This study was carried out to ascertain the seedling species diversity of ornamental/forest nursery enterprises and their socio-economic contribution to people's livelihood in Makurdi metropolis. The study adopted survey method to generate data. This was accomplished through questionnaire administration and interviews with respondents. Descriptive statistics were utilized in analyzing the socio-economic variables, while Gross Income (GI), Net Income (NI), and Rate of Return on Investment (RORI) were adapted for economic analysis. The result revealed that twenty (20) different seedling species were available from the Ten (10) Ornamental/Forest Nursery enterprises in Makurdi metropolis. Yellow bush, Ixora, Oil palm, Royal palm, Golden palm, and Masquerade tree were most prevalent while Teak, Gmalina, and Pawpaw were less prevalent. The socio-economic contributions of these enterprises to the people included source of income, employment and revenue generation to government. The RORI of the enterprises varies between 16.9% and 76.9% and Net Income between N36 250 and N900 000 implying that the business is lucrative. About 198 persons are employed in these enterprises. Other benefits were environmental protection, beautification and decorative services. The study recommended that nursery operators should expand their production frontiers and particularly of the native seedling species, which were undersupplied. This will improve their profit margins and also create more employments for the people; the environment will also be protected. The study further recommended that the populace be encouraged towards increased involvement in the establishment of more nursery enterprises and tree planting.


Jaundice was first mentioned in Huangdi Neijing,and it was developed and perfected in Shanghanlun and Jinkui Yaolue Fanglun.ZHANG Zhong-jing treated jaundice with eight therapeutic methods: sweating,emesis,purgating,harmonizing,warming,heat-clearing,eliminating and reinforcing.We can learn from ZHANG Zhong-jing's pattern identification about jaundice that blood stasis and dampness run though the onset,development and recovery of jaundice,therefore promoting blood circulation and removing dampness are the key points for curing jaundice.


We define a generalization of the Stirling numbers of the first and second kinds and develop a new rook theory model to give combinatorial interpretations to these numbers. These rook-theoretic interpretations are used to give a direct combinatorial proof that two associated matrices are inverses of each other. We also give combinatorial interpretations of the numbers in terms of certain collections of permutations and in terms of certain collections of set partitions. In addition, many other well-known identities involving Stirling numbers are generalized using this new model.


Introduction Spontaneous fluctuations in the resting state fMRI time course have been shown to exhibit structured spatial and temporal patterns, and are modulated in a variety of diseases. These spontaneous BOLD fluctuations have electrophysiological origins (1-5). However, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. A few recent human studies (6, 7) reveal that functional connectivity results from "pure" resting state scans are similar to those acquired with conventional block-design paradigms after the corresponding evoked fMRI responses have been regressed out, suggesting that the ongoing electrophysiological signal that underpins the spontaneous fluctuations observed in resting state fMRI is minimally disturbed by the task blocks. The goal of this study is to investigate how tasks modulate ongoing spontaneous fluctuations. We chose a rat whisker barrel (WB) stimulation model instead of the electrical forepaw stimulation model, because, unlike the latter one in which stimulation is typically delivered with electrical pulses, mechanical deflection of rat whiskers is more physiologically relevant and can be delivered continuously. Methods A customized whisker stimulation apparatus was constructed. Sinusoidal pulses were generated by a computer, which was power-amplified to drive a piezoeletrical device. A comb connected to the piezoeletrical device was used to move rat whiskers along the rostral-caudal direction. The stimulation paradigm was a block design consisting of 32 sec ON and 32s OFF with 8 repetitions. During the ON-period, the comb was driven at 8Hz with an amplitude of 4 mm (peak-to-peak). Multi-channel epidural EEG signals were recorded from 9 rats using a Plexon system with semi-micro electrodes. Recording sites: bilateral whisker barrel cortex with the visual cortex serving as a control site. Data acquisition frequency was 4 KHz, down-sampled to 256 Hz during data analysis. EEG mean power, power time correlation and raw EEG signal coherence between electrode pairs were computed using the complex Morlet Wavelet analysis method. Matlab code for Wavelet analysis was provided by Grinsted et al. (http://www.pol.ac.uk/home/research/waveletcoherence/). EEG signal was classified into five conventional frequency bands (delta 1-4 Hz, theta 5-8 Hz, alpha 9-14 Hz, beta 15-25 Hz, gamma 26-50 Hz). Mean power and power correlation between the ON versus OFF periods were compared for each frequency band. Coherence between electrode pairs was calculated with 57 log-scales, ranging from 0.0078 to 1 (the corresponding Fourier frequency 124 Hz to 0.97 Hz). Results Whisker stimulation induced EEG signal on the contralateral side manifest as a reduction in overall amplitude and an increase in higher frequency components. Figure 1 illustrates a comparison of power spectra between the contralateral and ipsilateral sides. Table 1 summarizes statistical results from 9 animals. Whisker stimulation induced power changes only on the contralateral, but not the ipsilateral side. It caused an enhancement in EEG power from theta to gamma bands, but a reduction only in the delta band. Such modulations were specific to the contralateral WB cortex as expected. Furthermore, power correlation between left and right WB cortex was reduced in both the theta and beta bands; spectral coherence was also reduced in both the beta and gamma bands. There was no significant change between either side of WB cortex and visual cortex in any frequency band. Discussion Given the tight neurovascular coupling, it is likely that electrophysiological signals in every frequency bands have a hemodynamic signature, i.e. they are reflected in the fMRI signal. A key question, however, is what the major electrophysiological sources are that contribute to the resting state fMRI signal. Our data reveal that power correlation and/or coherence are modulated in the theta, beta and gamma bands, but not in the delta or alpha band. We reason that if signals in theta, beta and gamma bands are the major contributors to resting state fMRI signal, bilateral correlation of the fMRI signal should be significantly reduced during whisker stimulation. However, if delta and/or alpha signal is the major contributor, bilateral correlation of the fMRI signal should be similar between the ON and OFF periods. Recent human fMRI data seem to support the latter. Further fMRI experiments can be performed to test this hypothesis. Acknowledgement This work was sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health(NIDA/IRP/NIH). References 1. Leopold DA et al. 2003. 2. He BJ et al., PNAS 2008. 3. Lu H et al. PNAS 2007. 4. Schölvinck ML et al. PNAS 2010. 5. Nir Y et al., Nat Neurosci 2008. 6. Fair DA et al., Neuroimage 2007. 7. Fox MD et al., Nat Neurosci 2006.


Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is irreplaceable among super-resolution microscopies in revealing biological ultra-structures, given its unmatched high resolution. However, its sub-optimal quantitative capability, which is critical for characterizing true biomolecular organization of ultra-structures in cells, has hindered its widest application in biomedical research. Here, in SMLM imaging of cellular structures such as lipid rafts and microtubules with saturation labelling, we identified ultra-bright localizations, each of which is contributed by simultaneous emission of multiple molecules within a diffraction-limit region and has been regarded before as a regular localization from single molecule. Consistently, ultra-bright localizations are also observed in simulated SMLM imaging of endoplasmic reticulum or microtubules from public resource. Furthermore, after calibrating each ultrabright localization into multiple single-molecule localizations using the photon-number-based models, the density of total localizations shows linear correlation with the true molecule density, presenting SMLM with new reconstruction method as a quantitative analysis approach. Therefore, identification and dissection of ultra-bright localizations in SMLM enable the close and quantitative estimate of the true biomolecular organization.


All the existing adaptable out of core simplification algorithms need to scan the original model more than one time. So the algorithm efficiency is relatively lower when comparing with uniform sampling approaches. This paper presents an adaptive clustering method, called Balanced Tiling (BT), for out of core simplification, which only needs one pass over the input model. The key idea behind BT is that the model surface can be recorded using surface coding and the global distribution of surface details can be obtained through quadric quantizing of the original model. The algorithm presented in this paper can position all types of detail areas, while some other out of core simplification approaches can only position feature edges. The detail areas will be restored while smooth areas will be further simplified. BT especially suits handling super large models because the I/O time is saved greatly. The memory requirement is small, which is only related with the size of the output model


of the peroxidase system within a few hours of of tryptophan of certain other compounds the it be shown that this phenomenon is due to two independent


The outline of research subjects on SiCf/SiC composites to apply to the structural components of fusion reactors are described and present status on material development of SiCf/SiC composites in Japan is reviewed. Irradiation experiments of the composites using fission reactors conducted by international collaborations to clarify their radiation response and to optimize the fabrication processes


Two new alkaloids (1–2), together with six known compounds (3–8), were isolated from cultures of the endophytic fungus Stagonosporopsis oculihominis. Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR and HRMS analyses. The absolute configurations of 1 was determined by the comparison of experimental and theoretical electronic circular dichroism spectra. The new compounds were investigated for their cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines. © 2017 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Timing diagrams are popular in hardware design. They have been formalized for use in reasoning tasks, such as computer-aided verification. These efforts have largely treated timing diagrams as interfaces to established notations for which verification is decidable; this has restricted timing diagrams to expressing only regular language properties. This paper presents a timing di- agram logic capable of expressing certain context-free and context-sensitive properties. It shows that verification is decidable for properties expressible in this logic. More specifically, it shows that containment of o>-regular languages generated by Buchi automata in timing diagram languages is decidable. The result relies on a correlation between timing diagram and reversal bounded counter machine languages.


We show that for n ≥ 3 there are 3.2 n-1 complex common tangent lines to 2n - 2 general spheres in R n and that there is a choice of spheres with all common tangents real.


The paper aims to analyze the behavior of seismic actions of minaret – structural components characteristic of mosque. As it is known, the characteristics of this construction are governed by the slenderness and the distribution of the constituent materials by height. An important component is the most real quantification of the characteristics resistances as well as the impact of other loads in operation. The paper presents the case study – the minaret of the Carol I Mosque from Constanta, an emblematic historical monument of Constanta made by Eng. Gogu Constantinescu 110 years ago.


Aims To determine the effects of a tailored quality improvement programme for effective medication management including a reduction in prescription and administration errors in oral and depot psychotropic medication, patient education on medication and implementation of policies and guidelines. Background Medication errors are common in hospital admissions and pose a threat to patient safety (Buckley et al. 2013). Medication errors may occur in different stages of the patient treatment process such as during prescribing, transcribing, preparing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring (Wang et al. 2015). In addition to these, for the detained mental health patients, the Mental Health Act 1983 legislation requires up-to-date treatment certificate compliance (Wales. Welsh Assembly 2008). A Quality Improvement programme to improve safe medication prescription and administration was designed for the patients admitted in Delfryn House, a mental health high dependency rehabilitation unit. Method Using Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) quality improvement methodology, a medication management committee was created under the leadership of Specialty doctor and Head of Care (HOC), and comprising of the consultant psychiatrists, specialty doctor, heads of care (ward managers), senior nurses, pharmacists, hospital manager and hospital director. The committee reviewed the medication errors reported in the last year and planned the Pre-Intervention Phase 1 and Post Intervention Phase II Audits. The Intervention project was broadly divided into two domains---Doctors' Prescription led by the Specialty doctor and the Nurses' Medication Administration, led by the Head of care. Using the QI "theory of change" model, three primary drivers of "Safe Prescription and Administration", "Patient Education" and "Policies and Guidelines Implementation" were established. The poster will have a demonstration of the complete drivers' diagram. Secondary drivers for "Safe prescription and administration" required inputs from doctors, nurses and pharmacists; Change ideas (Interventions) of introducing In-patient depot clinics, Daily 10-Points self-audit by clinic nurse, twice daily information about patients' medication compliance in morning and evening electronic handovers, PDSAs with monthly audits of prescription and administration errors, monthly pharmacists' audits for drug interactions and monitoring of adverse effects and rapid tranquilisations were implemented. Secondary drivers and change ideas for "Patient Education" included discussions with Multidisciplinary teams, medication information leaflets being available to patients, discussion slots with pharmacists, self-administration of medication, and alternate self-management strategies instead of PRN medications. Secondary drivers and change ideas for the "Policies and Guidelines Implementation" included steps to ensure all staff were aware of the policies for safe drug administration, rapid tranquilization and PRN utilisation, medication meetings minutes being circulated to all staff, and monthly audits for MHA1983 Section 57 treatment certificates for detained patients. The medication Management Committee continued to meet on monthly basis to review the interventions, implementation of new strategies, and new recommendations on the basis of monthly mini-audits. A patient satisfaction survey on their knowledge about prescribed psychotropic medication was also conducted pre and post-intervention. Result Results of Phase I and Phase 11 were compared. There was a significant reduction in prescription errors by doctors (19% to 3%) and medication administration (34% to 11%). Mental health documentation compliance improved from 77% to 98%. Patient satisfaction survey also demonstrated more knowledge about their prescribed psychotropic medication (15% to 32%). Two areas however did not show satisfactory improvements; There was not a significant improvement in acknowledgment or documentation of potential drug interactions or adverse events raised by pharmacists. Errors related to depot medication administration reduced in the initial two months, but increased again. The introduction of the Weekly Depot Clinic was not found successful by the administering nursing staff, and it was moved back to daily administrations. Conclusion The formation of the medication management committee and the quality improvement programme showed significant improvement in most areas of effective medication management. The primary and secondary drivers with the change ideas gave structure to the intervention programme. The mini-audits using PDSA methodology helped to test different interventional strategies and to assess their impact and building upon the learning from previous results. This shows that for sustained effective medication management, this should not be a one-off exercise, and we need to continue learning and implementing newer strategies for continued effective medication, taking on-board the advice from MDT, nursing, patients, and carers.


Activities on diode pumped alkali laser (DPAL) in Japan are updated. Since the last presentation in Chengdu, we have continued our DPAL research mainly targeting the development of tools for future scaling-up and high-efficiency operation. In particular, the focus is on a numerical simulation that combines computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and wave optics. To confirm the agreement between the experimental and simulation results, we designed and built several experimental apparatuses. Our latest gas-flow type DPAL produced 15.5 W output power with 80% slope efficiency based on the absorbed pump light. The agreement with theoretical prediction was excellent not only for output power but also for transverse mode shape and beam quality. Additionally, to accurately predict the performance of Cs DPAL, we measured the main reaction cross sections, namely, mixing and quenching reaction cross sections of the two P states of Cs with various hydrocarbon buffer gases. The main result of the repetitive pulsed operation by the cavity dumping technique and relevant numerical simulation is also discussed.


: This study intends to suggest production process of circular knitted jackets and dimensional change data of finished clothes after washing. the study provides pattern design method of circular knitted jackets by applying dimensional change. By doing so, the purpose of this study is to increase production efficiency through accurate order in con- sideration of loss amount of the fabrics in production. With the three fabric materials selected, this study investigated dimensional change of circular knitted jackets after sewing and washing by varying the parts to be attached to padding cloth and with or without inner lining. As for the fabric F-C (including the spandex, thicker and weightier than the other two fabrics), front width shrunk by 4.6%, which showed the biggest shrinkage among the jackets made of test fabrics. Then it suggested design methods of circular knitted jacket patterns to which dimensional change is applied according to materials, and analyzed the amount of fabric required for production by comparison of the materials. When using the fabric F-C without inner lining, there is big dimensional change and more than double amount of fabric is required. It is expected that the research results will be a basic data for pattern design and production process of circular knitted cloth- ing.


Multichannel audio installation presented as part of 'Wavelength', Liquid Architecture 9, Carriageworks, Sydney, July 2008. Curator: Rene Christen----------

'Wavelength' was a group installation project consisting of a number of discrete works from following artists: Peter Blamey, Monica Brooks, Nicholas Economos, Jon Hunter, Jenny Hyde, Julian Knowles, Emily Morandini, Kusum Normoyle, Jasper Streit.----------

Author's Note: Guitar Environment #1 is a 5 channel installation work featuring damaged and degraded electric guitar sounds. Compositionally, the work is conceived within a combinatorial or musical 'mobile' framework, where any mix of channels can be listened to in any balance at any time. The playback platform for the installation is designed to create a condition of instability through interference. FM transmitter signals, sharing the same broadcast frequency, compete for pickup by portable FM receivers and headphones worn by listeners. The work thus creates a sense of instability which is articulated through the sound material and platform, aestheticising interference, noise and audio damage.----------

Curator's Note: Sound artists were invited to compose works in a way different from the cinematic baggage associated with surround sound. Each of 5 audio channels for each piece is broadcasted from a different FM transmitter hidden within the space, all transmitting on the same frequency. Audience members are invited to put on headphones tuned into this frequency and explore the soundscape of radio signals which exist within the space by moving through it. Pieces of the artists works emerge and disappear into the cacophony of the cities crowded radio waves and into each other, sometimes ambiguous as to what is the artist's contribution and what is the artifacting inherent in the system or alien signals permeating the boundaries of the installation.


A method comparison between HPLC and FPIA is reported for Cyclosporine A blood concentration monitoring. The result indicated that HPLC and FPIA method had a good relationship (r= 0.905, P 0.001) The regression equation was value = 75.68+ 2. 68HPLC value (n=94), HPLC method was more specific than FPIA because the foremer determined CsA only and the latter determined CsA and its metabolites. If FPIA/HPLC value was more tham 3' it usually sugested there was accumulation of CsA metabolites in patient and his liver function was abnormal.


In this paper,Halimodendron halodendron seeds germination which located in the lower reaches of Tarim were studied under 9 different salt solutions stress,and analyzed the change of MDA,SOD,POD and Pro four physiology indexs of Halimodendron halodendron seedlings along with the salt thickness.The resulted indicated that: with the salt thickness increasing,the activity of POD and SOD had little change,the content of Pro increased firstly and then decreased,and the change of MDA content was not obvious.Compared with the contrast(0mol/L NaCl),the activity of POD and SOD were higher.In 0.2mol/L NaCl solution,the content of Pro was up to the largest,while the content of MDA reached to the bottom.The study could provide a reference for the damaged ecosystems restoration in the Lower Reaches of Tarim River.


During the last century, in social and humanistic sciences, the dominant perspective on space was the political economy, focusing on how space relates to macro-social phenomena and minimizing the role of the micro-social ones, by conceptualizing space as a social force, constraining social actions. Despite sporadic attempts to theorize how people could escape the dominance of power by investing spaces with subjective meanings, appropriating spaces through body practices, or anchoring memories and identities into specific spaces, there is still a need to understand how spaces are lived and how daily life spatial contexts become micro-foundations for social actions. I conduct an interpretive synthesis to show how social scientists borrowed ideas from philosophers to understand the phenomenology of everyday life by capturing the experience of urban, residential, and domestic space. I explore space through phenomenological lenses to clarify concepts as: the constitution of space through perception, the sensorial and emotional experience of space and the atmosphere of a specific place, the sense of space, the meaning of feeling at home and being intimate with a particular place, the practice of home as a body extension. To nuance these ideas, I use results from four research projects I participated in: Couple living space in Brasov metropolitan area; Hidden faces of homelessness - Measuring homelessness in Europe; Inhabiting urban places and experiencing citizenship; I was a citizen of Stalin town. I conclude by extracting implications for the sociology of space field.


Gerald Segal surveys the regional balances of power and interest in North-East Asia and sees it as a zone with no shared security interests and old hostilities intact-a zone in search of a regional identity. How to construct this? He reports on a recent Canadian initiative, but also, in case a common security approach is unsuccessful, outlines the possibilities for a more flexible, a la carte approach to the highest-risk security issues.


Carbamate pesticides with good insecticidal effect have been widely used in Chinese agriculture. Although carbamate pesticides are not highly toxic compounds, the ultra-limited ingestion through food or traditional Chinese medicine will also threaten human health. In recent years, several determination methods of carbamates pesticides have been developed, mainly including gas chromatography, gas chromatography-coupled with mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography-coupled with mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization and fluorescence detection, biosensors, and so on. This paper summarizes the features of these determination methods, and analyzes the development trend of determination methods of carbamate pesticides.


Warfare at Sea — Measures and Instruments of Force — Warship — Definition of — Whether Requisitioned Vessels Can be Warships. Warfare at Sea — Measures and Instruments of Force — Conversion of Merchantmen — Requisitioned Vessels. 341State Responsibility — For Breaches of Contractual Obligations — Breach of Concessionary Contract — Refusal to Pay Lighthouse Dues on Requisitioned Ships — Exemption for "Warships Properly So-called" — Meaning of — Conversion of Merchantmen.


This paper explores the role of skin color in shaping Arab Americans' political attitudes. Previous literature has confirmed the relationship between skin color and social and economic outcomes, though research on politics is more mixed. In this thesis, I argue that because of Arab Americans' racial ambiguity, skin color holds more political significance for the group relative to groups with more salient racial identities. In particular, I hypothesize that darker-skinned Arab Americans will be more likely to perceive discrimination, identify with other Arab Americans, and thus favor more liberal, anti-discrimination policies relative to their lighter-skinned counterparts. Using data from the 2003 Detroit Arab American Survey, I found that skin color had no significant effects on Arab American political ideology. Instead, the data shows that darker-skinned Arabs tend to be less politically engaged, less connected with other Arab Americans, and more distrustful of other racial/ethnic groups compared to Arab Americans with lighter skin. These findings are fascinating as they illuminate a deeper issue of intragroup isolation and political disengagement among members of an otherwise "invisible" racial/ethnic identity. NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY: In this paper, I will use the term "Arab American" to describe immigrants and relatives of immigrants from Western Asia and North Africa. This "Arab League" consists of 22 nations, which include but are not limited to Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Qatar, Yemen, Kuwait, Libya, and Algeria. The term "Middle Eastern" includes the Arab League, as well as individuals from Israel, Iran, and Turkey, among other states. I have selected to use the term "Arab American" as it is most frequently used – both in the literature and elsewhere – to refer to members of both groups. THE MOST INVISIBLE OF THE INVISIBLES 6 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION "It's tough to name a group when most people aren't aware the group exists . . . that's why . . . I coined this phrase for our community: The Most Invisible of the Invisibles" (Kadi, 1994). Arab Americans are a group seldom studied in the social sciences, though they are one of the United States' most complex and fast-growing racial/ethnic groups. The United States Census reports that the Arab American population has increased by 76% since 1990 and 25% since 2000, and the the Arab American Institute estimates the Arab American population at 3.5 million (Wang, 2013; AAI, 2018). Ultimately, Arab Americans have developed an ever-growing presence in the United States, yet continue to be ignored in discussions of race and politics, existing as "neither fully white nor recognized as people of color" (Zopf, 2001). This feeling of Arab American invisibility is further exacerbated by the United States' legal racial categories. While legally classified as "white," many Arab Americans do not identify as white, nor "look" white to most Americans (Ajrouch & Jamal, 2007; Shouhayib, 2016). This fact is supported by the 2010 Alternative Questionnaire Experiment, which found that a "number of MENA participants did not see themselves in the current race and ethnicity response categories" (OMB). Undoubtedly, a disconnect arises between one's legal race and a race which is selfidentified or perceived by other individuals. To address such a disconnect, the Office of Management and Budget proposed the addition of a MENA (Middle Eastern and North African) category in 2015, which would give Arab Americans their own racial/ethnic designation (OMB). According to the OMB, this new category could help monitor discrimination, distribute social services, and enforce laws like the Voting Rights Act and Fair Housing Act (OMB). This data could also help scholars better understand trends in MENA employment, health, education, as well as general population characteristics. Scholars have found difficulty in tracking Arab Americans, as data on the group is lumped into the broader "white" racial category. Not only does this erase the unique experiences of Arab Americans, but it also skews data for those who actually are and/or identify as white. Thus, while the MENA proposition has not yet passed, it does raise an important concern over the accuracy of the U.S. racial labelling system. Without accurate racial/ethnic labels, our understanding of racial/ethnic politics remains THE MOST INVISIBLE OF THE INVISIBLES 7 hazy and incomplete. Thus, the goal of this project is to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of racial/ethnic politics via the study of Arab Americans, a typically "invisible," under-studied racial/ethnic group. It is also worth exploring how skin color – a vehicle of perceived race – impacts Arab Americans' political identities. In this project, I ask how skin color interacts with Arab Americans' political attitudes, in order to better understand the group as a unique racial/ethnic category. Skin color has been shown to have profound effects on the social and economic outcomes of racial/ethnic minorities (Keith & Herring, 1991; King & Johnson. 1998; Krieger et al., 1998; Allen et al. 2000; Hill, 2000; Proctor & Snyder, 2000; Dixon & Maddox, 2005; Gullickson 2005; Hersch 2006; Monk 2014; Burch, 2015; Monk, 2018). For example, Monk (2016) found that skin color was a strong predictor of Brazilians' "educational attainment and occupational status," more so than participants' actual racial identity. Among these studies, we find implicit biases attached to skin color, which in turn produce less favorable outcomes for certain minority groups. In this project, I ask whether skin color matters not only for socioeconomic status, but also for political outcomes. In other words, is race alone an adequate measure of political ideology? Or does skin color serve to reveal important (but otherwise unknown) cleavages among racial/ethnic groups? The answer to this question is highly contested. Some scholars have found significant effects of skin color on policy preferences and political attitudes (Piston & Strother, 2015; Hutchings et al, 2015). However, Hochschild and Weaver (2007) argue the opposite. Despite skin color mattering for socioeconomic status, skin color has little to no effect on the political attitudes of African Americans. Hochschild and Weaver (2007) name this anomaly the Skin Color Paradox, attributed to Black Americans' strong, clearly defined racial identity. They argue that the external hierarchy of race holds more political significance than does skin color, meaning that Black Americans engage with politics as collectively Black, not as light-skinned and darkskinned. However, while this may be the case for Black Americans, I argue that skin color likely holds more political significance for Arab Americans, a less salient racial/ethnic identity. As opposed THE MOST INVISIBLE OF THE INVISIBLES 8 to other racial/ethnic groups like Black Americans, where racial identity is strong and clearly defined, Arab American identity is neither. As Naber (2000) notes, some Arab Americans have "blonde hair and blue eyes, others have crimpy hair and very dark skin." Because racial identity is not as clearly defined, I expect the internal hierarchy of skin color to matter more than (or just as much as) the broader hierarchy of race. Furthermore, we see skin color factoring into experiences of discrimination. Since Arab Americans have no clearly defined race, race/ethnic-based discrimination is decided on the basis of skin tone. Naber (2000) asserts that "when no allusion to an Arab or Muslim identity is made, those who 'can pass' as whites return to their neutral, yet privileged position as 'white Americans.'" Arab Americans with light skin are perceived as more "American," whereas darker-skinned Arabs are seen as more foreign, and in most cases, anti-American. We see this trend historically, beginning with Orientalism, continuing through racial prerequisite cases and lastly, manifesting in American media and other cultural projects. When individuals experience racial/ethnic discrimination, they are more likely to perceive discrimination and thus favor pro-minority, anti-discriminatory policies. This explains why the majority of non-white groups lean liberal, while white individuals lean more conservative. Based on this mechanism, I arrive at a central hypothesis: lighter-skinned Arabs who more adequately fit the "white" racial schema will be more conservative, whereas those who are dark-skinned will face more discrimination, have stronger feelings of linked fate, and thus favor more liberal political attitudes. To test this hypothesis, I will run statistical analyses using data from the Detroit Arab American Survey (2003), which samples 1,016 Arab Americans living in Detroit, Michigan from June to December 2003. In Chapter 3, I will outline the existing literature on skin color and its relationship to social, economic, and political outcomes. In Chapter 4, I will develop my theory on Arab Americans' ambiguous racial identity. In Chapter 5, I will lay out my research design, then present my results and statistical analysis in Chapters 6 and 8, while introducing a new theory in Chapter 7. Finally, I will conclude with the implications of the study in Chapter 9 of the thesis. THE MOST INVISIBLE OF THE INVISIBLES 9 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 3.1 COLORISM Colorism is a central framework for understanding skin color skin and its social, economic, and political implications. In U.S. culture, lighter skin is preferred to darker skin "aesthetically, normatively, and culturally" (Hochschild & Weaver, 2007). This preference is known as colorism, or discrimination that is "directed against African Americans with darker skin and, conversely, the benefits...granted to...[those with] lighter skin" (Blair et al., 2002). While colorism is predominantly associated with African Americans, it serves as a crucial analytical framework for other racial/ethnic groups (


Hodgkin lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are those of the most expected malignant neoplasms, which could be associated with radiation impact. There have been no epidemiological studies, which would describe lymphoma rates in Belarus for the long time after the Chernobyl disaster. Thus the aim of this study was to estimate lymphomas rates in Belarus within 1991-2014. Data of Belorussian Cancer Registry were analyzed by calculation of crude rates (CR), age-specific rates (AsR) and age standardized rates (ASR). Trend analysis was realized by investigation of average annual percentage change (APC). There were found 6,675 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma (С81.0 - С81.9) and 12,404 of Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (С82.0 - С85.9, С96) in Belarus within 1991-2014. CR and ASR of lymphomas are higher in males than females, but the return ASR of Hodgkin lymphoma is higher in females than males. CR and ASR are higher for urban than rural residents. Trend analysis showed the growth of both crude and standardized incidence rates of Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (APC is about 3.4%), but the return APS of Hodgkin lymphoma made up (-0.2%).


This study investigates the nonlinear dynamic failure characteristics of a notched cantilever beam using numerical finite element models and experiments with various displacement loads at the root of the beam. Damage states of the beam are represented as quasi-static equilibrium points and, subsequently, all significant damage events are modeled as bifurcations (qualitative changes) in the set of stable equilibria for the structure-damage system using a set of low-order normal forms. When analytical models are used to interpret trends in data from the beam as it undergoes different routes to failure, the state-space relationship between estimated crack length and rate of change of crack length exhibits elastic-plastic transitions, which depend on the effects of damage accumulation and the load history. It is suggested that these transitions could be used as a series of milestones for rendering a prognosis. It is demonstrated that nonlinear normal forms do simulate a variety of damage evolution phenomena using a few key parameters, which must be evaluated in future works.


Reference point effects of top managers exerts an influence on managerial decision-making behaviors. We introduces the main idea of developing the decision behavior testing system designed for top manager in team task circumstance. According to the theory of the reference point effect, study of testing experiments in the reference point effect is carried out. Under managerial decision-making simulation environment, a platform is designed for testing reference point effect. The system uses the outcome of the value of the reference point to report the characteristics of the decision behavior of top managers. Keywords—reference point effect, decision-making behavior, top manager, managerial decision-making simulation environment.


Supervision of midwives is in a state of flux. This article outlines some of the changes taking place within supervision and addresses some of the problems associated with those changes.


1. A process for preparing a 1,2-epoxide by catalytic oxidation of a terminal olefin with hydrogen peroxide wherein the catalytic oxidation is carried out in a biphasic system comprising an organic phase and an aqueous reaction medium, wherein as oxidation catalyst is a water-soluble complex of manganese, wherein the terminal olefin is used, characterized by solubility at 20 ° C of at least 0,01 to 100 g in 1 liter of water, and the molar ratio of terminal olefin to hydrogen peroxide is in the range from 1: 0.1 to 1: 2. ! 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises a mononuclear manganese complex of the general formula (I): !! or a binuclear manganese complex of the general formula (II):, wherein Mn is manganese;! L or each L independently is a polydentate ligand, preferably a cyclic or acyclic compound containing 3 nitrogen atoms; each X independently represents a coordinating compound and each μ-X independently is a bridging coordinating compounds selected from the group consisting of: RO-, Cl-, Br-, I-, F-, NCS-, N3 -, I3 - , NH3, NR3, RCOO-, RSO3 -, RSO4 -, OH-, O2 2-, NOO-, H2O, SH-, CN-, OCN-, and S4 2- and combinations thereof, wherein R represents a radical C1- C20, selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, benzyl and combinations thereof, and Y is a counterion stable against oxidation. ! 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the ligand or ligands are selected from acyclic compounds containing at least 7 atoms in the backbone or cyclic compounds containing at least 9 atoms in the ring, each having the nitrogen atoms separated by at least two carbon atoms. ! 4. The process of claim


Purpose of this study was to determine the effect of taxpayer awareness, quality of tax services, tax
sanctions, tax knowledge0and tax amnesty on individual taxpayer compliance. Sample in this study were
100 individual taxpayers at the Tax Service Office (KPP) in the city of Semarang. Data used in this study is
primary data by distributing questionnaires to0respondents using google form. Sample selection in this
study used accidental sampling using the Slovin formula. After fulfilling0the classical assumption test, then
the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. Results showed that taxpayer
awareness, tax sanctions, tax knowledge and tax amnesty had a positive effect on individual taxpayer
compliance. While the quality of tax services does not affect the compliance of individual taxpayers. Value
of the coefficient0of determination test with the individual taxpayer compliance value of 41.90 percent can
be explained by the research variables. The result of this study can be input for the government what should
be done to improve taxpayer compliance.


The Biblioteca Laurenziana must be reckoned as the most important and influential Italian secular building of the sixteenth century. That no exhaustive investigation of its architectural history exists is so much the more remarkable. The present work is an attempt to fill this gap. It comprises investigations of drawings and documents and of the building itself. The best arrangement seems to be not that of tracing the growth of the building strictly chronologically, but rather to establish first, and attempt to explain, the important break which occurred in its history, a break upon which understanding of both previous and subsequent development depends.


A central supposition of the "communicative ethics controversy" in modern social theory has been either that there exist universal standards against which we can judge the validity of speech and moral argumentation or, conversely, that there are no determinate standards to which moral claims can be held answerable, and hence no methods by which disputes over contested claims can rationally be resolved. In this paper it is argued that the basic terms of this debate are miscast. The "order without rules" thesis maintains both that the search for universal standards of valid moral arguments is likely to end in disappointment, and that nonetheless there are discoverable methods by which arguments are evaluated, facts constituted, and disputes settled, and for which appeals to general standards of validity are neither requested nor forthcoming. Wittgenstein's numerous remarks on rules and rule following are considered in support of this thesis. A leading assumption of the so-called "communicative ethics controversy" (Benhabib and Dallmayr 1990) is that the impossibility of recovering general standards for the validity of speech and argumentation leads inevitably to the conclusion that there are no standards (of intelligibility, cogency, reasonableness, and so on) to which arguments can be held answerable in situ, and hence no methods by which disputes between competing claims can reasonably be resolved. The acceptance of this idea, or something very much like this idea, seems to force a choice between the enlightenment program of transcendental science and philosophy, on the one hand, and the subscription to a doctrine of collapse, decay, and decline, on the other; between the alternatives of continuing the search for general, universally valid rules of thought and social order, or concluding that there are no legitimate rules and hence no legitimate order(s). These, it seems, are the general terms of the moderist/postmodernist, enlightenment/anti-enlightenment debates in contemporary social theory, and they are certainly the terms within which Habermas defends his faith in completing the unfinished project of modernity.' The "order without rules" thesis maintains both that the search for general standards of validity, objectivity, precision, and the like is likely to end in disappointment, and that nonetheless there are discoverable methods by which arguments are evaluated, disputes resolved, facts constituted, and so on, about which parties to those activities are not merely convinced for now, but are certain, and for which appeals to general standards of validity are neither requested nor forthcoming. Accordingly this thesis marks a point of departure from the basic terms of these debates. This thesis is consonant with Wittgenstein's (1958) remarks on the relativity of rules or standards (of validity, objectivity, precision, and the like) to such practices as provide


By Comparing venture capital between the U.S.A and Germany, this paper analyzed the effects of financial systems on venture capital from some aspects, such as firm objectives and cultures, obtaining and utilizing information, the investment organization, the financial personnel and the exit mechanism. It indicates that the market-oriented financial systems are more efficiencty than the bank-oriented financial systems on venture capital. We could refer it for developing our venture capital in China.


Gearless Hoist Specialized for Elevator Modernization Hitachi's modernization package for compliance with new elevator regulations includes a highly effi cient gearless hoist specially created for modernizing elevators. The new hoist improves energy savings and provides advanced operation control that reduces machine room noise and elevator car vibration to improve ride comfort. To meet the demand for improved safety, the hoist has—as standard features—two independent brakes (see Fig. 1), and an unintended car movement protection device that meets current safety regulations. If, by some chance, a failure in the drive system or control equipment results in the elevator moving while the door is open, these features can detect the problem immediately and stop the elevator automatically. The modernization package for compliance with new elevator regulations consists of four options that allow the overhaul work to be apportioned to minimize the amount of continuous downtime. Depending on the type of building, the desired work duration, or the customer's budget, the customers are free to choose INTRODUCTION


A monetary union raises new economic questions about the interpretation and the implications of high current account de…cits for the economic performance of its members in the medium term. Recent literature has argued that conventional measures of external sustainability are misleading because they omit capital variations on net foreign asset positions. In this paper we analyze external sustainability making use of the database developed by Lane and Milesi-Ferretti (2007a) that incudes these valuation e¤ects. The sample period studied covers from the launching of the monetary integration process in Europe (the creation of the "European Snake" in 1972) up to 2007. The econometric methodology used accounts for the increasing cross-section dependence among EMU countries as well as possible structural breaks endogenously determined. The results point to the need of abrupt adjustments, either led by the markets or promoted by pro-active policy measures in order to o¤set external disequilibria. The lack of these timely interventions together with the rigidities and institutional imperfections of the present EMU are on the ground of the excessive cost in terms of growth and employment of the current crisis. Keywords: Current account imbalances, EMU, panel stationarity, structural breaks, crosssection dependence JEL codes: F32, F41, C23 M. Camarero and C. Tamarit gratefully acknowledge the …nancial support from the MICINN CICYT coordinated projects ECO2008-05908 CO2-01 and 02 respectively; J.L. Carrion-i-Silvestre has bene…ted from the CICYT project ECO2008-06241/ECON. Cecilio Tamarit is also a member of the Research Group of Excellence on Economic Integration INTECO, awarded with a Generalitat Valenciana Prometeo action 2009/098. This paper has been developed within the research network SOLVEX, funded by MICINN. The authors gratefully acknowledge Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti who provided them with his database on external wealth. yCorresponding author: Department of Applied Economics II, University of Valencia, PO Box 22006, E-46071 Valencia (Spain). Phone: +34963828349. Fax: +34963828354. e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; http://www.uv.es/~tamac


Harvesting water from air is one of the key environmental related issues facing humanity in recent years. In this study, we demonstrate that tha Ni-IRMOF74-III metal–organic framework structure att...


qr_mumps is a parallel, direct solver for sparse linear systems based on the multifrontal QR factorization. Parallelism is achieved using a Sequential Task Flow (STF) programming model on top of the StarPU runtime system. In this talk we will show how STF parallelism can be applied to a sparse, direct solver and how the use of a modern runtime system allows for the portable and efficient implementation of complex algorithms that can improve its performance and scalability as well as its memory consumption. The effectiveness of this approach will be assessed through experimental results on multicore, manycore (Intel Knights Landing) and hybrid (multicore+GPU) platforms.


Impact of optical filter response on pulse circulation limit in fiber ring with frequency shifter and EDFA is clarified. The results are applicable to optical packet buffers, wavelength converters, pulsed lightwave frequency sweepers with ring.


In order to realize the orbit switch of digital agriculture platform between two mutually vertical orbits and to satisfy the platform's work precision, the orbit switch system design proposal for digital agriculture platform is introduced in this paper: using PLC as the controller, examining position signal by the electro-optical sensor, and the electromagnetic brake organization and the electromagnetism lock mechanism had designed. Orbit switch function of the platform is achieved through the control procedure. The hardware components and control flow graph of the system are given out on the basis of analyzing satisfaction for orbit switch system


The article attempts to identify the impact of the state of food samples, their complexity, size, and homogeneity of weighed amounts, the level of enrichment, as well as the conditions used for mineralization on the recovery coefficients of the test substance. The research conducted by the FAAS technique on samples of food belonging to seven different groups of food products showed a relationship between the type of matrix used, the size of the sample, the level of enrichment, and mineralization conditions and the designated recovery coefficients. Average values of the coefficients set for the recovery among analyzed matrices were most similar for calcium, and the most divergent in the case of sodium. Among the analyzed samples of food raw, meat was the matrix for which the average values of coefficients determined for the recovery of all elements had similar value. The lowest average balanced level of recovery was observed for raw milk.


Evans syndrome (ES) is an autoimmune disease characterized by concurrent or sequential occurrence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immune thrombocytopenia and less frequently autoimmune neutropenia. ES is a rare situation that represents up to 7% of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) and around 2% of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). The syndrome is characterized by a chronic, relapsing, and potentially fatal course requiring long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Treatment is based on corticosteroids and immunoglobulin injections depending on how the disease begins. Second-line treatment for refractory ES includes rituximab, mofetil mycophenolate, cyclosporine, vincristine, azathioprine, sirolimus and thrombopoietin receptor agonists. This syndrome often occurs with other autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), and autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS).


Received for publication January 27, 1947. From the 2nd Medical Laboratory, U. S. Army. * Present address: Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 1. Jacoby, A. H., Loudon, J. R., Wyne, P. S., and Failmezger, T. R. 1945, The diarrhea problem in a New Guinea Base. Bull. U. S. Army Med. Dept., 86: 70. 2. Finerman, W. R., and Weiss, J. E. 1944, Control of bacillary dysentery in a tropical outpost. Bull. U. S. Army Med. Dept., 81: 71. 3. Dunham, C. D., and Gillespie, W. H. 1944, Diarrheal diseases in U. S. troops in Belgian Congo. Bull.U.S. Army Med. Dept., 78: 76. 4. Cheever, F. S. 1946, Dysentery outbreak aboard naval vessels in San Pedro Bay, Philippine Islands. U. S. Navy Med. Bull. 46:479. 5. MacLennan, J. D. 1945, The non-mannitol fermenting dysentery bacilli. Jour. Path, and Bact. 57:307.


The paper surveys the donors and their gifts to the Lyceum or Imperial Reference Library. The gifts are entered as separate collections, recorded in the oldest volume of accession books (till 1860) or cited in the Geschichte der Entstehung und Verwaltung der k. k. Studien-Bibliothek in Laibach [History of the Imperial Reference Library in Ljubljana] by Konrad Stefan. In addition to the individuals and institutions recorded by name in the sources, we seek to identify unnamed donors as well, examining the information on the previous owners as available in the donated books. There follows an analysis of the share represented by the gifts, of their contents and their significance for the development of the former Lyceum or reference library in Ljubljana until 1860.


The atomic cascade in kaonic hydrogen and deuterium has been studied in the extended standard cascade model. We discuss predictions of K x–ray yields in relation to experimental data and the prospects for future experiments.


The rapid progress of wireless communications and embedded micro‐electro‐system technologies has made wireless sensor networks (WSN) very popular and even become part of our daily life. WSNs design are generally application driven, namely a particular application's requirements will determine how the network behaves. However, the natures of WSN have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its linear scalability, a small software footprint, low hardware implementation cost, low bandwidth requirement, and high device performance. It is noted that today's software applications are mainly characterized by their component‐based structures which are usually heterogeneous and distributed, including the WSNs. But WSNs typically need to configure themselves automatically and support as hoc routing. Agent technology provides a method for handling increasing software complexity and supporting rapid and accurate decision making. This paper based on our previous works [1, 2], three contributions have mad...


FIELD: organic chemistry, medicine, endocrinology, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to compounds of the formula (1) or its pharmaceutical salts wherein A means R 1 means hydrogen atom (H), (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl (including branched alkyl and cycloalkyl), -(CH 2 ) a NHW 1 , -(CH 2 ) b COW 2 , -(CH 2 ) c OW 3 , -CH(Me)OW 4 , -(CH 2 ) d -C 6 H 4 -W 5 , -(CH 2 ) e SW 6 wherein a = 2-5; b = 1-4; c = 1-2; d = 1-2; e = 1-3; W 1 means -COW 6 , -CO 2 W 6 , -SO 2 W 6 ; W 2 means -OH, -NH 2 , -OW 6 , -NHW 6 ; W 3 means hydrogen atom (H), W 6; W 4 means H, W 6 ; W 5 means H, -OH, -OMe; W 6 means (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, benzyl, optionally substituted phenyl wherein optional substitutes (up to two groups) are taken among (C 1 -C 3 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 3 )-alkoxy-group, fluorine (F) and/or chloride (Cl) atoms; R 2 means H, -(CH 2 ) n NH-C 5 H 3 N-Y wherein n = 2-4; Y means H, F, Cl atoms, -NO 2 and -CN; or R 1 and R 2 represent in common -(CH 2 ) p - wherein p = 3 or 4; X is taken among: (i) one L-alpha-aminoacyl group taken among Ala, Arg, Asn, Asp, Cys, Gln, Glu, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr and Val, or two such groups that represent Arg and Ile; (ii) groups -R 3 CO wherein R 3 represents H, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl (including branched alkyl and cycloalkyl) or phenyl; (iii) groups -R 4 COOC, -(R 5 )(R 6 )OCO wherein R 4 means H, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl (including branched alkyl and cycloalkyl), benzyl or optionally substituted phenyl wherein substituted (up to two groups) are taken among (C 1 -C 3 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 3 )-alkoxy-group, F and Cl atoms; each R 5 and R 6 means independently H or (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl; or R 5 and R 6 mean in common -(CH 2 ) m - wherein m means a whole number 4-6; and (iv) methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl and benzyloxycarbonyl groups; R 7 is taken among pyridyl and optionally substituted phenyl wherein substitutes (up to two groups) are taken among (C 1 -C 3 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 3 )-alkoxy-group, F, Cl atoms, -NO 2 , -CN and -CO 2 H; R 8 means H or (C 1 -C 3 )-alkyl; R 9 means H, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, phenyl or (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy-group and under condition that indicated compound doesn't represent N(Z-Val)-2-cyanopyrrolidine. Compounds of the formula (1) are inhibitors of DP-IV and can be used in pharmaceutical compositions in treatment of the tolerance disturbances to glucose and diabetes mellitus of type 2. EFFECT: valuable medicinal properties of compounds and compositions. 26 cl, 2 tbl, 19 ex


The article is dedicated to the issue of pediatric mortality at the Moscow Imperial Orphanage founded on September 1, 1763, by decree of Empress Catherine II. The authors present results of an analysis of medical statistical data and give an objective assessment of the medical service provided by the Moscow Orphanage in order to understand the positive or the negative role of the Orphanage in the preservation of children's lives. The stated data do not confirm a myth of the Orphanage being a "factory of angels". Despite high pediatric mortality observed in the active period of the Moscow Imperial Orphanage, the doctors succeeded in saving hundreds of thousands of the children left for dead. The care of poor infants and preservation of their lives played an important role in the development of medical care and social welfare of the pediatric population of Russia.


Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) refers to the most malignant and prevalent type of glioma and thus is aptly named. GBMs are molecularly heterogeneous despite histologic similarities with other GBMs [1]. It is precisely this "multi-form" heterogeneity which hinders therapeutic advancement. Despite decades of research, overall survival (OS) remains abysmal at ~15 months from date of surgical diagnosis [2].


This deliverable presents restricted variants of the OWL Lite, DL and Full species of the OWL ontology language, called OWL Lite−, OWL DL− and OWL Full−, respectively. OWL Lite− and OWL DL− are strict subsets of OWL Lite and OWL DL. They are limited in such a way that there exists a translation from both languages directly into dunction-free logic programs, i.e., Datalog. Thus, any OWL Lite− or OWL DL− ontology can be translated into Datalog. An ontology language for which a translation to Datalog exists has several advantages. Most notably, it can benefit from long-term research in the field of deductive databases resulting in highly optimized query answering engines, and allows for easy implementation of a rule and a query language on top of the ontology. It turns out that most current ontologies fall inside the fragments defined by OWL Lite− or OWL DL−. We describe the restrictions on the OWL Lite abstract syntax and provide an analysis of the features of OWL Lite, which are not included in OWL Lite−, and give a rationale for not including them in the language. We present the RDF syntax and the model-theoretic semantics for OWL Lite− and relate OWL Lite− with RDFS. It turns out that there are features in OWL DL, which can still be included in the language, while still allowing for efficient query answering. Therefore, we present extensions of OWL Lite− in order to create OWL DL−, together with its abstract syntax and model-theoretic semantics. Then, the in our view most useful feature of OWL Full, the possibility to treat classes as instances, can also be translated to a positive Datalog program. We describe a (Datalog subset of) F-Logic based extension of OWL DL− to create OWL Full−. The overall goal of OWL− is not necessarily to serve as an independent ontology language but rather to define a maximal subset of the original OWL variants which does not fall outside a logic programming framework in order to allow for a straight-forward combination with rule languages. We believe that the OWL− subset of OWL can serve as a starting point for a more usable Web Ontology language and extensions in various directions which tackle some of the limitations of OWL outlined in this deliverable: Extensions of OWL Full− include the addition of Datatypes and Database-like constraints which are discussed in more detail in Deliverable 20.3 of WSMO [de Bruijn et al.,


It is assumed that the QSOs are at cosmological distances as indicated by their emission-line redshifts. It is further assumed, as indicated by present evidence, that none of the 21 QSOs with emission-line redshifts, z e , of 2.0 ± 0.1 (or of the 30 with z e = 2.0 ± 0.2) is screened by an intervening normal galaxy. The simplest conclusion from these data is, then, that the screening probability must be less than 0.08 (or 0.06) at z e = 2.0. This, in turn, restricts allowable cosmological models in the (σ 0 , q 0 ) diagram by providing lower limits for s 0 as a function of q 0 . One can also rank cosmological models in order of the probability that there be no screening of the 21 (or 30) objects. In either case the steady state model ranks higher than the general relativity models found by Peach to give the best fit in the ( m – z ) diagram.


Using ANSYS finite element analysis software,this paper analyzes the statics of a transparent flume.The steel structure supported transparent flume is designed according to the calculated stress and deformation and relevant standards.The practical use shows that the flume structure is stable and well sealed.


The self-entrepreneurship has become an important means of employment after graduation from university.However,the lack of professional expertise,practical experience and social experience,causes that college students encounter a lot of frustrations in seeking employment.Mushroom cultivation study is a very practical course.In order to improve students' self-entrepreneurship,we boldly reform the teaching practice.By training students in practical ability,and mastering a technical expertise,we can train the college students' ability and awareness of entrepreneurship,and lay the foundation for their future business success.


Abstract The work deals with a thermodynamic analysis of finned liquid-gas cross-flow heat exchangers. Analyzing such devices, it is important to determine the heat transfer coefficients on the liquid and the gas side. The analysis basic problem is determination of the of the heat transfer coefficient from the finned surfaces to the flowing gas due to a non-uniform flow of gas through the exchanger. The form and the scope of the gas inflow maldistribution were determined experimentally for two different fins, cross-flow heat exchangers with elliptical tubes. Six Nusselt number correlations were selected and were used to calculate the heat transfer coefficients for measured data. The values of heat transfer coefficient were also computed based on numerical simulations using numerical models of repetitive fragments of the tested heat exchangers. The Wilson plot method was also used. The heat transfer coefficient values were put into an in-house computer code and the experiments were simulated numerically. The comparison of experimental and computational data makes it possible to evaluate different methods of the heat transfer coefficient determination. The simplest Berman correlation for the Nusselt number as well as the computational fluid dynamics based approach gave the best results.


We have developed an integrated voice analyzer (IVA) using DSP (TMS32010) to achieve high‐speed acoustic analyses of a sustained vowel. A personal computer connected to the IVA is employed as the man‐machine interface as well as to display and save various analysis results. The IVA has many functions, such as detecting vocal noise by an adaptive comb filter, measuring period and amplitude perturbation quotients, calculating DFT spectra and LPC coefficients, etc. The results are stored into a disk file to do statistical analysis or to perform further analyses. This system provides an interactive acoustic analysis method for quantitative evaluations of the pathological voice arising in various voice research and clinical areas. We describe an application of the IVA for the clinical screening system for pathological voices, where hoarseness grade (HG) of a voice can be obtained from five sustained phonations. [Work supported by a Japanese Grant‐in‐Aid for Scientific Research.]


In many famous architectural works, it is the structure and materiality of the building that manifest the project's innovation. In such works, the structural system of the building becomes the primary form of expression. Ergo, the ability to understand the principles of structural engineering and design, and the motivation to experiment with new types of structures and materials are invaluable assets for both architects and structural engineers. Towards this goal, a series of elective courses (Shell structures, Glass structures, Bridge Design) have been integrated in the curriculum of the MSc of Building Technology at the Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment (BK) and of the MSc of Building Engineering at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences (CiTG) at TU Delft. Aim is to bridge the gap between architects and structural engineers. Each of these courses lasts 10 weeks and focuses on the design, engineering, calculation and materialization of a different type of structure. This paper will discuss the set-up, learning objectives, methodology and output of the "Technoledge-Glass Structures"(BK) and the "Structural Glass" (CiTG) courses. Aim of these parallel courses is to effectively teach students, of both architectural and civil engineering backgrounds, how to design, engineer and evaluate the behaviour of structures made entirely out of glass elements and how to tackle problems related to the practical aspects of a construction.


With the development of computer technology, computer-assisted design is gradually used in artistic design and is playing an increasingly important role. This paper introduces some views concerning how to cultivate thinking ability for design through some effective methods.


This paper reports the automatic extraction of eleven negative symptoms of schizophrenia from patient medical records. The task offers a range of difficulties depending on the consistency and complexity with which mental health professionals describe each. In order to reduce the cost of system development, rapid prototypes are built with minimal adaptation and configuration of existing software, and additional training data is obtained by annotating automatically extracted symptoms for which the system has low confidence. The system was further improved by the addition of a manually engineered rule based approach. Rule-based and machine learning approaches are combined in various ways to achieve the optimal result for each symptom. Precisions in the range of 0.8 to 0.99 have been obtained.


Abstract This study aims at finding out the correlation between learning outcomes in music theory subject and percussion instrument practice subject in the Department of Drama, Dnace and Music Arts. This quantitative research used a correlational method involving two variables, i.e. the learning outcomes of music theory subject and the learning outcomes percussion instrument practice subject. The population in this study was the students of Department of Drama, Dance and Music Arts, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Padang whi took Music Theory subject in the even semester of 2017-18 academic calendar. Meanwhile, the sample in this study was the students of the Department of Drama, Dance and Music Arts who took the Percussion Instrument Practice subject in the even semester of 2018-19 academic calendar. The data of this study were documentation of the students' learning outcomes in music theory and percussion instrument practice subjects which were processed using the Pearson product moment correlation test method. The results of data analysis showed that the value of the correlation test was 0.1013 or 10.13%. This coefficient value was based on the interpretation of the coefficient values in the range 0.00 – 0.19, indicating that the level of correlation between music theory subject and percussion instrument subject was very weak. Using a significance test with an error level of 5%, the results of the hypothesis testing showed that rcount ˂ rtable, indicating that Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. This means that there is a correlation between the learning outcomes of music theory subject in its application to the practice of percussion instrument, but in a very weak level.Keywords: relationships, learning outcomes, basic music theory, percussion instruments


Constructing service-type government is a due basic character and one among being sought value aims of the people's government.Law of Civil Servant puts forward new requires to civil servant to realize this aim from both serve the people heart and soul and improve work efficiency.


The present invention discloses a method and containing tiadinil strobilurin fungicidal compositions, germicidal compositions containing the active ingredient A and active ingredient B, the active ingredient is selected from A tiadinil, the active ingredient B any one of compound: kresoxim-methyl, azoxystrobin, kresoxim-pyrazole, trifloxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, picoxystrobin, kresoxim-phenyl, dimoxystrobin, metominostrobin esters, SYP esters, pyraoxystrobin, by weight of active ingredient a and active ingredient B is from 1︰70 ~ 70︰1. The composition of the present invention have a high variety of crops on the activity of various diseases, and has obvious synergistic effect, expanded spectrum sterilization. And has a small dosage, rainfastness, synergistic distinctive features.


This paper provides analysis of the primary and secondary factors affecting the bearing capacity of the coastal saline soil by the method of grey correlation, and carries on the analysis and verification of the main factors affecting the bearing capacity of the coastal saline soil. It also points out that the method of grey relational analysis is a research method as the basis of qualitative to quantitative analysis. With intuitive, factor analysis, the results are reliable considering the bearing capacity of coastal saline soil in the comprehensive evaluation.


Compositionally heterogeneous basaltic centers from a variety of tectonic environments, including Pisgah Crater in the Mojave Desert region of California, exhibit secular changes in their chemistry that might be explained by the sequential melting of ultramafic to mafic mantle sources. We have analyzed phenocrysts from alkali basalts and hawaiites erupted at Pisgah Crater to investigate the effects of open-system modifications imposed on basaltic systems. We present Sr/Sr data for individual phenocrysts of amphibole and clinopyroxene and the first published results of single olivine grains, in addition to plagioclase. Each mineral phase exhibits a range in Sr isotope composition that may only partially overlap the isotopic composition of the other mineral phases, suggesting an interplay between two magmatic end-members that continued up to the time of eruption. Limited Sr/Sr variability in minerals from early and intermediate lavas indicates only moderate syn-crystallization open-system modification, whereas minerals in late-erupted lavas have much higher Sr/Sr, consistent with extensive opensystem modification. Rimward increases in Sr/Sr of plagioclase confirm that these changes occurred within the stability field of plagioclase and, therefore, at crustal or near-crustal depths. The major element compositions of olivine-hosted melt inclusions indicate that an Al-rich component of andesitic composition ( Sr/Sr 0 7056), possibly derived from plagioclase-rich cumulates or pelites, was assimilated by magma generated from asthenosphere or young lithosphere with Sr/Sr 0 7038. The results clearly demonstrate the utility of measuring the Sr/Sr of individual minerals and indicate that Pisgah Crater basalts probably acquired isotopically enriched geochemical signatures from crustal contamination, rather than from mixing of heterogeneous mantle melts.


Summary (1) Intraprostatic deposits of 20-methylcholanthrene crystals induced three types of prostatic neoplasms in the ventral lobes of the Wistar rat's prostate gland: adenocarcinoma (2%), leiomyosarcomas (3%) and squamous cell carcinomas (30.3%). The squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas metastasized. (2) A detailed account of the distribution of invasion and/or metastases of these prostatic tumors to various organs are presented as well as an account on the growth characteristics of transplantable squamous cell carcinomas.


Requirements for AUVs' operation in mine warfare generally lead to two different specifications: one would ask for a long endurance and therefore large vehicle with high value sonars, navigation systems, obstacle avoidance system and additional environmental sensors. This AUV is designed for discrete survey of large areas and for automatic detection and classification of mine like objects. The other one would be for a very small and cheap vehicle (eventually expendable) dedicated to short identification or neutralization operations and with a low level of autonomy and navigation accuracy. A common solution is to design something in between but then adding the drawbacks of the two approaches. Another concept is to do the first operation with a large vehicle and then deploy a smaller one when the support vessel is getting closer. Time delay and risk are the main disadvantages in that case. The Remora concept is to use the large AUV for detection and classification and as the carrying vessel of the small one. Once a mine like object is detected and classified by the large AUV's sonar, the small AUV is then deployed for identification.


Vaccine campaigns are currently underway worldwide to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The newly developed vaccines are highly effective with minimal adverse effects. Recently, the AstraZeneca vaccine has raised public alarm with concerns regarding the rare, but serious, development of thrombotic events, now known as vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). These thrombotic events appear similar to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), both clinically and pathologically. In this manuscript, the ISTH SSC Subcommittee on Platelet Immunology outlines guidelines on how to recognize, diagnose and manage patients with VITT.


Abstract Artifacts related to the Cody complex occur in medium-grained sand that is spread as a blanket eolian deposit a few feet thick in the Claypool site area, Washington County, Colorado. The artifact-bearing sand lacks noticeable dunal topography and lies unconformably on marl of Yarmouth age and on waterlaid coarse sand and fine gravel of Kansan age that underlie the marl. The deposits underlying the artifact-bearing sand are much too old to date the artifacts precisely, but the physical characteristics of the artifact-bearing sand suggest that it was deposited under conditions cool and dry, rather than warm and dry, possibly during retreat of Valders ice that began about 10,000 years ago. A moderately mature Brown Soil about 5 feet thick developed on the sand, possibly about 7000 to 5000 years ago during a moist phase of the Thermal Maximum. Thus, the artifacts are possibly 10,000 to 7000 years old. Deposits which overlie the artifact-bearing sand reflect several episodes of erosion and sedimentation that are inferred to represent climatic changes.


ABSTRACT This is an overview of polymer coating technology, which is a way for altering surface properties to meet performance requirement in variety of technical applications. Polymer coatings have been utilized for purposes of adhesion, barrier properties, scratch and abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, wettability, biocompatibility, etc. Different approaches have been developed and adopted for fabrication of protective organic coatings. A judicious choice of polymer, coating technique, and fabrication parameters may lead to high performance coatings with upgraded properties. Recently, polymer coatings have been successfully and frequently adopted for solar cell, lithium-sulfur batteries, membrane technology, Light-Emitting Diode, corrosion protection, packaging, and biomedical.


Since the Goos-Hanchen (GH) effect is the displacement of the totally reflected beam at a dielectric interface from the position prediction by geometrical reflection, the concept of GH displacement is applicable only when the reflected beam retains the shape of the geometrically reflected or incident beam. The necessary and sufficient condition has been advanced for the totally reflected beam to retain the shape of the incident beam. Numerical simulations have been performed to confirm this condition. It has been shown that the GH displacement results from the mechanism of beam reshaping due to the linear dependence of the reflection phase shift upon the parallel component of the wave vector, in the interval in which the angular spectral distribution function of the incident beam is appreciable.


In this study, the SCC behaviour and mechanism of E690 steels with different heat treatments were investigated in artificial seawater by slow strain rate test, surface analysis technique and potentiodynamic polarization curve test. The results show that the SCC behaviour of E690 steel is mainly controlled by anodic dissolution, and the steels after tempering show the high SCC susceptibilities because of the high corrosion current densities. As the cathodic potential negatively decreases to -850 mV, the SCC susceptibility of base metal decreases; however, the SCC susceptibilities of the steels after tempering increase. At -1050 mV, the SCC susceptibilities of the steels with different heat treatments increase. And the SCC susceptibilities of the steels after tempering are higher than those of base metal at various potentials. The phenomenon is related to the high hydrogen embrittlement susceptibilities of the steels after tempering compared to that of the base metal.


Based on recent experience from the Jakarta traffic management study the author examines the problems posed by the heavy use of small para-transit vehicles in a different way. Rather than repeat the much voiced arguments put by the free market economists concerning the benefits resulting from the use of a non-subsidised public transport mode, the author draws attention to the differing performance of small and large public transport vehicles in terms of utilisation of road space per passenger, and identifies the likely costs to other road users brought about by the proliferation of the smallest para-transit vehicles. The paper goes on to identify the heavy impact of high volumes of smaller public transport vehicles on road capacity and hence on the public transport problem in particular. Reference is made to a wide range of survey results which include routes carrying peak flows of up to 500-600 para-transit vehicles per hour. Conclusions are drawn concerning a more appropriate public transport service hierarchy by vehicle type for use in such cities as Jakarta. (Author/TRRL)


In this paper a new mechanism is proposed for the generation of phonocardiogram (PCG) sounds from implanted mechanical prosthetic heart valves. The structures in the chest, the heart, its partitions, and major vessels, constitute a frequency selective system excited by the rapidly decelerating valve occluder. It is shown that the source, the rapidly decelerating valve, has a wide and flat power spectrum and hence is an impulsive excitation that couples energy to the resonance modes specified by the structures in the chest. Consequently, the PCG signal is composed of decaying sinusoids. The parameters of the decaying sinusoids are estimated, and it is observed that the power spectra of the PCG signals have two dominant peaks in the frequency band of 200-500 Hz. The energy coupled to these two modes depends on the state of the valve. With thrombus the decelerating occluder slows down and becomes a broader pulse concentrating the energy to the lower resonance mode. This is verified by experiments on 30 patients during postoperative time course. However, no significant change in the resonance frequencies are observed which is an evidence for their anatomical and not valvular dependence.


Having a self-excited oscillation driver IC ballast resonant inverter power the gas discharge lamp and darkening. In order to secure stable operation of the inverter in the above resonance frequency, the feedback circuit with the resonant load variation is automatically adjusted IC oscillator frequency. The feedback signal from the resonant inverter output voltage derived, in particular by attenuating the programming phase shift is introduced and the resulting signal to the timing circuit of the IC. An active feedback circuit comprises an inverter circuit connected in series or passive RC phase boost network. Phase feedback signal is achieved by the variable RC network is used for ballast control - in a transient mode of operation of the lamp.


Over the past two decades the benefits of biosensor analysis have begun to make an impact in the market, and systems are beginning to be used as mainstream research tools in many laboratories1,2. Biosensors are devices that use biological or chemical receptors to detect analytes in a sample.They give detailed information on the binding affinity, and in many cases also the binding kinetics of an interaction.Typically, the receptor molecule must be connected in some way to a transducer that produces an electrical signal in real-time. Labelfree biosensors do not require the use of reporter elements (fluorescent, luminescent, radiometric, or colorimetric) to facilitate measurements. Detailed information on an interaction can be obtained during analysis while minimising sample processing requirements and assay run times3. Unlike label- and reporter-based technologies that simply confirm the presence of the detector molecule, label-free techniques can provide direct information on analyte binding to target molecules typically in the form of mass addition or depletion from the surface of the sensor substrate, or measuring changes in the heat capacity of a sample4. However, these technologies have failed to gain widespread acceptance due to technical constraints, low throughput, high user expertise requirements, and cost.While they can be powerful tools in the hands of a skilled user evaluating purified samples, they are not readily adapted to every day lab use where simple to understand results on high numbers of samples are the norm.This article seeks to address some of the issues surrounding the un-met needs in the market place, and the difficulties faced by technology developers in meeting these needs with innovative products. It also reviews recent entries from newer technology developers who are in the race to release products for primary and secondary drug screening, mode of action studies, and screening of pharmacokinetic properties.


From the M1-E2 mixing of the 111.93 keV transition which connects the 1622.41 keV 5 + and 1510.48 keV 4 + levels in 156 Gd the former level is established to be a rotational state built on the latter. The upper limits of the magnitude of M1 component of the 262.54 and 267.07 keV transitions from the 1510.48 and 1622.41 keV levels are obtained to be q (M1)≤2.0% and 6.5%, respectively. These values together with the M1-E2 mixings of other transitions de-exciting the two levels are discussed.


The author studies the features of the reforming activity of Peter I on the basis of borrowing European traditions in the field of education and culture. Their influence on the change in the spiritual and cultural values of the Russian society is shown


To presents results of various open surgical techniques for parastomal hernia repair.

 Between January 2014 and January 2020, 22 patients with parastomal hernias were treated by three various operative techniques: a) stoma relocation using component separation techniques (CST); b) modified Rives sublay mesh technique with CST; c) modified Sugarbaker intraperitoneal composite mesh repair with or withouth CST. Stoma relocation and CST was performed in two patients, modified Rives sublay technique and CST in 15 patients and modified Sugarbaker technique with or without CST in five patients.

 Hernia recurrence was developed in one of two patients treated by stoma relocation and CST and in two of 15 patients treated by modified Rives sublay mesh technique and CST. In five patients treated by modified Sugarbaker technique no complications occured. Mean follow up was 28 months.

 Modified Rives sublay technique with CST and modified Sugarbaker technique with or withouth CST provide good results in treatment of patients with parastomal hernia.


A novel dimeric diarylheptanoid, (5R,5′R)-7,7′-(6,6′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethoxy[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,3′-diyl)bis[5-methoxy-1-phenylheptan-3-one] (1), and two new diarylheptanoids, (4E,6R)-6-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylhept-4-en-3-one (2) and (4E,6R)-6-hydroxy-1,7-diphenylhept-4-en-3-one (3), together with seven known diarylheptanoids, were isolated from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum. Their structures were elucidated by application of extensive spectroscopic analyses and the modified Mosher method.


A TAPE OF FIXING ADHESIVE COMPOSITE AND A tape system for interconnecting SURFACES PRINTED, INCLUDING A MAIN PART OF FILM PRINTED (2) WITH LOGO (3) O SIMBOLO or similar DEFINED SURFACE RELIEF AND COVERED IN AN AREA WITH ADHESIVE; SYSTEM tape includes a portion of white film (4), white film which is decorated optionally with numbers, letters, patterns, shapes or figures COLOR (6).


The present research examines the influence of pre-service teachers' professional development (PD) program in metacognitive skills on their practice of these skills in a mobile technologies environment. Twenty-four pre-service teachers participated in the PD program. The data was collected from the pre-service teachers' texts for activities solutions, as well as from their Edmodo discussion. We analyzed the data using the constant comparative method. The research results indicate that at the beginning, the pre-service teachers did not use such skills, but, because of the preparation, they started using these skills as learners, where this use utilized the mobile technologies. In a later phase, the pre-service teachers used these skills as teachers to encourage their students to use metacognitive skills collaboratively.


In this paper,an optimal preview controller design method for a type of nonlinear discrete-time control systems is proposed.Firstly,based on the idea of the direct control method of nonlinear control system,the part of nonlinear feedback is taken as the formal input in order to make the nonlinear system into a"formal"linear system.Then,for this linear system,an optimal preview controller is designed by using the basic methods in the optimal preview control.Finally,by the application of the relationship between the formal input and actual input,the optimal preview controller for the nonlinear discrete-time system is obtained.It is also proved that the close-loop system is asymptotically stable if the formal linear system satisfies the stabilization and detectable conditions.The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.


The article deals with the data concerning creation of a normative document a protocol of management of patients suffering from bronchial asthma, to contain the appropriate requirements for prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of children with bronchial asthma, as exemplified by one model of a patient involved. Creating clinical protocols is an indispensable element of the process of standardization in public health care, aimed at ensuring easily available and high-quality medical care for children.


Background Nipah virus (NiV) is a member of the genus Henipavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae, characterized by high pathogenicity and endemic in South Asia, first emerged in Malaysia in 1998. The case-fatality varies from 40% to 70% depending on the severity of the disease and on the availability of adequate healthcare facilities. At present no antiviral drugs are available for NiV disease and the treatment is just supportive. Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic infection to fatal encephalitis. Bats are the main reservoir for this virus, which can cause disease in humans and animals. The last investigated NiV outbreak has occurred in May 2018 in Kerala. Objective This study aims to predict effective epitope-based vaccine against glycoprotein G of Nipah henipavirus using immunoinformatics approaches. Methods and Materials Glycoprotein G of Nipah henipavirus sequence was retrieved from NCBI. Different prediction tools were used to analyze the nominee's epitopes in BepiPred-2.0: Sequential B-Cell Epitope Predictor for B-cell, T-cell MHC class II & I. Then the proposed peptides were docked using Autodock 4.0 software program. Results and Conclusions Peptide TVYHCSAVY shows a very strong binding affinity to MHC I alleles while FLIDRINWI shows a very strong binding affinity to MHC II and MHC I alleles. This indicates a strong potential to formulate a new vaccine, especially with the peptide FLIDRINWI that is likely to be the first proposed epitope-based vaccine against glycoprotein G of Nipah henipavirus. This study recommends an in-vivo assessment for the most promising peptides especially FLIDRINWI.


Background: Vocal fold polyps (VFP) are a common cause of voice disorders and laryngeal discomfort. They are usually treated by behavioral voice therapy (VT) or phonosurgery, or a combination (CT) of both. However, the superiority of either of these treatments has not been clearly established. Methods: Three databases were searched from inception to October 2022 and a manual search was performed. All clinical trials of VFP treatment were included that reported at least auditory–perceptual judgment, aerodynamics, acoustics, and the patient-perceived handicap. Results: We identified 31 eligible studies (VT: n = 47–194; phonosurgery: n = 404–1039; CT: n = 237–350). All treatment approaches were highly effective, with large effect sizes (d > 0.8) and significant improvements in almost all voice parameters (p-values < 0.05). Phonosurgery reduced roughness and NHR, and the emotional and functional subscales of the VHI-30 were the most compared to behavioral voice therapy and combined treatment (p-values < 0.001). Combined treatment improved hoarseness, jitter, shimmer, MPT, and the physical subscale of the VHI-30 more than phonosurgery and behavioral voice therapy (p-values < 0.001). Conclusions: All three treatment approaches were effective in eliminating vocal fold polyps or their negative sequelae, with phonosurgery and combined treatment providing the greatest improvement. These results may inform future treatment decisions for patients with vocal fold polyps.


on November 25, 1965, after a full-term pregnancy. This was the third pregnancy of the 42-year-old mother and the second live-born infant of healthy, unrelated Japanese parents. The baby's condition at birth was only moderately satisfactory in that the Apgar score at one minute was 5 and at five minutes was 9. She improved after oxygen was administered and suction used to clear the airway. Examination revealed the following. The head


Objective: to characterize subthalamic neuronal activity in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, in comparison to patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and its relationship to the severity of obsessions and compulsions.
Background: modifications in the function and connectivity of the brain's corticostriatal systems have been reported in patients with OCD. However changes in the basal ganglia neuronal activity in the relation of severity of OCD have never been adequately elucidated.
Design/Methods: twelve patients with OCD and 12 patients with PD operated for subthalamic stimulation were included. Resting-state subthalamic single unit neuronal activity was recorded during surgery. Recorded neurons were located with precision and mapped according to the motor, associative and limbic subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus. Discharge frequency, pattern, bursting and oscillatory activities were characterized for each recorded neuron and compared between OCD and PD patients. Correlations with the severity of symptoms in OCD patients were explored.
Results: one hundred and thirty-seven subthalamic neurons were isolated and recorded in OCD patients and 173 subthalamic neurons in PD patients. Between groups, OCD patients had lower STN neuronal discharge frequency, with a similar fraction of subthalamic neurons exhibiting burst-type activity. Significant oscillatory activity was present in 46% and 68% of neurons in OCD and PD patients, respectively; predominantly in the low frequency band (1-8 Hz). In the OCD patients, abnormal neuronal activity was mainly observed in the associative-limbic part of the subthalamic nucleus. Additionally, OCD patients with more severe symptoms exhibited oscillatory activity.
Conclusions: heightened burst and low frequency oscillatory activities in the associative limbic subthalamic subdivision demonstrate its involvement in the pathophysiology of OCD.


This is a research development aimed to get a description of the effectiveness of the application of the Jurisprudential Inquiry model and to find out the various obstacles on its application for Civics learning in SMA 1 Kawangkoan. The used method is a classroom action research and data collection techniques are observation and documentation relating to the problem related to the study. The results show teaching and learning activities on Civics subject matter need to be developed by implementing innovative and effective models such as Jurisprudential Inquiry, and other relevant models. The application of the Jurisprudential Inquiry model, which was developed through three aspects, namely the scope of the problem, the attitude of the students and the aspects of the implementation of the assessment, was significantly effective and could improve the evaluation of the process of teaching civics rationally students felt there was satisfaction with the assumptions proposed.


Abstract How might the history of Ireland's revolution be reassessed if viewed within a transnational, comparative or global framework? Drawing attention to recent writing on the subject, this introduction considers the conceptual and historiographical issues at stake in reframing the history of the Irish Revolution, as well as considering potential limitations to these approaches. We assess what topics in particular lend themselves to a fresh perspective focusing on Irish nationalism, while also indicating areas where there is considerable scope for new lines of inquiry. In this era of intensive commemoration of the events that unfolded between 1912 and 1923, this special issue serves to remind us that the history of the revolution should not be confined to the island of Ireland. We argue that thinking transnationally and comparatively can promote a more inclusive and diverse global history of Irish Revolution.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and a device for setting a camera. The method comprises the steps of: obtaining a first world matrix of a central camera of a camera array; according to a distance between adjacent two cameras, determining a translation transformation matrix of a to-be-set camera; according to the first world matrix and the translation transformation matrix, calculating a second world matrix of the to-be-set camera; according to the distance between the adjacent two cameras, a view field angle of the central camera, and the distance from a zero-parallax plane of the camera array to a plane where the camera array is located, calculating an off-axis deviation degree of the to-be-set camera; and according to the second world matrix and the off-axis deviation degree, setting the to-be-set camera. By utilizing the method and the device disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the camera is set automatically, the camera does not need to be set manually, the setting time is reduced, and the camera setting efficiency is improved.