This paper provides a review of some thermoelectric cooling (TE) applications in terms of the aspect of cooling at electronic equipments and some proposed cooling application for the future. A background discussion of thermoelectric cooling is provided in brief citing early history and current developments. In this paper, a review of the traditional cooling techniques, a highlight on the problems faced by each of the techniques is made and it is compared to the thermoelectric cooling. The aim of this paper is to discuss the possibility of making use of the Thermo Electric Coolers (TEC) for outdoor cooling applications. The utilization of water for cooling aid is discussed. The factors affecting the TE performance is discussed as well. The assembling consideration for best performance of TEC and the supply requirements for TEC will be discussed. Effects of water cooling and the other methods of cooling procedures also is discussed with practical comparisons.


Most employers make use of short-listing and appointment criteria, in some form or another, when dealing with job applicants. It is, therefore, important for criteria to be free from unfair discrimination relating to, inter alia, disability, as a failure to do so would constitute a barrier to employment for these persons. The failure to recognise the ground of disability in these criteria is regressive and is not in line with the protection afforded to such people. The issue of the non-inclusion of the ground of disability in the short-listing and appointment criteria arose in Singh. The claimant, Singh, applied for numerous magistrates' posts which were advertised by the Magistrates' Commission. Singh was a blind person and she disclosed her disability in her job application. She was not short-listed and this gave rise to her claim of unfair discrimination on the ground of disability. A novel question was whether section 174(2) of the Constitution which requires the judiciary "to reflect broadly the racial and gender composition of South Africa" includes the ground of disability. It should be noted that Singh brought her claim in terms of the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act.


The widely-praised "open" eclecticism of George Kane's editions of Piers Plowman has simultaneously elicited discontent for its inattention to textual history, its susceptibility to misuse, and its conflicting conceptions of poetry. These evolving attitudes reveal how the impressive methodological rigor that gives Kane's system strength problematically clashes with the subjective editorial judgment it proclaims as essential. Eclectic editors's insistence that a textually straightforward Chaucerian line—Canterbury Tales III 838—be emended either conjecturally or from a late and isolated textual tradition highlights that problem; the accuracy with which several indisputably brilliant Chaucerian lines are preserved in the witnesses warns us to be wary of eclectic overreach.


In this paper, we introduce a generalization of the Hilfer-Prabhakar derivative and obtain the Euler-Lagrange equations and Hamiltonian formulation with respect to this fractional derivative in the theory of fractional calculus of variations. Also, we get a sufficient condition for optimality.


Aerodynamic characteristics of box-wing are studied by the numerical method and the flow mechanisms of flows are analyzed.The governing equations are Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations solved by the unstructured finite volume method.Osher scheme is used for spatial discretisation and five-stage Runge-Kutta scheme is applied for temporal discretisation.S-A equation turbulence model is adopted.The flowfield of box-wing at different attack angles is simulated and the aerodynamic forces are obtained.The research is helpful to understand the aerodynamic characteristics and flow mechanisms for box-wing,thus providing reasonable reference for box-wing design.


Twenty years' experience with Environmental Protection Agency efforts to enforce the 1972 Clean Water Act's controls on water pollution have demonstrated the scientific, bureaucratic, political, and organizational complexities of regulating industrial organizations. Industrial representatives play much more active and influential roles in standard setting and rule enforcement than do environmental and other public interest groups. Political ideology and political influence play an important role in the process. Enforcement efforts have relied more on consensual and negotiative strategies than on deterrent and civil or criminal law enforcement strategies. This results from trade-offs between concerns for economic viability and public benefit, from the ability of large organizations to deploy human and financial capital, from insufficient funding of environmental regulatory agencies, and from scientific uncertainties about appropriate standards and feasible amelioration methods.


In order to reveal the effect of aircraft surface concave roughness on the transition, several hypersonic quiet wind tunnel tests were carried out on the flat-plate model with independent concave roughness on the surface. The experimental Mach number was 6.5 and the total temperature was 430 K. Using infrared thermal imaging technology, a general rule of the effect of concave roughness on the boundary layer transition was obtained. The flow visualization results and the PCB pressure measurement results showed that the concave roughness promotes the transition by increasing the growth of the first mode wave rather than the growth of the second mode wave.


Field surveys were conducted in order to collect information on the occurrence of wild Artemia populations in hypersaline environments such as salt lakes, lagoons and salty rivers. The mating behaviour of Artemia populations and the presence or absences of males were carefully recorded. Sampling involved the use of plankton nets. Collected cysts were characterized on the basis of their diameter and chorion thickness, while nauplii (instar-I) were characterized on the basis of their total length. Artemia populations were found at 17 different geographical locations scattered over 12 Iranian provinces. All Iranian Artemia populations are parthenogenetic with the exception of Artemia urmiana from Urmia Lake. During the last five years severe salinity increase has caused a dramatic reduction of population sizes in several hypersaline settings in Iran. The study of cyst and naupliar biometry revealed substantial differences between populations and can be used, to some extent, for their discrimination. Cyst diameter mean values range from 243.2 to 285.4 μm. For some Iranian parthenogens, cyst diameters were among the smallest recorded so far for parthenogenetic Artemia. The total length of newly hatched nauplii ranges from 455.5 to 529.8 μm. Introduction Artemia was first described in Lymington (England) by Schlosser in 1755 (Kuenen & BassBecking, 1938). Since then, many Artemia sites have been recorded. The first trial to list all known Artemia sites dates back to 1922 when Artom reported 18 of them. Later, Stella (1933) and Barigozzi (1946) reported the occurrence of Artemia populations in 28 and 29 sites respectively, spread over the five continents. However, the first systematic effort to make an inventory of the various known Artemia populations was carried out by Persoone & Sorgeloos (1980), who listed 244 sites/populations. The same authors also pointed out that many Artemia sites have been abandoned or destroyed (e.g. Artemia has disappeared from Germany and Great Britain). Vanhaecke et al. (1987), in their updated review, reported the presence of Artemia in 360 geographically distinct areas. The most recent investigations on Artemia biogeography have been published by Triantaphyllidis et al. (1998) and Van Stappen (2002), and report 505 and 598 Artemia sites, respectively. The increasing number of Artemia sites indicates that their real


Picea jezoensis with several infraspecific taxa is indigenous to Eastern Asia and the Far East of Russia. Although these taxa are very common, the taxonomic confusion surrounding this complex is reflected in ambiguity of the various taxonomic treatments currently used. Patterns of intraspecific variations of cone morphology and recognition of taxa within the P. jezoensis complex were investigated from 175 individuals. Morphological variation of cone characters was determined by the univariate analysis to be insignificant in separating most previously recognized infraspecific taxa in Korea, China, Russia, and Japan. Our statistical analysis showed that cones from northern populations were larger and wider than those from southern populations. Individuals from South Korea were predominantly smaller even than those from Honshu of Japan which were previously recognized as var. hondoensis. All measured characters appeared to show some clinal variation with changes in latitude, and a distinctive trend was evident. Consequently var. hondoensis, var. koreana, and var. microsperma cannot retain their infraspecific state within the P. jezoensis complex.


Vibration–dissociation coupling in low‐density, hypersonic flows of air is investigated. Radiative emission data for nitric oxide and for atomic oxygen measured by a reentry flight experiment are used to assess the modeling of this phenomenon. Flow field computations are performed using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. Due to the relatively small number of collisions under high‐altitude, low‐density flow conditions, an overlay approach is used to simulate changes in chemical composition of trace species, including both nitric oxide and atomic oxygen. Radiative emission is calculated using a nonequilibrium radiation method. It is found that the strong degree of thermal nonequilibrium that occurs in high‐altitude, hypersonic flows makes the chemistry very sensitive to the vibration–dissociation coupling model. A number of such models based on continuum and particle representations of the flow are assessed. A variation in dissociation rate of up to nine orders of magnitude among these models is foun...


Gouldner, A., and H. P. Gouldner. 1963. Modern Sociology. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. Kaplan, L. S. 1971. "Looking Backward." Transaction 8 (September): 64-70. Lipset, S. M., and E. C. Ladd, Jr. 1972. "The Politics of American Sociologists." American Journal of Sociology 78 (July): 67-104. Parsons, T. 1928. "'Capitalism' in Recent German Literature: Sombart and Weber." Journal of Political Economy 36 (December): 641-61. Toby, J. 1972. "Gouldner's Misleading Reading of the Theories of Talcott Parsons." Contemporary Sociology 1:109-10.


By using a new vector model of Erbium-doped fiber laser with a mode-locking mechanism based on a nonlinear polarization rotation, we demonstrate, for the first time, a transition from a stable mode-locking with a locked state of polarization (SOP) to an unstable mode-locking with periodically and chaotically evolved SOP. The chaotically evolving SOP corresponds to the intermittent behavior of the pulse energy (alteration between the chaotic and laminar phase regimes) similar to the experimentally observed.


A four-port anti-jam GPS antenna array is used to electronically steer pattern nulls in the direction of incoming RF interference. Null-steering weights are applied using physical hardware and reception pattern measurements are made in an anechoic chamber for multiple jammer angles-of-arrival. Jammer suppression and null misalignment for two null steering reference element cases are compared.


Bearing in mind that the Municipal Institute of Recreation and Sports of Chia (IMRD) is a public establishment of municipal order, created by the agreement N. April 04, 1996 issued by the Municipal Council, endowed with legal status, own assets and autonomy administrative and financial; the IMRD that receives a specific annual budget from the Municipality and that the amount of this resource is not enough to achieve all the goals proposed in the sports development that is wanted for the IMRD and its operation, and because the missionary object of the Institute is
The promotion and management of plans, programs and projects of sports, recreation, extracurricular education and the use of free time in accordance with the rules on the subject and through the promotion, massification, development and practice of sport should promote the integration of the organizations, processes, activities and resources of the sports system in the municipality. ("Mission - Vision", 2016).


This paper considers the e effcts of a two-period interaction on the decision of a principal to delegate authority to a potentially biased but better informed agent. Compared to the (repeated) one-period case, the agent's first period actions may also signal his type which in turn impacts wages in Period 2. As a result, biased agents have an incentive not to follow their own preferences in Period 1, thereby inducing the principal to delegate more often. Moreover, we find that, depending on the players' relative utilities and the wage schedule, long term relationships will increase aggregate welfare. Finally, to empirically support our findings, we analyse data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) which show that temporary workers indeed experience less autonomy in their decisions.


PURPOSE: A partial discharge defect type determination method and an apparatus thereof are provided to improve the accuracy of defect type determination. CONSTITUTION: A partial discharge defect type determination apparatus includes a virtual space implementation unit(160), a partial discharge signal analysis unit(170), a calculation unit(180) and a defect type determination unit(180). The virtual space implementation unit forms a virtual space corresponding to the n number of parameters generated based on defect types generating partial discharge. The partial discharge signal analysis unit extracts parameter values corresponding to the n number of parameters based on a partial discharge signal generated when a partial discharge signal event occurs. The calculation unit combines the parameter values of the n number of parameters about the location information of defect type models arranged in the virtual space and the partial discharge signal by combining the parameter values of the n number of parameters about the defect types. The calculation unit compares the location information of a partial discharge model arranged in the virtual space, calculates a distance value between the defect type models and the partial discharge model and calculates the probability value of the defect types about the partial discharge signal event from the distance value. The defect type determination unit determines the defect type about the partial discharge signal event based on the probability value of the defect types about the partial discharge signal event. [Reference numerals] (110) Sensor; (120) Interface unit; (130) Control unit; (140) Storage unit; (150) Virtual space implementation unit; (160) Defect type analysis unit; (170) Partial discharge signal analysis unit; (180) Calculation unit; (190) Defect type determination unit


Background Outbreaks of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection has been documented in over 40 countries, resulting in clinical symptoms characterized by fever and joint pain. Diagnosing CHIKV in a clinical lab setting is often omitted because of the high lab safety requirement. An infection system that mimics CHIKV infection will permit clinical evaluation of the production of neutralizing antibody for both disease diagnostics and treatment. Methodology/Principal Findings We generated a CHIKV construct expressing CHIKV structural proteins. This construct permits the production of CHIKV pseudo-viral particles with a luciferase reporter. The pseudo-virus was able to infect a wide range of cell lines. The pseudovirus could be neutralized by the addition of neutralizing antibodies from patients. Conclusions Taken together, we have developed a powerful system that can be handled at biosafety level 2 laboratories for evaluation of existence of CHIKV neutralizing antibodies.


In times where industrial productive activity was the core of the capitalist system, labor law was created for an organization of labor scheme in which the "big factory" controlled work through personal and direct supervision over the worker, in localized spaces and specific working days.
In contrast, some schemes of the contemporary organization of labor remove human work from the protection of labor law and, specifically, in the business scheme of some technological platforms of economy on-demand, apparently there is no labor subordination on the personal service providers that such platforms offer.
However, based on what is considered by some courts and doctrinants, in the organization of labor of some technological platforms of economy on-demand, in actual fact work relations with new manifestations of labor subordination occur.
This business scheme does not resort to classic methods to control and organize work, since such digital platforms use technological methods for those purposes, and even act more precisely and eliminate significant transaction costs of traditional companies.
In this context, recent judicial decisions have provided valuable criteria in order to determine the existence of labor subordination in the provision of personal services to on-demand economy platforms.


In the absence of small‐scale variations on sound speed in the ocean, a pulsed source delivers a series of smooth wave fronts onto a vertical array at long range from the source (multiray propagation). Small‐scale variations such as internal waves induce distortions on the wave fronts with transverse correlation function determined by the phase‐structure function, which is itself calculable by integrating appropriate functions along the trajectory of an undistorted ray. Expressions for the phase‐structure function at small separations have been previously given in the form of arrival‐angle spreads due to internal waves, but these expressions are only for vertical receiver separations up to about 100 m. Evaluations of the phase‐structure function for separations up to several kilometers are presented, and particular realizations of wave front distortions that result from these internal‐wave effects are shown. [Work supported by ONR, Code 1125OA.]


Phase unwrapping is the process of determining the absolute phase given its principal value.An algorithm was developed to eliminating noise in the wrapping phase image such as abrupt phase changes,holes,and points with low modulation.The wrapping phase image is first processed with geodesic erosion with the wrapping phase image chosen as the mask image and the maximum of the image chosen as the marker image.Then the marker image is eroded according to the mask to acquire an image with the same process to get its complement.The resulting image is then unfolded through the traditional unwrapping procedure.Experiments show that the method effectively removes noise in the wrapping phase image and successfully produces the unwrapping phase image.


Temporomandibular dysfunctions (TMD) affect from 5 to 12% of the adult population. Several therapies have been proposed for TMD management, the most indicated being the reversible and non invasive types, among them, acupuncture could be the first choice due to its high success rate. Acupuncture is an ancient millenarian therapy and balances the energy flow within the meridians that circulate throughout the human body, and as pain is caused especially by the blockage of this energy flow, the use of acupuncture is appropriate in these cases. This article describes the clinical case of a 38-year old patient, SCDR, whose chief complaint was generalized pain in the region of the head, temporomandibular joint and nucha (nape of the neck), including buzzing in the ears and daily migraine headache. After anamnesis, in addition to the diagnosis established according to Western precepts, a diagnosis was prepared according to the criteria of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and treatment was instituted in accordance with the patient's energy imbalance. Acupuncture treatment was used in eight weekly sessions, and the patient reported having observed regression of pain and remission of symptoms immediately after the conclusion of the first intervention.


Community and voluntary groups which are struggling to get off the ground, or those looking to expand what they do, are being encouraged to attend the second Funding Fair at Towcester Racecourse on Tuesday, 6 June.


Objective To study function of survivin gene and gene therapy stratagem of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).To construct siRNA expression vector against survivin gene,evaluation survivin gene expression inhibitory action after into liver cancer cell line cell BEL-7404.Methods The siRNA part design based on surviving gene,pGenesil-1/ survivin expression vector were transfected into BEL-7404 cells by using LipofectamineTM 2000.The expression rate of survivin was measured by real-time relative quantitative PCR,The protein level of survivin in the culture supernatant was measured with a enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The recombinant plasmid pGenesil-1/ survivin was constructed successfully.The result real-time of PCR revealed that the threshold cycle value was reduced form 34.2 to 22.8 after BEL-7404 cell were inhibitory by siRNA,ELISA showed that pGenesil-1/ survivin vector mediated survivin siRNA could inhibit the expression of survivin proteinic in BEL-7404 cells.Conclusion siRNA targeting survivin mRNA can specially suppress the expression of targeting gene in BEL-7404 cells,which provides a new method and material to the biological therapy of cancer.


Women aged 25-29 may have a higher risk for hysterectomy after tubal sterilization. 1 possible explanation is that women of this age group are more likely to be of higher parity and have conditions requiring hysterectomy. A study that controlled for gynecologic problems prior to sterilization compared women who had a problem pregnancy in the 2 years prior to sterilization with those who did not. Those in the 25-29-year age group who had had a tubal ligation were more likely to have had a problem pregnancy than were the comparison group. But these women were not more likely to have had a hysterectomy. Another possible explanation for the greater risk of hysterectomy after tubal sterilization is physicians efforts to preserve reproductive function in young women. Physicians would not need to preserve reproductive function in a woman who had already been sterilized but the increased risk was observed only for women 25-29 years old not for women 30-34 years old. However it might be useful to repeat the analysis on a more recent cohort. In 1974 (the retrospective study) preserving reproductive function for women over 30 years of age may not have been as important a consideration for physicians as it is today.


The emergence of adjudication both in South Africa and in numerous other countries in the world has posed questions as to whether arbitration, as presently practised, remains an effective and efficient mechanism for the resolution of construction disputes. This paper looks at the practice of arbitration in South Africa against the backdrop of outdated legislation and examines whether there are lessons to be learnt from adjudication. It concludes that there are procedures which have been developed in adjudication which ought to be considered in the arbitration of construction disputes.


Anthocyanin content in 60 varieties of blueberry were measured, and the antioxidant activity on behalf of DPPH radical scavenging capacity and its total antioxidative capacity also be measured. The result showed that: the average content of anthocyanin was 5.378 mg/g in fresh blueberry. The variety of L have high anthocyanin content, and the average content was 7.23 mg/g.And the range was 5.98 mg/g-8.69 mg/g. Anthocyanin content of M was low,its average content was 2.514 mg/g, the lowest content was 1.25 mg/g. The anthocyanin content of H was 3.18 mg/g-8.02 mg/g. While its DPPH radical scavenging ability and total antioxidant capacity assessment showed that blueberry anthocyanin content was higher, its antioxidant ability was stronger.


Solution-processing of multi-layered Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) remains challenging. Herein, we introduce a facile blending process of emitting polymers with photoreactive polymer strands, allowing for the generation of solvent resistant emissive layers.


Exterior modeling design of high-speed press for printing corrugated box is of great significance in enhancing the additional value of product and the market competitiveness. The improvement of exterior modeling design of high-speed press for printing corrugated box is carried out with the analysis of the situation and the design principle of the printing machine in discussion,combined with a domestic counterpart. The modeled press is characterized by the uniting in modeling on the whole,stability in balancing,beauty in appearance,equity in dimension,appearance quality and promotion in product identification.


Traditional asphalt pavement design is based on a mechanistic–empirical approach which identifies the strain at critical locations in the pavement structure to safeguard the road against fatigue and structural deformation. However, research has shown that when roads are well built above a certain threshold, structural damage is non-existent with rutting confined to the surfacing, an ideal and economic design solution. The existence of these 'long-life' pavements challenges the current design and maintenance methodologies and suggests a need for a radical approach to pavement design. Although findings from global research have verified that a threshold effect for pavements does exist, there is limited real life data to support this theory. This paper, sponsored by Highways England, aims to demonstrate the threshold effect as well as develop a radical approach to flexible pavement design and maintenance, using the threshold concept. Three instrumented road sections of varying thicknesses were designed, built, and trafficked under varying wheel loads and speed. The results demonstrated classical pavement deterioration through both rutting and fatigue cracking. However, one of the sections showed no deterioration and the associated strains illustrate the threshold effect. In addition, a methodology is presented which involves the development of a robust model that predicts tensile asphalt strains directly from falling weight deflectometer (FWD) measurements which could be used as a tool to identify long life pavements on the English Strategic Road Network (SRN).


Natural hazards and human activities in the coastal zone are threatening the coastal system. Conflicts of interest between economic benefits, coastal defence or ecologic assets should be identified and solved by a Coastal Zone Management approach. Today`s design of coastal defences does not take into account the inundation of the hinterland in case of failure of the defence system, while the risk analysis takes into account the damage in case of inundation. In comparison to the traditional design the risk analysis needs a wider data basis, especially regarding the economic value of the hinterland. In order to provide an interface to the coastal zone management the different steps of a risk analysis were integrated into a Geographic Information System of the Jade-Weser estuary using ARCVIEW. With this information system called RISC (Risk Information System Coast) a tool for the decision making process in coastal zone management supported by risk analysis is provided.


– Mental stress is a major issue nowadays, especially among youngsters. The age that was considered once most carefree is now under a large amount of stress. Stress increase nowadays leads to many problems like depression, suicide, heart attack, and stroke. In this paper, we are calculating the mental stress of students one week before the exam and during the usage of the internet. Our objective is to analyze stress in the college students at different points in his life. The effect that exam pressure or recruitments stress has on the student which often goes unnoticed. We will perform an analysis on how these factors affect the mind of a student and will also correlate this stress with the time spent on the internet. In this paper, hybrid algorithm is proposed which combines Tf-Idf with Multinomial Naive Bayes and Tf-Idf with SVM. This can be reduced to an extent if such intimidating messages or comments are segregated. The process of classifying a sentence whether it is positive, negative or neutral is known as sentiment analysis. It helps in determining emotional tone behind a sentence. To classify these intimidating messages this paper proposes a Tf-Idf with Multinomial Naive Bayes and Tf-Idf with SVM approach which classifies reviews into positive or negative.


Abstract Although the validity of collecting quantitative data using electronic platforms has been widely accepted, there has been concern that qualitative data collected on an electronic platform may not provide the same depth and richness in response quality as data collected using the pen-and-paper format. This article compares the quality of responses to open-ended questions collected using the pen-and-paper platform with responses collected using an electronic platform. Data for a program evaluation study were collected using either the pen-and-paper platform, an iPad, or an iPad Mini at a series of after-hours events for adults at the Center of Science and Industry, a Midwest science center. Metrics were designed to calculate a comprehensive response score consisting of the breadth of information and the richness of detail in open-ended item responses, allowing us to compare the overall response quality between the three platforms. Results indicate that qualitative data collected using electronic devices are as broad and detailed as data collected using traditional pen-and-paper techniques.


The quiet Sun (QS) and helmet streamer (STR) are generally considered to account for sources of slow solar wind with low Alfvénicity and low proton temperature. The solar wind with high Alfvénicity is often associated with coronal holes (CHs). Recently, the solar wind measured by the Advanced Composition Explorer spacecraft at 1 au was mapped back to its magnetic footpoints. Depending on the proximity of the solar wind footpoints to a given coronal or heliospheric structure, we classify solar winds into different types based on their sources: QS, STR, active region (AR), and CH. Here, we compare the properties of the solar winds originated from QS, STR, AR, and CH using 2 hr data. We find that at solar maximum 34% of the quiet-Sun-associated slow wind (VSW < 450 km s−1) has high Alfvénicity ( ). This significantly higher proportion of Alfvénic fluctuations indicates that the quiet-Sun-associated wind at 1 au has similar properties as fast wind, which originates from the CH. Accordingly, we speculate that this type of solar wind at 1 au could come from open fields within the quiet-Sun region. This observational study will help us understand more about the coronal source regions of the solar wind in interplanetary space.


One of the technology implementation in education is for learning evaluation. Computer Based Test (CBT) can be used as an assessment in learning evaluation. The research aim to analyse technology acceptance of Vocational High School (SMK) CBT using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory Of Planned Behavior (TPB) integration. This research uses corellational research with ex-post facto approach. The participants in this research are Vocational students who use CBT on daily test, Mid Test and Final test. The total of the participants are 137 students of SMK and the participants are chosen by stratified random sampling technique. The data is analysed using SEM (Structural Equation Model) with SmartPLS Version 3.0 software. The result of this research indicate that the model comply the value of Goodness of fit SMSR of 0,063 and show that (1) Computer Self Efficacy effect on PEOU; (2) Complexity effects on PEOU; (3) PEOU effects on PU; (4) PU effects on ATU; (5) PEOU effects on ATU; (6) PU does not effects on BIUS; (7) ATU effects on BIUS; (8) SN effects on BIUS; (9) PBC effects on BIUS. The technology acceptance model that is obtained can give the description that regardless of the benefits of CBT, if there is no regulation to use CBT, the system of CBT will not effect the intention to use the system.


Common criteria used for measuring performance of vibrating systems have one thing in common: they do not depend on initial conditions of the system. In some cases it is assumed that the system has zero initial conditions, or some kind of averaging is used to get rid of initial conditions. The aim of this paper is to initiate rigorous study of the dependence of vibrating systems on initial conditions in the setting of optimal damping problems. We show that, based on the type of initial conditions, especially on the ratio of potential and kinetic energy of the initial conditions, the vibrating system will have quite different behavior and correspondingly the optimal damping coefficients will be quite different. More precisely, for single degree of freedom systems and the initial conditions with mostly potential energy, the optimal damping coefficient will be in the under-damped regime, while in the case of the predominant kinetic energy the optimal damping coefficient will be in the over-damped regime. In fact, in the case of pure kinetic initial energy, the optimal damping coefficient is $+\infty$! Qualitatively, we found the same behavior in multi degree of freedom systems with mass proportional damping. We also introduce a new method for determining the optimal damping of vibrating systems, which takes into account the peculiarities of initial conditions and the fact that, although in theory these systems asymptotically approach equilibrium and never reach it exactly, in nature and in experiments they effectively reach equilibrium in some finite time.


A simulation model must be used to evaluate the impact of new operations policies, not only to validate the policies, but also as a tool to convince the decision-makers of the potential advantages in adopting the proposed enhancements in the management. Terminal resource allocation policies and ship loading/unloading policies are obtained by means of Operations Research techniques for the case study of La Spezia Container Terminal (LSCT); a simulation model of the terminal is designed, implemented and validated. The simulation model is used to test the policies and to assess their robustness in front of the inherent stochasticity of the real world.


This research guide will help you to do research in culinary arts, for classroom assignments, research papers, or to explore a career in culinary arts. Web searching can be a good place to start learning about a topic, but often it can take a lot of work to identify if a website is a good source or not.


This paper introduced a series of mixed management models on Robinia pseudoacacia which have obtained the success and the importance,mixed principle,under the condition of different climate,different terrain and geomorphy,different site,summarized the ecological effect and main technical measures of mixed management models on Robinia pseudoacacia.In order to provide convenience for creating the newer,better mixed management model on Robinia pseudoacacia on the exsiting basis,it also played a positive role in popularizing and applying mixed management models on Robinia pseudoacacia.


In the absence of consensus about which organizations matter or are the "right" manifestations of American regional intergovernmentalism scholarship has had to develop an imprecisely defined and tacitly circulated perception of regions and the cross-boundary organizations that embody them. Even where effort has been made to establish a broad and consistent definition for regional cross-boundary organizations these standards have been applied loosely and with notable exceptions. We argue that the lack of conceptual precision and consensus, to date, makes large-scale comparative research difficult and prone to potential blind spots. We offer a framework within which we can unify these different pieces. Rather than focusing on organization type, or geographical scales, we propose a system of identifying and studying regional organizations by five core attributes. We submit these regional intergovernmental organizations (RIGOs) as a conceptual lingua franca that transcends organizational nomenclature and statistical constructs and enables broad, methodologically rigorous, comparative research.


The influence of different light spectrum from blue to red on the development of the algal flora growing from the bottom sediments of various water bodies. It is established that when the led lamps recently included into mass use develops the greatest amount of algae. Observed environmental distribution of different taxonomic groups of algae to various light spectra. Set of different light spectrum allows to identify the entire pool of unrealized accumulated algal flora in the sediments.


Aesthetic consciousness is a kind of psychology function for people to gasp the world according to aesthetic rule, experience, and requirement. By analyzing the characteristics of aerobics, combined with the quality, interest, and level, the paper comprehensively elaborates its infiltration effect for aesthetic, distillation effect with arts, and the theory about aerobics' exploitation of intelligence, and it also put forward the potency and value of aerobics teaching upon cultivating the aesthetic consciousness of students.


Objective
To investigate the clinical effect and complications of liver transplantation from Chinese donation after citizen′s death (CDCD).

Methods
The retrospective descriptive study was adopted. The clinical data of 289 recipients who received liver transplantation at the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University (189 recipients) and the 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (100 recipients) from June 2010 to June 2015 were collected. Forty-two recipients from donation after brain death (DBD) donors, 77 from donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors and 170 from donation after brain death plus cardiac death (DBCD) donors were respectively allocated into the DBD group, DCD group and DBCD group. The modified piggyback liver transplantation was conducted. Observation indicators included (1) postoperative liver function of recipients, (2)postoperative complications, (3) 1- and 3-year survival rates. The follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect the survival rate of patients once every week within postoperative month 3, once every 3 weeks for month 4-6, once every month for month 7-12 and once every 3 months after 1 year, with follow-up time more than 36 months up to May 2015. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as ±s. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M and analyzed by the nonparametric test. Count data were analyzed using chi-square test.

Results
(1) The level of alanine transaminase (ALT) of recipients from pre-operation to postoperative day 14 was from 204 U/L to 154 U/L in the DBD group, from 190 U/L to 216 U/L in the DCD group and from 204 U/L to 153 U/L in the DBCD group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference in the changing trend of ALT among the 3 groups (χ2=7.280, P 0.05). (2) The comparison of complica-tions: the primary graft dysfunction, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and acute rejection were respectively detected in 1, 8, 4 recipients in the DBD group, 3, 31, 19 in the DCD group and 6, 29, 45 recipients in the DBCD group, showing statistically significant differences among the 3 groups (χ2=6.321, 24.651, 6.445, P<0.05). (3) The comparison of survival rate: 289 recipients were followed up for a median time of 6 months. The 1- and 3-year rates of recipients were 82% and 77% in the DBD group, 76% and 64% in the DCD group , 84% and 74% in the DBCD group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among the 3 groups (χ2=7.238, P<0.05).

Conclusion
There is lower incidence of postoperative complications in the recipients undergoing liver transplantation from DBD and DBCD donors, with a good survival rate.

Key words:
Liver diseases; Chinese donation after citizen′s death; Liver transplantation; Clinical efficacy; Complications; Retrospective analysis


It provides compounds that activate subtype 1 of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor. Certain compounds is different from the subtype 3 of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor, selectively activates the subtype 1 receptor. Activation of S1 P1, agonism, inhibition or antagonism for the treatment of abnormal conditions become medically indicated, provides for the use and methods of the compounds of the present invention.


This article is based on a paper presented by the Authors at the 1982 International Conference on Computer Applications in the Automation of Shipyard Operation and Ship Design, Annapolis. A survey is made of the types of equipment required if present shipbuilding arc welding operations were to be replaced by automatic systems. The aim is to build on experience with existing robotic machines, using commercially available equipment wherever possible. Development of this equipment to meet shipyard requirements is discussed.


This volume in the Critical Idiom series, The Author by Andrew Bennett, is an introduction to the concept of authorship and the role that critical and theoretical conceptions of the author have played in literary studies. In this book, Bennett offers a concise and accessible introduction to the changing definition of what it means to be an 'author' and the historical evolution of related concepts such as authority, originality and literary genius. Through his discussion of authorship in literary studies, Bennett makes a strong and stimulating case that this critical notion has played a central role in contemporary literary theory, defining what and how we understand literature. In the first chapter, which sets the theoretical tone for the book, Bennett discusses Roland Barthes' (1995) 'The Death of the Author' and Michel Foucault's (1979) 'What is an Author?'. Quite ironically, Bennett argues, Barthes' call for the author's death actually brought discussions of authorship to the forefront in literary studies of the late 20th century. The relatively uncontroversial part of Barthes' declaration, that writing – unlike speech – involves the absence of a speaker, has had wide-ranging ramifications for questions of literary interpretation and appreciation in the late 20th century. '[H]e [Barthes] interrogates the nature of literary speech acts and of literary-critical judgements; he attempts to reconfigure our understanding of how texts work . . .' (p. 11). In attempting to usurp the author's authority over literary meaning, Barthes is attacking a particular strategy of reading, argues Bennett, in which meaning is treated as univocal (p. 14). It is not merely that the speaker is absent in writing, but the very act of writing destructs the speaking voice as a stable point of origin and as a source of authority (p. 12). Bennett not only provides an introduction to questions of authorship in contemporary literary theory with his analysis of Barthes' essay, but also sets up one of his underlying arguments throughout the book, namely, that questions of authorship have been central to our understanding of literary works. Through his discussion of Foucault's 'What is an author?' in the second part of this chapter, Bennett deems Barthes' attempt to move beyond author-centered interpretations as ultimately a failed one. Whereas Barthes is concerned primarily with the 'negative' space left by the author's absence in writing, Foucault's essay focuses on the social and historical construction of what he dubs the 'author function', the signifying potential of the author's name. Despite his obvious frustration with Foucault's writing style – which he describes as 'somewhat fragmentary and in times infuriatingly opaque' (p. 20) – Bennett supports Foucault's basic critique of Barthes' authorial euology, namely, that 'the formalizing appeal to the work itself, to the work in itself, depends on the individual author's unifying presence' and thus, 'the Barthesian notion of writing, of écriture, itself also 'subtly preserve[s]' the author' (p. 21). Piggybacking on Foucault's essay, Bennett devotes the next three chapters of the book to the historical evolution of the figure of the author. Beginning with classical and medieval notions of authority, ownership and originality (Chapter 2) and then looking at Romantic ideals of authorial genius (Chapter 3), Bennett provides a concise – if somewhat anglocentric – overview of the development of the concept of the author from the medieval auctor, whose authority comes from God, to the modern notion of an author as an individual personality responsible for the meaning of the work. In his chapter on the Romantic author, Bennett argues that the ideal of the Romantic, expressive author of the late 18th and early 19th centuries – the period that both Barthes and Foucault identify BOOK R VIEWS


Network externalities spur the growth of networks and the adoption of network goods in two ways. First, they make it attractive to join a network with a large installed base. Second, they make it attractive for network members to actively recruit new members. Despite indications that this "peer eect" can be more important for network growth than the installed-base eect, it has so far been largely ignored in the literature. We aim at closing this gap, using both survey data and a game-theoretical model. Comparing respondents' adoption of two distinct networks goods, we find that the peer eect matters strongly for small, but not for large networks. Results from model analysis support this finding. Under conservative assumptions, the increase in network size due to the peer eect is by an additive constant ‐ which, for small networks, can amount to a large relative increase. The dierence between small, local, and personal networks and large, global, anonymous networks thus arises endogenously from our model. In the duopoly case, we find that introducing the peer eect favors winner-take-all outcomes. We use the examples of the Internet services, Skype and eBay, for our empirical analysis and as illustration of our theoretical findings. Since many network goods give rise to small, local networks, our findings are highly relevant for the management of network goods and the social networks they can give rise to.


Recently, high frame rate (HFR) imaging approaches have been proposed together with dedicated speckle tracking (STE) algorithms capable of handling small interframe displacements. However, the compromised quality of HFR images affects the feasibility of STE. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) filtering could reduce HFR imaging artifacts and, possibly, improve STE feasibility. Specifically, 2-step SVD filter approach was proposed and tested on in vivo recordings, which were characterized by different heart rates, artefacts and noise levels. For both steps, the filter parameters were optimized to reject artifacts/noise. Then, filtered and original B-mode clips were shown side-by-side to an expert cardiologist, to select the preferred image based on visual reading. Although the clutter was suppressed as expected, the expert cardiologist preferred filtered images in 25% of the cases only. Moreover, the extracted systolic peak values of the Global Longitudinal Strain were not significantly different (p = 0.07), even if there was a tendency for slightly lower values after filtering. In general, these preliminary findings suggest that SVD filtering might not significantly affect HFR STE in a clinical setting.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the different extracts of Musa sapientum L. subsp. sylvestris fruits. The methan olic extract s of Musa sapientum L. subsp. sylvestris peel (MSPE), pulp (MSPU) and seed (MSSE) were investigated for anti microbial activity by disc diffusion method and for cytotoxic activity by Brine shrimp lethality bioassa y. Good anti microbial activity wa s shown by MSPU while moderate activity by MSPE against 5 gram - positive ( Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus aureus ) and 8 gram - negative ( Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella typhi, Shigella boydii, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio parahemolyticus ) bacteria and 3 fungi ( Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Sacharomyces cerevaceae ) . Anti microbial activity of MSSE against the organisms was insignificant . The order of Brine Shrimp lethality was found as Vincristine sulphate > MSPU > MSSE > MSPE. These findings suggest the potentiality of finding novel compounds with antimicrobial property in the investigated fruit.


Air quality has been demonstrated to be an important determinant influencing tourist decision making. In this paper, we investigate the effect of air quality in the place of origin on a resident's tourism consumption and the moderating effect of household income on this relationship. We develop a conceptual framework to rationalize the effect and empirically examine it at the household level using China Labor-force Dynamics Survey data from 2016. The results show that poor ambient air quality increases tourism consumption. Furthermore, this relationship becomes stronger for the higher-income group: One standard deviation increase in the Air Quality Index would increase tourism expenditure as much as a 22.56% increase in family income. The methods of instrumental variable and functional-coefficient regression were employed for robustness analysis. These findings contribute to the literature by providing a new perspective for tourism demand studies and direct implications for tourism management and policy making.


T HE term "accreditation," though widely used, is so recent in origin that it is not found in standard dictionaries. In its broadest sense it is used to identify the procedures employed by educational associations, professional groups, or special agencies to determine the eligibility of a secondary school, college, university, or professional school for membership, or eligibility for other forms of recognition, on the basis of previously established standards or criteria. An institution thus recognized is commonly referred to as "accredited" or "approved." During the first decade of the present century the number of accrediting agencies was small and the procedures of accrediting were comparatively simple. Today the number of accrediting agencies is so large and the procedures have become so complex that the whole accrediting movement threatens to break down under its own weight. There are those among the leaders in education, particularly in higher education, who would hasten the day when all accreditation of educational institutions will be erased from the scene. On the other hand, there are those who believe that the complete abolition of all accreditation would be a distinct loss to American education. In the area of higher education especially, the issues are so sharply drawn that an impartial examination of the purposes of accreditation, of the procedures employed, of the values and disadvantages, and of possible remedies for the evils associated with accreditation is called for. PURPOSES OF ACCREDITATION


The arrival of American travelers to Spain during the 19th century led to the rise of travel literature in this country. Through these publications, the image of the two best known Andalusian monuments, the Alhambra and the Real Alcazar, was created / re-created.


A man examining equipment mounted on the undercarriage of an aircraft. In 1925 Fritz Loewe headed the aeroplane branch of the Prussian Meteorological Institute, joining the weather service at Tempelhof Airport, Berlin, in 1928. Previous control number: BWP/26905


This paper describes sensitivity indicator method to identify weakest bus of the system. It also describes method of calculating the amount of reactive power to be injected at the load bus to avert the voltage instability as the load on the load bus increases. In this paper IEEE-57 BUS system has been considered. First, the weakest bus is identified using sensitivity indicator method. Then Load flow analysis is performed using the Newton-Raphson (N-R) method. When load flow doesn't converge after the demand has increased on a bus then it indicates that it requires reactive power compensation on that bus. The Additional capacitor that needs to be switched on is computed by an iterative procedure. Thereafter, in the actual usage, based upon the computed Table, given any load one may determine the level of compensation required to avert voltage collapse. By using Jacobian element additional compensation required to improve the bus voltage can be determined.


A short general account of canes and their distribution is given along with their classifications according to thickness and uses. The main species that are imported from abroad, and also those that are found in India, are mentioned. A short account of the Malayan method of processing is given. Cane species, both exotic and Indian, suitable for cultivation in India are suggested, along with the proposed method of their cultivation under Indian conditions.


ABSTRACT:What effect does education, age, and consumption of environmental information from newspapers and television have on people's environmental knowledge, concerns, and behavior? Partial answers to this question are based on a 1984 telephone survey of 336 residents of Ithaca, New York. Respondents' education and newspaper use led to greater effects. Television use, both for specific environmental information and in general, appeared to have some negative consequences. Age did not relate to the dependent variable.


Improving the education quality of law graduate students is a systematical project among which the curriculum setting is the most important link.We must establish the curriculum reasonably and construct scientific curriculum system for graduate students.The master's degree thesis reflects the level of graduate students,and is the major index of graduate students' knowledge,scientific research ability and the education quality.We must strengthen the guidance and management of degree thesis to improve the quality diligently.


Carved interior house posts. A man and woman are being supported by grizzly bears with a double sea lion lintel on top. These house posts stood in the entry way to Chief Herbert (Copper) Johnson's house.


The article discusses the formation and development of the shores in permafrost conditions in the area of construction of the Kolyma hydroelectric power plants


A prospective study of clinical and pathogenic features of the course of traumatic disease has been carried out in 184 geriatric patients with multiple injuries. On the basis of obtained data there were identified clinical and pathogenetic aspects of disorders of systemic hemodynamics and hemostasis in the structure of the pathogenesis of traumatic disease in geriatric patients with multiple injuries, which are rated as compensated, subcompensated and decompensated. This improved the quality of life, reduce the incidence of disability and mortality in these patients.


This study shows that time dilation supposed by Einstein can be derived from absolute time supposed by Newton if Newtonian space is sloped with motion where space of moving frames is sloped with respect to space of the stationary frame of reference. Slope of Newtonian space creates a new kind of energy that causes moving frames to experience slight resistance while moving to forward in Newtonian space; hence, moving frames reverse slightly backward in space. With respect to observers at rest, the sum of the distance that the light travels vertically during motion of the moving frame to forward and the distance that the light travels vertically during motion of the same frame to backward is equal to the distance ( ) that the light travels vertically in frame from the perspective of the observers in the same frame . The motion of light through the reversed space dilates Newtonian time of the moving frames with respect to the stationary frame of reference, like a car that moves slowly because it is climbing a hill, the time of the moving bodies moves slowly because of the slope of Newtonian space. This work does not aim to prove slope or straightness of space; rather it aims to show that time dilation can be exists in nature as a result of a reaction between Newtonian time and slope of Newtonian space, therefore testing of slope's property must be included in the interests of applied physicists in the next days.


Abstract : An experimental test program was conducted in the AEDC-VKF Hypervelocity Wind Tunnel (F) at a nominal Mach number of 16 to obtain basic heating and pressure distribution data on the NASA Space Shuttle external tank. The tests were conducted over an attitude range which simulated tank tumbling after separation from the Shuttle orbiter. The angles of attack varied from 0 to -180 deg with combinations of roll from 0 to 90 deg at free-stream Reynolds numbers (based on model length) from 0.38 x 1,000,000 to 1.10 x 1,000,000. In addition to surface heat-transfer gages, thermographic phosphor paint was used to determine the interference heating factors on and around the various attachment structures and service ducts.


When modelling real world problems different domain aspects are often best supported by language concepts from different programming paradigms. This yields the desire to combine them in multi-paradigm programming languages. αCCFL is a multi-paradigm language inheriting from the functional programming language Haskell which is extended by contraints for dealing with incomplete information and agents to realize coarse grain computation processes and behaviours. We present the language αCCFL and discuss its concept of agents.


Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management Sciences: Marketing, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2018.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the reasons for proficiency testing (PT) failures from 41 chemistry and blood gas analytes using data collected to benchmark performance.

DESIGN
Self-administered survey requesting number of challenges by analyte encompassing nine PT events. When the challenge resulted in a self-defined failure, further information was requested concerning the magnitude of the failure (as a standard deviation index) and categorization of the type of failure into six major groups (Methodologic, Technical, Clerical, Survey, Unexplained, or Other) and then into subgroups.

PARTICIPANTS
Laboratories enrolled in the 1992 College of American Pathologists Q-Probes program.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Rate of PT failures and reasons for failure.

RESULTS
Proficiency testing data from 670,489 challenges performed in 665 laboratories revealed 9268 (1.4%) unacceptable results. Failure types were distributed as follows: Methodologic, 33.5%; Technical, 17.4%; Clerical, 11.1%; Survey, 7.8%; Unexplained, 25.7%; and Other, 7.4%.

CONCLUSIONS
Individual analyte PT failure is a common event in the participating laboratories, but failures in successive or alternate events are rare. Analysis of the reasons for failed events indicates that most identified reasons occurred in either the Methodologic or Technical categories (50.9%). Analysis of the failure types suggested investigation pathways based on the magnitude of the failure that could reduce the 25.7% rate of unexplained failures.


THIS PAPER is about the homeless skid row man. It will discuss briefly some of the characteristics of skid row men and their contacts with law enforcement agencies.' There is reason to believe that a substantial proportion of those born in indigent families tend to remain indigent throughout their lives. In civic practice, there is a tendency to treat the indigent in a similar manner. The behavior of indigent persons tends to be similar. There is


1. Introduction William Luhr 2. 'A lot can happen in the middle of nowhere': Fargo and the films of Joel and Ethan Coen David Sterritt 3. Motherhood, homicide, and Swedish meatballs: the quiet triumph of the maternal in Fargo Pamela Grace 4. Fargo, or whiteout of the American frontier Christopher Sharrett 5. 'Kinda' funny lookin': Steve Buscemi's disorderly body Mikita Brottman 6. Fargo: 'Far removed from the stereotypes of ...' William Luhr 7. Interview with the Coen brothers Michael Ciment and Hubert Niogret 8. Cold-blooded scheming (on Roger Deakins, Fargo's cinematographer) Chris Probst 9. Cinesonic Interview with Carter Burwell (Fargo's composer) 10. Cineaste review of Fargo Thomas Doherty 11. Prairie home death trap Harvey R. Greenberg 12. Filmography of Joel and Ethan Coen.


THE DEPTH TO WHICH CLIMATE AND ORGANISMS EXERT THEIR COMBINED EFFECTS ON THE EARTHY MATERIALS IS THE SOIL PROFILE. IT MAY BE JUST A FEW INCHES DEEP, OR IT MAY BE MANY FEET DEEP. IT CONSISTS OF TWO OR MORE LAYERS, TECHNICALLY CALLED HORIZONS, THAT USUALLY DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER IN SEVERAL CHARACTERISTICS. BELOW IT, IN MOST PLACES, LIES PARENT MATERIAL, THE GEOLOGICALLY WEATHERED EARTHY MATERIAL, YET UNALTERED BY THE COMBINED DYNAMIC FORCES OF CLIMATE AND ORGANISMS. SELECTED SOIL PROFILES FROM DIFFERENT CLIMATES ARE DISCUSSED. TUNDRA SOILS DEVELOPED UNDER FRIGID CLIMATES WITH LOW PRECIPITATION. THEIR PROFILES ARE RELATIVELY SHALLOW, TEND TO BE HIGH IN SILT, LOW IN CLAY, UNIFORM IN TEXTURE WITH PERMAFROST IN THE LOWER PART USUALLY A TOUGH, FIBROUS ORGANIC MAT ON THE SURFACE. PODZOLIC SOILS WERE DEVELOPED UNDER HUMID TEMPERATURE CLIMATES WHERE CHEMICAL AS WELL AS PHYSICAL EFFECTS ARE STRONGLY EXPRESSED. THE SOILS ARE LEACHED AND ACID IN REACTION AND THE CONTRAST IN TEXTURE BETWEEN SURFACE SOIL AND SUBSOIL LAYER IS THE STRONGEST OF ALL GROUPS. ORGANIC MATTER IS PRESENT AS A MAT UP TO SEVERAL INCHES THICK ON TOP OF THE MINERAL SOIL, BUT ITS CONTENT IS LOW WITHIN THE MINERAL SOIL. CHERNOZEMIC SOILS WERE DEVELOPED MAINLY IN SUBHUMID AND SEMIARID, TEMPERATE CLIMATES. THEY SHOW ONLY SLIGHT LEACHING AND LESS TEXTURAL VARIATIONS IN THE PROFILE THAN PODZOLIC SOILS, ALTHOUGH A SIGNIFICANT ACCUMULATION OF CLAY IN THE SUBSOIL IS PRESENT IN MANY. ORGANIC MATTER IS WELL INTEGRATED WITHIN THE MINERAL SOIL THROUGHOUT THE UPPER FOOT OR TWO. DESERTIC SOILS WERE DEVELOPED UNDER ARID CLIMATES, AND THE CLIMATIC EFFECT WAS DOMINANTLY PHYSICAL BREAKDOWN OF PARENT MATERIALS. THEY ARE UNLEACHED AND THEY CONTAIN FREE SALTS. THEY HAVE ONLY SLIGHT TEXTURAL VARIATIONS WITHIN THE PROFILE, BUT CALICHE IN THE SUBSOIL IS A COMMON FEATURE. LATOSOLS WERE DEVELOPED UNDER HUMID AND WET-DRY TROPICAL CLIMATES. THEY SHOW VERY STRONG CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE. THEY ARE DEEP, HIGHLY LEACHED, PREVAILING RED IN COLOR, HIGH IN CLAY, LOW IN SILT, FRIABLE AND PERMEABLE. THEY SHOW LITTLE OR NO CLAY ACCUMULATION IN THE SUBSOIL, BUT SHOW A GRADUAL INCREASE IN CLAY CONTENT FROM THE SURFACE DOWNWARD.


This document generalizes and expands the Alternate-Marking methodology to measure any kind of unicast flow whose packets can follow several different paths in the network; this can result in a multipoint-to-multipoint network. The network clustering approach is presented and, for this reason, the technique described here is called "Clustered Alternate Marking". This document obsoletes RFC 8889.


Disclosed is a tin can, comprising a tin can top cover (1). The top cover (1) is provided with an opening (2); an annular closed boss (3) is provided along an outer edge of the opening (2); a closure covering plate (4) is provided on the annular closed boss (3); a plastic film (5) is provided on an upper end face of the annular closed boss (3) corresponding to the closure covering plate (4); and the closure covering plate (4) is connected via the plastic film (5) in a sealed manner to an upper port of the annular closed boss (3). By providing a tin can closure structure that is easy to close, of low cost, safe and hygienic, and easy to open, and a process for processing same, technical problems of pull-outward tabs being easy to break and hard to open, and of fold-inward tabs having poor safety and hygiene properties, are solved.


This report describes an accurate, versatile FORTRAN computer program for tracing rays through an anisotropic medium whose index of refraction varies continuously in three dimensions. Although developed to calculate the propagation of radio waves in the ionosphere, the program can be easily modified to do other types of ray tracing because of its organization into subroutines.
The program can represent the refractive index by either the Appleton-Hartree or the Sen-Wyller formula, and has several ionospheric models for electron density, perturbations to the electron density (irregularities), the earth's magnetic field, and electron collision frequency.
For each path, the program can calculate group path length, phase path length, absorption, Doppler shift due to a time-varying ionosphere, and geometrical path length. In addition to printing the3e parameters and the direction of the wave normal at various points along the ray path, the program can plot the projection of the ray path on any vertical plane or on the ground and punch the main characteristics of each ray path on cards.


The total number of Chinese rare and endangered plants distributed in Wulingshan Region are 47 species,which belong to 26 families and 42 genera,including 2 species of the first class conserved plants of China,17 species of the second class,and 28 species of the third class. The present paper analyzed species component,endangered grade,floristic feature,and geographic distribution of these plants. The results show that 3 species are endangered,20 species are vulnerable,13 species are conservation-dependent,and 11 species are least concern. These rare and endangered plants in this region are not only characterized by ancient,primeval and survival species,but also many subtropical species and endemic species in China. Their horizontal distribution can be divided into two centers of south and north;vertical distribution is dominated by mountain zone with 500~2 000 m. A small part of these rare and endangered plants in Wulingshan Region have direct economic value;most of them show important indirect economic value. Based on the analysis,the corresponding conserved policies of these rare and endangered plants in Wulingshan Region were put forward.


A technique for constructing an infinite tower of pairs of symmetric Hamiltonians, and (n = 2, 3, 4, …), that have exactly the same eigenvalues is described and illustrated by means of three examples (n = 2, 3, 4). The eigenvalue problem for the first Hamiltonian of the pair must be posed in the complex domain, so its eigenfunctions satisfy a complex differential equation and fulfill homogeneous boundary conditions in Stokes' wedges in the complex plane. The eigenfunctions of the second Hamiltonian of the pair obey a real differential equation and satisfy boundary conditions on the real axis. This equivalence constitutes a proof that the eigenvalues of both Hamiltonians are real. Although the eigenvalue differential equation associated with is real, the Hamiltonian exhibits quantum anomalies (terms proportional to powers of ℏ). These anomalies are remnants of the complex nature of the equivalent Hamiltonian . For the cases n = 2, 3, 4 in the classical limit in which the anomaly terms in are discarded, the pair of Hamiltonians Hn,classical and Kn,classical have closed classical orbits whose periods are identical.


Objective To study the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods Twelve Lewis rats were divided into 2 groups:the ex- perimental group(n = 7)was intravenously administered with ECCG at the dose of 10 mg/kg during the reperfusion period,and the remaining rats served as control group.At the end of reperfusion period,all the rats were sacrificed.Blood and kidney samples were collected for the blood levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen,the tissue concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dis- mutase(SOD)and pathological studies.Results The blood levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen in experimental group were lower than in control group(P0.05).The tissue concentrations of MDA and SOD in experimental group was reduced and increased,respectively,as compared with control group(P0.01).Pathological studies indicated that EGCG could attenuate the ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Conclusion EGCG is a promising agent,which can be implicated into the therapy for ischemia and reperfusion injury.


PURPOSE: A method for preparing nickel nanoparticles is prepared to obtain nickel nanoparticles at high yield with a simple process by using organic amine. CONSTITUTION: A method for preparing nickel nanoparticles comprises the steps of: mixing a nickel precursor, an organic amine and a reducing agent; and heating the mixture. A nickel precursor is at least one selected from nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, nickel acetate, nickel acetyl acetonate, halogenated nickel(NiX2, wherein X is F, Br or I), nickel carbonate, nickel cyclohexanebutyrate, nickel nitrate, nickel octanoate, and their hydrate.


Wearable and IoT devices requiring positioning and localisation services grow in number exponentially every year. This rapid growth also produces millions of data entries that need to be pre-processed prior to being used in any indoor positioning system to ensure the data quality and provide a high Quality of Service (QoS) to the end-user. In this paper, we offer a novel and straightforward data cleansing algorithm for WLAN fingerprinting radio maps. This algorithm is based on the correlation among fingerprints using the Received Signal Strength (RSS) values and the Access Points (APs)'s identifier. We use those to compute the correlation among all samples in the dataset and remove fingerprints with low level of correlation from the dataset. We evaluated the proposed method on 14 independent publicly-available datasets. As a result, an average of 14% of fingerprints were removed from the datasets. The 2D positioning error was reduced by 2.7% and 3D positioning error by 5.3% with a slight increase in the floor hit rate by 1.2% on average. Consequently, the average speed of position prediction was also increased by 14%.


Review of the edited volume: Iwanaga, Kazuki (ed.) (2008), Women's Political Participation and Representation in Asia. Obstacles and Challenges, Copenhagen: NIAS Press, = Women and Politics in Asia No. 2, ISBN 9788776940164, XVII and 314 pages.


BACKGROUND
Breastfeeding supports child development through complex mechanisms that are not well understood. Numerous studies have compared how well breastfeeding and nonbreastfeeding mothers interact with their child, but few examine how much interaction occurs.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Our study of weekly time use among 156 mothers of infants aged 3-9 months investigated whether lactating mothers spend more time providing emotional support or cognitive stimulation of their infants than nonbreastfeeding mothers, and whether the amount of such interactive time is associated with breastfeeding intensity. Mothers were recruited via mother's and baby groups, infant health clinics, and childcare services, and used an electronic device to record their 24-hour time use for 7 days. Sociodemographic and feeding status data were collected by questionnaire. Statistical analysis using linear mixed modeling and residual maximum likelihood analysis compared maternal time use for those giving "some breastfeeding" and those "not breastfeeding." Analysis was also conducted for more detailed feeding subgroups.

RESULTS
Breastfeeding and nonbreastfeeding mothers had broadly similar socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Breastfeeding was found to be associated with more mother-child interaction time, a difference only partially explained by weekly maternal employment hours or other interactive care activities such as play or reading.

CONCLUSION
This study presents data suggesting that lactating mothers spent significantly more hours weekly on milk feeding and on carrying, holding, or soothing their infant than nonlactating mothers; and on providing childcare. Understanding the mechanisms by which child mental health and development benefits from breastfeeding may have important implications for policies and intervention strategies, and could be usefully informed by suitably designed time use studies.


The micro-convexity isotropy of surface topography influences the function performance of the engineering surface greatly. In this paper a evaluation method is proposed which is based on the application of fractal geometry thorey. Through the Fourier transform of the discreate data of the profile measured by the stylus instrument we obtained the po''''er spectrum and the fractal dimension of the profile. And then the spectral moments of the profile and the surface are found. By these patameters the evaluation method is proposed. This study shows that the micro-convexity of the surface topography processed by precision rolling is anisotropic Key Words Isotropy Evaluation Precision Rolling Process Fractal Dimension Power Spectrum Moment


Objective:To study Effects of interleukin-18(IL-18) and inflammatory cell adhesion molecules-1(ICAM-1) on respiratory function in rat with acute lung injury induced by left heart ischemic reperfusion.Methods:60 rats were randomly divided into the experimental group(EG)and the control group(CG).The rats of EG group copied the model of left heart ischemia-reperfusion that was made through ligaturing and loosing the anterior descending branch.The rats of CG group didn`t copy the modle.These rats were sacrificed after 30 minutes after ligaturing(T1),30 min utes after loosing(T2) and 60 min utes atter loosing(T3) respectively,observed respiration curve and arterial partial pressure of oxygen with BL-420 computer system,measured the expression of IL-18 and ICAM-1 with Immunohistochemistry,measured the expression of IL-18 in peripheral blood and bronchial alveolarlavage fluid with Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods.All results were recorded and comparatively analyzed.Result:The level of the expression of IL-18 and ICAM-1 were higher than CG group,the activity of myeloperoxidase in lung tissue of EG were stronger than CG group,the expression of IL-18 in peripheral blood and bronchial alveolarlavage fluid were higher than CG group,the arterial partial pressure of oxygen of EG were Lower than CG group,and the respiration curve of EG group were worse than CG group in range,standing and frequency.These differences were significant(P0.001).Conclusion:ICAM-1 can be liberated with IL-18,causing leukocyte adhesiveness which can release more inflammatory cytokines,which can expand inflammatory cascade response,so they can cause acute lung injury and respiratory dysfunction.


ABSTRACT The scientific report is dedicated to problems related to tennis at the Institute of Education, which participates in the processes of socialization to sports through sports programs. Research interest is also related to the opportunities for adequate socialization through tennis, as a major mechanism for maintaining social order in modern society. The aim of the empirical sociological research is to reveal some aspects related to the main forms of physical education classes for students and organized independent extracurricular activities in tennis in the system of Bulgarian school education and subsequent adequate socialization through sports. The object of this study are a total of 120 students from municipal and private schools in Sofia and Plovdiv. To solve the main tasks, achieve the goal and prove the hypothesis, a complex methodology of research of literature sources, observation, talk, content analysis is applied. Specially developed questionnaires were used. Based on an in-depth analysis of qualitative and quantitative data related to the issues in different schools, the attitude to the learning process is studied, different aspects of the activities are analyzed and practical measures for improving student preparation are outlined, including opportunities for additional funding for schools. Conclusion: knowledge and creative mastery of knowledge in this field of science and their application in practice changes in a positive direction the physical development and ability to work, and as a result the health and academic performance of students.


Objective To observe the effect of Qufeng Recipe(Recipe for eliminating wind)on adjuvant arthritis(AA)rats and its mechanism.Methods Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomized into the normal group,model group,hormone group,and Qufeng Recipe group.The AA rat models were established by injecting intracutaneously Freund's adjuvant 0.05 ml into the right hind-paw.By gastrogavage,the hormone group was given prednisone after modeling,0.25 mg each time,twice a day;and the Qufeng Recipe group was administered the decoction of Qufeng Recipe,3ml each time,twice a day.Twenty-one days later,expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)mRNA and interleukin-6(IL-6) mRNA in synovial tissues of knee joint of all groups was detected.Results In comparison with the model group,the IL-1β mRNA and IL-6 mRNA expression of synovial tissues in the normal group,hormone group,and Qufeng Recipe group was lowered with the statistical difference(P0.05).There was no statistical difference among the normal group,Qufeng Recipe group,and hormone group(P0.05).Conclusion Expression of IL-1β mRNA and IL-6 mRNA in synovial tissues in AA rats is up-regulated.Hormone and Qufeng Recipe function to inhibit its transcription and expression.


The theory of belief functions manages uncertainty and proposes a set of combination rules to aggregate beliefs of several sources. Some combination rules mix evidential information where sources are independent; other rules are suited to combine evidential information held by dependent sources. Information on sources' independence is required to justify the choice of the adequate type of combination rules. In this thesis, we suggest a method to quantify sources' degrees of independence that may guide the choice of the appropriate type of combination rules. In fact, we propose a statistical approach to learn sources' degrees of independence from all provided evidential information.
There are three main uses of estimating sources' degrees of independence: First, we use sources' degree of independence to guide the choice of combination rules to use when aggregating beliefs of several sources. Second, we propose to integrate sources' degrees of independence into sources' beliefs leading to an operator similar to the discounting. Finally, we define a new combination rule weighted with sources' degree of independence.


The Geological Survey of Austria is charged with the task of providing the public with all types of geological information to the fullest possible extent . Starting in 1990 the survey has been actively engaged in the development of a data-storage system of the contents of geological maps and in their computer-assisted printing. The current map production process employs both manual and computer-assisted techniques, including ARC/INFO' , PostScript', Linotronic 530 and several PC-based software-packages. On the whole , the introduction of computer-assisted technology to the map-printing process, by the ADP and Cartography sections, has been beneficial. The paper describes the conceptual framework involved as a result of the experience gained over the years 1990-1992. (1 ARC/INFO is a registered trademark of Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. ) (2 PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc.)


The invention discloses an invulnerability mapping method of a multicast virtual network. The invulnerability mapping method of the multicast virtual network comprises the steps that leaf node sets capable of being covered with each bottom layer data center are obtained according to the zone requirements of each bottom layer data center where each leaf node in the multicast virtual network has access, a set scheme that all the leaf nodes are covered with the sets in the minimum number is obtained by the adoption of the minimum set covering algorithm, mapping of the leaf nodes is conducted through the corresponding bottom layer data centers, and the leaf nodes covered with the same bottom layer data center share node protection resources; the bottom layer data centers where root nodes have access serve as standby bottom layer data centers, primary link mapping is conducted on each standby bottom layer data center, the leaf nodes covered with the same bottom layer data center share a protecting route, and after link mapping is completed, a link mapping scheme with the smallest total resource consumption is selected from the link mapping schemes corresponding to the standby bottom layer data centers to serve as the optimal link mapping scheme. According to the invulnerability mapping method of the multicast virtual network, invulnerability mapping with low cost is achieved.


The natural fertility rate directly expresses the reproductive capabilities of a country. Typically, the value of this indicator is considerably lower in the economically developed part of the world than in less developed countries. However, in terms of fertility rates, developed countries are not completely homogenous either, at least in an analysis of changes in time series. Through the example of various EU Member States, this study aims to pick the economic and policy factors that may trigger improvement in the fertility rate. Apart from a few countries, it is a common problem in the surveyed states that population growth is insufficient for ensuring reproduction. Paradoxically, population decline and ageing is a problem in those countries and regions of the world where the material, economic and welfare conditions are the most favourable. It is also important to demonstrate globally detectable correlations between fertility rates and the standard of living. The aim of this study is to highlight the specific social and economic indicators with the most beneficial and most adverse impacts on developments in fertility rates. An important finding of the study is that having children is essentially not an economic, much rather a cultural matter that is closely related to the concept of responsibility, and in addition, economic stability or a balanced income distribution may increase the fertility rate. Overall, decrease in the intensity of childbearing can be considered as a legitimate concomitant of societies with advanced economies. In the study references are made to other variables that may shift the unfavourable demographic trends in a more favourable direction in the developed world. A higher ratio of internet a more of R&D-intensive products show a lower but positive the level of scientific/academic fertility rates in the of a with a high


We report on TRUMPF´s industrialized hollow-core-fiber laser-light-cable coupled to the TruMicro ultrafast laser platform. A flexible connection between processing head and laser source offers new opportunities in the design of compact laser processing machines. The compact, light-weight connector at the end of the delivery fiber provides a well defined optical interface close to the processing optics, and spatially eases integration of any laser to the machine, enabling optimum access for fast system maintenance without any need for re-alignments. Constant optical beam parameters are ensured even during dynamical movement of the laser-light-cable and the processing head. TRUMPF offers a complete in-house solution consisting of the ultrafast laser platform with up to 10 m long hollow-core-fiber laser-light-cables. The system further includes monitoring devices, e.g. for mode field and power, fiber protection and a safety circuit. As an application example of this compact laser system we present further progress on glass welding. Ultrashort laser pulses enable local bulk modifications in glass as well as controlled melting via heat accumulation. Improved glass welding using optimized energy modulation of successive laser pulses from our advanced TruMicro Series 2000 platform are discussed. The approach for joining brittle materials provides long-term stable and gas-tight joints.


Systems biology seeks to model biological networks dynamically. Two requirements need to be fulfilled for this to be possible. First, the interaction networks need to be known. Second, the dynamics of the interactions have to be revealed. Dynamics of interactions are described by rate laws using kinetics. These kinetics describe the interaction mechanism. For each single interaction occurring in a biological network parameters have to specified. They have to be measured by experiments. For enzyme catalysed reactions, for example, the parameters are measured by enzyme assays tracking the consumption of substrate. For many enzymes parameters and kinetic mechanism are not known. And existing data for parameters generally are of poor quality. After introducing kinetic modelling of metabolic networks we consider a published artificial genetic network that can either tend to a steady state or exhibit sustained oscillations depending on a critical parameter. This critical parameter is the Hill coefficient in the interaction from one gene with the other. For different parameter settings we examine at what value of the Hill coefficient a bifurcation occurs. At this point the network begins to oscillate. We thus assess the distribution of the critical values, a property that cannot be calculated analytically. We then go on to consider useful data sources for parmetrisation of kinetic models of metabolic networks and collect them in an electronical resource to make them electronically accessible and usable. This requires choosing standard references for the designation of components of biological networks. Finally we describe a workflow in which this data resource is used for automatic parametrisation of kinetic models of metabolic networks.


The amount of rock survey samples is big.The determination elements is more than ten.The samples sending concentrate in time.In the condition of urgent time and heavy task,how to control determination quality is important.By many years of practice and use of the OFFICE,the author obtains the effective way of multielement determination quality-control.The method is simple and suitable.The defect can be found in time.It effectively instructs the work and makes the work be in order.


A new technique for transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation of grown-in defects has been developed. The grown-in defects beneath the surface, at the "origin of crystal originated particles (COPs)", are detected using a laser particle counter combined with an atomic force microscope (AFM). Subsequently, the position of the "origin of COP" using the above mentioned detection method is marked at the surface by applying the anodization technique using an AFM, and the TEM samples are prepared using this marking. Through this technique, we have succeeded in observing the "origin of COPs" using a TEM. It has been clarified that the "origin of COPs" are imperfect octahedron voids with thin oxide walls with no strain around them. These results have indicated that the "origin of COPs" are equivalent to the "laser scattering tomography defects (LSTDs)".


This study of primary elections in an industrial city attempts to account for the vote of various candidates in four Republican and four Democratic primaries by using several measures of campaing organization and the notoriety of the candidates. In the Democratic primaries between 92 per cent and 81 per cent of the variation in the candidate vote was accounted for, while between 79 per cent and 28 per cent of the variation in Republican primaries can be accounted for using the same variables.


The DGD (differential group delay) behavior on single-mode optical fibers was analyzed with regard to temperature variation. It was observed that DGD curve shape along the wavelength axis could change if the fiber was submitted to high temperature.


The goal of this study was to investigate the English needs of Transportation Science students and examine similarities or differences between teachers' and students' perceptions on their needs; specifically, this study attempted to understand their views on English for general purposes (EGP) courses and English for Specific Purposes (ESP) ones. For these purposes, a questionnaire survey was distributed to senior students. Then, eight volunteered students, two English instructors and three subject instructors were interviewed. Based on the questionnaire and interview data, four themes were identified. First, Transportation Science students' English needs and wants were different from their English lacks. Although the results showed that the students lacked ESP skills, they believed that they needed and wanted to learn EGP skills. Second, both instructors and students agreed that students needed to improve general English proficiency, especially speaking. On the other hand, the instructors questioned the feasibility of ESP courses due to the lack of qualified ESP instructors. Finally, regarding their views on ESP courses and EGP courses, both instructors and students held a similar view that EGP courses were more essential than ESP courses as it was more urgent to improve students' general English proficiency.


Mulberry leaves are rich in 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) and 2-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-deoxynojirimycin (GAL-DNJ). Compared to DNJ, the bioactive potency of GAL-DNJ is low. We proposed that the conversion of GAL-DNJ into DNJ may improve its bioavailability. We evaluated this hypothesis and constructed a novel enzymatic-based method to induce the hydrolysis of GAL-DNJ to DNJ in order to improve the therapeutic potency of mulberry leaves.


A statistical analysis of the rate of change in oxygen concentrations (VOD, mg O2 m−3 d−1) in 1-m-thick strata in the hypolimnia of 29 lakes suggests that these rates can be predicted from a knowledge of the annual retention of phosphorus by the lake sediments, the mean summer temperature of the stratum, and the morphometry of the stratum. VOD values increased as temperature and phosphorus retention increased. Rates were inversely proportional to the ratio of the volume of the stratum divided by the area of sediments that are contiguous to the stratum. The statistical model was tested by measuring VOD values in an independent group of 12 lakes. Predictions agreed well with the measured values. An analysis of the combined data explained 91% of the variance in VOD values. The regression correctly predicted the vertical variation in VOD values in lakes that exhibited negative heterograde, orthograde, and clinograde oxygen profiles. After further testing, this model should provide a method of predicting changes in oxygen concentrations in lakes that are subject to perturbations such as changes in temperature or nutrient loading.


Chaotic systems have been used to generate the substitutional box structures. The existence of endless possibilities for the selection of the initial conditions and control parameters of the chaotic system has made it a necessity to use the optimization algorithms for generation of chaos based substitutional box structures. Most appropriate initial conditions and control parameters have been determined for four different discrete time chaotic systems using seven different optimization algorithms. A new substitutional box generation algorithm has been proposed using the optimum chaotic parameters values parameter values.


The total structure of english vocabulary is studied by definiting the function of information and the optimal base reasonably. The searching algorithm to the optimal base is given. And then, by using the definition of the optimal base, the feasibility of the structure of the crazy words is explained. Finaly, some suggesstion are given to how to choose the crazy words.


Over the years, bridge deck expansion joints have performed poorly, resulting in structural distress and other ill effects. In an attempt to remedy this situation, 28 states have constructed long, multiple‐span highway bridges without expansion joints. For this paper, jointless bridges in three states, California, New York, and Tennessee, were inspected to assess their performance. Case studies for bridges in each state are summarized, and problems encountered by the states with bridges of this type are presented and discussed.


The desorbability of water molecules chemisorbed on the surfaces of metal oxides has been investigated in the cases of α-Fe2O3, TiO2 (rutile) and ZnO. Water vapor adsorption isotherms were determined on the samples treated at various temperatures in a vacuum of 10−5 Torr. The BET Vm-values of water adsorption were plotted against the temperature of the pretreatment. The curves obtained show a sharp increase at a moderate temperature which is varied by the nature of solid substance. This fact makes us conclude that, at this temperature, the chemisorbed water on oxide surfaces starts to be removed. The variation in the desorption temperature due to the nature of metal oxide is considered to come from the magnitudes of the bonding force of the surface hydroxyl groups to the surface metal atoms on each solid.


An efficient way to integrate knowledge on the behaviour of nitrogen in soil is by the developm ent of m athem atical models. M odels are developed for several aims, such as prediction, m anagem ent or scientific understanding. Prediction and m anagem ent models are m ainly based on a statistical treatm ent of d ata series from preceding years. M odels th at have been m ade to obtain a better understanding of the nitrogen cycle are usually based on a m echanistic description of processes such as leaching, vola tilization of am m onia, m ineralization, im m obilization, nitrification, denitrification and uptake by the roots. Differences betw een models occur because these processes are described w ith varying degrees of sophistication; often, the description of one or two of the processes dom inate the entire model. Thus, a classification of models can be based on the processes that are emphasized. A useful categorization distinguishes between transport models, organic m atter models and soil—plant relation models.


Patient: Male, 60-year-old Final Diagnosis: Gastric carcinoma Symptoms: Asymptomatic Medication:— Clinical Procedure: Surgical resection Specialty: Gastroenterology and Hepatology Objective: Rare co-existance of disease or pathology Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infections are associated with gastric carcinoma (GC). We present a thought-provoking case of multiple GCs associated with EBV and HP infections. Case Report: HP infection was incidentally detected in an asymptomatic 60-year-old man. Upper endoscopy revealed gastric "kissing" ulcers. The lesions were located in the body of the stomach and measured 25 and 27 mm, respectively. They were diagnosed on pathology as moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Imaging revealed no enlarged lymph nodes or distant metastatic lesions. Distal gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed and surgical cure was obtained. The multiple GCs were categorized on pathology as infb ly0 v0 pT1b(SM)UL1N0M0H0P0CY0 pStage IA according to the Japanese classification and as T1bN0M0 Stage IA according to the tumor, node, metastasis classification. Pathological examination revealed remarkable lymphocytic infiltration into the stroma, as shown by in situ hybridization of EBV. These lymphocytic infiltrations were observed only at the sites of GC. In the immunohistochemical examination, in situ hybridization of EBV was positive for EBV-encoded small ribonucleic acid. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. Hence, an unexpected relationship between EBV infection and multiple GCs was suggested by pathology. Quantitative determination of EBV DNA in peripheral blood was normal postoperatively. Adjuvant chemotherapy was not recommended. HP eradication therapy was successful. The patient remained asymptomatic and developed no recurrence or metastasis for 3 years after surgery. Conclusions: This thought-provoking case suggests that coinfection with EBV and HP increases GC occurrence.