selfreport instruments, and adverse outcomes includingmortalityandnonfatal events,with thegoalofmaking recommendations about the role of depression as a risk factor among patients with ACS. More than half (17/32) of the studies determined that depression was a risk factor of all-cause mortality. The majority of studies (8/12) found that depression was significantly associated with increased cardiac mortality after ACS. Mortality and nonfatal events such as rehospitalization for a cardiac diagnosis were the focus of 22 studies involving 18 unique patient cohorts. Nearly all of these studies used selfreport depressive symptom instruments, most commonly, the Beck Depression InventoryYI.Most of these studies found that depression was a risk factor of combined outcomes of either all-cause mortality or cardiac mortality and nonfatal cardiac events. The writing committee addressed several important issues regarding the measurement of depressive symptoms. Although most of the studies measured depressive symptoms with theBeckdepression InventoryYI,others included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Depression Subscale. Methodological differences among studies were apparent because of the use of dichotomous cut points of continuous measures to specify depression criterion. This measurement issue has important interpretive implications both in terms of the loss of statistical power with dichotomous variables and of the potential misclassification inherent in using a particular cut point. The writing committee recommended that future studies should usewell-validatedquestionnairesalong with structured interviews to assess depression and usewell-validated cutoff scores and diagnostic criteria to define cases of depression. They also suggested that depression that occurs soon after an ACS may carry a higher risk than episodes of depression that began before ACS. Some of the potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between depression and CHD that require further clarification include metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, obesity, neuroendocrine dysfunction, enhanced platelet activity, delay in seeking treatment, and high-risk health behaviors (smoking, inactivity, and nonadherence to preventive measures). The link between depression and adverse outcomes in patients