The search for new molecule-based magnets is a very active area in advanced materials, since they offer unique design possibilities, from a wise selection of the molecular building blocks, crystal structures exhibiting cooperative magnetism and even the combination of magnetism with a second property of interest. In the design and synthesis of heteropolynuclear complexes, as potentially new functional materials, an important role belongs to the oxalate ion, C2O42−, because of its various possibilities of coordination to metal centers as well as its ability to mediate magnetic interactions between paramagnetic metal ions. Stable mononuclear anionic oxalate complexes as tris(oxalato)metalate anions, [MIII(C2O4)3]3−, are often used as ligands toward another metal ion for the preparation of extended multifunctional systems. The most effective way to tune the magnetic properties of oxalate-based compounds is to act directly on the exchange pathways within the chains/layers. This can be done either by varying metal centres or by modifying the bridging oxalate ligand, by the use of larger bis(bidentate) bridging ligands as the dianion of 2, 5-dihydroxy-1, 4-benzoquinone (H2dhbq) and its derivatives (C6O4X22− = X2An2−). They show coordination modes similar to the oxalate group and present three additional advantages: (i) they are easy to modify or functionalize in order to tune the exchange coupling through them by simply changing the X group (X = H, F, Cl, Br, I, NO2, OH, CN, etc.) ; (ii) their modification does not affect their coordination mode ; (iii) they are able to provide an effective pathway for the exchange interaction. Also, in the 3, 6-dihalo derivates, halogen atom can play a multifuncional role, either at the electronic or at the supramolecular level, on the physical properties of supramolecular system arising from specific XB-oriented organizations. Thus, our recent (magneto)structural studies on oxalate-based metal complexes have been extended to the reactions of the similar, but more stretched, chloranilate dianion and transition metals [1, 2]. Applying the layering technique, using K3[Cr(C2O4)3]·3H2O and [(n-Bu)4N]3[Cr(Cl2An)3] as building blocks in reactions with CuCl2·H2O and 2, 2'-bipyridine, 1D heterometallic oxalate- and chloranilate-bridged {;[KCrCu2(C2O4)4(bpy)2]·H2O};n (1) and {;[(n-Bu)4N][CrCu(Cl2An)3(bpy)]};n (2) chains have been prepared and characterized, respectively.


RSA type public key cryptosystems based on the Pell's equation are proposed in the honor of an Indian mathematician Brahmgupta who studied Pell's equation long before European mathematicians came to know about it. Three RSA type schemes are proposed, first two are not semantically secure where as the other two schemes are semantically secure. The decryption speed of the proposed schemes is about two times as fast as RSA for a 2 log n-bit message. It is shown that the proposed schemes are more secure than the RSA scheme when purely common plaintexts are encrypted in the broadcast application and are as secure as the RSA scheme against ciphertext attack. In addition the proposed schemes are also secure against partially known plaintext attack. First two are not semantically secure but the third one is semantically secure.


Objective To investigate the effects of propofol or ketamine on BMP-2 expression in pudmonary arterioles in a rat model of acute lung injury ( ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) .Methods Sixty Wistar rats aged 6-7 weeks weighing 220-260 g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 10 animals in each group: groupⅠcontrol (C); groupⅡLPSs groupⅢpropofol 20 mg·kg-1 + LPS (P1); groupⅣpropofol 50 mg·kg-1 +LPS (P2); groupⅤketamine 20 mg·kg-1 + LPS (K1 ) and groupⅥketamine 50 mg·kg-1 + LPS (K2). ALI was induced by intravenous injection of LPS 1 mg·kg-1 in 2 ml of normal saline over 30 min. In the 4 pharmacological groups (groupⅢ,Ⅵ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ) different doses of propofol or ketamine was injected i. v. over 60 min followed by i.v. LPS. The animals were killed at 72 h after LPS. The lungs were immediately removed. The left lung was fixed with formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5μm thick and stained with HE or by immunohistochemical method. The right lung was frozen in liquid nitrogen for determination of BMP-2, Bax, Bcl-2 expression in pulmonary arterioles by Western blot and RT-PCR. The thickeness of tunica media of pulmonary arterioles was measured by microphotograph analysis system.Results BMP-2, Bax and Bcl-2 expression was detected in pulmonary artery in all groups. LPS induced significant decrease in BMP-2 and Bax mRNA and protein and significant increase in Bcl-2 protein expression in groupⅡ-Ⅵ. Propofol and ketamine attenuated the changes in BMP-2 mRNA, Bax mRNA and protein expression induced by LPS. The thickness of tunica media of pulmonary arterioles was significantly increased by LPS in groupⅡ-Ⅵand propofol and ketamine significantly reduced the LPS-induced thickness. Conclusion Intravenous propofol or ketamine can inhibit pulmonary vascular remodeling by LPS, down-regulation of Bcl-2 gene expression and up-regulation of BMP-2 and Bax gene expression may be involved in the mechanism.


A growing reliance upon mobile consumer devices over recent years has widened the gap between the degree of user trust in such devices and the level of information security that they provide. Foremost is the issue of theft: more expensive and technologically advanced devices are more likely to be stolen, smaller devices are more likely to be lost - and yet paradoxically both classes lead to greater adoption, and thus greater trust by users. Biometric information has long been promoted as a solution to many of the authentication and security needs in module consumer devices, and yet biometric sensors increase cost, size, weight, consume battery power and can reduce ease of use. Keypress biometrics, which includes typing biometrics, a technique that has seen much research but little adoption over the past decade, is ideally suited to mobile consumer devices such as mobile telephones due to its potential low implementation overheads. This paper considers keypress biometrics for such cases and presents a low-complexity statistical approach to the implementation of the method within an embedded system.


We report investigations on carrier capture and relaxation processes in undoped and modulation-doped InAs∕GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) by using time-resolved spectroscopy technique with a time resolution of ∼200fs. We find that carrier capture and relaxation in the ground state of the charged QD are faster compared to the undoped dots even at an excitation level as low as 1×1010cm−2. It is attributed to the triggering of the vibrating polarization field induced by the presence of cold carriers in the doped dots. The rate of an electron been captured by a positively charged QD is also calculated based on our proposed model.


Sizeable portion of world's electric power generation is being contributed by nonrenewable energy resources such as coal, gas, oil etc. The use of these fossil fuels results in increased emission of CO2 and other harmful gases in the atmosphere while the residues as a result of these fuels are mainly released into water. This results in several health related issues to human and other living bodies on earth as well as raises global warming issues. It is projected that world electricity demand is expected to grow more than 2% annually. The ever increasing demand for electric power in the face of global warming and health related issues in use of fossil fuel based power generation, demand for a paradigm shift towards the use of natural renewable resources based electricity generation e.g. using wind, solar, hydro, geothermal and bio-gas etc. The renewable energy based generation admits distributed or hybrid


Preliminary study and transcription of the surviving fragments of an expenditures' register of the Jewish community of Tarazona (1406-1407). The forty-two entries written in Aragonese aljamia deal with payments implemented by communal officers on different issues: fiscal disbursements, communal defence expenses and public debt, trial and execution of an informer, religious expenses (maintenance of buildings and charity institutions, officers' salaries, and payment of the Sukkot arba'ah minim ). Especially relevant are the references to dependence relations regarding the Saragossa Jewish community.


Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) is one of the measures adopted by International Maritime Organization (IMO) in June 2021 during the 76th session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) for the reduction of carbon intensity of international shipping, taking effect from January 1, 2023. The CII consists an operational rating system that measures the efficiency of a vessel in grams of CO2 by cargo carrying capacity in nautical miles (g CO2/t-nm). Starting with the pertinent data for 2019 as reference and with a reduction of 1% per annum from 2020 to 2022 and thereafter of 2% per annum from 2023 to 2026, each vessel's CII shall be calculated each year and a rating ranging from A to E will be assigned to the vessel. If a vessel gets a rating of D or E corrective actions will need to be implemented. Considering that the CII rating is affected by factors (such as, for example, the distance sailed, the fuel used, time in port, whether the vessel is loaded or ballast) that depend on operational and/or commercial considerations of the parties involved, vessels' chartering will be affected by way of the provisions in the charter party regarding the need to abide by the CII requirements as well as by any implications on vessel's employability prospects due to vessel's attained CII rating. Aim of this paper is to provide a concise, yet comprehensive, assessment on the topic and offer suggestions for further analysis.


Objective: To explore the expression of C-reactive protein(CRP) in colorectal cancer and its correlation to prognosis.Methods: The serum CRP level was detected by immune rate scattering turbidimetry,and the results were compared with healthy control group.The relationship between CRP level and clinicopathologic stage was analyzed.That whether preoperative or postoperative CRP expression was related to prognosis were evaluated.Results: The serum CRP level was dropped from(28.64±7.15) mg/L to(7.83± 1.03) mg/L after surgery(P0.05).The expression of CRP was related to T,N,M stages and differentiated degree(P0.05),but not age and gender(P0.05).The 5-year survival rates of preoperative higher and lower CRP expression were 79.17% and 95.24%(P0.05),and the results of postoperative CRP were 85.00% and 88.00%(P0.05).Conclusion: Colorectal cancer is closely related to the inflammatory response,and CRP plays an important role in the occurrence and development in this cancer.There is of a certain value of preoperative CRP levels in predicting the prognosis of the disease.


For the current shortcomings of elevator door control devices,an image recognition method for the elevator door control is presented for real-time detection of moving objects in the elevator door area.As there is the complex dynamic background and it is jammed easily by light in this area,the method achieves image binarization segmentation by Otsu's threshold segment method,and adopts inter-frame difference method for moving object recognition.A statistical double threshold value method is proposed to eliminate the inaccuracy error of door position.At last,an improved elevator door control method is presented.Experimental results show that the above method works well in the course of image recogmtion in the elevator door area.It provides a reliable guarantee for the improved elevator door control method.


Each woman took one tablet of 50 mg of ferrous sulphate daily in the case group (n = 370) or placebo in the control group (n = 357) throughout pregnancy. This should have read: Each woman took one ferrous sulphate tablet (150 g tablet, containing 50 mg of elemental iron) daily in the case group (n = 370) or placebo in the control group (n = 357) throughout pregnancy. We apologise for this error. j


A network video sureillance system based on embedded Linux is presented in this paper. The system adopt embedded Linux andmicro-processor PXA255 based on Xscale architecture,the platform can capture video signal form the USB camera and then transport thesignal to the server through Internet. The driver development of USB devices and the application program of the embedded systems alsopresented in details.


This interesting and peculiar parasite was apparently first noted and studied by George Newport in 1831. That writer, however, was unable to publish his observations till 1849, by which date he had been anticipated in authorship by Francis Walker for the specific name, and by J. O. Westwood for the generic. With the latter Newport engaged in a somewhat protracted controversy touching priority of name, morphology, habits, etc., of Melittobia. There can be no doubt that Westwood's genus, very briefly characterised in Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. for 5th July, 1847, p. xviii, must stand. The part of the proceedings containing this page was published on 12th January, 1848. As the purpose of the present notes is chiefly to offer a more accurate description of M. acasta, and as, besides, I am at present engaged in revising the whole genus, it does not seem necessary to say much on the habits of the insect. M. acasta is markedly polyphagous; never apparently a true hyperparasite, it attacks everything within its limited range of action. Already it has been bred from a long list of hosts, and somewhat contradictory conclusions about the insect's parasitic status and economic value may be drawn from its host attachment. Thus it may be a pest in nests of bees, wasps, etc.; a species of Melittobia again proved a serious menace in the laboratory to Tachinids introduced into the U.S.A. to combat the Gipsy Moth, but possibly, the insect plays, or may be induced to play, a useful part in destroying dipterous puparia in or near houses, or in surroundings where the adult may skulk secure. For Melittobia dislikes light, and the ♀ flies little, though when once established in a suitable environment, it is hard to dislodge.


This paper reported the experiment of acute toxicity and accumulated toxicity of sucrose polyoleates,which was synthesized by chemical methods and its degree of purity is more than 98%,to the small mice through mouth.The LD50 of passing throughmouth is more than 15,000mg/kg,it is belong to nonpoisonous materials.The accumulation coefficient(k)is 6.65,so it has only slight accumulative effection.


The paper studies the changing conditions of the frequency response funotions caused by the structure crack in offshore platform and the calculated result shows that the frequency response functions can be used for checking the offshore platform crack.


Study was made of histological changes preceding and concomitant with observed gross inhibitions and stimulations induced in the Red Kidney bean seedling (Phaseolus vulgaris) following unilateral and band applications of 3% indoleacetic acid-lanolin paste to various loci of the hypocotyl in various stages of straightening and elongation. 2. Within 24-48 hours after application of IAA to the arched seedling gross changes include discoloration of tissues, temporary inhibition of straightening and elongation of the hypocotyl, and excessive increase in its diameter at, below, and, to a slight extent, above the treated area. Following application the cells of the concave side of the seedling arch at first stretch along radial and tangential, but not along the longitudinal, axes. This change in the normal pattern of orientation of the axes is responsible for delay in straightening and for deficient hypocotyl elongation and, at this stage, is the main factor in abnormal increases in diameter and in localized tumor formation. Eventual straightening of the treated hypocotyl and its finally deficient elongation are due to lengthening along the longitudinal axis which is less than in untreated hypocotyls but eventually equals the depressed elongation of cells on the convex side of the arch. Later both sides lengthen in the final phase of elongation. The abnormal increase in the hypocotyl volume at, below, and, to a slight extent, above the locus of application is due to increases in the cell volume and to enlarged intercellular spaces, formation of cortical schizogenous cavities, and to root meristems arising in the tumor opposite one or more rays. 3. When IAA paste was applied unilaterally to various loci on the straightened hypocotyl 24-48 hours after the arch stage, negative bending of the hypocotyl was induced within 3-6 hours after application. Bends always occurred in the hypocotyl zone which was in process of elongating to mature length at the time of application. Curvatures were at, below, or above the treated area depending on the relative positions of the zone of elongation and of locus of treatment, provided the former was not too far above the latter. 4. Unilateral applications of 3% IAA to various loci on the straightened hypocotyl 72 hours after the arch stage did not induce hypocotyl bending but did lead to tumor development at each locus. If the treated area was directly below the cotyledonary node on either the convex or the concave side, negative bending occurred in the zone of elongation of the first internode. 5 There is some evidence that IAA, or some substance activated by it, is capable of moving against the normal polarity gradient and under proper conditions can affect tissues above the site of application. 6. Histological studies of the bends indicated that they probably were entirely due to elongation which temporarily is excessive in rate and finally slightly deficient in amount in the cells on the treated side, and initially is deficient in rate and ultimately more deficient in amount in the cells on the opposite side. Changes in the normal pattern of cell enlargement along the three axes probably are functions of the IAA concentration in, and of the developmental stage of, the affected cell. Tumors formed at the locus of application in straightened hypocotyls treated with 3% IAA paste 24, 48, and 72 hours after the arch stage have their origin in excessive cellular stretching mainly along radial and less extensively along tangential axes. Later, cell divisions set in, and tumors develop as in treated arched hypocotyls.


The authors describe a general approach which, in principal, should produce the correct (conjectural) formula for every even integer moment of the Riemann zeta function. They carry it out for the sixth and eigth powers; in the case of sixth powers this leads to the formula conjectured by Conrey and Ghosh, and in the case of eighth powers is new.


. AbstractObjectives: Obesity is a significant global health issue. Given its increasing prevalence and the importance of sexual satisfaction in strengthening marital relationships and overall family and community health, this study aimed to explore the sexual experiences of women with obesity. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study involved interviewing women with obesity who were seeking treatment at clinics and obesity surgery centers in Tehran. In-depth semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were conducted by the researcher. The interviews were then analyzed qualitatively, and codes were categorized accordingly. Results: The study included interviews with obese women, resulting in three general categories. Under the physical dimensions category, two main categories emerged: individual-physical challenges and perceived physical-sexual experiences. In the psychological dimensions category, two main categories were identified: body identity structure and perceived psycho-sexual experiences. Lastly, under the social dimensions category, three main categories were obtained: interpersonal relationships, influence of important people, and influence of the media. Conclusions: Sexual orientation is a crucial aspect that significantly impacts individual and social life. The satisfaction of these desires plays a decisive role in human personality development. It is inevitable that these desires are separate from an individual's behavior. This study highlights that apart from obesity, a person's attitudes and beliefs about sexual issues can directly affect their sexual relationships.


We present a system to obtain simultaneous trapping of multiple isotopes using a single laser and a fiber modulator. The system moves all the control of the beams from the optical to the RF world. Article not available.


Student autonomy is a much discussed topic in educational practice and research. In this study, primary schoolteachers reported what they do to support the autonomy of their students and students mentioned how they perceivedautonomy in the classroom. From the findings of a focus group, consisting of 10 teachers from the upper years, sixaspects of autonomy were extracted: freedom of choice, self-insight, self-expression, curiosity, independence andproblem solving. Then, 77 teachers and 497 students completed a questionnaire with items on these six aspects. Thisquestionnaire study shows that both teachers and students indicated that class work is mostly focused on studentindependence and the least on freedom of choice. Students and teachers differed in the extent to which this was thecase: teachers were much more positive about the extent to which they work on their students' autonomy than theirstudents. This applied to all six distinct aspects of autonomy support.


The dispersion coefficient, D′, of the representative homogeneous protein, conalbumin, decreases linearly as the polyacrylamide concentration increases from 4 to 14%T (2%C), and varies in a biphasic fashion as %C (Bis) is increased from 2 to 20%, with a broad peak between 5 and 15%C. D′ increases linearly with the concentration of the initiator, potassium persulfate, in the range of 0.01–0.15%. D′ remains constant when the field strength is varied from 5 to 15 V/cm. A DNA fragment (1857 bp) exhibits a constant D′ in 4–6% polyacrylamide (2%C) at a field strength of 1 V/cm, and a linearly increasing D′ at 5 V/cm, in analogy to its previously observed behavior in agarose gels. In solutions of uncrosslinked polyacrylamide, the decrease of the D′ of conalbumin with polymer concentration is not significantly different from that in 2% N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide‐crosslinked gels in the range of 4–14%T, while the decrease of mobility with polyacrylamide concentration is much steeper in 2% crosslinked compared to uncrosslinked polymer. Finally, –∂ (log D′)/∂T was found to be proportional to the retardation coefficient, KR (= –∂ (log μ)/∂T), in polyacrylamide gels. The ratio of –∂ (log D′)/∂T over KR increases with field strength in the range of 5–15 V/cm.


Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a process in which somatic cells under special conditions develop into embryos and in the end into a plant. That is why SE is a good model system for studying the genetic, molecular, physiological, biochemical, histological and cellular mechanisms underlying not only somatic but also zygotic embryogenesis and the totipotency of plant cells. SE begins with a transition of somatic cells to an embryogenic state and it can be induced under certain in vitro conditions. The mechanisms which determine SE induction the transition of cells from the vegetative to the embryogenic state and the conditions underlying such changes are the main questions of developmental biology (for a review see: de Jong et al., 1993; von Arnold et al., 2002; Feher et al., 2003; Namasivayam, 2007; Yang & Zhang, 2010).


Alzheimer's disease patients language troubles eventually lead to a conversation without any real communication. Such condition triggers a series of phenomena which results in the total loss of speaking ability, silence and isolation. The conversational approach to dementia is directed to keeping alive words use by responding to a unique normative principle: to try and make happy conversations, allowing the patient to speak as long as possible and as happy as possible. The main techniques adopted to attain this target are the following: the therapist should neither ask questions, nor complete the sentences left unfinished, nor interrupt the patient's sentences; he should rather give the patient back his narrative motif, that is the subject of the speech, and give him fragments of his own autobiography.


This practical handbook provides essential guidance on established and emerging modes of treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The book maps the rapid developments and technological advances in this area, including pharmacologic management. Internationally recognized experts share their keen insights on the latest available options for treatment, helping to clarify the issues important to both physician and patient. The book begins with a discussion of the epidemiology and natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia, and then summarises current knowledge on the pathogenesis of the disease. Subsequent chapters focus on diagnosis and selection of patients for treatment, and the treatment itself is explored in chapters on medical management, surgical management, and alternatives to surgery. The final chapter evaluates the outcome of benign prostatic hyperplasia management.


Usually,the art basic includes drawing、color、sketch and so on.Drawing as the Art Basic of sculpt is very importance to the art specialty,and at the same time it is very importance for design specialty too.In the article I give a general introducdion to and make some analysis of the construe status of art basic drawing exert in the technique of architecture decoration,it includes the person with ability demand structure,the subject taught in university,and the main body student.I hope it will be some walue in the technique of architecture decoration trade and the specialty's teaching mode in university.


This research aims to analyze the influence of the world oil price, the gold
price and the Bank Indonesia rate on the third party fund in the Islamic bank in
Indonesia in the period of 2010-20140. The data used in this research are
secondary data in the form of monthly time series. The analysis model used in this
research is multiple linear regression with the method of Error Correction Model
(ECM).
The results of the research revealed that the results of the normality test of
the data using the model of Jarque Bera has a normal distribution. The results of
the liniearity test using the model of Ramsey Reset of the regression model has a
linier form. The results of the classical assumption test revealed that there is no
problem of multicoliniearity, no problem of heterocedasticity and no problem of
autocorrelation. From the t test, it can be known that the variables of the world oil
price, the gold price and BI rate, in a short term, have no influence on the third
party fund in the Islamic bank in Indonesia, meanwhile, in a long term, the
variables of the world oil price and the gold price have influence on the third party
fund in the bank Islamic in Indonesia. The results of f test revealed that the model
which was used existed. The determination of R2 is as much as 0.301072 that
means that 30.1% of the variation of score variable of the third party fund can be
explained by the variables of the oil price, the gold price and BI rate, meanwhile,
the rest 69.9% is explained by other independent variables excluded in the model.


This report surveys reactor core design features of the Light Water Breeder Reactor which make possible improved fuel utilization in light water reactor systems and breeding with the uranium-thorium fuel cycle. The impact of developing the uranium-thorium fuel cycle on utilization of nuclear fuel resources is discussed. The specific core design features related to improved fuel utilization and breeding which have been implemented in the Shippingport LWBR core are presented. These design features include a seed-blanket module with movable fuel for reactivity control, radial and axial reflcetor regions, low hafnium Zircaloy for fuel element cladding and structurals, and a closely spaced fuel rod lattice. Also included is a discussion of several design modifications which could further improve fuel utilization in future light water reactor systems. These include further development of movable fuel control, use of Zircaloy fuel rod support grids, and fuel element design modifications.


Recently, StarCraft AI has been very actively researched, largely via analysis of human replay data. However, such data are difficult to evaluate visually because they represent information from a limited environment, that of the game client. To solve this problem, we created an environment in which game screens are displayed on the web, allowing game progression to be evaluated at a glance. This allows the performance of more diverse and efficient experiments than conventional human testing. We show that human players label macro decisions (e.g., main force operations) during supervised StarCraft learning using a web-based interface.


ABSTRACT As a result of Vosei-Golovnye pipeline break and consequental oil spill (Russia, Komi Republic) in 1994 about 80 hectares of the earth surface were contaminated, major part of which repres...


business In the developed world, human–computer interactions (HCI) professionals have had success spreading the word about user-centered design (UCD) as something that companies need to embrace for success of their products in the marketplace. If this pitch is valid—and we certainly believe it is—then market forces alone should drive adoption of UCD practices. What happens, though, when the context is a developing economy instead of a developed consumer society? How does UCD fit in not just with the " product development lifecycle, " but also with national initiatives aimed at broad social development? Such programs, typically endorsed, sponsored, or even mandated by government agencies, tend to have a top-down character that often leads them to operate in ways that conflict with the fundamental principles of UCD. As with consumer products, if technological development does not really meet the needs of the user, it will fail. UCD seems like a natural antidote to


The invention discloses a streaming media system, a device and a method thereof, wherein the system comprises a service processing server and a streaming media server cluster; one streaming media server of the streaming media server cluster is a main streaming media server and other streaming media servers are affiliated streaming media servers, wherein only the main streaming media server in the streaming media server cluster conducts signaling alternation with the service processing server; and each streaming media server in the streaming media server cluster conducts signaling alternation by multicasting to determine the streaming media server for processing streaming media transmission tasks. The application of the system can realize cluster registration, media resource application, media resource release and switching between the main streaming media server and the affiliated streaming media servers. The system, the device and the method thereof realize the load balance of each streaming media server in the streaming media server cluster and improve the performance of the system.


The mass insufficiency spectrum, determined on the basis of K/sup 0/- mesons in the pi /sup -/ + N yields K/sup 0/(K/sup 0/) + Y(K, N) + m pi , m = 0.1..., reaction involving bound nucleons of the freon and xenon nuclei, was investigated by means of xenon and freon bubbie chambers. The impulse of the incident pi /sup -/ mesons was 2.8 Bev/c. From the photographs taken, stars were selected, accompanied by sup 0/ events which could be correlated with the point of the interaction. The K/sup 0/-mesons were identified by the angle of divergence of the decay products with respect to the trajectory of the disintegrating particles and by measuring the level of ionization and the path of these products. It was found that the K/sup 0/ mesons from the reaction Z/sup 0/ yields K/sup 0/ + LAMBDA /sup 0/ + Q, where Q is the bond energy, being equal to about 40 Mev, yield effective mass (m*) values which lie within the range from 1.8 to 1.97 Bev, clustered primarily around the highest possible value of m* = 1.97 Bev. (TTT)


This paper is based on Einstein's supposition about crystal lattice vibration, which states that when Einstein's temperature ( )E is not less than the crystal temperature T but less than 2T, the expression of crystal molar heat capacity changes to the Dulong-Petit equation Cv = 3R. Thereby this equation can explain why crystal molar heat capacity equals about 3R not only at low temperatures but also at normal temperatures for many kinds of metals. It can be calculated that the nonlinear interaction among atoms contributes to the molar heat capacity using the coefficient of expansionβ and the Gruneisen constant γ. The result is that the relative error between the theoretical and the experimental value of the molar heat capacity is reduced greatly for many kinds of metals, especially for metals of IA. The relative error can be cut by about 17%.


Iteration of liftings of non necessarily continuous maps of the circle into itself are considered as discrete dynamical systems of dimension one. The rotation set has proven to be a powerful tool to study the set of possible periods and the behaviour of orbits for continuous and old heavy maps. An extension of the class of maps for which the rotation set maintains this power is given.


This paper generalizes our previous work on the discrete Schwarzschild-type solution in Regge calculus to the case of a charge. The known in the literature simplicial electro-dynamics retaining like Regge calculus geometric features of the continuum counterpart is incorporated into the formalism. The functional integral provides a loose fixation of edge lengths around some scale and a perturbative expansion, for which we consider, in essence, finding the optimal starting (background) metric/field from the skeleton Regge and electro-dynamic equations. The simplest periodic simplicial structure and the expansion over metric/field variations between 4-simplices are considered. In the leading order of this expansion, the electromagnetic action, as we found earlier for the Regge action, is reducible to a finite-difference form of the continuum counterpart. Instead of infinite continuous metric/field variables at the center, we have finite discrete variables; the discrete metric in the Schwarzschild-type coordinates turns out to change the sign of its variation when approaching the center from the nearest vertices, so that [Formula: see text] is positive at the center (the continuum [Formula: see text] tends to [Formula: see text] at the center). The metric/field in the neighborhood of the center and the curvature and the Kretschmann scalar at the center are estimated.


Four out of a total of five symbiotic systems whose optical spectral lines contain satellite components indicating collimated ejection have an additional absorption of P Cyg type with different velocity. These systems are Z And, Hen 3-1341, StHα 190, and BF Cyg. It is shown that the line profiles of every of these systems can be interpreted in the framework of a model of a collimated stellar wind from the hot compact component proposed initially to interpret the line profiles of Z And, observed during its last active phase after 2000. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Sometimes all the values of some variables in a SAS ® dataset are missing or null, and we would like to drop these variables to save disk space. Here we introduce a macro %DROPMISS that can automatically identify and drop SAS variables that have only missing or null values. You have the option of not dropping the variables you do not want to drop by using a parameter in the %DROPMISS macro.


The acceptor substrate activity of peptidyl transferase of both Escherichia coli and rat liver ribosomes has been investigated using 3′-N-aminoacyl analogues of puromycin and 5′-O-phosphoryl and 5′-O-nucleotidyl derivatives of 3′-N-glycylpuromycin aminonucleoside. Two simple assay systems were used with washed ribosomes; the fragment reaction with CpApCpCpA-(Ac-L-[3H]Leu) as donor substrate and the reaction with N-acetyl-L-[3H]phenylalanyl-tRNA as donor substrate in the presence of poly(U). The results can be summarized as follows.

The conditions of the fragment reaction impose severe restrictions on the structural requirements for acceptor substrate activity, especially for E. coli ribosomes. Of the 21 puromycin analogues tested, only 3′-N-L-phenylalanyl-puromycin aminonucleoside and its 5′-O-cytidylyl derivative gave high (>50% of that of puromycin) activity with E. coli ribosomes while all other analogues gave essentially negligible (<5% of that of puromycin) activity. However, with rat liver ribosomes, 3′-N-L-phenylalanyl-puromycin aminonucleoside gave high activity while all other analogues containing a single benzene ring gave low (5-24% of that of puromycin) to moderate (25–50% of that of puromycin) activity. These observations plus the low activity of 5′-O-cytidylyl (3′-N-L-phenylalanyl)-puromycin aminonucleoside with rat liver ribosomes represent the most marked differences found between the two types of ribosomes.

In the N-acetyl-L-[3H]phenylalanyl-tRNA assay system with E. coli ribosomes, there was low to moderate activity of a number of the more hydrophobic aminoacyl analogues of puromycin which had negligible activity in the fragment reaction. With rat liver ribosomes, there was a general enhancement of activity of aminoacyl analogues above that seen in the fragment reaction. With the phosphoryl and nucleotidyl analogues, however, only 5′-O-cytidylyl(3′-N-L-phenylalanyl)-puromycin aminonucleoside showed high activity with both types of ribosomes and the results were essentially similar to those of the fragment reaction. In general, therefore, the structural requirements for activity of aminoacyl analogues, but not of nucleotidyl analogues, tended to be more stringent in the fragment reaction as compared with the N-acetyl-L-[3H]phenyl-alanyl-tRNA assay. It is suggested that the methanol present in the fragment reaction may cause this by disruption of hydrophobic binding at the puromycin binding site.


An etching chamber is equipped with an actively-cooled element. The actively-cooled element preferentially adsorbs volatile compounds that are evolved from a polymeric layer of a wafer during etching, which compounds will act as contaminants if re-deposited on the wafer, for example on exposed metal contact portions where they may interfere with subsequent deposition of metal contact layers. In desirable embodiments, a getter sublimation pump is also provided in the etching chamber as a source of getter material. Methods of etching in such a chamber are also disclosed.


Conditioning of lignocellulosic hydrolysates with sulfur oxyanions, such as dithionite, is one of the most potent methods to improve the fermentability by counteracting effects of inhibitory by-products generated during hydrothermal pretreatment under acidic conditions. The effects of pH, treatment temperature, and dithionite dosage were explored in experiments with softwood hydrolysates, sodium dithionite, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Treatments with dithionite at pH 5.5 or 8.5 gave similar results with regard to ethanol productivity and yield on initial glucose, and both were always at least ~20% higher than for treatment at pH 2.5. Experiments in the dithionite concentration range 5.0–12.5 mM and the temperature range 23–110 °C indicated that treatment at around 75 °C and using intermediate dithionite dosage was the best option (p ≤ 0.05). The investigation indicates that selection of the optimal temperature and dithionite dosage offers great benefits for the efficient fermentation of hydrolysates from lignin-rich biomass, such as softwood residues.


Metastable (3-phenyl-2-propynyl)benz611ium ions, generated by electron impact induced fragmentation from the appropriately substituted l,.l-dihydrobenzoic acid, react by loss of 'CH, and C6&. The study of deuterated derivatives reveals that hydrogen/deuterium exchanges involving all hydrogen and deuterium atoms precede the fragmentations. The resdts suggest a skeletal rearrangement by eleebrophilic ring-closnre reactions giving rise to protonated phenylindene and protonated 9,10-methano-9,10-dihydroanthracene prior to the elimination of C6& and 'CH,, respectively. A study of isomeric [C,HJ ions by collision-induced decomposition and by deuterinm labelling shows that these ions interconvert by hydrogen migrations and skeletal rearrangements. Previous studieslS2 have shown that a fast interannular proton transfer occurs in ring-protonated a,w-diphenylalkanes a which can be generated in a mass spectrometer by chemical ionization (CI) of a,w-diphenylalkanes 1 (Scheme 1, route a) and by electron impact (EI) induced fragmentation of w-phenylalkyl-1,4-dihydrobenzoic acids 2 (Scheme 1, route b), respectively. This proton transfer between both phenyl groups can be detected by the elimination of the isotopomers of benzene from metastable ions3 in the first field-free region (1st FFR) and the second field-free region (2nd FFR) of a VGZAB-2F mass spectrometer using compounds specifically labelled on one of the phenyl groups. because the two phenyl groups can hardly approach each other.2 A similar steric effect is expected for the proton exchange reactions of protonated 1,4-diphenylbutyne and protonated 1,3-diphenylpropyne in which the two phenyl groups are kept apart by the alkynyl groups. However, the mass spectrometric reactions, especially of (3-phenyl-2-propyny1)benzenium ions (b), show effects which must be due to skeletal rearrangements in addition to proton exchange reactions. Here, we report the results of a study of these reactions of [Cl5HI3]+ ions. Scheme 1 In w-phenylalkylbenzenium ions a with 2 < n < 20, a complete mixing ('scrambling') of the 11 ring-protons occurs prior to fragmentation of the metasta-ble ions, indicating that the rate of the H/D exchange reaction is at least 20 times faster than the elimination reaction.' It has been shown that the proton transfer is inhibited in (trans-4-benzyl-cyclohex-1-yl)benzenium ions t Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. (3-Phenyl-2-propyny1)benzenium ions (b), of m/z 193 and specifically protonated at one of the phenyl groups, arise in the EI mass spectrum (see Fig. 1) of I-(3-phenyl-2-propynyl)-l,4-dihydrobenzoic acid (3) by loss of the 'COOH radical. The EI-induced decomposition of this compound as deduced from an investigation of metastable ions is shown in Scheme 2. In contrast to the 70eV EI mass spectrum, the …


The Brantas River is the most lengthy river in East Java, with ± 320 km length and ± 12.000 km2 catchment area. The Brantas upper stream begun at Sumber Brantas to the area before inlet of Sutami dam had 2.050 km2 catchment area. The water of this river is used not only for agriculture, drinking water, but also for waste disposal area. The development people activities along this river could influence its water quality, because the waste produced by those people activities is thrown to this river directly. The changes of those water qualities in the stream induce the change of macrozoobenthos community. For that reason, it's necessary to observe the Brantas water quality based on macrozoobenthos indikator. The aims of the research were to classify the upper stream of Brantas river based on its macrozoobentos communities, and to determine the Brantas quality level in consequence organic enrichment (diffuse source pollution) in that upper stream. This research was carried out from March to July, 2000 at 8 sampling sites. Sampling sites were chosen based on land use along the course of upper stream the Brantas river. Each site was sampled monthly both for its water quality and macrozoobentos for 5 month.The FORTRAN program TWINSPAN were used to classify the upper stream of Brantas river based on its macrozoobentos, and BMWP Indeks for its water quality level. TWINSPAN analysis has classified the eight sites of the upper stream Brantas river into ten site of groups (A, B, C, ...., J). Site of group A, B, C, E, and G had gravel, sand, and stone type of substratum with high current velocity (0,5-1 m/s), temperature 17-27 °C, BOD 6,7-7,5 mg/l, and COD 5,2-11,2 mg/l. Macrozoobentos founded in those sites were famili of Baetidae, Leptophlebiidae, Chloroperliidae, and Gastropoda. Site of groups D, F, H, I, and J had mud dan sand type of substratum, with law current velocity (0,15-0,5 m/s), temparature 20-25 °C, BOD 4,7-7,9 mg/l, and COD 9-12,4 mg/l. Macrozoobentos from Hydropsychidae, Chironomidae, and Lumbricullidae family were found in those site of groups. The result of the water level of this research : Site of group A, B, C, D, F, I, and J were moderate polluted (ASPT value 4,8-6,3). Site of group E, G, and H were heavy polluted (ASPT value 4-4,5).


Workspace determination for robots is an important step in analysis and synthesis. A couple of methods for computing the wrench-closure workspace of cable-driven parallel robots were reported in the literature but all methods tend to be time consuming. In this paper, a new algorithm is presented that exploits different techniques to speed up the computation. Pre-computation is largely exploited and benefit are gained both from considerations in computer algebra and efficient numerical routines. Results from the computation of the translational (sometimes also called constant orientation) wrench-closure workspace are presented and performance values are provided. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the method proposed in this paper is superior in terms of computational time to any other approach for workspace computation.


ABSTRACT Haberlea rhodopensis (Gesneriaceae) is endemic plant in a very small group of poikilohydric angiosperms that are able to survive in an almost complete dehydrate state. Upon watering the plants rapidly revive and are restored to their former state. H. rhodopensis belongs to the homoiochlorophyllous type of desiccation tolerant plants that keep their chlorophyll content during drying. The high amount of chlorophyll molecules retained during desiccation could be a source for potentially harmful singlet oxygen production. That is why it was important to investigate the changes in the activity of some antioxidant enzymes during dehydration of Haberlea. Plants were desiccated at optimal (23 °C) and high (38 °C) temperature as drought stress is frequently accompanied by high temperatures under field conditions. The results showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 184.108.40.206) activity gradually decreased, whereas catalase (EC 1. 11. 1. 6) activity significantly increased during desiccation of Haberlea plants under both optimal and high temperature. Exposure of plants to high temperature reduced the activity of these enzymes. The enhanced activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 22.214.171.124) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX; EC 184.108.40.206) was observed under moderate water stress, after which they declined. High temperature stress applied alone did not influence the APX and GPX activity.


"Learning is a continuous process from cradle to grave" Every student has his own style of learning. Some student's way of learning and ability will be entirely different compared to other students. If we watch them closely, we can find some abnormality in them due to various reasons. The slow learners also look like normal students but they will have some abnormality compared to normal students. They are normal students but they take more time to learn .Such students won't show much interest in studies .If they are forced to learn, they will be evasive and all the efforts of the teacher will be in vain since they don't know the importance of studies. They need special care by experienced and trained teachers. Teaching such students will be a very challenging task. We can give them hope by giving extra care. This paper encounters the reasons of slow learning and suggests some of the tips to help the slow learners


This paper proposes a new method for making automatic improvements in digital color image quality. With this method, images obtained either with a video camera or by scanning photographs are automatically enhanced on a display, and no prior knowledge is required with regard to the image data distortions introduced by optical scanners, cameras, or transmission systems. In this paper, the feature values of three important factors for color image quality -- image sharpness, contrast, and saturation -- are defined based on human visual perception, and algorithms used for image enhancement are introduced. The method has been experimentally applied with excellent results to the enhancement of images obtained by scanning photographs: quality improvements achieved automatically were 70% of those achieved manually by human subjects. This simple, effective method appears to hold great promise for application to a variety of imaging devices.


Abstract The microorganisms were isolated from the gut of earthworms treated with hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). The gut isolates were studied for HCH degrading capability. Around 26–28 per cent of total isolates from earthworm gut were capable of HCH degradation. The bacterial strains capable of HCH degradation were Flavobacterium spp, Pseudomonas spp and Acromobacter spp. The strains were capable of degrading α, β and γ isomers of HCH.


Cooperative, natural grocery stores set themselves apart in many ways from the corporate, for-profit stores that are often seen as more mainstream in the United States. Created through local grassroots efforts, such cooperatives tend to support environmental efforts like local, sustainable and organic agriculture, and to offer environmentally friendly foods that are low on the food chain and/or contain little embodied energy. A feeling of belonging can be a powerful motivator to shop at the co-op, and even to join the organization. Such in-group experiences serve both to build and maintain relationships and to differentiate the cooperative from other grocery outlets, reinforcing the social preferences toward environmental conscious consumer behavior in such retail outlets. This qualitative study explores one local cooperative grocery store through a symbolic interactionism lens, asking whether and how community is built through shoppers' verbal interactions with co-op staff. Ethnographic methods are used to highlight and explore shoppers' interpretation of the "co-op" experience, and how that interpretation is communicated through social interaction. Themes found in the data indicate that both customers and staff see the community cooperative as not only a place to shopbut also as a place to interact with likeminded people, about topics and issues integral to their sense of identity, especially in the area of environmentally conscious consumer behavior.


First, measures to promote shade-grown coffee have been concentrated in different areas along the coffee production path. This workshop assembles a small group of experts representing the relevant stages throughout the shade-grown coffee product chain. It is hoped that by bringing actors together, bottlenecks, information gaps, missed opportunities, and possibilities for cooperative action can be better addressed and that this broader approach can yield better results compared to piecemeal efforts.


Drought and flood are investigated in the Pearl River basin (PRB) using long-term terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA) data from the mascon (mass concentration) solutions based on Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite measurements (2002–19) and reanalysis data (1980–2019). The GRACE mascon solutions capture two major drought periods (2003–06 and 2009–12) with similar onsets and endings over the last two decades, but show considerable differences in quantifying total drought severity. The reanalysis data significantly overestimate drought duration and severity during 1980–2000 owing to overestimated negative TWSA forced by underestimated precipitation. The GRACE mascon solutions identify four major flood events in August 2002, June 2008, and July in 2006 and 2019. The flood potential is influenced by the precipitation in both the current and antecedent months. The flood potential index of the most recent flood in 2008 showed a similar spatial pattern compared to precipitation at monthly and subbasin scales. The precipitation and TWSA in the PRB are mainly influenced by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). TWSA exhibits a lag of 1–3 months responding to ENSO during 1980–2019. This study emphasizes the significance of removing water storage changes in new large reservoirs before long-term drought and flood characterization. The inclusion of reservoir water storage would expand (shrink) the drought duration and overestimate (underestimate) drought severity for the period before (after) reservoir impoundment and overestimate flood potential for the period after reservoir impoundment. This study highlights the intensifying drought conditions in the PRB over the last four decades under the circumstances of more frequent human activities (reservoir construction and regulation) and the complex changing climate system.


Introduction. Сreation of new orthotopic models of tumor growth (surgical orthotopic implantation, SOI) promotes pre-clinical studies of anti-metastatic functional potential of the drugs including those which aim to treat advanced clear-cell renal carcinoma with the use of patient's tumor or metastasis sample for implantation material. The use of subcutaneous (s. c.) xenograft contributes to SOI improve-ment and extends experimental opportunities. The collection of tumor strains of N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center that includes s. c. xenograft RPoch1, which was characterized by transplantation, pathological, and immunological parameters and in terms Objective. Preparation and obtaining an orthotopic model of human clear-cell renal carcinoma with the implant of subcutaneous xenograft RPoch1. Materials and methods. The study used s. c. RPoch1 and immunodeficient female mice Balb/c nude on the N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center breeding. Transplantation characteristics were defined during implant passages into kidney parenchyma. The effectiveness of orthotopic implantation was estimated in the dynamics according to kinetic, pathological, morphological, and immunological parameters by light microscopy, flow cytometry, monoclonal antibodies (mAb, Caltag Laboratories) against corresponding antigens. Sensitivity to specific drugs was assessed against inhibitors of tyrosine kinases according to standard parameters (T/С < 42 %, total regressions). Results. After orthotopic implantation of RPoch1 on days 7, 14 and 21 the tumor lesions were registered with the size of 5.0 ± 1.0 mm 3 , 215.0 ± 88.0 mm 3 and 608.0 ± 157.0 mm 3 . Histological examination showed that the tumor had separated connective tissue layers of solid areas of large polymorphic cells with mitosis (10–15 in a lesion) and single areas with necrosis on day 21. The 1.5-fold en-hanced expression of NK1.1 in mice on day 14 and 3.3-fold increase of CD8a expression demonstrate the tendency to develop immune suppression induced by growing tumor. The results showed high sensitivity of RPoch1 to sorafenib and sunitinib (Т/С min = 2–30 %). Conclusion. The authors obtained an orthotopic xenograft of human clear-cell renal carcinoma RPoch1 with 100 % transplantation potential, reproducible biological characteristics including immunological parameters and sensitivity to inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, which can be used for pre-clinical studies of various agents including immunological or different combinations of antitumor drugs against this cancer type.


A guide to assist you with researching Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird and southern life in the American 1930s.


In security systems, the function of human resources management has a special role. The Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Interior, as representatives of state security, seek to place the function of human resources management as much as possible in the function of the Armed Forces and the police, their efficiency and development. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the functioning of human resources management in the aforementioned ministries with a critical review of the existing solutions. The objective of this paper is to find mutual similarities and differences, as well as positive examples, through a comparative analysis, in order to define the best practice and suggest a desirable direction of development. Furthermore, efforts are being made to inform the wider scientific public about the role and importance of the function of human resources management in the defence and security systems. In accordance with the subject and objective of the research, the paper first presents the general framework of human resources management. Then focus is directed to its role in security management, and then a comparative review of two models of human resources management is done. A comparative analysis and comparative legal, inductive and empirical research methods have been used. Finally, some conclusions from the mentioned parts of the paper have been made.


A procedure is described for the determination of copper, lead, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in EDTA extracts of soil and similar material. Diethylammonium diethyldithiocarbamate or ammonium tetramethylene dithiocarbamate metal complexes are extracted into xylene from the EDTA extracts, and metals are determined in the xylene phase by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry using a graphite furnace atomiser. The detection limits (concentrations in soil) are approximately copper 0.8, lead 0.3, cadmium 0.07, nickel 2.5 and cobalt 0.8 µg g–1. These detection limits might be improved by at least a factor of 10. Iron, manganese, aluminium, calcium and zinc do not interfere in amounts likely to be found in extracts of natural or contaminated soils.


The radioactive environmental contamination that resulted from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident has clearly been declining during the nearly 10 years that have passed since the accident. Many studies, however, have indicated prolongation of radioactive contamination in natural ecosystems, probably arising from non-decontaminated forested areas, so a more detailed examination is needed on the environmental dynamics of bioavailable radiocesium and its transfer to ecosystems. Also, regarding the influences of radiation on organisms, the effects on wild organisms of the evacuation of humans have been more pronounced than the direct effects from radiation, especially in the Fukushima evacuation zones.


ABSTRACT The main aim of the study was to understand the present status of cobalt in different agro-climatic zones. The soil samples were collected from different locations and topo-sequences of three agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, India, viz. zone-IV (Baliapur, Jharia, and Dhanbad), zone-V (Bagru, Pakharpat, Kisko, and Lohardaga), and zone-VI (Moshabani, Jadugonda, and Chandil). The soil samples were analyzed in a laboratory to estimate the total cobalt and Diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable cobalt. Results show mean concentration of DTPA extractable cobalt in zones-IV, V, and VI have been determined as 0.65, 0.5, and 1.03 mg kg−1, whereas the mean total cobalt content in different agro-climatic zones was 109.17, 107.58, and 102.58 mg kg−1, respectively. The work highlights the higher amount of DTPA-extractable and the total content of cobalt was observed in lowland against the different topo-sequences. Further, the results of multiple regression equations have revealed that the distribution of extractable cobalt is primarily controlled by pH, clay, and organic carbon. Whereas, organic carbon controls the distribution of total cobalt content hence, the organic carbon plays a critical role in the distribution of cobalt in the soil.


For solid rotor of radial magnetic bearing,besides the windage loss,the iron losses will be significant when the speed is high,and the eddy current loss will be dominant at high speed.In this paper,a simplified bearing model with equivalent current density distribution around the inner surface of the stator is presented first,then the analytical solutions of the magnetic field in the stator,air gap and rotor are obtained.In addition,the finite element method (FEM) is used to analyze the eddy currents distribution in the rotor and its effects on the main magnetic field in the poles and the air gap.The results show that the eddy currents induced in the rotor distribute mainly in the region near the back tip of the poles and will integrate to the back pole tips and the surface as the speed increasing.The power loss achieved from the drag forces acted on the rotor show good agreement with the FEM results based on the unsimplified bearing configuration.Therefore,the assumption of the equivalent current density distribution is reasonable.The effects of saturation of the B H curve on eddy currents are also analyzed with FEM.It shows that the error of the linear model will be significant when the speed is high.So the nonlinearity of the B H curve should be considered if more accurate analysis is needed.


This volume contains Peter Philipp's writings on logic and logical philosophy. The first part of the text presents studies on modal logic, practical deduction and deontic logic. The second part contains an overall appreciation of his work and studies on specific aspects of it.


In the process of teaching oral histopathology,if teachers can properly combine theories with experiments and classroom instructions with students' self-study,and organize various extracurricular activities while they try to improve their professional quality and apply varied teaching methods and skills,they can manage to stimulate students' interest in the course and cultivate their research awareness,which in turn improves the teaching quality and efficiency of the course.


The invention provides a residing target selection method and a transmission method and device. The transmission method is applied to the network side and comprises the steps that a first signal used for indicating information of the network slice supported by a preset cell and/or a frequency point is generated; and the first signal is transmitted by using an omnidirectional mode or a directional mode, wherein the directional transmitting mode refers to directional transmitting in different downlink beam directions in any mode of time division multiplexing, frequency division multiplexing and code division multiplexing or combination of multiple modes. Residing target selection can be performed according to the network slice supported by the cell and/or the frequency point in the mobile communication system having deploying of the network slices.


The strong growth of low rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPAN), leads us to consider the autonomy problems, thus node lifetime in a network, knowing that the power supplies replacement is often difficult to realize. The inherent mobility in this type of equipment is an essential element. It will provide routing constraints, so a complex problem to solve. This article provides work lines to assess the performance of such a network in terms of energy consumption and mobility. The objectives are contradictory; it will necessarily find a compromise. In addition, if we want to guarantee a maximum delay for the transmitted messages, possibility offered by the IEEE 802.15-4 standard, another compromise necessitate a strictly fixed structure and a fully mobile structure. Therefore, we present a quantization of the energy cost related to the desired data rate and compared to the sleep duration of nodes in the network. Then, we open reflexion lines to find the best compromise: consumption / mobility / guaranteed deadlines, in suggesting an adaptive network structure from a concept of MANET.


This paper takes it as its target to research the soil fluorine content and its distribution of the karst rocky desertification ecosystem in China's southwest.The results of our investigation can be shown as follows.( 1 ) The total fluorine of the experimental topsoil in the karst region has been found to roughly range from 45.2 mg/kg to 97.7 mg/kg, with an average of 65.6 mg/kg.The mass ratio of water soluble fluorine of the experimental topsoil is found to range from 0.38 mg/kg to 3.12 mg/kg, with an average of 1.44 mg/kg.(2) On the whole, with the aggravation of rocky desertification, the total fluorine of the experimental topsoil tends to increase in the initial rocky desertification stage, then tends to decrease.The water soluble fluorine mass ratio tends to decrease with the aggravation of rocky desertification. (3) The total fluorine in different soil profiles can be found to be the surface layer less than bottom layer, with the almost the same trend as in the mass ratio of soil water soluble fluorine.(4) It is also found that the residual fluorine to be the main form in the experimental soils, accounting for 96.62% of the total fluorine, which is followed by water soluble fluorine, Fe and Mn oxide bound fluorine, exchangeable fluorine and organic fluorine.(5) The soil parent material, biological action and surface charge characteristics of inorganic colloids were found to be the major influential factors on the total fluorine whereas the surface charge characteristics of inorganic colloids would be the dominating factor to the soil water soluble fluorine. (6) And last of all, a significant difference has been found between the soils in Puding County and those in Libo County, with the total fluorine and water soluble fluorine in Puding County being higher than that in Libo County.If soil water soluble fluorine was considered to be at the critical level, the soils in Puding County under investigation said contaminated, whereas that in Libo County is unpolluted.


A mixer circuit using a rat-race constituted by dispos ing microstrip lines on one surface of a substrate to provide a loop-shaped transmission line and four trans mission lines connected to the loop. In the rat-race, two of the four transmission lines are disposed within the loop of the loop-shaped transmission line. A conductor penetrates the substrate at the center of the loop of the loop-shaped transmission line, and a pair of diodes are connected respectively between this conductor and the two transmission lines disposed within the loop so that an intermediate frequency signal obtained by subject ing a high frequency signal to frequency conversion can be derived from the conductor at the other surface side of the substrate.


This paper1, 2 revisits the problem of maneuvering target tracking and presents a new algorithm to circumvent the exponential growth of the hypotheses (mixture elements) that arises in the optimal multiple model filter. The idea of the new scheme is to replace this increasing burden at each step by a Gaussian mixture, thus maintaining a limited number of hypotheses in the filter. Numerous comparative simulations with the IMM, both in active and passive measurement cases, show that this new approach improves significantly the tracking performance in the passive case. In the active case, on the contrary, the IMM seems to remain the best complexity-performance compromise.


The primary converter of the electronic voltage transformer(CEVT) based on the capacitive divider is described.The principle and the system constituted of CEVT are expatiated.The secondary resistive divider of the transducer affects the phase error of CEVT but no affection on the divider coefficient.The A/D converter is the critical component for designing the primary side circuit.It analyzes A/D converter and its driver circuit in detail,which uses ADS8325 as A/D converter and provides excellent performances,such as high resolution,low temperature coefficient and low power consumption.It realizes the single optical fiber data transmitting through imitating asynchronous transmitting with synchronous clock rate.The temperature tests show that the temperature characteristic is within ±0.2% with the range-40(°C)~+40(°C).The type tests of the CEVT show that the linearity characteristic is within ±0.2%.


Plasmapheresis is an effective therapeutic intervention for several renal disorders, including renal transplant rejection. However, repeated plasmapheresis can cause various side effects and complications.

 We present a 61-year-old male with a medical history of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, successfully treated multiple myeloma and a post-mortem kidney transplantation 7 months ago. The patient was hospitalized because of rapid deterioration of his renal function (eGFR CKD-EPI 15 ml/min/1.73m2). Renal biopsy of the transplanted kidney confirmed the diagnosis of antibody-mediated transplant rejection. Treatment with methylprednisolone, plasmapheresis with a 40 g/L albumin solution as a replacement fluid and intravenous immunoglobulins was initiated. After 4 plasmapheresis treatments, the patient developed gastrointestinal complaints and muscle weakness. Despite the patient's use of 3 grams of oral sodium bicarbonate supplements a day, laboratory tests revealed a hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis: bicarbonate 11.7 mmol/L, chloride 111 mmol/L, sodium 138 mmol/L. Metabolic acidosis due to citrate accumulation was ruled out with a normal total-to-ionized calcium ratio. After treatment with intravenous bicarbonate supplementation, the symptoms disappeared. Analysis of the albumin plasmapheresis solution showed a chloride concentration of 132 mmol/L.

 This is the first case that describes metabolic acidosis after albumin plasmapheresis in a patient with impaired renal function. The observed hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis is most likely the result of the administration of large volumes (3.5 litres per session) of a 4% albumin solution with high chloride concentrations. We hypothesize that patients with renal impairment are more prone to develop metabolic acidosis after plasmapheresis with albumin-saline replacement fluids due to their reduced renal capacity to excrete excess acid and chloride.

 Special attention should be paid to the acid-base balance during plasmapheresis in patients with impaired renal function. Future research should investigate the incidence of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis during albumin plasmapheresis in different eGFR categories.


The next generation of flat-panel displays and solid-state lighting will have challenges in the areas of maximizing efficiency, brightness, color saturation, area, and flexible-substrate compatibility.1–9 Recent studies on the electroluminescence (EL) behavior of colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) of compounds in columns II-VI of the periodic table have suggested that quantum-dot LEDs (QD-LEDs) could be a cost-effective alternative. In particular, due to the extremely narrow emission band of monodisperse nanocrystal QD populations—full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ∼18–30nm—QD-LEDs have been reported to produce color-saturated red and green emissions of much higher spectral purities than those of liquid crystal displays and organic LEDs. QD-LEDs even have spectral purities that are 30% greater than the bulky cathode ray tubes that are still favored for their excellent color rendition.4, 6, 8–12 Since the QD-LED display system creates a variety of colors by varying the relative intensities of the red-green-blue (RGB) subpixels in each screen pixel cell, the enhanced color purity of RGB QDLEDs will result in an unprecedented improvement in the number of colors that can be displayed. Such a prospect is dimmed, however, by the slow development to date of bright, colorsaturated, blue QD-LEDs.13 Unlike its green and red neighbors, the blue component (440– 490nm) of the visual spectrum is characterized by low luminous efficacies. To compensate for this low luminous efficacy, a blue QD-LED demands a higher radiant power, I, than green or orange/red QD-LEDs of the same brightness. The low efficacy of the blue emission also requires the QD-LED output to have a narrow emission bandwidth and 'clean' spectral line shapes to achieve the desired blue saturation. Figure 1. Electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of the QD-LED measured at a bias of 5.5V. Top insets: Photomicrographs of the LED surface recorded at brightness values of 100 cd/m2 and 1600cd/m2. Bottom inset: A high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image of a core/shell-CdS/ZnS QD.


Abstract Recent research on the gains to trade liberalization, especially in a number of papers by Richard Baldwin, suggests that the static gains to trade liberalization that many economists attempt to measure may be dwarfed by the dynamic gains. One source of these dynamic gains is through capital accumulation. A similar argument can be made regarding the consequences of regional integration. As distortions are removed the effects of aggregate output through dynamic adjustments are likely to be larger than simple static calculations suggest. This paper focuses on the issue of the dynamic gains to regional integration for two recent episodes, European integration known as Europe 1992, and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The paper provides empirical results on the size and nature of global and regional adjustments to these two examples of regional integration. J. Japan. Int. Econ., December 1994, 8 (4), pp. 422–453. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia; and Brookings Institution, Washington, DC 20036.


FAROW is a computer program that assists in the probalistic analysis of the Fatigue and Reliabiity of Wind turbines. The fatigue lifetime of wind turbine components is calculated using functional forms for important input quantities. Parameters of these functions are defined in an input file as either constants or random variables. The user can select from a library of random variable distribution functions. FAROW uses structural reliability techniques to calculate the mean time to failure, probability of failure before a target lifetime, relative importance of each of the random inputs, and the sensitivity of the reliability to all input parameters. Monte Carlo simulation is also available.


Mental health represents an important topic in the discussion about public health, as the prevalence of disorders increases, and the consequences are harder to manage. One way to address this problem is the use of computational methods to process social media data that provides valuable insight into individuals' everyday activity. Particularly, there has been a focus on studying the language of mental health in textual content, as word choice, discourse structure and style have significant psychological implications. This paper aims to quantify the language of mental disorders in a set of posts and comments collected from a Romanian medical forum and explore illness specific characteristics through classification tasks. Results suggest that both vocabulary use and form of textual expression are largely discriminative for individual mental disorders.


Abstract In this article the housing affordability problem is outlined, previous inclusionary housing research is reviewed, and the authors' evaluation criteria are identified. The early inclusionary housing programs of Petaluma, Davis, Palo Alto, and Orange County, California are evaluated in order to draw conclusions pertinent to other jurisdictions. Economic and political responses to the programs are analyzed. Program design elements influencing effectiveness and the political feasibility of adoption are discussed.


Here we report the case of a 67-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with back-pain and paralysis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine was indicated to evaluate further treatment. Twelve months before, the patient had a leadless pacemaker (St Jude Medical S1DLCP, VVI00) implanted because of bradycardiac atrial fibrillation …


A novel triptycene-based polymer of intrinsic microporosity (Trip-PIM) displays enhanced surface area (1065 m2 g(-1)) and reversibly adsorbs 1.65% hydrogen by mass at 1 bar/77 K and 2.71% at 10 bar/77 K.


Academic conflict research, deeply rooted in Cold War thinking, has traditionally focused on the causes of war between states, with an analytical focus on the role of military alliances, joint land borders, arms races, nuclear deterrence, trade relations, democracy levels, balances and imbalances of power, and the like. 1 Control over disputed territory has been the most frequent issue of international violent dissent among states. 2


The coexistence of fibroids of the uterus and pregnancy was formerly considered to be a rarity. By some, the occurrence of fibroids was thought to be an expression of disappointed destiny on the part of the uterus, a morbid activity of a functionally inactive organ. Again, the sterility was looked on as the result of the presence of the fibroids. One author, Carstens, 1 explains the early sterility and late impregnation as being due to a correction of a malposition of the uterus by the developing fibroids, thus allowing conception to take place. The coexistence of these two conditions, fibroids and pregnancy, is not so rare as was formerly supposed, as one finds quite an abundance of these cases reported in the past few years. So, that while functionally inactive uteri may have a greater tendency to fibroid development it would seem that the presence of the fibroid, unless it


A 28-year-old pregnant woman was admitted to the hospital in the summer because of fever, headache, neck stiffness, and fatigue. She had a faint rash on her leg, thrombocytopenia, and elevated aminotransferase levels. A diagnostic test result was received.


Along with the developments in the industry, the Three-Dimensional (3D) printer technology, which came to the fore at the end of the 1980s, has started to be used in many areas and has taken an important place in our lives. The prototype of the final version of a product designed with the help of Computer Aided Design (CAD) programs can be easily produced. 3D printers; They are involved in areas such as automotive and machine production in order to develop prototypes in the industry, developing course materials in education, planning of surgical operations in the field of health, production of artificial organs and orthotic prosthesis applications in biomedicine. In this study, 3D printers in the biomedical units in hospitals, the production of new ones instead of the broken parts, and their usage areas are included. In this context, the modeling of the broken keypad of the ultrasound device was made by means of computer software and production was carried out with a 3D printer. An example of the usage areas of 3D printers is presented. In addition, the cost of the keypad is reduced by manufacturing it one by one instead of replacing it as a whole.


Nippon Oil Exploration Ltd. entered SK10 block Production Sharing Contract as an operator in offshore Sarawak, the State of Malaysia in 1987. During the first phase exploration campaign, Helang gas field was discovered in 1990.Nippon Oil Exploration also farmed-in to SK8 block which is adjoining SK10 block in 1991, and found Jintan gas field and several other gas fields in 1992 through 1993.As gas reserves discovered in both blocks was enough to plan a grass root LNG project, the operators of both blocks (Nippon Oil Exploration and Occidental) started a feasibility study of the new LNG project (later named MLNG-3) with support of the national oil company 'Petronas'.From the feasibility study stage to realization of the project, however, there were various obstacles or disputes among the parties. As the result it took longer time than expected.The LNG plant was completed in 1992 and feed gas production from Helang gas field to the MLNG-3 plant was started in 2003.This report introduces overall activities to the realization of the LNG project.


I am an invisible man. No, I am not a spook like those who haunted Edgar Allan Poe; nor am I one of your Hollywoodmovie ectoplasms. I am a man of substance, of flesh and bone, fiber and liquids—and I might even be said to possess a mind. I am invisible, understand, simply because people refuse to see me. . . . When they approach me they see only my surroundings, themselves, or figments of their imagination—indeed, everything and anything except me.


The jury is still out concerning the epistemic conditions for backward induction, the "oldest idea in game theory" ([2, p. 635]). Aumann [2] and Stalnaker [31] take contradictory positions in the debate: Aumann claims that common 'knowledge' of 'rationality' in a game of perfect information entails the backward-induction solution; Stalnaker that it does not.1 Of course there is nothing wrong with any of their relevant formal proofs, but rather, as pointed out by Halpern [22], there are differences between their interpretations of the notions of knowledge, belief, strategy and rationality. Moreover, as pointed out by Binmore [14, 15], Bonanno [17], Bicchieri [13], Reny [26], Brandenburger [18] and others, the reasoning underlying the backward induction method seems to give rise to a fundamental paradox (the so-called "BI paradox"): in order to even start the reasoning, a player assumes that (common knowledge, or some form of common belief in) Rationality holds at all the last decision nodes (and so the obviously irrational leaves are eliminated); but then, in the next reasoning step (going backward along the tree), some of these (last) decision nodes are eliminated, as being incompatible with (common belief in) Rationality! Hence, the assumption behind the previous reasoning step is now undermined: the reasoning player can now see, that if those decision nodes that are now declared "irrational" were ever to be reached, then the only way that this could happen is if (common belief in) Rationality failed. Hence, she was wrong to assume (common belief in) Rationality when she was reasoning about the choices made at those last decision nodes. This whole line of arguing seems to undermine itself! In this paper we use as a foundation the relatively standard and well-understood setting of Conditional Doxastic Logic (CDL, [16, 5, 7, 6]), and its "dynamic" version (obtained by adding to CDL operators for truthful public announcements [!φ]ψ): the logic PAL-CDL, introduced by Johan van Benthem [11]. In fact, we consider a slight ex-


TM Joint Arthroscopy is a technique for direct visual inspection of internal joint structures, including biopsy and other surgical procedures performed under visual control. The progress in research and applications of TMJ arthroscopy in joint disease have led to the acceptance of small operative procedures as a safe, minimally invasive means of effectively treating a number of intra-articular and degenerative TMJ problem. Arthroscopic surgery has been an effective treatment for TMJ disorders refractory to nonsurgical treatments and has been reported as successful in up to 80% of cases where outcome of arthroscopic surgery to the TMJ correlates with the stage of internal derangement. Studies have been variable in their scientific method and some long-term outcomes studies have been completed where both quality of life and functional outcome have been assessed. TMJ arthroscopy procedure offers patients a less invasive diagnostic and/or surgical procedure with rapid recovery period to obviate a need for open joint surgery.


Abstract For a large class of operator inclusions, including those generated by maps of pseudomonotone type, we obtain a general theorem on existence of solutions. We apply this result to some particular examples. This theorem is proved using the method of difference approximations.


Several abnormalities in mucins have been reported in inflammatory bowel disease (1). In ulcerative colitis (UC), mucin depletion is common (2), sulfomucins may be more decreased than sialomucins (3), binding of lectins may be abnormal (4), and a selective reduction in a mucin subclass, designated species IV, has been described (5) . The functional significance of these abnormalities remains unknown. Mucus generally is regarded as an important component of intestinal mucosal defenses. Recently we described a unique binding site for the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (IgG; FcyIBS) associated with goblet cells in the human small intestine and colon (6). In normal mucosa, the FcyIBS is present in mucin granules and appears to be secreted with mucus into the bowel lumen. We have speculated that the binding site facilitates interaction between mucus and antigenic material, such as bacteria, by IgG antibodies and thereby facilitates cleansing of the mucosal surface. In this study, we examined immunohistochemically the FcyIBS in the mucosa of patients with UC, Crohn's disease, or collagenous colitis, and also in tissues from the cotton-top tamarin (CTT, Saguinus oedipus), a new-world primate that commonly develops a colitis with similarities to UC (7,8). For localization of the FcyIBS, we used a monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated K9 (91, to a >200-kDa component of the binding site. For comparing the chromatographic species of colonic mucin glycoproteins (10).


discounting among smokers: education level and a Utility Measure of Cigarette Reinforcement Efficacy are better predictors than demographics, smoking characteristics, executive functioning, impulsivity, or time perception. Addict Behav. Elsevier Ltd 2015;45:124–33. 74. Ida T, Goto R, Takahashi Y, Nishimura S. Can economicpsychological parameters predict successful smoking cessation? J Socio Econ 2011;40:285–95. 75. Yoon JH, Higgins ST, Heil SH, Sugarbaker RJ, Thomas CS, Badger GJ. Delay discounting predicts postpartum relapse to cigarette smoking among pregnant women. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2007;15:176–86. 76. Lopez A a, Skelly JM, White TJ, Ph D, Stephen T. Does impulsiveness moderate response to financial incentives for smoking cessation among pregnant and newly postpartum. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2015;23:97–108. 77. Harris M, Penfold RB, Hawkins A, Maccombs J, Wallace B, Reynolds B. Dimensions of impulsive behavior and treatment outcomes for adolescent smokers. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2014;22:57–64. 78. Anderson KG, Diller JW. Effects of acute and repeated nicotine administration on delay discounting in Lewis and Fischer 344 rats. Behavioural Pharmacology 2010;21:754–64. 79. Secades-villa R, Weidberg S, Garc ıa-rodr ıguez O, Fern andezhermida JR, Ho J. Decreased delay discounting in former cigarette smokers at one year after treatment. Addict Behav. Elsevier Ltd 2014;39:1087–93. 80. Mitchell SH. Effects of short-term nicotine deprivation on decision-making: delay, uncertainty and effort discounting. Nicotine Tob Res 2004;6:819–28. 81. Melhuish EC, Phan MB, Sylva K, Sammons P, Siraj-Blatchford I, Taggart B. Effects of the home learning environment and preschool center experience upon literacy and numeracy development in early primary school. J Soc Issues 2008;64:95–114. 82. Duncan GJ, Brooks-Gunn J, Klebanov PK. Economic deprivation and early childhood development. Child Dev 1994;65:296–318. 83. Dearden L, Sibieta L, Sylva K. The socio-economic gradient in early child outcomes: evidence from the Millennium Cohort Study. Longit Life Course Stud 2011;2:19–40. 84. Thaler R. Some empirical evidence on dynamic inconsistency. Econ Lett 1981;8:201–7. 85. Kahneman D, Knetsch JL, Thaler RH. Anomalies: the endowment effect, loss aversion, and status quo bias. J Econ Perspect 1991;5:193–206. 86. Kahneman D, Tversky A. Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica 1979;47:263–91. 87. Nagelhout GE, de Korte-de Boer D, Kunst AE et al. Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking prevalence, consumption, initiation, and cessation between 2001 and 2008 in the Netherlands: findings from a national population survey. BMC Public Health 2012;12:303. 88. Bilano V, Gilmour S, Moffiet T et al. Global trends and projections for tobacco use, 1990–2025: an analysis of smoking indicators from the WHO Comprehensive Information Systems for Tobacco Control. Lancet 2015;385:966–76. 89. Bosdriesz JR, Willemsen MC, Stronks K, Kunst a. E. Socioeconomic inequalities in smoking cessation in 11 European countries from 1987 to 2012. J Epidemiol Community Heal 2015;69:1–7. 90. Brown T, Platt S, Amos A. Equity impact of European individuallevel smoking cessation interventions to reduce smoking in adults: a systematic review. Eur J Public Health 2014;24:551–6. 91. Bickel WK, Jarmolowicz DP, Mueller ET, Koffarnus MN, Gatchalian KM. Excessive discounting of delayed reinforcers as a trans-disease process contributing to addiction and other disease-related vulnerabilities: emerging evidence. Pharmacol Ther 2012;134:287–97. 92. Radu PT, Yi R, Bickel WK, Gross JJ, McClure SM. A mechanism for reducing delay discounting by altering temporal attention. J Exp Anal Behav 2011;96:363–85. 93. Bickel WK, Yi R, Landes RD, Hill PF, Baxter C. Remember the future: working memory training decreases delay discounting among stimulant addicts. Biol Psychiatry 2011;69:260–5.


We present new results on the spectrally resolved Lyα emission of three Lyα-emitting field galaxies at z ∼ 2.4 with high Lyα equivalent width (>100 Å) and Lyα luminosity (∼1043 erg s−1). At 120 km s−1 (FWHM) spectral resolution, the prominent double-peaked Lyα profile straddles the systemic velocity, where the velocity zero point is determined from spectroscopy of the galaxies' rest-frame optical nebular emission lines. The average velocity offset from systemic of the stronger redshifted emission component for our sample is 176 km s−1 while the average total separation between the redshifted and main blueshifted emission components is 380 km s−1. These measurements are a factor of ∼2 smaller than for UV-continuum-selected galaxies that show Lyα in emission with lower Lyα equivalent widths. We compare our Lyα spectra to the predicted line profiles of a spherical "expanding shell" Lyα radiative transfer grid that models large-scale galaxy outflows. Specifically, blueward of the systemic velocity where two galaxies show a weak, highly blueshifted (by ∼1000 km s−1) tertiary emission peak, the model line profiles are a relatively poor representation of the observed spectra. Since the neutral gas column density has a dominant influence over the shape of the Lyα line profile, we caution against equating the observed Lyα velocity offset with a physical outflow velocity, especially at lower spectral resolution where the unresolved Lyα velocity offset is a convoluted function of several degenerate parameters. Referring to rest-frame ultraviolet and optical Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we find that galaxy–galaxy interactions may play an important role in inducing a starburst that results in copious Lyα emission as well as perturbing the gas distribution and velocity field, both of which have strong influence over the Lyα emission line profile.


The derivation of Bell inequalities in terms of quantum statistical (thermodynamic) entropies is considered. Inequalities of the Wigner form are derived but shown to be extremely limiting in their applicability due to the nature of the density matrices involved. This also helps to identify a limitation in the Cerf-Adami inequalities.


The generalized secant hyperbolic distribution (GSHD) was recently introduced as a modeling tool in data analysis. The GSHD is a unimodal distribution that is completely specified by location, scale, and shape parameters. It has also been shown elsewhere that the rank procedures of location are regular, robust, and asymptotically fully efficient. In this article, we study certain tail weight measures for the GSHD and introduce a tail-adaptive rank procedure of location based on those tail weight measures. We investigate the properties of the new adaptive rank procedure and compare it to some conventional estimators.


The readership is multidisciplinary, therefore the editors encourage Introduction and Discussion sections of sufficient length and detail to ensure that readers with divergent backgrounds will find the paper intelligible.


In most countries of the world, renewable energy is increasingly used to ensure clean and sustainable energy for customers. The integration of these decentralized renewable energies to power grids, in particular the distribution part, creates several challenges in terms of control, as well as the organization of the distribution networks protection with a wide penetration of decentralized productions. Since this type of network is supplied by two sources, the transmission network and the decentralized production, in the event of a fault, part of the network is isolated from the rest of the network, for example following the opening of a circuit breaker. Several methods are used for islanding protection, either passive or active as they may be with new communication systems and each type having advantages and disadvantages. This article is developed in the context of an intelligent protection of the distribution network connected with decentralized productions of renewable type. This work aims at giving other scenarios and other possibilities for control and better exploitations of scattered renewable energies; this can be accomplished through new protection methods and organizations.


The role of dean in a business school is, by design, more strategic than tactical. And, when the various stakeholders that a dean must interact with are considered, the ability of a dean to have much of an operating knowledge of what is going on in the teaching and learning space of a school is very limited. The problem, however, is that the dean must be an advocate for this critical function of the business school mission. To understand how these two dimensions might be reconciled, this article looks at the drivers of a dean's perspective and the disengagement these drivers create. The article ends by suggesting ways for a dean to stay connected to this vital function of the school.


To assess the number and percentage of acute care hospitals in the U.S. that have adopted smoke-free hospital campus (SFHC) policies, researchers conducted an assessment from January 2008 to May 2008 of available data on SFHC policy adoption in each state. Slightly more than one third (34.4%) of acute care, non-Federal hospitals had adopted such policies, with wide variation of policy adoption between states.


Abstract In this study the subtropical cells (STC) in the Pacific Ocean are analyzed using an eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model driven by atmospheric forcing for the years 1992–2003. In particular, the authors seek to identify decadal changes in the STCs in the model and to compare them with observations in order to understand the consequences of such changes for the equatorial ocean heat and mass budgets. The simulation shows a trend toward increasing pycnocline volume transport at 9°N and 9°S across the basin from 1992 to 2003. This increase [4.9 ± 1.0 Sv (Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1)] is in qualitative agreement with observations and is attributed primarily to changes in the interior ocean transport, which are partially compensated by opposing western boundary transports. The subtropical meridional volume transport convergence anomalies in the model pycnocline are found to be consistent with anomalous volume transports in both the observed and modeled Equatorial Undercurrent, as well as with the magni...


Introduction: One of the main goals of physical education is forming students' proper attitudes towards physical exercises and culture. The study aimed to determine primary school students' attitudes towards physical culture, physical education lessons and physical activity. Material and methods: The tests were conducted at the turn of May and June 2020 among primary school students from Kraków and Tarnów. They comprised 336 students, including 141 girls. Research employed the Questionnaire for testing attitudes of the youth towards physical culture by S. Strzyżewski (Pol. Kwestionariusz do badania postaw młodzieży wobec kultury fizycznej). Results: The test results demonstrated students' positive attitudes towards physical culture. For most of the examined (76.2%) physical activity means pleasure. More than a half of the students (57.7%) are satisfied with physical education classes. Boys enjoyed physical exercises more frequently than girls. Conclusions: Students present a positive attitude towards physical culture, physical education lessons and physical activity. The level of attitudes is higher among boys than girls. It would be advisable to make physical education lessons more attractive to girls in order to form positive attitudes.


Summary form only given. Since the advent of ultrashort pulse lasers, the excitation and the detection of coherent lattice vibrations have attracted much interests.GaN is now one of the hottest materials for its enormous potential in device applications. Large acoustic lattice vibrations in GaN/InGaN multiple quantum wells were demonstrated by Sun et al. However coherent optical phonon oscillations have not been demonstrated yet for GaN. In this paper, we report the first observation of coherent optical phonon oscillations in GaN. Using time-resolved REOS technique with 15 fs, 800 nm pulses, we observe two E2 modes with frequencies of 4.304 THz and 17.03 THz and one Al mode with frequency of 22.0 THz. By the HVPE (hydride vapor phase epitaxy) method, 150 /spl mu/m thick GaN with wurtzite structure was grown along the c-axis.


A maintenance glove box, which has been installed in the equipment repair complex of the Hot Fuel Examination Facility/North (HFEF/N) for repairing sealed master-slave manipulator arms, increases personnel efficiency, reduces manpower requirements, and reduces personnel exposure to radiation. The transfer of a manipulator arm into the glove box is accomplished remotely, thus eliminating the need for a bagged transfer to a repair area. Also, the glove box provides 360-deg access to the manipulator from a clean area, eliminates the need for repair personnel to wear anticontamination clothing, and makes continuous coverage by health physicists unnecessary during repairs.