The polyvinyl alcohol and lubricated the coated modified elastomeric glove with a coating consisting of thickeners are described. In order to prevent the manufacturing process when reonbaek (runback) and drips (drip) to increase the processability of the polyvinyl alcohol coating is a thickener for the first time. The hygroscopic thickeners can be used. Polyvinyl alcohol coating is particularly useful when using the number of the activated resin molding material for forming an orthopedic cast bandage becomes smoother writing when wetted in a water bath.


The kinetics of dehydration of NiCI 2 .2H 2 0 have been studied by isothermal method in air and by non-isothermal method in air as well as in flowing nitrogen atmosphere. While in air (or self-generated atmosphere) the dehydration apparently takes place in single step, in nitrogen atmosphere two steJls, corresponding to the losses of about 1.46 and 0.48 moles of H 2 0, can be identified in the TG curves. Whereas in static air three-dimensional diffusion (03 or 04 model) appears to be the best fit mechanistic model, in nitrogen atmosphere the three-dimensional progress of the reaction phase boundary (R3) fol lowed by the first order decay of partially dehydrated porous particles (FI ) appear to be the best fit models for the two steps of dehydration. When the hydrated salt is calcined at temJlerature above 450", rapid dehydration renders the mate rial JlOrous and therefore, subsequent dechlorination also follows first order decay law (FI). Generally, there is a broad agree ment in mechanistic model as well as in Arrhenius parameters between isothermal and non-isothermal methods of dehydra tion.


This note describes a procedure to match companies and individuals listed in Crunchbase, a new database on innovative start-ups and companies, with patent applicants and inventors reported in PATSTAT, the worldwide intellectual property database maintained by the European Patent Office. Given that neither administrative nor other unique identifiers are available in either of the two databases, the matching is based on a "fuzzy" procedure that exploits the available overlapping information across the two databases. A general overview of the resulting database completes the note.


Prasarani is one of the drugs used for treating Vata Rogas such as Ama Vata, Avabahuka etc. Among the different source plants of Prasarani , the plant Merremia tridentata Hallier.f. is mostly used in South India and the plant Paderia foetida Linn. in North India, hence taken in the present work for comparative study on Amavata . The disease Amavata resembles with Rheumatoid Arthritis (R.A.). Both the plants Merremia tridentata Hallier.f. and Paderia foetida Linn. have good effect on the disease Amavata . Among the two, the plant Paderia foetida Linn. has a better effect than Merremia tridentata Hallier.f. The plant Merremia tridentata Hallier.f. has a little more advantage over the plant Paderia foetida Linn.which possess offensive odour which will not reduce fully even after boiling.


This study discusses the use of dynamic assessment for pedagogical purposes. Conducting dynamic assessment (DA), grounded in Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD), we studied a group of Thai university students who had difficulties in speaking English. We adopted DA as an alternative assessment in the context of teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). This investigation is aimed at the students' potential to improve their speaking skills in the test task called elicited imitation (EI). EI, which prompted the students to repeat sentences, was used to target specific features of the students' English speaking in this study namely meaning, syntax, vocabulary, pronunciation, and fluency. Through the test-train-retest design, DA improved the students' English speaking. The findings of both qualitative and quantitative data indicated positive impacts of DA on the students. Data from retrospective interviews and diaries showed that DA brought about meaningful learning experiences. The students also exhibited positive attitudes toward DA. The findings suggest that DA can be used in a classroom practice to promote development in the students' English speaking ability.


This casebook provides an overview of the main international and regional legal standards related to the human rights of women and explores their development and practical application in light of contemporary times, challenges, and advances. It navigates the nuances of the ongoing problems of discrimination and gender-based violence, and analyzes them in the context of modern challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the MeToo movement and its aftermath, the growth of non-state actors, environment and climate change, sexual orientation and gender identity, and the digital world, among others. © Rosa Celorio 2022.


Fault simulator for acpASC needs to deal with hazards, oscillations and races. The simplest algorithm for simulating faults is the serial fault simulation technique which was successfully used for the acpASC. Faster fault simulation techniques, for example deductive fault simulation, was previously used for the combinational and synchronous sequential circuits only. In this paper a deductive fault simulator for the stuck-at faults of acSI acpASC is presented. An algorithm for the propagation of the fault lists is proposed which can deal with the complex gates of the acpASC. The implemented deductive fault simulator was tested using acSI benchmark circuits. The experimental results show significant reduction of the computation time and negligible increase of the memory requirements in comparison with the serial fault simulation technique.


KNO scaling was put forward by Koba, Nielsen, and Olesen (KNO) in 1972. Although it is an important tool for explaining multiplicity distributions and formulated for the asymptotic energies, it has...


In mountainous areas, irregular terrain significantly affects spatial variations of climatic variables and the reflectance of pixels in remote sensing imagery. Consequently, the variations may affect the estimation of net primary productivity (NPP). The light-use efficiency (LUE) model is used to analyse topographic influence on NPP by evaluating topographic effects on primary input data to the model, including both Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and climatic data. A typical green coniferous forest in Yoshino Mountain, Japan, was employed as the study area. The results show that the average NPP is significantly increased after removing topographic influences on NDVI; the average NPP has a relatively minimal change when only topographic effects on climatic data are considered. When both topographic effects on NDVI and climatic data are considered, the average NPP is 1.80 kg m−2 yr−1, which is very similar to the ground measurement result of 1.74 kg m−2 yr−1.


In a previous job I took on the thankless task of making the work rota. At the start I realised that when any of the middle grade doctors were on officially sanctioned study leave or annual leave, colleagues would assume that they had just decided to take a day off. On returning to work, these blameless individuals would often be greeted with "Oh, where have you been? None of us knew where you were."

This could be very upsetting and …


There are 275 million tonnes of plastic waste produced worldwide based on data compiled by Jenna R. Jambeck of the University of Georgia in 2010, and about 4.8-12.7 million tonnes of them were wasted and polluted the sea. As a coastal population of 187.2 million, each year Indonesia is producing an astonishing amount of plastic waste. It is an irony when Indonesia becomes one of the fourth largest waste-producing countries in the world. This problem motivated us to provide community service about a minimal waste lifestyle and invite young people in Yogyakarta to change their mindset towards plastic waste. The method of community service is carried out by holding a mini workshop with the theme of minimal Waste Lifestyle, to provide a change in mindset for the people involved, so that they can adopt a lifestyle of minimal waste. The results of this community service shows that to implement a minimal waste lifestyle, continuous education is needed so that people can adopt this lifestyle starting from themselves and reusing existing waste.


Abrikosov-Gor'kov (AG) theory, the foundation for understanding pair-breaking effects in conventional superconductors, is inadequate when there is an excitation gap (pseudogap) present at the onset of superconductivity. In this paper we present an extension of AG theory within two important, and diametrically opposite, approaches to the cuprate pseudogap. The effects of impurities on the pseudogap onset temperature ${T}^{*}$ and on ${T}_{c},$ along with comparisons to experiment, are addressed.


Heavy metals are among the most important pollutants in marine environment. Top predator species are particularly at risk of adverse effects due to heavy metal exposure, thus knowing the contribution of diet to pollutants body burden is extremely important. The present work reports on the evaluation of heavy metals presence in some components of bottlenose dolphin diet, trying to define which could be the contribution that each of them give to the body burden of predators. The obtained data confirm the reduced contamination by lead and mercury of the Adriatic Sea, while cadmium is generally present at concentrations within the range of toxic subchronic threshold defined for marine species. Thus it is possible to consider that a diet containing such levels can potentially induce some alteration also in higher organisms, dolphin included. For arsenic As, mean concentrations are in the range of background levels, but the amounts detected are in the range of tissue concentration corresponding to adverse effects in aquatic organisms, so a potential toxic effect can be considered for the species studied and also for dolphins.


Tunnel field-effect-transistor (TFET) based biosensor is proposed, and it is shown that they can surpass by several orders, the performance of those based on conventional FET (CFET) and hence, can potentially revolutionize the biosensing applications. Analytical formula is derived for the sensitivity and response time to provide physical insights in terms of material bandgap and operation regime of the TFET biosensor for achieving optimal results. At the same time, rigorous numerical simulations have been performed in order to obtain accurate values of sensitivity for both biomolecule and pH sensing operations. The time dependent response of the biosensors has also been discussed through analytical and numerical solutions. It is shown that while the CFET biosensors suffer from fundamental limitations on the maximum sensitivity and minimum detection time achievable, TFET biosensors, with their fundamentally different current injection mechanism in the form of band-to-band tunneling, can overcome such limit...


This study aimed at measuring the effectiveness of the use of educational video when teaching Al-Qaida Al-Nooraniah in providing the kindergarten child with the correct pronunciation of the Arabic letters. The first is experimental, the number of its members is (30), and the second is control, and the number of its members is (30) children from kindergartens in Jordan. The researcher used as a study tool the educational video, an oral test, a written test, and the study concluded that the experimental group was superior in pronunciation skills compared to the control group. There are statistically significant differences at the level of the function (α≤0.05) in the children's use of the educational video that includes the light rule on their achievement in pronunciation of letters in the Arabic language subject.


Background: Lung cancer has the highest frequency among cancers worldwide. It is the leading cause of cancer-induced death in industrialized countries. Abnormal glycosylation of cell surface and extracellular matrix glycoconjugates are among the most critical issues in neoplasia. Objectives: This present study aimed to detect N – acetyl glucosamine (GlcNac) and L- fucose (L-fuc) containing glycoconjugates in lung cancer. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we selected paraffin blocks belonging to 25 patients with lung cancer from their pathology files at the Ali-Ebne Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan, Iran. Six µm sections were obtained from the blocks and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (H-E) and lectin histochemistry (UEA and SBA lectins). Alcian Blue pH 2.5 was used as a counterstain; lectins were diluted up to 10µg/ml, and DAB was used as a chromogen. Histochemical grading was conducted blindly according to staining intensity to lectins (0-3). The data was collected and analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test, using SPSS. Results: Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between inflammatory mucosa of the bronchial tree and all types of lung cancer (i.e., adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, as well as small and large cell lung carcinoma) according to staining intensity to SBA and UEA lectins (P < 0.001). Our results showed that there were many different patterns of reaction to SBA and UEA lectins between all types of lung cancer cells and epithelial cells of the bronchial tree. Conclusions: Staining intensity and pattern of reaction to lectins were different between all types of lung cancer cells and epithelial mucosa.


Country image is viewed as the overall perception of consumers from a particular country, based on their prior perception of the country's production and marketing strengths and weaknesses. Country image affects customer attitudes and purchase intention; however, the pattern of this relationship has not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the relationships among country image, electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) and purchase intention of Korean cosmetic products. In this study, a comprehensive set of constructs and hypotheses were compiled and tested. A questionnaire was constructed and data were collected from 255 customers in Beijing and Shanghai. The results indicated that e-WOM mediated the relationship between country image and intent to purchase Korean cosmetic products.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method for processing small-diameter vessel grafts made of biodegradable polymers by an electrospinning technique consists in exposing the above polymers either directly, or through a template to a fast electron beam generated by an electron accelerator in an exposure dose of 100-400 kGy. EFFECT: invention enables providing the strength of the graft and its segments by 1,5-2 times as high, improving mechanical properties of the vessel grafts, especially within plastic deformation, increasing a thread bursting strength, compressing strength and reducing a bend radius. 7 cl, 1 dwg, 4 tbl, 7 ex


Adsorption efficiency of lead and cadmium by pineapple waste and NaOH treated pineapple waste from aqueous solution were studied. The stem, leaf, fruit, and mixed waste of pineapple were used as raw materials. The influences of pH (2, 4, 6), contact time (15, 30, 60, 90 min), and temperature (30, 60 C) on adsorption experiments were evaluated. The character of adsorbent's packing (tightly packed or loosely packed) and its effect on metals ions adsorption was also studied. It was found that adsorbents from different pineapple wastes treated with sodium hydroxide have higher adsorption efficiency for cadmium and lead ions (> 95%) than untreated ones by about 50-100%. The Pb adsorption efficiency was higher than Cd adsorption efficiency for both NaOH treated and untreated wastes. The adsorption efficiencies for Pb and Cd ions of untreated and treated fruit waste are lower than leaf, stem, and mixed wastes. The equilibrium times for Pb and Cd adsorption on treated wastes are 30 minutes and 60 minutes, respectively. It was shown that Pb and Cd ions adsorptions by NaOH treated pineapple wastes are endothermal processes. The Cd and Pb adsorption efficiencies are increased with increasing pH above pH 2. They reach maximum at pH 4 and then a slightly decreased at pH 6. Finally, the effect of packing showed that Pb and Cd removal efficiency of NaOH treated loosely packed mixed pineapple waste was higher than for tightly packed waste. The equilibrium adsorption times were 30 minute and 90 minute for the loosely and tightly packed wastes, respectively. .


The Cascaded Integrator Comb filter is an efficient filter widely used for decimation or interpolation in the application of Software Radio.It is mainly used to reduce or improve the sample frequency and can be used as a low pass filter.For the multi-rate signal processing in software radio and in order to reduce sample rate,firstly this paper describes the key points of Cascade Integrator Comb(CIC) filter theory,then a detailed CIC filter's design and implementation method based on FPGA are given.Secondly the filter is simulated and synthesized with the FPGA using the VHDL language and its simulation results are given.This result of simulation shows that the design is effective and practical.Finally it is used in the development of circuit of DDC successfully.


AbstractA modified automatic interaction detector (MAID) was combined with discriminant analysis (DA) to form MAIDDA to determine if it might improve classification results over classical DA models. MAIDDA was applied to the graduating classes of 1983 and 1984 at the United States Air Force Academy, with the dependent variable being a persister/dropout criterion. Predictive efficiency classification increases of 16.71% and 12.01%, respectively, were found for the years in question. Cross-validation analysis indicates that the unique contribution of MAID can be estimated to be a 14.53% increase in the hit rate after four splits with a very acceptable shrinkage of just 5.74%. Results seem to indicate that MAIDDA is a promising clustering technique in classification.


Internal ballistic analysis usually assumes that propellant grains are all of the same size and configuration, and they are ignited uniformly with all surface areas of the grains exposed. According to these assumptions the burning rate of propellant is determined from closed vessel tests. The burning rate law coefficients may be calculated from differentiation or integration of experimental pressure-time curve obtained from closed vessel testing. Different fine-grained propellants were fired in closed vessel tests to determine their burning rate behaviour. In order to determine burning rate law coefficients the variations in mass of igniter material (black powder) and variations in initial temperature of propellant at the same value of loading density were used. The rate of pressure change and dynamic vivacity calculations obtained from closed vessel experiments let us understand the physics of the interaction of involved energy from igniter material with gun propellant and report the influence of the phenomena on values of burning rate coefficients.


A binomial array is a non-uniform antenna array for which the elements are equally spaced wit h unequal amplitude excitation using a specified current exci tation known as binomial excitation. In this work a linear broadside dipole antenna is utilized to study the impact of t he number, spacing and amplitude excitations of the elements o n the radiation characteristics using 4NEC2 simulation sof tware and compared to its analogues uniform array. The spa cing between the elements varied from 0.1 λ to 2λ in steps of 0.02λ for a number of elements up to 10 elements. The best configuration achieving a 12.8 dBi gain was 10-elem ent with 0.82λ spacing which may be used for GSM application at 1.8GHz frequency.


Journal, magazine, and newspaper articles provided by the databases licensed by the Seminole State Library. Some databases may include bookcontent and freely available articles.


The present invention, inhibition of base excision repair pathway, to the finding that the cells lacking HR dependent DNA DSB repair selectively is lethal. The methods and means components of base excision repair (PARP etc.) for cancer therapy which is deficient in HR dependent DNA DSB repair using inhibitors that target are provided herein.


The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to examine HR executives' perspectives on employability enhancement for employees and how it is operationalized in their workplace. The exploratory questions that guided the study were, What are the perspectives of HR executives regarding employability enhancement for employees, and In what ways and under what conditions is organizational support of employability enhancement demonstrated through workplace learning initiatives? The conceptual framework for this study is based on Clarke and Patrickson's (2008) list of assumptions concerning employability as the premise for the new employment contract. Data collected consisted of background questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, organizational documents, and researcher reflective journal notes. Cross case analysis yielded four major themes of "Shared Responsibility," "The Power of Learning Attitude," "Assessment for Growth," and "Resource Availability." These four themes include discussions of the roles and responsibilities for employability, desired employee learning attitudes, recommended assessment activities, and conditions affecting development opportunities provided by organizations. Implications for organizations, their employees, and HRD professionals are described. This study contributes empirical research on today's employment contract based on an employability model from the organization's perspective. It also adds to the body of literature on employability rarely focused on, employability enhancement for employees.


The innovative and most important features of the animal model are twofold. First, equations are developed for each animal that include all of the environmental and genetic influences that affect the trait being evaluated. Second, the genetic relationships of each animal being evaluated to every other related one that is identified - sire, dam, offspring, sisters, brothers, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc. - are included simultaneously by adding the inverse of the genetic relationship matrix (A1 in genetic jargon) to the genetic equations for cows. The net result is that everything that affects a cow's performance for a trait - genetics, location (herd), year and season of calving, weather, nutrition, exposure to disease - can be included inone of the many equations and the cow's record will be adjusted for it. Effects of nutrition, weather and exposure to disease are generally accounted for by the herd-year-season equations. Equations for environmental affects and those for cows, which may together number in the millions, are then solved simultaneously to get the most accurate measure of the animal's genetic value possible.


Jacqueline Fear-Segal's White Man's Club: Schools, Race, and the Struggle of Indian Acculturation analyzes the "foundation years of the Indian school system, 1875–1900" through the lenses of race relations to sustain the claim that Indian education aimed at the racial formation of Indian students as nonwhites (xviii). Grounded in theories of domination of subordinate groups, power relations, and nationalism derived from James C. Scott, Michel Foucault, and Benedict Anderson, this work considers how a discourse of race played a fundamental role in the shaping of Indian education and how Indian students' lives were impacted by it. The author focuses on the educational philosophies of Samuel Armstrong and Richard Pratt and their relation to contemporary attitudes toward race to unveil the racial agenda imprinted in the dayto-day practices of the pioneering institutions they directed, Hampton and Carlisle. The author's main argument is that Indian schools, including Carlisle, did not prepare children for entering U.S. society on an equal footing with whites but, rather, for racial segregation. The narrative of the book runs from a macro level of nineteenthcentury theories of race and Indian education to a few micro histories of Carlisle students, which, reconstructed through published records, illuminate the endurance of native cultures to this day. In between, the reader is informed about indigenous educational practices and perspectives on schooling; mission schools and the shift to a centralized government system, as exemplifi ed by the Santee Normal Training School in the Dakota Mission; Hampton and the social evolutionary character of its curriculum; the bicultural life of Thomas Alford, a Hampton graduate; and fi nally Carlisle, its universalist intent, and the many contradictions that spoke of a racial agenda embedded in this "Americanizing" institution, particularly the spatial layout of the campus, the Indian cemetery, and the publication Indian Helper. The book poignantly concludes with "Powwow 2000: Remembering the Carlisle Indian School," an event that, for the fi rst time in over one hundred years, brought hundreds of Native Americans once more to Carlisle; this time to pay tribute, honor, and remember the lives of those who attended it. One of the strengths of this book is the use of photographs, maps, school buildings, and "structure and circulation elements (roads, paths, fences, entrances, and exits)" as primary sources for spatial analysis (xviii). Examined with methods derived from landscape history and human geography, they provide new insights into the hidden


The authors describe an unusually case of throat tumor and dyspnea in course of Elongated Styloid Process Syndrome. They pay attention to X-ray examination, including CT, in correct diagnosis.


The authors report the case of a 17-year-old patient with an osteoma of the frontoethmoidal sinus who had a secondary abscess of the frontal lobe and an intracranial mucocele. Clinical, radiological, and surgical correlates of this triad are presented.


Comparative dietary response of the different strains of the direct fed microbials namely Lactobacilli, Lactococci and Yeast isolated from indigenous sources was studied as probiotics in the commercial egg type chicken. Various treatments consisted of T0 (Controlculture medium), T1 (Lactobacillus salivarius- isolated from cauliflower), T2 (Lactococcus faecium- isolated from Banana), T3 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae-isolated from bread khamir), T4 (Lactobacillus bulgaricus -a standard L4), T5 (Lactococcus lactis- a standard S1) and T6 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae- standard Y3). From 1st week to 33rd week of age, layer birds were fed starter, grower and layer mash with or without newly isolated and standard direct fed microbial (DFM). At the end of 8th and 17th week, birds were weighed to asses growth performance and the egg laying performance were recorded for the next 16 weeks. Growth performance was better in test treatment T1(Lactobacillus salivarius), standard T4(Lactobacillus bulgaricus L4) and T5 (Lactococcus lactis S1) as compared to control T0. Addition of isolated DFM to the layer diet affected apparent nitrogen and calcium retention and ether extract digestibility during lying phase but had no effect on physical and chemical egg quality parameters. Lactobacillus salivarius isolated from cauliflower thus seemed to be a new promising probiotic for the commercial chick production.


Two field trials, lasting five weeks each, were conducted during the summer of 1989 to evaluate the effectiveness of an annex ventilation system used to supply summer ventilation rates in a swine nursery building. Assessment was based both on climatic environment data and growth response of 96 early weaned crossbred pigs, three to four weeks old when weaned. Under mild summer conditions the ventilation system provided sufficient control of the environment and resulted in animal heat stress of short duration and intensity. During periods of very hot weather the system failed to provide a thermal microenvironment within acceptable limits and pigs were subjected to longer intervals of heat stress. Heat stress degree-hours during Trial II were more than two times those of Trial I, but this did not seem to have a negative effect on the animals' growth performance.


In situ measurements of 12C/13C of atmospheric CO2 on Mars made by Viking are, within error, similar to values normally encountered on Earth. However, high precision isotopic measurements made on SNC meteorites show there to be a 40‰ fractionation between carbon associated with silicate minerals (δ13C ≈ −25‰, 12C/13C ≈ 91.3) and trapped CO2 gas or carbonate minerals (δ13C ≈ +15‰, 12C/13C ≈ 87.7). To a first approximation, it can be considered that the silicate-sited carbon in SNC meteorites carries the isotopic signature of the element present at depth in the Martian crust; herein it is considered that this magmatic carbon is representative of bulk Mars. On the other hand, carbon in the form of carbonate most probably results from secondary processes in operation at the surface of the planet. Trapped CO2 is thought to be a sample of Martian atmospheric gas. The significant difference in isotopic composition between the different components in SNC meteorites is difficult to interpret in terms of closed-system equilibrium or kinetic isotopic fractionation effects. Rather, it seems that the relative enrichment of 13C in surficial carbon is due to preferential removal of the lighter isotope during an atmospheric loss process. Between 30 and 70 mbar of CO2 may have been lost from the atmosphere to outer space.


The carcinogenicity of beryllium to several animal species is well established and evidence exists which strongly suggests that this is the case in human exposure. In this review several biochemical properties of the metallocarcinogen are considered including, the causation of cell transformation, and infidelity of DNA synthesis, inhibition of cell division and enzyme induction, and interference with regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression. These effects are discussed in relation to beryllium chemistry, cellular accumulation mechanisms and distribution to subcellular organdies and molecular targets. It is suggested that the ultimate location and interactions of the metal ion in cell nuclei and its selective inhibition of certain protein phosphorylation reactions in particular are the biochemical effects potentially most relevant to induction of beryllium carcinogenesis.


Purpose – The purpose of this research is to identify the organization, functions, and forms of talk that occur as groups collectively review, interpret, and organise information sought and retrieved as part of a learning activity.Design/methodology/approach – Participants in the study were undergraduate students conducting a series of group investigations into the topic of information management. A content analysis of the discourse generated during the presentation‐planning stage of the group investigations was conducted.Findings – Findings relate to the discovery of a focus formulation step; speakers' use of structuring, informing, eliciting, and summarizing sequences; and speakers' use of exploratory, coordinating, disputational, and cumulative forms of talk. Variations in the use of the functions and forms of talk across the steps of the task and across the groups are discussed.Research limitations/implications – Issues relating to the reliability and validity of the content analysis are discussed; al...


In theory, a novice teacher who has been well prepared is more likely to swim than to sink during the first year in the classroom. Conversely, a poorly prepared teacher is more likely to struggle. And no one has clearer ideas about what is lacking in a teacher education program than a recent graduate of that program who is grappling with his or her first year of teaching. We analyzed interviews with first-year, middle school math teachers, as well as with their principals and formal mentors to learn how these teachers thought their preservice training could have better prepared them for their first jobs. Three major themes emerged from the interviews. Many of the math teachers thought their training had done an inadequate job preparing them for diverse populations of students; that their student teaching experience was poorly aligned with their first job; or that they lacked sufficient math content knowledge in general or grade-level knowledge of math content in particular. Running the classroom: Crash course in urban schools Not surprisingly, the new teachers in our study often struggled to manage their classrooms, a perennial trouble spot for beginning educators. But the teachers did not necessarily cite a lack of training in classroom management as the root of the problem. Rather, many of them said classroom management would have been easier if they had learned more during their preservice training about culturally diverse children, children living in poverty, and children who are otherwise at risk. In other words, many teachers in the sample said that neither their classroom training nor their student teaching experience adequately prepared them for the high-poverty and inner-city schools where they found their first jobs. Carole (the teachers' names have been changed to protect their privacy), for example, was not ready for the "cultural shift" as her principal put it, that she faced at a school in a black neigh-borhood where many of the children came from families who had lived in poverty for three generations or more; she found classroom management in this environment daunting. In an incident that left her badly shaken, a student showed Carole pictures he had taken that depicted gang activity, a prospect she had never considered. Not knowing what to do, she reported the student to her principal. When the student learned that she had reported him, he began to behave threat-eningly in her classroom. Carole went through a stressful period that she described as "scary" and "intense." She was able to lean on the vice principal for emotional support, but only after the principal gave her a book about how to handle classroom power struggles did Carole manage to regain control in her classroom. Her principal said Carole's experience is typical of new teachers at his school, who have to learn on the job how to deal with the kinds of problems that the neighborhood's children bring to school every day. Teachers "really don't get a handle on that until they're actually here for a while," he said. "That's a difficult thing." Student teaching: Out of the suburbs, into the fire Most of the new math teachers identified student teaching as one of the most valuable parts of their training. Yet, when they struggled to meet the needs of diverse learners in inner-city schools, the new teachers often pointed to student teaching as part of the reason. Their student teaching assignments in predominantly white suburban schools in middle-class neighborhoods, they said, had left them unprepared for the population of students they faced in their first jobs. Jill, a new teacher, said her training and experience in a suburban school were "obsolete" in her inner-city, all-boys, 8th-grade math class. Adjusting to a different school population was one of her biggest challenges, she said. "All my training and stuff in school, it was suburban and not inner city," she said, "so none of it works. …


The invention comprises an electrically resistant type corrosion measuring probe comprising a control element exposed to a corossive medium and a reference element which is protected against this medium. ELECTRIC CIRCUIT IS CONNECTED TO THE ELEMENTS TO MEASURE THE RATIO OF THEIR RESISTORS 80, 82. A CORROSION SIGNAL HAVING A TEMPERATURE CORRECTION OF THE FIRST ORDER IS OBTAINED. SECONDARY TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION IS PROVIDED IN RELATION TO THE DYNAMIC VARIATIONS IN THE TEMPERATURE OF THE CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENT BY MEASURING THE TEMPERATURES OF THE CONTROL AND REFERENCE ELEMENTS USING THERMOCOUPLES R, T AND COMBINING THE CORROSION SIGNAL 110 WITH THE SIGNAL 112 RESULTING FROM THE DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF THE DIFFERENCE OF THE TEMPERATURES OF THE ELEMENTS.


The main results of the exhaust gas pressure error state of air compressor were analyzed. And according to the breakdown of air filtration chip, air-bleeding valve of compressed air, the countermeasures were put forward.


In response to the demands of large-scale data processing with low-power and new application, a storage system using SSD (Solid State Disk/Drive) with fast input-output performance instead of hard disc has appeared as storage device. Studies on methods to overcome specific problems of SSD such as various processing data units, out-place-update and limited delete count have been actively conducted. However, declining performance and stability have not been resolved yet when storing case specific data with small scale that causes frequent random write in hard disc or SSD. This thesis suggests a system structure that stores index requesting frequent random write in NVRAM capable of byte access by using characteristics such as byte unit fast read / write of NVRAM, non-volatile and smaller size of actual changed data size in index page than block size.


This study aims to determine the magnitude of the Effect of Training, Compensation, Work Discipline and Work Culture on Employee Performance at PT. Bank of Southeast Sulawesi Unaaha Branch. The population in this study were all employees of PT. The Unaaha Branch of the Southeast Sulawesi Bank totaling 31 people. The sampling technique uses saturated samples so that the number of respondents is 31 people. The analytical method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that partially the variables of training, compensation, and work discipline have a positive and significant effect on work performance, while the work culture variable has a negative and not significant effect on work performance.


Background Unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT) is associated with delayed hematopoietic recovery. Intrabone injection of cord blood cells (IB-UCBT) and double-UCBT (dUCBT) are designed to circumvent this problem. Methods In a retrospective registry-based analysis, we compared outcomes of 87 IB-UCBT with 149 dUCBT recipients, after myeloablative conditioning regimen adjusting for the differences between the two groups. Median-infused total nucleated cells were 2.5×107/kg for IB-UCBT and 3.9×107/kg for dUCBT (P<0.001). Results At day +30, cumulative incidence (CI) of neutrophil recovery was 76% and 62% (P=0.014) with a median time to engraftment of 23 and 28 days (P=0.001), after IB-UCBT and dUCBT, respectively. At day +180, CI of platelets recovery was 74% after IB-UCBT, and 64%, after dUCBT (P=0.003). In multivariate analysis, IB-UCBT was associated with neutrophil and platelets recovery and lower acute graft versus host disease (II–IV) (P<0.01). At 2 years, CI of nonrelapse mortality and relapse incidence were 30% and 25% after IB-UCBT and 34% and 29% after dUCBT, and disease-free survival was 45% and 37%, respectively. However, after landmark analysis at 4.7 months from transplantation, in multivariate analysis, relapse incidence was reduced (P=0.03), and there was a trend for better disease-free survival after IB-UCBT (P=0.09). Conclusion Both approaches expand the possibility of offering UCBT to patients with hematopoietic malignancies; IB-UCBT is associated with faster myeloid and platelet recovery and lower acute graft versus host disease and may reduce the total cost. However, studies on cost effectiveness are needed to compare both strategies.


Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of combination of hemoperfusion(HP) with hemodialysis(HD) in the treatment of acute severe poisoning.Method: On the basis of conventional treatment,the treatment group applied HP+HD,the control group only applied HD.The duration of coma,days of staying in hospital,rate of recovery and death in the two groups were compared.Result: The results showed that the duration of coma(P0.01),days of staying in hospital(P0.05),rate of recovery(P0.05) were significantly decreased,but the rate of death(P0.05) was significantly increased in the treatment group than those in the control group.Conclusion: Combination of hemoperfusion with hemodialysis is obviously effective in the treatment of acute severe poisoning,and should be the first choice.


Mulberry (Morus sp.) of the family Moraceae is very economically important in Asian countries including Korea, because its leaf and fruit have been commercially used in sericulture and horticultural industries. Therefore it is necessary to develop the optimal production system for rapid and cost-effective propagation of mulberry. Our studies focused on establishing an acclimatization method for the successful plantlet production of new cultivar 'Cheongsu' which was transferred ex vitro after in vitro culture. In particular, effect of abscisic acid (ABA) addition into the last subculture medium on plantlet response to subsequent ex vitro transfer and its growth was investigated. During acclimatization, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of ABA-pretreated plantlets were significantly lower than those of non-treated plantlets. Net photosynthetic rate of ABA-pretreated plantlets decreased after ex vitro transfer but increased after 14 days, and it was mostly higher than that of non-treated plantlets. Moreover, relative water content as well as chlorophyll contents and its ratio were also higher in ABA-pretreated plantlets. On the other hand, proline was considerably higher than in control plantlets. After 1 month of ex vitro transfer, survival rate of ABA-pretreated plantlets was 85.6%, which increased by 29.1% in comparison with control (56.5%). More vigorous growth was also observed in ABA-pretreated plantlets. From these results, it was found that application of ABA to the last subculture medium could improve acclimatization and promote survival of mulberry plantlets after ex vitro transfer, inducing water stress tolerance and alleviating abiotic stresses.


As a result of an error at the Publisher, the incorrect version of Figure 3 (panel (a)) was published. The corrected figure appears below. IOP Publishing sincerely regrets this error.


The modern distributed systems introduce new constraints. Therefore, there are subject to different types of faults. A running application should proceed normally and especially end to achieve its goals despite the presence of faults. Hence, the fault tolerance is very important in this context. Among the fault tolerance techniques, we consider in this study, the checkpointing based recovery by proposing a new hybrid checkpointing protocol for MANETs.


A vaccine against influenza virus for use in eliciting an immune response in a patient 6 to <36 months comprising: (i) the hemagglutinin of at least two strains of influenza A and at least two strains of influenza virus B, laque the concentration of haemagglutinin per strain is at least 25 .mu.g / ml; and (ii) an adjuvant emulsion oil in water with submicron oil droplets, comprising squalene, wherein the squalene concentration is <= 10 mg / ml and the minimum amount of squalene per dose is 0.5 mg and in which the strains of influenza virus B include a strain of influenza virus B type B / Victoria / 2/87 and a strain of influenza virus B type B / Yamagata / 16/88 and wherein the vaccine has a unit dose volume of 0.2-0.3 ml or 0.5 ml.


The nature and magnitude of genetic diversity were estimated in 25 bitter gourd genotypes on 10 quantitative traits during the summer season under indo-gangetic plains of eastern Uttar Pradesh, so as to identify promising traits on which selection can be made. The experiment carried out following randomizing block design with three replications results indicted that high phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were found for fresh fruit yield per plant followed by fruit length, fruit width and number of fruits per plant, indicating high genetic variability in these traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for fruit length, yield per plant, fruit diameter, fruit weight, branch per plant and seeds per fruit, indicating the possible role of additive gene action. The path coefficient analysis based on fruit diameter as a dependent variable implicated that plant height had the highest positive direct effect on fruit yield. The emphasis should be given to improve fruit yield per plant in bitter gourd, focus should be given on fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter and plant height as it has positive correlation with fruit yield per plant.


This paper introduces the M-Zones approach for the integrated management of distributed networks, services and applications within Smart Spaces. The main objective of this approach is the realisation of software, systems and services that address composition, scalability, reliability and robustness as well as autonomous self-adaptation. It focuses on middleware for management, control and use of fully distributed resources. The term integration refers to the task of unifying existing instrumentations for middleware and management, not their replacement. The rationale of this work stems from the fact, that the current situation of Smart Spaces and management systems can be described with the term interworking. The actually needed integration of management and middleware concepts is still an open issue. However, identified trends in communications and computing demand for integrated concepts rather than the definition of new interworking scenarios. The approach is discussed in three steps. First, a general framework is defined based on the hypothesis and an evaluation of the target environments. The second step is the derivation of a conception for ubiquitous management from this general framework. The last step is the realisation of this architecture and its exploitation.


The paper describes a new integral equation method to solve 3D arbitrary discontinuity problems in a waveguide, where the potential type dyadic Green's function of the waveguide is used. Combining the network method and boundary element method, the generalized network parameters can be obtained directly. This method has a small memory size requirement and can achieve high accuracy.


The purpose of this study is to investigate by questionnaire method the guardian's mental attitudes and self-esteem toward their children with muscular dystrophy according to the sex, the age, the academic background, the family budget monthly income, the children's grade, the body ability, the muscular dystrophy recognition lapse, and religion. The guardian's mental attitudes toward their children with muscular dystrophy regarding the consultation hope, the basic recognition, the child custody, the personnel relationship and the childcare, the view of the future are very closely connected with each category and they are various from the whole categories.


Magnetization, AC susceptibility and $\mu$SR measurements have been performed in neutral phthalocyaninato lanthanide ([LnPc$_2]^0$) single molecule magnets in order to determine the low-energy levels structure and to compare the low-frequency spin excitations probed by means of macroscopic techniques, such as AC susceptibility, with the ones explored by means of techniques of microscopic character, such as $\mu$SR. Both techniques show a high temperature thermally activated regime for the spin dynamics and a low temperature tunneling one. While in the activated regime the correlation times for the spin fluctuations estimated by AC susceptibility and $\mu$SR basically agree, clear discrepancies are found in the tunneling regime. In particular, $\mu$SR probes a faster dynamics with respect to AC susceptibility. It is argued that the tunneling dynamics probed by $\mu$SR involves fluctuations which do not yield a net change in the macroscopic magnetization probed by AC susceptibiliy. Finally resistivity measurements in [TbPc$_2]^0$ crystals show a high temperature nearly metallic behaviour and a low temperature activated behaviour.


Nearly 3000 members of the Danish public, aged 15-76 yrs, were surveyed in 1976-1978 and 1993-1995 using postal questionnaires regarding their recreational use of forests and forest preferences. The sample increased their use of forests from the 1970s to the 1990s, accompanied by some minor changes in type of use. It was ascertained that the distance to the forest is of substantial importance for the number of forest visits made. Forest preferences were generally stable over the period, although some changes were found. The study also gauged public knowledge of the rules of forest access. The results are discussed in relation to other social trends and their impact on Danish forest policy. In conclusion, forest recreation research has influenced renewal of the Danish forest act and the national afforestation programme.


Purpose To assess anatomical and functional effects of long duration dive (8 to 12 hours) on the eye, by reproducing all the constraints undergone by professional divers, so as to prevent potential hazard to diver visual function.


In this article, the notion of intercultural communication in foreign language teaching is studied. Its aspects, goals and tasks are specified. Current problems of intercultural communication are defined in the research. The article analyzes the notion of World view and introduces Ukrainian Europe view.


Twelve species of Antarctic diatoms were studied to assess UV sensitivity in relation to cellular and molecular aspects of DNA damage and repair. Responses of cell survival, induction of DNA damage, and DNA repair capacity were determined. There was a wide range of interspecific UV‐sensitivity among diatoms. D37 values (average fluence to kill one cell) ranged from 681 J · m−2 (most sensitive) to 25,338 J · m−2 (most resistant). Molecular analysis (by radioimmunoassay) of UV‐induced DNA damage [induction of cys‐syn cyclobutane dimers and pyrimidine (6‐4) pyrimidone photoproducts] also revealed considerable variability among species [0.98–84 lesions · (108 daltons DNA)−1 induced by exposure to 2500 J · m−2]. Repair of DNA damage ranged from 0.18 to 2.72 lesions removed · (108 daltons DNA)−1 in 6 h; removal represented 0.72–73.5% of initial damage. Comparison of cellular responses associated with photoenhanced repair and nucleotide excision ("dark") repair indicated that light‐mediated correction of UV damage was an important factor in cell survival. There was a relationship between the number of photoproducts induced and cell survival, but not between repair efficiency and survival. The data also indicate a general dependence of photoproduct induction and D37 values on cell size and shape (expressed as the surface area: volume ratio which ranged from 0.07 to 0.66 between species) and suggest that these factors are indicators of UV sensitivity. Smaller cells with greater surface area: volume ratios sustained more damage per unit of DNA, had lower D37 values, and were more sensitive to UV exposure. The wide species variations observed in molecular and cellular responses to UV exposure emphasize the ecological implications of changes in natural UV regimes. These changes can act as determinants of cell size and taxonomic structure within phytoplankton communities and have as yet unknown effects on trophic interactions within the Antarctic ecosystem.


We read with great interest the article by Laure et al (1) where the authors investigated the accuracy of liver stiffness measurement (TE-LSM) in distinguishing porto-sinusoidal vascular liver disease (PSVD) from cirrhosis in patients with signs of portal hypertension (PH). The author's conclusions demonstrated that when TE-LSM <10 kPa, it is strongly suggested to consider a patient with PSVD and PH; on the contrary, when TE-LSM> 20 kPa, the possibility of considering PSVD is very unlikely. After reading this article carefully, we think the following concerns need to be pointed out.


Visual pathway nervous system, especially retinal nerve fibers, is the extension of nerve fibers in the cerebral cortex, which is derived from the development and differentiation of the ectoderm. Four of the 10 layers of retina are highly similar in function to the 4 of the 6 layers of gray matter, which regulate each other. Therefore, the retina has the title of "window of the brain" . In the past three decades, many scholars had explored the abnormal manifestations of visual system structure and function in schizophrenic patients from various perspectives, and many studies had explored the relationship between the changes of visual system structure and function and mental and neurological diseases, such as the predictive role of Parkinson′s disease, the predictive role of funds lesions in dementia, and the abnormal eyeball scanning in schizophrenia. In the past 10 years, with the rapid development of ophthalmic detection instruments, exploring the visual system structure and the relationship with schizophrenia has been pushed to a new platform again. This paper reviews the research context of visual system-brain covariance in the past three decades, and proposes some research directions in the future, in order to enhance our in-depth understanding of this field.

Key words:
Schizophrenia; Visual system-brain imaging; Electroretinography; Eye movements; Pupil response


Representing the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, this document is one of the entries in the Ten Hundred and One Word Challenge. As part of the challenge, the 46 Energy Frontier Research Centers were invited to represent their science in images, cartoons, photos, words and original paintings, but any descriptions or words could only use the 1000 most commonly used words in the English language, with the addition of one word important to each of the EFRCs and the mission of DOE: energy. The mission of ANSER is to revolutionize our understanding of molecules, materials and methods necessary to create dramatically more efficient technologies for solar fuels and electricity production.


Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) denoising is an important preprocessing step for real-world applications. Recently, sparse representation and low-rank representation based methods are proven effective in HSI denoising. However, most of these approaches only consider the low-rankness in the spectral domain and the sparsity in coding matrix. They have ignored the property that the coding matrix of each atom is also low-rank, i.e., low-rankness also exists in the spatial domain. In this paper, a reweighed sparse low-rank nonnegative tensor factorization (RSLRNTF) method is proposed to restore an HSI. It takes an HSI as a third-order tensor and factorizes it into the combination of a few component tensors where each one is the outer product of a low-rank matrix (coding matrix) and a vector (atom). Additionally, a reweighed L1 norm is added to coding matrices to enforce their sparsity. The low-rankness in both the spatial domain and the spectral domain as well as sparsity in the spatial domain improve the denoising performance. Furthermore, the nonnegativity in both coding matrices and dictionary leads to parts-based representation of HSI, which facilitates preserving local fine structure information. Experimental results on synthetic data and real-world data demonstrate the superiority of proposed method.


Truth maintenance is a collection of techniques for doing belief revision. A truth maintenance system's task is to maintain a set of beliefs in such a way that they are not known to be contradictory and no belief is kept without a reason. Truth maintenance systems were introduced in the late seventies by Jon Doyle and in the last five years there has been an explosion of interest in this kind of systems. In this paper we present an annotated bibliography to the literature of truth maintenance systems, grouping the works referenced according to several classifications.


Environmental swipe samples are taken by IAEA Safeguards inspectors inside nuclear installations such as enrichment facilities and facilities with hot cells. These samples are screened by radiometric methods before further processing in order to establish the identity and quantity of radioactive isotopes present. High resolution gamma spectrometry is used to measure the concentrations of fission and activation products in radioactive samples as a measure of the burn-up of the fuel handled in the inspected facility. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is applied to screen for uranium presence in low activity samples. Subsampling of swipes taken inside hot cells is also performed using adhesive carbon discs followed by alpha/beta counting. The sample preparation, measurement and data evaluation procedures are described and examples given of typical results.


The structure and morphology of nanoporous alumina (NP Al2O3) films on Al substrates are investigated by terahertz (THz) reflectometry and scattering imaging. One inhomogeneous area is identified in THz C-scan results off specular conditions at various angles. The thickness of NP Al2O3 films calculated based on THz results is in excellent agreement with destructive cross-sectional field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) measurements.


The purpose of this article is to look at the historical approach to the concept of university teaching. The etymological meaning of the word is clarified and its use in everyday and specialized language is examined to determine when it was incorporated into scientific language. The concept of university teaching appeared in the early 20th century as a general theory of instruction at the college level. Later, other didactic elements were added to give the concept meaning as a specialized area of teaching. Problems relative to higher education are analyzed from a theoretical standpoint with an eye towards facilitating a translation of languages to communicate the sense or meaning of knowledge in student learning and practice.


The use of fluoroepoxy compounds as adhesives to bond fluoroplastics was investigated. Fluoroepoxy compounds with a F-content higher than 46 percent were able to bond a highly fluorinated plastic such as Teflon PTFE (76 percent F) to give a respectable bond strength without any surface treatment. The advantage of the fluoroepoxy adhesive vanished when applied to a less fluorinated plastic such as Tefzel which contains 55 percent fluorine. Among the curing agents explored, octafluorooctamethylenediamine showed its potential as a cocuring agent for improving both the viscosity of the compound and the flexibility of the cured product.


Several spices and some herbs have received increased attention as sources of effective natural antioxidants. Particularly, rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a Lamiaceae plant with high content of phenolic antioxidant substances, and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is a natural source of carotenoids (lutein and -carotene) which were also recognized to possess antioxidant activity. In this work the simultaneous extraction of leaves of a rosemary/spinach mixture (50 weight % of each plant) was investigated and compared with the extraction of the separate species. Three different extraction techniques were applied: (i) solid-liquid extraction at ambient pressure and using ethanol or hexane at 50C, (ii) accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with the same liquid solvents but at higher temperatures (100 and 150C) and pressure (100 bar); and (iii) supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with pure CO2 at 40C and different pressures (200 and 300 bar). All extracts obtained were studied in terms of the presence of antioxidant substances. Carotenoids and phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC analysis. Despite the extraction procedure and conditions applied, the results obtained show a linear behavior in terms of extraction yield and composition of key antioxidant compounds. The antioxidant activity of all samples was determined by the DPPH test and the effect of the simultaneous extraction (the mixed spinach/rosemary plant matrix) on the antioxidant activity of the extracts was analyzed and discussed.


The relationship between air traffic delays and competition has received much attention recently. I estimate the price responses to longer flight delays in competitive and non-competitive markets, using a policy change to instrument for potentially endogenous flight delays in the price regressions. I find that prices fall substantially in competitive markets but not so in non-competitive markets. Quantile regressions on the price distribution imply that prices fall most for business travelers who have sufficient flexibility to switch to more restricted tickets while the price decrease is smallest for the least elastic travelers at the top of the price distribution.


Previous studies have shown that colonial discourses about sexuality have come from
the West to Colombian schools, loaded with endless impositions, religious traditions and beliefs.
Along with these have emerged social imaginaries about sexual identity that cause discrimination
and violence toward what does not meet the standard of normality, while not being heterosexual
or man / woman corresponding to biological sex. These imaginaries go through different spaces
of socialization, such as family and society, which strongly affect the way in which students see
themselves, but also in the way they understand others.
Thus, sexual identity emerges as a concept that allows to approach cultural, social and
personal elements, about sexual orientation, gender identity and sex, trying to answer the question:
?What are the imaginaries of the students of the ninth grade of the Doce de Octubre Educational
Institution of Medellin about the sexual identity of themselves and of the others?, retaking the
hermeneutic approach that allows an understanding of what is sought, using the interactive
workshop technique, managing to find that within the educational institution fluctuate social
imaginaries between coloniality and decoloniality. The study concludes that the school continues
to perpetuate them, being able to affirm that this is still the reproducer of the past, for that reason,
the importance that sexual education is addressed from the integrality, recognizing those positions
that bet on the change and social transformation


Purpose— To evaluate the monocular oral reading rate, accuracy, fluency and comprehension in 10-year-old children previously treated for amblyopia. Design— Prospective observational case series Methods— 79 children (mean age 10.3 years) previously treated in a multicenter randomized trial comparing patching and atropine were tested at 7 sites using a modification of the Gray Oral Reading Test, Edition 4.0 (GORT-4). Results— The mean visual acuities in the amblyopic and fellow eyes at the time of the reading assessment were 0.17 logMAR (approximately 20/32) and − 0.03 logMAR (approximately 20/20), respectively. Compared with the sound eye, amblyopic eye performance was worse when reading orally with respect to rate (P <0.001), accuracy (P = 0.03), and fluency (P <0.001). Reading comprehension scores were similar with the amblyopic and fellow eyes (P=0.45). Similar results were found with respect to original treatment group assignment (atropine or patching). There was a modest correlation between interocular difference (IOD) of visual acuity at age 10 years and IOD in reading rate (r = 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.18 to 0.56) and fluency (r = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.49). There was no correlation between the IOD in visual acuity and IOD in accuracy (r=0.08, 95% CI = − 0.14 to 0.30) or comprehension (r = 0.16, 95% confidence interval − 0.05 to 0.37). Conclusions— The monocular oral reading ability when measured with the GORT-4 was slightly worse when reading with previously treated amblyopic eyes compared with fellow eyes in terms of rate, accuracy and fluency, but reading comprehension testing was similar.


DOI: 10.15580/GJAS.2018.10.100118041 This study examines the regional disparity in the impact of adoption of improved wheat varieties and information regarding improved wheat management practices on productivity using 1,611 sample farm households in four major administrative regions of Ethiopia. Propensity score matching (PSM) technique was employed since it is an increasingly utilized standard approach for evaluating impacts using observational data. It is found that adoption of improved wheat varieties and information regarding improved wheat management practices doesn't have homogenous positive and significant impact on productivity growth in all of the administrative regions considered. Thus, the study recommends that the agricultural research and extension system of the country should further consider the various differences that exist among different regions and areas of the country so as to generate and disseminate suitable improved agricultural technologies and information. Submitted: 01/10/2018 Accepted: 09/10/2018 Published: 15/11/2018


The 10 multi-functional Water Authorities of England and Wales, are each responsible for all water related services, including water supply, sewage treatment and river management. Real time hydrological forecasting forms part of two important functions of river management, viz. flood forecasting and low flow management. This paper sets out to describe the role of forecasting in both of these functions within Severn-Trent Water Authority, the second largest Water Authority in England and Wales. Vue d'ensemble de la prévision hydrologique dans une agence de gestion de bassin, à fonctions multiples Résumé. Les dix agences d'eau multi-fonctionelles de l'Angleterre et du Pays de Galles ont la responsabilité de tous les services ayant rapport à l'eau, y compris l'approvisionnement en eau potable, l'épuration des eaux usées et la gestion des rivières. La prévision hydro logique est une partie de deux fonctions importantes de la gestion des débits des rivières, c'est à dire la prévision des crues et la gestion des débits de basses eaux. Cet article présente une description du rôle de prévision en ce qui concerne ces deux fonctions quant au Severn-Trent Water Authority qui est le second organisme de ce genre de l'Angleterre et du Pays de Galles. THE NEED FOR FLOW FORECASTING Over the last 50 years the forecasting of river flows in England and Wales has developed in response to two types of demand. Firstly, Water Authorities (Fig. 1) have been called upon to provide warnings of unusual conditions on major rivers, partly in connection with recreational uses such as fishing and boating, but more especially as a means of minimizing flood damage. The second demand has arisen internally within the Water Authorities on account of their responsibilities for the management of resources and the provision of public supplies. Consumers expect each Authority to manage the water resources which are available in any given year so that restrictions on consumption are not applied unless they are really necessary. Equally, in the event of a severe drought it is likely that consumers would prefer relatively mild restrictions such as hose-pipe bans or pressure reductions to be imposed sufficiently early. Factory closures and other social disruptions caused by the compulsory use of standpipes might follow unless stocks are conserved at a sufficiently early stage. A third demand is now arising as more sources are operated on a conjunctive basis in England and Wales. Where, for example, additional direct and continuous abstractions are required from a river, regulating reservoirs or groundwater storage may offer the most economic method of augmenting low flows. Such an arrangement takes advantage of the natural runoff from the basin, reserving storage for those occasions when it is really needed. The principal distinction between the forecasts which are required by these various demands is the relative time scales. In the Severn and Trent basins the times of concentration of many rivers for which flood forecasts are required vary from a few hours to about five days. In contrast, the critical periods of many of the larger reservoirs vary from about 90 to 200 days. Flood forecasting requires a reliable but rapid system both for collecting field


Letters from:

[ Mike McCormack ][1]

[ Gregory C. Pratt ][1]

[ C. R. Malone ][1]

I was delighted to find the editorial "Nuclear power in East Asia" by Philip H. Abelson in the issue of 26 April ([p. 465][2]). During the last several years, I have opened each issue of Science to look first


This paper aims to compare wave tank experimental results in scale 1:40 on two different Tension-Leg-Buoy (TLB) platforms with CFD simulations. The CFD simulations are carried out using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method included in the STAR-CCM+ code from CDadapco. Displacements for free decay tests for heave, time-series of tower motions, mooring line tension for regular wave cases and mooring line tension for two regular wave cases in intermediate water depth are presented in the results and compared with experiments. Good agreement was found with the experiments and the interactions between hydrodynamic loading and motions resulted to be well captured.


Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 1 (TREM-1) amplifies the immune response, operating synergistically with Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) in the production of inflammatory mediators. TREM-1 signaling depends on the adapter protein DAP12, which results in the activation of NFkB, the expression of inflammatory genes, and the release of antimicrobial peptides, such as Beta-defensin 2. We evaluated the activation of the TREM-1 signaling pathways in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania braziliensis and linage human keratinocytes exposed to these parasites since the host immune response against Leishmania plays a critical role in promoting parasite killing but also participates in inflammation and tissue damage. We analyzed publicly available transcriptome data from the lesions of CL patients. In the CL biopsies, we found increased expression of the molecules involved in the TREM-1 pathway. We then validated these findings with RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in newly obtained biopsies. Surprisingly, we found a strong labeling of TREM-1 in keratinocytes, prompting the hypothesis that increased TREM-1 activation may be the result of tissue damage. However, increased TREM-1 expression was only seen in human lineage keratinocytes following parasite stimulation. Moreover, no up-regulation of TREM-1 expression was observed in the skin lesions caused by other non-infectious inflammatory diseases. Together, these findings indicate that L. braziliensis (Lb) induces the expression of the TREM-1 receptor in tissue keratinocytes regardless of tissue damage, suggesting that non-immune skin cells may play a role in the inflammatory response of CL.


Hypothesis / aims of study Reports indicate that nerve stimulation therapies improve symptoms of the patients with fecal incontinence (FI) (1-3). Not small numbers of FI patients are complicated with functional anorectal disorders as functional anorectal pain and evacuation difficulty. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of bilateral transcutaneous PTNS in patients with functional anorectal disorders.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the aspects of inquiry tendency, scientific attitude, inquiry method, utilization of biological history, and connection of real life in high school biology textbooks of South and North Korea. The exploration tendency of biological textbooks was analyzed according to Romey''s analysis of textbook texts, visuals, questions, discussions, and experimental activities. Other characteristics were analyzed qualitatively based on the texts presented. The research results are as follows. South Korea''s life science 1 textbooks and North Korea''s higherlevel middle school 1 biology textbook showed almost similar inquiry trends, but South Korea''s life science 1 textbooks showed a higher inquiry-oriented tendency in terms of sentences, visuals, and questions. However, compared to the textbooks in South Korea, North Korea''s higher-level middle school 1 biology textbook specifically suggested the nature of life sciences, the relationship between knowledge, and the application of life. Also, life science 1 textbooks in South Korea tend not to distinguish between inductive and hypothetical deductive inquiry, whereas higher-level middle school 1 biology in North Korea provide some examples of inductive and hypothetical deductive inquiry and present them separately for each unit. The degree of use of biologists has provided many cases in which the biological textbooks of North Korea are much more diverse and richer than the life science textbooks of South Korea. In addition, the degree of linkage with real life tended to give examples more frequently in North Korean biological textbook than in South Korean life science textbooks. In reference to this study, it is necessary to reinforce what is related to the nature of science in the development of life science 1 textbooks in South Korea.


Developing high‐quality, error‐free message‐passing concurrent programs is not trivial. Although a number of different primitives with associated semantics are available to assist such development, they often increase the complexity of the testing process. In this paper, we extend our previous test model for message‐passing programs and present new structural testing criteria, taking into account additional features used in this paradigm, such as collective communication, non‐blocking sends, distinct semantics for non‐blocking receives, and persistent operations. Our new model also recognizes that sender primitives cannot always be matched with every receive primitive. This improvement allows us to remove statically a significant number of infeasible synchronization edges that would otherwise have to be analyzed later by the tester. In this paper, the test model is presented using the Message‐Passing Interface standard; however, our new model has been designed to be flexible, and it can be configured to support a range of different message‐passing environments or languages. We have carried out case studies showing the applicability of the new test model to represent message‐passing programs and also to reveal errors, mainly those errors related to inter‐process communication. In addition to increasing the number of features supported by the test model, we have also reduced the overall cost of testing significantly. Our case studies suggest that the number of synchronization edges can be reduced by up to 93%, mainly by eliminating infeasible edges between unmatchable communication primitives. The main contribution of the paper is to present a more flexible test model that provides improved coverage for message‐passing programs and at the same time reduces the cost of testing significantly. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Generic Learning Outcomes (GLOs) are intended to enable cultural heritage organisations to be aware of the effectiveness of the environment for learning that they provide and to provide quantitative evidence of the impact of museums libraries and archives on learning, nationally. This paper presents a logical critique of their strengths and limitations and proposes an alternative approach to assessing learning impact in lifelong learning contexts based on the five key learning activity types defined by Laurillard. GLOs are subjective, post hoc measures of factors only indirectly related to learning. Using Laurillard's framework, the variety and the heterogeneity of the informal lifelong learner group can be comfortably accommodated by a small number of learning experience types that can provide the foundation for specific "predictive" learning outcomes. So the risk of developing learning activities that do not work well can be avoided.


Objective To investigate the biological characters of Lucilia sericata trained and raised indoors.Methods The eggs which were laid by adult Lucilia sericata attracted with cooked fishes were collected outdoors, they were then reared with artificial diets in laboratory.Results The duration of generation I which developed from egg into adult is 14 (in days), among which,durations of larva and pupa are 7 and 6 respectively;the corresponding durations of generation II are 13, 6 and 6 respectively.Conclusions The duration of Lucilia sericata which developed from egg into adult is varied from 13 to 14 in our laboratory.Some habits and behaviors of adult differed from the adult living natively.


Buyers can experience a feeling of satisfaction or disappointment (customer satisfaction) onproduct quality, price and location, thus the purpose of this study is to determine productquality, price and location partially their effect on customer satisfaction at Dhelitha GordynStores, Metro City. The research method uses quantitative methods through observation andquestionnaires in obtaining data to be processed using SPSS version 28 software. Theresearch method in this study is accidental sampling with sample statistics obtained bycustomers from representative respondents. The analytical tool used is multiple linearregression with partial t test decisions, simultaneous f test, and coefficient of determination.The survey results show that if customer satisfaction is met in terms of the quality of theproducts sold, and at a reasonable price, as well as a comfortable and safe environment,customer satisfaction will increase.


Much of lifetime healthcare spending is concentrated at the end of life. This paper uses survey data linked to administrative hospital and mortality records to examine how the pattern of end-of-life hospital inpatient spending varies across different groups in England. We find that the pattern of end-of-life spending varies across household composition and socioeconomic status. Quarterly spending increases more sharply for those in couples at the end of life: a 10% reduction in time to death is associated with a 10% rise in individual spending among couples, but only 8% for singles. Spending is also lower in the last 18 months of life for those with no formal qualifications relative to their more educated peers due to lower use of elective care. Differences across groups are not explained by differences in observed morbidity or cause of death, but could be explained by differential access to, or preferences for, care. Given recent trends towards increased cohabitation at older ages and higher educational attainment, these results suggest that policymakers should consider a broader range of sociodemographic attributes when forecasting future health spending and in evaluating inequity in healthcare use. ∗We are grateful to James Banks, Rowena Crawford, Carl Emmerson, Eric French, and seminar participants at the IFS for helpful comments. We thank NHS Digital for providing access to the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and the Hospital Episode Statistics under data sharing agreement CON-322640-S9V7X. This paper has been screened to ensure no confidential information is revealed. We thank the Health Foundation and the ESRC for financial support, through the Efficiency Research Programme and Centre for the Microeconomic Analysis of Public Policy (ES/M010147/1) respectively. Any errors are our own. Author affiliations and contacts: Lee (Institute for Fiscal Studies, email@example.com); Stoye (Institute for Fiscal Studies and University College London, george email@example.com, corresponding author).


In this paper, we theoretically investigate the impacts of Internal well composition, size and impurity's position on the inter valence-conduction bands and intra conduction band optical absorption in GaN/(In,Ga)N/GaN hetero-structure. Based on the numerically finite element method (FEM), the impurity's related Schrödinger equation is solved for the finite potential barrier considering the dielectric constant and effective-mass mismatches between the well and its surrounding matrix. Our results show that the absorption is strongly governed by the dipole matrix element and initial and final implied states transition energies. For a fixed barrier width, the absorption spectra are found red-shifted (blue-shifted) with increasing the well width (In-concentration). It is also shown that the impurity's absorption phenomenon is more pronounced for the off-center case compared to the on-center one. We conclude that the proper control of these parameters is required to best understanding of the optical absorption for solar cell applications.


The performance of the public enterprise sector in Bangladesh is poor. The inefficiency of public enterprises places a fiscal burden, diverts limited resources from growth-enhancing public spending to unproductive subsidies, and affects the country's industrial competitiveness. This paper identifies the prospects, problems, and pitfalls of privatization program and policies in Bangladesh. Firstly, the stylized facts about public enterprises are provided and the basic issues in privatization policy as it relates to Bangladesh are discussed. Secondly, the preconditions for efficiency gains arising from privatization are evaluated. Thirdly, the role of public enterprises in the labor market in Bangladesh is examined. Finally, the political and the economic factors that can offset the potential efficiency gains from privatization in Bangladesh are critically analyzed. LA PRIVATISATION DES ENTREPRISES PUBLIQUES AU BANGLADESH: PROBLEMES ET PERSPECTIVES


We report an increase in pulse energy to 5.1μJ obtained directly from a femtosecond diode-pumped Yb:YAG thin disk laser without external amplification. Stable passive mode locking was obtained with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). The laser delivers 63W of average output power in a nearly diffraction-limited beam (M2=1.1) at a center wavelength of 1030nm. The pulse repetition rate is 12.3MHz, and the pulses have a duration of 800fs, which results in a peak power of 5.6MW. The laser was operated in a box flooded with helium because the nonlinearity of air was found to be a limiting factor for the stability of the pulse formation at increasing pulse energies.


Topicality. The task of improving the efficiency of the dairy market, as one of the strategic markets of Ukraine, necessitates solving many problems of its development, in particular, reducing the raw material base, unbalancing relations between entities, reducing the quality of dairy products, increasing imports and more. The main direction of solving the problems is to ensure equal conditions for the participation of small and medium producers in the reproduction process by creating multifunctional dairy cooperatives with a complete cycle of dairy products.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the components of the organizational and economic mechanism of formation of reproduction logistics of the dairy market, focused on ensuring equal conditions for the movement of dairy products between small, medium and large market participants on the basis of priority state support for multifunctional dairy cooperatives with the completed reproduction cycle of product traffic. During the research the following methods were used: dialectical, theoretical generalization and comparison, graphical, structural-logical method.
Research results. Ensuring equal conditions for the participation of small and medium-sized producers in the reproduction process of the market is possible only through the in-depth transformation of existing mechanisms and organizational and legal forms of milk production on the basis of their priority state support. The proposed structural model of multifunctional dairy cooperatives compared to the traditional structure of existing cooperatives provides for the presence of its own raw material base for milk production, its own processing facilities, its own distribution channels and sales of finished dairy products through the cooperative retail network.
Conclusion. The introduction of the proposed number of levers and tools for the formation of multifunctional dairy cooperatives involves improving the institutional support of this process. This necessitates the priority development of relevant laws and regulations that will help improve the efficiency of small and medium-sized dairy markets. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the theoretical substantiation of the organizational and economic mechanism of formation of reproduction logistics of the dairy market of Ukraine, the development of a differentiated approach to supporting the raw materials of the dairy market depending on the level of dairy farming in the regional dimension. The applied significance of the obtained results is determined by the possibility of their use by different institutions in the process of substantiation of measures and tools of dairy market regulation at the national, regional and local levels.


Bronze bull with all four legs intact, as well as two short ears and a short tail. Loop on back of animal is for purposes of suspension. Animal features are neither stylized nor decorated.


As a pioneer in China's modern tourism industry,Chen Guangfu has gradually developed a systematic ideology of tourism management with the practice "feeling our way across the river"(exploring method).He together with his colleagues has collected the scattered ideas becoming a finishing written learning.His successful experience,especially his service thinking,personnel management,such as the essence thinking of the tourism management ideology,provide a theoretical basis for the practice of Chinese modern tourism management,and comprehensively reflect his ideological values as a tourism manager.


Classical trajectory calculations on the gas phase reaction F+H2 ( j)→HF+H have been carried out. Different reactivity trends were seen depending on whether there was a chemically significant and anisotropic well in the entrance channel of the potential surface. For those in which there is no such well, rotation may decrease reactivity at low values of j, but increases it thereafter. The reaction cross section SR ( j) decreases slowly from j=0, reaching a minimum near j=6 then increases again. This behavior has been reported for several systems, including H+H2, and seems to be the ''canonical'' behavior for SR ( j) for most direct chemical reactions. For F+D2 the minimum does not occur until j=8. However, this does correspond to the same amount of rotational energy as the minimum for F+H2 . For potentials in which there is a deep anisotropic well, it is found that the j=0 results are dominated by the presence of the well, and that the SR ( j=0) is anomalously high. On such surfaces there is normally a sud...


In Ukraine, there is a problem of production of hard fats with structure mechanical and physicochemical characteristics necessary for fat products industry. Besides, the scientific bases of tropical oils fractionating applying the solvent do not exist. That is why, the possibility of ethanol applying in technology of vegetable oil fractionating, in particular palm oil, is a topical problem of today. Hence, the main target of the research is to determine the conditions of production of high melting fraction of palm oil by fractional crystallization from ethanol solution. Different conditions of experiment were applied: temperature variation, crystallization duration, cooling rate. The product was obtained and its analysis shows that the high melting fraction of palm oil corresponds to the palm stearin according to the physiochemical characteristics


This paper is concerned with anti-maximum principles (AMPs) for indefinite-weight elliptic problems. We consider the equation where P is a second order, linear, subcritical, elliptic operator defined on a noncompact, Riemannian manifold Ω, and W is an indefinite-weight function which is a 'small' perturbation of the operator P in Ω. There exists a generalized positive principal eigenvalue λ+ such that the AMP holds above λ+. More precisely, our AMP reads roughly that if the functions f and u λ do not grow too fast, then there exists ε < 0, which may depend on f, such that u λ < 0, for all λ ∈ (λ+,λ++ε). AMPs are proved also when P is critical even in the singular case.


It Extrusions The present invention relates to a manufacturing method comprising the steps of: preparing a pattern is carved mold; The step of using the mold forming the middle Extrusions pattern is engraved on the inner surface; And depositing a coating material on the inner surface of the formed intermediate Extrusions and, by depositing a coating finish Extrusions discloses a manufacturing method for Extrusions be shown to the outer surface of the pattern. Extrusions The manufacturing method as described above it is possible to form a structure such as a while to form a 3D pattern on the rear surface or the inner surface of the Extrusions coupled for relative water that is, the binding of the other Extrusions side to face the three-dimensional pattern to be formed even if you do not attach a separate Extrusions and ornaments for decorating the appearance of such a portable electronic device can vary the appearance of the product sophistication, which is produced through injection molding, eliminating the need to install separate Extrusions for exterior decoration parts count reduced and increases the structural stability of the information device, the advantage becomes simple like the assembly process. Extrusions, pattern, light-shielding member, the fitting piece


Enzymes are targets commonly explored in screening assays aiming to discover new leads in the drug development process. Among the diverse assay models to identify new enzymatic inhibitors, on-flow assays based on liquid chromatography (LC) can be highlighted. In these approaches, the ligand-enzyme interaction can be examined by monitoring the catalytic activity or the affinity/retention. Most applications use the biological target immobilized in solid supports resulting in the acquisition of an immobilized enzymatic reactor (IMER). Coupling IMERs to LC or mass spectrometry (MS) systems allows monitoring enzyme activity online and studying binding events between target and ligands. On-flow screening assays present many advantages for the hit-to-lead process, such as the possibility of system automation, reusability, and high stability. This review covers articles from the last decade that combine the use of varied immobilization methods on different solid supports and several equipment setups in on-flow systems, emphasizing the performance and capacity of recognizing and identifying biologically active compounds in various matrices.


This paper is based on the extraction, isolation and identification of yellow dye pigments present in jak saw dust (Artocarpus heterophyllus) by solvent extraction method. Six natural dye yielding plants were selected (Teak, Betel, Jak, Neem, Rambutan, and Jaman) to identify the best dye yielding plant. Dyeing trials were carried out to find conditions of optimum depth and stability. Extracts from the Jak gave the best dye shade on mercerized cotton fabric with best performances. This Plant is abundantly available throughout in Sri Lanka. It has been reported that heart wood of jak fruit tree contains many flavonoids.(l)


Phase relationship of Ba 2-x La x In 2 O 5+δ has been investigated by using dilatometry, differential scanning calorimetry and synchrotron X-ray diffraction at high temperatures. Decrease of the temperature of the first order phase transition, from brownmillerite orthorhombic to tetragonal, was observed with an increase of La content in Ba 2-x La x In 2 O 5+δ for x = 0.0-0.2, whereas little variation was detected on temperature of the second order phase transition, from tetragonal to distorted cubic, in the specimens with x = 0.0-0.3. Ba 2-x La x In 2 O 5+δ with x larger than 0.4 showed no phase transition by temperature. Crystal structure of the specimens with 0.4 ≤ x ≤ 1.0, 1.2 ≤ x ≤ 1.7 and x = 2.0 were ideal cubic, tetragonal and orthorhombic distorted perovskite, respectively. Ba 1.3 La 0.7 In 2 O 5+δ with ideal cubic perovskite structure showed higher oxide ion conductivity below 800°C than that of Ba 2 In 2-x Ga x O 5 with distorted cubic structure, supporting that removal of the structural distortion should be effective to improve mobility of oxide ion, resulting in as high oxide ion conductivity as that of yttria stabilized zirconia.


An active rectifier with an LCL filter has been proved to be an effective approach to suppress switching harmonic current, guarantee unity power factor, and supply reliable dc voltage in power grids. This paper deals with the modeling and control of an active rectifier with low-volume coupled LCL filter for switching ripple attenuation. Specifically, the equivalent circuit model of three-phase three-column coupled inductors is built taking the variation of coupling coefficient into account. Based on the equivalent circuit, the average model of the active rectifier is derived under abc and dq0 coordinates to design a decoupled controller with excellent steady-state and dynamic performance. In addition, the influences of the coupled LCL filter on current total harmonic distortion (THD) and system stability are investigated under both resistive loads and paralleled inverter loads. Simulation and experimental results from a 30 kVA prototype verify the validity of the proposed model and the effectiveness of the designed controller.


Description: Category theory is central to the study of modern mathematics. Most of the subjects which have been profoundly influenced are, however, rather technical and typically lie outside of the standard undergraduate curriculum. On the other hand, insights gained from a categorical point of view can be very useful when learning mathematics at any level. We will introduce the subject by building on many familiar examples from basic algebra and topology. We will explain the meaning of categories, functors, natural transformations, limits, colimits, Yoneda's lemma, representability, and adjunctions. In order to make our exposition more meaningful and enjoyable, each definition will be followed by an explicit example in a category that the students are acquainted with. Once the basis of the subject has been throughly developed, we will venture into more advanced topics. Potential topics may include, but are not limited to: (1) Abelian categories and homological algebra, (2) Model categories, (3) Higher categories. Students' backgrounds and interests will be the main parameters taken into consideration when choosing topics. Description: Morse theory enables one to study the topology of smooth manifolds by studying smooth functions. According to Marston Morse, a " generic " smooth function can reflect the topology of the underlying manifold quite directly. By definition, a Morse function on a smooth manifold is a smooth function whose Hessians are non-degenerate at critical points. One can proof that any function can be perturbed to a Morse function. The classical approach of Morse theory is to construct a


The invention discloses a monitoring method and a monitoring system for a transformer station. The method comprises the following steps that: communication connection between an embedded server and a transformer station on-site acquisition apparatus is established; the embedded server receives transformer station on-site data from the transformer station on-site acquisition apparatus; and the embedded server sends the received transformer station on-site data to a predefined user terminal and/or server. According to embodiments of the invention, the embedded server receives the transformer station on-site data from the transformer station on-site acquisition apparatus and then sends the received transformer station on-site data to the predefined user terminal and/or server; so the received transformer station on-site data can be sent to the user terminal and/or server in time, thereby improving reliability of monitoring.


Desertification of the Damagaram region (Sahelian zone of Niger) is represented by several processes: decrease or modification of the vegetation, deflation of sandy soils by the wind and exhumation of lateritic crusts, modification of the pattern of dunes, increase of erosion by water. A field survey was performed by a pluridisciplinary team in order to observe and define the expressions of desertification. The spectral signatures of various soils, rocks and vegetation were measured using a high resolution field spectroradiometer. The measured spectral properties of well defined objects were used to validate the calibration of the satellite data and to define the endmembers in models of spectral unmixing. Landsat multi spectral scanner (MSS) scenes of March 11, 1973 and January 10, 1976, and a thematic mapper (TM) scene of January 4, 1987, were made compatible, and several techniques of image processing were tested and compared: ratios (leaf area index, normalized difference vegetation index, redness, clay index), principal components analysis and spectral unmixing. The interpretation of the resulting images allowed a semi-quantitative monitoring of the evolution of the significant components of the landscape. Local variations of soils and vegetation are particularly well enhanced, whereas the global situation did not change drastically from 1973 to 1987.


We propose a novel all-optical wavelength converter using cascaded SOAs for the PAM format. Wavelength conversion of 50-Gbit/s PAM-4 signal is demonstrated by numerical simulation for the first time.


This research article intents to recreate the experience of the previous consultation process with the Jiw - Guayabero indigenous community, located in the indigenous reservation of Barrancon, in San Jose del Guaviare. The article presents the dynamics required to reach compliance of the Court's order #173, related to the protection of the fundamental rights of the community - especially the protection of its land and its relationship with the Colombian Army. Finally, the article illustrates how the governance, at its different levels, is involved in the decision making process to solve this conflict.