This research is focused on the usage of nationalistic stereotypes in television commercials in the automotive industry. We specifically analyzed one case in which nationalistic stereotypes were used in an automotive advertisement in the USA, using netnographic and document analysis methods. Our main objectives were to first uncover how an automotive advertisement is now using these stereotypes to boost brand awareness, and secondly, to analyze how the public reacts and experiences advertisements that use these stereotypes. By applying Hall's Encoding/Decoding Theory and Brewer's In-Group Bias Theory, we uncovered that advertisers are now using nationalistic stereotypes to provoke and create controversy that cuts through the clutter and creates buzz. As opposed to the previous tactics in implementing these nationalistic stereotypes in this industry where the ad addressed an entire nation to promote one country of manufacturing over another, this advertisement stereotyped a specific kind of American based on distinct values and ideologies in order to directly target their audience. It was also observed that the responses to the same commercial could be found on two ideological extremes, depending on political orientation. Another interesting finding of our research is the propensity for viewers' to manufacture their response and comments within the social platform where a discussion is taking place. Our research seeks to make consumers aware of advertisers using nationalistic stereotypes in this way, so that viewers do not perpetuate stereotypes they've seen in commercials, but make decisions based on experiences of their own. Simultaneously, this research can serve to educate advertisers on what type of responses and reactions the public can have towards their usage of nationalistic stereotypes.


Germany is famous for the vocational-education system of its unique"Dual-System"which has long embodied the enterprise-oriented tendencies and characteristics and whose core lies in associating a nationally-recognized job training in an economic field with bachelor education related with some engineering majors. The vocational education of"Dual-System"at undergraduate level is a learning way of combined training in which students study theoretical knowledge in vocational colleges and universities while carry out their practice in training center of enterprises. This training way is another choice besides normal way to study in university and by this way students also can increase their ability to practice and work.


This paper analyzes the differences in educational rates of return between the foreignborn and native workers in France and Austria, and asks to what extent these differences result from a potential mismatch between the actual and required years of schooling typical for a certain occupation. The decomposition of the education variable into required education, overeducation and undereducation allows for better understanding of the reasons behind the lower payoff to schooling among migrants. The findings of the paper are generally in accordance with the existing studies, since overeducation contributes positively to earnings and undereducation lowers the expected payoff. However, what mainly accounts for the lower returns to education of immigrants in comparison to natives, is the substantial difference in returns to overeducation in favour of native workers. Undereducated migrants are penalized with respect to earnings by slightly higher negative returns, to undereducation than natives. JEL Classification: F22, I21, J24, J31, J61


We generated 10 high-resolution profiles of stable carbon and oxygen isotope values (δ13Coto and δ18Ooto) of sagittal otoliths of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) from Lake Annecy (France) to determine the factors that control intra-individual δ13Coto variation. Dominant patterns of intra-otolith variation compared well with seasonal and age-specific respiration modeling. Conversely, intra-otolith variation of δ13C values did not compare well with measured dietary and environmental variation. We infer that the proportion of metabolically sourced carbon (M) is the dominant control on intra-otolith variation. Current models of otolith carbon incorporation provide different estimates of M. Once appropriate fractionation factors among otolith, endolymph, blood, and carbon sources are elucidated, δ13Coto values will reveal energetic, environmental, and dietary information of teleost fish for past and present populations. Used in conjunction with δ18Ooto values, δ13Coto values will be powerful proxies of fish environment, behavior, and evolution.


This document describes a header compression scheme for IPv6, IPv6/
UDP based on static contexts. This technique is especially tailored
for LPWA networks and could be extended to other protocol stacks.
During the IETF history several compression mechanisms have been
proposed. First mechanisms, such as RoHC, are using a context to store
header field values and send smaller incremental differences on the
link. Values in the context evolve dynamically with information
contained in the compressed header. The challenge is to maintain
sender's and receiver's contexts synchronized even with packet
losses. Based on the fact that IPv6 contains only static fields,
6LoWPAN developed an efficient context-free compression mechanisms,
allowing better flexibility and performance. The Static Context Header
Compression (SCHC) combines the advantages of RoHC context which
offers a great level of flexibility in the processing of fields, and
6LoWPAN behavior to elide fields that are known from the other side.
Static context means that values in the context field do not change
during the transmission, avoiding complex resynchronization
mechanisms, incompatible with LPWA characteristics. In most of the
cases, IPv6/UDP headers are reduced to a small identifier. This
document focuses on IPv6/UDP headers compression, but the mechanism
can be applied to other protocols such as CoAP. It will be described
in a separate document.


Cost growth in Department of Defense (DoD) weapon systems continues to be a scrutinized area of concern. One way to minimize unexpected cost growth is to derive better and more realistic cost estimates. In this vein, cost estimators have many analytical tools to ply. Previous research has demonstrated the use of a two-step logistic and multiple regression methodology to aid in this endeavor. We investigate and expand this methodology to cost growth in procurement dollar accounts for the Engineering and Manufacturing Development phase of DoD acquisition. We develop and present two salient statistical models for cost estimators to at least consider if not use in mitigating cost growth for existing and future government acquisition programs.


Objective To explore the significance of computer tomography(CT)on diagnosis of abdominal type Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP).Methods Thirty-two cases of abdominal type HSP with long-term(3 days)abdominal pain were admitted and treated in Nanjing Children's Hospital from Jan.2005 to Dec.2008.The performance of CT were analyzed with duodenum,jejunum,colon edema and thickening,whether pelvic fluid.There were 17 cases of admission for typical skin-rash as skin-rash group,15 cases of admission for non skin-rash as non skin-rash group.Results In skin rash group,there were 15 cases(88.2%)whose CT showed partial bowel edema and thickening with duodenum and(or)small intestine,colon and a small amount of fluid in pelvic.In non skin-rash group,there were 12 cases(80.0%)whose CT had similar performance.There was no significant difference between the 2 groups(P0.05).Furthermore,no children was misdiagnosed and misoperated.Conclusions For children with long-term abdominal pain who are suspected of obdominal type HSP,CT can play an important role in the diagnosis before rash appears and avoid misdiagnose and misoperation.


Concrete cracking of cement-based materials has been a hot research field, especially for non-load in recent years due to early cracking of particular concern. This paper describes the simulation of the natural environment during construction, the use of flat crack planes, the air in different time periods were pouring concrete slab cracking, observed and recorded later analysis and evaluation of concrete cracking sensitivity of the issue, the results show that: ordinary concrete cracking mix better performance than the ratio of concrete pumping, water conservation was slightly better than the Nature Conservancy, covering the best conservation; plastic stage of the concrete surface pressure change is only the second rub the continuity of the crack, can not resist the final cracking, big slump degree requirements after concrete pouring strictly control the location of cracks should be covered by conservation.


Summary form only given. Imploding spherical plasma liners formed by an array of merging supersonic plasma jets are a potential standoff compression driver for magneto-inertial fusion.1, 2 From 2009-2012, a multi-institutional collaboration led by LANL pursued an integrated theory/modeling and experimental effort aimed at fielding targetless, spherical-plasma-liner formation experiments via the merging of thirty argon plasma jets, to reach 0.1-1 Mbar of peak stagnation pressure with a total (thirty-jet) initial kinetic energy of ~375 kJ. Specific goals included: (i) developing scaling laws for peak achievable pressures as a function of initial plasma jet parameters; (ii) achieving the plasma gun technology to deliver argon plasma jets with the requisite parameters (n≈1017 cm-3, V≈50 km/s, mass≈8 mg); (iii) experimentally characterizing single-jet propagation and multiple-jet oblique merging; (iv) exploring 3D effects of discrete merging jets; and (v) fielding thirty-jet spherical implosion experiments. The new Plasma Liner Experiment (PLX) facility was constructed at LANL for this project, and substantial progress was made3-7 on topics (i)-(iv) before the project was terminated. This presentation reviews, for the first time, the project's research accomplishments, and closes with remarks on the concept's readiness to proceed to thirty-jet spherical plasma liner formation experiments.


Abstract : We derive some Markovian and differential equation models of viral epidemiology on connected networks. We examine the stability properties of endemic states for models based on contact rates derived from probabilistic concepts of connectivity. In particular, boundaries that delineate the onset of viral propagation in a connected network are derived and analyzed.


We discuss deterministic asset liability management methods for insurance business and consider a few hedging strategies for the interest rate risks by approximating the changes in surplus according to the changes in interest rates. We show that the first and the second derivative matching would be enough for a perfect immunization strategy for the deterministic cash flows of assets and liabilities using the fundamental theorem of plane curves. Also we suggest a simple quadratic programming method which can be used for the deterministic cash flow matching problem with reinvestment and borrowing.


We demonstrate an optics pipeline for classical computer-vision autoencoders, which are a reliable de-noising defense against adversarial attacks. With vortex Fourier encoding, we show results with 10 nJ/cm2 illumination.


This paper introduces different designs of graphene based geometrical diodes coupled with nanoantennas for infrared (IR) energy harvesting. The geometrical diode is an electronic device in which the current flow through it is controlled by its geometry. The I–V characteristics of the graphene based geometrical diodes are calculated by the Monte Carlo simulation. Different shapes of graphene geometrical diodes, arrowhead, modified staircase, and quarter-elliptical geometries have been examined. The equivalent impedance, capacitance, and responsitivity of each geometric diode have been calculated. The radiation characteristics of nanoantenna designed at 20.5 THz have been investigated. The IR harvesting using nanoantenna coupled with the graphene geometric diode has been calculated and interpreted. Full-wave simulation for the nanoantenna coupled to the geometric diode has been introduced. The DC voltage collected by the nanoantenna and rectified using the geometrical diode has been calculated.


The invention relates to an ultrafine maize straw grinding device. The ultrafine maize straw grinding device comprises a machine frame. The machine frame is provided with a grinding assembly and a motor assembly. The grinding assembly comprises a rotating shaft, a movable grinding sleeve and a fixed grinding sleeve. The movable grinding sleeve and the fixed grinding sleeve are columnar and installed with the rotating shaft as the axis. The movable grinding sleeve is fixed to the rotating shaft through a first key. The fixed grinding sleeve is fixed to the machine frame. An upper cover is fixed to the upper end of the fixed grinding sleeve. A hopper is fixed to the upper cover. A discharging bin is fixed to the lower end of the fixed grinding sleeve. A discharging pipe is fixed to the lower end of the discharging bin. The ultrafine maize straw grinding device further comprises a transmission assembly. The grinding assembly is connected with the motor assembly through the transmission assembly. The ultrafine maize straw grinding device can effectively cut and grind fiber straw materials to needed fineness, and the problem that after the straw achieves certain fineness, discharging is difficult is solved. The ultrafine maize straw grinding device can achieve ultrafine grinding of maize straw in a large-flux, high-efficiency and low-energy-consumption manner.


Abstract In Japan, English for Academic Purposes (EAP) holds its own place of importance in tertiary English education. However, with a recent lean towards more communicative learning styles, the effects of using task based activities to teach reading in communicative learning environments are yet to be fully comprehended. This paper examines strategies for the teaching of reading in such classrooms. The effectiveness, benefits and suitability of using communicative based activities in such teaching contexts are also discussed. This study arrives at the conclusion that finding the appropriate methodology for the context should achieve precedence over trying to meld current teaching trends into classroom practices irrespective of their suitability, both for the learner and for the teacher.


The maintenance phase within software projects is typically very expensive in terms of resources. The activities of this phase are largely focused around some form of modification of program code. ...


A number of hybrid time series models are compared, using a real data series which exhibits features which provide a challenge to the capability of the hybrid modelling methods, because the process statistics contain two substantial discontinuities. It is found that the relatively unusual combination of the grey differential model with an autoregressive model performs most successfully.


In the writings of the celebrated moral philosopher and economist Adam Smith, many theologically suggestive statements may be found. How is the talk about one God, divine providence, or the divine creation and guidance of the world in Smith's work to be systematically arranged? A text-critical analysis shows that Smith used the term nature a great deal and that it is a theologically significant term. On the whole we have found that these theological connections enjoy the status of basic truths in Smith's work, and that they should always be taken into account when one tries to interpret or to update the thought of the Scottish universal scholar.


To find electromagnetic interference (EMI) and other problems in the secondary power supply system design quickly and effectively, simulations are carried out under the Saber simulation software platform. The DC/DC converter model with complete performance and electromagnetic characteristics is established by combining parametric modeling with Mast language. By using the method of macro modeling, the hall current sensor and power supply filter model are established respectively based on the function, schematic diagram of the components. Also the simulation of the component model and the whole secondary power supply system are carried out. The simulation results show that the proposed model satisfies the functional requirements of the system and has high accuracy. At the same time, due to the ripple characteristics in the DC/DC converter modeling, it can be used as a conducted interference model to simulate the power bus conducted emission CE102 project under the condition that the simulated load is full, which provides a useful reference for the electromagnetic interference suppression of the system.


Spectacles are used by millions of people every day. Although it is an item of daily use for many, not all feel the need to clean their glasses daily[1]. As, most of today's lenses in use are made of polycarbonate, this experiment aims at studying the various organisms present on polycarbonate lenses. From staining, Biochemical assay tests and other analytical techniques, different species of bacteria are noted and finally identified. Shigella spp. were identified as the major microbial contanimant on these polycarbonate lenses. Shigella most commonly causes shigellosis and dysentry in humans[2].


The application of an extended form of von Bertalanffy's growth function to plant data is considered; the equation has considerable flexibility, but is used only to supply an empirical fit. In order to aid the biological analysis of such growth data as are capable of representation by the function, general rate parameters are deduced which are related in a simple manner to its constants.


The Belgian metallurgical company, Union Miniere, has been a key-player in the sector of radium production between 1922 and 1969. The factory based in Olen has extracted radium from minerals and produced radium sources during that period. The radium production facilities have been dismantled in the 70s but legacies of the former production have still to be remediated. An overview of these legacies and of their radiological characteristics will be given. Next to the sites related to radium production, other radium legacies are related to NORM industries, essentially from the phosphate sector (phosphogypsum and CaF2 stacks).Copyright © 2011 by ASME


The present invention relates to novel method for manufacturing a nano-structured and / or nano-porous surfaces, coatings having a nano-structured and / or nano-porous surfaces, and to articles comprising said coatings. The present invention may also be as an antireflection film, the use of the coatings of the present invention. The method for producing surface nanostructured and / or nano-porous coating, and a) i) reactive nano-particles, ii) at least one solvent, optionally iii), and a compound having at least one polymerizable group the mixture containing the mixture is applied to a transparent substrate, after curing at the surface, compared to the same substrate without the coating, at least 0 transmittance for at least a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum of 400 to 800 nm. a step in an amount to increase 5% is applied to a substrate, the method comprising the steps of inducing crosslinking and / or polymerization in the mixture applied in b) the substrate. .BACKGROUND


Abstract The paper describes the multi-physics coupling scheme between the SKETCH-N nodal neutronics code and the best-estimate thermohydraulic code ATHLET v3.2. Some first results are discussed. Various possible options of coupling have been considered. A scheme is selected and applied for data exchange between the codes based on MPI library. The verification and validation were performed using the transient of the Kalinin-3 international Benchmark. The simulation results show good agreement with experimental data and calculations performed by the participants of the benchmark. Parallel to the coupling scheme development, a visualization system to process the results is being created. The steady-state analysis is carried out using both simple and complex thermohydraulic models. The calculations of the transient \Switch off of one MCP (Main Coolant Pump) at nominal power" is performed applying a more elaborate thermohydraulic model taking into account inter- channel mass transfer.


Demand forecasting is a wheel that propels the supply chain forward and the demand planner is the driver ... the demand planner must establish goals before obtaining a feedback from stakeholders in developing a process ... forecasting is a dynamic process that should be regularly reviewed for further improvement. Demand planners face many challenges. To understand their challenges, one must first understand what they do. Although demand planners perform many functions, the most important one is to forecast demand so that the supply chain runs smoothly and effectively. The other functions, which are secondary in nature, include co-ordination of long-term strategic business plans, surveillance of competitor activities and work on various market and sales projects. DEMAND PLANNING Demand planning and forecasting is like a hub of a wheel, anchoring and stabilizing the forces of the wheel. The spokes, radiating from the hub, consist of the informational tools necessary for generating good forecasts. These informational tools include input from various functions of the supply chain, industry data, data analysis and forecasting software. The rim of a tire, which is stabilized by the spokes, represents the stakeholders involved. They include sales, marketing, production and finance. Just as the hub of the wheel is connected to the rim via the spokes, the demand planning function is connected to various stakeholders using the informational tools available. This cross-functional linkage provides opportunities to work collaboratively and to develop accurate, consensus-based forecasts. Demand planning is the key driver of the supply chain. Without the knowledge of demand, manufacturing has very little on which to develop production and inventory plans while logistics in turn has limited information and resources to develop distribution plans for products among different warehouses and customers. Simply stated, demand forecasting is the wheel that propels the supply chain forward and demand planner is the driver of the forecasting process. CHALLENGES FACING DEMAND PLANNERS The challenges demand planners face range from external to internal issues, from organizational to logistical issues. Insufficient industry data and/or market indicators (external challenges) and lack of forecasting tools and/or management support (internal challenges) make it difficult to generate relevant forecasts. Lack of communication between the demand planners) and stakeholders, as well as among stakeholders further complicate the problem. Within the supply chain, very often the interaction among different operations is either non-existent or inconsistent. These communication deficiencies may very well be part of the overall culture. Physical separation of supply operations - one plant here and another plant somewhere else-further add to the problem. While these obstacles appear insurmountable, demand planners with determination and persistent efforts can effectively overcome them. …


Over the past few years, many universities are starting to set up the college Japanese course for undergraduate students. But many new situations and problems arise. So far, there has been relatively little research on these issues, not to mention research using an empirical approach. To address these issues and gain practical insights, this paper first collects the learning dataset of all first-year students taking a college Japanese course at a university. The program has a stable learning population, and a good research foundation that lasts for one year. Second, a clustering algorithm called KMeans was used to evaluate the student learning analysis. Specifically, we use the elbow technique to identify the Kvalues that work best. The empirical analysis showed that clusters performed best when the number of clusters was 2 which means students should be divided into two groups:the students evaluated as Good (49.43%), and the students evaluated as Fair (50.57%). In addition, we analyzed the learning performance of both groups and made practical suggestions for teaching. The findings of our study can provide a practical reference for higher education institutions and teaching staff.


Basing on the requirements for high capacity and reliability of WMN data transmission, as well as the advantages of global optimization and highly self-organization of ant colony algorithm, we propose a cross-layer routing protocol based on ant colony algorithm, which is load-sensing and efficient. The protocol regards the nodes queue and frame transmission utility as a parameter measuring link quality, which will help enlightening path searching for routing. The results show this protocol can guarantee the transmitting rate of data between nodes, reducing delay of data packets, to some extent, achieve congestion controlling and load balancing.


Holland S. K. (1971) Regional under-development in a developed economy: The Italian Case, Reg. Studies. 5, 71–90. The regional problem in Italy includes questions of industrialization strategy relevant to less developed countries as well as specifically regional and locational questions. The infrastructure and incentive policies pursued by the Government from 1950 have not significantly improved the share of the under-developed South in national per-capita income or employment. The region remains significantly under-represented not only in industry in general but particularly in manufacturing and "modern" manufacturing sectors. The working of the market mechanism within and between sectors as well as the interregional distribution of industrial location indicate that indirect policy measures such as infrastructural improvement and incentives need to be supplemented by locational controls in order to assure alignment of product and income levels.


Temperature measurements have been carried out on original gas turbines in the capacity range of 10 to 40 MW. These investigations are necessary in order to make available established parameters for the differentiated evaluation of component life in the high temperature range as well as during creep and thermal fatigue, i.e. during their interaction. This requires, on the one hand, the latest computation algorithms and, on the other hand, knowledge which is indispensable to the power station operator for the assessment of gas turbine operation. This, of course, proves true to a similar degree, for basic relationships in the emissions.


Entering the new century, our Party has put forward a grand goal to construct a well off society in all over China, the formation of which is sponsored by the inevitable result of interplay and interaction of all historical and contemporary factors instead of on the assumption. The paper argues on the following four aspects: the goal for which the Chinese people have struggled a long time, the proletarian nature of the Chinese Communist Party, the essence of socialism and the achievements which China has made in constructing socialism with Chinese characteristics at present.


Hyperphenylalaninemias (HPAs; OMIM 261600) are related to phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH; OMIM *612349) deficiency; a hepatic enzyme, and are characterized by moderate and/or high levels of the amino acid phenylalanine and reduction of tyrosine. High levels of phenylalanine and low of tyrosine characterize phenylketonuria (PKU; OMIM 261600) disease whereas moderately increased levels of phenylalanine and/or reduced or normal levels of tyrosine are usually


Holistic Medicine traces its provenance to the foundational value or chrism of the Society of Jesus of cura personalis which directs respect be given to all individuals and to their souls — especially whenever medical healing is required. Today, the notion of best patient care should include not merely attention to somatic issues of refractory pain management but, equally, to non-somatic or existential suffering. It is at the end-stage of life that palliative — as opposed to curative — care must be provided. When a condition is seen as medically futile, this Article advocates palliative or deep sedation — when consistent with patient values — should be accepted more fully as efficacious and humane end-of-life medical care. Roman Catholic moral theology supports the ideal that extraordinary medical measures need not be provided in order to preserve life at its endstage. The International Association of Catholic Bioethicists acknowledged in 2011 that holistic interventions — when appropriate and consistent with best patient care — should seek to address existential or spiritual suffering by sedation.


The sectors covered are fixed bed, fluidised bed and entrained bed gasification, underground gasification, and direct and indirect liquefaction. The Commission is aware of the necessity to support this crucial part of the energy strategy, especially at the present time when the pressure in the energy sector is dwindling.


0.05). The survival rate of patients with IL-18 levels ≥346 pg/ml (n=47 patients) was significantly worse compared with patients who had IL-18 levels


Aims: This study examined the effects of job insecurity and burnout on employee performance and work engagement as mediating variables at Mitsubishi Pontianak.
Study Design:  A quantitative approach was used to investigate this study, and as many as 233 respondents who met the required requirements participated.
Place and Duration of Study: The study took place at Pontianak, West Kalimantan with Mitsubishi Pontianak as a background study and was conducted between September 2022 and November 2022.
Methodology: The samples included a total of 233 respondents (80 men, 153 women; age range 20-50 years). The sample criteria in this study were all workers with active status without any minimum years of service and age requirements. Researchers used AMOS 24 software and structural equation modeling (SEM) to process the data.
Results: The t-score value of job insecurity on employee performance is -3.630, which is greater than the t-table value (1.96) and the p-value shows a number below 0.001, less than 0.05 (α = 0.05). These results indicate that job insecurity has a statistically significant negative relationship with employee performance. The test also showed that there is a negative relationship between burnout and employee performance. It proved by the t-score of burnout indicates this on employee performance of -2.234 and a p-value of less than 0.05, which is 0.25. Job insecurity and burnout have a negative indirect influence on employee performance via job engagement.
Conclusion: This research found that job insecurity and burnout significantly influenced employee performance at Mitsubishi Pontianak. That indicates job insecurity and burnout were statistically significant factors influencing employee performance. Work engagement serves as a mediator, indirectly strengthening the impact of job insecurity and burnout on employee performance.


Employability is a major concern in India along with poverty, economy, education, pollution, and population growth. To combat the concern, each higher education institution in India is striving hard to comply with the nuances of the market. To enhance the employability of job seekers, it is essential to address certain factors that contribute to their increased employability. This study has identified twelve such variables from the extant literature. Thereafter, the data has been collected from Institutions preferably imparting professional education on the twelve identified variables and the dependent variable, employability. Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Naïve Bayes as classification techniques of data mining have been adopted in this study to predict the employability of job seekers. These classification techniques were used and the highest accuracy of 0.97 with Area under ROC was 0.99 received using Random Forest. The accuracy levels and AUC of all the classification techniques are very high, it means these twelve variables have substantial role in classification of the dependent variable, employability. The top seven variables Domain Knowledge, Problem Solving, Computer Skills, General Awareness, Teamwork, Analytical Thinking and Creativity play important roles in classification of employability. Therefore, the management institutes should focus on these variables to enhance the employability of the students. The future scope of this study can be used for other professional programs like MCA, Engineering, Diploma etc.


The principle of the molecular absorption spectra in the near-infrared spectroscopy(NIR)and ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy(UV-VIS)characteristics of technology as well as the Status of applications on the evaluation of meat quality,looking forward to the prospect of its research and development.


MIMO combined with OFDM provides high throughput and system capacity. MIMO OFDM radically improves spectrum efficiency and system reliability for 4G technology. The system offers high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). In order to reduce high PAPR, we implement one of the scrambling techniques namely Partial transmit sequence (PTS). The proposed algorithm provides better PAPR reduction which can be verified by simulation results.


The publication describes the use of fiber-optic Bragg sensors in biomedical applications. Fiber-optic sensors are characterized by the immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and by the electrical passivity. Currently, these types of sensors are increasingly being used in biomedical applications, for example, for measuring the temperature or the heart and respiratory rate of the human body. It is very important to encapsulate these types of sensors because encapsulation itself has a major effect on the sensor functionality. This publication describes a comparison of two materials - polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and fiberglass (fiberglass is a composite material made up of glass fiber (fabric) and cured synthetic resin). The comparison was conducted by a series of laboratory experiments with ten volunteers with their written consent. Acquired data were compared by the Bland-Altman method.


The proteins of honey from south-eastern Anatolia were identified by sodium dodecyl suifate-polyacrylamid gel electropheresis (SDS-PAGE). It was found 12 protein bands in various honey samples. The molecular weights of these proteins were determined approximately between 22,000 and 75,000. Also, determined in the honey samples were hydroxymethylfurfural, diastase number, invert sugar, sucrose, proline, moisture, free acid, pH, lactone and ash.


In this paper, we have done dynamic performance of SVPWM controlled diode clamped and flying capacitor multilevel converters. These converters show the better dynamic performances. The different cases of load disturbances are analyzed like fixed load, increase and decrease in load. The analysis is also performed for source perturbation like Increase & decrease in source voltage. The proposed multilevel converters work here as AC-DC converter at constant frequency of supply and boost up in output voltage without use of transformer. Due to power electronic switches used in conversion process vulnerability of power system is increased and results in different power quality issues power factor, Harmonics injection in supply and reactive power compensation. But both of the converters are showing more resiliencies to such impacts. The simulation results of converters are attentive about power factor very close to unity and harmonics in specified limits. Thus converters used in this paper perform transformer less boosting, conversion and less vulnerability to power quality.


Multi-component products employ multiple devices and services to support users' tasks. In order to design for good user experience (UX) for such products, designers need to gain feedback on how the different components contribute to the overall UX. In this study, we evaluated the long-term UX of a multi-component product from the sports domain over an eight-week period. The goal is to identify the UX factors of the overall UX evaluation of the multi-component product. The results show that the number of negative experiences related to the main component has the greatest effect on the overall evaluation of the multi-component product compared to the other components. Positive experience items were mostly related to utility and satisfaction, whereas negative experience items were mostly related to ineffectiveness, dissatisfaction, and missing functionalities. After the initial learning phase, the need for new functionalities increased over time.


This paper investigates the influence of construction parameters on the properties and performance of dense graded bituminous mix. Construction and process control parameters such as bitumen content, air voids content and compaction in bituminous concrete mix were varied and their influence on pavement performance were ascertained.In this study Bituminous concrete and Dense Bituminous Macadam were selected to effectively represent both the wearing course and binder course as these two mixes are popularly used in National Highway projects in India. The samples were prepared according to Marshall mix design method. Marshall Test was performed at optimum binder content and under varying number of compaction to identify the influence of density/varying air voids on Marshall stability, flow value and volumetric properties of mixes. Indirect tensile strength test (ITS) was performed to estimate the properties of the bituminous mixes and to ascertain their potential for rutting and cracking. The main factors considered were bitumen binder content, varying compaction effort and percent air voids. Wheel tracking tests were performed to study the influence of the above mentioned parameters on rut susceptibility of bituminous mixes. Binder characterization was carried out by traditional as well as through dynamic mechanical analysis. Relationship was developed between bitumen content, air voids and indirect tensile strength of the bituminous mixes.Finally, influence of these properties on pavement performance by estimating fatigue and rutting performance of pavements was estimated using the mechanistic empirical pavement design guide.


In the context of Bologna Process, the usual methods of evaluation have been adapted to obtain a better assessment of the acquisition of students' skills. This is one of the key issues in the case of engineering degrees, which involves the transformation of the traditional evaluation systems into continuous evaluation systems. This work has been developed in a mechanical engineering degree which is offered at a university center within a military context. The implementation of the new curriculum has raised serious doubts about its adequacy, since it is the first time that midshipmen must obtain a degree in engineering to be officers of the Navy. We pretend to get a smooth implementation of the new curriculum, trying to avoid students' failure. We show the teaching methods and the assessment techniques used to get it. We present the results obtained in subjects offered at the first year of the degree. The influence of continuous evaluation system on quality of learning process has been analyzed. If the teaching methodology is the proper one, an effective evaluation system could help to prevent the failure of the education system. An evaluation system based on continuous assessment should contribute to a good quality of learning.


It is not an easy task to characterize most of the so-called "writing prophets'" of the OT. To learn something about a man's characteristics, his likes and dislikes, his emotional struggles, his spiritual qualities, his relationships with his family, and so forth, requires a certain minimum amount of biographical details, recorded either by the man himself or by one of his friends or disciples. Such details are plentiful for men like Abraham, Jacob, Joseph, Samuel, or David, so that we have no particular difficulty in evaluating their personalities with some degree of confidence. But when we begin thinking about the lives of men like Isaiah, Ezekiel, Joel, Habakkuk, or Zechariah, the number of biographical details suddenly shrinks considerably by comparison. And yet we would have to confess that Isaiah and Joel and Zechariah were fully as great in their own spheres as Abraham and Joseph and David were in theirs. In fact, if we only knew something of the personal experiences and inner struggles of the writing prophets, I am sure that we would discover incidents and events just as glamorous and exciting as those in the lives of their more famous predecessors. The matter boils down to this: in the case of the writing prophets the message, rather than the man, is the important thing. Isaiah and Joel and Zechariah and the rest of the canonical prophets spoke the words of God as they, the prophets, were carried along by the Holy Spirit to pronounce God's blessing on the righteous and his judgment against sinners. In any theatrical production "the play's the thing,'" and whenever one of the actors or actresses tries to upstage another


Olivine LiFePO4 cathode materials were synthesized by a solid state method in an inert atmosphere. The thermal decomposition processes taking place in the solid state mixture of Li2CO3, FeC2O4·2H2O, and NH4H2PO4 were investigated using TG-DTA and XRD techniques. The dynamic study of the precursor was also investigated using TG-DTA at different heating rates. The decomposition proceeded through three well-defined steps while TG curves closely corresponded to the theoretical mass loss. The apparent activation energy of each stage was calculated using the Doyle-Ozawa and Kissinger methods. The calculated results were 134.3, 122.2, 173.2 kJ·mol-1 for Ozawa method and 102.4, 128.1, 145.3 kJ·mol-1 for Kissinger method. The coefficients of reaction order, frequency factor, and dynamic equations were also determined. Based on the results of the dynamic study, the cathode material LiFePO4 was synthesized by optimized step-sintering method. The crystal structure and the electrochemical performance were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scan electron microscopy (SEM), and galvanostatical charge-discharge testing. The results showed that the material had a single crystal olivine structure with homogeneous grain sizes, and exhibited excellent electrochemical performance at 0.1C rate.


It's been said that the best-laid plans of mice and men often go awry. Enter: today's project managers and project management offices (PMO). Individuals and teams alike, however educated and capable can't always proactively forecast where a project and its team members could run amok. While there's still no panacea that can resolve all the problems a project may encounter, there are strategies that equip an organization's PMO to combat them. The strength of these strategies rests in an organization's human resources—its employees—to create tools, processes and governance procedures to handle evolving threats while also exploiting emerging opportunities. Who composes this team? Ideally three to five people with experience in tool development, business process knowledge and project management. Each person's particular knowledge, when managed properly and proactively, can contribute a specific layer of project management insight so that reactive project management becomes a thing of the past.


On the basis of field survey, this paper analyzed engineering geological characteristics of a highway slope located in Tianshan mountain. Moreover, combined with the intensive freeze-thaw effect characteristics in high altitude and high seismic intensity areas, the discontinuous deformation analysis program was applied to simulate the whole process of slope deformation and failure vividly on the basis of introducing the freezing and thawing reduced coefficient. For the time being, the solpe selected is in the state of time-dependent deformation stage, the main deformation and failure phenomena are lacated in shallow surface. The simulated results indicated that the slope selected was in steady state at natural condition, whereas, the slope tends to generate slip-style collapse on shallow surface in seismic condition and seismic plus freeze-thaw effect condition. According to the above analysis, this paper comes up with a comprehensive control measure which combines clearing rocks on the surface with inserting steel bar in the rock mass.


This paper presents several normalization techniques used in handwritten numeral recognition and their impact on recognition rates. Experiments with five different feature vectors based on geometric invariants, Zernike moments and gradient features are conducted. The recognition rates obtained using combination of these methods with gradient features and the SVM-rbf classifier are comparable to the best state-of-art techniques.


The present invention relates to a serial stream of variable order multiplier-accumulator, comprising a set of multipliers for performing multiplication of the two input operation data, and outputs the multiplication result; three adders, a first group of adders to perform multiplication result accumulation, the second and third groups on the result of the first adder group of adders sequentially adding pipeline stages after the end of accumulation, thus ensuring a first set of adders can continue processing data for the next stage; corresponding control circuitry for additional control logic and control signals, eliminating the need for end-zero-padding operation algorithm. Beneficial effects: variable factorial achieve the accumulator of the present invention provided such that when the end-zero-padding operation can be omitted and unnecessary operation of the algorithm of the multiply-accumulate generated, to thereby obtain performance close to the theoretical estimation.


Summary

Water samples collected weekly from the rivers Yare, Tud, Wensum and Tas in Norfolk, England, displayed marked depletions in the spring and summer of the concentration of dissolved silicon. These were unconnected with any hydrological event and were assumed to be due to the assimilation of silicon by diatoms. Equilibrium concentrations were maintained in the Yare and Tud during the weeks prior to and following the spring bloom. It was estimated that 35 Mg (51%) of the predicted load were removed from the Yare during the 11 weeks of this depletion and 6-0 Mg (45%) from the Tud. The lowest observed concentration (0-4 mg/l) occurred during the first week in May when over 90% of the silicon had been removed. However, the maximum amount of removal and hence maximum diatom productivity occurred earlier at a time of higher water discharge. A similar pattern was observed in the Yare during the spring of 1971. Two small blooms occurred later in the summer of 1970 in the Yare and Tud. It was estimated that 15% ofthe Yare's dissolved silicon load of 263 Mg was in the assimilated form and 12-5%of the Tud's output of 56-6 Mg. The weathering of silicate minerals was probably the source of almost all the silicon and the outputs represented a silicon erosion rate of 1-15 Mg/km2/year for the Yare and 0-77 Mg/kmVyear for the Tud.


This study discusses the researchers' experiences with regard to the use of sustainable materials (waste materials and recycling materials) as internal curing materials during the development process for high-performance concrete (HPC). Generally, the use of waste materials as internal curing materials to enhance interior curing reduces the self-desiccation that occurs in cement paste concrete and can thus reduce the risks of the cracks that may develop as a result of modern concrete hardening. This research also examines high-performance concrete behaviours, including characteristics such as density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength to examine internal curing efficiency. This appears to be more effective with age progression in terms of compressive strength and splitting tensile strength. The results of the research show that the use of waste materials as internal curing agents not only enhances the properties of concrete but also offers a renewable method for reducing the amount of waste globally.


Based on the action of ultrasonic-electrodepositing,the technique of preparating nanocermet(Ni-SiC) composite layer on the surface of metal substrates was studied.The influence of ultrasonic waves on the content and distribution of nano ceramic particles in layer,the influence of ultrasonic waves on the sizes of nickel grains,and the relationship between the content of nano particles in electrolyte and in layer had been studied by experiments.By organically combining ultrasonic technology and electrodepositing technology,the nanocermet layers consisting of nanocrystalline nickel(≤50nm) and ceramic particles SiC can be obtained on surface of common metals.


The problem of deviant sexual behavior in men's prisons has not received the attention it deserves. Administrators, academi cians, and the public are reluctant to take effective measures to investigate and cope with it.


Significance After a rapid expansion of primary school enrollment rates in many developing countries starting around 2000, progress toward development goals was widely acknowledged. However, the comprehensive focus on tested literacy skills presented in this paper shows that, in many countries, this expansion in quantity came at the expense of quality. Given the overriding importance of skilled human capital in modern knowledge societies, this is a worrisome trend with the possible negative implications of the current COVID-19 crisis on schooling possibly exacerbating the situation. Human capital, broadly defined as the skills acquired through formal education, is acknowledged as one of the key drivers of economic growth and social development. However, its measurement for the working-age populations, on a global scale and over time, is still unsatisfactory. Most indicators either only consider the quantity dimension of education and disregard the actual skills or are demographically inconsistent by applying the skills of the young cohorts in school to represent the skills of the working-age population at the same time. In the case of rapidly expanding or changing school systems, this assumption is untenable. However, an increasing number of countries have started to assess the literacy skills of their adult populations by age and sex directly. Drawing on this literacy data, and by using demographic backprojection and statistical estimation techniques, we here present a demographically consistent indicator for adult literacy skills, the skills in literacy adjusted mean years of schooling (SLAMYS). The measure is given for the population aged 20 to 64 in 185 countries and for the period 1970 to 2015. Compared to the conventional mean years of schooling (MYS)—which has strongly increased for most countries over the past decades, and in particular among poor countries—the trends in SLAMYS exhibit a widening global skills gap between low- and high-performing countries.


United States Geological Survey, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Chief Scientists: Debbie Hutchinson, G.M. Purdy. Data (navigation) of field activity 89032 (N-2-89-BZ) in Massachusetts Buzzards Bay from 11/06/1989 to 11/06/1989, http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/n/n289bz/html/n-2-89-bz.meta.html.


Interleukin‐35 (IL‐35), a member of the IL‐12 family, functions as a new anti‐inflammatory factor involved in arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other immune diseases. Although IL‐35 can significantly prevent the development of inflammation in many diseases, there have been no early studies accounting for the role of IL‐35 recombinant protein in IBD and psoriasis. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic potential of IL‐35 recombinant protein in three well‐known mouse models: the dextransulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis mouse model, the keratin14 (K14)‐vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A)‐transgenic (Tg) psoriasis mouse model and the imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis mouse model. Our results indicated that IL‐35 recombinant protein can slow down the pathologic process in DSS‐induced acute colitis mouse model by decreasing the infiltrations of macrophages, CD4+T and CD8+T cells and by promoting the infiltration of Treg cells. Further analysis demonstrated that IL‐35 recombinant protein may regulate inflammation through promoting the secretion of IL‐10 and inhibiting the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐17 in acute colitis model. In addition, lower dose of IL‐35 recombinant protein could achieve long‐term treatment effects as TNF‐α monoclonal antibody did in the psoriasis mouse. In summary, the remarkable therapeutic effects of IL‐35 recombinant protein in acute colitis and psoriasis mouse models indicated that IL‐35 recombinant protein had a variety of anti‐inflammatory effects and was expected to become an effective candidate drug for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.


OBJECTIVE To observe the effectiveness of early intervention and outcomes influence on gestational diabetes(GDM). METHODS A total of 120 cases of patients were randomly divided into GDM intervention group and the 120 patients without intervention group,both groups using diet control and the necessary nursing. RESULTS Two groups of induced labor art and cesarean section rate comparative differences was statistically significant(P0.05),intervention group preeclamia the incidence of disease and proteinuria obviously lower than the difference,without intervention group was statistically significant(P0.05).Intervention group weight increased significantly.Two groups of fetal malformation and respiratory distress incidence comparative differences was statistically significant(P0.05),intervention group huge son,icteric disease,premature significantly lower incidence of intervention group,not a statistically significant difference(P0.05).Intervention group did not significantly higher incidence of hypoglycemia intervention group(P0.05). CONCLUSION Gestational diabetes early adopters interventions can obviously improve insulin and outcomes,but should be vigilant the weight gain and hypoglycemia events to appear.


Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) are Infrastructure less networks where self-configuring mobile nodes are connected by wireless links. In MANET, each node in a network performs as both a transmitter and a receiver. They rely on each other to store and forward packets. Due to inherent characteristics like decentralization, self configuring, self -organizing networks, they can be deployed easily without need of expensive infrastructure and have wide range of military to civilian and commercial applications. But wireless medium, dynamically changing topology, limited battery and lack of centralized control in MANETs, make them vulnerable to various types of attacks. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is required to detect the malicious attackers before they can accomplish any significant damages to the network. This paper focus on problem of misbehaving nodes in MANETs which is based on Dynamic source routing. As well as for above said problem this papers point out pros and cons of various responses based techniques. KeywordsMANET; Misbehaving nodes; DSR; Selfish nodes; forged acknowledgement


The present invention discloses a pinhead subassembly with pinhead shielding piece. The shielding piece includes: tube cavity, which can slide on the pinhead; holding machine; and pinhead blockage, which enter the tube cavity at least partly so as to block the pinhead from sliding far away. A spring presses the blockage towards the pinhead axes with certain angle. The pinhead is blocked by a limiter moving to near end relative to the blockage, the limiter is fixed with the mode of discontinuous part (the discontinuous part contacts the shielding piece) on the pinhead, tether or contacting pinhead hub cover. When the pinhead shielding piece moves to the shielding position from the non shielding position, the pinhead blockage enters the tube cavity partly at least. The pinhead blockage is restricted at the shielding position in radial direction and axial direction. The holding machine also can prevent the blockage from moving in radial, vertical and cycle direction. In one embodyment instance, the pinhead blockage is a small ball. The canal adapter and tube can be habited in the pinhead. The pinhead blockage also can lock the canal adapter on the pinhead shielding piece, so as to ensure the canal adapter be released only when the pinhead has been shielded.


The evolution of gasdynamical flow perturbations is analyzed using a direct numerical simulations of the dynamics of viscous compressible gas. The study is based on the example of the forced axisymmetric flows in a chamber under a moving piston. The correlation analysis is applied to the set of identical calculations whose initial conditions were perturbed with a random velocity field of small amplitude. Obtained patterns of the perturbations evolution in the forced flow are compared with those obtained for the perturbations evolution inside twoand threedimensional closed volumes. INTRODUCTION The studies of perturbations evolution and turbulence origins in the gas flows remain relevant for a decades. Studying the features of the dynamical processes can provide an information on the turbulent flows classification and their roles in these processes. Thus a developed phase of turbulence corresponds to the homogeneous isotropic turbulence for which there are no structure formation of the perturbations by definition. At the same time the dynamics of axisymmetric turbulence [1, 2] on the stage previous to the isotropic does not contradict to the formation of sustained connections between perturbations. This paper is devoted to reveal and analyze the emergence and evolution of such connections. The study is based on the example of the axisymmetric flow in a chamber under a moving piston and carried out using a direct numerical simulations. There are two main approaches for studying complex gasdynamical flows: spectral and correlation. The first one allows to track evolution of the spatial structures of the flow, the second one allows to identify the interconnections between perturbations and their synchronization which give a clear pattern of the structure formation in the flow field. In the present paper for analysis of the gasdynamical perturbations field we chose a correlation approach which has an additional advantage in this case allowing to obtain and compare results on the different spatial scales (the scale along the axis is changing while the piston is moving). To assess the validity of the carried analysis the numerical simulations represents a setup of the experiment by Breuer, Oberlack and Peters [3]. EXPERIMENTS ON AXISYMMETRIC TURBULENCE AND PROBLEM SETUP In [3] a set of experimental data was statistically analyzed to study statistical characteristics of the axisymmetric turbulence. The set of experimental data represents a set of measurements of the flow field using particle image velocimetry (PIV) during the consecutive compression strokes in the cylindric chamber with engine speed of 2000rpm. Measurements were carried out in a 1.6L four cylinder engine filed with air. Instantaneous velocity fluctuations, correlation parameters and integral statistical values were calculated using the instantaneous flow field and the flow field averaged over the set of compression strokes. In axisymmetric coordinate system the equations for the integral statistical values are as follows:          dV v 2 1 v V 1 K z 2 r (1) dm dl m l l ) m , l ( R K 4 3 Λ 2 2 αα αα       (2)


Dual-frequency sub-Doppler spectroscopy (DF SDS) in vapor cells allows the detection of enhanced-absorption natural-line-width resonances.We investigate here the application of this spectroscopy technique into a Cs micro-fabricated cell. The dependence of the sub-Doppler resonance on the laser intensity is described. The influence of the cell temperature and the retroreflection mirror position was also studied. A preliminary laser beat-note between two 894 nm lasers, each stabilized using DF SDS, demonstrates an Allan deviation lower than 2 × 10-12 at 1 s and at the level of 10-12 at 102. Main contributions to the short-term and mid-term stability budget are under study. Latest results will be reported at the conference.


BACKGROUND
Immediate outcomes after pancreatic necrosectomy have improved in recent years. This study reviews our short-term to medium-term experience of structural and functional changes in the pancreas after necrosectomy.

METHODS
Ten patients (8 males, median age 35 years), discharged after pancreatic necrosectomy for acute necrotizing pancreatitis between 1996 and 1998 were reviewed after a median period of 22 months. Clinical evidence of pancreatic dysfunction was documented at follow-up interview. Patients underwent computed tomography of the abdomen, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, oral glucose tolerance test, fecal fat estimation and fasting serum C-peptide estimation (CPE).

RESULTS
No patient had repeat episodes of pancreatitis during the follow-up period. Three patients developed de-novo diabetes after discharge. No patient had symptoms of steatorrhea. Five patients showed severe changes on CECT. ERCP showed marked changes in six patients, the commonest being an abrupt cut-off of the main pancreatic duct. Glucose tolerance was abnormal in three patients and impaired in two patients while fecal fat excretion was abnormal in 8 patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Severe acute pancreatitis and necrosectomy are associated with significant structural and functional changes on medium-term follow-up.


Part 1 Plenary paper: robust model-based fault diagnosis - the state of the art, R.J. Patton. Part 2 Model-based diagnosis I: a new fault diagnosis approach in stochastic linear systems, J.Y. Keller et al. Part 3 Model-based diagnosis II: simultaneous detection, location and identification of faults for dynamic systems, G. Bloch et al. Part 4 Model-based diagnosis III: continuous and discrete time identification for fault detection, Sprosser and G.L. Gissinger. Part 5 Applications - power plants I: statistical diagnostics - a new integrating tool for man-machine interfaces, E.A. Averbukh et al. Part 6 Applications - power plants II: long-term wear monitoring and wear prediction by means of wear models, P. Neuenschwander et al. Part 7 Applications - chemical plants: fault detection of large parameter changes in a wastewater plant, M.J. Fuente et al. Part 8 Reliability and safety analysis I: communicating the safety aspects of industrial plants, K. Kaarela and J. Oksanen. Part 9 Reliability and safety analysis II: developments in reliability data collection and analysis, J.K. Vaurio. Part 10 Robust methods: robust fault detection and isolation in nonlinear systems, A. Zhirabok and O. Preobrazhenska. Part 11 Plenary paper: safety of nuclear power - who learns from whom?, B. Wahlstrom et al. Part 12 Model based diagnosis IV: holistic modelling as a tool for the diagnosis of critical complex systems, H.G. Natke and C. Cempel. Part 13 Model based diagnosis V: fault detection for sequentially controlled machines using temporal constraint nets, M. Minas. Part 14 Fuzzy and knowledge based methods: causal graphs for model-based diagnosis, J. Montmain and L. Leyval. Part 15 Applications - combustion engines: fuzzy classification of internal combustion engine faults based on neural network, Hua Deng et al. Part 16 Special case paper: model-based diagnosis of automotive engines - case study on a physical vehicle, J. Gertler and M. Costin. Part 17 Applications - components I: a low cost tool for diagnosis of antifriction bearings, A. Seeliger et al. Part 18 Applications - components II: sensor fault detection and isolation on a pilot heat exchanger, X. Simonart and M. Kinnaert. Part 19 Benchmark: diesel engine actuator fault isolation using multiple models hypothesis tests, S.B. Nielsen. Part 20 Special case paper: application of fuzzy logic to process supervision and fault diagnosis, P.M. Frank. Part 21 Comparison of diagnosis methods: detection of addictive and multiplicative faults - parity space vs. parameter estimation, Hofling and Pfeufer. Part 22 Case - inverted pendulum: fault detection and isolation in mechanical systems using adaptive friction compensation, D. Sauter et al. Part 23 Plenary paper: integration of fault detection and diagnosis methods, R. Isermann. Part 24 Neural networks: using neural networks in nuclear power plants for state diagnosis, J.P. Bonfert. Part contents).


Carbon adsorbents were obtained by the modification of industrial adsorbents with petroleum residues and products of their processing. Our investigations allowed us to select samples having the highest selectivity coefficients when extracting gold (11.6-12.0%) and silver (1.09-2.30%) from multicomponent polymetal solutions, and also establish the maximum sorptivity (5.74 mg per g) in the extraction of arsenic.


America says much less about America than the first and, instead, speculates in more theoretical terms about the positive and negative implications of democracy for his own country. Brogan fails to develop a consistent and clear position on the enduring debate over the two volumes: whether they constitute a cohesive work (pp. 345– 46) or whether they are sufficiently different in mood and texture as to be discrete and separable undertakings, deeply affected by events and new impressions that arose between 1835 and 1840 (p. 358). Although Tocqueville's chef d'oeuvre was very warmly received in the United States (promptly translated upon publication), the author's primary audience consisted of his countrymen, and his analysis never lost sight of what might and might not work in France. Readers of NEQ may be pleased to know, however, that Tocqueville viewed Boston as the most civilized city in the U.S.—a place where many people seemed to speak French, where manners were almost worthy of the European elite, and where the most elevated conversation in America could be found (pp. 180–81). Ultimately, Tocqueville comes across in Brogan's book as increasingly a conservative romantic who could only write when his feelings and views about a subject were deeply engaged. His lack of success as a participant in French politics seems deeply ironic because what he admired most about public life in the United States was its decentralization and, hence, the necessity and viability of citizen participation in public affairs. I think that Tocqueville would be startled and somewhat disappointed if he could revisit this country today or peruse a copy of Robert Putnam's influential book Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community.


The effects of impinging ramp shocks on a two-dimensional viscous inlet cowl of the National Aerospace Plane (NASP) or blunt body flow fields for various impingement locations are numerically simulated by a recently developed second-order implicit total variation diminishing (TVD) algorithm. The results demonstrate that accurate computation of heat transfer rate is crucially dependent on adequate normal grid resolution at the wall. The various numerical results are compared with recent experimental data. Due to the complex flow patterns that occur for the shock-on-shock flows, adaptive grid procedures are utilized.


Isaac Newton's main work, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, published in 1686, is (as stated in its first American edition) a revolution from the thick darkness of the Middle Ages man's struggling spirit... to the investigation of physical and moral truth. It opened up to the human intellect the stupendous realities of the material world. It is a monument, which glows with the immortality of the transcendent mind ... a true creation of genius, in time and beyond time, forever. In this famous work, Newton not only laid the basis for mechanics and developed the theory of gravitation but also formulated a set of rules of scientific reasoning listed in the sidebar. Rules had also been formulated earlier (and, in fact, can be traced back to Aristotle's), but Newton's rules are stricter and clearer than all previous ones and aim directly at science (instead of theology). His rules replaced the former way of thinking, which was burdened by antiquated prejudices and theological dogma and which lacked clear principles and strength of consequences. Remarkably, Newton's rules have remained valid over the centuries, and our modern scientific world would be unthinkable without them. Nevertheless, this foundation is not generally taught in schools, and not all scientists and engineers are aware of its outstanding importance. Therefore, Newton's rules are listed in the sidebar on the next page and discussed here in a more modern way with some personal comments and examples. Ethical and moral aspects (such as truthful reporting, fair citing, and avoiding rashly sensational reports) are not discussed here and are taken for granted.


Using the entity is hosted on a mobile station is a system and method for selectively providing portions of the infrastructure information to the one or more other applications hosted on mobile station is disclosed.


The focus of office automation will be on structuring the activities of people and the information that these people use. Office work station networks will emerge in both large and small companies in the 1980-1990 era. Multiple micro processor terminals and other peripherals will be important components of these networks. The speakers in this session will address various considerations of these future networks.


In this paper, we introduce a new method for the rough alignment of point-clouds. We focus on a special type of point-clouds that is composed of simple geometric shapes like planes, cylinders, cones, etc. We call them 3D CAD point clouds. They are usually used in industrial and mechanical applications. The proposed method starts by detecting basic shapes in the point-clouds. And then using them to find the best transformation (rotation and translation) that aligns the point- clouds. Then, we run the fine alignment step using the iterative closest point method (ICP). We show several real-world examples of point-clouds before and after the alignment using this method. The results suggest that the proposed method works well in most cases given enough overlap between the point-clouds.


Objective:To study the value of multi-slice spiral CT angiography(MSCTA)in designing the personalized surgical plan for large meningioma.Methods:146 patients with meningioma(diameter greater than 5cm)were examined with MSCTA preoperatively.All patients were designed the personalized surgical plan preoperatively according to the MSCTA,including surgical approach,surgical procedures,total cut and preoperative embolization or not,then evaluate the rationality of operation scheme by the intraoperative findings.Results:MSCTA showed impediment of operative window by important intracranical artery in 19 cases,and chages of conventional approach was decided.The surgical planning was changed due to wide base of tumor or if was difficult to expose the distal part of tumor in 50 cases.MSCTA showed invasion of optic nerve or brain stem so there was high risk for total resection in 35 cases,and subtotal resection and radiotherapy was planned.In 14 cases of invasion of cerebral sinus,a total resection of the tumor and cerebral sinus was planned.In 42 cases of rich vascular supplying of the tumor,apreoperative embolization of external carotic artery was performed.The intraoperative findings were highly consistant with simulation images.There was adequate exposure of the tumor during the operation,the injury of important nerve and vessels and sinus were avoided.The degree of tumor resection was ideal.There was significant reduction of postoperative complication.Conclusion:MSCTA simulation of surgical procedures can provide better understanding of intraoperative condition,correct evaluation of rationality and risk of surgical plan,and then development of an optional treatment options.


The present paper, which is a continuation of our earlier work in Annali di Mathematica (1) and Journal Math. Seminar (2) (EE6EPIA), University of Athens, Greece, deals with the problem of determining sufficiency conditions for the non- vanishing of generalized polars (with a vanishing or nonvanishing weight) of the product of abstract homogeneous polynomials in the general case when the factor polynomials have been preassigned independent locations for their respective null- sets. Our main theorems here fully answer this general problem and include in them, as special cases, all the results on the topic known to date and established by Khan, Marden and Zaheer (see Pacific J. Math. 74 (1978), 2, pp. 535-557, and the papers cited above). Besides, one of the main theorems leads to an improved version of Marden's general theorem on critical points of rational functions of the form flf2"''fp/fp+l'''fq f'l being complex-valued polynomials of degree n..1


This paper is a first attempt to map the contributions of Social Ecological Economics (SEE) to research on transformation of society and economy to a radical alternative from the present capitalist systems. The paper reviews the literature on SEE in terms of approaches to and research perspectives on the concept of social transformation. We use the term transformation as indicating a major and substantive re-formation of structure and conduct in society, rather than a transit to an slightly different order (i.e. transition). The paper is based on part of a report for a project called "TRAFOREVIEW" funded under the 2011 Joint Programming Initiative in the area of climate change research (JPI Climate 2011). The TRAFOREVIEW had pre-defined subject areas: ontology, epistemology, drivers, objects, means and actors. In the current context we focus on the objects, subjects and means for transformation as discussed implicitly or explicitly by the field of SEE. SEE is the more progressive aspect of ecological economics that most closely corresponds to degrowth. A series of recent articles have discussed the problems, internal fights and divisions in ecological economics (Spash 2011; 2013a; Spash and Ryan 2012). These divisions have categories that can be seen more generally in the environmental movement. They consist of three main camps: new resource economists (orthodox neoclassical), new environmental pragmatists (atheoretical), and social ecological economists (vanguard). There is then a broad split between a deep and shallow approach to ecological economics (Spash 2013b). A fundamental position in SEE is that environmental problems can only satisfactorily be addressed through a combined understanding of the natural and social sciences and that policy implementation requires engagement with non-scientists and lay knowledge. Both interdisciplinary and strong transdisciplinary means to inclusion and integration of knowledge have been deemed important in SEE. However, claims of transdisciplinarity have often been superficial rather than substantive. What comes out of this approach is a need to accept the reality of biophysical limits but also to look at these within the context of societal and economic structures. Why we confront limits is not answered by simply pointing at them and claiming absolute sanctions must be imposed. The SEE critique then employs both knowledge of biophysical reality (e.g., entropy laws) and calls upon awareness of the structural socio-economic causes of our current predicament. SEE describes a multitude of systemic drivers that make change inevitable and directing that change desirable. As set out in the 1972 limits to growth scenario analysis, a combination of factors drive exponential growth leading to a critical failure and collapse of the current system (Meadows et al. 1972). Today the main drivers typically cited are: population growth, resource peaks, resource extraction beyond renewal rates and pollution. SEE has focussed largely on material and energy use as drivers of change and related these to intensive consumerism, the spread of hedonism as the ultimate lifestyle and the role of market institutions in spreading and maintaining such values (Spash 2009). The biophysical ontology of SEE explains why the current system cannot persist and sustained economic growth, as encapsulated in economic theory, is an unattainable utopian vision. Addressing the divorce between economic systems and the reality of biophysical constraints requires a radical transformation of the present social and economic system. The basic critique from SEE is at the systems level. Thus what needs to change is the structure of interactions between the economy and the environment. However, there is not an exclusive focus on structure as opposed to agency (Vatn 2005). Individual actors, as part of the system, also need to change their behaviour. Thus the mass consumption lifestyle that has been advocated in Western style democracies, and has now spread to other countries, is regarded as highly problematic. This lifestyle needs to change in order to address the energy and material throughput of the system as well as the obsession with hedonism as opposed to other human goals. The critique here has been developing strongly within the degrowth community which is closely associated with SEE in Europe. For example, this has raised ideas of sufficiency and frugality (not austerity) (Alexander 2013; Latouche 2009), which could be linked to SEE concerns over needs (Max-Neef 1992; Rauschmayer et al. 2011). This short introduction and overview will briefly sketch out several of the key points about how SEE views the challenges of transformation.


The expression profiles of rice (Oryza sativa) near isogenic line (NIL) Zhongzao 14R (resistance) and Zhongzao 9S (susceptible) in response to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oyzae (Xoo) were studied using cDNA microarray containing 2200 expression sequence tags (ESTs) and ~(33)P hybridization. Results showed that the expression of 315 genes were u-regulated while 176 genes down-regulated among the valid data of 1336 genes after induced for 3 H with Xoo at 4-leaves stage. Further studies of the 78 induced genes with known functions indicated that the changes of gene expression pattern not only reflected coordinating gene regulation in plant defense but also showed the basic model of plant in response to pathogen attack. Some genes never reported to related to the plant defense response while induced by Xoo were reported here by microarray analysis. Novel genes induced by Xoo were also found by using this high-throughput cDNA microarray method.


Stimulated by Ross MacKinnon's WP-75-22, "A First Attempt to Combine Interregional Migration and Spatial Diffusion Models," this working paper briefly notes some striking analogies between one view of regional development problems and an extensive literature of models in epidemiology and chemical engineering. It is intended as a stage in continuing discussion and exploration of modeling approaches, and is, therefore, deliberately open-ended and somewhat speculative.


The purpose of this study was to (a) compare pressure pain threshold (PPT) values between office workers with chronic neck pain and asymptomatic controls; (b) establish reference PPT values in chronic neck pain; and (c) evaluate associations between PPTs and pain intensity, and disability.


 Abstract—Vehicular Ad hoc network (VANET) is researched for public safety of vehicles. Safety applications exchange the safety messages among I2V (Infrastructure to Vehicle) and V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) in VANETs. As several safety applications are running and generating periodic messages on a vehicle, they consume a sizable resources on communication channel. Several organizations identify the high-priority safety applications and recommend safety message generating patterns. These safety messages are carried by WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment) and 802.11p standards. We analyze the theoretical maximum vehicle number when the high-priority safety applications are running on vehicles on highly congested communication channel condition. The analysis shows that a few dozen of vehicles can communicate with each other even without any collision on the communication channel. It means that the transmission mechanism of safety messages must be improved to reduce the generated date rate and EDCA mechanism should be improved without changing 802.11p standard. We propose two simple mechanisms. One is used to reduce the transmission data rate and the other for EDCA improvement. Even with these improvements, one hundred vehicles can be accommodated on the 10MHz control channel allocated by US FCC.


Environmental noise pollution is recognized as a major problem for the deterioration of the quality of life in urban areas. Noise emission, especially from Light Rail Transit (LRT) lines, affect daily activities and can lead to a range of health disorders such as cardiovascular problems and poor task performance. The study aims to determine the impact of noise pollution from the LRT network on the teaching and learning processes at schools within the City of Kuala Lumpur. The study employs a multi-methodology approach on a number of schools in selected zones within the City Council of Kuala Lumpur. Site visits and observations were performed on the schools concerned. Opinion survey questionnaires were disseminated to evaluate the attitudes and views of the current situation. On-site noise level measurements were undertaken to substantiate the opinion survey. The overall result revealed that noise from the LRT lines has significantly affected its neighborhood and disturbed the classes of the adjacent schools considerably. Recent developments of urban elevated roads and commuter network in Kuala Lumpur have caused annoyance and poor environmental quality and health disorders. The study concludes that local authorities involved in the physical development and environmental control have to work together to overcome and resolve the problem. Subsequently, this is to ensure that schools in Kuala Lumpur are safe and secure from environmental noise pollution. Some suggestions to overcome these problems have been recommended either through legal and non-legal procedures.


-- Sensor nodes that are deployed in the wireless sensor field are equipped with limited energy power. The most important problem in the wireless sensor network is to develop the energy efficient, reliable and robust routing protocol. To achieve these targets, we have proposed a new Event-based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (EBEERP). EBEERP is also concerned to the reliable data dissemination in the wireless sensor network. In this protocol, we have used the Tier based architecture for data dissemination among the sensor nodes. We have simulated the results of our protocol with LEACH and PEGASIS and observed that it is 7.5 times better than LEACH and 2 times better than PEGASIS.


Immediate and one-year outcome in patients with coronary bifurcation lesions in the modern era (NHLBI dynamic registry). Balloon angioplasty of bifurcation lesions has been associated with lower successand higher complication rates than most other lesion types. The development of alternative strategies such as debulking and stenting, either alone or in combination, are currently used relatively often. The relative role of these newer approaches in improving acute or long-term outcome, however, remains uncertain. Of the total of 2,436 patients treated were 321 patients (group 1) with bifurcation lesions and 2,115 patients without any bifurcation lesions attempted (group2). Treatment strategies in terms of major devices used were significantly different between the 2 groups (group 1 vs 2): balloon angioplasty alone (23.1% vs 26.5%), balloon angioplasty and rotational atherectomy (6.9% vs 4.4%), balloon angioplasty and stent (55.8% vs 59.9%), and balloon angioplasty, rotational atherectomy, and stent (10.3% vs 7%) with p <0.01. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, gender, and frequency of prior myocardial infarction (MI) or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Complete angiographic success was achieved in only 86% of bifurcation lesions versus 93.5% of nonbifurcation lesions (p <0.001). In-hospital complication rates were increased in patients with bifurcation lesions compared with the nonbifurcation group: MI, 3.year follow-up, major adverse cardiac events were 25% higher in group 1 than in group 2 (32.1% vs 25.7%, p <0.05). We conclude that despite the widespread use of newer percutaneous devices, treatment of bifurcation lesions remains difficult and is associated with decreased success and increased complication rates compared with nonbifurcation lesions. Directional atherectomy prior to stenting in bifurcation lesions: a matched comparison study with stenting alone. The ideal catheter-based intervention for treatment of coronary lesions at bifurcation site still has to be defined. The aim of the study was to assess the acute and long-term outcome after treatment of bifurcation lesions with directional atherectomy (DCA) and stenting in comparison with stenting alone. Thirty-one consecutive patients treated for bifurcation coronary lesions (62 lesions) with DCA and stenting in at least one branch (DCA group) were compared with a matched group of 31 patients with bifurcation coronary lesions (62 lesions) treated with stenting alone in at least one branch (non-DCA group). Procedural success was 87.1% in the DCA group compared with 100% in the non-DCA group (P = 0.03). In-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) occurred only in the DCA group …


Stem cell-based therapy is an important potential treatment to restore vision in patients with a wide range of retina disease.


The growth of demand and production in palm oil has increased rapidly from time to time, as this scenario has a positive influence on economic development. However, in the long run, the scenario may give negative impacts on environment if it is not closely controlled. Therefore, this study aims to create a sustainable mechanism framework of palm oil farming among smallholders using Islamic micro financing. This is because the position of smallholders is an issue in the sustainability debate in the palm oil industry at the global level. Using library research approach, this study discovered the constraints and the challenges faced by independent smallholders to create sustainable oil palm farming. Hence, the study was developed around the specific objective that looked into the Islamic microfinance form and proposed an appropriate mechanism for the implementation. In doing so, this study employed the descriptive method. From the results, it was concluded that Islamic microfinance is indeed a possible source of funding for a number of independent oil palm smallholders. Later on, Islamic microfinance may contribute to sustainable palm oil production. Furthermore, by introducing a workable mechanism, more Islamic financial institutions should be involved in providing Islamic microfinancing to smallholders.


According to the principle of the globule positioning system(GPS) receiver and the hot initialization,a method of quick location of GPS receiver by initial setting in this paper.The principle of the method was given out.And so were the principles of the satellite searching and channel distribution for the multiply channel receiver.The experiment results in the laboratory showed that this method was feasible.


Abstract STUDY QUESTION What is the clinical-effectiveness and safety of the endometrial scratch (ES) procedure compared to no ES, prior to usual first time in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment? SUMMARY ANSWER ES was safe but did not improve pregnancy outcomes when performed in the mid-luteal phase prior to the first IVF cycle, with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY ES is an 'add-on' treatment that is available to women undergoing a first cycle of IVF, with or without ICSI, despite a lack of evidence to support its use. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This pragmatic, superiority, open-label, multi-centre, parallel-group randomised controlled trial involving 1048 women assessed the clinical effectiveness and safety of the ES procedure prior to first time IVF, with or without ICSI, between July 2016 and October 2019. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants aged 18–37 years undergoing their first cycle of IVF, with or without ICSI, were recruited from 16 UK fertility clinics and randomised (1:1) by a web-based system with restricted access rights that concealed allocation. Stratified block randomisation was used to allocate participants to TAU or ES in the mid-luteal phase followed by usual IVF with or without ICSI treatment. The primary outcome was live birth after completing 24 weeks gestation within 10.5 months of egg collection. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In total, 1048 women randomised to TAU (n = 525) and ES (n = 523) were available for intention to treat analysis. In the ES group, 453 (86.6%) received the ES procedure. IVF, with or without ICSI, was received in 494 (94.1%) and 497 (95.0%) of ES and TAU participants respectively. Live birth rate was 37.1% (195/525) in the TAU and 38.6% (202/523) in the ES: an unadjusted absolute difference of 1.5% (95% CI −4.4% to 7.4%, P = 0.621). There were no statistical differences in secondary outcomes. Adverse events were comparable across groups. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A sham ES procedure was not undertaken in the control group, however, we do not believe this would have influenced the results as objective fertility outcomes were used. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the largest trial that is adequately powered to assess the impact of ES on women undergoing their first cycle of IVF. ES was safe, but did not significantly improve pregnancy outcomes when performed in the mid-luteal phase prior to the first IVF or ICSI cycle. We recommend that ES is not undertaken in this population. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Funded by the National Institute of Health Research. Stephen Walters is an National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator (2018 to present) and was a member of the following during the project: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Clinical Trials and Evaluation Committee (2011–2017), NIHR HTA Commissioning Strategy Group (2012 to 2017); NIHR Programme Grants for Applied Research Committee (2020 to present); NIHR Pre doctoral Fellowship Committee (2019 to present). Dr. Martins da Silva reports grants from AstraZeneca, during the conduct of the study; and is Associate editor of Human Reproduction and Editorial Board member of Reproduction and Fertility. Dr. Bhide reports grants from Bart's Charity and grants and non-financial support from Pharmasure Pharmaceuticals outside the submitted work. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN number: ISRCTN23800982. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 31 May 2016 DATE OF FIRST PATIENT'S ENROLMENT 04 July 2016


Without using a phosphor powder, it is possible to form a good light-emitting diode element, less deterioration, and light emission by using a portion of transmission and transmitted light the light emitting diode device, either to release a mixture of light of the transmitted light and a new light emitting It provides for the LED substrate that can be. A substrate for a light emitting diode of the present invention, the light-emitting diode device is formable single-crystal layer, and at least two or more oxide phase (酸化 物 相) is selected from single metal oxides and composite metal oxides are subsequently also mutually entangled three-dimensionally the solidified body is an optical ceramic composite layer is a substrate for the stacked light-emitting diode for converting formed in formation, the response at least one of the solid of the oxide is characterized in that it contains a metal element oxide which emits fluorescence. Light emitting diodes, the substrate, the single crystal layer, the ceramic composite layer, a fluorescent


Nursing school is one of the most difficult things I have done in my life. Almost halfway through the journey, I sometimes feel down. . .almost depressed and just scared. Sometimes I ask myself if these are all worth it and why am I doing all this for? The Prosumer group presentation moved me in such a way as if I heard what I have always been looking to hear during my low moments: inspiration. They are not victims; they are survivors. They opened their presentation with a quote that I will probably carry for the rest of my life: "Even when happy moments happen, I still ask myself if this is all worth it, and the answer was always no". It hit me like a truck because I was having those same thoughts and I got worried that I might end up in depression if nursing school does not finish soon! One can read the Mental Health textbook, study all the power points, and read all the articles about the topic of trauma, depression, etc. But nothing, NOTHING, is better than listening to people who have experienced all these disorders tell their story and although painful, share their experience and use it to motivate and inspire others. If all people who work in Mental Health had the same ideology, beliefs, and values as the Prosumer group, the world will be a better place not just for mental health clients, but for everyone." Undergraduate nursing student


The paper deals with social correlates of territorial transition with particular stress laid on the problem of disappearance of cultural codes and social norms. The influence of war crimes trials on the processes of communities' reconstruction is analysed through two elements: opposition between legal norms and moral norms of local community, and processes of nationalisation of urban space that unfolds through changes of street names, of urban architecture and symbolic representation of the city on postcards.


This chapter covers the basic structure and function of the human visual system with respect to people's perception of color, and procedures to quantify those color perceptions, colorimetry, through the measurement and specification of light sources, materials, and human observers. specific topics addressed include: visual anatomy and physiology related to color perception, the spatial and temporal properties of color vision, color vision deficiencies, basic and advanced colorimetry, light sources and illuminants, materials, tristimulus values, CIE colorimetry, chromaticity coordinates, color spaces, color difference metrics, and color appearance models. A basic understanding of human color vision and color specification is important for imaging science and technology in order to develop insight into the design, engineering, and limitations of color imaging systems and further improve such systems. CIE colorimetry is also the fundamental basis of modern color management systems that enable device-independent color imaging in digital systems. Since it is very difficult to cover all of this material in sufficient detail in a single article, interested readers should look to books devoted to color science for more detailed information. These reference marks are listed.

Keywords:

color vision;
retina;
deficiencies;
mechanisms;
visual signal processing;
colorimetry;
illuminants;
human response;
light sources;
diagrams;
models


Millet Flour from soaked and malted in distilled water were prepared and manually blend and analyzed and then comparing properties with the control for physical, chemical and nutrient characteristic values. The physical properties such as bulk density, water absorption capacity, and hygroscopicity, swelling index, least gelation concentration and viscosity at 30 RPM were favorable for blended flour on food functionalities. The chemical properties were significant for food applicability, the nutrient values. This indicates neutriceutical property on the blended flour. Blends from soaked and malted flour reveals that when used at home can inhibits and reduce primary infections and offset terminal illness like diabetes, cholesterol level and colon cancer. Copyright © acascipub.com, all rights reserved.


But why misuse the limited space of a philosophical quarterly to discuss the newspaper? The press is a recognized triviality which infests modern life; every man of sense knows that it prints an inordinate quantity of slush, which he does his best to avoid, seeing that he cannot dispense altogether with the newspaper. But philosophy at least deals with high and important matters, and the philosopher only demeans himself when he condescends to treat seriously the trivialities of everyday life-so I imagine some reader reacting to the title of the present article. My answer is twofold. In the first place, a triviality which occupies the major part of the unmortgaged time and attention of millions of men, and which is in fact almost their only mental pabulum, constitutes for this very reason, namely, because it is a triviality which thus engrosses them, a most important matter for the reflection of the ethical thinker. And as for philosophy being too lofty to deal with everyday matters,,this was also the view of Callicles, which he expressed in criticism of Socrates;' but it is not my opinion, and I shall ask the reader's indulgence while I unfold, in an introductory paragraph or two, a view of the nature of philosophy which I think can properly be called Socratic. Real thinking islike real charity, in that it begins at home. It does not everlastingly stand on tiptoe to catch a glimpse of the glories of the world; for it knows that the interpenetration of ordinary and everyday matters by the power of thought is both more difficult and more profitable than adventurous speculations in the realm of the extraordinary and astounding. It is not always scanning the distant horizon for something that is new; for it knows enough to suspect that the new will prob-