Objective To explore the impact of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors on ischemic stroke.Methods Prospective cohort study method was used in our study.91 698 workers who had participated in the 2006-07-2007-10 Kailuan health examination without history of cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction and without data incompleted were recruited.All workers were observed the occurrence of ischemic stroke.According to the AHA definition of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors,the cumulative incidence of ischemic stroke in different groups were calculated with the K-M method,and compared by the Log-rank test;Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for baseline health behaviors and factors.Results Only 9.1% of the study cohort had 5-7 ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors.Only 0.1% of study cohort(93 cases) had all the ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors.69.4% of the study cohort had less than four ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors.The cumulative incidence of ischemic stroke according to 0-1,2,3,4,5-7 ideal cardiovascular health groups were decreased(P0.01);Cox proportional hazards model showed that,adjusting for gender,age,income level,education level,the risk of ischemic stroke of who had 1-6 ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors were 0.99,0.71,0.51,0.35,0.24 and 0.28 times respectively,compared with who had no ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors.Conclusion Ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors can protect cerebral vessels.The risk of ischemic stroke is reduced with the increase in the number of ideal health behaviors and factors.


The invention discloses an aluminum cleaning agent. The aluminum cleaning agent consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 2-6% of potassium hydroxide, 2-10% of propanediol butyl ether, 1-5% of sodium metasilicate, 1-5% of boric acid, 1-7% of sodium polyacrylate, 1-5% of d-sorbitol solution, 0.4-1.2% of sodium chloride, 0.1-0.5% of dimethyl siloxane, 1-8% of anion surface active agent, 1-8% of nonion surface active agent, and the balance of water. The aluminum cleaning agent contains no such substances as phosphate and heavy metals harmful to human bodies and environments, is free of environmental pollution, is safe and reliable in use, is higher in cleaning efficiency, reaches the cleaning efficiency of 99%, meanwhile, is better in rust and corrosion resistance, is bright and smooth in cleaned aluminum workpieces, and is free of damaging the workpieces.


ing and indexing bulletins publish lists that aid the selection of magazines. The majority also list the magazines they review. Section 4 of this Digest discusses absb'acting and indexing bulletins and their use. The directory and special issues of Canadian trade periodicals such as Automatic Heating, Plumbing/Air Conditioning, Daily Commercial News, Engineering and Contract Record, Na tional Builder, Roads and Engineering Con struction are helpful for they publish such use ful information as lists of federal, provincial and municipal officials, directories of consult ing engineering firms, building products ma nufacturers and associations allied with the building indusb-y. 2 2.2 Pamphlets Much valuable material is published free of charge or at a nominal price by associations and government bodies. Section 2. 4 provides the addresses of such organizations. Because many of the sources of worth-while free mate rial do not keep mailing lists, their publication have to be requested after news of their avail ability has been published in building maga zines. Accession lists or lists of recently recei\- ed publications distributed by building re search organizations are useful in tracking down this type of publication. Examples of such lists are: Recent Additions to the Building Research Library. Published monthly by the Division of Building Research, lational Research Council. :-'Iontreal Road, Ottawa 2, Ontario. Housing and Planning References. Published bi-monthly by the Office of the Admi nistrator Library, Housing and Home Finance Agency, \Nashington 25, D.C. National Housing Center Library Bulletin. Publish ed ten times a year by the Library of the Na tional Association of Home Buildcrs, 1625 L Street, Washington 6, D.C. Royal Institute of British Architects. Library Bul letin. Published quarterly by the RIBA, 66 Portland Placc, London, \V. 1, England. Subscription 10s. per annum. Recent Additions to the Library. Published twice a month by the National Research Council, Sussex Drive, Ottawa 2, Ontario. The following are representative of the pam phlets issued by building associations and government bodies during 1961. American Institute of Steel Construction. Standard speciBcations and loading tables for open web steel joists (Longspan or L-serieli ) . British Columbia Lumber Manufacturers Associ ation. Post and beam. British Constructional Steelwork Association. PubHcation n. 14. The use of welding in steel building structures, rev. by G. Bernard Godfrey. Building Research Institute (Washington). Preassembled building components. Cement and Concrete Association (London). Concrete block walls, 3rd. ed., rev. Fire Protection Association. Fire Protection Bulletin, n. 8. Fire protection for builders and structural engineers. Great Britain. D.S.I.R. Building Research Station. Factory Building Studies n. 8. Colouring in fae tories, by H. L. Gloag. Great Britain. D.S.I.R. :\'ational Physical Labora tory. Sound absorbing materials. by E. J. E\'ans and E. j . Bazley. Highway Research Board. Special Report n. 60. Soil and foundation engineering in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Housing and Home Finance Agency. Urban Renew al Administration. Technical Guide n. 6. Residential property con servation standards. Housing Centre (London). Two to five in high Rats; an enquiry into play provision for children aged two to five years living in high Rats. Illinois University. Small Homes Council. Sixteenth annual short course in residential construction, January 18-19, 1961. Illuminating Engineering Society (London). The LE.S. code; recommendations for good interior lighting. National Building Studies. Research Paper n. 32. The forces applied to the Roor by the foot in walking, by F. C. Harper and others. National Lumber Manufacturers Association. Tech nical Report n. 1. Comparative fire test on wood and steel joists. National Research Council. Division of Building Research. Technical Paper n. 118 (NRC 6193) . Building law in Canada; a study prepared for the Asso ciate Committee on the National Building Code, by J. M. Robertson. Ontario Fire Marshal. Hospital fire safety design standard. Society of Plastics Engineers. Plastics for architects, artists and interior de signers. Stanford University School Planning Laboratory. Report n. 1. The relationship of initial cost and maintenance cost in elementary school build ings, by W. J. Zimmerman. Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College. Archi tectural Research Group. Shelter for physical education; a study of the feasibility of the use of limited shelters for phy sical education. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook n. 194. Snow avalanches; a handbook of forecasting and control measures. U.S. Forest Products Laboratory Report n. 2202. The performance of wood in fire, by H. O. Fleischer. U.S. National Bureau of Standards Handbook n. 74. Building code requirements for reinforced ma sonry. 3 2.3 Manufacturers' Technical Litemture Building products and equipment manufac turers issue a great deal of useful material in their literature. Two publications that contain technical information about building products manufactured in the United States are: Architectural Catalog File. Published yearly by Sweet's Catalog Service Division, 119 West 40 St., New York 18, N.Y. 1961 edition contained in twelve volumes. Sub scription approximately $150. American Institute of Architects. Building Products Register. Published in 1959 by the American Institute of Architects, 1735 New York Avenue N.W., Washington 6, D.C. A second edition of the Register is now in pre paration.


Learning point for clinicians

We recommend Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients should have full viral serology testing prior to commencing immunosuppressive agents. While vaccinations are not available for all viruses, it highlights at-risk patients and may result in earlier detection and treatment. Primary infection with cytomegalovirus while immunosuppressed carries a significantly greater morbidity and mortality. In this case, had this patient's CMV status been known, she would have flagged as high risk for primary CMV infection, possibly leading to earlier intervention.

A 35-year old lady presented with a 1-week history of a febrile illness without localizing symptoms or signs. She was on azathioprine 200 mg monotherapy for treatment of terminal ileum Crohn's Disease diagnosed 3 years previously. She attended for 3 monthly phlebotomy which document a baseline lymphopenia, averaging at 1.4. She was an active smoker, 20 pack years. She had no other medical history, …


China's proposed nuclear deal with Pakistan has caused a stir in India-China relations. Ever since the United States has concluded a civil nuclear deal with India, Pakistan has been demanding a similar deal from the United States. But President Bush made it clear that Pakistan should not expect a civilian nuclear agreement like the one with India and he further said that the two rivals on the subcontinent could not be compared to each other. However, after the US rejected Pakistan's demand, China offered it to build two more reactors at the Chashma atomic complex in Punjab through its state run China National Nuclear Corporation. China has already built one reactor, the Chashma -1 in Punjab and is building a second reactor, Chashma 2. According to the "new" deal, China is lending Pakistan $207 million to buy two more reactors, Chashma 3 and Chashma-4.1


Molecular dipole moments in a dielectric medium are statistically correlated over large distances. In this paper we derive an expression for the correlation function of two molecular dipoles at different times and at different points in space in the limit of large separation. The result is obtained by means of a purely macroscopic treatment. For the case of equal times our results agree with those obtained by Nienhuis and Deutch from a microscopic theory of a fluid of rigid dipoles; in particular we see the same dependence on the shape of the dielectric sample and on the nature of its surroundings. The methods used in deriving the expression for the dipole correlation function may also be used to calculate the fluctuations in the higher electric multipole moments of small spherical regions in a dielectric sample. A number of results of this type are presented.


Purpose: Noncontact tonometers are useful when regulations preclude use of contact tonometers by medical students and other nonophthalmologists. Our study compared the measurements by the portable, noncontact tonometer (PT100) with Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). Methods: This was a prospective study of 98 eyes from 98 patients. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by GAT and the PT100 (Reichert, Buffalo, NY). Results: Mean IOP measurements showed no significant differences in measurements performed by the two tonometers (P = 0.64). Measurements by the two tonometers were in agreement by 3 mmHg in 92.8% of eyes. Linear regression analysis of PT100 vs GAT measurements revealed a slope of 0.98 with r 2 = 0.58. Bland–Altman analysis showed a mean difference of measurements by GAT and PT100 of-0.3 mmHg with two standard deviation = 7.1 mmHg. Conclusion: The portable noncontact PT100 tonometer provides IOP measurements comparable to GAT within the normal range of IOP.


In this paper, we establish systems of coincidence theorems from which solution of sys inequalities and system of minimax theorems was established in this paper.  2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


Partially degraded (hydroxypropyl)cellulose methanolysates were acetylated in an acetic anhydride/dioxane mixture with a perchloric acid catalyst, yielding (acetoxypropyl)cellulose (APC) samples with an unit ester content per anhydroglucose unit of three. Eight APC samples of molar masses from 10,000 to 1.8 × 105 g/mol were prepared. On heating, all the samples displayed biphasic behavior prior to isotropization. The isotropization temperature of the samples increased rapidly with molar mass, attaining a limiting value of 174°C. The substitution of hydroxyl groups of HPC by acetyl groups lowered the limiting value. Lyotropic mesophases of APC in dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) showed isotropization temperatures that increase nonlinearly with increasing APC concentration. For chains with contour lengths exceeding 72 nm, the critical concentration for mesophase formation, 0, does not depend on the chain length. However, for short chains the 0 value increases rapidly with decreasing chain length. The cholesteric reflection wavelength, λ0, of a thermotropic APC sample of low molar mass is greater than that of a higher molar mass sample at a given temperature and increases with increasing temperature for all samples. Partially acetylated (hydroxypropyl)cellulose displays reflection colors at lower temperatures than the fully acetylated APC.


The cuticle forming the excretory pore complex and the vulva and vagina vera in female Syphacia obvelata is formed by body wall cuticle. The nature of the cuticle surrounding the excretory pore and forming the bladder, and tile absence of a muscular system to control the complex suggest that internal pressure (probably hydrostatic) is the generating force for fluid expulsion. The lumens of the vulva and vagina vera are lined by and continuous with the cortical zone of the body wall cuticle. The lumens of both the vulva and vagina vera are tetraradiate. The arrangement of the cuticle at the proximal end of the vagina vera allows for a mechanical means of ejecting eggs (the functional ovijector). The initial force to move eggs up to the ovijector is from the muscles surrounding the vagina vera.


This paper shows the design of digital image acquisition system based on USB2.0 and CMOS image sensor OV7660.It introduces the design idea and structure of hardware circuit.The firmware program used to control capturing process,initializing registers inside OV7660 and the consistence of reading and writing is analyzed in detail.In addition,the software converting the acquired data to image and displaying it in PC in real time is also the descriptive emphasis.Experiment results show that the software and hardware work naturally.The control circuit can do image acquisition in real time,and show image to PC in high quality.


Last fall, the Texas Department of Banking surveyed Texas banks to identify the financial education services and programs they offer. One hundred and fifty-four banks responded to the online survey.


The authors investigate the potential value of applying nonlinear architectures to the adaptive equalization of a bipolar signal passed through a dispersive channel in the presence of additive noise. The problem is described as a geometrical classification problem and the factors affecting the complexity of the problem are considered. In particular, it is shown that some degree of nonlinearity is desirable in the equalizer structure when signal-to-noise ratios are poor. The authors describe two nonlinear architectures which might be considered as adaptive equalizers, and evaluate their performance in this role by means of computer simulation. The advantage of the structures over their linear counterparts is readily discerned. It is concluded that by incorporating a degree of nonlinearity in the design of an equalizer, it is possible to produce a structure which can achieve a BER (bit-error rate) superior to that offered by linear structures when equalizing bipolar signals passed through linear channels, especially when signal-to-noise conditions are poor.<<ETX>>


An open and close control device for a horizontally slidable vehicle door (20). The device includes a horizontal endless screw (32) which is rotatably movably held within a rail (34) on the vehicle body above or below the door. The screw engages a threaded aperture in a slide (36) which is translationally movable within said rail, and may also be rotated by a rotary electromotive device (30). The slide (36) is connected to the door (20) via a gas-damped connecting rod (38) which is preferably at an angle of less than 25 DEG to said endless screw.


We present results from electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of the EI4 EPR center in 4H- and 6H-SiC. The EPR signal of the EI4 center was found to be drastically enhanced in electron-irradiated high-purity semi-insulating materials after annealing at 700-750 deg. C. Strong EPR signals of the EI4 center with minimal interferences from other radiation-induced defects in irradiated high-purity semi-insulating materials allowed our more detailed study of the hyperfine (hf) structures. An additional large-splitting {sup 29}Si hf structure and {sup 13}C hf lines of the EI4 defect were observed. Comparing the data on the hf interactions and the annealing behavior obtained from EPR experiments and from ab initio supercell calculations of different carbon-vacancy-related complexes, we suggest a complex between a carbon vacancy-carbon antisite and a carbon vacancy at the third-neighbor site of the antisite in the neutral charge state, (V{sub C}-C{sub Si}V{sub C}){sup 0}, as a new defect model for the EI4 center.


Specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp (J K−1 g−1) is an important thermodynamic property that helps material scientists better understand molecular structure and physical properties. Engineers control temperature (through heat transfer) in physical systems. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is an analytical technique that has been used for over fifty years to measure heat capacities with milligram size samples. For existing procedures, such as ASTM E1269−11 (2018), the accuracy of molar heat capacity measurements is typically ±2–5% relative to the literature values, even after calibration for both heat flow and heat capacity. A comparison of different DSC technologies is beyond the scope of this paper, but the causes of these deviations are common to all DSC instruments, although the magnitude of the deviation (observed and accepted) varies with instrument design. This paper presents a new approach (Heat–Cool) for measuring more accurate and reproducible specific heat capacities of materials. In addition to better performance, the proposed method is faster and typically requires no additional calibration beyond the routine calibration of temperature and heat flow, with melting point standards common to all applications of DSC. Accuracy, as used throughout this paper, means deviation from the literature. The estimated standard deviation of repeated measurements of the cp values obtained with the Heat–Cool technique typically falls in the ±1–2% range.


The increasing number of traditional boats made from wood can cause the forest to be deforested. Besides, it also results in scarcity and an increase in the price of basic wood materials so that production costs are increasingly expensive—also, the factors of decay by mould, heating, weathering. One of the efforts that can be made in the traditional shipbuilding process is through making boats made from cheap and high-quality E-Glass fibre laminate composite boards. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of volume composition of E-glass fibres and scallop shell particles on the tensile strength of hybrid composites. Making hybrid composites by mixing scallop shell filler, E-Glass fibre and matrix. Percentage volume fraction 0C: 0E, 10C: 20E, 15C: 15E and 20C: 10E. The results showed that the maximum tensile strength at the volume fraction of 10C: 20E was 34,2694 MPa, this result was higher than the maximum requirements set by BSN in 2006, namely 0.304 MPa. The existence of a strong bond between the fibres and the matrix can increase the tensile strength of the composite as well as the influence of the scallop shell particles which can help the matrix to accept external loads/stresses so that the composite strength increases.


Several salvos of nine explosive sources were lowered from a drifting ship to a depth of 2000 ft in water 14 500 ft deep, and the sources were fired seriatim at 1‐min intervals by electrical detonation. Thus, all sources of a given salvo were fired approximately at the same point in the ocean. The arrivals at the hydrophone, suspended at 1000 ft below the surface from an anchored ship, were recorded in eight half‐octave frequency bands between center frequencies of 63 and 720 cps, along with timing‐signals and radio‐transmitted shot instants by use of two six‐channel photographically recording oscillographs. The degree of uniformity of the arrivals from the shots of each salvo is shown, and some observed effects of reflection from ocean bottom and surface are discussed. (This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research.)


This paper presents an analysis of two-dimensional elastic medium containing an elliptical tunnel with elastic lining under the uniform stresses ,""•‡xz and ""•‡yz at, infinity. This analysis is based on the complex variable method using a conformal mapping technique, and contains new sliding boundary conditions. Using this solution, we consider the effect of thickness on distributions of stress and displacement.


The effect of elastic accommodation on the grain boundary diffusion-controlled void growth was analyzed using an axisymmetric unit cell model. An incremental form of the virtual work principle was used to formulate the boundary value problem involving grain boundary diffusion. The model accounts for material elasticity and void interaction effects. Analyses are performed for initially spherical voids spaced periodically along the grain boundary. The results of the analyses on void growth rates agree well with the Hull-Rimmer model after the initial transient time. During the elastic transient, void growth rates can be several orders of magnitude higher than the steady state growth rate, Though the elastic transient time may occupy a small portion of the total rupture time, in metallic components experiencing cyclic loading conditions with short hold times, elasticity effects may be important.


Surgical treatment of portal hypertension in infants is challenging because of the high risk of shunt thrombosis. A 10-kg female infant underwent six failed procedures before being successfully treated by interposition of a 10-mm-diameter prosthetic graft between two 3-mm-diameter splanchnic veins and the inferior vena cava. Follow-up at 10 years demonstrates shunt patency and normal development without rebleeding. An aggressive surgical strategy is justified as long as even nonconventional techniques are available to prevent life-threatening complications of portal hypertension. Prosthetic grafts can be used when no autologous vein graft is available. Decellularized allografts with reduced immunogenicity may also be effective alternative materials.


In the early twentieth century, African-American women in the southern United States faced double oppression as a result of patriarchy and racism. They strive to reclaim their independence, all the more so when they are bound by their marriage. Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) is Zora Neale Hurston's magnum opus, which chronicles the objectification of a young African-American woman called Janie Crawford during her marriage. Through the lens of Black Feminism, this research aims to identify the many forms of female objectification present in the novel and to ascertain the responses taken by the main character in response to the objectification. This research makes use of Martha Nussbaum's and Rae Langton's objectification ideas. Additionally, this study employs Kumea Shorter-Gooden's resistance strategies to evaluate the main character's strategies for resisting objectification. Janie Crawford was subjected to nine distinct forms of objectification by both her first and second husbands, Logan and Jody, according to this study. Additionally, this research illustrates how Janie Crawford's opposition to objectification is fueled by the concept of self-definition. In general, the findings indicate that the novel is centered on the problem of women's objectification and is a timely representation of African American women's lives in the early twentieth century.


Objective To study the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Artemisia dracunculus var.turkestanica.Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel,RP18,and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and physicochemical properties.Results Nineteen compounds were obtained from ethyl acetate fraction of the 95% ethanol extract from the aerial parts of A.dracunculus var.turkestanica and identified as 1-monopalmitin(1),α-methyl linolenate(2),1-monoolein(3),3-O-acetyl ursolic acid(4),3β,22β,24-trihydroxy-olean-12-en(5),oleic acid(6),palmitic acid(7),1-monolinolein(8),vanillic acid(9),hesperetin(10),naringenin(11),quercetin(12),rutin(13),scoparone(14),scopoletin(15),7-hydroxycoumarin(16),daphnetin(17),caffeic acid(18),and chlorogenic acid(19).Conclusion All the compounds are isolated from A.dracunculus var.turkestanica for the first time.Compounds 1—5 and 8 are firstly reported in the plants of Artemisia L.


State estimation is a prerequisite for monitoring, control and fault diagnosis of many processes. Dynamic model based state estimation techniques are used for monitoring the state variables. Particle filter have been widely used to estimate the state of nonlinear and non-Gaussian system. Particle filters require a proposal distribution but the choice of proposal distribution is the key design issue. In this paper, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) which is based on analytic local linearization is used to generate a proposal distribution for the particle filter. The efficacy of this local linearization particle filter (LLPF) is demonstrated via application to a simulated nonlinear continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and the results are compared with the sampling importance resampling (SIR) particle filter. Key-Words: State estimation; Particle filter; Non-Gaussian; Proposal distribution; Local linearization particle filter; Sampling importance resampling.


New donor–acceptor 2,3-diarylnorbornadienes (1N–4N) showing high quantum yields for the blue light induced valence isomerization from the norbornadienes into quadricyclanes and the latters' thermal reversion are studied in comparison with their protonated counterparts.


With the rapid development of economy and the continuous progress of science and technology, China has more and more activities in the development and utilization of marine resources, and puts forward higher requirements for marine environment monitoring technology. The Internet of things is an important part of the new generation of information technology and represents the latest achievements in the development of the world information industry. Marine Internet of things is one of the research hotspots in various marine fields. It is very necessary to balance the relationship between marine development and marine ecological protection. At present, there is a big gap between China's marine regional ecological monitoring level and developed countries. With its high availability, Internet of things technology is rapidly applied to the fields of logistics and environmental monitoring, especially in the field of ecological environment monitoring, which greatly improves the scientificity and effectiveness of monitoring. This paper studies the application of Internet of things technology in ecological environment monitoring, and how to realize the development of environmental protection industry and the scientization and rationalization of environmental monitoring, further improve the management means of ecological environment monitoring, and promote the development of environmental protection in China. With its high availability, Internet of things technology is rapidly applied to the fields of logistics and environmental monitoring, especially in the field of ecological environment monitoring, which greatly improves the scientificity and effectiveness of monitoring. Based on the development of Internet of things technology, this paper realizes the real-time transmission and analysis of the collected data, and finally completes the dynamic evaluation of marine regional ecosystem.


Tauroselcholic [75selenium] acid (SeHCAT™) (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) is a radiopharmaceutical that may be useful in diagnosing bile acid diarrhoea.

 To assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of SeHCAT for the investigation of adults with chronic unexplained diarrhoea, diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome or functional diarrhoea (suspected primary bile acid diarrhoea), and adults with chronic diarrhoea and Crohn's disease who have not undergone ileal resection (suspected secondary bile acid diarrhoea).

 Sixteen databases were searched to November 2020. The review process included measures to minimise error and bias. Results were summarised by primary or secondary bile acid diarrhoea and study quality was considered. The cost-effectiveness analysis combined a short-term (6-month) decision-analytic model (diagnosis and initial treatment response) and a lifetime Markov model comprising three health states (diarrhoea, no diarrhoea and death), with transitions determined by probabilities of response to treatment. Analyses were conducted from an NHS and Personal Social Services perspective.

 Twenty-four studies were included in this review. Of these, 21 were observational studies, reporting some outcome data for patients treated with bile acid sequestrants, and in which only patients with a positive SeHCAT test were offered bile acid sequestrants. The median rate of response to bile acid sequestrants, among patients with a 7-day SeHCAT retention value of ≤ 15%, was 68% (range 38–86%) (eight studies). The estimated sensitivity of SeHCAT (≤ 15% threshold) to predict positive response to colestyramine was 100% (95% confidence interval 54.1% to 100%) and the specificity estimate was 91.2% (95% confidence interval 76.3% to 98.1%) (one study). The median proportion of treated patients who were intolerant/discontinued bile acid sequestrants was 15% (range 4–27%) (eight studies). There was insufficient information to determine whether or not intolerance varied between colestyramine, colestipol and colesevelam. For both populations, the SeHCAT 15% (i.e. a SeHCAT retention value of ≤ 15%) strategy dominated other strategies or resulted in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of < £20,000–30,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained. For the suspected primary bile acid diarrhoea population, SeHCAT 15% was the strategy most likely to be cost-effective: 67% and 73% probability at threshold incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of £20,000 and £30,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained, respectively. For the Crohn's disease population, these probabilities were 89% and 92% at £20,000 and £30,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained, respectively. Cost-effectiveness was mostly led by treatment response. SeHCAT 15% was the strategy with the highest response rate in the majority of scenarios explored.

 There is a lack of evidence linking the use of SeHCAT testing to patient-relevant outcomes. The optimal SeHCAT threshold, to define bile acid diarrhoea and select patients for treatment with bile acid sequestrants, is uncertain. It is unclear whether or not patients with 'borderline' or 'equivocal' 7-day SeHCAT retention values (e.g. between 10% and 15%) and patients with values of > 15% could benefit from treatment with bile acid sequestrants. Although the results of the economic evaluation conducted for both populations indicated that the SeHCAT 15% strategy dominated the other two strategies or resulted in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios that were lower than the common thresholds of £20,000 or £30,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained, the paucity and poor quality of evidence mean that uncertainty is high.

 The optimum study design would be a multiarm randomised controlled trial, in which participants meeting the inclusion criteria are randomised to receive colestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam or placebo, and all participants receive SeHCAT testing.

 This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42020223877.

 This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (IHR) Evidence Synthesis programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 26, No. 45. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.


Poka-Yoke is the Japanese term for mistake-proofing. Developed by Dr. Shigeo Shingo, Poka-Yoke employs devices on the process operations to prevent the special causes that result in defects, or to inexpensively inspect each item that is produced to determine whether it is acceptable or defective


Actuarial risk assessment and cost-benefit analyses have become increasingly commonplace in many areas of criminal justice. The integration of these tools in sentencing represents a natural and logical next step. In Pennsylvania, the pace of this development has recently accelerated, as reform legislation now mandates the inclusion of actuarial methodologies into the sentencing architecture. This article considers the promises and the perils of this integration in light of Pennsylvania's sentencing structure. The authors conclude by presenting four key questions that legislators in Pennsylvania- as well as other jurisdictions beginning to addresses the use of empirical data in sentencing- should consider before implementation.


High density clusters can be characterized by the connected components of a level set L(λ) = {x : p(x) > λ} of the underlying probability density function p generating the data, at some appropriate...


Santalum album is the most economically important tree harvested for heartwood oil, and India is among the chief exporters of sandalwood and its products. The oil and the wood finds use in medicine as an antiseptic, antipyretic, antiscabietic, diuretic, expectorant, stimulant and for the treatment of bronchitis, dysuria, urinary infection, gonnorheal recovery as it seems to contain antibacterial and antifungal properties. No specific phenolic metabolite has ever been implicated in such healthcare benefits even though many of these are potent. This investigation was aimed at profiling phenylpropanoids in embryogenic suspension culture of sandalwood to generate a metabolite signature of cultured cells and tissues. HPTLC analyses of the cell mass extract revealed the presence of ester-linked and etherlinked phenolics. Maximum total phenolics as ferulic acid equivalent is observed to be around 1.02 µg/g dry weight, with at least 20% increment on elicitation in any condition. Methyl jasmonate to the extent of 250 µM was tested and 6080 µM elicited maximally the accumulation of phenolics. This article reports the HPTLC based profiling of phenolics in embryogenic suspension culture under normal and elicited conditions.


Online course evaluation is critical to both course selection and teaching effectiveness for students and teachers. However, the current online course evaluation methods have been criticized for neglecting learners' needs and their inefficiency. Therefore, a course evaluation framework based on sentiment analysis using machine learning is proposed in this study to analyze a large number of online course review comments from learners. Initially, massive open online course review comments were collected through web crawling. Then, sentence- and aspect-based sentiment analyses were performed. Finally, a list of aspect terms that reflected the learners' requirements was compiled based on the model-generated outcomes. The model was utilized to evaluate an online intellectual property law online course. Results demonstrate that the training models built in this study achieve over 90% accuracy and that 90%–95% of learners are satisfied with the intellectual property law online course. The learners are particularly satisfied with the teacher's teaching style and course schedule. However, the models also highlight the insufficient interactivity in the class and the scarcity of novel course cases. The proposed framework provides a learner-centric approach to evaluating online courses, thereby enhancing the credibility of online course evaluation. This framework also serves as a practical reference for online course recommendation and construction.


Protein elongation factors, EF-Tu and EF-1a, have been implicated in cell response to heat stress. We investigated the expression (accumulation) of EF-Tu and EF-1a in mature plants of spring wheat cultivars Kukri and Excalibur, and tested the hypothesis that cultivars with contrasting tolerance to heat stress differ in the accumulation of these elongation factors under prolonged exposure to high temperature (16 days at 36/30 C). In addition, we investigated the expression of EF-Tu andEF-1a in young plants experiencing a 24-h heat shock (43 C). Excalibur showed better tolerance to heat stress than Kukri. Heat stress induced accumulation of EF-Tu and EF-1a in mature plants of both cultivars, but to a greater extent in Excalibur. Young plants did not show appreciable accumulation of EF-Tu in response to heat shock. However, these plants showed increased accumulation of EF-1a and the accumulation appeared greater in Excalibur than in Kukri. The results support the hypothesis that EF-Tu plays a role in heat tolerance in spring wheat. The results also suggest that EF-1a may be of importance to wheat response to heat stress.


Sclerotinia stem rot of oilseed rape(Brassica napus) caused by fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide.It is one of the most important biotic stressorses affecting oilseed rape production.Breeding and cultivation of resistant varieties is the most efficient,economic and environmental friendly approach to control the disease.In this paper,research progresses wasere reviewed in aspects of S.sclerotiorum pathogenesis,rapeseed resistance heredity,gene expression profiles responding to the disease infection and application of resistance genes in oilseed rape.


Law education from the restoration and reconstruction to the continuous reform, prosperity and development formed with a large, relatively reasonable structure, gradually improve the quality of education of the education system of law, the Chinese model of legal education has been initially formed. Also face challenges at the same time, the need for China to rethink the positioning of legal education, further adjusting and perfecting China's legal education mode of education, education institutions, education level, education mode, continuously improve the quality of education. The Chinese model for the future of law education will gradually mature and perfect.


This article addresses efforts by software publishers to control the secondary market in their products, by invoking the rights that the Copyright Act grants them to control distribution of copies of their products, and by imposing contractual restraints on redistribution of those products. Under the Copyright Act's first-sale doctrine, a copyright owner's right to control distribution of a copy of its copyrighted work, such as a CD-ROM containing a computer program, is exhausted with its initial sale of that copy. Software publishers routinely seek to avoid application of this doctrine by arguing that their products are only licensed, not sold; and numerous courts that have considered this argument have agreed with the software publishers. The article demonstrates that the courts have erred in accepting this argument, misunderstanding the crucial distinction the Copyright Act makes between an intangible copyrighted work and the material object on which it is distributed. Software publishers likewise try to avoid the first-sale doctrine by declaring that they retain title to the software copies they distribute, by placing restrictions on their distributors' authority to transfer the copies, and by attaching running use restrictions on those copies in the form of clickwrap licenses. The article shows that these approaches too are of dubious efficacy. It then describes two readily available distribution methods that software publishers may employ to blunt the impact of the first-sale doctrine: rental rather than sale of the software copies, and operating as an application service provider. The article next looks at the issue from a public policy perspective, considering arguments for amendment of the Copyright Act to eliminate the first-sale doctrine with respect to software copies. It finds that the policy considerations that justify legal rules promoting free alienability of copies of copyrighted works in general apply just as strongly to software copies, and that the proposed amendment of current doctrine is not justified. Finally, the article demonstrates that software publishers cannot extend their control over copies of their products by imposing contractual restrictions on the authority of end users to resell or give away their software copies, since the Copyright Act preempts state law to the extent it would allow enforcement of such restrictions.


Harry Hess's hypothesis of sea-floor spreading brought together his long-standing interests in island arcs, oceanic topography, and the oceanic crust. The one unique feature of Hess's hypothesis was the origin of the oceanic crust as a hydration rind on the top of the mantle -- an idea that was not well received, even by the early converts to sea-floor spreading. Hess never changed his mind on this issue, and his stubbornness illuminates the logic of his discovery. Published and archival records show that 1) Hess became convinced the oceanic crust was a hydration rind as early as mid 1958, when he was still a fixist, 2) he devised sea-floor spreading in 1960 to reconcile the hydration-rind model with the newly discovered, high heat flow at oceanic ridge crests, and 3) Hess's new mobilist solution did the least amount of violence to his older fixist solution.


SUMMARY The study of the toxicity of Melia azedarach extracts, Azadirachta indica and of Eucalyptus globules, concerning L5 and adults of S. gregaria has revealed the presence of substances that inhibit greatly the consumption of food by these locust. Cabbage treated with neem or melia has not been consumed, whereas fragments of cabbage filled with eucalyptus were little bit consumed. This reveals the dissuasive effect of A. indica together with M. Azedarach, and shows an anti-appealing action of eucalyptus globules. Larva's in presence of cabbage soaked in neem, melia and eucalyptus extracts lose respectively 37% and 19,5% of their initial weights as for imagoes, this loss of weight is by 36% for neem, 29,9% for melia and 18,6% for eucalyptus. Also larva of fifth didn't reach their imaginable molt, 20% of those fed in presence of eucalyptus could have done their last. For A. indica a mortality of 100% is reached during 12 days for L5 and 13 days for adults. Individuals treated with eucalyptus die few days after. It was proved out that larva's are more sensitive than imagoes. The examination of the TL50 shows that the L5, the shortest time is obtained with the extract of neem (7,5 days) then the melia (8,2 days) and finally the eucalyptus (10,4 days). It is the same for the adults with respectively 8,1 days, 8,3 days and 9,6 days.


Abstract The percent symbol is often used in a variety of media in daily life. Students have difficulty in solving the problems dealing with percentage, even though they know little about percent. Therefore, this research was aimed to obtain learning trajectory percentage using grid 10 x 10 by Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI) approach and find out the role of grid 10 x 10 in helping students to comprehend the percentage problem. The method of this study was design research type validation studies which were aimed to prove the learning theories. Research design consisted of three phases, those are preliminary, experiment design, and retrospective analysis. This research was conducted in SD negeri 3 OKU by involving fifth grade students. The data of this research was collected by using video, documentation, pre-test, the students' activity sheets, posttest, and interview. The data were analyzed qualitatively. The result of this research showed that the learning trajectory which was designed consists of three activities which every activity is divided into two and grid 10 x 10 has a role in percentage learning.


Ever since the policy of reform and opening to the outside world,foreign investment has become a leap of implementing the major strategies of economic development.However,the practice in the past 30 years proved that not only "Market for technology "failed to achieve the expected,but faced with a " blowout "type of foreign M A wave,the living space of national enterprises is compressed,and economic security of strategic industries exposed to foreign encroachment and the misappropriation of the possible serious consequences.Therefore,it is necessary for us to study the control of foreign capital from the knowledge the perspective of property law.


Objective: To synthesize antidepressant mirtazapine. Methods: Mirtazapine was obtained via several steps involving cyclization,reduction,N-althanizatin,hydrolysis and reduction using methyl benzoylformate as a starting agent.Results: The chemical structure of the mirtazapine was confirmed by IR,MS,and 1H-NMR.The overall yield was 37.4%.Conclusion: The improved synthetic procedure of mirtazapine was achievable.


Incidences of autoimmune diseases are rising; the numbers of cases are tripled over the last few decades. There are more than eighty illnesses caused by autoimmunity. It has been estimated that autoimmune diseases are among the ten leading causes of death among women in all age groups up to 65 years. The etiology of autoimmune diseases is multifactorial: Genetic, hormonal, environmental, immunological factors, together with host susceptibility are all considered important in their development. The cause of this worldwide epidemic lies primarily in our environment and the toxic world in which we live, as various stressors have been implicated in the induction and perpetuation of many autoimmune diseases. Various stressors including physical, chemical, biological, and psychological have been shown to be responsible for this growing epidemic. Understanding the pathogenic modes of actions of various stressors e.g. molecular mimicry, role of cytokines, Toll-like receptors signaling pathways, role of stress proteins (heat shock proteins), role of reactive species, in addition to neuroendocrine immune systems interactions foster the advent in targeted therapeutic era. New strategies have been introduced and are being studied to overcome effects of oxidative stress at the cellular level for subsequent use as new therapies for autoimmune diseases e.g. targeting intracellular signaling pathways for various proinflammatory cytokines, DNA vaccines, antiinflammatory neuropeptides, and more. The better understanding of these etiopathogenetic mechanisms can move us from the era of controlling or treating autoimmune diseases to a new era of preventing these diseases. To cite this article [Fayed, H. L. (2016). Stress & Autoimmune Diseases. J. Middle East North Afr. sci, 2(2), 25-33]. (p-ISSN 24129763) (e-ISSN 2412-8937). http://www.jomenas.org. 3


Years ago, in the heyday of the comic book super hero, the heroes were considered symbols of perfection. Comic book characters such as Superman, Captain Marvel, Batman and Robin, the Green Lantern, and others come to mind. In each case, secret powers, unimaginable strength, and always bringing his or her villainous adversary to a satisfactory end (or at least a termination to some scheme in which the villain hoped to successfully subjugate mankind in the immediate future) identified the super hero. The writers of these comics did allow their hero to have some minor flaw that could be exploited to cause harm to the good guy. As a case in point was Superman?s weakness when exposed to kryptonite (material from his home planet of Krypton).


We study double-barrier interfaces separating regions of asymptotically subsonic and supersonic flow of Bose-condensed atoms. These setups contain at least one black hole sonic horizon from which the analogue of Hawking radiation should be generated and emitted against the flow in the subsonic region. Multiple coherent scattering by the double-barrier structure strongly modulates the transmission probability of phonons, rendering it very sensitive to their frequency. As a result, resonant tunneling occurs with high probability within a few narrow frequency intervals. This gives rise to highly non-thermal spectra with sharp peaks. We find that these peaks are mostly associated with decaying resonances and only occasionally with dynamical instabilities. Even at achievable non-zero temperatures, the radiation peaks can be dominated by spontaneous emission, i.e. enhanced zero-point fluctuations, and not, as is often the case in analogue models, by stimulated emission.


Numerical simulation of unsteady free surface flows using depth averaged equations that consider the presence of initial discontinuities has been often reported for situations dealing with dam break flow. The usual approach is to assume a sudden removal of the gate at the dam location. Additionally, in order to prevent any kind of dam risk in earthen dams, it is very interesting to include the possibility of a progressive dam breach leading to dam overtopping or dam piping so that predictive hydraulic models benefit the global analysis of the water flow. On the other hand, when considering a realistic large domain with complex topography, a fine spatial discretization is mandatory. Hence, the number of grid cells is usually very large and, therefore, it is necessary to use parallelization techniques for the calculation, with the use of Graphic Processing Units (GPU) being one of the most efficient, due to the leveraging of thousands of processors within a single device. The aim of the present work is to describe an efficient GPU-based 2D shallow water flow solver (RiverFlow2D-GPU) supplied with the formulation of internal boundary conditions to represent dynamic dam failure processes. The results obtained indicate that it is able to develop a transient flow analysis taking into account several scenarios. The efficiency of the model is proven in two complex domains, leading to >76× faster simulations compared with the traditional CPU computation.


Abstract: In this paper, the forward time centered space is applied to a simple problem involving one dimensional heat equation. Numerical solution to the heat equation using forward time centered space difference equation is obtained. The method of solving the problem is implemented by using Python Programming. We have discussed the local truncation error and stability analysis of explicit forward time centered space difference method of heat equation.


Spherical micron-sized polymer particles coated with magnetite have been prepared by a new method consisting of a two step process, in which iron compounds are coated on a micron-sized polymer core by controlled hydrolysis of FeCl3 in the presence of urea, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and hydrochloric acid. The thickness of the coating layer could be altered by adjusting the amount of FeCl3 added to the system. Magnetic particles were obtained by treating the coated powders with hydrogen at moderate temperatures. The chemical composition and morphology of the coating layer, and the resulting magnetic properties varied with the calcination conditions.


Background: Homocysteine (Hcy) has been considered as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Folic acid and vitamin B12 are two vital regulators in Hcy metabolic process. We evaluated the associations between Hcy and the categories of CAD as well as the levels of folic acid and vitamin B12.
Methods: Hcy, folic acid and vitamin B12 from 292 CAD patients, including 73 acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 116 unstable angina pectoris (UAP), 103 stable angina pectoris (SAP), and 100 non-CAD controls were measured, and the data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: Hcy concentrations of AMI patients were the highest, and UAP patients were second, and SAP patients were the third higher, which were significantly higher than controls (p<0.01). Compared to SAP patients, patients with AMI and UAP had higher Hcy levels with approximately average elevated (4-5) μmol/L, while SAP patients were more higher Hcy with approximately 8 μmol/L than controls. However, the levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 had opposite results, whose levels in AMI group had the lowest, while in controls had the highest. There were strongly moderate negative correlations between Hcy and folic acid (r=-0.67, p<0.001) and vitamin B12 (r=-0.56, p<0.001).
Conclusions: The present study confirms that high Hcy levels are closely associated with the categories of CAD as well as low status of folic acid and vitamin B12.


We show that dynamics in the spin–orbit coupling field simulate the von Neumann measurement of a particle spin. We demonstrate how the measurement influences the spin and coordinate evolution of a particle by comparing two examples of such a procedure. The first example is a simultaneous measurement of spin components, σx and σy, corresponding to non-commuting operators, which cannot be accurately obtained together at a given time instant due to the Heisenberg uncertainty ratio. By mapping spin dynamics onto a spatial walk, such a procedure determines measurement-time averages of σx and σy, which can already be precisely evaluated in a single short-time measurement. The other, qualitatively different, example is the spin of a one-dimensional particle in a magnetic field. Here, the measurement outcome depends on the angle between the spin–orbit coupling and magnetic fields. These results can be applied to studies of spin–orbit coupled cold atoms and electrons in solids.


: HR analytics has emerged as a new method for contemporary human resource practice that utilizes data and analytics to gain insights into workforce performance and behavior. This qualitative research study aims to investigate the experiences and perceptions of HR professionals regarding the adoption of HR analytics in their organizations. The study is based review of 20 research papers published in the concerned area. The findings of the study suggest that HR analytics is becoming increasingly popular in organizations, but there are also significant challenges associated with the adoption and implementation of HR analytics.


The Humanities Research Centre presents an informal, discussion-based workshop exploring the impact of neoliberal language and values on the humanities.


Optimal foraging theory states that foragers maximize their energy intake by minimizing the energy expended to collect their food. The harvester ant, Messor pergandei, provides a model system to study foraging energy expenditure due to their dependable group foraging behavior. Exploring seed preference could give us further insight into how their harvesting affects the surrounding vegetation and ecosystem as a whole. Choice trials were conducted on M. pergandei using three native seeds and one nonnative food source to determine ant foraging activity for each food type. Additionally, a choice trial involving Encelia seeds and bract were conducted to determine the preference for seed predation versus organic matter collection. Our results showed that Encelia and wheat had the most ant activity. For our second trial, we found that M.pergandei visited Encelia bract more than Encelia seed. Our findings suggest that M. pregandei display a previously undocumented preference for bract and they are willing to forgo other food options that have higher lipid and nutrient content to collect it. This could provide further insight into their overall role in the desert ecosystem as they may be assisting Encelia in seed dispersal.


This short reflection was written following attendance at theResilience in practiceworkshop hosted by the local trust, in which staff were encouraged to utilise new and innovative ways of exploring the effects of workplace adversity. We were supported to engage in critical reflection, open and candi


Abstract Origin of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) was explored from a dynamical perspective, using a primitive equation model linearized about the observed winter climatology. In order to obtain a leading low-frequency mode of the model atmosphere, singular vector analysis is performed on the linear dynamical operator. The singular mode (v vector) with the smallest singular value, referred to as the neutral mode, has a considerable similarity to the observed AO in many aspects, suggesting that, at least in a linear dynamical framework, the AO is a dynamically consistent mode of variability that arises from the zonal asymmetry of the time-mean state. Diagnosis of the neutral mode shows that a zonal flow–stationary wave interaction and an interaction between anomalous and climatological stationary waves are both of importance for maintenance of the spatial structure. Besides, vortex stretching–shrinking is significant in the upper levels, which indicates that a baroclinic process has a certain role as well. It...


Abstract: Ways of looking at the possible decline of the United States are not necessarily quantifiable and speak of an immaterial aspect to shifts of power that seems to be ignored by the mainstream theories. It may be that the US is declining in overall power, economic power, political power, or cultural power, but there is also evidence that suggests that it may not be. The concept of who is perceived to have legitimate power over another is an example of a lens that is not quantifiable. However the US seems to have largely held the legitimacy of a superpower until quite recently. This paper will look at legitimacy in general, American legitimacy in particular, and finally its perceived loss. Resume: Certaines facons d'envisager le possible declin des Etats-Unis ne sont pas necessairement quantifiables, notamment en raison de l'aspect immateriel des relations de pouvoir generalement ignore par les theories principales. Il est possible que les Etats-Unis connaissent un declin de leur influence mondiale sur les plans economique, politique ou culturel, mais il existe egalement des preuves qui suggerent le contraire. La perception d'avoir la legitimite d'agir est aussi difficilement quantifiable. Cependant, les Etats-Unis semblent avoir largement retenu leur legitimite de superpuissance jusqu'a tout recemment. Cet article examinera la legitimite en general, la legitimite americaine plus specifiquement, et enfin la perception de son declin.


Different from the traditional natural scene images, optical remote-sensing images (RSIs) suffer from diverse imaging orientations, cluttered backgrounds, and various scene types. Therefore, the object-detection methods salient to optical RSIs require effective localization and segmentation to deal with complex scenarios, especially small targets, serious occlusion, and multiple targets. However, the existing models' experimental results are incapable of distinguishing salient objects and backgrounds using clear boundaries. To tackle this problem, we introduce boundary information to perform salient object detection in optical RSIs. Specifically, we first combine the encoder's low-level and high-level features (i.e., abundant local spatial and semantic information) via a feature-interaction operation, yielding boundary information. Then, the boundary cues are introduced into each decoder block, where the decoder features are directed to focus more on the boundary details and objects simultaneously. In this way, we can generate high-quality saliency maps which can highlight salient objects from optical RSIs completely and accurately. Extensive experiments are performed on a public dataset (i.e., ORSSD dataset), and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our model when compared with the cutting-edge saliency models.


Hepatitis C virus causes acute and chronic hepatitis. It has a high propensity for transition to chronicity, In some cases over 50% patients developed chronic hepatitis. We have undertaken studies on protein/enzyme of serum of both normal and patient with chronic liver disease. Serum was analysed enzymatically and electrophoretically using reducing and non-reducing condition. It is observed that a protein of 14 Kda may be missing or in t race amount in serum of patients with chronic liver disease. Therefore it may be possible that this may be a cause of chronic liver disease. Further research is in progress for identification and characterization of missing protein.


Abstract Synthesis of 7-bromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-[2,7]-naphthyridine via lithiation of 2-methylarylidene-tert-butylamines, followed by formylation, reductive amination in one-pot, and removal of the tert-butyl group from the nitrogen, is described.


The purpose of this research is to investigate the process of mental imagery from a computational perspective, employing theories and resources from linguistics, natural language processing, and computer graphics about human language visualisation. This thesis presents our progress toward the automatic creation of 3D animation from natural language text. Lexical Visual Semantic Representation (LVSR) is proposed, which connects linguistic semantics to the visual semantics and is suitable for action execution (animation). We investigate visual semantics of verbs, and introduce the notion of visual valency which is used as a primary criterion to construct a visual semantic based ontology. The visual valency approach is a framework for modelling deeper semantics of verbs. Lexicon-based approaches used for word sense disambiguation are also discussed. The context and the senses of the ambiguous verb are analysed using hypernymy relations and word frequency information in WordNet and thematic roles in LCS (Lexical Conceptual Structure) database. The significance of this research is also related to an animation blending approach which combines precreated and dynamically generated animation facilities into a unified mechanism and an object-oriented object modelling approach for decentralising the control of animation engine. An intelligent storytelling system called CONFUCIUS, which visualizes single sentences into 3D animation, speech, and sound effects, has been implemented in Java and VRML. CONFUCIUS is an overall framework of language visualisation, using computer graphics techniques with NLP to achieve high-level animation generation. We conducted an evaluation experiment where subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire either rating agreement for the generated animation or selecting the closest text from four candidates which describes the animation best. The results show a low error rate of comprehension measures of animation (8.33%) and 3.82 average agreement score. We also evaluated the syntactic parsing by test-suite based diagnostic evaluation, and anaphora resolution and semantic analysis by corpus-based adequacy evaluation. CONFUCIUS gives promising results on word sense disambiguation (70% accuracy) with regard to the dataset it is tested on. Future work is suggested for extending the knowledge base and improving commonsense reasoning from lexicons to present more verb classes, extending language visualisation to discourse level, and applying physics, such as dynamics and kinematics, to 3D animation.


This article presents a new algorithm for generation of N-dimensional rotation matrix M, which rotates given N-dimensional vector X to the direction of given vector Y which has the same dimension. Algorithm, named N-dimensional Rotation Matrix Generation Algorithm (NRMG) includes rotation of given vectors X and Y to the direction of coordinate axis x1 using two-dimensional rotations. Matrix M is obtained as multiplication of matrix MX and inverse of matrix MY, which rotates given vectors to the direction of axis x1. Also examined is the possibility to perform parallel calculations of two-dimensional rotations.


The in vitro study of monocytes (Mo) poses several problems. Minor contamination with endotoxin (ET) of media ami utensils as well as adherence to glass or plastic surfaces may activate the cells and cause pronounced production of monokines. Many commercially liquid culture media were found to contain ET in concentrations above 25x10−12 g/ml. A simple system for the removal of ET from media and solutions was established by use of a comniercially available Polymyxin B Septiarose gel, To measure the lipopolysaccharide (LFS) binding capacity of the gel. known concentrations of LPS were added to culture media, which were passed through a column consisting or the Polymyxin B Sepharose gel. The content of ET and added LPS in media was measured hy the Limulus amoehocyte lysatc (LAL) test before and after passage of the column. The LPS‐binding capacity of the gel was approximately 2.4 × 10 g/l0 ml. The biological activity of contaminating ET and added LPS in media, before and alter passage of the column, was also characterized by the capacity of the media to induce interleukin l (IL‐1) secretion in human Mo cultures. The content of IL‐l in Mo culture supernalants was determined by the mouse thymocyte costimulatory(LAF) assay. By comparison of the activity of ET in these different biological systems, it was demonstrated that 15‐20 × 10−12 g/ml of ET stimulate human Mo cultures lo IL‐1 secretion.


ABSTRACT The present work demonstrates a two-step method to deposit copper over ABS plastic using electric arc thermal spray means. The energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the deposition of copper metal. The adhesive strength demonstrates an increasing trend as the stand-off distance increases from 11 to 17 cm, and decreases as the stand-off distance further increases till 23 cm. For surface roughness, porosity and coating thickness, an increasing trend was noticeable as the stand-off distance increases from 11 to 15 cm, and then assumes a decreasing trend till 23 cm of stand-off distance. The surface residual stress demonstrates decreasing course as the stand-off distance increases from 11 to 23 cm. Different factors engaged during the deposition of molten metal droplet on the ABS substrate such as thermal softening, oxide content, particle velocity and cooling rate dictated the characteristic outcome such as adhesive strength, roughness, porosity coating thickness and surface residual stress.


Three-dimensional finite element method(FEM) is adopted to simulate the stress and deformation of Ketian concrete arch dam under the multi-load combination.The results show that the stress and deformation of the arc dam accord with the general rules of the calculation of FEM.The maximum displacement of the dam is within the permitted scope.Though the stress of dam upstream surface is larger,the calculation result of FEM equivalent stress is within the permitted scope of criterion.


The purpose of this study is to introduce the procedure of building the authority file for titles and corporate names for KISTI Serials Union Catalog and describe the current theory and practices of developing the guidelines for standardized authority records. The activities of NACO and its standards for the creation of authority records. the structure and search methods of OCLC Authority Files, and the plan for building KISTI Authority Files are examined, and a comparison is made between the authority format of MARC21 and that of KORMARC. Cooperation among libraries in the creation, maintenance and quality control of AF is strongly suggested.


To evaluate the morphological features of corneal endothelial cells and their relationship with the stage of retinopathy in diabetes mellitus (DM).


In view of the problems of the low efficiency,high energy consumption and operating expenses of oily wastewater treatment technology in contemporary oilfield,the system takes the internet configuration software WebAccess as the human-machine interface,uses PLC to complete data acquisition and system control,realizing automatic operation and remote monitoring of the sewage disposal process.


A process for the preparation of adducts by reacting an alcohol with an epoxy compound in the presence of a catalyst, which comprises reacting an alcohol of formula I A[OH]r, (I) wherein A is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic radical and r is a number from 1 to 10, with a mono- or diepoxide in the equivalent ratio of 1:20 to 20:1, based on the hydroxyl and epoxy groups, in the presence of a metal complex of formula II as catalyst [Mn+(L1)x(L2)y(L3m-)z][Xk-](n-zm)/k(II), wherein M is a metal of the main groups or subgroups of the Periodic Table of the Elements, L1 and L2 are weakly bonded, neutral, unidentale or multidentate ligands, L3 is a strongly bonded, non-replaceable neutral or anionic unidentale or multidentate ligand, X is an anion of the following formulae BF4-, PF6-, AsF6-, SbF6-, ClO4-, IO4-, NO3- or is the sulfonate radical of a perfluorinated alkanesulfonic acid, n is an integer from 1 to 6, m is 0 or an integer from 1 to 6, k is 1 or 2, x is an integer from 1 to 1000, y is 0 or an integer from 1 to 1000, and z is 0 or an integer from 1 to 6.


Corrosion damage of tendons in post-tensioned concrete structures may have catastrophic consequences. Rupture of tendons due to corrosion may occur without early warning and lead to a complete or partial failure of structure. Voids inside of cable ducts due to incomplete grouting, trapped air pockets related to deficient grout design and/or poor grouting procedures are places with the highest risk of corrosion of cables. Due to these facts, detection of voids in tendon ducts in both new and in-service structures is of great importance.


Background: The association between facial types and dental arches forms has considerable implications in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The aim was to establish the maxillary and mandibular dental arches width and length in skeletal and dental class II division 1 and class III malocclusion groups, find out the most frequent dental arch form and facial type and the association between them and to check the gender differences.
Materials and Methods: Frontal and lateral facial photographs and maxillary and mandibular occlussal photographs for 90 iraqi subjects with age 18-25 years old (45 males and 45 females) divided equally into three groups, the 1st group with class II division 1malocclusion (overjet more than 3mm but less than or equal to 6mm), the 2nd group with class II division 1malocclusion (overjet more than 6mm) while the 3rd group with class III malocclusion (edge to edge or reverse overjet).Six linear measurements for each maxillary and mandibular dental cast photographs and two liner measurements for frontal and profile facial photographs was analyzed with (AUTO CAD 2013), which simplified the analyzing process and reduced the time and effort spent on taking measurements directly from the records to facilitate work and to gain more accurate results.
Results: All the mean value of dental arches and facial measurements were higher in male than female, the most frequent maxillary and mandibular dental arch form in the three groups was the mid arch form follow by the narrow then the wide arch form except in the mandibular dental arch of the 3rd group it follow by the wide then the narrow arch form.The most frequent facial type in the 1st group is the Mesoprosopic one,followed by the Leptoprosopic then the Euryprosopic face type while in the 2nd and 3rd group the most frequent facial type is the Leptoprosopic, follow by the Mesoprosopic then the Euryprosopic facial type. An association was found between mid arch form and the Mesoprosopic face type in the 1st group, while no clear association was found between dental arch form and facial type in the 2nd and 3rd group for both genders.
Conclusions: It was concluded that there was an association between facial type and dental arch form in subject with class II division 1malocclusion (overjet not more than 6mm), while in subject with class II division 1malocclusion (overjet more than 6mm) or with class III malocclusion (edge to edge or reverse overjet) no clear association was found between dental arch form and facial type.


Abstract— We surveyed the transport systems present in the brain for amino acids. Cellular transport was measured in brain slices, and capillary transport was estimated by measuring in vivo the short‐term (15 s) extraction by brain from the blood. Specific analog inhibition of uptake was used to distinguish the classes. Amino acid levels (close to physiological) were such that primarily the 'low‐affinity' transport was measured.


The repair of agricultural machines and its gearing drives is a an important challenge. Normally, a wide range of machine tools are required for gear replacement manufacturing, which is hard to provide at repair shops of farm garages. The way to temporary replace broken metal gear for 3d printed polymeric one is proposed. The usage of Novikov gearings and arch-tooth gearing instead of traditional involute cylindrical gears is offered. Estimation of accuracy of such a gearing is offered and results of experimental evaluation are given. 


A new method for the analysis of pheytoin (DPH) and carbamazepine (CBZ) in human serum described. The method involves extraction of DPH and CBZ from serum by re-used solidphase extraction (SPE) column prior to a semi-micro high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. The chromatography for the analysis of DPH at a level of 20μg/mL was complete in 5 using a semi-micro column (C 18, 2.0mm i.d.×15cm). The sensitivity of the analysis was 3.97-fold higher than that for conventional HPLC. DPH and CBZ were extracted from serum using commercially available SPE column (Isolute C 18), and analytical recovery rate of DPH and CBZ which were added to the serum (50μL) at 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 and 40.0μg/mL, ranged from 83.5 to 94.0% and from 86.7 to 117.1%, respectively. Excellent recovery rates of DPH and CBZ in the serum were also obtained when the same SPE column was re-used over 30-times, protein and/or albumin hardly remained in the solid-phase of the re-used SPE column. There results indicate that this new method could reduce both the time need to perform each analysis the amount of sample needed due to high sensitivity. In addition, the method also demonstrated a good cost performance. Thus, the method might be highly useful to support drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies.


The most popular method in remote data reading from sensors and meters is the time-driven scheme. However, event-driven schemes seem more efficient, as they reduce the number of samples as well as energy consumption, while achieving the same ability of reconstruction of real continuous waveform from discrete samples with the same accuracy. Even greater benefits can be achieved using event-driven with prediction data reading schemes. In the event-driven schemes the number of needed samples depends strongly on the dynamics of change of measured value. In the paper the influence of using an event-driven with linear prediction scheme on quantity and quality of data was tested by comparing with other adequate methods of sampling. The investigation was based on real data of energy usage by different loads in the sample office building. For the assessment the `influence and benefit factors' proposed by authors were used. Also an algorithm and a computer program for data analysis were proposed.


One of the reasons the Constitutional Court (MK) annulled Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation is because the process of forming the law did not involve public participation. However, Constitutional Judge Manahan MP Sitompul and Constitutional Judge Daniel Yusmic P. Foekh have a different viewpoint (dissenting opinion). According to them, the process of forming the law did involve public participation. Based on the above problem, the problems in this study are, first, is it true that the process of drafting Law No. 11 2020 on Job Creation did not involve the public? Second, how is the concept of "public participation" constructed in our legal regulations? Third, what is the concept of "public participation" formulated by social scientists and legal experts, which can be a reference for law makers?
The conclusion of this study is: first, it is not true that the process of drafting Law No. 11 2020 on Job Creation did not involve the public. From the chronology, it is clear that various elements of society participated in the drafting process, up to the final discussion in the Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR RI). The rejection that was expressed through mass media or the walkout by some members of the DPR is also part of that participation. Second, the concept of "public participation" in law-making is constructed in our regulations quite clearly but not in detail, there is no clear boundary or criteria, either qualitatively or quantitatively. The lack of detailed and specific criteria, both qualitatively and quantitatively regulating "public participation" is what creates the opportunity for different viewpoints, between those who say "not participative" and those who say "participative" in the drafting process of Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. Third, the concept of "public participation" is formulated by social scientists and political scientists in various ways. But the essence is the same, that "public participation" is mandatory and commonplace in a democratic country. The people must be the subject of power. The state is present from the people, by the people, and for the people. That is democracy.


This paper examines the opportunities and limitations of the term 'equality', and the concepts coalesced around it, in what could broadly be called Muslim subjectivity formation – that is, a set of social and intimate experiences that make an individual or a group feel, see and call themselves 'Muslim'. My focus is primarily on one's self-designation, rather than that employed by external agents such as the state, religious leaders or other social actors. What I'm particularly interested in here are the dynamics of power that make or break one's personal connection with one's Muslim self that may or may not be in harmony with official interpretations of the law, including Islamic law. My intent is to demonstrate certain spatial effects of such power dynamics and the resulting social relations. This, then, could be called a spatial analysis of Muslim self-designation.


Independently owned nature reserves are proliferating across the developing world. Nevertheless, the conservation community knows practically nothing about them. This paper examines the economic, ecological, and social impacts of ecotourism, as evidenced at thirty-two of these reserves. Ecotourism is shown to be the primary means through which reserves survive financially. This reliance provides a direct link between ecotourism and the conservation and development accomplishments of the reserves. While independently owned nature reserves are no panacea for the world's biodiversity woes, they are a viable tool for supplementing larger government conservation and development efforts and shifting control of natural resources to rural peoples.


During the winter of 1935-36 there was a severe outbreak of cucumber mosaic in Puerto Rico and in some fields all the plants were infected. The writer came to Puerto Rico in July 1923 and this is the first severe outbreak of the disease during the period beginning with that date. In fact, mosaic plants have been very rare. The symptoms of the 1935-36 outbreak were the same as those of the •common mosaic in the eastern part of the United States. Diseased plants were rare in 1936-37. There was an abundance of Aphis gossypii Glover in the fields in 1935-36 but no experiments were conducted to determine if they were the vectors. The source of this infection is an unsolved problem at this time. The seed came from the United States as in previous years, but it appears very unlikely that the disease came from that source, as the United States records show that it is rarely if ever transmitted by seeds of the cucumber but that it is transmitted by the seeds of the wild cucumber (Micrampelis lobato). Doolittle and Gilbert (1918) reported that one cucumber seed in 5500 produced a mosaic plant. The native wild cucurbits in the immediate vicinity of the fields in Puerto Rico did not show any symptoms of the disease but it is possible that they may be symptomless carriers. M. lobata does not •occur in Puerto Rico. I t is possible that the disease may be due to an entirely different virus from the common mosaic of cucumber in the United States. Bewley and Corbett (1930) reported a mosaic •disease of cucumbers which appears to be entirely different from the mosaie cucumbers in the United States in that it was transmitted by the seeds. The disease was so abundant that the writer decided to continue Ms studies on the effects of virus diseases on the histology of the host plants. In 1925, 1927, 1930 and again in 1931 the writer published papers showing the effects of viruses on the structure of the leaves and stated that some of the viruses caused an inhibition of the development of the ehloroplasts. Several species of host plants were used in these studies. This idea was contradictory to the idea of destruction of the ehloroplasts by viruses which had been held up to this time but has been supported by the studies of later workers. A brief review of the more important work on this phase of the subject since that time is as follows:


The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors leading to the decrease in the number of students who took Chemistry I from the 2014 CSAT to the 2019 CSAT. To do this, an open questionnaire survey was first conducted with 27 chemistry teachers. Following this, in-depth interviews were conducted with seven Chemistry teachers focusing on keyword analysis derived from the questionnaire. The results of the study are as follows: first, some items were somewhat out of scope with the curriculum. These questions made students feel an additional learning burden. Second, examinees for the Chemistry I exam had more of a burden for time compared to other subjects. Items which were excessive included computational demands or those that were time-consuming, such as IQ-tests, and they accelerated this problem. Third, students thought that it was difficult to get a good grade in Chemistry I compared to other subjects. For this reason, students in their third of fourth year were constantly dropping Chemistry I and changing to other subjects. In order to solve the problem with the decrease of examinees for Chemistry I, it is necessary to develop solutions that address these issues and are based on the curriculum, chemical concepts, and principles.


We present high speed video images of slab fracture experiments. Slab bending tests were conducted in a cold laboratory at Rogers Pass in Glacier National Park of Canada. A testing machine recorded the applied force and slab deflection in three- and four-point bending. Over the course of four days, the bending and resulting tensile fracture of 66 samples were captured by a high speed camera at rates of 1000 and 1900 frames per second. The purpose of capturing the tests on video was to observe the size of the fracture process zone and to calculate the speed of crack propagation. Slab samples were seeded with tracer particles for image analysis calculations, with the resulting pixel resolution in the sub-millimeter range. The samples were back-lit to illuminate the propagation of the crack. Dry slabs of differing density, hardness, crystal form and size, and temperature were sampled. Slabs of the same composition but different size were tested to investigate the size effect. The peak strength, stiffness, and shape of the loading curve were found to be very sensitive to the loading rate.


. Lai et al. (CCS 2019) have shown how Bulletproofs arithmetic circuit zero-knowledge protocol (Bootle et al., EUROCRYPT 2016 and Bünz et al., S&P 2018) can be generalized to work for bilinear group arithmetic circuits directly, i.e., without requiring these circuits to be translated into arithmetic circuits. In a nutshell, a bilinear group arithmetic circuit is a standard arithmetic circuit augmented with special gates capturing group exponentiations or pairings. Such circuits are highly relevant, e.g., in the context of zero-knowledge statements over pairing-based languages. As expressing these special gates in terms of a standard arithmetic circuit results in a significant overhead in circuit size, an approach to zero-knowledge via standard arithmetic circuits may incur substantial additional costs. The approach due to Lai et al. shows how to avoid this by integrating additional zero-knowledge techniques into the Bulletproof framework so as to handle the special gates very efficiently. We take a different approach by generalizing Compressed Σ -Protocol Theory (CRYPTO 2020) from arithmetic circuit relations to bilinear group arithmetic circuit relations. Besides its conceptual simplicity, our approach has the practical advantage of reducing the communication costs of Lai et al.'s protocol by roughly a multiplicative factor 3 . Finally, we show an application of our results which may be of independent interest. We construct the first k -out-of- n threshold signature scheme (TSS) that allows for transparent setup and that yields threshold signatures of size logarithmic in n . The threshold signature hides the identities of the k signers and the threshold k can be dynamically chosen at aggregation time.


The model transfer can make the crystal mobile model in cube lattice transfer into a topological graph including many moving bodies.On the basis of understanding of several constraint conditions,such shortest path problem is transferred into the typical shortest path algorithm to solve.Depending on the model construction,a shortest path algorithm(CMCLA)with multiple sources and paths based on the magic square for crystal mobile model in cube lattice is suggested.In this algorithm,the crystal with the least steps is to select each moving process and the state of cube lattice is updated after a moving process,thus,the crystals would tend to be compelled to final state from initial state.The experiment results indicate that the algorithm in this paper is feasible and efficient.


DELAY_N is a kind of important function in system dynamic. Studies about the basic relational type between its input and output under the discrete state have the significant influence and instruction in determination system dynamics model parameter, in debugging model, and in analyzing result. The article has obtained the DELAY_N inputoutput relational expressions, has obtained the input average delay time and the delay variance expression, in this foundution, proposed one method of determination delay functiontype.


Process parameters fluctuations and variations have seriously affected the nanometer IC manufacturing performance and yield.Threshold voltage is an important parameter in MOS integrated circuit design and random doping fluctuations becomes an important factor for threshold voltage deviation.Based on the threshold voltage deviation from the physical mechanism,through statistical analysis method,we propose the simple standard deviation expression of threshold voltage deviation from the random doping fluctuations.According to the formula,we calculate the actual nano-MOSFET devices threshold voltage's standard deviation that is close to 40mV.The compared results from the data and related data in other papers show that the formula derived using statistical theory is not only simple but a very good estimation and distribution of threshold voltage deviations in actual process.


Interest in the possible use of molten metaphosphates as electrolyte and as reactant in electrochemical cells has been examined from the points of view of both electrochemical synthesis and sources of electrical energy. Both are shown to be possible.The anodic evolution of O2 from carefully dried molten NaPO3 on Pt shows hysteresis in the V/I curve, and also shows Tafel behavior (dη/d log i = 2.3RT/βnF) with surprising exactness, which implicates one-electron slow discharge as rate-determining over a considerable range of rate of reaction. The cathodic process is complex, but includes deposition of Na into the Pt if the melt is dry.On Ni the phosphide Ni12P5 predominates as the autocorrosion product. This material is actively reduced if electrochemically coupled with Ca, and can be electrochemically oxidized by O2. Forced electrolysis inserts extra nickel into a phosphide anode, or phosphorus into a phosphide cathode, and modifies its crystal structure. The trimeric structure of the melt is modified by el...


This paper introduces the technical renovation from hardware and software with S7-200PLC TP270 and MM430 according to the design project of control systems in CFDB.This system has the advantages of low investment and easy operation,it also can reduce the energy consumption and enhance the productivity.


The microstructure and electrical resistivity of inkjet-printed silver (Ag) films annealed under ambient air were characterized. Analyses of the impurity amounts in the films using secondary-ion mass spectrometry showed that the decomposition temperature of the capping molecules was just below 170°C. Both the characteristics of the microstructure and electrical resistivity when annealed at low temperatures (lower than the decomposition temperature) were significantly different from those when annealed at high temperatures. The results show that neither microstructural features, such as grain size, nor the amounts of impurities can explain both the magnitude and characteristic decrease in electrical resistivity. The changes in electrical resistivity can be described using exponential decay kinetics. The corresponding activation energy of 0.44 eV when annealed at the high temperatures is explained by the migration of point defects such as vacancy–oxygen pairs. On the other hand, negligible dependence on temperature was identified when annealed at low temperatures, which was attributed to decomposition of the capping molecules. The results indicate the importance of controlling the defects of nanoparticles and the properties of capping molecules from the viewpoint of electrical optimization of metallization fabricated using inkjet printing.


Abstract In this paper, analysis of free-standing periodic array of thin conducting strips using waveguide simulator is presented. The method of moment is applied to numerically obtain its scattering parameters. With only two elements inside the waveguide simulator, scattering response of the infinite array illuminated by plane waves is accurately achieved. Coupled integral equations, due to the presence of two elements, are solved using pulse expansion and point matching technique. Numerically obtained results are compared with waveguide and plane wave simulations in CST MWS and measurement results for validation.


The piston-type internal combustion engine with expansion cavities working in open thermodynamic circulation includes a combustion procedure that features an isometric process is followed by a constant temp. process.


What transhumanists see as context-independent truths involving knowledge and reality are actually holdovers from World War II and its aftermath: prior to the 1940s and 1950s, the informational view of reality and knowledge that soon appeared self-evidently true did not exist. The concept of information emerged unscathed by the failure of the earliest attempts to apply information theory to biology, firmly attaching to DNA, and human biology was deemed highly manipulable. Transhumanism channels this perspective on human biology, one that science itself shows increasingly to be outdated. Beyond their problematic informational frame, transhumanists fail to appreciate what it means for us to think or experience anything at all as human beings. Though Immanuel Kant is cited as a backdrop for their focus on humanity's self-transcendence via rationality, extrapolation from his Critique of Pure Reason shows their confidence that human reason will spur the creation of posthumanity to be irrational.


This paper focuses on an implementation of synthetic jet ejectors for enhancing existing fan performance by controlling the bypass flow and imparting additional momentum to the flow. Synthetic or "zero-mass-flux" jets, unlike conventional jets, require no mass addition to the system, and thus provide means of efficiently directing airflow across a heated surface. Because these jets are zero net mass flux in nature and are comprised entirely of the ambient fluid, they can be conveniently integrated with the surfaces that require cooling without the need for complex plumbing. Wind tunnel tests are used to characterize the performance of an array of localized synthetic jets cooling two high density heat sinks in the presence of varying mean flows. The increased flow rate and heat dissipation due to the jets is measured. Results show that the percentage improvement in heat transfer due to the Synjets depends strongly on the relative flow rates of the Synjet and the mean flow. A NEWISYS server chassis was retrofitted with a synthetic jet module such that no changes to the mechanicals of the chassis were necessary. Two AMD processors in the server were stressed for high heat dissipation. It is shown that operating a synthetic jet in conjunction with a fan enables higher heat dissipation due to localized cooling by the synthetic jets without impeding the flow of the fan. The high momentum Synjets enable the entrainment of significantly higher flows and heat dissipation through the heat sink than the fan alone. It is also shown the adding the Synjets enables a reduction in fan RPM for equivalent thermal performance, thus resulting in significant reduction in the sound pressure levels


Article represents the review of empirical researches (2000-2013) based on the authoring concept of psychology of intergroup adaptation (PIA) in the organizations. Some results of study of groups with different status of 45 crews of the ships of Navy of Russia (1129 servicemen), 7 rural schools of the Moscow region (351 people), 6 trade enterprises, productions, services sectors (140 employees) are provided. The system and situational analysis (the retrospective standardized interview), questionnaires "Diagnostics of social and psychological adaptation" of K. Rogers, R. Daymond, "An assessment of organizational culture" of K.Kuinn and R. Cameron, "A motivational profile" of P. Martina and Sh. Richie, Cynefin platform expert valuation of situations of administrative activities of D. Snouden are used. Results were processed by mathematical and statistic analysis methods, the principles of boolean algebra were used. It is proved that in the majority of the organizations the subculture of the hierarchical relations and focus inside the organization dominate. The structure of values refers to the mental sphere of "the Russian model of governance". The cognitive component of intergroup interactions is a basis of genesis of PIA. The higher leveled in semantic space PIA psychological mechanisms correspond to simpler administrative situations of the Cynefin platform: situation "Order" – the psychological mechanism of joint activities, "Orderliness" – organizational identification, "Complexity" – intergroup non-adaptability. The results of research can be put into a modern social and psychological basis for control of the organizations of different fields. To optimize the management it is expedient to use relevant social and cognitive indicators: coefficient of adequacy perception of a PIA situation (KVsPIA) by its participants, design of PIA, psychological mechanisms in the organization. Results of correlation of administrative situations and the PIA psychological mechanisms can be used as an additional technique of diagnostics of the organization, based on traditional methods.


Let Fq denotes the finite field of q elements. O. Ahmadi and A. Menezes have recently considered the question about the possible number of elements with zero trace in polynomial bases of F2 over F2. Here we show that the Weil bound implies that there is such a basis with n + O(log o) zero-trace elements.