Although the financial statements of an organization are considered a product of management, prior research suggests that a company's financial statements may be affected by the negotiation strategy employed by the auditor when resolving audit differences with management. However, little subsequent research has discussed the potential strategies that auditors may employ during the negotiation process. Our study extends the literature by investigating, in a post-Sarbanes-Oxley environment, whether auditors will employ a reciprocity-based strategy for the resolution of audit differences and what client characteristics (client management's negotiating style and client retention risk) will increase the extent to which it is utilized. Such a strategy involves bringing inconsequential items to management and subsequently waiving these items in an effort to encourage management to be more cooperative in the posting of significant income-decreasing adjustments. The results of our study indicate that client management's negotiating style and retention risk have an interactive effect on auditors' use of a reciprocity-based strategy. Specifically, auditors are more likely to utilize a reciprocity-based strategy when management's negotiating style is competitive and client retention risk is high. Interestingly, the end result of the negotiation process is essentially identical (i.e., similar items are posted), regardless of client characteristics or the auditor's utilization of a reciprocity-based strategy. Thus, it appears that use of a reciprocity-based strategy does not affect the quality of the financial statements, but simply facilitates the process of posting significant items.


Predicting stealthy behaviors plays an important role in game design. It is, however, difficult to automate this task because interaction between human and dynamic environments is not easy to compute and simulate. In this note, we present a reinforcement learning method for simulating stealthy movements in dynamic environments. We use an integrated method of Q-Learning and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to implement an action classifier. Experimental results showed that our simulation agent responds sensitively to dynamic situations and thus can be helpful for game level designers to determine various game factors.


Carbon fibers were reinforced in the poly dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) matrix, and composites of 2.5 wt %, 3 wt %, and 10 wt % concentration were effectively synthesized. The composites' complex relative permittivity values were measured, and microwave absorption properties were calculated for the synthesized PDMS composites. Based on the measured data, a data-driven approach was used to optimize the filler loading for efficient microwave absorption. It was observed that the composite's minimum reflection loss (RLmin) is about -51 dB for 0.3 wt % concentration at 2.9 mm thickness with an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.3 GHz in the Ku-band (12.4-18 GHz).


Aims:  The aim of this study is to investigate the pathogenic diversity and virulence groups among Pyrenophora teres f. teres isolates, sampled from Syria and Tunisia, and to identify the most effective source of resistance in barley that could be used in breeding programmes to control net blotch in both countries.


Abstract Let
$X_4\subset \mathbb {P}^{n+1}$
 be a quartic hypersurface of dimension
$n\geq 4$
 over an infinite field k. We show that if either
$X_4$
 contains a linear subspace
$\Lambda $
 of dimension
$h\geq \max \{2,\dim (\Lambda \cap \operatorname {\mathrm {Sing}}(X_4))+2\}$
 or has double points along a linear subspace of dimension
$h\geq 3$
 , a smooth k-rational point and is otherwise general, then
$X_4$
 is unirational over k. This improves previous results by A. Predonzan and J. Harris, B. Mazur and R. Pandharipande for quartics. We also provide a density result for the k-rational points of quartic
$3$
 -folds with a double plane over a number field, and several unirationality results for quintic hypersurfaces over a
$C_r$
 field.


The 49th Venice Biennale hosted a display of net.art (meme) for the first time in its history. The Slovenian pavillion (curated by Aurora Fonda) presented the work of Vuk Cosic and his most distinguished Italian friends 0100101110101101.org (Temporary Autonomous Pavillion). This book is a documentation of this presentation and part of Cosic's project for the Biennale. Includes a section of essays and comments edited by Sarah Cook entitled: 'Museum World and net.art: Friend or Foe?'


Intensive care units (ICUs) are complex and data-rich environments. Data routinely collected in the ICUs provides tremendous opportunities for machine learning, but their use comes with significant challenges. Complex problems may require additional input from humans which can be provided through a process of data annotation. Annotation is a complex, time-consuming process that requires domain expertise and technical proficiency. Existing data annotation tools fail to provide an effective solution to this problem. In this study, we investigated clinicians' approach to the annotation task. We focused on establishing the characteristics of the annotation process in the context of clinical data and identifying differences in the annotation workflow between different staff roles. The overall goal was to elicit requirements for a software tool that could facilitate an effective and time-efficient data annotation. We conducted an experiment involving clinicians from the ICUs annotating printed sheets of data. The participants were observed during the task and their actions were analysed in the context of Norman's Interaction Cycle to establish the requirements for the digital tool. The annotation process followed a constant loop of annotation and evaluation, during which participants incrementally analysed and annotated the data. No distinguishable differences were identified between how different staff roles annotate data. We observed preferences towards different methods for applying annotation which varied between different participants and admissions. We established 11 requirements for the digital data annotation tool for the healthcare setting. We conducted a manual data annotation activity to establish the requirements for a digital data annotation tool, characterised the clinicians' approach to annotation and elicited 11 key requirements for effective data annotation software.


In all machining processes, tool wear is a major problem and it leads to tool failure. In metal industries, the use of cutting fluids affects both employee's health and environmental pollution. But the use of cutting fluids becomes necessary to keep tight tolerances and to maintain the work-piece surface properties without damages. Researchers are trying to reduce the use of coolant lubricant fluids in metal cutting to obtain environmental safety. So, to minimize the use of cutting fluids new cutting techniques are investigated. Minimal quantity of Lubrication (MQL) is a recent technique introduced in machining to obtain less tool wear and environment safety. The minimum quantity lubrication was provided with a spray of mixture of air and vegetable oil at suitable pressure. MQL machining was performed much superior compared to dry and wet machining due to substantial reduction in tool wear and cutting zone temperature and a better surface finish. MQL provides neat and clean environment avoiding health hazards due to smoke, fumes and gases etc. In this study work-piece of SAE 1018 were prepared to investigate their Surface finish under turning with coated tool bits. Wear of nose radius of tool bits were analyzed by SEM which results in less wear in MQL process as compared to flood cooling.


Five desyl aryl sulfides were prepared for use as photoinitiators in the determination of the bulk polymerization rates of tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate at 25°C. As a first approximation, the initial rates were first-order with respect to monomer and one half-order with respect to initiator. From this, approximate initial overall rate constants were determined. The data indicate that resonance stabilization of the dissociated radical seem to affect the polymerization rate. Complications arising from the auto catalytic gel effect were discussed.


The well-known effect of the linear damping on the moving nonlinear Schrodinger soliton (even when there is a supply of energy via the spatially homogeneous driving) is to quench its momentum to zero. Surprisingly, the zero momentum does not necessarily mean zero velocity. We show that two or more parametrically driven damped solitons can form a complex traveling with zero momentum at a nonzero constant speed.All traveling complexes we have found so far have turned out to be unstable. Thus, the parametric driving is capable of sustaining the uniform motion of damped solitons, but some additional agent is required to stabilize it.


The hybridization of MIMO-OFDM systems became one of the most used wireless communication model for broadband, mobile, and multimedia applications because of its high bandwidth efficiency, bandwidth capacity, and robustness to fading. However, it suffers from the underlying disadvantage of OFDM system which is having a high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) due to large envelope variations. These variations cause non-linear distortion when the OFDM signal is amplified for transmission. Hence, in order to eliminate the non-linear distortion effects of the high power amplifier in MIMO-OFDM systems, the input signal power must have an appropriate power level to satisfy an optimal input back off (IBO) value that also contributes to an amplifier's maximum efficiency. A Fuzzy Logic Controller is used to control the IBO of the system as well as the signal power level. Results shows that using the proposed Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) Fuzzy Power Controller reduces the bit error rate (BER) significantly compared to the traditional scheme.


This paper presents a method to construct 3D flexible multi-probe setups for MIMO OTA testing. The optimal OTA probe locations are determined on the surface of a whole sphere in 3D flexible multi-probe setups proposed. The proposed method applies both genetic algorithm and convex optimization to 3D flexible multi-probe setups, which obtains better emulation accuracy of the 3D channel spatial correlation at the receiver side. Simulation results show that the proposed 3D flexible multi-probe setups with a smaller number of OTA probes can achieve more accurate 3D spatial correlation accuracy within the test volume for MIMO OTA testing.


The present study consisted in evaluating the radon concentration (Rn222) in buildings of the Historical Center of the city Quito - Ecuador and determining the dose rate; the determination of the effective annual dose, critical points and the surface area covered by each type of construction material were taken into account through correlations of the different analyzed sites. The technical standards of the American Association of Radon Scientists and Technologists (AARST) and those of the RAD7 equipment were used. The monitoring was carried out during the months of March, April and May of the year 2018. The equipment used was the radon active detector RAD7 that provides data every 30 minutes during the 24-hour period, this equipment incorporates an electrostatic field measuring camera, which shows the descendants left by radon (Rn222). The LUDLUM equipment was also used for Gamma and Beta dose rate measurements. It was found that the levels of radiation at the Church of the Cathedral of Quito construction is varied from 817 Bq/m3 to 1490 Bq/m3 and exceeded the permissible limits of radon concentration (Rn222) established by several international regulations such as the Official Journal of the European Union number 143 (400 Bq/m3), EPA (148 Bq/m3), OMS (300 Bq/m3) and OIEA (300 Bq/m3). On the other hand, the buildings of the Cathedrals Museum and the San Francisco de Quito Church are within the range of permissible limits for existing buildings. Through the RStudio program, the correlation of the surface area covered by the type of construction material and the concentration of radon was observed, concluding that the areas of greatest influence are in the Cathedrals Church.


Currently, the sequence-stratigraphic section dismemberment is only being implemented in Ukraine, so this article is highly relevant.
 The authors created geological 3D model of Komyshnianske gas condensate field based on sequence-stratigraphic section dismemberment for the first time at this area.
 This approach is effective for the following conditions:-insufficient field geological study;-thickness of productive horizons does not reach the seismic resolution boundaries;-no significant difference in impedance values on reflection horizons.
 The selected technique includes the following stages:-field geological study, facies analysis (integration of well geophysical complexes, cores);-deduction and correlation of sequence boundaries;-construction of discrete log, which corresponds to specific sequences distribution;-conducting seismic interpretation of the 3D seismic survey study of research area;-construction of a structural framework with the involvement of correlated sequences boundaries;-comparison of volume seismic attributes with selected sequences distribution.
 A geological 3D model of Komyshnianske gas condensate field was created based on sequence-stratigraphic principles.
 During the research, a geological structure of field was analyzed, the separated conditions of sedimentation (sequences) were deducted and interpreted.
 During the seismic interpretation of 3D seismic survey of study area, local features of wave field were identified, their reflection in the core material was found and linked to the concept of changing sedimentation conditions.
 With a general understanding of the material transportation and accommodation direction, used method allows to qualitatively outline the distribution boundaries of sedimentation certain conditions and predict their development outside the study area.
 Construction of facies discrete log and their distribution in the seismic field allows grouping thin bed layers of collectors to reach the seismic resolution and use them to predict the distribution of facies associated with changes in the rocks reservoir properties (tracking beach facies of deltas/avandeltas, sloping sediments, etc.).
 The constructed model could be used as a trend for reservoir distribution at the stage of construction of static geological model.
 Involvement of sequence-stratigraphy technique is new approach to sedimentation conditions study within Dnipro-Donetsk depression (DDD) areas.
 The paper shows that provided methodology gives:-improved geological understanding of field through sedimentation analysis and facies logging;-trends for reservoir properties distribution with the involvement of construction facies volumes;-proposals for further field E&D.
 The general provisions under conditions of geological materials sufficient base can be applied to other DDD areas, especially in pre-border zones.
 Involvement of sequence-stratigraphy technique is new approach for sedimentation conditions study within Dnipro-Donetsk depression (DDD) area.
 On the example of Komyshnianske gas condensate field, the article shows that provided methodology gives:-improved geological understanding of field through sedimentation analysis and facies logging;-trends for reservoir properties propagation with the involvement of seismic volume studies;-propositions for further field Exploration & Development.


Background As of 12:01am on Tuesday, September 15th, there have been 29,662 COVID-19 cases reported in Oregon. Of these, 3,264 (11.0%) are in pediatric patients. For this report, pediatric refers to people under age 18, and adult refers to people age 18 and older. Of the 3,264 pediatric cases, 2,995 (91.8%) cases are confirmed and 269 are presumptive. There are two cases of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) reported in Oregon.


The authors propose a delta function model analysis of surface skimming bulk wave (SSBW) response by defining two physical parameters, K/sub B//sup 2/ and X/sub c/, characterizing SSBW excitation and propagation. K/sub B//sup 2/ corresponds to the electromechanical coupling factor of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) and gives the SSBW excitation strength on the substrate surface. X/sub c/ is the critical propagation length representing how SSBW amplitudes decay with propagation. The analysis was applied to the characterization of a SAW TV-IF (intermediate frequency) filter fabricated on an X-112/spl deg/Y-LiTaO/sub 3/ substrate. The results obtained by the analysis were in good agreement with experiments, and clearly showed how the SSBW response affects the filter performance. The values of K/sub B//sup 2/ and X/sub c/ were determined for an SiO/sub 2/-film/36/spl deg/YX-LiTaO/sub 3/ substrate which may be used for SAW devices, and its SSBW spurious response level was estimated. It was theoretically predicted and experimentally confirmed that the SSBW excitation stength and SSBW spurious response are considerably reduced by properly choosing the thickness of the SiO/sub 2/-film.<<ETX>>


Plane contact problem of a punch sliding over a half-space is considered. The surface of the half-space is assumed to be rough and the roughness heights have the Gaussian distribution. The heat generation due to the friction is taken into account. The problem is reduced to nonlinear integral equations which are solved approximately. The effects of the frictional heating and the roughness on the contact size and on the contact pressure are presented.


The use of particle method in solving the Navier-Stokes equation is attractive from the viewpoint of avoiding the explicit discretization of the nonlinear convection term adopted in the commonly used Eulerian approach. In this paper, we shall report on the progress of our recently developed particle method in solving the Navier-Stokes equation. Starting from the conventional Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method, several numerical deficiencies have been realized and this has prompted us to venture into a new hybrid particle mesh method (Moving Particle Pressure Mesh) which involves no artificial numerical treatments to ensure numerical instability. Several incompressible single phase and multiphase flow cases are studied to validate our numerical approach. It is found that the numerical results agree considerably well with the reference solutions.


A 3G authentication protocol based-on the elliptic curve cryptosystem is presented in this article.The protocol do not need to take CA as the public key,VLR and ME can authenticated each other without HLR.Also,the protocol can prevent the illegal recording the ME and the faked base-station attacking.According to the analyses on performance and security of the protocol,it is convenient to support globe mobility with low computational loads and secure communication.


Chemical industry is complex and continuous process industry, and the control and management of the long-term safe operation involves a great deal of information and data on the staffs, management, equipment and technology. Consequently, making real-time assessment for the control and management by computational experiment is important for the long-term of safety operation of chemical industry. As the requirement for high-performance computing in large-scale complex systems, traditional CPU computing can not meet the needs of large-scale computing. Because of the high speed and rapid development features, GPU was widely applied to scientific computation, which is suitable for large-scale intensive computation. This paper carried on specific computation experiments using GPU parallel computing, and designed and analyzed matrix inversion, fuzzy logic computation and Monte Carlo computation respectively for staff management and equipment simulation. Finally, compared to CPU serial computing, the maximum speedup ratio, 34, 85 and 39 times of speedup ratio are achieved.


Algae-silica hybrid (HA-S) from Porphyridium sp. has been modified by coating particles of magnetite (Fe3O4) via a sol-gel process using (TEOS) to produce silica-magnetite algae hybrid (HA-SM). The produced material HA-SM was applied as adsorbent for the multicomponent solution adsorption of Cu(II) ions, crystal violet (CV), and methylene blue (MB). Identification of functional groups was performed by infrared spectrometer (IR) indicating that in HA-SM there are an active organic groups derived from Porphyridium sp., while silanol and siloxane derived from silica matrix. In addition, the results of the analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) showed HA-SM has more heterogeneous surface morphology. The adsorption model of the multicomponent solutions of Cu(II) ions, CV, and MB by HA-S and HA-SM tend to follow the model of Freundlich adsorption isotherm.


In this local-scale synecological study, we investigated the changes in plant community composition throughout secondary succession occurring after cessation of agricultural land use (i.e. grassland abandonment). The successional sequence studied had the following pathway: Avenula pubescens (Huds.) Dumort. haypastures → Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P.Beauv. successional grassland → Cornus sanguinea L. scrubs → late-successional Populus tremula L. forest → late-successional oak-hornbeam (Quercus-Carpinus) forest. The last forest stage was represented by the association Epimedio-Carpinetum betuli (Horvat 1938) Borhidi 1963. Occurrence of plant species throughout secondary succession was mostly stage-specific; only Fragaria vesca L., Ajuga reptans L., Cornus sanguinea, Prunus spinosa L., and Viola hirta L. showed survival ability throughout almost all stages.


Recently, the magnetorheological (MR) polishing process has been examined as a new ultra-precision polishing technology for mirror surface generation in many applications, such as aspheric lenses, biochips, micro parts, etc. This method uses MR fluids which contains micro abrasives as a polishing media, and can. It is possible to obtain nano level surface roughness under suitable process conditions, however, required polishing time is highly dependent on the applied pre-polishing methods due to its very small material removal rate. Thus, in this study, a combined polishing method is presented to reduce total polishing time for SUS304. First, the electropolishing (EP) method was applied to obtain fine surface roughness, and the MR polishing was followed. Surface roughness variations were investigated according to the process conditions. As the results of this study, it was possible to reduce total polishing time for SUS304 using the proposed combined polishing method.


The plasma concentrations of Factor VIII related antigen(FVIIIR:Ag),tissue plasminogen activator(tPA),thrombomodulin(TM),β-thromboglobulin(β-TG),platelet factor 4(PF4) and fibrinopeptide A(FPA)in 35 patients with collagen diseases(17 systemic lupus erythematosus-SLE,11 progressive systemic sclerosis-PSS,7rheumatoid arthritis-RA)were measured before and after the whole body exposure to cold at 4°C to compare the differences in reaction to cold, especially between those groups with and without Raynaud's phenomenon. The mean concentration of F VIQ R:Ag was revealed to be higher(p<0.01)in those


The application of compound alloy technology in medium speed coal mills has been presented, and an experimental study on the wear resistance of compound alloy has been carried out according to the tungsten carbide particles' match in different antifriction phase. The correlation curves between particle's match and wear resistance are obtained. The experimental results have important significance for further increasing wear resistance of roller sleeves for the said coal mill and prolonging service life of medium speed coal mills.


Abstract We reviewed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole antibiotic susceptibility testing data among Staphylococcus aureus using 3 national inpatient databases. In all 3 databases, we observed an increases in the percentage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that were not susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Providers should select antibiotic regimens based on local resistance patterns and should report changes to the public health department.


Almost one in five people in the US with covid-19 received a psychiatric diagnosis in the three months afterwards, a study has shown.1

The rate of diagnosis was significantly higher than that seen after other health events such as other respiratory tract infections, researchers found.

For the study published in the Lancet Psychiatry ,1 researchers from the University of Oxford, UK, and the health research network TriNetX examined the anonymised patient records of just over 62 000 people with covid-19 diagnosed from 20 January to 1 August 2020. Overall, 18.1% of patients received a psychiatric diagnosis in the 14 to 90 days after covid-19 was confirmed—a quarter of which were the first time a mental health condition had been …


Wearable lower limb exoskeleton is a kind of human robot integrated system which can be used to augment the human performance when carrying heavy loads. In recent years, in order to further reduce the self-weight and energy consumption of systems, underactuated exoskeletons are proposed. However, the existed control methods are mainly proposed for fully actuated exoskeletons which are hardly to be applied for underactuated systems. This paper focuses on the precision human machine interaction force control of 3DOF underactuated stance leg exoskeleton system so that accurate human motion trajectory tracking can still be achieved in principle load bearing directions. Specifically, we assume the wearer can provide an appropriate amount of torque to ensure the rotation angle of the exoskeleton back moving in a bounded trajectory. Considering the holonomic constraint provided by the wearer, the 3DOF underactuated exoskeleton system is then transformed into a 2DOF fully actuated system. An adaptive robust cascade force control algorithm is then developed to deal with various parameter uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities (modeling errors and external disturbances). Comparative Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive robust cascade force control algorithm can achieve high precision human-machine interaction force control in principle load bearing directions, and has strong performance robustness to various model uncertainties.


Sizing changes the geometry of a fabric, while the fabric gains a definite effect by the sizing. It is necessary to evaluate inclusively the internal structure of sized fabrics for characterization of them. By the mercury intrusion method, only the internal volume of the radius region less than ca. 180 ƒÊm can be measured but there is much more volume of larger radius region in a fabric. We applied the equilibrium liquid absorption method to evaluate the internal volume/radius distribution in several sorts of sized fabrics. Summing up the internal volumes estimated by these two procedures gave a profile of major internal volume/radius distribution in the sized fabrics. The inter yarn or the fabric surface volume of each sized fabric was differ from that of the fabric before sizing. The inter fiber volume in cotton fabrics was well filled with any kind of sizing but in acrylic fabrics was not filled sufficiently with carboxymethylcellulose or starch. (Received May 26, 1988)


The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of advertising on television price and quality of products on purchasing decisions and customer satisfaction axis internet service at Axis shop Malang. Data was collecting by distributing questionnaires to 105 respondents who have selected by simple random sampling technique. To analyze the data, used Strusctural equation modeling (SEM). The analysis showed that the total effect of television advertising media significantly positive influence on purchase decisions of 0.383 with P causality test results of 0.002 (P 0.05), a significant positive influence purchasing decisions on satisfaction of 0.298 with P causality test results of 0.029 (P <0.05)


This is the rst paper in a series of three where we present the rst comprehensive inventory of solid state emission bands observed in a sample of 17 oxygen-rich circumstellar dust shells surrounding evolved stars. The data were taken with the Short and Long Wavelength Spectrographs on board of the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) and cover the 2.4 to 195 m wavelength range. The spectra show the presence of broad 10 and 18 m bands that can be attributed to amorphous silicates. In addition, at least 49 narrow bands are found whose position and width indicate they can be attributed to crystalline silicates. Almost all of these bands were not known before ISO. The incredible richness of the crystalline silicate spectra observed by ISO allows detailed studies of the mineralogy of these dust shells, and is a telltale about the origin and evolution of the dust. We have measured the peak positions, widths and strengths of the individual, continuum subtracted bands. Based on these measurements, we were able to order the spectra in sequence of decreasing crystalline silicate band strength. We found that the strength of the emission bands correlates with the geometry of the circumstellar shell, as derived from direct imaging or inferred from the shape of the spectral energy distribution. This naturally divides the sample into objects that show a disk-like geometry (strong crystalline silicate bands), and objects whose dust shell is characteristic of an outflow (weak crystalline silicate bands). All stars with the 33.6 m forsterite band stronger than 20 percent over continuum are disk sources. We dene spectral regions (called complexes) where a concentration of emission bands is evident, at 10, 18, 23, 28, 33, 40 and 60 m. We derive average shapes for these complexes and compare these to the individual band shapes of the programme stars. In an Appendix, we provide detailed comments on the measured band positions and strengths of individual sources.


The main aim of this work is to show advantages, di a vantages and perspectives of obligation law unification. The Author shows how pr ivate law unification influences the legal systems of particular countries. The institution of impossibility of performance is a very good example for showing these influences, according to the fact, that projects of unified obligation law by UNIDROIT and the Lando Commission are changi ng traditional point of view for the matter covered.


We describe the case of a 15‐year‐old boy with a history of Fontan operation and multiple intrahepatic tumors. Computed tomography showed multiple hepatic nodules with arterial enhancement. Because hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was not detected on biopsies and tumor markers were normal, progress was monitored on imaging. One hepatic tumor increased greatly in size during follow up. At 15 years of age, tumor markers rose rapidly, and he had upper abdominal swelling. Therefore, transarterial embolization (TAE) was performed for the largest tumor, suspected to be a HCC due to cardiac cirrhosis. This tumor had not increased at follow up 4 months later. The patient died from hepatic failure at the age of 17 years, and HCC was diagnosed at autopsy. Although pediatric HCC is rare, its incidence is likely to increase. TAE, with or without anticancer agents, is a therapeutic option for unresectable pediatric HCC, as it is for adult HCC.


P article physics was, until recently, the flagship of U.S. physics, if not U.S. science. With ever larger "atom smashers" and such charismatic figures as J. Robert Oppenheimer and Richard Feynman, the field attracted the best and the brightest. These U.S. scientists garnered Nobel Prizes and


A thermally actuated control system for the chimney flue or vent damper of a hot air furnace employs a fluid reservoir supported in the vent between the damper and the furnace so as to experience the furnace temperature, containing fluid that has a liquid state when the furnace is not in operation and a gaseous state at the higher temperature resulting when the furnace goes into operation. A spring biased piston movable within the reservoir is connected to the damper shaft by a barrel cam supported exteriorly of the vent, which converts the linear motion of the actuator into rotation of the damper shaft. The change in temperature when the furnace goes on or off produces a resultant change in the volume of the fluid within the reservoir, moving the linear actuator between its two positions and rotating the cam and the damper so that the damper is in an open position when the furnace is on and a closed position when the furnace is off.


Advertising linage report that details ad revenue from the Odessa American, a Texas Daily Newspaper Association member, for November 2008.


human activity. Taking as an example the voice of the mass media, Phillips illustrates that people with disability are usually seen as heroic or vulnerable, desubjectified or oversubjectified, rather than described as human beings with different life stories. The detailed ethnographic representation of Ukraine's disability community is what leads Phillips to general conclusions on disability understandings and cultural attitude trends. However, the author overgeneralizes the given Ukrainian experience as common for the ex-Soviet countries, which needs her re-consideration. This is due to the fact that the communistic regime within the ex-Soviet bloc countries varied in its application. As well, cultural and folkloric differences between the Soviet societies would have significant influence on the spectrum of disability understandings. Overall, I consider Sarah Phillips effort for an ethnographic analysis of people with disability in Ukraine as an estimable source of sophisticated knowledge when understanding disability as part of the global disability framework. I would recommend this book as a must-read for every scientific and non-scientific reader interested in disability studies, because of its social, political, cultural, and emotional engagement with reader's imagination. Moreover, the book is a great source for rethinking the theory, practice, and everyday life of those readers who are challenged by ongoing efforts to fulfill more social goals in the field of disability matters.


Raw thermal images acquired by pulsed thermography(PT) usually have low signal noise ratio(SNR) and temperature contrast.In order to restrain the bad effects of noise and improve the defect detecting ability of PT,image reconstruction methods based on logarithm polynomial regression were carried out here to reconstruct and enhance PT image sequences of carbon fibre reinforced plastic(CFRP) laminates.The basic theory of these methods were analyzed with the analytic solution of one-dimensional heat transfer model;the actual effects of image reconstruction and enhancement were verified through the laminate testing experiment;the image enhancement effects were evaluated quantitatively by the image evaluation standards based on statistics.The results indicates that the cubic logarithm polynomials can accurately reconstruct the raw thermal images in the experiment,and can effectively suppress the interference to defect recognition caused by random noise and uneven heating in the PT testing of composite laminates;the digital images from data reconstruction have clearer defect display or higher defect resolution than the raw thermal images,and the quadratic coefficient image of cubic logarithm regression shows the highest SNR.


The device uses a BP cuff with an automated inflation and deflation mechanism. The cuff measures oscillations in the pulses in the upper arm, and uses a computer algorithm to calculate the systolic and diastolic BP. The initial reading is taken while a physician or nurse is present, and then discarded. Five additional measurements are subsequently taken at intervals of one to five minutes while the patient is alone in a room. These measurements, and the average of the last five readings are displayed to the nearest 1 mm Hg. The BpTRU device has been validated for accuracy by the British Hypertension Society, and the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation.


Observing that the Haar wavelet is sensitive to step edges, and the CDF(2.2) wavelet which is a subset of the Cohen-Daubechies-Feauveau family performs well for smooth signals, we present a new adaptive wavelet transform via the lifting scheme for noise reduction. Unlike many popular wavelet that adapt scale-by-scale, the proposed wavelet can adapt point-by-point. Experiment results show that the proposed method has advantages of both the Haar and CDF(2,2) wavelets and performs well for the smooth and edge-dominated regions. Moreover, the interval of the switch thresholding parameter of the proposed wavelet is given by experiments.


It is interesting that Clio Press is producing the volumes in its World Bibliographical Series for the countries of former French Equatorial Africa in quick succession: Gabon in 1992, and the two present volumes and that for Chad all in 1993. It is also particularly helpful, because it soon becomes apparent that for any one of the four countries concerned, the researcher will probably need to use all four volumes, since there are general works on francophone Central Africa and the French colonial period listed in one volume which are not repeated in the others. As far as the authors of the present two volumes are concerned, Pierre Kalck was a French colonial officer in Ubangi-Shari for ten years, then economic advisor to the newly independent Central African Republic and later an academic. Seventeen of his own works are cited in his bibliography, somewhat surprisingly described in terms such as ' a classic work' and 'an indispensable reference'. Randall Fegley lectures in politics and history in the US and has already compiled the Clio Press bibliographies for Equatorial Guinea and Rwanda. Although both conform in outline to the Clio Press format for this series, there are numerous significant differences between the two volumes. In Fegley's for the Congo, rather under half of its 536 references are to works in French, in line with the Clio series intention of being principally designed for the English speaker. Kalck, on the other hand, has nearly 400 French-language entries out of 538, correctly indicating in his preface the paucity of works in any other language, and one might feel, therefore, that his volume offers a truer representation of the significant literature. A fair proportion of the titles cited, however, are actually published in the Central African Republic itself, and one wonders how many of these will be readily accessible in libraries outside the country. Fegley's arrangement is far superior. Although both works follow the series' subject sections in broad detail, Fegley has much more detailed subdivisions, which makes identification of relevant titles far easier. His division of 'history', for example, into general and national and then by chronological period is far more accessible than Kalck's 'Prehistory and history' in one long single sequence which has works on Bokassa next to those on the Neolithic period. Fegley's annotations are also crisper and more relevant to the potential user of the reference in identifying the scope and reliability of the source cited. Kalck's are often disappointingly discursive and anecdotal, reaching a peak in his section for ' biographies' where he provides some lengthy and frequently irrelevant ('appointed a tax collector in the Gironde') life histories of those whose biographies he cites, without comment on the actual biographical work. Thirteen of the 20 entries in this section are for individual short articles in Hommes et destins, the large biographical dictionary of the French colonies: one entry for the work itself would have been more effective. Interestingly, it is not referred to at all by Fegley. Some of the differences between the two volumes are attributable to the lack of uniformity in imposing house style by the publisher's sub-editors. Kalck has three separate index sequences for authors, titles and subjects, while Fegley has a much more readily usable single index. Bibliographical citation varies widely: it takes some time to realize that entries 3 in Kalck and 519 in Fegley are in fact for the same publication, vol. 5 of the Encyclopedic coloniale et maritime. Another irritant common to all volumes in the series, but particularly noticeable in these two because of the many French citations, is the convention of giving translations of all non-English titles into English. Many of these are extremely stilted, and are even odder when pointlessly applied to journal titles (Chroniques d'outre-mer/Overseas chronicles). Ultimately, however, whatever criticisms one may make of the stylistic and other shortcomings of these volumes in general and of that for the Central African Republic, they must be among the more significant of the Clio series, if only because of the virtual absence of any other recent guides to the literature of these two countries. Not that the lack is quite as bad as it might appear from looking at Kalck's section on ' Bibliographies' where he omits Laurence Porges's essential guide to francophone Africa and the two Library of Congress guides to the official publications of the region, all properly recorded by Fegley.


There are various recommendations in domestic and foreign literature regarding the law of distribution of the crushing load along the swing plate of jaw crushers: even, linear or nonlinear. The method of load distribution along the swing jaw affects the resultant crushing force, its application point and, therefore, the forces subjected to the jaw crusher links. A feature of a single toggle jaw crusher is the strong force exerted on the eccentric shaft since the crushing forces are directly transferred to the shaft. Therefore, it is important to determine the worst design case in order to calculate the strength of crusher parts. This article represents the static study of the influence of the application point of the crushing force on the forces acting on the eccentric shaft and the toggle plate of the single toggle jaw crusher. During the study, a kinematic scheme of the mechanism of the single toggle jaw crusher in the form of a four-link crank mechanism was worked out. The dependences of the angles of the rotation of the link on the angle of the eccentric shaft rotation of the crusher were obtained, which allowed determining the trajectories of different points of the swing jaw and the sections of the moving plate which crushed feeding material during the cycle. Static force analysis of the mechanism of a single toggle jaw crusher was carried out which made it possible to understand the mechanism of torque transmission to the links of crusher, determine the forces acting on the toggle plate and the eccentrics shaft bearings, as well as the shifting of application point position of the resultant crushing force along the swing plate during one stroke. The graphs of dependencies of the forces acting on the eccentric shaft and the toggle plate on the position of application point of the crushing load were built, which made it possible to determine the worst case for calculating the strength of crushers' joints. It is established that maximum forces subjected to the eccentric shaft and the toggle plate occur when the crushing force is applied to the bottom zone of the moving plate. Such an application corresponds to the nonlinear distribution of the crushing load along the swing jaw.


Based upon stress-stra in relation obtained via extension test of material of crossing rod,computer simu la-tion on cold forgiing process of crossing rod of revolving support of locomo tive vehicle has been done using dynamic indicated FE method.Stress,strain and local reduction of thickness in forging process with variety of technological p arameters such as friction coefficient,forging speed has been analysed.Results of simulation can be referrence to reduction of adjustment and optimizing tech nological parameters.


The purpose of this work is to improve intrusion detection techniques by developing a more general framework and infrastructure for detecting system penetrations through information sharing. Unlike traditional misuse and anomaly detection architectures, we propose a novel approach where information is gathered at multiple layers within the computing system and analyzed according to specified behavior pattern at each level. By gathering event data at the application, system, and network layers within a system, we describe a new approach to intrusion detection that departs from previous work in specification-based intrusion detection systems. Using this approach, events intercepted at each layer within the IDS hierarchy can be correlated to their consequential effects within adjoining layers. By examining how events relate across several adjacent layers within the computing system, future intrusion detection systems may gain the ability to not only detect deviant program activity outside the specified security profile for a system but also generate alerts for more complex attacks that generate inconsistent events between adjoining layers.


Needle‐free pneumatic injections have been recently introduced to the field of dermatology to inject such substances as hyaluronic acid. However, data on the influence of various pneumatic injection parameters on collagen synthesis are lacking.


Abstract We are obsessed with the specter of disaster and we seem to be living in catastrophic times. Since the events of 9/11, we exist in a state of high alertness and live with the constant awareness of threats of global proportion. Terrorism, war, and forced migration, ecological instabilities and economic uncertainty, all contribute to an atmosphere of heightened anxiety. On the one hand, this situation has caused an increased desire for security and resulted in urgent calls for more assertive political measures that do not rarely threaten to weaken our constitutional rights. On the other hand, we have responded by adapting to a rhetoric of survival that informs our cultural imagination and guides our individual reactions to an alarming growth of contingency in our lives. From the success of TV-series to Giorgio Agamben's thoughts on the state of exception, this essay traces and analyzes the pervasive language of survival in popular culture and critical theory. I argue that "survival" must be seen as a central term for understanding how we conceptualize our lives in face of a perceived constant threat, and what this means for our responses to disaster and catastrophe. Against the background of recent events such as the refugee crisis and the coronavirus pandemic, this essay offers a discussion of the (bio)political consequences of a society that increasingly imagines its own reality as one of survival.


because of the different social background and ethnic surrounding,there exists big difference in social culture.As a special form of intercultural communication,translation not only pass the information to the reader,but also attach importance to the expression of language and cultural orientation,so translation not only solves the problems of language,but also relates to systematic activities.In the practice of translation,there formed two different strategies: alienation and adaptation.This paper studied the alienation and adaptation based on the culture-orientation.


Extended abstract
1. INTRODUCTION
Given the importance of the agriculture sector in the country's economy, activities in this sector are different from other productive and economic activities. Such difference is considered as a high-risk action due to the agriculture's heavy reliance on nature. Product insurance is a significant tool to reduce the risks of natural disasters; yet establishing agricultural insurance in a rural society must be taken into account as a new phenomenon. Similar to any other form of innovation, its reception by agricultural producers may face resistance or involve a slow and time-consuming progress which is a function of various socioeconomic factors. Without awareness about such factors, the possibility of attracting a proper participation of agricultural beneficiaries is little. As a result, the present study attempts to identify the most important factors on the trend toward agricultural and animal product insurance of rural residents in order to institutionalize these factors in Khomein County with respect to their extent of effectiveness.
2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Investigations show that agricultural insurance is well received by every country in the world, whether developed or developing, as one of the most effective ways of risk management as well as supporting agricultural producers. In this regard, agricultural product insurance can be considered as one of the pillars of agricultural development because by employing such a mechanism, the small savings gathered by numerous farmers to pay for insurance fees can be used to compensate for the damages that some of them had faced along with offering more security to agricultural producers.
From a historical perspective, it can be stated that the growth in agricultural insurance began when farmers became united to protect their product incomes and shield themselves from damages done by storm and hail. In other words, agricultural insurance has evolved from hail insurance during the past century.
3. METHODOLOGY
The present inquiry is a cross-sectional study that is conducted to examine the effective components on trend toward agricultural and animal product insurance among rural residents. According to the purpose and nature of the study, the research method is applied and descriptive-analytical, respectively. The total population in this study include 340 insured individuals from Rostaq village located in Khomein County. The sample size was estimated to be 180 individuals using the Cochran formula, and the samples were selected relative to the share and number of insured people in each village, using stratified random sampling. After the questionnaires were completed, 160 samples were examined (a number of questionnaires were invalid). All statistical analyses in this study were carried out using Amos Graphics 20 software.
4. DISCUSSION
In order to examine the effective factors on trend toward agricultural and animal product insurance in rural societies in the first model, twenty factors were identified. In the second model, the effective components on agricultural and animal product insurance investigated in this study were divided into two categories based on the contents, theme of variables and the author's assumption.
1. The first category includes components related to the insurance company or those organizational factors that are specified in this study as factors governing the organization. This category was examined in three aspects involving satisfaction toward the organization's services, information and insurance advertisements, and the insurance conditions and regulations.
2. The second category involves factors related to the (insured) individual which were specified as factors governing the individual in three aspects including financial and welfare, information and awareness, and personal and motivational. Consequently, a two-factor analysis model was employed in this section.
Among organizational factors, the insurance conditions and regulations involve the highest load (0.68) on its structure, i.e. organizational components. This means that this variable is more effective in clarifying the extent of trend toward insurance compared to other organizational factors. Subsequently, variables including satisfaction toward insurance services and information and notices are considered as organizational components with 0.54 and 0.42 values, respectively. However, among the three aspects of components concerning the trend toward insurance governing the individual, the financial and welfare components involve the highest load (0.76). Successively, there are personal and motivational (0.48) and information and awareness (0.36) components. On the other hand, attention to organizational and individual components with a correlation of 0.43 indicate the connection between these two categories of factors which means that the individual and organizational components affect one another. The significance of factor load concerning each variable are demonstrated in Table 5. As the findings show, all the factor loads with a P Value of less than 0.05 are significant.
5. CONCLUSION
According to the findings along with considering the importance of agricultural and animal product insurance as a support for activities within the agricultural sector, the identification of factors that indicate trends toward this type of insurance would be the first essential step to enforce them and reduce restrictive factors. In terms of research, it is recommended to conduct a set of qualitative studies in this area with special focus on experiences of the insured so that the subject can be analyzed with more depth. Since the focus of this study was only placed on the insured, attention to the insurance company staff's perspective could also supplement the study. Furthermore, in order to provide a better and deeper setting for farmers to become more familiar with the purposes and strategies of agricultural and animal product insurance, the planning, policies and organizational performances of authorities in this area must be focused upon enforcing the effective factors and reducing the restrictive ones, offering a background for more interactions between authorities and rural residents, holding educational courses for rural residents to become more familiar with insurance companies, increasing advertisement and providing more information for rural residents, improving the quality of services for the insured and prioritizing for research.


The need to rapidly detect, locate and repair natural gas leaks from natural gas infrastructure has become ever more urgent since methane is recognized as a potent greenhouse gas and is contributing to the global climate change. An optical gas sensor based on mid-infrared lasers and the method of backscattering tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is developed and provides gas concentration measurements with parts per billion by volume sensitivity. Ethane is a secondary component of natural gas. Concurrent methane and ethane measurement discriminates natural gas from biogas. The ability to approximate emission rate and leak location helps to prioritize repairs. This dual-gas optical gas sensor weighs about 2 kg, is battery-powered and is designed to be easily installed and removed from survey vehicles. A scattering target placed 1-m away from the gas sensor unit provides an open-path configuration for the laser beams to analyze ambient air. While the vehicle is traveling at 10 m/s, this gas sensor package is sensitive to cm-scale gas plumes due to a sample frequency of 100 Hz with data output rate at 10 Hz. Gas concentrations, GPS, and wind information along the survey route are collected wirelessly and processed with a computing tablet. Cloud-based data analytics further process the survey data. Early blind survey testing covered 54 natural gas leaks and 7 sewer emissions. Nearly 100% find rate for all true natural gas leaks was achieved with very low false positives and negatives. Leak indications were verified with follow-up survey with boots on the ground.


Lena in light in august is a primitive sign.Faulkner describes her static primitive existence by explaining the origin of the image and describing her clothes,her living condition and her harmonious relation with nature.Faulkner describes her active primitive existence by arranging her husband-searching trip to Jefferson,in this way,Faulkner forms comparison between her natural primitive humanity and the alienated humanity in Jefferson.Lena exhibits the grandeur of natural humanity in the novel,which shows the conservatism and criticism thought of the author.


This is a set of lecture notes used in a graduate topic class in applied mathematics called ``Quantum Algorithms for Scientific Computation'' at the Department of Mathematics, UC Berkeley during the fall semester of 2021. These lecture notes focus only on quantum algorithms closely related to scientific computation, and in particular, matrix computation. The main purpose of the lecture notes is to introduce quantum phase estimation (QPE) and ``post-QPE'' methods such as block encoding, quantum signal processing, and quantum singular value transformation, and to demonstrate their applications in solving eigenvalue problems, linear systems of equations, and differential equations. The intended audience is the broad computational science and engineering (CSE) community interested in using fault-tolerant quantum computers to solve challenging scientific computing problems.


Abstract— Amphibians possess extraocular photoreceptors (EOPs) which exclusively or together with the lateral eyes perceive light for various physiological and behavioral activities. Several kinds of EOPs are discussed but emphasis is given to the pineal complex: the dermal frontal organ (or stirnorgan) found only in frogs and toads among amphibians and the intracranial pineal body (or epiphysis cerebri) found in all Amphibia. Both structures are derived as dorsal evaginations of the diencephalon and have a retina‐like fine structure. Both are sensitive to visible and UV light but not to IR, mechanical or chemical stimuli. The frontal organ gives chromatic and achromatic responses but in most species only achromatic ones are recorded from the pineal. Photopigments have been identified for some of these responses.


The probability of proton-induced multiple-bit upset (MBU) has increased in highly-scaled technologies because device dimensions are small relative to particle event track size. Both proton-induced single event upset (SEU) and MBU responses have been shown to vary with angle and energy for certain technologies. This work analyzes SEU and MBU in a 130 nm CMOS SRAM in which the single-event response shows a strong dependence on the angle of proton incidence. Current proton testing methods do not account for device orientation relative to the proton beam and, subsequently, error rate prediction assumes no angular dependencies. Proton-induced MBU is expected to increase as integrated circuits continue to scale into the deep sub-micron regime. Consequently, the application of current testing methods will lead to an incorrect prediction of error rates


Studies in fatigue can be summarized into two stages, fatigue crack initiation and crack propagation. Fatigue damage may increase the risk of failure under cyclic load. Energy dissipation, termed damping, occurs in engineering metals and is a function of the cyclic loading history. Damping behaviour of materials has been estimated using many different experimental techniques, and parameters i.e. the loss factor vs. strain amplitude, frequency range, etc. However, micro-structural changes in the form of fatigue damage are also contributors to damping in engineering materials. In order to measure energy dissipation, a damping monitoring method has been used. Under a constant cyclic load up to the point of fatigue crack initiation, the effects of fatigue on damping factor were studied for 6061-T6511 aluminium alloy. In the experiments, the stress levels were below yield point, 50% and 70% of ultimate strength. Experimental results showed that the damping factor changes with the number of fatigue cycles. Percentage increase in damping energy was calculated using experimental data.


Based on the effect of drawing and joining on sliver,the theory was analysed.The feasibility of shortening process flow was given out.According to the theory,the experiment of shortening process flow has been done.The result indicates that shortening one process of gilling is feasibe.


The 3D/SiC composite was prepared by PIP and ICVI meth0d. The relati0n between matrix content in 3D C/SiC composite, characteristic of porosity distribution and its properiies were studied. The results show that open porosityrised and cl0sed porosity decreased with CVI - SiC matrix content rising. The flexural strength and oxidation resistance proper-ties were improved also. The effect of porosity on the properties of 3D C/SiC composite depended on the structure of twomatrix, compacted process and oxidation mechanism.


Samples of monocrystalline sapphire sensors of 10×10 mm2 area and 0.5 mm thickness with the initial charge collection efficiency of about 2% have been studied in electron beams. The response as a function of the absorbed dose revealed excellent radiation hardness. The signal size dropped smoothly with the absorbed dose approaching 30% of the signal of non-irradiated sensors after the dose of 12 MGy. Four sapphire sensors have been installed, together with four pCVD diamond sensors, as a beam halo monitor of the FLASH facility. A report on the commissioning and operation experience is given.


The time and frequency intervals of EEG signals have crucial influence on the classification performance of motor imagery based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). This paper proposes a novel algorithm for joint selection of time segment and frequency band for multiclass motor imagery based BCIs. A task-independent sliding window method, which does not require any prior knowledge, is used for the choice. Approximation joint diagonalization (AJD) based multiclass common spatial pattern (CSP) algorithm is utilized for feature extraction and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) is used for classification. The algorithm was tested and compared with three typical methods on a four-class motor imagery data set The experimental results suggested that based on the chosen time segment and frequency band, the proposed algorithm achieved superior performance with regard to classification accuracy.


Intervention 110 patients were allocated to care in a 6 bed SU. The programme was standardised with up to 42 days (mean 16 d) of team based care that included diagnostic evaluation, acute treatment, and mobilisation and rehabilitation from nurses, physicians, and other therapists, with an emphasis on family and patient participation. Functional training and motor relearning were emphasised. 110 patients were allocated to GW care with rehabilitation. After 6 weeks, patients received care from their family physicians.


Background The innate melanin pigmentation of skin is modulated during lifetime by a series of factors, including ageing and chronic ultraviolet light exposure. Actinic lentigines may be of particular concern from a cosmetic point of view. Conventional hypopigmenting agents are usually deceptive. Using cyclodextrins to form inclusion compounds with these agents might represent a more active drug delivery system.


The numerical simulation calculation of air-assisted atomizer internal gas flow field is done, the distribution and changes of the nozzle inside flow field total pressure, velocity, and dynamic and static pressure are analyzed. The analysis shows that the total pressure loss is less; due to the effect of gas viscous, the high-speed air flow is formed vortex flow near the outlet nozzle and the mutual influence between the dynamic and static pressure. A new way is supported for optimizing the nozzle structure according to these studies.


This research evaluated a chlorine gas–solid sodium chlorite chlorine dioxide (ClO2) generation system at the Roanoke County (Va.) Spring Hollow Water Treatment Facility and monitored concentrations of the oxidant and its by‐products within the facility and distribution system. Project objectives were to (1) document changes in ClO2, chlorite ion (ClO2–), and chlorate ion (ClO3–) concentrations throughout the facility and distribution system following raw water ClO2 pretreatment; (2) evaluate ClO2– removal by the postfilter granular activated carbon (GAC) contactors; and (3) determine distribution system ClO2 concentrations associated with odor complaints. The average raw water ClO2 dose was 0.4 mg/L, and overall ClO2– removals by GAC averaged 63% but declined markedly with increasing throughput volume. Distribution system ClO2– concentrations were generally <0.2 mg/L and decreased with increasing distance from the treatment facility; ClO3– never exceeded 0.1 mg/L. ClO2 was measured at low concentrations (0.017–0.17 mg/L) in the distribution system, and a measured concentration of 0.03 mg/L was found at the home of one customer who complained of odors.


A commonplace scenario easily available in most writings on the status of women usually has three parts: early subjection to male authoritarianism reinforced by -the cultural tradition and folk conventions, the slow and arduous struggle for emancipation in the premodern period, and some recent hard-won victories signifying varying degrees of equality with men. In the Chinese case, a note of drama is injected in this otherwise routine tale by highly accentuating the role of Mao's personal leadership and of the revolutionary ideology of the Chinese Communist Party. Such a description, even in its utterly simplistic portrayal of a bleak past and a promising future, conceals a number of crucial theoretical problems. Behind the evident shift in status lie some unexplored questions: What are the variables used in measuring women's status? Is inequality built into the very process of measurement? How does one explain the crucial change? These problems


Many Quaternary geological exposures in the Yukon have yielded identifiable insect fossils. All groups occurring in the Yukon today except Apterygota and the pterygote orders Ephemeroptera, Mecoptera, Orthoptera, Mallophaga, Anoplura, Thysanoptera and Siphonaptera have been recorded as fossils. Coleoptera dominate, with most beetle fossils being from the Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Curculionidae and sometimes Byrrhidae. For purposes of discussion the fossils from various sites are grouped according to age. One group includes Holocene and modern assemblages. Study of modern assemblages of insect fragments provides baseline information on taphonomy (the history of postmortal transportation and other events) and preservation. Some of the early Holocene faunas represent an intense warm period that occurred at high latitudes about 10 thousand years ago. A second group of fossil assemblages consists of those deposited during the coldest episode of the last glaciation when large areas of the Yukon were ice free and were part of East Beringia. Some of these samples support the conclusion drawn from plant and mammal fossils that the environment at the time was steppe-like, with no modern analogue. A third group is made up of fossils deposited between about 60 and 30 thousand years ago, an interval commonly called the mid-Wisconsinan. Some of the assemblages from this time period are very diverse; some contain unusual fossils, such as heads of noctuid moths and genital fragments of anthomyiid flies or other fossils that are exceptionally well preserved. The fourth group—interglacial faunas—includes only 2 sites. The one most accurately referred to the last interglacial (about 125 thousand years ago) contains a few taxa that do not occur as far north as the site today, including one beetle that now lives no farther north than Alberta. Such marked range extensions are more common in the fifth group of assemblages—those representing late Tertiary time. There are few assemblages of this age from the Yukon, but some are so close to the Yukon border that they represent the Tertiary fauna of the Yukon. Plant and insect fossils show that 3 million years ago rich coniferous forests covered at least all of central and northern Yukon and that the climate was less continental than at present. The insect fauna contained extinct species as well as some taxa now confined to the Palaearctic. The rich coniferous zone extended from eastern Siberia to Ellesmere Island and Greenland and was the last such forest connection across the Bering Straits. Subsequent intervals of dry land between Siberia and Alaska were characterized by severe arctic conditions and no forests. Resume. Insectes fossiles du Yukon. Plusieurs fouilles geologiques a des sites du Quaternaire au Yukon ont revele la presence d'insectes fossiles identifiables. Des fossiles de tous les groupes actuels d'insectes du Yukon ont ete trouves, a l'exception des Apterygotes et de quelques ordres pterygotes, Ephemeroptera, Mecoptera, Orthoptera, Mallophaga, Anoplura, Thysanoptera et Siphonaptera. Les coleopteres dominent et la plupart des fossiles de cet ordre appartiennent aux familles Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Curculionidae et parfois Byrrhidae. Pour des raisons d'ordre logistique, les fossiles des differents sites sont regroupes en fonction de l'epoque. Un groupe comprend des fossiles de l'Holocene et des collections modernes. L'etude des collections modernes de fragments d'insectes a permis de tracer les grandes lignes de la taphonomie (l'histoire des deplacements apres la mort et d'autres evenements) et de la conservation. Certaines des faunes du debut de l'Holocene refletent une periode de chaleur intense qui s'est produite aux latitudes elevees il y a environ 10 000 ans. Un second groupe de fossiles est constitue de fragments deposes durant la periode la plus froide de la derniere glaciation, periode ou d'importantes zones du Yukon etaient denuees de glace et faisaient partie de la Beringie orientale. Certains de ces echantillons appuient l'hypothese basee sur les fossiles de plantes et de mammiferes et selon laquelle l'environnement a cette periode etait de type steppe, sans analogue moderne. Un troisieme groupe est constitue de fossiles qui remontent a environ 60 000 – 30 000 ans, intervalle generalement reconnu comme le Wisconsinien moyen. Certains groupes de cette periode sont tres diversifies. Certains contiennent des fossiles remarquables, tetes de papillons noctuides, fragments genitaux de dipteres anthomyiides, ou d'autres fossiles particulierement bien conserves. pp. 911 – 962 in H.V. Danks and J.A. Downes (Eds.), Insects of the Yukon. Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods), Ottawa. 1034 pp. © 1997 Le quatrieme groupe—qui reunit des faunes inter-glaciaires—ne represente que deux sites. Le site date le plus exactement remonte a environ 125 000 ans, soit la derniere periode interglaciaire, et contient quelques taxons qui ne vivent plus aussi au nord maintenant, y compris un coleoptere dont la limite boreale de repartition est en Alberta. Ce type de repartition tres etendu est plus commun parmi le cinquieme groupe de taxons—representant la fin du Tertiaire. Il y a peu d'associations de cette epoque au Yukon, mais certaines sont si pres de la frontiere du Yukon qu'elles sont considerees comme formant la faune du Tertiaire du Yukon. Les fossiles de plantes et d'insectes indiquent que de riches forets de coniferes recouvraient au moins tout le centre et le nord du Yukon il y a 3 millions d'annees et que le climat a cette epoque etait moins continental que de nos jours. La faune des insectes contenait des especes maintenant disparues aussi bien que des especes maintenant strictement palearctiques. La foret de coniferes s'etalait alors de l'est de la Siberie jusqu'a l'ile Ellesmere et au Groenland et constituait le dernier pont forestier a avoir assure une continuite de part et d'autre de la mer de Bering. Par la suite, les liens terrestres qui ont prevalu entre la Siberie et l'Alaska etaient caracterises par des conditions arctiques rigoureuses et etaient denudes de toute foret.


H c e a G-space Υ is called a majorant of a class Κ if sh X < sh Y^ for any G-space X from K. The G-spaces X and Υ are called f-equivalent if there are G-shape morphisms of X into Υ and of Υ into X. It is easy to see the following. 1. All G-spaces with invariant points make up exactly one f-cquivalence class. 2. If there is a majcrant fo=a class K, then all G-spaces of class Κ are mutually f-equivalent. 3. There are G-movable compacta without fixed points. Theorem 1 follows from 1, 2, and 3. We cali an inverse G-sequencs {Xj,, Pk,{] canonical if for every k there is an equivariant mapping rfllk+1: Xp_ —*• Xft+χ such that Pj,k+i h'h*i — Pj.h> ' < / < k. 4. Every G-movable inverse sequence contains a canonical subsequence. 5. For any f-equivalent G-movable G-spaces X and Υ there are inverse associated G-ANR-sequences {Χ%, ρ^,ι)αηά {Y^, qh,l) s u c n t n a t f y k and I there >ie equivariant mappings of Xk into Y/ and of Υ ι into X^.


Common dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) is an important forage grass used throughout many of the warmer regions of the world. Dallisgrass seed lots normally contain a low percentage of fully-developed caryopses. The objectives of this study were to compare the percent developed caryopses and germinability of seed harvested in different years from four dallisgrass biotypes (common, Uruguayan, Uruguaiana and yellow-anthered), to determine effects of storage conditions on seed germination of the biotypes and to determine the effect of acid treatment for improving germination. Seeds were harvested from a field nursery at Temple, Texas, in June 1988, October 1990 and June 1991. Immediately after harvest, untreated and sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 )-treated seed were germinated. Yellow-anthered dallisgrass seed consistently had the highest percent developed caryopses (mean of 90% over three years), while values for common dallisgrass never exceeded 38%, similar to the other two biotypes. Germination of freshly-harvested seed varied by biotype and harvest date. Seed lots collected in 1988 were divided into two subsamples and stored. Germination of seed stored for 2 yr at 7°C was lower (and significantly so for two biotypes) than corresponding seed stored at room temperature. Results from this study indicate that (1) storage at room temperature (26°C) was preferable to storage at 7°C, (2) yellow-anthered dallisgrass had a high percentage of mature caryopses, while values for the other three biotypes were similar, and (3) acid treatments increased germination of both fresh and stored seed of the four biotypes.


This paper represents a technique for recovering the Software Architecture based on Graph Pattern Matching by the help of mining techniques. Generally Software Architecture is represented in terms of graphs with set of vertices and edges. Finding the frequent data sets is the major step in the software architecture recovery. Many algorithms are proposed in this context, for example Apriori based. In this paper to find the frequent data sets and a maximum association between the graphs we used an efficient algorithm called SPIN (Spanning tree based Maximal Graph Mining Technique). The results have shown that our proposed Graph mining technique is more efficient in recovering the Software Architecture.


A. Introduction The notion of "public" is making an unexpected yet impressive comeback. After decades of neoliberal policies where State failures and public irrationalities were systematically pointed out and the superiority of private management consistently affirmed, public authority and public intervention again appear as the inescapable solution to the most daunting issues of our times, particularly at the EU level. As the environmental emergency is making its way through our minds and the challenge raised by the accumulation of private authority in the hands of a limited number of multinational corporations becomes clearer every day, many call for stronger regulations—in areas of data privacy, tax fraud, environment, health standards, and others—and a staunch relaunch of investments, evidenced by the many versions of the "Green New Deal."With the dystopia of a fully private vision of the future diffusing in popular culture series and novels, notions of the "common" and the "public good" are making a striking return in our democratic conversation. Interestingly, these calls for the rearmament of Europe's public capacity parallel our increasing sensitivity to the receding "publicness" of EU decision-making under the pressure of intense lobbying and revolving door mechanisms. Documentaries and journalist investigations have diffused a critical vision of an EU deemed incapable of evading the pressure of business stakeholders while providing a solely marginal place to the interests of citizens.1 Whatever one thinks of the diagnosis, they are proof of a growing awareness, particularly among younger generations, that the dividing line between the public and the private is not any social or professional border, and that its robustness conditions political sovereignty, equality, citizenship, and ultimately, democracy itself.2 And yet, such a comeback finds us unprepared. The public lexicon that we continue to use routinely is still the same as thirty years ago, as if the realities that this public compass was supposed to capture—publicsphere, good or goods, interest, utilities, service public, and others—had not been profoundly turned around by three decades of neoliberal policies.3 Short of an overall reassessment of both the map and the territory of the public, we run the risk of using it as an empty signifier, or even a mere buzzword. Strikingly, pseudo-notions of the public interest do, in fact, blossom today, such as corporate social responsibility, pro bono publico, philanthropy, and more.4 But these public ersatz generate increasing skepticism among generations of citizens who are wary


The electrophoretic mobility of a colloidal particle near the boundary is investigated in this study for various types of problems by using finite element method. For the present study, we extend the integrated particle to non-integrated one like the toroid, and also consider the case a particle move along the axis of a long cylindrical pore eccentrically. The analysis include a toroid along the axis of a cylindrical pore, a finite cylinder eccentrically along the axis of a long cylindrical pore, a charge-regulated toroid normal to a large disk, and a soft toroid along the axis of a cylindrical pore. Another, about the charge model of both the particle and the boundary, we adapt the constant surface electric potential, constant volume charge density, and charge-regulated respectively. Referring to the skill of calculation, the coupled flow field and electric field equations or so-called electrokintic equations can be linearized assuming the applied electric field is weak and the surface potential is low, and therefore, a superposition is used to solve problem. We found that the particle mobility is affected by several factors, the charge conditions on the particle and the boundary, the geometric of the particle and the boundary, the size of the hole of the particle, the separation distance between the particle and the boundary, the eccentricity of the particle within the boundary, the double layer thickness, and the relative magnitude of the thickness of the charged membrane layer and its resistance. Results reveal that although the presence of the boundary has the effect of retarding the movement of a particle, it becomes advantageous if a toroid is sufficiently close to the boundary and cause a local minimum, especially for the case of hard toroid. For the case of the electrophoresis of a toroid normal to a large disk, the mobility may have a local maximum as the thickness of double layer varies. In addition, when a finite cylinder moves along the axis of a long cylindrical pore, generally speaking, the mobility of the particle increases with the increasing eccentricity, but for a short particle the mobility may have a local minimum as the eccentricity varies.


We first reported the vanM vancomycin resistance gene in enterococci in Shanghai, China in 2006 and later found it to be the predominant van gene in vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE). In this study, we successively collected 1292 Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis strains from in‐ and outpatients at Huashan Hospital, Fudan University and found that nearly all of the isolates (1290/1292) were vancomycin‐sensitive determined by the VITEK 2 system. However, using a modified macromethod‐based disk diffusion test, 10 E. faecium isolates that were previously determined to be vancomycin‐sensitive by the VITEK 2 system were found to have colonies in the vancomycin disk inhibition zone. Pulse‐field gel electrophoresis results showed that each randomly selected colony in the inhibition zone belonged to the same clone as the original strain. All 10 isolates were later found to be vanM‐positive. The disk diffusion‐based method may aid in the detection of vanM‐positive E. faecium with low vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations and prevent missing the detection of vancomycin sensitivity‐variable enterococci.


Investigation of the shear strength properties of Klaipėda sand by simple shear test is presented. The characteristic values of the angle of internal friction φk and the cohesion ck are obtained via the least squares method and various factors of influence are elucidated. The investigation reveals the test quantity to have a significant influence on the characteristic shear strength parameters for loose sand. The processed characteristic magnitude of the angle of internal friction varies within 16.140 (3 tests) and 27.020 (36 tests) bounds, that of the characteristic cohesion varies within -74.18 kPa (3 tests) and 1.12 kPa (36 tests) bounds. The above mentioned shear strength properties confirm the linear Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion obtained via processing the test data. The same scatter of characteristic shear strength parameters variation is obtained when the peak shear stress are recorded for horizontal displacement magnitude of 5 mm. In this case the obtained characteristic angle of the internal friction varies within the bounds of 17.380 (3 tests) and 26.79 0 (36 tests), and that of characteristic cohesion within various within -68.82 kPa (3 tests) and 1.18 kPa (36 tests) bounds. The authors recommend performing at least 18 experimental tests in order to avoid high influence on statistical coefficient of confidence level tα and on the number of degrees of freedom k.


Section I of this paper will briefly discuss the rationale and methodology for proxy means tests, placing them in the context of some of the relevant economic literature on the topic. Section II will describe the data and methodology for developing the targeting formula for the Sri Lankan case. Section III will present results and identify the models considerable best suited for the purpose. Section IV will analyze the targeting outcomes derived from simulations with the models and relate these to possible choices for eligibility thresholds. Section V will compare the selected models with some alternative methods for estimating the model. Section VI will derive and compare welfare gains for a few examples of payment schedules used to distribute benefits to the eligible groups identified by the formulas, and Section VII will conclude by summarizing some of the important conclusions from the exercise.


An atomic force microscope was used as a machining tool to conduct micro machining on single crystal silicon surface with a diamond tip at nanometer scale material removal rate and under ultra low machining force. The micro machined region and the removed chip elemental features were analyzed with SEM. Additionally, by using EDS and XPS, the chemical features inside and outside the micro machined region were comparatively analyzed. The results show that there were not micro cracks and fracture damage inside the micro machined region and alongside its edges. Elemental analysis indicated that the removed chips easy to be oxidized due to their loose state and hence the large surface area. The XPS analysis showed that there was oxidized layer generated on the machined surface, with depth value ranges from 0.3~0.4 nm corresponds to the machining normal loads varied.


Recent technological breakthroughs have produced a massive increase in quantitative data on biological macromolecular structures. Scientists are on the threshold of significant advances in the understanding of the molecular basis of biological systems. One can now begin to think in terms of the complete genome and the collection of all proteins synthesized in a living organism. The proteins are the most important metabolic structures that determine the individuality of species and of organisms. Methods for identifying an unknown protein from partial or ambiguous laboratory data are key elements for progress in this area. This paper describes some of the technical aspects of the methods of identification that will be incorporated into an automated, on-line, protein identification system. The accompanying paper discusses some applications of the system.


The fundamental problem of interrupting a direct, current is producing a current zero which will allow for the elimination of current flow. Historically, external circuits have been used to extinguish a plasma (arc) conducting medium by counterpulsing the arc current to zero. Preliminary results show that solid-state dc interrupters utilizing gale turnoff thyristors can provide for reduced capacitive energy storage requirements over vacuum interrupters and SCRs in creating a current zero. Additionally, the hardware required in the gate circuit of the GTO is significantly reduced over the counter-pulse circuits in vacuum interrupters and SCRs by taking advantage of the turn-off gain available in the GTO. Interrupters designed around the GTO can have applications in the power conditioning and protection circuits of particle accelerators and fusion reactors.


A discussion covers the production of anodes for impressed-current cathodic protection by roll-bonding platinum coatings on niobium; the use of such anodes in sea water on drilling rigs, offshore platforms, docks and piers, pipelines, cables, etc.; the use of platinum-clad niobium probes in heat-exchanger systems operating on sea water; platinum-clad niobium-mesh anodes for use in deepwater wells for impressed-current cathodic protection; and the advantages of platinum-clad niobium foil anodes over conventional carbon and high-silicon iron anodes in shallow or deep impressed-current groundbeds in soil.


The electric illumination device is turned on or off by a switch (6). The switch is designed and is arranged so that it is forcedly operated to switch on the illumination when the sight (1) is correctly attached to the firearm (2) by operating an operating member (8) provided for deploying the firearm so that it is ready to fire. An independent claim is included for a retrofitting set for a sight.


Bong-amsa Temple is a special temple in the custody of Jogye sect, a branch of Buddhism in Korea. Due to limited public access to this temple, its Geungnakjeon(paradise shrine) has been little known to outside. But it is known that the Geungnakjeon has been not yet explored from academic standpoints in terms of its historical establishment as well as applications, and it would be two-storied wooden pagoda or the like. In order to examine its historical establishment, this study investigated historical records related to Bong-amsa Temple and its intrinsic architectural style. As a result, it was estimated that the building was established around the transitional period ranging from the late Koryo dynasty to the early Joseon dynasty. And it was found that the Geungnakjeon is not the two-storied wooden pagoda, but the unique building including an incidental component called Chayanggan(遮陽間; a sort of stepped penthouse) in Korea. In order to examine its possible applications, this study compared this building with other Buddhist funeral articles in forms similar thereto, such as Buddhist pagoda(僧塔), sarira container(舍利器) and Gamnodo(甘露圖) which depicts Byeoknyeon Daeban(碧蓮臺畔; a palanquin carrying malignant spirit). Then, this study estimated its possible applications on the basis of relevant historical literatures. As a result, it was found that this building was used as Wondang(願堂; a sort of Buddhist prayer house) to wish royal family's going to Nirvana after death, and it was not Confucian-style architecture popularized in the era of Joseon dynasty, but Buddhist-style architecture built widely from the era of Koryo dynasty to the early Joseon dynasty.


ABSTRACT Mothers' experiences constitute a central and widely discussed issue within feminist breastfeeding research. Less is said however, about long-term breastfeeding in relation to embodiment. This article analyses the embodied experiences of Finnish mothers who have breastfed for over a year. Through a feminist lens, and an inductive qualitative content analysis, the written accounts of 39 long-term breastfeeding mothers were analysed, to show how mothers reflect on embodiment while breastfeeding long-term. Mothers described their embodied experiences in relation to four themes: functionality of the body; tiredness; beauty norms; and pleasure. The study reveals their accounts of bodily changes and experiences, in particular their conception of functionality over objectivity, the societal expectations they face, and the vexed question of bodily pleasure. Mothers emphasized the functionality of their bodies in being able to breastfeed long-term, which positively changed the way in which they experienced their body. Tiredness was discussed, but positive emotions towards long-term breastfeeding were more common. Mothers recognized the beauty norms related to the female body but often discussed changes in their own bodies with humour, which balanced the pressure they felt to fulfil these norms. Women's breasts are often sexualized, but for these mothers, the pleasure of long-term breastfeeding was more an emotional pleasure rather than anything sexual. By giving a voice to these mothers the article brings experiential knowledge to this under-researched subject.


During the Revolution and the Civil War, a few score of thousands of natives of the Ciscarpathian Rus came to Siberia and the Far East as refugees and prisoners of war. All of them, including members of the Central Carpatho-Russian Council (CCC), had to choose different strategies to adapt to the changing environment. At the same time, this forced them to choose sides in the conflict, which, in turn, foregrounded the problem of self-identification. Addressing these issues in terms of the history of emotions, it is possible to build a research model that allows reconstructing and describing the adaptation and self-identification strategies used by the community as a kind of attempt to construct an "emotional community". This construction itself could occur by creating certain "emotional modes", which were a set of prescribed emotives – speech acts describing emotions and changing or causing them. Since emotives could be expressed in discourse and rituals, it is appropriate to turn to the analysis of the content of symbolic politics and media, namely the official CCC newspaper Karpatorusskoe slovo. This research analyses the newspaper publications to identify the emotives used by the CCC for shaping a certain emotional mode for the "emotional community" – the natives of Ciscarpathia, who found themselves in unfamiliar social and cultural environment in Eastern Russia. The analysis allows considering the specificity of the CCC's agitation activities and the process of construction of the Carpatho-Russian identity as "an inherent part of the Russian people".


Urban bus services e subject to high levels of uncertainty and disturbances. Methods to determine the timetable are designed to absorb variations in riding times between stops by allocating additio ...


This study reveals the technique for to achive the shapes of the mathematical models which put in evidence the distributions of the values concerning the number of Hospitals, respectively Medical Centres, in our country, in the time horizon 2005-2014. In the same time, we can to observe the algorithm applied for to construct forecasts about the evolutions regarding the number of Hospitals and Medical Centres in Romania.


The relationship between pregnacy and intestinal disease was investigated in 22 women with 34 pregnancies during or after the onset of Crohns disease. Pregnancy was completed in approximately 77% of the cases. The average birthweight was 3000 g. The intestinal disease complicated the course of pregnancy in 3 cases; perforation of the ileum occurred in the 28th week in 1 patient another patient developed mechanical large intestinal ileus during the 36th week on account of a band of adhesions and elective Cesarean section was undertaken in 1 patient on account of rectovaginal fistula formation. Spontaneous abortion occurred in 2 cases (5.9%) provoked abortion occurred in 4 cases (11.8%) and therapeutic abortion occurred in 2 cases (5.9%). In 1 case the indication for this procedure was the aggravation of the intestinal disease. In cases where conception occurred during an inactive phase of the disease approximately 66% remained symptom-free while in the remaining group the disease was aggravated. In 2 of the 4 cases where conception occurred during an active phase of the disease the intestinal disease was further aggravated. The intestinal disease ran a smoother course during pregnancy in patients who had previously undergone an operation for this condition. However this investigation does not allow for any generalized conclusions on this subject. (authors modified) (summary in ENG)


Combined with the practice in the computer aided architecture design(CAAD) course,we studied its teaching mode and researched new methods of the computer-aided education to improve the utilization efficiency of resources and cultivate students' ability of self-study.On the other hand,we hope to provide a reference to other purposes of computer-aided education.


Mesiodens is a common dental anomaly. It is mostly observed in the upper anterior and lower premolar regions. Mesiodens' existence causes complications such as diastema, delayed eruption, rotation, root resorption, and dentigerous cyst formation. These cases aim to present the treatment and follow-up of mesiodens, which caused delayed tooth eruption. Mesiodens treatment is a controversial issue. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment of the complicating mesiodens may prevent further orthodontic treatment.


The growing number of Wi-Fi networks at homes, buildings and public areas can consume excessive energy and therefore increase CO2 emissions. Hence, the aim of this paper is to investigate the energy consumption of Wi-Fi networks in general. This study is based on real-world observations both usage and energy consumption of Wi-Fi access points. A variety of off-the-shelf Wi-Fi access points were examined to investigate to what degree clients' usage patterns, especially the signal to noise ratio (SNR) affects the energy consumption. The results indicate that low SNR increases the energy consumption up to 136% in various Wi-Fi access points. Therefore, confining clients with a low level of SNR can reduce the energy consumption of Wi-Fi access points while increases network throughput. Hence, findings of this paper can improve the energy efficiency of Wi-Fi networks in particular energy and cost efficiency of public hotspots.


Shock wave stability for isentropic irrotational flow is studied for Euler system but with shock front conditions corresponding to the second order nonlinear wave equation. It is shown that the usual Lax' shock condition still guarantees the uniform linear stability and therefore the existence of the shock waves solution.


MYO1A is considered the gene underlying autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss DFNA48, based on six missense variants, one small in‐frame insertion, and one nonsense mutation. Results from NGS targeting 66 deafness genes in 109 patients identified three families challenging this assumption: two novel nonsense (p.Tyr740* and p.Arg262*) and a known missense variant were identified heterozygously not only in index patients, but also in unaffected relatives. Deafness in these families clearly resulted from mutations in other genes (MYO7A, EYA1, and CIB2). Most of the altogether 10 MYO1A mutations are annotated in dbSNP, and population frequencies (dbSNP, 1000 Genomes, Exome Sequencing Project) above 0.1% contradict pathogenicity under a dominant model. One healthy individual was even homozygous for p.Arg262*, compatible with homozygous Myo1a knockout mice lacking any overt pathology. MYO1A seems dispensable for hearing and overall nonessential. MYO1A adds to the list of "erroneous disease genes", which will expand with increasing availability of large‐scale sequencing data.


The implementation of Porter's strategy in the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) business in Labuhanbatu Regency is classified as a crucial idea as well as a threat to businesses that are not serious about managing business strategies. Porter's strategy through low cost and differentiation is an important thing that needs to be considered by business actors. The purpose of this study is to prove and find out which MSMEs carry out the Porter implementation strategy for MSMEs in Indonesia and find out which factors of Porter's strategy are often used in MSME businesses. in strengthening MSMEs in Indonesia. The sampling technique refers to the minimum sample size in PLS-SEM, which is 30-100 sample sizes, so the authors set a sample size of 100 people. The sampling technique chose a purposive sampling technique and the data collection technique used a questionnaire (google form), interviews, and written or primary data. Each question in the online questionnaire has five alternative answer choices Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, Disagree, and Strongly Disagree. The author's data analysis technique uses SmartPLS 4.0. Based on the profiles of respondents, the types of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are dominated by fashion and culinary businesses. Based on the results of the description of the variables, it was concluded that respondents gave Agree and Strongly Agree responses for all the variables studied, and the results of research through testing the hypothesis there is a concordance where the low cost and differentiation variables significantly influence competitive advantage and competitive advantage affects consumer satisfaction.