Copyright Fernandes et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. Congenital dynamic cervical instability in a dog: the role of computed tomography and 3D printing to plan and optimize the surgical approach


THIS REPORT IS AN OVERVIEW OF AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING (AVM) SYSTEMS WHICH AUTOMATICALLY DETERMINE AND MAKE AVAILABLE TO A CENTRAL POINT THE POSITION OF A GROUP OF VEHICLES. AVM SYSTEMS USED IN URBAN APPLICATIONS ARE BASED UPON, OR ARE VARIETIES OF, FOUR BASIC TECHNIQUES- RADIO PROGAGATION TIME, PROXIMITY, DEAD RECKONING, AND TRIANGULATION. THE RELATIVE MERITS OF EACH OF THESE SYSTEMS ARE DISCUSSED. ALSO INCLUDED IS A DISCUSSION OF SECONDARY SYSTEMS' FUNCTIONS (POLLING, COMPUTATION, TELEMETRY, ETC.) THAT MUST BE ADDRESSED BEFORE A WORKABLE SYSTEM CAN BE IMPLEMENTED. POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS FOR AVM SYSTEMS INCLUDE TRANSIT BUSES, POLICE VEHICLES, TAXI FLEETS, DELIVERY SERVICES, MAINTENANCE SERVICES, AND POSSIBLY MOVING VANS, WHICH WOULD REQUIRE INTER-CITY CAPABILITIES IN ORDER TO BE COMPLETELY RESPONSIVE. THE PAPER OPENS WITH A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF THE POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS, FOLLOWED BY A MORE DETAILED ANALYSIS OF AVM TECHNIQUES THAT HAVE BEEN DEMONSTRATED, TESTED, OR PROPOSED. TECHNICAL AND COST DATA ARE INCLUDED. AN APPENDIX SUMMARIZES THE COST DATA FOR ONE SPECIFIC AVM SYSTEM. /UMTA/


Translanguaging is discussed widely in the literature as a new pedagogical tool for English-medium instruction (EMI) that can challenge monolingual assumptions, mitigate English language barriers, and advocate for the full use of linguistic resources in meaning making. Different EMI lecturers have been found to hold diverse translanguaging perceptions and have adopted a variety of its functions. However, more needs to be known to close the knowledge gap between how each lecturer envisions and practices their translanguaging pedagogies, if any. Employing a qualitative method using data from semi-structured interviews and classroom observation, this study investigated three Chinese tertiary EMI engineering lecturers' translanguaging perceptions and practices. Taken together, these three cases illustrate the complex relationship between translanguaging perceptions and practices according to their interactional (e.g., students' difficulties in understanding full EMI), socio-cultural (e.g., the socially constructed value of full EMI), and personal factors (e.g., EMI teaching experiences). We propose that the negotiation among these three domains can promote or withhold the transfer of translanguaging perceptions into practice. We use our findings to call for EMI training programs to encourage lecturers' reflections regarding what languages are or can be used in EMI classrooms and how and why from socio-cultural, personal, and interactional perspectives.


We describe high-fidelity entangling gates between singlet-triplet qubits (STQs) which are coupled via one quantum state (QS). The QS can be provided by a quantum dot itself or by another confined system. The orbital energies of the QS are tunable using an electric gate close to the QS, which changes the interactions between the STQs independent of their single-qubit parameters. Short gating sequences exist for controlled not (cnot) operations. We show that realistic quantum dot setups permit excellent entangling operations with gate infidelities below ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, which is lower than the quantum error correction threshold of the surface code. We consider limitations from fabrication errors, hyperfine interactions, spin-orbit interactions, and charge noise in GaAs and Si heterostructures.


In the computation of the chromatic-aberration coefficients of a specified optical system, it is crucial that the chromatic behavior of the materials in the system be closely approximated by truncated Taylor series in one coordinate. The form of this chromatic coordinate determines the quality of the resulting approximations and is therefore of central importance. Four different forms are proposed, each being appropriate to different circumstances. The approximation of dispersive properties by polynomials in these coordinates is considered in detail. Although this method was devised solely for use in the context of aberration theory, it is found to be among the most effective means for the approximation of dispersion curves in general.


Capture-recapture studies are used to estimate the size of a population when a census may be infeasible or impossible to conduct. The basic idea of capturerecapture studies is to sample and identify individuals, or cases, from a population and then resample the population to see what fraction of individuals, or cases, in the second sample were identified in the first sample (i.e. the fraction of individuals, or cases, that were found in both samples).


Stakeholder involvement in intervention development has become increasingly popular and is understood as crucial for successful implementation. However, methodological difficulties persist regarding the implementation of appropriate participatory methods to engage children and collect relevant information for intervention development. This paper discusses four creative, qualitative methods – a brainstorming task, an individual letter, a story-based task, and a focus group task – and compares their suitability to generate relevant information for early intervention development. These four methods were used in the early stages of a project aiming to develop a peer relationship intervention and were analysed using thematic analysis. Based on theoretical considerations, information categories (a) definition aspects, (b) context factors, and (c) change mechanisms were of interest, while (d) examples and experience and (e) additional information were identified as prevalent categories through inductive thematic analysis. Definition was a prevalent theme generated by the brainstorming task, although the sticky note format limited the depth of individual answers. The secret letter, which allowed children to share ideas privately, was found to be useful for generating more in-depth reflections on definitions and personal experiences. Stories and focus group discussions were found to be useful for generating varied context factors and change mechanisms, although stories also generated fictional elements and external solutions. Providing different qualitative methods and allowing children to choose how they prefer to communicate their thoughts proved important for collecting authentic, in-depth information.


Storage systems are complicated. They often consist of multiple software modules and utility programs, each of which may have a large set of configuration parameters. For example, mke2fs has more than 80 parameters to control the configuration states of Ext-family file systems [1]. Similarly, mdadm has more than 90 parameters for configuring software RAID [2]. These diverse parameters and their combinations represent a huge space of possible configuration states, which is almost impossible to exhaust for effective testing. Moreover, there are inherent dependencies among storage software's behaviors and configurations (e.g., e2fsck's behavior may depend on an Ext4 feature which is configured by mke2fs), which makes the correctness of storage systems difficult to check or reason. Great efforts have been made to address configurationrelated issues in storage systems or general programs [8, 5, 7, 4, 3]. For example, Carver [3] combines sampling and a greedy algorithm to identify important parameters for storage system tuning. While the methodology is effective for improving storage performance, it relies on a large set of performance traces. Consequently, it cannot not be directly applied to address configuration-related correctness issues in storage systems. As another example, Xu et.al. [8] investigates the configuration requirements of 7 software systems/programs and builds a tool to automatically infer the configuration constraints. However, the tool only considers each program individually, which is fundamentally limited for identifying the complex dependencies exhibit in typical storage systems. Besides research prototypes, there are practical test suites targeting different storage systems. For example, xfstests includes more than 1400 test cases for Ext4, XFS, and other file systems. Similar, e2fsprogs includes more than 370 test cases for the utility programs of Ext-family file systems. Nevertheless, we find that the configuration coverage of these state-of-the-art test suites is surprisingly low. For example, based on our investigation, xfstests only covers 34.1% configuration parameters of Ext4 file system. Similarly, more than half of the parameters of the file system utilities are not tested by e2fsprogs. Such low coverage implies that a new methodology for effectively testing configuration-related issues in storage systems is much needed.


Natural dyes have been used for dyeing, painting, printing, and decoration since the dawn of time. However, with the manufacturing of synthetic dyes in the nineteenth century, it was revolutionised due to its extremely lasting properties and economic effectiveness. However, a new research highlights the negative implications of synthetic dyes, prompting people all over the world to reduce their use of synthetic dyes and focus on natural source colours, which have numerous advantages over synthetic dyes. These colours might be derived from animals, plants, minerals, or microorganisms. In this brief study, we will talk about natural colorants from an animal source and how to extract them using ancient and new methods that allow their counterparts to achieve equivalent properties.


The maximization of Nash welfare, which equals the geometric mean of agents' utilities, is widely studied because it balances efficiency and fairness in resource allocation problems. Banerjee, Gkatzelis, Gorokh, and Jin (2022) recently introduced the model of online Nash welfare maximization for $T$ divisible items and $N$ agents with additive utilities with predictions of each agent's utility for receiving all items. They gave online algorithms whose competitive ratios are logarithmic. We initiate the study of online Nash welfare maximization \emph{without predictions}, assuming either that the agents' utilities for receiving all items differ by a bounded ratio, or that their utilities for the Nash welfare maximizing allocation differ by a bounded ratio. We design online algorithms whose competitive ratios only depend on the logarithms of the aforementioned ratios of agents' utilities and the number of agents.


Purpose – A large amount of research deals with the identification of management practices related to new product development (NPD) success. To this purpose, assessment tools capable of helping enterprises to set up improvement processes are of extreme importance. The aim of this paper is to build a product development assessment model based upon a normative‐contingent approach.Design/methodology/approach – First, a literature review of the main approaches and models used in NPD assessment was carried out. Second, the tool was tested in five firms. The case studies allowed the authors to test the tool in its prototypal phase in order to assess both its limits and potential and also to highlight possible improvements.Findings – The assessment tool developed yields a clear understanding of the current state of product development process in an organization in order to facilitate a shared understanding of the weakness and deficiencies, to enable effective process management, to develop implementation plan to...


Lymphatic drainage leads to a significant stimula- tion of both the cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase and HMG-CoA reductase activity in rats (Bjorkhem et al. 1978. Biochm. Biophys. Res. Commun. 85: (532-540). This finding was confirmed here and it was also shown that ligation of the lymph duct leads to a similar but less pronounced effect. Ligation of the lymph duct or lymph fistulation of bile duct-ligated or cholestyramine- treated rats did not further increase 7a-hydroxylase or the HMG-CoA reductase activity. However, treatment of lymph fistula rats with cholestyramine led to a significant further sti- mulation of both 7a-hydroxylase and HMG-CoA reductase ac- tivity. Intravenous infusion of lymph into bile fistula rats led to a significant inhibition of both cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase activi- ty and HMG-CoA reductase activity. A corresponding infusion of cholesterol-enriched Intralipid led to inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase without effect on cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase activi- ty. The results show that cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase is feedback-regulated by bile acids in a situation where the flux of cholesterol to the liver is interrupted also. The possibility is dis- cussed that there is a factor in the lymph that down-regulates cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase. If such a factor exists, it requires an intact enterohepatic circulation for its effect. The stimulatory effect of cholestyramine on HMG-CoA reductase also in lymph fistula rats shows that the previously demonstrated suppressive effect of bile acids on HMG-CoA reductase is not only due to the effect of bile acids on intestinal absorption of cholesterol. The bile acid may suppress the HMG-CoA reductase either dircctly or indirectly by affecting cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase. -Akerlund, J-E., and I. Bjorkhem. Studies on the regulation of cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase and HMG-CoA reductase in rat liver: effects of lymphatic drainage and ligation of the lymph duct. J. Lipid Res. 1990. 31: 2159-2166.


Taking bridge shell of certain model automobile as an example,by use of design method of preforming tube of bulging-pressing compound-deforming process for automobile axle housing,the profile and size of preforming tube have been confirmed.The combination methods of double bulging process and favorable wrinkles have been adopted according to the size.The influence of different loading curves to bulging quality during double bulging process for preforming tube has been simulated by use of finite element simulation software ABAQUS.It is concluded that the maximum bulging pressure of three loading curves are respectively 10 MPa,20 MPa,30 MPa in the first and second bugling phases.The ideal wall thickness distribution of bulging parts has been analyzed.The simulation analysis shows that:ideal favorable wrinkles can be obtained through first bugling process under the second loading curve while the first-bugling preforming tube with better quality has been found by adding pressure;finally,the ideal preforming tube with small wall thickness reduction and feeding force has been achieved through second bulging process under the second loading curve.The max.wall thickness reduction of ideal preforming tube is 20% and max.Increasing is 50%,which can satisfy the requirement of combination of bulging-pressing compound-deforming process for automobile axle housing.


The concentration fluctuations of poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) hydrogels prepared at different preparation temperatures, Tprep's, have been studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The ensemble average light scattered intensities obtained at the scattering angle of 90°, 〈I〉E, was decomposed into two contributions:  one from the static inhomogeneities, 〈IC〉E, and the other from thermal fluctuations, IF. Contrary to the case of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) gel, 〈I〉E was a decreasing function of Tprep. This indicates that these gels have opposite Tprep dependence with respect to the static inhomogeneities. However, the liquidlike properties of these gels, such as IF and the cooperative diffusion coefficient, D, were found to be independent of Tprep, as they should be. It was also found by DLS and swelling experiments that, unlike PNIPAm gels, PAAm gels prepared by redox polymerization were subject to hydrolysis and changed to partially charged gels.


Abstract : This research continues the study by Leshko and Vosseteig (1975) along with further research conducted by Rowe, Rudeen, and Wenke (1976) in the use of situational stimuli as an aid in identifying and measuring executive capacity. Hypothesis testing was conducted that used capacity indicators which had been previously identified and isolated. Conclusions to the earlier studies claim that an individual's response to the questionnaire can be used to predict the potential success or failure of that individual in an executive role. Whereas prior research deals with executive within the private sector, the data base used in this study was comprised of top military decision makers (07 and above) from within the United States Army. The data from this study was compared with those responses from the previous studies. In addition, the data collected was used to present a profile of today's U.S. Army Generals. (Author)


Abstract The subtleties of correctly processing integers confronts developers with a multitude of pitfalls that frequently result in severe software vulnerabilities. Unfortunately, even code shown to be secure on one platform can be vulnerable on another, such that also the migration of code itself is a notable security challenge. In this paper, we provide a high-level overview of integer-based vulnerabilities that originate in code which works as expected on 32-bit platforms but not on 64-bit platforms. The changed width of integer types and the increased amount of addressable memory introduce previously non-existent vulnerabilities that often lie dormant in existing software. To emphasize the lasting acuteness of this issue, we empirically evaluate the prevalence of these flaws in the scope of Debian stable ("Jessie") and 200 popular open-source projects hosted on GitHub.


The occurrence of hemin-deficient bacterial mutants became known in 1953, when Jensen and Thofern (3) were able to isolate, by using streptomycin, a hemin-requiring mutant of Staphylococcus aureus. By their ability to grow as "small colony variants" (SCV), forming dwarf colonies in the absence of hemin, these mutants differ sharply from genuine conditioned lethal auxotrophic mutants, and resemble "leaky" mutants. [In this paper, SCV will be designated as Ncf(normal colony formation-deficient) mutants, a designation recently suggested by A. Slsarman and T. Horodniceanu (5).] "Leakiness" in this instance is, however, a phenotypic character, inasmuch as it is not determined by the type of mutation but rather by the ability of the cell to dispense to a certain extent with the cytochrome system. (This "pseudoleaky" character in Hemmutants of S. aureus might prove to express a general characteristic of most respiratory mutants of bacteria.) It goes without saying that, apart from the absence of compounds containing the porphyrin nucleus, the prominent feature of these mutants is their normal development in the presence of hemin. In 1957, Beljanski and Beljanski (1) described a hemin-requiring mutant of Escherichia coli M; the mutant had been selected by means of streptomycin. This mutant failed to synthesize catalase and cytochromes, displayed respiratory deficiency, and grew poorly on the usual culture media. Under special circumstances (e.g., anaerobiosis or, on the contrary, intensely aerated broth culture), hemin increased growth or catalase synthesis, but the surface growth of the mutant was not affected. In our studies on Ncfmutants of E. coli K-12 (obtained after selection with neomycin), we noticed that one class of these mutants formed normal colonies on medium supplemented with 50 ,ug (per ml) of A-aminolevulinic acid (A-ALA). These A-ALAmutants (SHSP8, SHSP14, and SHSP15) reminded us of similar mutants, de-


In this paper, we analyse the celebrated Haken-Kelso-Bunz (HKB) model, describing the dynamics of bimanual coordination, in the presence of delay. We study the linear dynamics, stability, nonlinear behaviour and bifurcations of this model by both theoretical and numerical analysis. We calculate in-phase and anti-phase limit cycles as well as quasi-periodic solutions via double Hopf bifurcation analysis and centre manifold reduction. Moreover, we uncover further details on the global dynamic behaviour by numerical continuation, including the occurrence of limit cycles in phase quadrature and 1-1 locking of quasi-periodic solutions.


Objective:To study the chemical constituents of volatile oil from seed of Syzygium jambos.Method:The chemical compositions of the volatile oil of the plants which were obtained by organic-team distillation with hexane were analyzed by GC-MS.The constituents were identified by their mass spectra.The relative percentage of the oil constituents was calculated from the GC peak areas.Result:21 and 15 chemical components are identified from ordinary pulverization and micro-milling of the seed of Syzygium jambos respectively.The amount of the identified components were accounted for more than 81.994% and 85.449% of all the volatile oil respectively.There were the same of 13 components in the two oils。The most relative contents was β-caryophyllene(ordinary pulverization18.623 %,micro milling 20.304%).


The role of nuclear clustering is discussed for nucleosynthesis in stellar evolution with Cluster Nucleosynthesis Diagram (CND) proposed before. Special emphasis is placed on α‐induced stellar reactions together with molecular states for O and C burning.


We examine a customer market of a homogeneous good and show that the equilibrium average price may be countercyclical by two reasons: (i) sellers' increased reputational concern, and (ii) buyers' increased price sensitivity. The model developed is a two-period extension of Reinganum's model. Our explanation nests two previous hypotheses in the literature and raises the possibility that multiple forces jointly generate countercyclical price movement. Also, it is shown that while the average price falls, the fall may be different across sellers according to their types. In particular, high-price sellers tend to reduce their prices by larger amounts than low-price sellers during peak demand periods.


Space-based systems (SBS) technology has been advancing rapidly in terms of capability, affordability, size, and reliability. As in the commercial sector, defence and military institutions are looking to improve their space capabilities by increasing the number of smaller, more affordable, and more capable satellites that are being put into service. The military is looking to extend these capabilities at the strategic level, the operational and tactical levels. Increasing the number of satellites inevitably increases the complexity of planning for and operating the resulting constellations. Therefore, the benefit of employing more satellites must be evaluated not only to justify the increase in complexity, but also to show the significant improvements that can be achieved. In this paper, we propose a method to evaluate the performance and role of different SBS within the context of intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR). An example is also given to demonstrate how different numbers of SBS can improve baseline ISR capabilities.


The influence of sports on the integral formation of nowadays children and teenagers is well known by everyone. Through sports, a unique self-identity feeling arise in them, while they work-out their bodies, physical condition and minds.
In this final degree Project, a teaching unit to work the educational values of Olympics in 6th year Physical Education classes is proposed. The aim is, mixing culture, sports and education, to apply Olympics educational ideals, and so, propitiate unique opportunities to have a positive impact on the formation of those students. The methodology used all along the teaching unit is mainly active and participative; this methodology is distinguished for having a playful component, where learning is boosted through games. It also has an interactive, creative and flexible character, given the absence of a rigid model.
For these reasons the following teaching unit is designed, along which the different values of Olympics will be worked-out through several activities, both in the classroom and in the sports field. Inculcating the Olympics ideals such as effort, respect for others, sportsmanship, etc… will be our contribution from the classroom to improve society and achieve a better world.


Abstract This descriptive research aimed to evaluate a good death and end of life care in critically ill patients from the family member's perspective. The populations were 68 family members of critically ill patient, who had died in intensive care unit (ICU), Amnatcharone Hospital, with in May 2010-April 2013. The research instruments used were Care Evaluation Scale (CES), and Good Death Inventory (GDI). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study results were the family members evaluated  that 1) end-of-life care in critically ill patients as average ( =4.37). and  2) the level of "good death" of critically ill patients as high ( =3.61). It could be concluded from this research that even though the evaluations of "good death" were at a high level, almost all aspects of end of life care in critically ill patients still need improvement. key words : care evaluation scale, good death inventory, critically ill patients, intensive  care unit, physical care, good death


This paper analyses the role of sports in contemporary societies, when confronted with economic and political models that not always consider the welfare of human beings. At the same time, the article shares in the initiative of subaltern social sectors, which give them their own uses not only to the sports also to but those other practices that at times are hostile and even contraries to their full realization. This paper is the result of several academic exercises on sports and their articulation with the disciplines that not only determine its future, but at the same time are influenced by the former. In is analysis it became necessary to establish a scene of political communication, including all the ghosts that live in the globalized society.


Background/Aim: This study was designed to identify candidate proteins which can be used for visualization of pelvic autonomic nerve during nerve-sparing surgery. Materials and Methods: Both soft tissue and vesical branch of the inferior hypogastric nerve from five women were collected during surgery. These 10 tissue specimens were analysed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for protein expression. The existence of nerve fibres was confirmed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and anti-S-100 staining. Results: A total of 413 proteins were detected. There were three proteins (isoform 1 of fibronectin, protein S100-A8 and A9) which implied a relation with pelvic autonomic nerve. In nerve tissue from one case, the existence of nerve fibre was not confirmed. Conclusion: Further large studies are expected to present more nerve-specific candidate proteins which can be used for the easy and safe identification of autonomic nerves.


Toyota has introduced a wide range of Twin Cam Multivalve engines for its passenger vehicles. This paper provides a brief history of the development of Toyota Twin Cam and Multivalve engine technology, as well as describing the basic features of these engines, including the latest Toyota Multivalve engines: The Camry Quad Cam V6 and the Supra Turbo (A).


Solid Rocket Motor (SRM) design engineers urge for a method that can design SRM with high efficiency and realize the adjustment of the parameters within limits, aiming at roughly evaluating the quality characteristics of the SRM and rapidly getting the multi-physics fields used for working process simulation under the circumstances of the burning regression. Based on the Creo platform, this paper proposed a standard process for parametric design of SRM and tracking the burning regression by utilizing the concept of Top-down modeling and the method of feature modeling respectively. Additionally, the function of modifying parameters, regenerating models, and exporting files was encapsulated in programs by the secondary development of Creo, avoiding the complexity and tediousness of manual operation.


This paper is focused on stability analysis for a class of time-varying positive linear systems with delays. Two kind of time-varying delays are taken into consideration. One is the time-varying state delay that can be unbounded. The other is the bounded distributed delay. By using a new method, a state-delay-independent and distribute-delay-dependent criterion for asymptotic stability of the system is established.


Isotope shifts in nuclear magnetic shielding have been calculated in the molecular hydrogen system by a semiempirical procedure, which assumes that the high-frequency term varies with internuclear distance R as Rm. It has been found, through a comparison with other investigations, that the choice of m = −1.9 appears to be reasonable. If this choice is taken, then the isotope shift between HD and H2 becomes (0.047 ± 0.02) × 10−6, while the shielding constant for H2 is (26.51 ± 0.3) × 10−6.


Within the literary realm, the relationship between environmental sensitivity and postcolonial woundedness is an interestingly intersecting perspective. Ecocriticism highlights Nature as a space of sociocultural values where the writer uses his imaginative bend to explore issues related to the environment, such as the maltreatment of the environment by humans and anthropocentric utilization of nature. Taking Aamer Hussein's collection of short stories, i.e., The Swan's Wife, as a sample, the current study, in this context, sheds light on how nature/environment and postcolonial understanding can serve as a metaphoric signifier for healing colonial wounds. Through a detailed qualitative content analysis, the paper explains how nature is an engaging mechanism in Aamer Hussein's selected work that assimilates diasporic imagination with eco-consciousness. The study, thus, initiates a much-needed debate between the role of ecocritical thought and postcolonial consciousness in the Pakistani context.


The Fisher Information Matrix provides the nucleus of a design procedure for obtaining parameter-insensitive feedback gains in Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian problems. The procedure minimizes a sum of performance and closed-loop sensitivity costs, the latter being related to the information content of the system response. Analytical expressions for the appended cost functional and its gradient with respect to the feedback gains are derived. These derivatives serve as the basis of a computationally efficient iterative algorithm that finds the optimal gains. Application of the technique is made to determine low sensitivity feedback gains for a C-5A wing loading alleviation system that has 15 states and 3 uncertain parameters.


This paper presents an overview of effects of channel and gate engineering separately on single gate fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs. Analytical surface potential models for graded-channel (GC) and dual-material-gate structures, each representing the effect of channel engineering and gate engineering respectively, have been developed to study the figure of merit of different structures over SOI MOSFETs. For validation, results obtained from analytical model have been compared with numerical simulation data obtained by 2-D device simulator, ATLAS™ SILVACO.


The tendency of internet users to intuitively ignore traditional online banner advertisements, called banner blindness, is well established in literature. New technical developments, such as the placement of advertisements in security elements on websites, might increase effectiveness of online advertising, as they stimulate user interaction with the advertisement. In an empirical study, we were able to show that participants' recognition of the advertisement could be vastly augmented. Further increasing user interaction led to a 5 times better recall of a previously unknown brand as compared to classical banner advertising. Practical implications are discussed.


a democratic, capitalist European nation-state. Scholars of communist eastern Europe have traditionally approached the region in a limited number of ways that tended to ignore many of the institutional or organizational components of these countries. Why study parliaments that have no power? Or constitutions and judicial structures that lack independent authority? Yet this is no longer the case. In this volume there is not a single chapter on political parties or parliament, only a passing discussion of Hungary's very interesting (and powerful) constitutional court, nothing on local government or state administration. While the idea of Hungary as a transitional state implies that such structures are far too new and untried to merit discussion, this argument is increasingly hard to sustain. Moreover, the absence of such topics within the book necessitates a resurrection of the stale debates over how to study and compare political transitions, and this makes the book feel rather dated. Accordingly, the chapters on domestic politics in Hungary are less than satisfying. Andrew Arato's chapter on Hungarian civil society concentrates on the formation of political organizations in the late 1980s (well documented elsewhere) and is surprisingly weak on how civil society has fared in the 1990s. Rudolf Tokes's analysis of social transformation is a hodgepodge of random statistics culled from various sources scattered throughout his chapter, with no hypothesis or method to provide meaning to this information. One bright spot is Anna Seleny's chapter, which discusses how the institutional patterns developed under communism have positively influenced the foundation of legitimate democratic rule. Dilemmas of Transition will be of great use to anyone seeking a wide-ranging discussion of Hungary since 1989, but its shortcomings underscore how much scholarship on the region needs to stop addressing central Europe solely in terms of its past. As long as we keep thinking of Hungary as "in transition," we avoid having to confront some of the most important and interesting developments in diis country and the wider region to which it belongs.


[32137-73-8] C10H13NSSi (MW 207.40)

InChI = 1S/C10H13NSSi/c1-13(2,3)10-11-8-6-4-5-7-9(8)12-10/h4-7H,1-3H3

InChIKey = MNXBVXVIRAIAEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(silyl heterocycle that reacts with a variety of electrophiles)

Physical Data: bp 139 °C/15 mmHg; nD25 = 1.57.

Solubility: sol all organic solvents.

Analysis of Reagent Purity: NMR.

Purification: vacuum distillation.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: can be stored indefinitely in the refrigerator in the absence of moisture.


A series of minivan-pedestrian collisions was simulated, and pre-impact body orientation was found to considerably affect the mechanical responses of injury predictors for traumatic brain injury (TBI). The maximum average traction force generated in the cervical spinal cord prior to head strike took its peak value when the pedestrian was subjected to purely lateral head rotation in a sideways collision and decreased by up to one-half in a symmetric manner as the pedestrian changed his direction toward or away from the vehicle. The intracranial strain concentration and the cumulative strain damage measure following the head strike increased by more than 60% as the initial pedestrian configuration changed from the backward to frontal collision. Since the outcome of injury predictors is closely associated with an initial body facing angle to the striking vehicle, regulatory impactor tests should consider the effects of pre-impact body orientation for accurately assessing real-world TBIs in the future.


A direct C(sp2)—H activation/intramolecular amination reaction of 6-anilinopurine derivatives using PhI(OAc)2 as oxidant in AcOH/Ac2O as solvent affords the title fused purines.


Author Is analyzed amorphology of amammoth remains of of the Paleolithic location Khotylevo 1.Found that the teeth belong to the mammoth individuals within several adaptive type, differing from one another in time. It is assumed the metachronous of cultural sediments in Paleolithic location.


Previously proposed differential modulation schemes for time-varying channels may not achieve the full transmit diversity and the maximum Doppler diversity simultaneously. Based on an existing basis expansion model, a new differential space-time code, which wisely combines interleaver/de-interleaver with traditonal space-time transmitting technique to overcome such limitation,.is presented. Two noncoherent differential decoders, named decision-feedback differential detector ( DF-DD) and Viterbi-algorithm-based multiple-symbol-detection differential detector (MSD-DD), are also derived. We show that our design may recover data symbols with full antenna diversity and the maximum Doppler diversity at high signal-to-noise ratio. System performance is evaluated with simulations.


Poly(4,4'-oxydiphenylpyromellitimide) polyimide thin films and thin-wall shells were made by the vapor-deposition techniques for use in the National Inertial Confinement Fusion Program. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, elastic modulus and strain behavior) of the films were equivalent (or slightly improved) when compared to solvent-cast films with the same chemical composition. The permeability of the films was changed over a wide range by controlling the processing conditions.


Recent space flight results in radiation biology radiation dosimetry biological response future plans mechanisms underlying cellular radiosensitivity and R.B.E role of heavy ion radiation in mutation and evolution of life space radiation effects in integrated biological systems solar particle events in deep space missions galactic cosmic ray risk assessment in near earth and deep space missions correlations of laboratory radiation experiment results with space measurements and comparison with models and predictions. (Part Contents).


The case for corrective economic policies as stated in Econ101 is relatively straightforward. In some instances, there is a wedge between the private costs (or benefits) resulting from some choice made by an economic agent and the social costs (or benefits) accruing to society. Such a wedge occurs when markets fail to mediate properly some economic interactions; that is, when there is an externality. In such a case, the privately optimal decision made by the agent does not lead to a socially optimal outcome. For instance, investors underinvest when they cannot appropriate all the positive returns from their investments. Firms overproduce goods, whose production damages the environment at no cost to them, and so on. Pigou's (1920) ingenious solution to this type of problem is to impose a tax (or a subsidy) so that the private and social costs are made equal. In other words, whenever there is an externality, an appropriately chosen Pigovian tax or subsidy can make agents internalize the external effects of their choices so that the privately optimal decision leads to a socially optimal outcome. After exposing the details of this argument, the Econ101 textbook typically points out that such taxes and subsidies are difficult to implement empirically because of their informational requirements. Then the textbook usually ends the discussion on this topic and turns to something else. From a policy perspective,


Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results from a wide range of disease processes that vary in prevalence across the world. However, the manifestations and complications of CKD are broadly common to all causes of CKD and result from the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products, abnormal electrolyte, water, and acid-base regulation, and loss of regulated production of erythropoietin, renin, and vitamin D. This chapter provides an overview of the approach to the patient with CKD and then provides a structured description of the pathogenesis of the complications of CKD according to the organ or system affected, including the cardiovascular system, the liver and gastrointestinal tract, the endocrine system, the skin, the nervous system, and the blood.


Taking Jinbi road of Kunming as the research object,comprehensive on the status of Jinbi road form the structure and function,basic facilities,plant and comedy landscape.I would identify its shortcomings,and provid some suggestions about reconstruction designand of some regional landscape on Jinbi road so that focus on shaping the Jinbi road into a beautiful,ecology,convenience,and the rich of Yunnan minority folk-custom Kunming landscape avenue.


Overweight and obesity account for over 50 000 "avoidable" cases of cancer in European Union countries every year, 9000 of which are in the United Kingdom alone.

Speaking at a conference in London on obesity, nutrition, and cancer last week, organised by the World Cancer Research Fund and sponsored by the Department of Health, experts warned that the rapidly rising prevalence of obesity is taking a huge toll on global health.

Obesity is thought to increase the overall risk of cancer by 25% in men and 37% in women, and it particularly …


By using subjective personal introspection, this paper describes the consumption of movies as a holistic experience. After reviewing the current literature, the author is discussing the consumption of movies as a holistic lived experience. He then provides rich evidence by describing his personal lived experience in the consumption of the recently released movie Pride & Prejudice. The introspective data suggest that a number of different factors contribute to the enjoyment of the movie, which include a) the consumed media format, b) the engagement with the movie and its components, c) the individual consumption context, d) the social consumption context, e) the atmosphere during consumption, f) the collection of movie-related memorabilia and g) the intertextuality between the movie experience and the consumer's personal life experience.


Fish otoliths are commonly used to estimate somatic growth rate, but this depends on the assumption that the otolith and body grow in direct proportion. Environmental conditions contribute to variability in somatic growth and can result in deviations from direct proportionality in the otolith-to-somatic size relationship. In the present study we examined the otolith-to-body size relationship for juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) subjected to simulated seasonal (summer, autumn and winter) water temperatures and feeding rations. The otolith-to-somatic size relationship became uncoupled during summer between fish subjected to the cool (15°C) and hot (21°C) water temperatures. A food ration effect was also observed during the summer, such that fish fed an unlimited ration had smaller otoliths than equivalently sized fish fed a limited ration. The effects of water temperature and ration disappeared by the end of autumn, indicating that a seasonal compensatory response occurred in the otolith-to-somatic size relationship after the extreme temperatures and food limitations were alleviated. In winter, this relationship became uncoupled again, but only between fish that were fed throughout the winter and fish that were starved during the 3-month experimental period. The effects of water temperature and rations on the otolith-to-somatic size relationship of juvenile Chinook salmon could have implications for accurately estimating somatic growth from otolith growth in natural populations and should be incorporated into back-calculation techniques.


With the construction of a productivity of gas block the continuous development, S209 wellblock effusion gas well growing, rich water gas well management difficulty is continuously increasing, and how to control the water gas recovery and eliminate wellbore effusion has become an urgent need to resolve problems. Therefore, 2012 water control gas recovery, drainage gas recovery measures to carry out optimization research, and through the development of new type double pad plunger gas lift technology field test, effectively improve the effusion of gas Wells with liquid ability and stable production ability, for later effusion idling gas well production provide a new technical means.


Data analyzed from a total of 568 eyes included in a prospective study of Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty indicate that the time from donor death to surgery affects endothelial cell density loss and risk of graft dislocation, but more data are needed to understand possible associations better.


The diastereomeric mixture of d/l-2,7-diaminooctanedioyl-bis(YRLRY-NH2) (BVD-74D, 2) was described in the literature as a high affinity Y4 receptor agonist. Here we report on the synthesis and pharmacological characterization of the pure diastereomers (2R,7R)- and (2S,7S)-2 and a series of homo- and heterodimeric analogues in which octanedioic acid was used as an achiral linker. To investigate the role of the Arg residues, one or two arginines were replaced by Ala. Moreover, N(ω)-(6-aminohexylaminocarbonyl)Arg was introduced as an arginine replacement (17). (2R,7R)-2 was superior to (2S,7S)-2 in binding and functional cellular assays and equipotent with 17. [(3)H]Propionylation of one amino group in the linker of (2R,7R)-2 or at the primary amino group in 17 resulted in high affinity Y4R radioligands ([(3)H]-(2R,7R)-10, [(3)H]18) with subnanomolar Kd values.


We describe the effects of electrochemical pretreatment of glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) on the electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of the Ru(bpy)32+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine)/tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) system. It has been found that the oxidation of TPrA at the anodically pretreated GCEs became more facile, while the intensity of ECL could be greatly suppressed. The contravention between the electrochemical reaction kinetics and the light emission intensity of the coreactant ECL system was reported for the first time and has been attributed to the rapid deprotonation of TPrA•+ cation radicals by the aid of oxygen-containing surface species formed on the GCE during the pretreatment. Because the lifetime of TPrA•+ was reduced, the products of the deprotonation reaction, TPrA• free radicals, would be more subject to oxidative consumption on the electrode subsequently, leading to weaker ECL signals. When the ECL was produced mainly following a catalytic route, however, the electrode surface effect was muc...


A total of 360 barrows (DNA Line 200×400; initially 6.2 ± 0.03 kg) were used in a 38-d study to evaluate the interactive effects of added dietary calcium carbonate and benzoic acid on nursery pig growth performance, fecal dry matter, and blood Ca and P concentration. Upon arrival to the nursery research facility, pigs were randomly assigned to pens (5 pigs/pen) and pens were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments (12 pens/treatment). Dietary treatments fed from d 0 to 24 were formulated to provide 0.45, 0.90, or 1.35% calcium carbonate with or without 0.5% benzoic acid (VevoVitall, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ). Diets were fed in 3 phases with total Ca of 0.66, 0.83, or 1.00% Ca from d 0 to 10, and 0.54, 0.72, or 0.89% from d 10 to 24. A common diet was fed from d 24 to 38 (0.68% Ca). Serum Ca and P was analyzed on d 21. There were no calcium carbonate×benzoic acid interactions observed for any response criteria (P > 0.10). For the experimental period (d 0 to 24), there was a tendency for benzoic acid to improve ADG (P = 0.056) and ADFI (P = 0.071) with no influence on G:F (P>0.10). Increasing calcium carbonate linearly reduced (P < 0.05) G:F. For serum analysis, serum Ca increased (linear, P < 0.001) as the level of dietary calcium carbonate increased. There were no differences (P > 0.010) in fecal DM. For the overall study (d 0 to 38), pigs fed benzoic acid had increased ADG (P = 0.011) and ADFI (P = 0.030) and marginally improved (P = 0.096) G:F. Calcium carbonate level did not influence overall performance. This data suggests that lower levels of calcium carbonate may improve feed efficiency in early nursey period. Adding benzoic acid to the diet for nursery pigs increased ADG and ADFI, and tended to increase G:F regardless of the calcium carbonate level.


The aim of this research is to make 3D digital Story-telling Media on Batik Learning in Vocational High School. The digital story-telling developed in this research is focused on 3D-based story-telling. In contrast to the digital story-telling that has been developed in existing learning, this research is expected to be able to improve understanding of vocational students about the value of local wisdom batik more meaningful and "live". The process of making 3D digital story-telling media consists of two processes, namely the creation of 3D objects and the creation of 3D object viewer. 1.Introduction Digital story-telling is a new direction in the study of learning media and a part of the humanities discipline. This media unites computer, science, and visual culture [1]. Digital story-telling is designed in a multimedia form consisting of text, images, audio, and video [2]. Digital story-telling is a new technology in the field of learning media that contains elements of culture pedagogy. The development of this pedagogical aspect is not only a cognitive dimension but also the affective or value dimension that needs to be embraced in life [3]. Introduction aspect and internalization process value can be lifted from local wisdom value. Digital story-telling is believed to be able to uncover the "ideology" or meaning contained within the culture and the unique identity of a community [4]. Identity setting of a community which becomes the focus is shown in the digital story-telling. Digital story telling without the elements of community is less able to express the moral message of a culture powerfully [2]. The digital story-telling elements that are important to display in the learning setting are emotional content, voice and images, economy (brief in presentation), and pacing [5]. Digital story-telling needs to contain elements of information, visual, technology, and media literacy [2]. Digital stories consist of three main elements: personal, informative / instructional, and historical stories. [4] Other components of digital story-telling are digital media software, computers, image capture devices, and audio capture devices [6]. The main approach that underlies the digital story-telling learning media is narrative approach [3] [4]. The narrative approach in the educational context is a means for critical reflection and identity


A major concern of blockchain systems is to scale up their throughput. Many improvements and novel consensus protocols have been proposed to address this issue, but they are intrinsically limited by the message synchronization latency of the underlying peer-to-peer (P2P) network. Most existing implementations of blockchain systems are based on the unstructured random overlay disseminating networks, which often results in a heavy-tailed delivery latency distribution, impairing the decentralization property of the blockchain system. To overcome these constraints, this research proposes Urocissa, a structured overlay protocol to reduce the delivery latency and to improve steadiness for blockchain systems. By exploiting the unique characteristics of blockchain traffic and network heterogeneity, the protocol maintains multiple minimum latency broadcasting trees in a distributed way, whereby each node communicates with its neighbors and makes decisions sovereignly to balance relaying tasks among participants. Experiments show that the proposed protocol significantly reduces block delivery and confirmation latency compared to the conventional blockchain delivery network protocols.


Existing general purpose simulation software is not adequate for studying large, flexible spacecraft with digital controllers because it will not accept sampled-data equations or link to state-of-the-art structural modeling software. The MODEL S sim ulation language was developed to handle the first of these problems. It will accept mathematical models involving both differential equations and sampled-data equations. Computa tional delays can also be included. This makes MODEL S useful for the simulation of many digital controllers. Simple examples and an actual spacecraft controller show the language's power, flexibility, and ease of use. Planned enhancements include multirate sampling capability, software mode control and event sensing, and linkage to complex plant models.


The problem in this research is the low learning outcomes IPA Elementary School third-grade students 011 Sidorejo ie with an average of 61.95 with KKM 65. This is because the teacher is still less varied in using models or strategies in the learning process that resulted in the current active students are less involved learn. The study is in the form of classroom action research (PTK). This study aims to improve learning outcomes IPA Elementary School third-grade students 011 Sidorejo. The formulation of the problem "Does the application of the type learning model Numbered Head Together (NHT) can improve learning outcomes IPA third grade students of SD Negeri 011 Sidorejo?". Subjects of this study third grade students of 20 people consisting of 6 men and 14 women. research results show that the activity of teachers has increased by 66.66% in the first cycle to 87.5%. Activities of students also increased by ie from 91.66% to 95.83% in the second cycle. Learning outcomes of students has increased from a base score with an average of 61.95 increased by 62.5% to 75 at UH Cycle I, subsequently at the UH second cycle students on average increased by 87.5% to 95.83%. The completeness classically increased from 59.75% to preliminary data increased to 67.75% in the first cycle, subsequently increased to 80.5%. From these data it can be concluded that the application of the type of learning model Numbered Head Together (NHT) can improve learning outcomes IPA third grade students of SD Negeri 011 Sidorejo.


Laser generating of powder mixtures combines laser technology, powder technology and CAD-CAM. In this way, it is possible to produce complex 3D-objects for prototyping, tooling or manufacturing. This technique allows producing freeform solid parts, directly from a CAD database. In additive process, the part is built up in thin layers. Such techniques compete in low production number situations, as production of prototypes, visualization models, or part on demand. Titanium alloy has been studied more than other materials because of its particular properties, but the results of the


This study examined the relationship between 14 middle class kindergarteners' oral language and their reading achievement in 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades. Individual children's ranks on 61 oral language features derived from the author's previous microethnography were compared to their ranks on California Test of Basic Skills and Reading Miscue Inventory scores using Kendall and multiple regression equations. Several oral language features had positive though not usually significant correlations with 4th and 5th (but not 3rd) grade reading measures and their contributions to the variance in the multiple regression equations were generally substantial. The trend toward a positive relationship of these features with later reading measures was consistent and provocative. Metalinguistic awareness (print awareness and offering or requesting definitions or etymologies), correcting self or others' behavior or propositions, and the use of the interactive functions of language across whole sessions and within specific activities that were not teacher directed (e.g. free play) were the oral language features that presaged later reading achievement. The implication of these results is that classroom situations which impose the fewest constraints on children's speaking may be the ones that correspond most closely to the interactive reading processes used by mature readers.


Using an estimated dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, I show that shocks to a common international stochastic trend explain on average about 10% of the variability of output in several small developed economies. These shocks explain roughly twice as much of the volatility of consumption growth as the volatility of output growth. When the model is expanded to include a common stationary productivity shock, the model attributes around 23% of the variability of output to those international common innovations. Country-specific disturbances account for the bulk of the volatility in the data. Substantial heterogeneity in the estimated parameters and stochastic processes translates into a rich array of impulse responses across countries.


In this paper an efficient protocol, called Immediate Group ACKTree (IGA), is proposed to support reliable multicast service for mobile ad hoc networks. For most reliable multicast protocols, a recovery scheme is used to ensure end-to-end delivery of unreliable multicast packets for all group members. IGA use a directly-related based recovery mechanism that localizes ACKs and retransmissions to avoid forward and feedback flooding. Our approach constructs an immediate ACK tree to three generations of nodes and uses efficient Fast-Upstream recovery algorithm to maintain reliable multicast and reduce overhead. When a tree is fragmented due to a departed node, the fragments will be glued back to the tree using the directly repair protocol. IGA adopts an adaptive scheme to recover missed packets that have been multicast to the group during fragmentation. We simulate the performance among IGA, FAT and source ACK approaches. The results show that IGA achieves better performance in terms of reliability, scalability, and delivery efficiency in ad hoc networks due to the speedy of recoverable service.


Thomas Kuhn's importance for further development of thinking about science and, in particular, for the rise of the sociology of scientific knowledge is usually associated with his The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, whereas his preceding historical works are seldom reflected in this regard. This paper analyzes the latter and attempts to describe the methodology of Kuhn's approach to the history of science applied in them. By comparing it with the tenets of the early sociology of scientific knowledge (Barry Barnes, David Bloor), the paper attempts to find out to what extent should Kuhn's historical works be recognized as influential from the perspective of sociological approach. Since these works originated at the time when historiography of science was under strong influence of Alexandre Koyré, the paper also examines the methodology of his works and evaluates how much Kuhn's approach surpasses standard post-war historiography of science in the vein of Koyré's tradition.


Abstract In Slovakia, women are poorly represented in politics and public life. Yet it is the first country in Central Europe with a female president. By applying a mixed-methods approach to analyzing an original dataset containing media coverage of leading presidential candidates (n = 1492), this study explores how the media covered them and discusses under what conditions gender-stereotypical coverage could be detrimental or beneficial to electoral outcomes. The results show media outlet type was not significantly associated with a gender-stereotypical attribution of communal and agentic traits to candidates. Tabloids and quality press equally perpetuated gender stereotypes. Irrespective of their gender, journalists were more likely to depict women candidates as possessing communal qualities perceived as incompatible with leadership. However, findings from the qualitative analysis suggest that when corruption perception is high, and public trust in institutions is low, communal traits stereotypically attributed to women are appreciated. Novelty also works to women's advantage. These findings have important implications for women candidates' campaign strategies.


OBJECTIVE
To determine immunohistochemical expression of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and its association with clinical features and prognosis.

METHODS
EOC patients treated in Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Medical College and Vajira Hospital during 1996-2003, and with available pathological tissue sections, were identified. Immunohistochemical staining was accomplished with antibodies to COX-1 and degree of expression was categorized into low and high for assessment of any. association with clinicopathological factors and survival.

RESULTS
One-hundred and seven patients were included in the study, with a median age of 50 years. Most had stage I and III disease. The most common histologic subtype was serous carcinoma. Overall, we found COX-1 expression in 83.2 %. Non-mucinous lesions had significant higher levels of expression than mucinous tumors, but there was no link expression with other clinicopathological factors or survival.

CONCLUSIONS
EOCs showed highexpression of COX-1, especially with a non-mucinous histology, but this appears to lack prognostic significance.


Computational simulation of flow and heat -transfer characteristics of a single isolated liquid plug (of glycerin and water, respectively) flowing in a round capillary tube (internal diameter, D = 2.0 mm), so as to understand its local thermo-hy- drodynamic transport behavior, is reported. Both, constant heat flux and constant-tem - perature boundary conditions have been considered at the tube wall. When an isolated liquid plug moves in a capillary tube, there is a difference in the advancing and receding dynamic contact angles of the two menisci, respectively. This has been considered in the simulations. The linearized simplification of Hoffman-Tanner's law is used to model the variation in the two respective apparent dynamic contact angles with the velocity of the liquid plug (i.e., Ca = µU/σ). Simulations are carried out for a range of Capillary numbers and lengths of liquid plugs (L/D ratio). It has been found that variation in dy- namic contact angle leads to an enhanced local and average heat-transfer coefficient in the moving liquid plug; the local fluid circulation being affected by menisci deformation. In addition, as the length of the liquid plug is increased, the heat-transfer coefficient decreases and finally shows the asymptotic transport behavior of Poiseuille flow. Other than the flow Capillary number, the fluid Prandtl number and the L/D ratio of the liquid plug, strongly affect the local thermo hydrodynamics.


The 4-1BB ligand(4-1BBL) expressed on antigen-presenting cells(APC) interacts with 4-1BB on activated T cells(especially CD8+ cells) and co-stimulates the latter to secrete cytokines and to proliferate.To date,there are only limited data on APC transfection in vivo.To further explore the 4-1BBL gene transfer in vivo and to understand the effect of 4-1BBL gene transfer in immunoreaction.A recombinant vaccine bacteria containing 4-1BBL were generated and the invasion of these vaccines were detected in vitro by incubation with HepG2 cells.This vaccines were then fed on rat with 3 times in 2 weeks,and 14 days after the end of irrigation,the level of phenotype change in peripheral blood cells and spleen cells was determined by flow cytometry.It was demonstrated that this recombinant vaccine containing 4-1BBL in vitro could successfully carry foreign gene and resulted in expression of rat 4-1BBL on HepG2 cells.Report gene of the green fluorescent protein(GFP) in splenocytes were detected by RT-PCR and fluorescent microscopy.There were significantly increased expression of 4-1BBL and 4-1BB in peripheral blood cells(PBC)and splenocytes.The up-regulation of CD3+,CD3+CD8+,and CD3+CD25+ in PBC and CD3+CD8+,CD3+CD25+on spleen cells were also detected.Thus,this vaccine can achieve APC with 4-1BBL gene transfected in vivo,which is a promising adjuvant to enhance immune function.


This thesis expands upon modern studies of Cicero's prose rhythm to provide an interpretation of his purpose in using the heroic clausula (the concluding rhythm of a sentence consisting of a dactyl followed by a spondee). Cicero's evaluation of heroic clausulae in his rhetorical treatises and his practice of using heroic clausulae in orations appear to be at odds with each other, making his use of this clausula a contentious point for scholars. After reviewing the basic principles of prose rhythm, I examine those that Cicero puts forth in his rhetorical treatises. I then examine previous arguments by modern scholars concerning Cicero's use of the heroic clausula. Through analyses of instances of this clausula in his orations, I conclude that Cicero frequently takes advantage of the negative perception of this rhythm in prose speech to augment his tone of invective.


Development of Islam in Indonesia or in the local domain did not show the same performance as in his homeland, namely in the Arab lands. This is due to the acculturation the values of Islam and the local culture. Variabilities in Islamic appearance is also showed the variabilities in understanding on Islam.  Applying variable approaches on Islam, textual-contextual and functional-structural, will show the varieties of Islam too: normative Islam, factual Islam, ideal Islam or universal Islam, and Local Islam. From this illustrates that in reality, we are often confronted with the face of normative Islam, Islamic factual, ideal or universal Islam and the local Muslim. The study found the patterns of understanding and attitude of inclusive-exclusive, with all the effects that will be caused, either constructive or destructive, supporting or undermined the development of Islam. Based on the finding,  it is needed a concept and strategy of da'wa which is really effective and approved by multi-culture society like Indonesia.


The development and administration of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are seeing lower numbers of COVID-19 cases and fatalities among fully vaccinated, immunocompe- tent adults. We present a case of fatal COVID-19 pneumonia in a heart transplant recipient who had received two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine before the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had recommended additional doses.


Moxibustion has been known by more and more people as a traditional Chinese treatment technique. Although the mechanism of moxibustion is not clear, the therapeutic effect of moxibustion is obvious to all. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether moxibustion can alleviate the fatigue state after the movement of human body by means of biomechanics testing. Therefore, analysis of hip, knee and ankle kinematics during forefoot landing from a vertical jump and comparison of moxibustion treatment versus no treatment could identify further evidence of its practicality when dealing with exercise induced fatigue. The joint angle and the angular velocity of the joint were obtained from Vicon motion anakysis system, and peak vGRF and time was measure with Kistler. Overall, it can be concluded that moxibustion can have a direct effect on a UK citizens vertical jump lower limb kinematics during a fatigued state. This was particularly evident within the significant differences between peak knee angle during the take-off phase and peak ankle angle during the take-off and landing phases. Furthermore, statistically significant differences between the vertical jumps angular velocity of the knee and hip joints provide further evidence that moxibustion treatments physiological adaptations can alter and improve vertical jump biomechanics. Moreover, not only did moxibustion treatment improve peak angles and angular velocity, statistically significant differences in jump time were evident providing further evidence that moxibustion can in fact improve fatigued individuals jumping kinematics, but there is no significant different in peak vGRF. Evidence from these results could perhaps suggest that moxibustion could be used as an injury preventative measure to reduce fatigue and aid performance. Further investigation with a larger sample size and perhaps an alternative control is required to further validate these findings.


We present the detection of a sample of galaxies which are extremely faint in the optical and near-infrared but bright at mid-infrared wavelengths. This population of galaxies, missed by the deepest HST surveys such as CANDELS or Hubble Frontier Fields, are considerably bright in IRAC. The bulk of the sample (65%) is located in a 2σ region around the main sequence. Approximately 20% of the Balmer Break Galaxies (BBGs) are very dusty starbursts with strong mid-to-far infrared detections and extreme star formation rates. The remaining, 15%, are located more than 2σ below the main sequence and might be either regular star-forming galaxies or quiescent systems. Nearly one third of them are MIPS emitters, most probably revealing the presence of an obscured AGN co-existing with the intense star formation, as measured by Herchel. Only 2 sources are detected in X-rays and 3 at sub-millimiter or radio wavelengths. Our results point out that BBGs significantly contribute (35%) to the general population of massive red galaxies at z= 4−6 and that one of every ten massive log(M/M ) > 11 galaxies in the local Universe was assembled in the first 1.5 Gyr after the Big Bang.


The teaching of adults is a complex, pluralistic, and multi-faceted enterprise, but there have been no published studies that beyond identification and description of perspectives toward measurement and quantitative forms of validation. This paper traces our progress toward developing and operationalizing five common perspectives on teaching adults with a new instrument called the Teaching Perspectives Inventory (TPI) Over a half-century of research has revealed that the teaching of adults is a complex, pluralistic, and multi-faceted enterprise. Yet within the past several years much of the research has shown a surprisingly high level of correspondence in identifying qualitatively different perspectives on teaching. For example, in reviewing thirteen studies conducted between 1983 and 1996, Kember (1997) found only five substantively different views of teaching in higher education. All of those studies found that people conceived of teaching in ways that were remarkable similar to one or more of five perspectives on teaching. Thus, while there may be a great many variations in personal style, there seem to be relatively few substantively different ways to conceptualize the teaching of adults, at least in the context of higher education. To date, there have been no published studies that move this work beyond identif ication and description toward measurement and quantitative forms of validation. This paper traces our progress toward developing and operationalizing five common perspectives on teaching adults with a new instrument called the Teaching Perspectives Inventory (TPI). Conceptual Framework This work is grounded in the empirical and conceptual work of Pratt (1992; 1998). Four of his perspectives closely parallel conceptions found in Kember's review. A fifth perspective, Social Reform, was kept intact for this study because it represented the views of a small but important group of adult educators involved in social change movements. We have taken these conceptual categories (Table 1 Summary of Perspectives) and translated them into items related to actions, intentions, and beliefs about learning, teaching, and knowledge. As they are now defined and operationalized, the five perspectives are labeled Transmission, Apprenticeship, Developmental, Nurturing and Social Reform. Instrument Development Instrument development has evolved through successive stages of operationalizing Pratt's five perspectives into five scales concerning actions, intentions, and beliefs related to teaching. Starting with an initial 75-item, 6-point scale version and culminating in a 45-item, 5-point scale version. In 1993, an original pool of nearly one hundred items was reviewed and refined by a panel of trained adult educators acting as judges, who tested them against the conceptual framework; their inter-judge reliability in assigning items to the correct conceptual perspective was .87. The resulting 75 items were initially drafted into 6-point Likert-scale formats for response by 471 teachers of adult night school learners. Item analyses confirmed high testretest reliabilities (.88) and internal scale consistencies (alpha=.79). Factor analyses showed that the internal structure among the items corroborated the scale scoring as posited by the item development procedures with correlations between factor scores and scale scores averaging .77. Of these teachers, 63% possessed one clearly dominant perspective and another 31% showed two dominant perspectives (Chan, 1994). In 1997, a new group of eighteen adult educators reviewed a reduced and refined set of 45 items and classified them into the appropriate perspectives with over 95% accuracy. Their review indicated that the instrument could be further shortened without loss of precision (Table 2 – Sample Items). This 45-item streamlined version has been further tested on more than 25 groups of teachers of adults in law, pharmacy, dietetics, workforce training, nursing, industry, fitness, as well as on adult education graduate students and in locations spanning Canada, the United States and Singapore. These 1000+ respondents confirm the high internal consistencies of the streamlined instrument's five scales: alpha reliabilities are Transmission .81, Apprenticeship .88, Developmental .85, Nurturance .92, Social Reform .82 and the overall internal consistency is .80. More importantly, it shows that when teachers examine their own profiles, they recognize themselves and furthermore, colleagues recognize each others' orientations to teaching as represented in the profiles yielded by the TPI. When teachers' perspectives scores are correlated with their rating of short, one-paragraph descriptors of the five perspectives (Table 1), there are moderate and significant correlations between their scale scores and the descriptive paragraphs—in other words, teachers' TPI scores validate their selfdescriptions. Findings In total, more than 1000 respondents have thus far contributed to establishing baseline norms. As a result, respondents' individual scores can now be compared against norms of large numbers of teachers of adults (Table 3 Sample Profile) and specific occupational groups (Table 4 Dominant Perspective by Occupation). Across all who have taken the TPI, mid-range scores are common for Apprenticeship, Developmental and Nurturing, with somewhat lower scores common for Transmission. Still lower scores characterize the Social Reform Perspective, indicating that individuals are less committed to Social Reform (see the 50 percentile bar in Figure 3). Among their individual scores, teachers of adults commonly possess one, and sometimes two, dominant perspectives, that is, perspectives with scores one standard deviation or more above their personal mean—the mean of all five of their TPI scores. They also commonly hold one perspective as 'recessive,' indicating their score on that perspective is one or more standard deviations below their personal mean. Teachers that are newer in their careers, and those still in training, tend to have higher Nurturing scores. Teachers whose learners are comparatively older show somewhat lower Nurturing scores. Professionals with greater fractions of their job duties devoted to teaching show higher Developmental and Nurturing scores (Table 4 – Dominant Perspectives by Occupation). None of the scales show gender biases (Collins, 1998). Not surprisingly, the largest single fraction of teachers indicate Nurturing as their dominant perspective (43.7%); and as expected, less than two percent of all respondents held Social Reform as their dominant perspective. However, of the 1000+ TPI respondents, only 11% held a dominant Developmental orientation to teaching—a finding that seems to contradict the conventional discourse about constructivist orientations to learning and teaching. Some 16.9% showed Transmission as dominant, 20.8% showed Apprenticeship, and 5.8% showed no dominant perspective. An additional 200+ post-baccalaureate students in teacher education programs are at the beginning stages of a four-year longitudinal study to better understand the effects of formal training and subsequent entry into professional practice on the development of teaching perspectives. We are also following twelve university faculty members for four years to better understand changes in their or ientation to teaching both during and following a formal training certificate program in higher education teaching. Discussion Over the past five years there has been a resurgence of interest in teaching in adult and higher education. In adult education, this can be seen in the increased presence of papers on teaching within the proceedings of CASAE, AERC, and SCUTREA. Within higher education this resurgence is evident in the emergence of centres for faculty development and teaching at colleges and universities around the world. Once again, teaching has reclaimed a place of honor in adult and higher education. At the same time, there is a call for teachers of adults to be critically reflective in their practice of teaching. For several years now professions have pushed for their members to reflect critically on the underlying assumptions and values that give direction and justification to their work. For many teachers this is not an easy task. What is it that one should reflect upon? How are the underlying values and assumptions to be identified? In other words, the objects of critical reflection are not self-evident. Indeed, it is something of a new twist to look not only at the world, but at the very lenses through which we view the world. The Teaching Perspectives Inventory gives direction to the process of critical reflection by providing a baseline of information as well as articulating teachers' own beliefs about learning, knowledge, and the social role of "teacher." Initial work with the groups mentioned above suggests that the TPI provides a means of tracking and looking more deeply at the underlying values and assumptions that constitute teachers' perspectives on teaching. The TPI also provides a wellarticulated basis from which to justify and defend approaches to teaching when under review or evaluation. Table 1: Summary of Five Perspectives on Teaching Transmission From a Transmission Perspective, effective teaching assumes instructors will have mastery over their content. Those who see Transmission as their dominant perspective are committed, sometimes passionately, to their content or subject matter. They believe their content is a relatively well-defined and stable body of knowledge and skills. It is the learners' responsibility to master that content. The instructional process is shaped and guided by the content. It is the teacher's primary responsibility to present the content accurately and efficiently to learners. Apprenticeship From an Apprenticeship Perspective, effective teaching assumes that instructors will be experienced practitioners of what they are teaching. Those


Part I. The Shape of Contemporary Political Theology: 1. European political theology Jurgen Moltmann 2. Liberation theology Miguel de la Torre 3. Public theology Hak Joon Lee 4. Catholic social teaching Lisa Sowle Cahill 5. Protestant social ethics D. Stephen Long 6. Postliberalism and radical orthodoxy Daniel M. Bell, Jr 7. Postcolonial theology Susan Abraham Part II. Contemporary Questions in Political Theology: 8. Scripture Christopher Rowland 9. Augustinianisms and Thomisms Eric Gregory and Joseph Clair 10. Liberalism and democracy Craig Hovey 11. Capitalism and global economics Philip Goodchild 12. Political theology as threat William T. Cavanaugh 13. Good rule Peter J. Leithart 14. Eschatology and apocalyptic Elizabeth Phillips.


The characteristic of a bending die for a motor cycle side tube, its operation principle and design of the main die parts were presented. The application of the bending process and die can increase the production efficiency for several times compared with other techniques.


The high proportion of declining amphibian populations and species without ecological information makes it imperative to conduct research on their population biology, natural history and habitat requirements. We describe the abundance, age structure, activity patterns and microhabitat of four populations of Rhinella macrorhina, a threatened toad from the cloud forests of the Andes of Colombia. We found similar abundances in all populations, despite differences in the level of alteration of the forest patches studied. Abundance of the species was higher during the rainy season and was related to leaf litter depth and leaf litter humidity. We found similar proportions of adults and juveniles among seasons in all populations, and we suggest that daily activity of R. macrorhina varies by age class, exhibiting a temporal and spatial segregation. We present insight into habitat alteration which may threaten the species, principally in the Amalfi locality where we report the largest documented population of the species.


This paper studies how the sharp increase in garment-sector exports following the end of the Multifibre Arrangement (MFA) spread through Bangladesh's labor markets. Although the end of the MFA was arguably exogenous to Bangladesh, we instrument export demand with OECD imports to ensure identification. We compare estimates of the local labor market effects and estimates from wage equations that reflect the predictions from long-run, general-equilibrium neoclassical trade theory. While we find that the export shock was localized both in terms of sector and geography, our results contrast with recent studies in that the local labor market effects dissipate quickly. We also show that the male-female wage gap closes considerably throughout the country – not just in the apparel sector. In relatively small Bangladesh, the national labor market seems to be more integrated compared to larger countries studied, possibly suggesting that labor adjustment costs are lower in smaller countries. This paper is a product of the SARCE and Poverty Practices of the World Bank Group. It is funded by South Asia Regional Trade Facilitation Program. The corresponding author may be contacted at firstname.lastname@example.com. The authors are grateful to Nora Carina Dihel, Maurizo Bussulo, Nayantara Sarma, Erik Lewis, Joanna Lahey, and Mathias Poertner for helpful comments and valuable suggestions. All remaining errors are the responsibility of the authors.


This article discusses the environmental wisdom in Islam which comes from al-Qur'an and Hadis. The nature concept in Syariah is general so the new meaning and the detail need to be given in order to be more operational. The discussion on tafsir and fikih is held by using jurisprudence or us}u>l al-fiqh and historical approach. The teaching on environmental wisdom in Syariah and the concept of protecting the wisdom are the focuses of this research. This article shows that mas}lah}ah principle has proved to strengthen the argument of Syariah protection toward environment. This principle also proposes new tradition, h}ima> (inviolate zone/protected area) as the conservation activity. Green vision in Syariah tradition based on ikra>m or a respect to the nature's rights which should be kept and obeyed by every khali>fah.


Quartz is one of the excellent materials for piezoelectric and optical applications. Whereas α-phase quartz is widely used, β-phase quartz is not used for any application. We investigated the piezoelectric and elastic properties of β-phase quartz and observed clear piezoelectric responses from approximately 580 to 1,300 °C. Large positive frequency–temperature characteristics were observed and good reproducibility of the heat cycle was obtained. Because of its large frequency–temperature coefficient, β-phase quartz is likely applicable for temperature sensors at high temperatures up to 1,200 °C. Since dielectric dissipation affects the resonant characteristics of β-phase quartz at high temperature, we investigated the cut angle dependence of the dielectric dissipation and obtained an optimum cut angle for β-phase resonators.


the author writes for his own communion, and for others Christian 1 ornot, since all might find the 'revelation' the 'church' believes itself commissioned by Christ to teach expressing genuine intuitions commendable by persuasive arguments. He shows us how and why many of these arguments are deficient, and his readers may be less charitable than he undoubtedly is about those 'intuitions', and even of 'revelation'. If he were more of a radical than he is, he himself might draw the conclusion not that 'The church needs to do more thinking about sex' but that the church has had long enough to think, is poor at it, and might well leave it for the time being to the non-churched without more harm than results from bad Christian argument. One might of course want to ask who counts as 'church', and whether it might be possible to think more creatively about sex, using all available insights, and in a mode freer even than Gareth Moore is of uncritical and inappropriate use of texts from the past. A Roman Catholic can be relied upon to keep certa in topics in focus, such as masturbation and contraception. He is right to pay the closest attention to an argument (p.166f.) which links together 'hatred' of the 'possible baby' parents (if such they become) allegedly project and reject and so constitute themselves as 'contralife' if they use contraception. In his chapter on this whole topic he gives us but one


Cell labeling and tracking via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has drawn much attention for its noninvasive property and longitudinal monitoring functionality. Employing of imaging probes with high labeling efficiency and good biocompatibility is one of the essential factors that determine the outcome of tracking. In this study, negatively charged superparamagnetic iron oxide (PAsp‐PCL/SPIO) nanoclusters are developed for dendritic cell (DC) labeling and tracking in vivo. PAsp‐PCL/SPIO has a diameter of 124 ± 41 nm in DLS, negatively charged surface (zeta potential = −27 mV), and presents high T 2 relaxivity (335.6 Fe mm −1 s−1) and good DC labeling efficiency. Labeled DCs are unaffected in their viability, proliferation, and differentiation capacity, and have an excellent MR imaging sensitivity in vitro. To monitor the migration of DCs into lymphoid tissues in vivo, which will be related to the final immunotherapy results, T 2‐wighted and T 2‐map imaging of popliteal nodes at different points in time are acquired under a clinical 3 T scanner after subcutaneous injection of a certain number of labeled DCs at hindleg footpads of mice. The signal intensities decreasing and T 2 values shortening of ipsilateral popliteal nodes are significant and display a time‐ and dose‐dependence, showing DCs' migration to the draining lymph nodes.


This note formalisms quasi-Gaussian piecewise polynomial implicit surfaces, otherwise known as metaballs.We use this formalism to differentiate the implicit surface bump kernels, derive new kernel functions and to efficiently implement interval versions with a goal of easing the implementation of Morse theoretic determination of the topological type of a given implicit surface.


Perhaps everyone by now knows that ''podification'' is the most efficient and effective way to fasten the wandering undergraduate mind to articles in certain ASA journals. For those few who may not, this is the newly created drill: the editor contacts the lucky author(s) whose article is to be featured on the journal's website, perhaps with an eye toward what might most forcefully speak to a broader audience; they jointly or separately ''Skype'' a short pretend-interview, explaining how or why the article was written, embellishing it perhaps with some human dimension (''We hiked across Mount Olympus to verify the data, tromping deadly vipers and armed rebels''), enchanting music is added through the helpful efforts of Sage Publications, all so that students can then enjoy an article's ''take-home message'' without having to read it or even to lay eyes on the journal itself if they so choose. Said students may, of course, pursue the actual featured article, but nobody has any data yet showing that they do or will, nor that—heaven forefend!—they might purchase the article or the journal. This general modus operandi, I have been assured, is the likely future of scholarly publishing. In fact, authors have quickly begun queuing up to add their skype-moments to the rapidly enlarging file, since it approximates a YouTube experience or a trenchant interview on National Public Radio—another line on the vita. Any scheme which succeeds in dragging young minds from their electronic gear to scholarly sociology must be congratulated and appreciated, it goes without saying. The international fight now being waged between ''conventional'' teaching and ''social media'' is nearly lost before begun, for many reasons, not least of which is the simple fact that speedy phonal interchange is apparently great fun in a way that annotating scholarly printed articles will never be. The most pressing issue for ASA and other scholarly associations, whose collective primary function is to sponsor journals highlighting their best work, turns around the question of continuing the money flow of old, a puzzle that affects so much of the information industry nowadays. When a famous European publisher was roundly pilloried in the 1990s because it charged libraries $24,000 per year for a single hyper-specialized journal subscription, one suspected then that such a business model could not long endure, even in the best of times. One wonders if that particular journal any longer exists. Yet unbelievably enough, the director of Harvard's libraries reports that the Dutch publisher, Elsevier, still loots library budgets for $39,082 if they subscribe to Tetrahedron (a chemistry journal appearing every week and consuming 10,000 pages per year), while Wiley charges $27,465 for one year of The Journal of Comparative Neurology, a 5000page biweekly. Elsevier netted $1.1 billion from its publishing wing in 2009 while worldwide library budgets were slashed. (Robert Darnton, ''The Library: Three Jeremiads,'' New York Review of Books, December 23, 2010, p. 24.) Conscientious librarians constantly consult computational sources that tell them not only how often a given journal is summoned up electronically by library patrons, but how often a particular article is ''read.'' (One uses ''read'' here in the same way that one uses ''sleep with'' as a euphemism for sexual congress, for if one ''reads'' an article on one's ''smartphone ,'' then what one does with a printed version of From Max Weber no longer shares that definition.) Said librarians, of course, with decades of budget-cutting experience behind them, delete journals whose ''cost per viewed article'' is reckoned as too high—a perfect democratization of knowledge warily foreseen in the 1920s by Karl Mannheim and others. Because ''everything is free'' online (The Wall Street Journal excepted), and with library collection decisions being made ''automatically'' by freshpersons and sophomores via their usage ''votes,'' the dreaded question facing scholarly publishers is how to bring in enough revenue to American Sociological Association 2011 DOI: 10.1177/0094306110396852 http://cs.sagepub.com


: Big data technology is a key trend across different organizations as it enables them to hold the asset "data". The current study assesses technological capability and performance across organizations by means of the empirical study. This has been reviewed with the key focus on the features of big data as well as the benefits to the organization. From the various articles reviewed, the big data technology has been found to be a critical aspect of any organization and hence must be effectively managed to enhance its confidentiality. Organization must, therefore, have proper rules and guidelines on how to handle big data, how it will be analyzed and utilized across the organization with a view to reap maximum business value there in.


The London Vet Show will take place on November 19 and 20 at Olympia, London. BVA's marketing manager Tim Keen describes what's on offer.